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UNITED STATES 
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
LIBRARY 


C38 


os0223 1951 


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FEBI 3 1951 a 


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Pkg OFA Eg Rad ie 


UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
Miscellaneous Publication No. 200 


Issued May 1935 
Washington, D.C. Revised February 1951 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES 
OF THE UNITED STATES 


By 
A. S. HITCHCOCK 


Second Edition 
Revised by 
AGNES CHASE 


Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction 
Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering 
Agricultural Research Administration 


United States 
Government Printing Office 
Washington : 1950 


For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C. Price $3.00. 


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MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE 
UNITED STATES 


By the late A. S. Hircucock,! principal botanist, Division of Plant Exploration and Introduc- 
tion; second edition revised by AGNES CHASE, formerly senior botanist and later collab- 
orator, Division of Plant Exploration and Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, Soils, and 
Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Administration, and research associate, 
United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution 


CONTENTS 
Page Page 
limibROduUCtlONWy as cievsck ss oc .s. cpr dusters ebiste wietdl ore 1 Descriptions of the tribes and keys to the 
lWSestomerassesten ck cease eee. 1 genera—Continued 
Distribution of grasses................-. 4 Tribe 13. Andropogoneae...............- 25 
Morphology of grasses. ..............00- 6 ribel 4iEripsacedeiss ce cusses ccseie ve 26 
Classification of grasses..............---. 9 Descriptions of genera and species.......... 2 
INomenclature sat ick files nek ile Slee ea 11 ribewen Bam buseae.cues sere. sbusis tere fe 27 
Commonenamese Aan hse eee sees 12 Mribep2sMestuceaes.. cect. ote wee ah eit onios 31 
Scope of the manual.................... 13 Tribes sHondeaeiee.)s ttre W tee antic 230 
Gramineae (Poaceae), the grass family...... 13 diriloe AyrAvienedert ice los hole eeiaoieriare 280 
Descriptions of the subfamilies and keys to the ‘LriberowAerostideaes = sis one ete ie 313 
EBD GSP itee tence. 2k usw ld Seesaiteyas PEribelGyAOysietes acre ates eee ne eoseoe 482 
Subfamily 1. Festucoideae............... 14 iribemeChlondedess ieee eee ears 491 
Subfamily 2..Panicoideae................ 15 nribe:S.jbhalarideaes: was. Guess: ore orks eee 547 
Descriptions of the tribes and keys to the Mr ey O Ni Ory; Zee) ne retype eer etaete eee aa 556 
ZEMCT ARP ee asda ie ero heke aKa aula ys Beane ribemlONZizaniedessttre se ae tet nedete 561 
Aeriberl aw AIMDUSCAC He ts). + cde die eeers a vic eee aie 15 DrabentiaeWielinideaerrs.: 2); . cians oe eoere 569 
Miribe:2o Mestuceae ss. nc ces un ce ee obese 15 Rribesli2a haniceaeunimatnprmtesnuctine etme 569 
priberSseELOrdeaGeies S.siie wid gly std sides 18 Tribe 13. Andropogoneae.............--- 737 
ACIDE A PAVENERG aa oo ees fe eee ees ee wees 19 Tribe 14. ‘Tripsaceae Bn Pen eRe Rene ice eS 789 
Tribe 5. Agrostideae.............0.0 20 ee 20 SVALOMYANY trees Saale secede, ca cere tang tee heat at 796 
BETIS LOS OV SICAC eka wa ste) ssdas ciclecue isso. Sis seni | Unidentified nameseewivt eee ae eee 980 
slerabpenia ChVOTIVGAGE ec. rt cise) cog 303.0, os ave bo 22 Persons for whom grasses have been named.. 984 
EbriberSs Phalarideae ) 2% 5 ss). 3 he eae 23 Glossaryat posts so tetolh g kt BERR ORS a cease teats 990 
ube SEL 3S PERG ES EC 23 ANY oY Oz) 010 NO 6a Heart tc ne ae ay maria ae I ey erry a 994 
Liber! OF AiZaAMICAC Ss .2 ec eseoelose ence cog cee ges 
Tribe 11. Melinideae with. Senay tie a eee inp 24 Addenda Ske ELD CAETEROAE. UO DIGCLO Tt OLS ob Glo oleae eb 1000 
Pbribedl 2 eaniGeae. foe 6 te cisccae sx. s cle cvelele 24. ANT ON Rigs EA RD fos ia 65 oe eS WOR SP 1001 
INTRODUCTION FOOD GRASSES 


Of all the plants of the earth the 
grasses are of the greatest use to the 
human race. To the grasses belong the 
cereals, sugarcane, sorghum, and the 
bamboos; and, since they furnish the 
bulk of the forage for domestic ani- 
mals, the grasses are also the basis of 
animal industry. 


USES OF GRASSES 


The grasses furnish the principal 
breadstuffs of the world and a large 
part of the food of domestic animals; 
they are also used in the industrial 
arts and extensively as greensward 
and ornamentals in parks and gar- 
dens. 


1 Died December 16, 1935. 


The most important food plants for 
the human race are the cereals, in- 
cluding wheat, corn (maize), rice, bar- 
ley, rye, oats, and many kinds of 
erain sorghums. For primitive peoples 
the seed of certain other grasses, such 
as pearl millet, common millet, 
broomcorn millet, Japanese millet, 
and African millet (ragi), have played 
an important role. The seeds of the 
cereals are also extensively used as 
feed for domestic animals. 


FORAGE GRASSES 
Forage grasses are used for hay, 
pasturage, soiling, and silage. 
HAY GRASSES 


The grasses together with clovers 
and alfalfa are the basis of permanent 


l 


+ MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Sand-binding grasses in addition 
are able to grow up through the 
deepening sand. The most effective 
sand binders for seacoast drifting 
sand are the European beachgrass 
(Ammophila arenaria) and its Ameri- 
can relative (A. breviligulata). The 
dunes of the Netherlands, south- 
western France, northern and western 
Denmark, and other parts of Europe 
and areas on Cape Cod are planted 
with beachgrass. These fixed dunes 
act as barriers, protecting the land 
behind them. The land now occupied 
by Golden Gate Park, once an area 
of drifting sand, was first held in 
place with beachgrass and_ later 
planted to shrubs and trees. Cala- 
movilfa longifolia and Redfieldia flex- 
uosa are effective native sand binders 
on sand dunes of the interior. 

Grasses with strong rhizomes are 
used to hold the sides of cuts and 
banks and to protect them against 
erosion. Bermuda grass in the South 
and quackgrass (Agropyron repens) 
in the North have been used success- 
fully for this purpose. Rhizome-bear- 
ing species of Elymus and Agropyron 
have been used in the Northwest to 
hold railroad embankments along the 
Columbia River. 

Shallow-water marshes and lagoons 
are in many places being converted 
into dry land by native plants grow- 
ing therein that accumulate soil and 
gradually raise the level of thebottom. 
Grasses, especially species of Spartina 
and Phragmites, play an important 
part in the process. Artificial plant- 
ings of Spartina townsendi have been 
used with great success in the south 
of England, northern France, and in 
parts of the Netherlands to convert 
marshes and mud flats along the 
coast into dry land. 


GRASSES FOR LAWNS AND GOLF COURSES 


The lawn is a most important part 
of a well-planned landscape, park, or 
garden. For the humid regions of the 
Northern States, Kentucky bluegrass, 
also used for pasture, is the best- 
known lawngrass. Rough bluegrass 
(Poa trivialis) is often used as a lawn- 


grass in shady places. In the Southern 
States Bermuda grass takes the 
place of bluegrass. Two other species 
are prominent as grasses for lawns 
and putting greens, creeping bent 
(Agrostis palustris) and _ colonial 
bent (A. tenuis). Along southern 
coasts St. Augustine grass (Steno- 
taphrum secundatum) and centipede 
grass (Hremochloa ophiuroides) are 
planted, being propagated by cut- 
tings. Some of the fescue grasses are 
used in mixtures for lawns. These are 
red fescue (Festuca rubra), sheep 
fescue (F. ovina), hard fescue (F. 
ova var. duriuscula), and shade 
fescue (F. rubra var. heterophylla). 


ORNAMENTAL GRASSES 


Among typical ornamentals the 
plumegrasses, giant reed (Arundo 
donax), Ravenna grass (Erzanthus 
ravennae), eulalia (Miscanthus sin- 
ensis), and pampasgrass (Cortaderia 
selloana) are the most popular for 
parks and large areas. Dwarf bamboo 
(Bambusa multiplex) is used for 
hedges in the South, and the smaller 
species of Phyllostachys for masses of 
evergreen foliage. Pseudosasa japo- 
nica. an aggressively spreading hardy 
bamboo, is rather common in parks. 
Fountain grass (Pennisetum setacewm) 
and blue fescue (Festuca ovina var. 
glauca) are used for borders. Ribbon 
grass (Phalaris arundinacea var. pic- 
ta) is a familiar grass in old gardens. 
Basket grass (a variegated form of 
Oplismenus hirtellus) will fall in long 
festoons from hanging baskets. 


DISTRIBUTION OF GRASSES 


One of the most widely distributed 
of the families of flowering plants, 
the grasses are found over the land 
surface of the globe, in marshes and 
in deserts, on prairies and in wood- 
land, on sand, rocks, and fertile soil, 
from the Tropics to the polar regions 
and from sea level to perpetual snow 
on the mountains. 

The different grasses, like other 
kinds of plants, thrive best under 
certain conditions of soil, moisture, 
temperature, exposure, and altitude. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 5) 


The conditions under which a plant 
normally grows is its habitat. Some 
species are narrowly restricted in their 
habitat—being found only in sand or 
on rocks, in salt marshes or on alpine 
summits, for example, whereas others 
are tolerant of wide variations of 
habitat. Red fescue (Mestuca rubra) 
is an example of wide distribution of 
a species tolerant of a variety of 
habitats. It is found from the Arctic 
regions south at low altitudes to 
Georgia and central California and 
in the mountains farther south, and 
from the seacoast marshes to moun- 
tain tops. 

Each species is found growing over 
a rather definite geographic area, but 
within this area it is confined to its 
particular habitat. 

In mountain regions altitude is an 
important factor in modifying range, 
each species thriving within certain 
limits of altitude. Species found at 
high altitudes in one range of moun- 
tains may reappear at about the 
same altitude on other ranges. Cer- 
tain grasses growing at low levels in 
the north are found in the mountains 
and at increasingly higher elevations 
southward. | 

The geographic range is of impor- 
tance and is given in some detail for 
each species in the manual. The 
range as given is based upon the 
study of a vast amount of material, 
both in the herbarium and in the 
field. For convenience in keeping the 
records of distribution a series of out- 
line maps, one for each species or 
variety, has been prepared in the 
grass herbarium of the United States 
National Herbarium. The known 
range of each species is indicated 
upon these maps by a dot on each 
State from which specimens are in 
the herbarium or have been examined 
by the author. (A few extensions of 
range have been found since the 
maps were engraved. These are in- 
cluded in the text.) Local floras, lists, 
and records of distribution have been 
checked, and efforts have been made 
to verify the records that seemed to 
indicate an extension of range. Other 


herbaria have been visited or have 
lent specimens, and many correspond- 
ents have submitted specimens for 
verification. No additions have been 
made without a study of the speci- 
mens. But it must be borne in mind 
that dots (representing specimens) 
necessarily indicate where the differ- 
ent specimens have been collected, 
therefore where botanists have been. 
Absence of a dot in a state does not 
necessarily mean the species in ques- 
tion does not grow in that state. 

The ranges of native species are 
usually fairly well defined and con- 
tinuous. A species of the Coastal 
Plain extends, for example, from New 
Jersey to North Carolina or from 
Virginia to Florida and Texas, with- 
out a conspicuous break. Mountain 
plants extend along mountain ranges 
where similar conditions prevail. Some 
species have in the main a continuous 
range but are found also in isolated 
and distant localities. Bouteloua hir- 
suta extends over the Great Plains 
east to Wisconsin and Louisiana, and 
again occurs abundantly and ap- 
parently native on Sanibel Island, 
Fla. Some Coastal Plain species ap- 
pear again around the head of Lake 
Michigan. In these cases it is prob- 
able that the species do not occur in 
the intermediate areas. 

Certain arctic or northern species 
also show interrupted range, being 
found within the limits of the United 
States only on isolated mountain 
tops. The arctic grass, Phippsia 
algida, for example, is known within 
the United States only from alpine 
summits in Colorado. What appear 
to be interrupted ranges along the 
northern or southern borders are 
mostly due to extensions into this 
country from the main ranges in 
Canada or Mexico. 

The distribution of recently intro- 
duced species is often very erratic. 
A single introduction may maintain 
itself or even spread considerably 
for several years before coming to 
the notice of botanists. Introduced 
species often travel rapidly along 
railroads by means of cattle cars, or 


6 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


they spread as impurities in the seed 
of crop plants. That seeds may travel 
great distances through the air has 
been shown by experiments in which 
airplanes have collected seeds, in- 
sects, and other objects at varying 
heights in the atmosphere. For ex- 
ample, spikelets of Paspalum dtla- 
tatum and P. urvillet were taken at 
altitudes up to 5,000 feet in Louisiana. 

Grasses introduced into cultivation 
may spread or ‘‘escape’’ from culti- 
vation and become established over 
wide areas. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa 
pratensis) and the ryegrasses (Lolium 
perenne and L. multiflorum) are 
familiar examples. Johnson grass is 
an excellent forage grass, but if it 
escapes into cultivated fields may 
become a troublesome weed. 

Other cultivated grasses, such as 
the grains, frequently spread from 
fields but are unable to maintain 
themselves for long. Eulalia (W7s- 
canthus sinensis) has been cultivated 
for ornament in the eastern part of 
the United States for many years. 
Recently it has shown a tendency to 
spread by seed. It is now becoming 
a nuisance in some localities because 
of its aggressiveness in old fields. 


MORPHOLOGY OF GRASSES 


The organs of grasses undergo 
many modifications or departures 
from the usual or typical structure. 
A knowledge of the structure and 
modifications of the organs, especially 
of the parts of the spikelet, is essen- 
tial for the interpretation of relation- 
ships. 


VEGETATIVE ORGANS 


In size grasses vary from minute 
species only 2 or 3 cm. high to the 
giant bamboos 30 m. tall. The vege- 
tative organs, however, consist, in all 
cases, of root, stem, and leaves. A 
single unbranched stem with the at- 
tached leaves is a shoot. 


ROOT 


The roots of grasses are fibrous 
with little modification. The primary 


root persists only a short time after 
germination, its place being taken by 
secondary roots produced from the 
nodes of the young culm. Besides the 
original root system at the base of 
the plant, secondary roots are often 
formed from nodes above the ground 
as in maize (prop roots), or from the 
nodes of crecping culms (rhizomes or 
stolons). Roots are never produced 
from the internodes of the culms. 


STEM 


The jointed stem of a grass, called 
a culm, is made up of a series of 
nodes and internodes. The internode 
is hollow (wheat), or solid (maize); 
the node or joint is always solid. The 
culm may branch at the base as in 
wheat (stools) or above the base as in 
Muhlenbergia. Creeping culms, modi- 
fied for propagation, may be below 
ground (rhizomes) or above ground 
(stolons). The lower internodes may 
thicken into corms (timothy, species 
of Melica, Arrhenatherum elatius var. 
bulbosum), sometimes referred to as 
bulbs. Perennial grasses may form a 
sod or mass of individuals by means 
of rhizomes or stolons, or they may 
form a crown or tuft by the continual 
formation of upright branches within 
the lower sheaths. 


LEAF 


The leaves are borne on the culm 
in two ranks, one at each node. The 
leaf consists of sheath and_ blade. 
The sheath envelops the culm above 
the node, the margins overlapping 
(open) or infrequently united into a 
cylinder for a part or a whole of the 
distance to the summit (closed). 

The blades are typically flat, nar- 
row, and sessile. In dry regions they 
are usually involute or convolute; in 
tropical shade they are often com- 
paratively short and wide (lanceo- 
late, ovate, or elliptic); in most of 
the bamboos they are narrowed into 
a short petiole articulate with the 
sheath. 

Some grasses (especially the Hor- 
deae) bear, one on either side at the 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 7 


base of the blade, appendages known 
as auricles. At the junction of the 
blade and sheath on the inside is a 
membranaceous or ciliate appendage 
called the ligule. The region on the 
back of the leaf at the junction of 
the sheath and blade is called the 
collar. 


PROPHYLLUM 


At the point where a branch shoot 
originates from a main shoot (in the 
axil of a sheath), there is produced on 
the side next to the parent shoot a 
2-keeled organ (the first leaf of the 
shoot) called the prophyllum. At 
first the prophyllum completely covers 
the bud but later opens as the shoot 
develops. The organ is usually con- 
cave between the keels toward the 
parent shoot but clasps the new 
shoot by its margins. 


FLORAL ORGANS 


The floral organs of all flowering 
plants are modified shoots. The flow- 
ers of grasses consist of stamens and 
pistils with no floral envelopes or peri- 
anth, except as they are represented 
by the lodicules. 


THE INFLORESCENCE 


The unit of the grass inflorescence is 
the spikelet. The spikelets are nearly 
always aggregated in groups or clus- 
ters which constitute the inflores- 
cence. The tassel of maize, the spike 
or head of wheat or timothy, and the 
panicle of the oat or bluegrass are 
examples of inflorescences. 

The simplest inflorescence is the 
raceme, in which the spikelets are 
pediceled along an axis. The typical 
raceme, as in Plewropogon, is rare in 
grasses. Modified spikelike racemes 
are characteristic of Paspalum, Digi- 
tarza, and allied genera, in which the 
spikelets are paired and short-pedicel- 
late, and of most Andropogoneae, in 
which the spikelets are paired, one 
sessile, the other pedicellate. The in- 
florescences of the groups mentioned 
may best be considered as specialized 
panicles. 


The spike differs from the raceme in 
having sessile spikelets. In the Hor- 
deae the spikes are symmetrical, in 
the Chlorideae they are one-sided. 

The panicle is the commonest kind 
of grass cluster. In this the spikelets 
are pediceled in a branched inflores- 
cence. The panicle may be open or 
diffuse, as in Panicum capillare, or con- 
tracted, as in millet. Compact pan- 
icles, especially if cylindric like timo- 
thy, are called spikelike panicles. 

Numerous small inflorescences may 
be aggregated into a large or com- 
pound inflorescence. Many Andro- 
pogoneae have compound _inflores- 
cences, for example, the broomsedge 
(Andropogon virginicus). 

Panicles often expand at the time 
of flowering (anthesis). Such expan- 
sion or spreading of the branches and 
branchlets is brought about by the 
swelling of motor organs (pulvini) in 
the axils of the inflorescence. 

Sometimes the ultimate branches of 
an inflorescence are sterile instead of 
bearing spikelets. The sterile branch- 
lets of Setaria, Pennisetum, and Cen- 
chrus are modified into bristles around 
the spikelets. 


THE SPIKELET 


A typical spikelet consists of a 
short axis (rachilla) on which the 
flowers are borne in the axils of 
2-ranked imbricate bracts. The spike- 
let is, therefore, a reduced modified 
shoot in which the rachilla is a stem 
bearing at each node a reduced leaf 
(bract). The flowers are secondary re- 
duced shoots borne in the axils of the 
bracts, the first bract (palea) on the 
secondary shoot being a modified pro- 
phyllum and the stamens and pistil 
being modified leaves or bracts. The 
bracts of the lowest pair on the 
rachilla, being always empty, are dis- 
tinguished as glumes. The succeeding 
bracts are called lemmas (flowering 
glumes of some authors). The glumes 
and lemmas represent the sheath of 
the leaves, the blades not developing 
(in proliferous spikelets the parts are 
partially developed into typical 


8 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


leaves). The lemma, palea, and in- 
cluded flower are called the floret. 
The branchlet bearing the spikelet is 
the pedicel. 

The spikelet may be reduced to a 
single floret (Agrostideae), sometimes 
with a prolongation of the rachilla be- 
hind, as in Calamagrostis. In Andro- 
pogon a fertile spikelet is paired with 
a sterile one in which the pistil or 
both pistil and stamens are wanting. 
The upper florets of the spikelet are 
often reduced in Festuceae, and the 
lower lemmas may be empty in some 
genera (Uniola, Blepharidachne). In 
Melica and Chloris the upper florets 
may bereduced and form a club-shaped 
body. In Phalaris there is one fertile 
floret with a pair of sterile florets 
below, each reduced to a small ap- 
pressed scale. In Lamarckia and 
Cynosurus there are prominent sterile 
spikelets mixed with the fertile ones. 

In Paniceae the spikelet has a per- 
fect terminal floret and below this a 
sterile floret, consisting of a sterile 
lemma similar to the glumes, either 
empty or with a hyaline palea or 
sometimes with a staminate flower. 

*In a few grasses (Amphicarpum, 
Chloris chloridea) there are, in addi- 
tion to the usual inflorescence above 
ground, cleistogamous spikelets borne 
on underground culms. 


RACHILLA 


The axis bearing the florets, the 
rachilla, usually disarticulates be- 
tween the florets when the spikelet is 
more than 1-flowered. In many species 
of Eragrostis it is continuous, usually 
bearing the persistent paleas, after 
the remainder of the florets have 
fallen. When the rachilla disarticu- 
lates the break is usually just below 
the florets so that the rachilla joint 
remains attached as a little stipe back 
of the palea. The disarticulation is 
near the middle of the internode in 
Trichoneura and Festuca subulzflora. 
The rachilla disarticulates just above 
the floret in Phragmites, the rachilla 
remaining as a plumose stipe below it. 
The rachilla is short-villous or pilose 


in many genera of Aveneae (the callus 
of the floret often pilose also). 

In some genera with 1-flowered 
spikelets (Calamagrostis, Cinna, Cyno- 
don) the rachilla is prolonged behind 
the floret as a slender, often villous, 
stipe or bristle, and in several genera 
with several-flowered spikelets ( Koe- 
leria, Poa) it is prolonged, beyond the 
uppermost floret. 


GLUMES 


The glumes are usually similar in 
shape and texture, tlhe first often 
smaller and with fewer nerves. Rarely 
the first glume is longer than the sec- 
ond (species of Aristida). The first 
may be much reduced or wanting 
(Azonopus, Paspalum, Digitaria). 
Rarely both glumes are wanting 
(Leersia, Reimarochloa). In Eriochloa 
the first glume is reduced or wanting, 
the first rachilla joint being a hard 
ring below the spikelet. In Andro- 
pogoneae the first glume is usually in- 
durate, sometimes strongly so. In 
some Hordeae the glumes are bristle- 
like. 


LEMMAS 


The lemmas in the more primitive 
grasses are typically similar to the 
glumes but may be variously modi- 
fied. In Panicum the fertile lemma is 
much harder than the glumes; in An- 
dropogoneae they are much thinner 
than the glumes, often hyaline. The 
indurate cylindric lemma, of Stipa and 
Aristida bears a sharp callus at base, 
formed by the oblique articulation 
with the rachilla. 


PALEA 


The palea is mostly 2-keeled and 
often concave between the keels. It is 
homologous with the prophyllum. 
Sometimes the 2 nerves of the palea 
are so close together as to appear like 
a single nerve (Cinna) ; sometimes the 
2 nerves are marginal and widely sep- 
arated as in rice. The keels may be 
ciliate (Hragrostis), bearded (T77- 
plasis), or winged (Pleuropogon). The 
palea is much reduced or wanting in 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 9 


species of Agrostis. Usually the palea 
falls with its lemma, but in many 
species of Hragrostzs it persists upon 
the rachilla after the fall of the lemma. 


FLOWER 


The flower proper consists of the 
stamens and pistil. The stamens are 
usually 3 but may be 1 to 6, rarely 
more. The slender filaments bear 
2-celled anthers which are basifixed 
but so deeply sagittate as to appear 
versatile. The pistil is 1-celled, with 1 
ovule; the styles are usually 2 but 
may be 1 or 3; the stigmas may arise 
from a single style or directly from the 
ovary. The style of Zea is greatly 
elongated and stigmatic over much of 
the exserted surface. 

The lodicules are small organs 
found at the base of the flower outside 
the stamens. There are usually 2, 
rarely 3, the function of which is to 
open the floret at anthesis by their 
turgidity. They probably represent 
much reduced divisions of a perianth. 

Typically the grasses are adapted 
to cross-pollination, but many species 
are cleistogamous in part. The axillary 
inflorescences of some species (Pani- 
cum clandestinum and allies, Leersia 
oryzoides) are enclosed in the sheaths 
and are self-pollinated. The florets of 
wheat expand for only a short time, 
when cross-pollination may take 
place, but for the most part are self- 
pollinated. 

The fruit of the grasses is usually a 
caryopsis, in which the single seed is 
grown fast to the pericarp, forming a 
seedlike grain. In a few genera (Sporo- 
bolus, Eleusine), the seed is free from 
the pericarp. The caryopsis may be 
free from the lemma and palea, as in 
wheat, or it may be permanently en- 
closed, as in the oat and in the Pan- 
iceae. The grain (caryopsis) may en- 
large during ripening and greatly ex- 
ceed the glumes, lemma, and palea, as 
in maize and Pennisetum glaucum. 

The embryo lies on the side of the 
caryopsis next to the lemma, and can 
be easily seen as an oval depression 
(the “germ” of maize and wheat). 
The hilum is the dot or line opposite 


the embryo which marks the point of 
attachment of the seed to the peri- 
carp. The part of the caryopsis not 
occupied by the embryo is the endo- 
sperm, or nourishment for the ger- 
minating seed. 


CLASSIFICATION OF GRASSES 


A natural classification of plants is 
one in which the different kinds or 
species are arranged in groups ac- 
cording to their resemblances as 
shown by their structure, especially 
(in the grasses and other flowering 
plants) by the structure of their 
flowers. The plants of today repre- 
sent a cross section of the lines of 
descent from countless generations 
that have preceded them. It is gener- 
ally accepted that there has been 
much variation during the evolution- 
ary process, and that all living plants 
are genetically connected through 
their lines of descent. Some of the 
gaps in present-day knowledge of 
relationship are filled by fossil re- 
mains, but relatively few of the an- 
cestors of living plants are repre- 
sented by fossils. Knowledge of the 
ancestry of the kinds of plants now 
on the globe is necessarily very in- 
complete. Hence, ideas of the rela- 
tions of groups to each other are 
largely inferences based upon mor- 
phological resemblances. Those indi- 
viduals which are so much alike as 
to appear to be of one kind, with, 
presumably, a common ancestor in 
recent geological times, are regarded 
as belonging to the same species. 
The species is the unit of classifica- 
tion. For convenience, species are 
grouped into genera and genera into 
families. For example, the white oak, 
red oak, black oak, and other kinds 
or species of oak belong to the oak 
genus (Quercus), all the species of 
which have one character in common 
—the fruit is an acorn. The oak 
genus, the beech genus, the chestnut 
genus, and a few allied genera are 
grouped together as a family. 

The grass family (Gramineae or 
Poaceae) is one of the largest in 
number of genera and species, and, 


10 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


among flowering plants, is probably 
the largest in the number of indi- 
viduals and is one of the most widely 
distributed. Some genera, such as the 
bluegrasses (Poa), the bromegrasses 
(Bromus), and the immense genus 
Panicum, contain numerous often 
closely allied species. Some genera 
contain but a few species or only 
one. 

When an attempt is made to 
classify a group of related variable 
species the question always arises 
whether there are several closely re- 
lated but distinct species or a few 
distinct species, each of which shows 
great variation. It is but natural that 
botanists should differ in their con- 
clusions. This explains in part the 
different classifications of the same 
group given by botanists of different 
periods or even of the same period. 
A satisfactory classification depends 
upon the study of abundant material 
both in the field and in the herbarium. 
By observation in the field one learns 
the range of variability of a species, 
while in the herbarium one can com- 
pare plants from different localities, 
interpreting the dried specimens in 
the light of field experience. 

In the classification of variable 
species it is found convenient some- 
times to separate variants as varieties. 
A variety comprises those individuals 
of a species that show a definite 
tendency to vary in a certain direc- 
tion, but which are connected with 
the species by rather numerous inter- 
grades. Sometimes a variety is found- 
ed on a single variation which is 
distinct but trivial, for example, 
pubescent specimens of a glabrous 
species. A variation supported by a 
distinct geographical range or even by 
a distinct habitat is given greater 
weight than is a variation found in 
a few individuals growing among 
plants of the typical form. 

The study of a vast amount of 
material in field and _ herbarium 
during some 40 years has resulted in 
the recognition of relatively few va- 
rieties, the intergrades proving to be 


more numerous than fairly clear-cut 
variants. Well-marked varieties are 
given a separate paragraph in the 
text, but are not usually given in 
the keys. Less well-marked varieties 
are given in the paragraph with the 
species. Many additional forms are 
indicated in a descriptive statement 
without being formally recognized as 
species or varieties. For example, 
under Digitaria gracillima appears, 
“A tall plant with * * * has been 
called D. bakeri (Nash) Fernald’; 
and under Eriochloa michauxu, “a 
form with * * * has been described 
as E. mollis var. longifolia Vasey.” 

The arrangement of the genera in 
this manual is, in general, trom the 
simple to the complex. It is, of course, 
impossible to arrange all the genera 
in linear sequence and at the same 
time represent a gradual increase in 
complexity because plants have not 
developed in a single line, but have 
diverged in all directions, their rela- 
tionships being a complex network. 
The highest genus of one tribe may 
be much more complex than the 
lowest genus of the next tribe above. 
On the average the Bambuseae seem 
to be the most primitive and the 
Tripsaceae the most complex. A 
grass with a spikelet consisting of 
glumes and several florets, the lem- 
mas and glumes being similar and 
resembling bracts, is a primitive form, 
Grasses with spikelets in which the 
parts are reduced, enlarged, or much 
differentiated, are derived or complex 
forms. Derived forms may be simple 
from the reduction of parts and yet 
not be primitive. In the main the 
genera of grasses fall readily into a 
few large groups or tribes, but several 
genera of uncertain affinities are, for 
convenience, placed in the recognized 
tribes on artificial characters, with 
the hope that further study and 
exploration will bring to light their 
true relationships. 

The grasses of the world (some 600 
genera) have been grouped into 14 
tribes, all of which are represented 
in the United States. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 11 


The sequence of tribes and genera 
in the manual with a few minor 
changes, is that found in The Genera 
of Grasses of the United States.? 


NOMENCLATURE 


The cooperative study of botany 
depends for progress and success on 
definiteness in the application of the 
names of plants. Research workers 
in all branches of botany must use 
the names of plants in the same 
sense, or serious misunderstandings 
will result. One of the functions of 
systematic botany is to determine 
the correct names of plants. The 
study of the application of plant 
names is nomenclature. By common 
consent of the botanists of the world 
Latin has been accepted as the 
language for technical plant names. 

Modern nomenclature commences 
with the publication in 1753 of 
Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum in which 
the binomial system of naming plants 
was first proposed. During the nearly 
200 years following that date many 
thousands of plants have been de- 
scribed. During this time there has 
been a lack of uniformity in the use 
of names, causing much confusion 
and resulting in frequent changes. 
The same species has been described 
under different names at different 
times, and the same name has been 
given to different plants. This con- 
fusion has been especially embarrass- 
ing to the agriculturist, ranger, seeds- 
man, pathologist, entomologist, and 
to all others interested in plants but 
not familiar with nomenclature and 
the history of the names used. 

The difference in the Latin names 
applied in different books to the same 
kind of grass is due to several causes. 


(1) A species is described as new by one 
author without knowing that the same spe- 
cies had been previously described by an- 
other author. The second name is known as 
a synonym. 

(2) An author applies a new name to a 
variant of a species already described. The 


2 Hitcucocs, A. 8. THE GENERA OF GRASSES OF THE 
UNITED STATES, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE 
ECONOMIC SPECIES. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 772, 307 pp., 
illus. 1920, revised 1936, 


author recognizes the variant as a distinct 
species. Other botanists may consider it to be 
only a variety of the older species or may 
consider it as a variant not sufficiently dis- 
tinct to be worthy of varietal rank. 

(3) Authors have different concepts of the 
limits of genera. The genus Triticum was 
described by Linnaeus. A later botanist 
thought that many of the species of this 
genus were different enough to constitute a 
distinct genus, Agropyron, and transferred 
quackgrass, first described as Triticum re- 
pens to Agropyron, as A. repens. 

(4) Authors sometimes misidentify spe- 
cies. Linnaeus described one of the cord- 
grasses as Spartina cynosuroides. Later, 
Michaux used the specific name for a differ- 
ent species (T’rachynotia cynosuroides, based 
on S. cynosuroides L.) This error was cor- 
rected and the species described by Michaux 
was given a new name, S. michauxiana. 
Later the loan of the type of Spartina pec- 
tinata Link, poorly described many years 
earlier, shows that that name is the valid 
one for the species. 


It will be seen that the differences 
in names are due in part to differences 
of opinion as to the generic, specific, 
or varietal distinctness of forms; in 
part to lack of knowledge as to what 
plants have been described previously ; 
and in part to errors of identification. 

All the preceding shows the need 
of rules of nomenclature. To enable 
users of this manual to coordinate 
the names published to date a syn- 
onymy has been appended in which 
all the names published for grasses 
in the United States have been ar- 
ranged under the names here adopted, 
that is, under the oldest valid name 
for each species. In determining the 
valid names of the species the Inter- 
national Rules of Botanical Nomen- 
clature have been followed. Under 
these rules certain generic names are 
conserved though they are not the 
earliest. The names of genera of 
grasses on the conserved list are as 
follows: Chrysopogon, Tragus, Zoysia, 
Setaria, Leersia, Ehrharta, Hierochloé, 
Crypsis, Coleanthus, Corynephorus, 
Cynodon, Ctenitum, Buchloé, Diarrhe- 
na, Lamarckia, Glyceria, Scolochloa. 

Certain other names of genera are 
used for different reasons. Digitaria 
antedates Syntherisma with which it 
is synonymous. It was proposed at 
the Cambridge International Botan- 


12 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ical Congress (and referred to a 
committee) that the standard species 
of Holcus be H. lanatus and of Aira 
be A. praecox, thus leaving Sorghum 
and Deschampsia the valid names for 
their respective genera. 

The synonymy attempts to record 
all the effectively published names 
given to species and varieties de- 
scribed from the United States or 
known to grow in the United States. 
In addition many names are given 
that have been published as syno- 
nyms or without sufficient description 
(nomina nuda). Whether such names 
are included depends upon whether 
they have appeared in such works as 
the Index Kewensis or have some 
connection with effectively published 
names. When a species is transferred 
from one genus to another, a new 
name results. The basis of the trans- 
fer is given in each case. If the name 
was published as new the original 
published locality is given. State- 
ments enclosed in brackets following 
the original locality ‘are based upon 
unpublished evidence. 

Forms (formae) are included in the 
Synonymy so far as they have been 
indexed in the grass herbarium. The 
index includes all forms recently 
published in this country. Misapplied 
names have not been included among 
the synonyms but are mentioned in 
a paragraph at the end of the syn- 
onymy of the valid species, and then 
only names that have appeared in 
recent manuals are given. For con- 
venience the names of the genera are 
arranged alphabetically and under 
each genus the valid names of the 
Species are given in alphabetic order 
in boldface type, the synonyms of 
each species (in italics) being arranged 
chronologically under the valid name. 

So far as possible the names have 
been confirmed or identified by exam- 
ination of the types. The type of a 
Species or variety is the specimen 
which an author had chiefly in mind 
when he wrote the original descrip- 
tion. The type specimen determines 


the application of the name. The type 
specimens of the early American bot- 
anists are mostly in European her- 
baria. The types of species described 
by Vasey and other botanists con- 
nected with the Department of Agri- 
culture are mostly in the United 
States National Herbarium. Types 
not in Washington have been studied 
in other herbaria and photographs 
and drawings made of them by the 
agrostologists of the Department of 
Agriculture, or have been lent by the 
curators of the herbaria in which they 
are deposited. Through the courtesy 
of these curators many fragments of 
types have been deposited in the 
United States National Herbarium. A 
few type specimens have not been 
located, and doubtless in some of 
these cases there are no types in exist- 
ence to confirm original descriptions. 
A relatively small number of pub- 
lished names still remain unidentifi- 
able. These names are listed following 
the synonymy. Certain exotic species, 
occasionally cultivated for ornament 
or for trial, have been included in 
notes appended to the genera to 
which they belong. It has not been 
practicable in all cases to verify the 
application of the names on a type 
basis, and the species are admitted 
under the names they bear in culti- 
vation. 
COMMON NAMES 

The common or English names of 
plants are often uncertain in their ap- 
plication, different plants bearing the 
same name or the same plant bearing 
different names in different localities. 
A recent work, Standardized Plant 
Names,*® recently reissued, has coor- 
dinated and standardized the com- 
mon names. One of the authors of this 
work, Frederick V. Coville, standard- 
ized the common names of the grasses 
for the first edition of this Manual. 

3 AMERICAN JOINT COMMITTEE ON HORTICULTURAL 
NOMENCLATURE. STANDARDIZED PLANT NAMES. Pre- 
pared by Olmsted, F. L., Coville, F. V., and Kelsey, 
H. P. 546 pp. Salem, Mass. 1923. (Revised by Kelsey, 


. P., and Dayton, W. A. 675 pp. Harrisburg, Pa. 
1942.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 13 


SCOPE OF THE MANUAL 

,The manual includes descriptions 
of all grasses known to grow in the 
continental United States, excluding 
Alaska. There are 169 numbered gen- 
era and 1,398 numbered species. Of 
these, 46 genera and 156 species are 
introduced, mostly from the Eastern 
Hemisphere. 

In addition to the numbered spe- 
cies, which may be considered per- 
manent constituents of the flora of 
the United States, there are 16 genera 
and 120 species that are known only 
as ballast plants, or as waifs, or are 
only rarely cultivated. These appear 
not to be established and are men- 
tioned, without numbers, in para- 
graphs appended to their nearest al- 
lies. They are not included in the keys. 

The manual is based mainly on the 
material in the United States Na- 
tional Herbarium, the grass collection 
of which is the largest in the world, 
numbering more than 320,000 sheets. 
In addition, all the larger collections 
of grasses in the United States have 
been consulted and the curators have 
lent specimens for study and have 
aided in other ways. Many smaller 
collections have contributed informa- 
tion, especially on the ranges of spe- 
cies. The cooperation of the Forest 
Service, United States Department of 
Agriculture, has been invaluable. The 
Forest Service maintains in its Wash- 
ington office a range-plant her- 
barium consisting of the collections 
made by forest officers, especially 
those located in western national 
forests and forest experiment stations. 
The grasses of this range-plant her- 
barium have been examined and have 
furnished important data on distribu- 
tion. 

Many botanists throughout the 
country have rendered valuable as- 
sistance in recent years by contribut- 
ing specimens that have added spe- 
cies previously unknown from the 
United States, have extended ranges, 
and have helped to solve the position 
of puzzling species and varieties.‘ 


Nearly all the numbered species are 
illustrated.6 About half are accom- 
panied by a map, giving the distribu- 
tion of that species in the United 
States. 

To aid the users of this work in pro- 
nouncing the Latin names the ac- 
cented syllable is indicated. The ac- 
cent mark is used to show the ac- 
cented syllable without reference to 
the length of the vowel. 


GRAMINEAE (POACEAE), THE 
GRASS FAMILY 


Flowers perfect (rarely unisexual), 
small, with no distinct perianth, ar- 
ranged in spikelets consisting of a 
shortened axis (rachilla) and 2 to 
many 2-ranked bracts, the lowest 2 
being empty (the glumes, rarely one 
or both obsolete), the 1 or more suc- 
ceeding ones (lemmas) bearing in 
their axils a single flower, and, be- 
tween the flower and the rachilla, a 
second 2-nerved bract (the palea), the 
lemma, palea, and flower together 
constituting the floret; stamens 1 to 6, 
usually 3, with very delicate fila- 
ments and 2-celled anthers; pistil 1, 
with a 1-celled 1l-ovuled ovary, 2 


4 The more important are: A. A. Beetle, from Cali- 
fornia; E. E. Berkeley, from West Virginia; H. L. 
Blomquist, from North Carolina; W. E. Booth, from 
Montana; Clair Brown, from Louisiana; V. H. Chase, 
from Illinois, Arkansas, and Idaho; Earl Core, from 
West Virginia; R. A. Darrow, from Arizona; 
Davis, from Idaho; Charles C. Deam and J. E. 
Potzger, from Indiana; H. I. Featherly, from Okla- 
homa; M. L. Fernald, from Northeastern States and 
Virginia; A. O. Garrett, from Utah; L. N. Goodding, 
from the Southwest; F. W. Gould, from Arizona and 
California; C. R. Hanes, from Michigan; H. 
Harrington, from Colorado; Bertrand Harrison, from 
Utah; R. F. Hoover and John Thomas Howell, from 
California; T. H. Kearney, from Arizona; John and 
Charlotte Reeder, California to Michigan; and W. A. 
Silveus, from Texas and other Southern States. 

Jason R. Swallen, Curator, Division of Grasses, 
U.S. National Museum, has given valuable assistance. 
The bibliography is based on the catalog of grass 
names maintained in the Division of Grasses, this 
catalog being the work, over some 35 years, of Cornelia 
D. Niles, bibliographer. F. A. McClure, bamboo spe- 
cialist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, contributed 
the economic notes on bamboos and has aided in the 
elucidation of the native species of bamboos. 

5 The drawings illustrating the genera (previously 
published in the U. S. Department of Agriculture 
Bulletin 772, the Genera of Grasses of the United 
States...) and nearly half of the others were made by 
Mary Wright Gill; the rest were drawn by Edna May 
Whitehorn, Frances C. Weintraub, Leta Hughey, and 
Agnes Chase. The last-named made most of the 
spikelet drawings. In each case the specimen from 
which the drawing was made is cited, for example 
(Nash 2198, Fla.), 


14 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U 


(rarely 1 or 3) styles, and usually 
plumose stigmas; fruit a caryopsis 
with starchy endosperm and a small 
embryo at the base on the side oppo- 
site the hilum. 

Herbs, or rarely woody plants, with 
hollow or solid stems (culms) closed at 
the nodes, and 2-ranked usually 
parallel-veined leaves, these consist- 
ing of 2 parts, the sheath, enveloping 
the culm, its margins overlapping or 
sometimes grown together, and the 
blade, usually flat; between the 2 on 
the inside, a membranaceous hyaline 
or hairy appendage (the ligule). 

The spikelets are almost always ag- 
gregated in spikes or panicles at the 
ends of the main culms or branches. 
The perianth is usually represented 
by 2 (rarely 3) small hyaline scales 
(the lodicules) at the base of the 
flower inside the lemma and _ palea. 
The grain or caryopsis (the single seed 
and the adherent pericarp) may be 
free, as in wheat, or permanently en- 
closed in the lemma and palea, as in 
the oat. Rarely the seed is free from 
the pcricarp, as in species of Sporo- 


. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


bolus and Eleusine. The culms of bam- 
boos are woody, as are also those of a 
few genera, such as Olyra and Las- 
acis, belonging to other tribes. The 
culms are solid in our species of the 
tribes Tripsaceae and Andropogoneae 
and in several other groups. The mar- 
gins of the sheaths are grown together 
in some species of Bromus, Danthonia, 
Festuca, Melica, Glyceria, and other 
genera. 

The parts of the spikelet may be 
modified in various ways. The first 
glume, and more rarely also the sec- 
ond, may be wanting. The lemmas 
may contain no flower, or even no 
palea, or may be reduced or rudi- 
mentary. Rarely, as in species of 
Agrostis and Andropogon, the palea is 
obsolete. 

The division of the family into two 
subfamilies is somewhat artificial. 
The tribes Zoysieae, Oryzeae, Zi- 
zanieae, and especially Phalarideae, 
do not fall definitely into either of the 
recognized subfamilies. They are 
placed as indicated largely for con- 
venience. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SUBFAMILIES AND KEYS TO THE TRIBES 
SUBFAMILY 1. FESTUCOIDEAE 

Spikelets 1- to many-flowered, the reduced florets, if any, above the perfect 

florets (except in Phalarideae; sterile lemmas below as well as above in Ctenzum, 


Uniola, and Blepharidachne); articulation usually above the glumes; spikelets 
usually more or less laterally compressed. 


Key to the tribes of Festucoideae 


Plants woody, the culms perennial. Spikelets several-flowered........ ile 


BAMBUSEAE (p. 27) 


Plants herbaceous, the culms annual (somewhat woody and persistent in Arundo). 
Spikelets with 2 (rarely 1) staminate, neuter, or rudimentary lemmas unlike and below 
the fertile lemma; no sterile or rudimentary floret above......8.. PHALARIDEAE (p. 547) 
Spikelets without sterile lemmas below the perfect floret (or these rarely present and like 
the fertile ones, a dissimilar pair below and a rudimentary floret above in Blephari- 


dachne). 


Spikelets unisexual, falling entire, 1-flowered, terete or nearly so. 


10. ZIZANIEAE (p. 561) 


Spikelets perfect (rarely unisexual but then not as above), usually articulate above the 


glumes. / 


Spikelets articulate below the glumes, 1-flowered, very flat, the lemma and palea 
about equal, both keeled. Glumes small or wanting......-- 9. ORYZEAE (p. 556) 
Spikelets articulate above the glumes (rarely below, but the glumes, at least one, 


well developed). 


Spikelets 1-flowered (or the staminate 2-flowered) in groups (short spikes) of 2to 5 
(single in Zoysia), the groups racemose along a main axis, falling entire; lemma 
and palea thinner than the glumes..................-.------------ 6. ZOYSIEAE (p. 482) 


Spikelets not as above. 


Spikelets sessile on a usually continuous rachis (short-pedicellate in Leptochloa 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 15 


and Trichoneura; the rachis disarticulating in Monerma, Parapholis, Hor- 
deum, Sitanion, and in a few species of allied genera. See also Brachypo- 
dium in Festuceae.) 


Spikelets on opposite sides of the rachis; spike terminal, solitary. 
3. Horprak (p. 230) 
Spikelets on one side of the rachis; spikes usually more than 1, digitate or 
PACEMOSON 22 sete Be ae tal ee ol 7. CHLORIDEAE (p. 491) 
Spikelets pedicellate in open or contracted, sometimes spikelike, panicles, rarely 
racemes. 


Spikelets 1-flowered (occasionally some of the spikelets 2-flowered in a few 


species of Muhlenbergia)............------------------------ 5. AGROSTIDEAE (p. 313) 
Spikelets 2- to many-flowered. 


Glumes as long as the lowest floret, usually as long as the spikelet (some- 
times shorter in Sphenopholis) ; lemmas awned from the back (spikelets 
awnless in species of T’risetum, Koeleria, Sphenopholis, and Schismus). 

4. AVENEAE (p. 280) 

Glumes shorter than the first floret (except in Dissanthelium with long 
rachilla joints, andin T'ridens strictus); lemmas awnless or awned from 
thetipior roma bifid} apex. 2. FestucBak (p. 31) 


SUBFAMILY 2. PANICOIDEAE 


Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal floret (disregarding those of the few 
monoecious genera and the staminate and neuter spikelets) and a sterile or 
staminate floret below, usually represented by a sterile lemma only, 1 glume 
sometimes (rarely both glumes) wanting; articulation below the spikelets, 
either in the pedicel, in the rachis, or at the base of a cluster of spikelets, the 
spikelets falling entire, singly, in groups, or together with joints of the rachis; 
spikelets, or at least the fruits, more or less dorsally compressed. 


Key to the tribes of Panicoideae 
Glumes membranaceous, the sterile lemma like the glumes in texture. 


Fertile lemma and palea thinner than the glumes. Sterile lemma awned from the notched 


summit wi aa Mee “allies ONIN Mah aia, ree Meo tae aS ESV ANNO es eae 11. MELINIDEAE (p. 569) 
Fertile lemma and palea indurate or at least firmer than the glumes. 


: 12. PAaNIcEAE (p. 569) 
Glumes indurate; fertile lemma and palea hyaline or membranaceous, the sterile lemmal ike 
the fertile one in texture. 


Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate below, the staminate above, in the same inflorescence 
or in separate inflorescences............-...22-.222.2222ee2eeeeee eee 14. TRIPSACEAE (p. 789) 
Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and perfect, the other pedicellate and usually staminate or 
neuter (the pedicellate one sometimes obsolete, rarely both pedicellate). Lemmas 
| A/S OU Sy 5 ae a ol N a e Re c 13. ANDROPOGONEAE (p. 737) 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TRIBES AND KEYS TO THE GENERA 
TRIBE 1. BAMBUSEAE 


Culms woody, perennial, usually hollow; spikelets 2- to several-flowered, 
in panicles or racemes, or in close heads or fascicles; often 1 or more sterile 
lemmas at base of spikelet; lemmas usually awnless; blades usually articulated 
with the sheath, flat, rather broad. Only one genus, Arwndinaria, is native 


within our limits. Several species of this and other genera are cultivated in 
the Southern States. 


TRIBE 2. FESTUCEAE 


Spikelets more than 1-flowered, usually several-flowered, in open, narrow, 
or sometimes spikelike panicles (rarely in racemes); lemmas awnless or awned 
from the tip, rarely from between the teeth of a bifid apex; rachilla usually 
disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets. 

A large and important tribe, mainly inhabitants of the cooler regions. The 
lemma is divided into several awns in Pappophorum and its allies, is deeply 
2-lobed in Triplasis and in a few species of T'ridens, 3-lobed in Blepharidachne, 


16 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


several-toothed in Orcuttia, and slightly 2-toothed in Bromus and in a few other 
genera, the awn, when single, arising from between the teeth. The paleas are 
persistent upon the continuous rachilla in many species of Hragrostis. Scleropo- 
gon, Monanthochloé, Distichlis, Hesperochloa and a few species of Poa and 
Eragrostis are dioecious. Gyneritum, Cortaderia, Arundo, Phragmites, and 
Neyraudia are tall reeds. In Blepharidachne there is a pair of sterile florets at 
the base of the single fertile floret, and a rudiment above. In some species of 
Melica there is, above the fertile florets, a club-shaped rudiment consisting of 
1 or more sterile lemmas. In Unzola there are 1 to 4 sterile lemmas below the 
fertile ones. In Melica imperfecta and M. torreyana there may be only 1 perfect 
floret. 


Key to the genera of Festuceae 


la. Plants dioecious, (sometimes monoecious), the sexes very dissimilar, the pistillate lem- 
mas with 3 long twisted divergent awns, the staminate lemma awnless or mucronate. 
41. ScLEROPOGON. 
1b. Plants with perfect flowers, or, if dioecious, the sexes not dissimilar in appearance. 
2a. Lemmas divided at the summit into 5 to several awns or awnlike lobes. 
Awnlike lobes 5. Inflorescence an erect raceme or simple panicle........ 36. ORCUTTIA. 
Awns 9 or more. 
Awns unmixed with awned teeth; all the florets falling attached, their awns form- 
ing a pappuslike crown, the lower | to 3 fertile; panicles narrow. 
Spikelets 3-flowered, the first floret fertile; awns 9, plumose, equal. 
40. ENNEAPOGON. 
Spikelets 4- to 6-flowered, the lower 1 to 3 fertile; awns numerous, not plumose, 


UTC CU ec Dg de eee 39. PAPPOPHORUM. 
Awns mixed with awned teeth; florets not falling attached, the rachilla disarticulat- 
ing between them; panicles somewhat open...................----.-------- 38. CoTTEA. 


2b. Lemmas awnless, with a single awn, or, if with 3, the lateral awns minute. 
3a. Tall stout reeds with large plumelike panicles. Lemmas or rachilla with long silky 
hairs as long as the lemmas. 


Leaves crowded at the base of the culms........-.....222222---o.2----ee------ 27. CORTADERIA. 
Leaves distributed along the culms. 
Lemmas naked. Rachilla hairy......-2.2.. ee 28. PHRAGMITES. 
Lemmas hairy. 
Rachilla naked *:......3.22 2.8 0 See 26. ARUNDO. 
Rachillaybairy.....-f2: ce 5 nee a sl a 29. NEYRAUDIA. 


3b. Low or rather tall grasses, rarely more than 1.5 m. tall. 
4a. Plants dioecious, perennial. 
Plants densely tufted, rather coarse, erect from short rhizomes; lemmas scabrous; 
grasses of dry mountain slopes.._........-..-..---------e-eene eee 11. HESPEROCHLOA. 
Plants not densely tufted, spreading by stolons or extensively creeping rhizomes; 
lemmas glabrous; grasses of salt or alkaline soil. 
Plants low, stoloniferous; spikelets obscure, scarcely differentiated from the short 
crowded rivid leaves=:2.. \is 2) ar ee ee 20. MoNANTHOCHLOE. 
Plants erect from creeping rhizomes; spikelets in narrow simple exserted panicles. 
21. DIsTIcHLISs. 
4b. Plants not dioecious (except in a few species of Poa with villous lemmas and in 
an annual species of Hragrostis). 
5a. Spikelets of two forms, sterile and fertile intermixed. Panicle dense, somewhat 


one-sided. 
Fertile spikelets 2- or 3-flowered; sterile spikelets with numerous rigid awn- 
tipped lemmas; panicle dense, spikelike.............-..--_-----.--.- 24. CYNOSURUS. 


Fertile spikelets with 1 perfect floret, long-awned; sterile spikelets with many 
obtuse sterile lemmas; panicle branchlets short, nodding.... 25. LAMARCKIA. 
5b. Spikelets all alike in the same inflorescence. 
6a. Lemmas 3-nerved, the nerves prominent, often hairy. 
7a. Inflorescence a few-flowered head or capitate panicle overtopped by the 
leaves or partly concealed in them. Lemmas toothed or cleft; low plants 
of the arid regions. 
Inflorescence hidden among the sharp-pointed leaves, not woolly; plants 
annual (Chlorides): eet rsest or a ieee eee 114. Munroa. 
Inflorescence a capitate woolly panicle, not concealed; plants perennial. 
Lemmas cleft either side of the midnerve to near the base, the lower two 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 17 


sterile, the third floret fertile, the fourth reduced to a 3-awned rudi- 
TVET Geet nes We eA NEAT SAILS NOT WSO we oa 37. BLEPHARIDACHNE. 
Lemmas 2-lobed but not deeply cleft, all fertile but the uppermost. 
33. TRIDENS. 
7b. Inflorescence an exserted open or spikelike panicle. 
8a. Lemmas pubescent on the nerves or callus (except in Tridens albescens), 
the midnerve usually exserted as an awn or mucro. 
Nerves glabrous. Callus densely hairy; lemmas firm; panicle large, diffuse. 
REDFIELDIA. 
Nerves hairy at least below, the lateral ones often conspicuously so. 
Palea densely long-ciliate on the upper half_._............. 34. TRIPLASIS. 
Palea sometimes villous but not long-ciliate on the upper half. Peren- 
sad Pe4 [oj U yas Sas UBS EE) a Ae ies ke am 8 04 pee acct 2 E46 2 ea 33. ‘TRIDENS. 
8b. Lemmas not pubescent on the nerves nor callus (the internerves some- 
times pubescent), awnless. 
Glumes longer than the lemmas; lateral nerves of lemma marginal, the 
internerves pubescent............-...-...-------2----------- 18. DISSANTHELIUM. 
Glumes shorter than the lemmas; lateral nerves of lemma not marginal, 
the internerves glabrous. 
Lemmas chartaceous; grain large, beaked, at maturity forcing the 
lemmiasand*paleaopent:: 22906 oo 17. DIARRHENA. 
Lemmas membranaceous; if firm, the grain neither large nor beaked. 
Spikelets subterete; palea longer than the lemma, bowed out below. 
16. Mouinta. 
Spikelets compressed; palea not longer than the lemma, not bowed 
out below (except in Hragrostis oxylepis and E. sessilispica). 
Lemmas truncate; spikelets 2-flowered... 15. CATABROSA. 
Lemmas acute or acuminate; spikelets 13 to many-flowered. 
Rachilla continuous, the paleas persistent after the fall of the 
lemmas (rachilla disarticulating in Sect. Cataclastos). 
14. ERAGROSTIS. 
6b. Lemmas 5- to many-nerved, the nerves sometimes obscure. 
Spikelets with 1 to 4 empty lemmas below the fertile florets; nerves obscure; 
lemmrimar starry 17 2b wir Bak Wreath ELT eh Lae 2g ee 22. UNIOLA. 
Spikelets with no empty lemmas below the fertile florets; nerves usually 
prominent; lemmas membranaceous (firm in a few species of Bromus and 


Festuca). 
Lemmas flabellate; glumes wanting; inflorescence dense, cylindric. Low 
Pa TUS CuI eC eee Oe hg Ot Ne a a 35. NEOSTAPFIA. 


Lemmas not flabellate; glumes present; inflorescence not cylindric. 
Lemmas as broad as long, the margins outspread; florets closely imbricate, 
horizontallivispreading. ors A ee ers tise Shei s a 13. Briza. 
Lemmas longer than broad, the margins clasping the palea; florets not 
horizontally spreading. 
Callus of florets bearded. 
Lemmas erose at summit, awnless._.......------- 9. ScoLocHLoa. 
Lemmas bifid at summit, awned.._..........-.---... 31. SCHIZACHNE. 
Callus not bearded (lemmas cobwebby at base in Poa). Lemmas not 
erose (slightly in Puccinellia). 
9a. Lemmas keeled on the back (somewhat rounded in Poa scabrella 
and its allies). 

Spikelets strongly compressed, crowded in 1-sided clusters at the 
ends of the stiff, naked panicle branches ...... 23. DacryY.is. 

Spikelets not strongly compressed, not crowded in 1-sided clusters. 

Lemmas awned from a minutely bifid apex (awnless or nearly 
so in Bromus catharticus and B. brizaeformis); spikelets 
targeue isk cies Manet) AE PATTIE US SOL RE EEN | 2. Bromus. 

Lemmas awnless; spikelets small... 12) e-ROAS 

9b. Lemmas rounded on the back (slightly keeled toward the summit 
in Festuca and Bromus). 

Glumes papery; lemmas firm, strongly nerved, scarious-margined ; 
upper florets sterile, often reduced to a club-shaped rudiment 
infolded by the broad upper lemmas. Spikelets tawny or pur- 
Plush susually mot.ereemis fe i) sl ee be a 30. MbBu.ica. 

Glumes not papery; upper florets not unlike the others. 

Nerves of lemma parallel, not converging at summit or but 
slightly so, 


18 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Spikelets in racemes. 
Racemes short, dense, overtopped by the leaves; spikelets 


BWHICSS hoe ee eee 8. ScLEROCHLOA. 
Racemes elongate, loose, exserted; spikelets awned or mu- 
Cronate15 3 tie Fe re 10. PLEUROPOGON. 


Spikelets in open or contracted panicles. 
Nerves prominent; plants usually rather tall, growing in 
woods or fresh-water marshes.............. 7. GLYCERIA. 
Nerves faint; plants low, growing in saline soil. 
6. PUCCINELLIA. 
Nerves of lemma converging toward the summit, the lemmas 
narrowed at apex. 

Lemmas awned or awn-tipped from a minutely bifid apex 
(awnless in Bromus brizaeformis); palea adhering to the 
caryopsis. 

Spikelets in open to contracted panicles; stigmas borne at 
the sides of the summit of ovary............ 2. Bromus. 
Spikelets nearly sessile in a strict raceme; stigmas terminal 
on the ovary= a2 ae een 3. BRACHYPODIUM. 

Lemmas entire, pointed, awnless or awned from the tip (mi- 

nutely toothed in Festuca elmeri and F. gigantea). 
Spikelets awned (awnless in a few perennial species) ; lem- 
FAAS DOMbC Gs ee ee 4, FESTUCA. 
Spikelets awnless. 
Second glume 5- to 11-nerved; spikelets mostly 1 cm. or 
more long; lemmas broad. 
Florets persistent on the continuous rachilla, the cary- 


opsis falling free. == 2-2 32A. EcToSPERMA. 
Florets falling together with the joints of the articulate 
rachllas 22ers 32. VASEYOCHLOA. 


Second glume 1- to 3-nerved; spikelets smaller; lemmas 
5-nerved, membranaceous, not pointed. 

Spikelets on slender pedicels in compound panicles; 

perennials 4... =... oe eee A A ef aye 

Spikelets on thick short pedicels in simple panicles; 

annual. Rachilla disarticulating at the base, form- 

ing a stipe to the floret above... 5. ScLEROPOA. 


TRIBE 3. HORDEAE 


Spikelets 1- to several-flowered, sessile on opposite sides of a jointed or con- 
tinuous axis forming symmetrical spikes (not 1-sided, but spikelets sometimes 
turned to one side in some species). 

This small but important tribe, found in the temperate regions of both 
hemispheres, includes our most important cereals, wheat, barley, and rye. 
The rachis is flattened or concave next to the spikelets, or in some genera is 
thickened and hollowed out, the spikelets being more or less enclosed in the 
hollows. In Tritzcwm and its allies there is 1 spikelet at each node of the rachis; 
in Hordeum and its allies there are 2 or 3 at each node. In Lolium and its 
allies the spikelets are placed edgewise to the rachis, and the first or inner 
glume is suppressed except in the terminal spikelet. The rachis of the spikes 
disarticulates at maturity in several genera. In some species of Elymus and 
especially in Sztanion the glumes are very slender, extending into long awns, 
in the latter genus sometimes divided into several slender bristles. The spikes 
are rarely branched or compound, especially in Elymus condensatus. In this 
tribe the blades of the leaves usually bear on each side at the base a small 
appendage or auricle. 


Key to the genera of Hordeae 
la. Spikelets solitary at each node of the rachis (rarely 2 in species of Agropyron, but never 
throughout). 


2a. BPE ee LOmerets sunken in hollows in the rachis. Spikes slender, cyclindric; low 
annuals. 


—— 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 19 


Lemmas awned; florets lateral to the rachis.................0..20-.2222...--. 53. SCRIBNERIA. 
Lemmas awnless; florets dorsiventral to the rachis. 
Binstre lumenal tin pet sey eeen ee ee UAE Su ee he eh Meise aa 51. MonerMa. 
First glume present, the pair standing in front of the spikelet...... 52. PARAPHOLIS. 


2b. Spikelets 2- to several-flowered, not sunken in the rachis. 
Spikelets placed edgewise to the rachis. First glume wanting except in the terminal 
SJL Sie eee Ue TN TT ee Sos Nig 2 Re Oa ae SI ey os) 50. Lo.uium. 
Spikelets placed flatwise to the rachis. 


Reet sape Ge Tara Net lees sa Siete at EN eae Noh SOR Ui ts ei 42. AGROPYRON. 
Plants annual. 


Spikelets turpi drone ydamedric iss ne eh eee ha 44, A®GILOPS. 
Spikelets compressed. 
Clummesiovaterd-nenved 222i ie ecu tN ia ye eats Se ee 43. TRITICUM. 
Ghimesicubulate; lenerveds 20nd ve eee el 45. SECALE. 


1b. Spikelets more than 1 at each node of the rachis (solitary in part of the spike in some 
species of Hlymus). 
Spikelets 3 at each node of the rachis, 1-flowered, the lateral pair pediceled, usually re- 
auCedEtorawaise Sener neh ty poe Ne ie ee 49. HorpEvumM. 
Spikelets 2 or more (sometimes solitary in Hlymus) at each node of the rachis, alike, 2- to 
6-flowered. 
Glumes wanting or reduced to 2 short bristles; spikelets horizontally spreading or 
ascending at maturity. Spikes very loose...................2--.2------------------- 48. Hysrrix. 
Glumes usually equaling the florets (reduced in Elymus interruptus) ; spikelets appressed 
or ascending. 
Rachis continuous (rarely tardily disarticulating); glumes broad or narrow, entire. 
46. KELyMus. 
Rachis disarticulating at maturity; glumes subulate, extending into long awns, these 
and the awns of the lemmas making the spike very bristly........ 47. SITANION. 


TRIBE 4. AVENEAE 


Spikelets 2- to several-flowered in open or contracted panicles, or rarely in 
racemes (solitary in Danthonia unispicata), glumes usually as long as or longer 
than the first lemma, commonly longer than all the florets; lemmas usually 
awned from the back or from between the teeth of a bifid apex, the awn 
usually bent, often twisted, the callus and rachilla joints usually villous. 

A rather small tribe widely distributed in both warm and cool regions. In 
our genera the rachilla is prolonged beyond the upper floret as a slender stipe 
(except in Azra and. Holcus). The lemma is awnless or nearly so in Schismus, 
two species of Trisetwm, one species of Koeleria, and in most of the species of 
Sphenopholis. Koeleria and Sphenopholis are placed in this tribe because they 
appear to be closely allied to T'risetum with which they agree in having oblan- 
ceolate glumes about as long as the first floret. 


Key to the genera of Aveneae 
Florets 2, one perfect, the other staminate. 
Lower floret staminate, the awn twisted, geniculate, exserted.... 63. ARRHENATHERUM. 
Lower floret perfect, awnless; upper floret awned...................2..---------2--------+ 64. Ho.cus. 
Florets 2 or more, all alike except the reduced upper ones. 
Articulation below the glumes, the spikelets falling entire. 
Lemmas, at least the upper, with a conspicuous bent awn; glumes nearly alike. 
57. TRISETUM. 
Lemmas awnless or (in S. pallens) the upper with a short awn; second glume much 
MAC eLRUOamntiNe Mis Gc Ni MeN ac Si ee ae 56. SPHENOPHOLIS. 
Articulation above the glumes, the glumes similar in shape. 
Lemmas bifid at apex, awned or mucronate between the lobes. Spikelets several- 


flowered. 
Awns conspicuous, flat, bent. Spikelets 1 cm. or more long............ 66. DANTHONIA. 
Awns minute or nearly obsolete. 

Spilkeletskencoulaumm, Jonge: 0.02 ce eee OU 65. SIEGLINGIA. 


Spikelets not more than 5 mm. long; awns, when present, slender, rounded. 
54. ScHISMUS. 
Lemmas toothed, but not bifid and awned or mucronate between the lobes. 
Glumes 2 to 3.5 cm. long, 7- to 9-nerved; spikelets 2-flowered, or with a rudimentary 
third sforet? pendulous; Plants annual! {2.40 . 61. AVENA. 


20 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Glumes not more than 1 em. long, 1- to 5-nerved; spikelets not pendulous. 


Spikelets 3- to several-flowered, 1 to 1.5 cm. long..-........... 62. HELICTOTRICHON. 
Spikelets 2-flowered (or 3-flowered in Trisetum cernuum), mostly less than 1 cm. 
long. 


Lemmas keeled, the awn when present from above the middle. 
Rachilla joints very short, glabrous or minutely pubescent; lemmas awnless 


or with a straight awn from a toothed apex.................... 55. KOELERIA. 
Rachilla joints slender, villous; lemmas with a dorsal bent awn (awnless or 
nearly so in 2 'species) -2---: 02: ee ee eee 57. TRISETUM. 


Lemmas convex, awned from below the middle. 
Rachilla prolonged behind the upper floret; lemmas truncate and erose-dentate 


at summit. 
Awnslender: not: jointed:2_- sa ee eee 58. DESCHAMPSIA. 
Awn clavate, jointed near the middle... 60. CORYNEPHORUS. 
Rachilla not prolonged; lemmas tapering into 2 slender teeth... 59. AIRA. 


TRIBE 5. AGROSTIDEAE 


Spikelets 1-flowered, usually perfect, in open, contracted, or spikelike pan- 
icles, but not in true spikes nor in 1|-sided racemes. 

A large and important tribe, inhabiting more especially the temperate and 
cool regions. The articulation of the rachilla is usually above the glumes, the 
mature floret falling from the persistent glumes, but in a few genera the articu- 
lation is below the glumes, the mature spikelet falling entire (Alopecurus, 
Cinna, Polypogon, Lycurus, and Limnodea). The palea is small or wanting in 
Alopecurus and in some species of Agrostis. In a few genera the rachilla is pro- 
longed behind the palea as a minute bristle, or sometimes as a more pro- 
nounced stipe (Brachyelytrum, Limnodea, Cinna, Gastridium, Calamagrostis, 
Ammophila, Lagurus, Apera, and a few species of Agrostis). In some genera 
the rachilla joint between the glumes and the lemma is slightly elongated, 
forming a hard stipe-which remains attached to the mature fruit as a pointed 
callus. The callus is well marked in Stipa (especially in S. spartea and its 
allies) and in Arvzstida, the mature lemma being terete, indurate, and con- 
volute, the palea wholly enclosed. In many genera the lemma is awned either 
from the tip or from the back, the awn being trifid in Aristida. 


Key to the genera of Agrostideae 


Glumes wantine. Low annuaglas 2 2. hs oats ce ee ee 73. COLEANTHUS. 
Glumes present (the first obsolete in Muhlenbergia schreberi and sometimes in Brachyelytrum 
and Phipps7a). 
la. Articulation below the glumes, the spikelets falling entire. 
Spikelets in pairs in a spikelike panicle, one perfect, the other staminate or neuter, the 


pair falling torether.....22:' 5) = eee A ee 78. Lycurus. 
Spikelets all alike. 
Glumes:long-a wed... see F inp ee ae eee leg eel 77. POLYPOGON. 


Glumes awnless. 
Rachilla not prolonged behind the palea; panicle dense. 
Glumes united toward the base, ciliate on the keel; inflorescence not capitate 
and. bracteates 2.0:55.5 ficient aa Pe eee 76. ALOPECURUS. 
Glumes not united, glabrous; inflorescence capitate in the axils of broad bracts. 
85. CRYPSIS. 
Rachilla prolonged behind the palea; panicle narrow or open, not dense; glumes 
not united, not ciliate on the keel. 

Panicle narrow; lemma with a slender bent twisted awn from the bifid apex. 
75. LIMNODEA. 
Panicle open, drooping; lemma with a minute straight awn just below the entire 


apex (rarely awnless) 22<...6:2 5 ee Ee 74. CINNA. 
ib. Articulation above the glumes. 
Fruit dorsally compressed, indurate, smooth, and shining, awnless.......... 88. Mitrum. 


Fruit laterally compressed or terete, awned or awnless. : 
2a. eeu indurate, terete, awned, the nerves obscure; callus well developed, oblique, 
earded. 
Awn trifid, the lateral divisions sometimes short, rarely obsolete (when obsolete no 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 21 


line of demarcation between awn and lemma as in the next).... 92. ARISTIDA. 

Awn simple, a line of demarcation between the awn and the lemma. 

Awn persistent, twisted, and bent, several to many times longer than the drat 
Edges of lemma overlapping (rarely only meeting), enclosing the palea; callus 
sharp-pointed, usually narrow and acuminate.............-....--.-.-.- 91. Stipa. 
Edges of lemma not meeting, exposing the indurate sulcus of the palea, this 

projecting from the summit as a minute point; callus short, acutish. 
90. PIPTOCHAETIUM. 
Awn deciduous, not twisted, sometimes bent, rarely more than 3 or 4 times as 
long as the plump fruit; callus short, usually obtuse ........ 89. ORyzopsIs. 

2b. Fruit thin or firm, but not indurate; callus not well developed. 

Lemma firm, subindurate at maturity, bearing a long delicate straight awn just 
below the tip; palea about as long as the lemma, the naked rachilla produced 
Dae KeOle tei all Ca we ere ie ee GS Te ee 70. APERA. 

Lemma thin or membranaceous. 

3a. Glumes longer than the lemma (nearly equal in Agrostis thurberiana and A. 
aequivalis). 
Panicle feathery, capitate, nearly as broad as long; spikelets woolly. 
81. Lacurus. 
Panicle not feathery; spikelets not woolly. 
Glumes compressed-carinate, stiff-ciliate on the keel; panicle dense, cylin- 
Grichorrellipsoidincie | iti oes eee Ol ee 79. PHLEUM. 
Glumes not compressed-carinate, not ciliate. 
Glumes saccate at base; lemma long-awned; panicle contracted, shining. 
80. GASTRIDIUM. 
Glumes not saccate at base; lemma awned or awnless; panicle open or 
contracted. 

Floret bearing a tuft of hairs at the base from the short callus; palea 
well developed, the rachilla prolonged behind the palea (except in 
Calamagrostis epigetos) as a hairy bristle.... 67. CALAMAGROSTIS. 

Floret without hairs at the base or with short hairs (nearly half as long 
as the lemma in A. halliz); palea usually small or obsolete (developed 
and with a minute rachilla back of it in Nos. 1 to 8). 

71. AGROSTIS. 
3b. Glumes not longer than the lemma, usually shorter (the awn tips longer in 
Muhlenbergia racemosa and M. glomerata). 
Lemma awned from the tip or mucronate, 3- to 5-nerved (lateral nerves 
obscure in a few species of M uhlenbergia). 
Rachilla prolonged behind the palea; floret stipitate; glumes minute or 
OW SOle te ere et ee Eee NE eee OT 87. BRACHYELYTRUM. 
Rachilla not prolonged; floret not stipitate................ 82. MUHLENBERGIA. 
Lemma awnless or awned from the back. 
Floret bearing a tuft of hairs at the base from the short callus; lemma and 
palea chartaceous, awnless. 


Panicle spikelike; rachilla prolonged. 32 0226s 68. AMMOPHILA. 

Panicle open; rachilla not PKOLOMP Ed eee oe es 69. CALAMOVILFA. 
Floret without hairs at base. 

Nerves oflemmia, silky! ost oe ee eo 84. BLEPHARONEURON. 


Nerves of lemma not silky. 

Caryopsis at maturity falling from the lemma and palea; seed loose in 

the pericarp, this usually opening when ripe; lemma 1-nerved. 
83. SPOROBOLUS. 
Caryopsis not falling from the lemma and palea, remaining permanently 

enclosed in them; seed adnate to the pericarp. 
Panicle few-flowered, slender, rather loose; glumes minute, unequal, 
the first often wanting. Low arctic-alpine perennial. 

72. PHIPPSIA. 
Panicle many-flowered, spikelike; glumes well developed, about 


equal. 
Panicle short, partly enclosed in the sheath; low annual. 
HELEOCHLOA. 
Panicle elongate; perennial.......................... 82. MUHLENBERGIA. 


TRIBE 6. ZOYSIEAE 


Spikelets subsessile in short spikes of 2 to 5 (single in Zoysia), each spike 
falling entire from the continuous axis, usually 1-flowered, all perfect, or perfect 


22 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and staminate together in the same spike; glumes usually firmer than the 
lemma and palea, sometimes awned, the lemma awnless. 

This small and unimportant tribe is known also as Nazieae. In Zoysia the 
spikelets are single and have only 1 glume, this coriaceous, much firmer than 
the lemma and palea, the palea sometimes obsolete. 


Key to the genera of Zoysieae 


Spikelets single: first slume wanting... ee 94. Zoysta. 
Spikelets in clusters of 2 to 5; first glume present. 


Spikelets bearing hooked spines on the second glume, the group forming a little bur. 
93. TrRaGuUs. 


Spikelets not bearing hooked spines, the second glume mostly cleft and awned. 
Groups of spikelets erect, the inflorescence not 1-sided...._...................---- 95. HILARIA. 
Groups of spikelets nodding along one side of the delicate axis............ 96. AEGOPOGON. 


TRIBE 7. CHLORIDEAE 


Spikelets 1- to several-flowered, in 2 rows on one side of a continuous 
rachis, forming l-sided spikes or spikelike racemes, these solitary, digitate, or 
racemose along the main axis. 

A large and rather important tribe, confined mostly to warm regions. 
The group is heterogeneous, the only common character of the genera (aside 
from the characters that place them in Festucoideae) being the arrangement 
of the spikelets in 1-sided spikes. Chloris and the allied genera form a coherent 
group, in which the spikelet consists of 1 perfect floret and, above this, 1 or 
more modified or rudimentary florets. Leptochloa, Eleusine, and their allies, 
with several-flowered spikelets, are more nearly related to certain genera 
of Festuceae. The spike is reduced to 2 or 3 spikelets or even to 1 spikelet and 
is sometimes deciduous from the main axis (Cathestecum and Sect. Atheropogon 
of Bouteloua). In Cteniwm there are 2 sterile florets below the perfect one. 


Key to the genera of Chlorideae 


Plants monoecious or dioecious. Low stoloniferous perennial....................-. 115. BUCHLOE. 
Plants with perfect flowers. 
la. Spikelets with more than 1 perfect floret. ; 
Inflorescence a few-flowered head or capitate panicle hidden among the sharp-pointed 
leaves: Low spreading annual... ee ee ee 114. Muwnroa. 
Inflorescence exserted. 
Spikes solitary, the spikelets distant, appressed, several-flowered.... 99. TRIPOGON. 
Spikes more than 1 (sometimes 1 in depauperate Eleusine). 
Spikes numerous, slender, racemose on an elongate axis. 
Rachilla and callus of floret glabrous or nearly so; glumes acute, less than 5 mm. 


Ka 0: ae PS sea eer |r rae RCO ee 2 97. LEPTOCHLOA. 
Rachilla and callus of floret strongly pilose; glumes long-acuminate, about 1 cm. 
VT geen Neh en eee 98. TRICHONEURA. 
Spikes few, digitate or nearly so. 
Rachis of spike extending beyond the spikelets.......... 101. DDAcTYLOCTENIUM. 
Rachis not prolongeds = 2. a= ee ee eS eee 100. ELEUSINE. 
1b. Spikelets with only 1 perfect floret, often with additional imperfect florets above or 


below. 
2a. Spikelets without additional modified florets, the rachilla sometimes prolonged. 
Rachilla articulate below the glumes, the spikelets falling entire. 


Glumes unequal; narrow. 05 24 2a. ee eee 107. SPARTINA. 
Glumes equal, broad, boat-shaped.- 3. 106. BECKMANNIA. 
Rachilla articulate above the glumes. 
Spike solitary, slender, arcuate............-...-.-------0--------- pa 102. MricrocHLoa. 
Spikes 2 to many. 
Spikes digitate; rachilla prolonged.:.2....he.<--.2e es 103. CYNODON. 


Spikes racemose along the main axis; rachilla not prolonged. j 
Spikes slender, divaricate, the main axis elongating and becoming loosely 
Spitalin fruity <2. ae ee eee 105. ScHEDONNARDUS. 
Spikes short and rather stout, appressed, the axis unchanged in fruit. 
. 104. WILLKOMMIA. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 23 


2b. Spikelets with 1 or more modified florets above the perfect one. 
Spikelets with 2 sterile florets below the perfect one; second glume bearing a squarrose 
spine on the back; spike single, arcuate...............-......2..2212----02 108. CTENIUM. 
Spikelets with no sterile florets below the perfect one; second glume without a 
squarrose spine. 
Spikes digitate or nearly so. 


Fertile lemma l-awned or awnless..........-...-------.-------0+--eccseeesneceeees 110. CuHutoris. 
ertilevlenma;s-awneds. 2.) eR ee Oe ase 111. TRicHLoris. 
Spikes racemose along the main axis. 
Spikelets distant, appressed; spikes slender, elongate....... 109. GyMNoPoGoN. 
Spikelets approximate or crowded, not appressed; spikes usually short and rather 
stout. 

Spikelets 3 in each spike, the 2 lateral staminate or rudimentary; spikes falling 

CE OTF St tet ne ek ee NB Coe a POE 113. CaATHESTECUM. 
Spikelets 2 to many (rarely 1) in each spike, all alike; spikes falling entire or 
persistent, the florets falling... 3.0)... i aa 112. BovurTE.ova. 


TRIBE 8. PHALARIDEAE 


Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal floret and, below this, a pair of staminate 
or neuter florets (1 sometimes obsolete in Phalaris). 

A small tribe of about 6 genera, 4 of which are found in the United States. 
In Phalaris the lower florets are reduced to minute scalelike lemmas closely 
appressed to the edges of the fertile floret. In Hierochloé the lateral florets are 
staminate and as large as the fertile floret. 


Key to the genera of Phalarideae 


Lower florets staminate; spikelets brown, shining...............-....----.------- 116. H1eROcHLOE. 
Lower florets neuter; spikelets green or yellowish. 
Lower florets consisting of awned hairy sterile lemmas exceeding the fertile floret. 
117. ANTHOXANTHUM. 
Lower florets reduced to small awnless scalelike lemmas, much smaller than the fertile 
| BLOUSE cea sel a Cea 8 ele SS ae A ena ee Ra 118. PHALARIS. 


TRIBE 9. ORYZEAE 


Spikelets 1-flowered, perfect, strongly laterally compressed, paniculate; 
glumes reduced or wanting; palea apparently 1-nerved; stamens 6. 

A small tribe whose affinities are not evident. It includes rice, the im- 
portant food plant. 


Key to the genera of Oryzeae 


Glumes minute; lemma often awned........................0--222se0ceeeeeeeeneeeeeeeneneceeeeeeneeeee 119. Oryza. 
Glumesswanting lemma, awnless. i. 0 ee 120. Leerrsta. 


TRIBE 10. ZIZANIEAE 


Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate terete or nearly so; glumes shorter than 
the lemma, usually 1 or both obsolete, the pedicel disarticulating below the 
spikelet. Glumes well developed in Pharus, a tropical genus placed in this 
tribe provisionally. 

A small tribe of uncertain affinities, aquatic or subaquatic grasses (except 
Pharus) of no economic importance except the Indian rice (Zzzania). 


Key to the genera of Zizanieae 


Bladesrelliqnttes.2.to:4emewide: 2.00... sn veh a es oe ed 125. PHARUS. 
Blades much longer than wide. 
Culms slender; plants low; staminate and pistillate spikelets borne in separate inflores- 


cences. 
Inflorescence a few-flowered raceme; floating aquatic.................... 124. Hyprocuioa. 
Inflorescence a panicle; plants stoloniferous....................-.---------------------- 128. Luzioua. 


Culms robust; plants tall; staminate and pistillate spikelets borne in the same panicle. 
Pistillate spikelets on the ascending upper branches, the staminate on the spreading 


24 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


_ lower branches of the panicle; plants annual or perennial... 121. ZIZANTA. 
Pistillate spikelets at the ends, the staminate below on the same branches of the panicle; 
plants perennial 2... 2 ee i eas, perm ieeeee 122. ZIZANIOPSIS. 


TRIBE 11. MELINIDEAE 


Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes, these very unequal, the first 
minute, the second and the sterile lemma equal, membranaceous, strongly 
nerved, the latter bearing a slender awn from the notched summit; fertile 
lemma and palea thinner in texture, awnless. 

A tribe of about a dozen genera represented in the United States by an in- 
troduced species, Melinis minutiflora. 


TRIBE 12. PANICEAE 


Spikelets with 1 perfect terminal floret and below this a sterile floret and 
2 glumes; fertile lemma and palea indurate or at least firmer than the glumes 
and sterile lemma, a lunate line of thinner texture at the back just above the 
base, the rootlet protruding through this at germination; articulation below 
the spikelet. 

A large tribe, confined mostly to warm regions, and containing relatively 
few economic species. The first glume is wanting in some genera, such as 
Paspalum, and rarely the second glume also (Rezmarochloa). The spikelets 
are usually awnless, but the glumes and sterile lemma are awned in Echinochloa 
and Oplismenus, and the second glume and sterile lemma in Rhynchelytrum. 
In Eriochloa and in some species of Brachiaria the fertile lemma is awn-tipped. 
In Setaria there are, beneath the spikelet, 1 or more bristles, these repre- 
senting sterile branchlets. In Pennisetum similar bristles form an involucre, 
falling with the spikelet. In Cenchrus the bristles are united, forming a bur. 
The spikelets are of 2 kinds in Amphicarpum, aerial and subterranean. The 
culms are woody and perennial in Lasiaczs and Olyra. 


Key to the genera of Paniceae 
Spikelets of two kinds. 
Spikelets all perfect, but those of the aerial panicle rarely perfecting grains, the fruitful 


spikelets borne on subterranean branches............-.---.--------------- 146. AMPHICARPUM. 
Spikelets unisexual, the pistillate above, the staminate below on the branches of the same 
panicle: Blades broad, elliptic: — 2 ee a ee ee 147. OLyra. 
Spikelets all of one kind. 
Spikelets sunken in the cavities of the flattened corky rachis........ 131. STENOTAPHRUM. 


Spikelets not sunken in the rachis. 
la. Spikelets subtended or surrounded by 1 to many distinct or more or less connate 
bristles, forming an involucre. 


Bristles persistent, the spikelets deciduous................--..------------------------ 148. SETARIA. 
Bristles falling with the spikelets at maturity. 
Bristles not united at base, slender, often plumose.................- 144. PENNISETUM. 


Bristles united into a burlike involucre, the bristles retrorsely barbed. 

145. CENCHRUS. 
1b. Spikelets not subtended by bristles. 
Glumes or sterile lemma awned (awn short and concealed in the silky hairs of the 
spikelet in Rhynchelytrum; awn reduced to a point in Echinochloa colonum). 
Inflorescence paniculate; spikelets silky.................-----.---- 142. RHYNCHELYTRUM. 
Inflorescence of unilateral simple or somewhat compound racemes along a common 
axis; spikelets smooth or hispid, not silky. 


Blades lanceolate, broad, thin; culms creeping..............-------- 140. OPpLISMENUS. 
Blades long, narrow; culms not creeping..........------------------- 141. EcHINOcHLOA. 


Glumes and sterile lemma awnless. 
2a. Fruit cartilaginous-indurate, flexible, usually dark-colored, the lemma with 
more or less prominent white hyaline margins, these not inrolled. 
Spikelets covered with long silky hairs, arranged in racemes, these panicled. 
128. TRICHACHNE. 
Spikelets glabrous or variously pubescent but not long-silky (somewhat silky in 
Digitaria villosa). 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 25 


Spikelets in slender racemes more or less digitate at the summit of the culms. 
129. Dierrarta. 
Spikelets in panicles. 
Fruiting lemma boat-shaped; panicles narrow........ 127. ANTHAENANTIA. 
Fruiting lemma convex; panicles diffuse.............-..-..------- 130. Leprotoma. 
2b. Fruit chartaceous-indurate, rigid. 

Spikelets placed with the back of the fruit turned away from the rachis of the 

racemes, usually solitary (not in pairs). 
First glume and the rachilla joint forming a swollen ringlike callus below the 


SDIKClEb: eee ca ei ers oh iene te re loidee 132. ERIOCHLOA. 

First glume present or wanting, not forming a ringlike callus below the spike- 
let. 

First glume present (next to the axis); racemes racemose along the main 

URIS ee Meee NADA DANG 4 wuetay bao Wes a Jlney ate ne ud 133. BRACHIARIA. 

First glume wanting; racemes digitate or subdigitate.._... 134. AXONOPUS. 


Spikelets placed with the back of the fruit turned toward the rachis (first glume, 
when present, away from the rachis) of the spikelike racemes or pedicellate 
in panicles. 

Fruit long-acuminate; both glumes wanting................ 185. REIMAROCHLOA. 
Fruit not long-acuminate; at least one glume present. 
First glume typically wanting; spikelets plano-convex, subsessile in spikelike 
MACOCTVOS tine NE Os ella alah bao ed ha al eee Viehaee tit 136. PASPALUM. 
First glume present; spikelets usually in panicles. 
Second glume inflated-saccate, this and the sterile lemma much exceeding 
the stipitate fruigic fa ae 139. SaccroLEPis. 
Second glume not inflated-saccate. 
Culms woody, bamboolike; fruit with a tuft of down at the apex. 
138. Lasracis. 
Culms herbaceous; no tuft of down at the apex of the fruit. 
137. Panicum. 


TRIBE 13. ANDROPOGONEAE 


Spikelets in pairs along a rachis, the usual arrangement being one of the 
pair sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate and staminate or neuter, rarely 
wanting, only the pedicel present; fertile spikelet consisting of 1 perfect 
terminal floret and, below this, a staminate or neuter floret, the lemmas thin 
or hyaline, and 2 awnless glumes, 1 or usually both firm or indurate. 

A large tribe, confined mostly to warm regions. The rachis is usually jointed, 
disarticulating at maturity, with the spikelets attached to the joints. In a few 
genera it is thickened. Sometimes the racemes are shortened to 1 or 2 joints 
and borne on branches, the whole forming a panicle (as in Sorghum and 
Sorghastrum) instead of a series of racemes. In a few genera the spikelets of 
the pair are alike. In Trachypogon the fertile spikelet is pedicellate and the 
sterile one nearly sessile. The most important economic plants in this tribe are 
sugarcane and sorghum. 


Key to the genera of Andropogoneae 


la. Spikelets alike, all perfect. (See also Arthraxon and Sorghastrum in which pedicellate 
spikelets are not developed.) 
Spikelets surrounded by a copious tuft of soft hairs. 

Rachis continuous, the spikelets falling; the spikelets of the pair unequally pedicellate. 
Racemes in a narrow spikelike panicle; spikelets awnless................. 148. ImPHRATA. 
Racemes in a broad fan-shaped panicle; spikelets awned............ 149, MIscaNnTHUS. 

Rachis breaking up into joints at maturity with the spikelets attached; one spikelet 

sessile, the other pedicellate. 


P| DL CEIUSHUS FEA ATU ISS HAS ae ae lane Ne LP 150. SaccHARUM. 
Beopicelets apiece sens ta se 151. ERIANTHUS. 
Spikelets not surrounded by turfs of hairs; racemes few...............- 152. MicrosTEGium. 


lb. Spikelets unlike, the sessile perfect, the pedicellate sterile (sessile spikelet staminate, 
pedicellate spikelet perfect in Trachypogon. 
2a. Pedicel thickened, appressed to the thickened rachis joint (at least parallel to it) or 
adnate to it; spikelets awnless, appressed to the joint. 


26 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Rachis joint and pedicel adnate. Annuals. 


Perfect spikelet globose; sterile spikelet conspicuous.............. 164. HAcKELOCHLOA. 

Perfect spikelet oblong; sterile spikelet minute.. PATE 162. RorTrBoELtLtia. 

Rachis joint and pedicel distinct, the sessile spikelet appressed to them, its first glume 
lanceolate. 


Racemes subcylindric; rachis joints and pedicels glabrous, much thicker at the sum- 
mit, the spikelets sunken in the hollow below; sterile spikelet rudimentary. 
163. MANISURIS. 
Racemes flat; rachis joints and pedicels woolly, not much thicker at the summit; 
sterile spikelet staminate or neuter......-...2222--.22-2eee eee 161. ELYoNnuRvs. 
2b. Pedicel not thickened (if slightly so the spikelets awned), neither appressed nor adnate 
to the rachis joint, this usually slender; spikelets usually awned. 
3a. Fertile spikelet with a hairy-pointed callus, formed of the attached supporting 
rachis joint or pedicel; awns strong. 
Racemes reduced to a single joint, long-peduncled in a simple open panicle. 
158. CHRYSOPOGON. 
Racemes of several to many Joints, single. 
Primary spikelet subsessile, sterile, persistent on the continuous axis after the fall 


of the fertile pedicellate spikelet.} 2 bos Shares 160. TRACHYPOGON. 
Primary spikelet sessile, fertile; pedicellate spikelet sterile. Lower few to several 
pairs of spikelets all staminate or neuter... 159. HbrTEROPOGON. 


3b. Fertile spikelet without a callus (a short callus in Hyparrhenia), the rachis disarticu- 
lating immediately below the spikelet; awns slender. 
Blades ovate: Annual... 0G uoess Se eats) ere ime 153. ARTHRAXON. 
Blades narrow, elongate. 
Racemes of several to many joints, solitary, digitate, or aggregate in panicles. 


Lower pair of spikelets like the others of the raceme.......... 154. ANDROPOGON. 
Lower pair of spikelets sterile, awnless. Racemes in pairs on slender flexuous 
POCUNCIES sss 2 eee BCS Gt ht T, 5 Ree ics dee den eee 155. HypaRRHENIA. 


Racemes reduced to one or few joints, these mostly peduncled in a subsimple or 
compound panicle. - 
Pedicellate spikelets stamimate:..- 22.2:.-.-..-22s.-2.-0be-ccesceeceneneeeeeeo ee 156. SoRGHUM. 
Pedicellate spikelets wanting, the pedicel only present.-..... 157. SoRGHASTRUM. 


TRIBE 14. TRIPSACEAE 


Spikelets unisexual, the staminate in pairs, or sometimes in threes, 2-flow- 
ered, the pistillate usually single, 2-flowered, the lower floret sterile, em- 
bedded in hollows of the thickened articulate rachis and falling attached to the 
joints, or enclosed in a thickened involucre or sheath or, in Zea, crowded in 
rows on a thickened axis (cob); glumes membranaceous or thick and rigid, 
awnless; lemmas and palea hyaline, awnless. Plants monoecious. 

This small tribe of seven genera is scarcely more than a subtribe of Andro- 
pogoneae, differing chiefly in the total suppression of the sterile spikelet of a 
pair, the fertile spikelet being pistillate only and solitary; staminate spikelets 
paired. It is also known as Maydeae. 


Key to the genera of Tripsaceae 


Staminate and pistillate spikelets in separate inflorescences, the first in a terminal tassel, the 
second in the axils of the leaves. 
Pistillate spikes distinct, the spikelets embedded in the hardened rachis, this disarticulat- 
BAG: iG TATUNG =. ce es 167. EUCHLAENA. 
Pistillate spikes grown together forming an ear, the grains at maturity much exceeding 
the-@ltimes) 2.28 he Oa ee eee 168. Za. 
pe and pistillate spikelets in separate portions of the same inflorescence, the pistillate 
elow 
Spikes short, the 1- or 2-flowered pistillate portion enclosed in a beadlike shesune pred, 
165 OIx 
Spikes many-flowered, the pistillate portion breaking up into several 1-seeded joints; no 
beadlike sheathing bracts ee ee 166. TRIPSACUM. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 27 


DESCRIPTIONS OF GENERA AND SPECIES 
TRIBE 1. BAMBUSEAE 
1. ARUNDINARIA Michx. Cane 


Spikelets 8- to 12-flowered, large, compressed, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, shorter than the 
lemmas, the first sometimes wanting; lemmas papery, rather fragile, about 
11-nerved, acute, acuminate, mucronate or awn-tipped; palea about as long 
as the lemma or a little shorter, prominently 2-keeled, deeply sulcate between 
the keels; rachilla joints rather thick, appressed-hirsute; stamens 3; caryopsis 
narrowly elliptic, terete, 1 to 1.2 cm. long. Shrubs or tall reeds with extensively 
creeping horizontal rhizomes 5 to 10 mm. thick, the woody perennial branching 
culms erect, 2 to 5 m., sometimes to 8 m., tall and 2 em. thick, freely branch- 
ing, the flowering branchlets borne in fascicles on the main culm or on primary 
branches, their sheaths bladeless or nearly so, flowering shoots also arising 
from the rhizomes, their sheaths bladeless; flowering at infrequent intervals, 
usually each species over a wide area simultaneously, the flowering period 
apparently continuing for about a year; the flowering culms apparently 
dying after setting seed; sterile branches numerous and repeatedly branching, 
the basal shoots and primary branches with 6 to 10 loose, papery culm- 
sheaths with narrow rudimentary blades 2 to 20 mm. long, not petiolate at 
base, and 4 to 10 large petiolate tessellate blades toward the ends, their 
sheaths overlapping, the upper blades crowded, the lower papery sheaths 
finally falling, the leaf-sheaths bearing several flat scabrous bristles at the 
summit, these readily falling in age. Type species, Arundinaria macrosperma 
Michx. (A. gigantea). Name from Latin Arundo, a reed. 


Primary branches erect or nearly so, the individual culm with its branches oblong-linear in 
outline; spikelets usually rather loose; lemmas appressed-hirsute or canescent, at least 

_ toward the base, greenish tawny to bronze-russet............----2-----2------- 1, A. GIGANTEA. 
Primary branches ascending at an angle of about 45°, the individual culm with its branches 
broadly lanceolate in outline; spikelets rather compact; lemmas glabrous or obscurely 
pubescent at base only, usually livid-purple....................2.22.2..--2-20-2-0----- 2A; TECTA, 


1. Arundinaria gigantéa (Walt.) 


Muhl. Giant cans. (Fig. 1.) Culms 
as much as 2 cm. thick and 2 to 8 m. 
tall, smooth; lower sheaths about half 
as long as the internodes, finally fall- 
ing, the upper 6 to 10 sheaths striate, 
tessellate, usually hirsute, becoming 
glabrous or nearly so, densely ciliate, 
canescent at base, the 10 to 12 bris- 
tles at the summit 5 to 9 mm. long, 
these often borne from the margin of 
a rather firm auricle, this sometimes 
prominent but often obscure or want- 
ing, a dense band of stiff hairs across 
the collar; ligule firm, scarcely 1 mm. 
long; blades of main culm and pri- 
mary branches 15 to 27 cm. long, 2.5 
to 4 cm. wide, rounded at base (peti- 
ole 1 to 2 mm. long), strongly finely 


tessellate, acuminate, pubescent to 
glabrous on the lower surface, puberu- 
lent to glabrous on the upper, the 
margin finely serrulate; blades of ulti- 
mate branchlets much smaller, often 
crowded in flabellate clusters, com- - 
monly glabrous or nearly so; flowering 
branchlets finally crowded toward the 
ends of the branches, the racemes or 
simple panicles with few to several 
spikelets on slender angled pedicels 2 
to 80 mm. long, hirsute to nearly 
glabrous; spikelets 4 to 7 cm. long, 
about 8 mm. wide, mostly 8- to 12- 
flowered, rather loose; glumes distant, 
acuminate, pubescent, the lower min- 
ute, sometimes wanting; lemmas 
broadly lanceolate, keeled, mostly 1.5 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


28 


| 
e, showing ~ 


ia gigantea. Flowering shoot, X 14; summit of culm sheath, outer and inner fac 
nd ligule, and two views of floret, X 2. (Swallen 6717, Miss.) 


uricles a 


Fiaurep 1.—Arundinar 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 29 


to 2 cm. long, sometimes tapering into 
an awn 4 mm. long, ciliate, appressed- 
hirsute to canescent, rarely glabrous 
except toward the base and margins, 
faintly to clearly tessellate; rachilla 
segments densely hirsute; palea scab- 
rous on the keels. 2 M—Forming 
extensive colonies in low woods, river 
banks, moist ground, southern Ohio, 
- Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Okla- 
homa to North Carolina, Florida, and 
Texas, mostly above the Coastal Plain. 
Livestock eagerly eat the young plants, 
leaves, and seeds, and canebrakes 
furnish much forage. The young 
shoots are sometimes used as a pot- 
herb. The culms are used for fishing 
rods, pipestems, baskets, mats, and a 
variety of other purposes. Early trav- 
elers speak of the abundance of this 
species and state that the culms may 
be as much as 2 or even 3 inches in 
diameter. It is said that the plants are 
easily destroyed by the continuous 
grazing of cattle and by the rooting of 
swine. 

2. Arundinaria técta (Walt.) Muhl. 
SwitcH CANE. (Fig. 2.) Similar to A. 
gigantea, the culms usually not more 
than 2 m. tall, the sheaths more com- 
monly as long as the internodes; au- 
ricle at summit of sheaths only rarely 
developed, the bristles 2 to 6 mm. 
long, a very short firm erose to ciliate 
membrane across the collar; blades on 
the average a little longer and nar- 
rower; inflorescence similar, the spike- 
lets 3 to 5 cm. long, 6- to 12-flowered, 
relatively compact and less com- 
pressed than in the preceding; glumes 
obtuse to acuminate, often glabrous 
or nearly so; lemmas scarcely keeled, 
12 to 15 mm. long, glabrous or mi- 
nutely canescent at the base, rarely 
very faintly tessellate toward the 
summit; the rachilla strigose. 2 
—Forming colonies in swampy woods, 
moist pine barrens and live oak woods, 
and sandy margins of streams, 


Coastal Plain, southern Maryland to 
Alabama and Mississippi. Two collec- 
tions from northwest Florida appear 
to be intermediate between the two 
species. 

A great many exotic species of 
bamboo have been introduced into 
cultivation in the United States, par- 
ticularly from China, Japan, India, 
and Java. Arundinaria, Bambusa, 
Cephalostachyum, Chimonobambusa, 
Dendrocalamus, Gigantochloa, Guadua, 
Indocalamus, Lingnania, Oxytenan- 
thera, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, Pseu- 
dosasa, Sasa, Schizostachyum, Sema- 
arundinaria, Shibataea, Sinarundi- 
naria, Sinobambusa, Sinocalamus, and 
Thamnocalamus are the principal gen- 
era represented. In southern Florida 
the commonest introduced species are 
Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch., 
B. bambos (L.) Voss,§ B. vulgaris 
Schrad. ex Wendl., and Sinocalamus 
oldhami (Munro) McClure (“‘Dendro- 
calamus latiflorus’’. of California and 
Florida gardens). Farther north, where 
the minimum winter temperatures 
are lower, Arundinaria semoni (Carr.) 
A. and C. Riv., Phyllostachys aurea A. 
and C. Riv., and P. bambusozdes Sieb. 
and Zucc. are the commonest, and in 
regions where the winters are still 
more severe Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. 
and Zucc.) Makino is the species 
most commonly found in  culti- 
vation in the open air; escaped 
in Philadelphia. In California, Szno- 
calamus oldhami, Bambusa multiplex, 
and several species of Phyllostachys 
are about equally popular. The most 
recent systematic treatment of the 
species of bamboo cultivated in the 
United States is that of Rehder.’ 

6 Contributed by F. A. McCuure; see also 
McCuovrg, F. A. THE GENUS BAMBUSA AND SOME OF 
ITS FIRST-KNOWN SPECIES. Blumea Sup. 3. (Henrard 
Jubilee vol.) : 90-112, pl. 1-7, 1946; and Young, R. A. 
BAMBOOS IN AMERICAN HORTICULTURE. Nat. Hort. 
Mag. 1945: 171-196; 274-291; 1946: 40-64; 257-283; 
352-365, illus. 


7 REHDER, ALFRED. MANUAL OF CULTIVATED TREES 
AND SHRUBS. Ed. 2, 996 pp. New York. 1940. 


30 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 2.—Arundinaria tecta. Flowering and leafy shoot, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 2. Soe 5881, Va.); | 


summit of culm sheath, outer and inner face, X 2. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 498, Va. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES ol 


TRIBE 2. FESTUCEAE 
2. BROMUS L. Bromecrass 


Spikelets several- to many-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, acute, the first 1- to 3-nerved, 
the second usually 3- to 5-nerved; lemmas convex on the back or keeled, 5- to 
9-nerved, 2-toothed, awned from between the teeth or awnless; palea usually 
shorter than the lemma, ciliate on the keels. Low or rather tall annuals or 
perennials with closed sheaths, usually flat blades, and open or contracted 
panicles of large spikelets. Standard species, Bromus sterilis (type species, 
B. secalinus). Name from bromos, an ancient Greek name for the oat, from 
broma, food. 

The native perennial species of bromegrass form a considerable portion of 
the forage in open woods of the mountain regions of the western United 
States. Bromus carinatus, California brome, and its more eastern ally, B. 
marginatus, are abundant from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific coast. 
Before maturity, they are relished by all classes of stock. Horses and sheep are 
particularly fond of the seed heads. Bromus anomalus, B. pumpellianus, and 
B. ciliatus, of the Rocky Mountain region, are abundant up to 10,000-11,000 
feet altitude, and are of first rank for all classes of stock. Several other species 
are nutritious but are usually not abundant enough to be of importance in the 
grazing regions. The most important species agronomically is smooth brome, 
B. inermis, a native of Eurasia, which is cultivated for hay and pasture in the 
northern part of the Great Plains. It is more drought-resistant than timothy 
and can be grown farther west on the Plains, but does not thrive south of 
central Kansas. It is recommended for holding canal banks. Also called 
smooth, awnless, and Hungarian brome. Rescue grass, B. catharticus, is culti- 
vated for winter forage in the Southern States from North Carolina to Texas 
and in the coast district of southern California. 

The annuals are weedy species introduced mostly from Europe. The best 
known of these is chess, Bromus secalinus, a weed of waste places sometimes 
infesting grainfields. Formerly it was believed by the credulous that under 
certain conditions wheat changed into chess or ‘‘cheat.”’ Chess in a wheatfield 
is due to chess seed in the soil or in the wheat sown. This species is utilized for 
hay in places in Washington, Oregon, and Georgia. On the Pacific coast the 
annual bromegrasses cover vast areas of open ground at lower altitudes where 
they form a large part of the forage on the winter range. They mature in spring 
or early summer and become unpalatable. Those of the section Eubromus 
are, at maturity, a serious pest. The narrow, sharp-pointed minutely barbed 
florets (or fruits) with their long rough awns work into the eyes, nostrils, and 
mouths of stock, causing inflammation and often serious injury. Sometimes 
the intestines are pierced, and death results. On the Pacific coast, B. rigidus, 
the chief offender, is called ripgut grass by stockmen, and the name is some- 
times applied to other species of the section. 

Spikelets strongly flattened, the lemmas compressed-keeled..... Section 1. CBRATOCHLOA. 
eae oe before anthesis or somewhat flattened, but the lemmas not compressed- 
eeied. 

1? ihewrantaiss 5 oxeyeCevawey bay | 2 Ea eR a LE Se Section 2. Bromopsis. 

Plants annual. Introduced, mostly from Europe. 

Awn straight or divaricate, sometimes minute or obsolete, not twisted and geniculate; 

teeth of the lemma sometimes slender but not aristate. 
Lemmas broad, rounded above, not acuminate, the teeth mostly less than 1 mm. 
Gra Seem ene en nee gel OAL GRY Ne Section 3. Bromium. 
Lemmas narrow, with a sharp callus, gradually acuminate, bifid, the teeth 2 to 5 
mm. long. Awns usually more than 1.5 cm. long... Section 4. Eusromus. 


Awn geniculate, twisted below; teeth of the lemma aristate. 
Section 5. NEOBROMUS, 


32 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Section 1. Ceratochloa 


Remmas' awnless or nearly ‘s0-:-:-5.--3 ee ee 1. B. CATHARTICUS. 
Lemmas awned, the awn more than 3 mm. long. 

Panicle branches elongate, slender, drooping, bearing 1 or 2 large spikelets at the end, the 

lowermost naked for as much as 10 to 15 em. Sheaths smooth; Washington and 


Ore@on.e-n. . se oe 2. B. SITCHENSIS. 
Panicle branches not greatly elongate. 


Panicle branches ascending, rather stiff, naked below, bearing 1 or 2 large spikelets. 


Washington: ..°2.252 i) es Sen ee ee ee 3. B. ALEUTENSIS. 

Panicle branches short and ascending or longer and drooping, with some short branches 
at the base. 

Blades canescent, densely short-pilose, 2 to 5 mm. wide, often involute; panicle 


SOON Sk Sot Soa S Pe wt ec 52h a: 25 4, B. BREVIARISTATUS. 
Blades not canescent, glabrous to puberulent or sparsely pilose, mostly 5 to 12 mm. 
wide. 
Sheaths strongly to sparsely retrorsely pilose; blades 4 to 12 mm. wide; lemmas 
usually pubescent, the awns mostly less than 7 mm. long; plants perennial. 
7 


] B. MARGINATUS. 
Sheaths scaberulous to pilose. 


Plants annual or biennial; culms mostly 30 to 100 em. tall; spikelets rather open 
at anthesis, the rachilla joints relatively long; awns 7 to 15 mm. long. 
Spikelets 6- to 10-flowered; second glume shorter than the lowest lemma. 
5. B. CARINATUS. 
Spikelets mostly 5- to 7-flowered; second glume nearly or quite equaling the 
length: of the lowest floret ste eee eee ee 6. B. ARIZONICUS. 
Plants perennial; awns mostly less than 15 mm. long. 
Culms erect, mostly 80 to 120 cm. tall; panicle mostly open; spikelets rather 
glossy, loose, the rachilla joints relatively long........ 9. B. POLYANTHUS. 
Culms subgeniculate and leafy at base, mostly 25 to 70 cm. tall; panicle rather 
dense; spikelets closely flowered.....................--------------- 8. B. MARITIMUS. 


Section 2. Bromopsis 


la. Creeping rhizomes present; lemmas awnless or short-awned; panicle erect, somewhat 
open, the branches ascending. 


hemmias ¢labrous..: 2:27. a et), lee ba ee 10. B. INERMIS. 
Lemmas pubescent near the margins. ___.._-...--2:..-------ssssseec20----be=e 11. B. PUMPELLIANUS. 
1b. Creeping rhizomes wanting (base of culm decumbent in B. laevipes). 

2a. Panicle narrow, the branches erect. 

Lemmas glabrous or evenly scabrous 

Lemmas appressed-pubescent on the margins and lower part...... 13. B. SUKSDORFII. 
2b. Panicle open, the branches spreading or drooping. 

3a. Lemmas glabrous. ; 

Blades broad and lax, more than 5 mm., at least some of them 10 mm., wide (var. 


laevigltmis) ee ee, ee ee ee ee 20. B. PURGANS. 
Blades narrow, not more than 6 mm. Wide..........-....-------0--0--+------- 23. 3B. TEXENSIS. 
3b. Lemmas pubescent. 


4a. Lemmas pubescent along the margin and on lower part of the back, the upper 
part glabrous. 
First glume 3-nerved; plant mostly pale or glaucous. Culms decumbent at base. 
17. B. LAEVIPES. 
First glume 1-nerved, or only faintly 3-nerved near the base; plants dark green. 
Ligule prominent, 3 to 5 mm. long; lemmas narrow; awn usually more than 5 mm. 
LON 2 23 ee Be ee Se eee 18. B. VULGARIS. 
Ligule inconspicuous, about 1 mm. long; lemmas broad; awn 3 to 5 mm. long. 
19. B. CILIATUS. 
4b, Lemmas pubescent rather evenly over the back, usually more densely so along 
the lower part of the margin (glabrous in B. purgans var. laeviglumis). 
Panicle branches short, stiffly spreading; blades short, mostly on lower part of 
CU. 225. chicas ae 14. B. ORCUTTIANUS. 
Panicle branches lax or drooping; blades along the culm, mostly elongate. 
Panicle small, drooping, usually not more than 10 cm. long. Spikelets densely 
and conspicuously pubescent. 
Sheaths and blades sparsely pilose to subglabrous; blades mostly 2 to 4 mm. 
wide (rarely 5 to 6:mm:)) 2. 2 eee 24. B. ANOMALUS. 


Sheaths and blades (except uppermost in some) conspicuously pubescent; 
blades:5 to 10:mm. wide= - =e ee 25. B. KALMII. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 33 


Panicle larger, usually erect, the branches more or less drooping. Blades mostly 
wide and lax. 
Ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; blades pilose above, scabrous or smooth beneath; 
panicle large, open, the slender branches long, drooping. 
16. B. PACIFICUS. 
Ligule short; blades pubescent or pilose on both surfaces, or glabrous or 
scabrous. 
Blades densely short-pubescent on both surfaces 
Blades more or less pilose or glabrous. 
Sheaths, at least the lower, retorsely pilose (rarely glabrous in B. purgans) 
blades mostly more than 5 mm. wide. 
Sheaths shorter than the internodes. Nodes 4 to 6.... 20. B. PURGANS. 
Sheaths as long as or longer than the internodes. 
Second glume 5-nerved; nodes 6 to 8; sheaths without flanges at the 


Cena 15. B. GRANDIS. 


TOU G errors ee. SE a ere 22. B. NOTTOWAYANUS. 
Second glume 3-nerved; nodes 10 to 20; sheaths with prominent 
Hangesratabne mouths. 2 == 8 oe 21. B. LATIGLUMIS. 


Sheaths glabrous; bladesmostlylessthan 5mm. wide....26. B. FRONDOSUS. 


Section 3. Bromium 
Panicle contracted, rather dense, the branches erect or ascending. 


Hemmnunasie alyrOUsen eet se ee oe ea 37. B. RACEMOSUS. 
Lemmas pubescent. 
Spikelets compressed; lemmas rather thin and narrow.............. 31. B. MOLLIFORMIS. 
Spikelets turgid; lemmas rather thick, broader....................-...------------- 30. B. MOLLIS. 


Panicle open, the branches spreading. 
Awn short or wanting; lemmas obtuse, inflated (see also short-awned forms of B. secalinus). 
27. B. BRIZAEFORMIS. 
Awn well developed. 
HOMagerodaWROUSE mts wee ton Ma eet ee oe ee 28. B. SECALINUS. 
Foliage pubescent. 
Branches of the panicle rather stiffly spreading or drooping, not flexuous;awn straight. 
B. COMMUTATUS. 
Branches lax or flexuous, usually slender, but rather stout in B. squarrosus. 

Spikelets inflated, 5 to 8 mm. or even 10 mm. wide; awns flattened, strongly 
divergent, about 1 cm. long; panicle branches stout but flexuous, bearing 
IBOTAZRS DIKE ets eater ee sic STM en es A ol 33. B. SQUARROSUS. 
Spikelets not inflated, usually less than 5 mm. wide, if more the spikelets pubescent ; 

awn not strongly flattened, straight or somewhat spreading. 
Panicle 8 to 11 cm. (rarely to 15 cm.) long; branches and pedicels conspicu- 
ously flexuous or curled; lemmas pubescent.................- 36. B. ARENARIUS. 
Panicle 15 to 25 cm. long (smaller in depauperate specimens), the long branches 
spreading or drooping, somewhat flexuous but usually not curled; lemmas 

glabrous or scaberulous. 

Palea distinctly shorter than its lemma; awn flexuous, usually somewhat 


divergent in drying; spikelets rather turgid................ 34. B. JAPONICUS. 
Palea about as long as its lemma; awn straight or nearly soindrying; spikelets 
thinner and flatter, scarcely turgid..........................-.-- 35. B. ARVENSIS. 


Section 4. Hubromus 
Panicle contracted, erect; awn 12 to 20 mm. long. 
Culms pubescent below the dense panicle................ eats en ee aa 39. B. RUBENS. 


Culms glabrous below the scarcely dense panicle...............------.- 40. B. MADRITENSIS. 
Panicle open, the branches spreading. 


Second glume usually less than 1 cm. long; pedicels capillary, flexuous. 


41. B. TEcTORUM. 

Second glume more than 1 cm. long; pedicels sometimes flexuous but not capillary. 
Awnvabout)2 cm long; first glume 8 mm. long... .. 38. B. STERILIS. 
Awn 3 to 5 em. long; first glume about 15 mm. long....................-.--.- 37. 3B. RIGIDUS. 


Section 5. Neobromus 
PESUNIPICISeClese ei mn cin fe 42. B. TRINII. 
SECTION 1. CERATOCHLOA (Beauv.) Griseb. 


Annuals, biennials, or perennials; spikelets large, distinctly compressed; 
glumes and lemmas keeled, rather firm. 


34 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 

1. Bromus catharticus Vahl. Res- much as 100 em. tall; sheaths gla- 
cup Grass. (Fig. 3.) Annual or bi- brous or pubescent; blades narrow, 
ennial; culms erect to spreading, as glabrous or sparsely pilose; panicle 


X 1. (Piper 3013, Alaska.) 


Figure 4.—Bromus sitchensis, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES BE) 


open, as much as 20 cm. long, the 
branches as much as 15 cm. long, 
naked at base, in small plants the pan- 
icles reduced to a raceme of a few 
appressed short-pediceled spikelets; 
spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long, 6- to 12-flow- 
ered; glumes acuminate, about 1 cm. 
long; lemmas glabrous, scabrous, or 
sometimes pubescent, acuminate, 1.5 
cm. long, closely overlapping, conceal- 
ing the short rachilla joints, awnless 
or with an awn 1 to3 mm. long; palea 
two-thirds as long as the lemma. 
© (B. unioloides H. B. K.)—Culti- 
vated in the Southern States as a 
winter forage grass. Escaped from 
cultivation or sparingly introduced 
in waste places throughout Southern 
States and rarely northward. Known 
also as Schrader’s bromegrass. Intro- 
duced from South America. 

2. Bromus sitchénsis Trin. (Fig. 4.) 
Stout smooth perennial; culms 120 
to 180 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; 
blades elongate, 7 to 12 mm. wide, 
sparsely pilose on the upper surface; 
panicles large, lax, drooping, 25 to 
39 cm. long, the lower branches 
(2 to 4) as much as 20 cm. long, 
naked below for as much as 10 or 


15 cm., few-flowered; spikelets 2.5 to’ 


3.0 cm. long, 6- to 12-flowered, the 
rachilla joints longer than in B. 
catharticus, exposed at anthesis; lem- 
mas scabrous, sometimes hirtellous 
toward base; awn 5 to 10 mm. long. 
21 —Woods and banks near the 
coast, Alaska to Oregon. 

3d. Bromus aleuténsis Trin. ex Gri- 
seb. (Fig. 5.) Culms rather stout, 
erect from a usually decumbent base, 
00 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths sparsely 
retrorse-pilose or glabrous; blades 
sparsely pilose, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicle erect, loose, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches rather stiffly as- 
cending, bearing 1 or 2 (rarely 3) 
spikelets, the lower as much as 10 
em. long; spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 cm. 
long, 3- to 6-flowered; glumes sub- 
equal, the first 3-nerved, the second 
o- or indistinctly 7-nerved; lemmas 
broadly lanceolate, 7-nerved, scari- 
ous-margined, smooth to scabrous- 


Figure 5.—Bromus aleutensis, X 1. (Evans 550, 
laska.) 


pubescent, about 15 mm. long; awn 
mostiy about, i scm long. Ol = 
Open ground, Aleutian Islands to 
the Olympic Mountain region. 

4, Bromus breviaristatus Buckl. 
(Fig. 6.) Erect tufted perennial; 
culms 25 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths ca- 
nescent to densely retrorse-pilose; 
blades narrow, becoming involute, 
canescent and also pilose with spread- 
ing hairs, mostly erect or ascending, 
often only 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, erect, 5 to 15 em. long, the 
branches short, appressed, often bear- 
ing only 1 spikelet; spikelets 2 to 3 
em. long; lemmas appressed-puber- 
ulent; awn 3 to 10 mm. long. 2 
(B. subvelutinus Shear.)—Dry wooded 
hills and meadows, Wyoming to 
British Columbia, eastern Washing- 
ton, Nevada, and California. 

5. Bromus carinatus Hook. and 
Arn. CALIFORNIA BROME. (Fig. 7.) 
Erect annual or mostly biennial; 
culms mostly 50 to 100 cm. (occasion- 
ally to 120 cm.) tall; sheaths scabrous 
to rather sparsely pilose; blades flat, 
mostly 20 to 30 cm. long, the lower 
shorter (those of the innovations 
numerous), scabrous or sparsely pilose, 


36 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


mostly 3 to 10 mm. wide; panicle 
mostly 15 to 30 cm. long, with spread- 


Figure 6.—Bromus breviaristatus. Plant, X 4%; spike- 
let, X 5. (Nuttall, Rocky Mts.) 


ing or drooping branches, in small 
plants much reduced; spikelets (ex- 
cluding awns) 2 to 3 cm. long, mostly 
6- to 10-flowered, the florets in anthe- 
sis not or scarcely overlapping, 
exposing the relatively long rachilla 
joints; glumes acuminate, the first 6 
to 9 mm., the second 10 to 15 mm., 
long; lemmas minutely appressed- 
pubescent to glabrous, about 2 to 2.5 
mm. wide as folded, 10 to 20 mm. 
long; awn 7 to 15 mm. long; palea 
acuminate, nearly as long as the 
lemma, the teeth short-awned. © 
—Open ground, open woods, and 
waste places, at low and middle alti- 
tudes, common on the Pacific coast, 
British Columbia to Idaho and Cali- 
fornia; New Mexico and Baja Cali- 
fornia. The species is extremely 
variable in size, in shape of panicle, 
and in pubescence, and intergrades 
freely with the following.® 

6. Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Steb- 
bins. Annual, similar to the preceding, 
commonly shorter; panicle mostly 


8 For variability in Bromus carinatus see HARLAN. 
J. R., Amer. Jour. Bot. 32: 142. 1945. For proposed 
varieties see SHEAR, C. L., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 23. 1900. See also Stespins, G. L., 
Tosey, H. A., and Haruan, J. R., Calif. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. 25: 307-321. 1944. 


Figure 7.—Bromus carinatus, X 1. (Hitchcock 2704, Calif.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES od 


stiff, erect and relatively narrow; 
spikelets mostly 5- to 7-flowered; 
glumes less unequal, the second often 
equaling the length of the lowest 
lemma; lemmas hirsute toward the 
margin, occasionally sparsely so across 
the back, the teeth of the apex 0.7 
to 2mm. long. © -—Open, mostly 
arid slopes and valleys, western 
Texas; Arizona to middle California 
and Baja California. Plants short- 
lived, flowering in the early spring 
rains and dying after seeding. 

7. Bromus marginatus Nees. (Fig. 
8.) Perennial, sheaths mostly con- 
spicuously retrorsely pilose; blades 
commonly pubescent, 6 to 12 mm. 
wide; panicles usually less open than 
in B. carinatus; spikelets mostly 


SSPE Ss 
—= 


eR 
eS 


RASS 
Sy 


—N 


Figure 8.—Bromus marginatus, X 1. (Hunter 555, 
Oreg.) 


closely flowered, lemmas more strong- 
ly pubescent, awns usually less than 
7 mm. long. 2 —Open woods, 
open or wooded slopes, meadows, and 
waste places, British Columbia and 
Alberta to South Dakota, New Mex- 
ico, and California, mostly on the 
eastern slope; adventive in Maine (in 
wool waste); introduced in Illinois, 


Iowa, and Kansas. Variable, inter- 
grading with 8B. carinatus and 
scarcely distinct, though extremes are 
very different in appearance. 

8. Bromus maritimus (Piper) 
Hitche. Perennial; culms stout, 25 to 
70 cm. tall, geniculate at base with 
numerous basal shoots; sheaths 
smooth or scaberulous; blades mostly 
6 to 8 mm. wide, scabrous; panicle 
mostly 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches 
short, erect; spikelets 3 to 4 cm. long. 
2 (B. marginatus maritimus Piper.) 
—Near the coast, Lane County, 
Oreg., to Monterey County, Calif. 

9. Bromus polyanthus Scribn. (Fig. 
9.) Perennial; culms robust, mostly 90 


Fiaure 9.—Bromus polyanthus, X 1. (Chase 5349, 
Colo.) 


to 125 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; 
blades 6 to 15 mm. wide, scabrous; 
panicles commonly 15 to 25 cm. long, 
the branches ascending; spikelets 
glabrous or scaberulous, somewhat 
glossy, rather loose at anthesis; awns 
4 to 6 mm. long. 2 —Open or 
sparsely wooded slopes, foothills, 
moist ground, Montana to Washing- 
ton, south to Texas and California 
(Yosemite National Park); Kansas 
(experiment station). 


Bromus uaciniatus Beal. Tall slender 
perennial; blades flat; panicles 20 to 30 cm. 
long, open, drooping; spikelets flattened, 
about 3 cm. long, mostly purplish; lemmas 
keeled, awned. Y| (B. pendulinus Sessé, not 


38 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Schrad.)—Occasionally cultivated for orna- 
ment; Mexico. 


Section 2. Bromépsis Dum. 
Perennials; panicles mostly open; 
spikelets rather elongate, sub- 
terete or slightly compressed be- 
fore flowering; florets closely 
overlapping. 

10. Bromus inérmis Leyss. SMooTH 
BROME. (Fig. 10.) Culms erect, 50 to 
100 cm. tall, from creeping rhizomes; 
ligule 1.5 to 2 mm. long; blades 
smooth or nearly so, 5 to 10 mm. 
wide; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, erect, 


Figure 10.—Bromus inermis. Plant, X 1%; spikelet, 
X 21%. (Deam 11633, Ind.) 


the branches whorled, spreading in 
flower, contracted at maturity; spike- 
lets 2 to 2.5 cm. long, subterete be- 
fore flowering; first glume 4 to 5 mm. 
long, the second 6 to 8 mm. long; 
lemmas 9 to 12 mm. long, glabrous or 
somewhat scabrous, rarely villous, 
obtuse, emarginate, mucronate, or 
with an awn 1 to 2 mm. long. 2 
—Cultivated as hay and pasture 
grass, especially from Minnesota and 
Kansas to Washington and California, 
occasionally eastward to Michigan 
and Ohio and south to New Mexico 
and Arizona, now running wild in 
these regions; introduced along roads 
and in waste places in the northern 
half of the United States; occasionally 
southward. Also used for reseeding 
western mountain ranges. Introduced 
from Europe. 

11. Bromus pumpellianus Scribn. 
(Fig. 11.) Resembling B. inermis; 
culms 50 to 120 cm. tall, from creep- 
ing rhizomes; sheaths glabrous or 
pubescent; blades rather short, mostly 
glabrous beneath, scabrous or some- 
what pubescent on upper surface; 
panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, rather nar- 
row, erect, the branches short, erect, 
or ascending; spikelets 7- to 11- 
flowered, 2 to 3 cm. long; first glume 
l-nerved, the second 3-nerved; lem- 
mas 10 to 12 mm. long, 5- to 7-nerved, 
pubescent along the margin and 
across the back at base, slightly 
emarginate; awn mostly 2 to 3 mm. 
long. 2 —Meadows and _ grassy 
slopes, Colorado to the Black Hills of 
South Dakota, Idaho, and Alaska; in- 
troduced in Michigan. BRomus PUM- 
PELLIANUS var. TWEEDYI Scribn. Dif- 
fering in having lemmas more densely 
pubescent. 2 —Alberta to Col- 
orado. 

12. Bromus eréctus Huds. Culms 
tufted, erect, 60 to 90 cm. tall, slen- 
der; sheaths sparsely pilose or gla- 
brous; ligule 1.5 mm. long; blades nar- 
row, sparsely pubescent; panicle 10 
to 20 em. long, narrow, erect, the 
branches ascending or erect; spikelets 
5- to 10-flowered; glumes acuminate, 
the first 6 to 8 mm., the second 8 to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 39 


10 mm. long; lemmas 10 to 12 mm. 
long, glabrous or evenly scabrous- 
pubescent over the back; awn 5 to 6 


mm. long. 2 —Established in a 
few localities from Maine to New 
York; also in Washington, California, 
Wisconsin, West Virginia, Kentucky, 
and Alabama; introduced from Eu- 
rope. 

Bromus RAMOsus Huds. Tall slen- 
der perennial; blades flat; panicles 15 
to 25 cm. long, open, drooping; spike- 
lets 2 to 3 cm. long, lemmas 12 to 15 
mm.long,awned. 2 M—Introduced 
in Washington; Europe. 

13. Bromus suksdorfii Vasey. (Fig. 
12.) Culms 60 to 100 em. tall; panicle 
7 to 12 cm. long, the branches erect or 
ascending; spikelets about 2.5 cm. 
long, longer than the pedicels; first 
glume mostly 1-nerved, 8 to 10 mm. 
long, the second 3-nerved, 8 to 12 
mm. long; lemmas 12 to 14 mm. long, 
appressed-pubescent near the margin 
and on the lower part of midnerve; 
awn 2 to 4mm. long. 2 —Rocky 
woods and slopes, Washington to the 


== —— 


SS 
——— 

y = = 

SSS 


: 


—_S= 


Figure 11.—Bromus pumpellianus, X 1. (Umbach 453, Mont.) 


40 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


southern Sierra Nevada of California; 
Nevada (Lake Tahoe). 

14. Bromus orcuttianus Vasey. 
(Fig. 13.) Culms 80 to 120 em. tall, 
erect, leafy below, nearly naked 
above, pubescent at and below the 
nodes; sheaths pilose or more or less 
velvety or sometimes glabrous; blades 
rather short and erect; panicle 10 to 
15 em. long, narrow-pyramidal, the 
few rather rigid short branches finally 
divaricate; spikelets about 2 cm. long, 
not much flattened, on short pedicels; 
glumes narrow, smooth, or scabrous, 


the first 6 to 8 mm. long, acute, 1- 
nerved, or sometimes with faint lat- 
eral nerves, the second 8 to 10 mm. 
long, broader, obtuse, 3-nerved; lem- 
mas 10 to 12 mm. long, narrow, in- 
rolled at margin, obscurely nerved, 
scabrous or scabrous-pubescent over 
the back; awn 5 to 7 mm. long. 2 
—Open woods, Washington to Cali- 
fornia; Arizona. 

BROMUS ORCUTTIANUS var. HALLII 
Hitche. Blades soft-pubescent on both 
surfaces; glumes and lemmas pubes- 
cent. 2 —Dry, mostly wooded 


Figure 13.—Bromus orcuttianus, X 1. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 41 


ridges and slopes, 1,500 to 3,000 m. 
elevation, California. 

15. Bromus grandis (Shear) 
Hitche. (Fig. 14.) Culms 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall; sheaths softly retrorsely pubes- 
cent; blades elongate, rather lax, 
spreading, densely short-pubescent on 
both surfaces; panicle 15 to 20 cm. 
long, broad, open, the branches slen- 
der, drooping, naked below, the lower 
usually in pairs, as much as 15 cm. 
long; spikelets 2 to 2.5 cm. long, on 
subflexuous pedicels; first glume usu- 
ally distinctly 3-nerved, the second 


10 mm. wide; panicle very open, 10 to 
20 cm. long, the branches slender, 
drooping; spikelets 2 to 2.5 cm. long, 
coarsely pubescent throughout; lem- 
mas 11 to 12 mm. long, the pubes- 
cence somewhat dense on the margin; 
awn 4 to 6 mm. long. 2 —Moist 
thickets near the coast, southern 
Alaska to western Oregon. 

17. Bromus laévipes Shear. (Fig. 
16.) Light green or glaucous; culms 50 
to 100 cm. tall, from a decumbent 
base, often rooting at the lower nodes; 
sheaths and blades glabrous; ligule 2 


Jae 


"iy 


Figure 15.—Bromus pactficus, X 1. (Elmer 1957, Wash.) 


d-nerved; lemmas 12 to 15 mm. long, 
densely pubescent all over the back; 
awn 5 to 7 mm. long. 2 —Dry 
hills at moderate altitudes, Monterey 
and Madera Counties, Calif., south to 
San Diego. 

16. Bromus pacificus Shear. (Fig. 
15.) Culms 1 to 1.5 m. tall, stout, 
erect, pubescent at the nodes; sheaths 
sparsely pilose; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; 
blades sparsely pilose on upper sur- 
face, scabrous or smooth beneath, 8 to 


to 3 mm. long; blades 4 to 8 mm. 
wide; panicles broad, 15 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches slender, drooping; 
first glume 3-nerved, 6 to 8 mm. long, 
the second 5-nerved, 10 to 12 mm. 
long; lemmas obtuse, 7-nerved, 12 to 
14 mm. long, densely pubescent on 
the margin nearly to the apex and on 
the back at base; awn 3 to 5 mm. 
long. 2 —Moist woods and shady 
banks, southern Washington to Cali- 
fornia. 


42 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FicurRE 16.—Bromus laevipes, X 1. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 866, Calif.) 


18. Bromus vulgaris (Hook.) Shear 
(Fig. 17.) Culms slender, 80 to 120 
cm. tall, the nodes pubescent; sheaths 
pilose; ligule 3 to 5 mm. long; blades 
more or less pilose, to 12 mm. wide; 
panicle 10 to 15 em. long, the branches 
slender, drooping; spikelets narrow, 
about 2.5 cm. long; glumes narrow, 


Figure 17.—Bromus vulgaris, X 1. (Chase 4945, 
Wash.) 


the first acute, l-nerved, 5 to 8 mm. 
long, the second broader, longer, ob- 
tuse to acutish, 3-nerved; lemmas 8 
to 10 mm. long, sparsely pubescent 


over the back, more densely near the 
margin, or nearly glabrous; awn 6 
to 8 mm. long. 2 —Rocky woods 
and shady ravines, western Montana 
and Wyoming to British Columbia 
and California. Two scarcely distinct 
robust varieties have been described: 
B. vulgaris var. eximius Shear, a 
form with glabrous sheaths and nearly 
glabrous lemmas, Washington to 
Mendocino County, Calif.; and B. 
vulgaris var. robustus Shear, with 
pilose sheaths and large panicle, 
British Columbia to Oregon. 


19. Bromus ciliatus L. FRINGED 


BROME. (Fig. 18.) Culms slender, 70 
to 120 cm. tall, glabrous or pubescent 
at the nodes; sheaths glabrous or the 
lower short-pilose, mostly shorter 
than the internodes; blades rather 
lax, as much as | cm. wide, sparsely 
pilose on both surfaces to glabrous; 
panicle 15 to 25 cm. long, open, the 
branches slender, drooping, as much 
as 15 cm. long; first glume 1I-nerved, 
the second 3-nerved; lemmas 10 to 
12 mm. long, pubescent near the 
margin on the lower half to three- 
fourths, glabrous or nearly so on the 
back; awn’3 to.o mm long. 2) 7 —— 
Moist woods and rocky slopes, New- 
foundland to Washington, south to 
New Jersey, Tennessee, Lowa, .west- 
ern Texas, and southern California 
(San Bernardino Mountains); Mexi- 
co. B. richardsoni Link is a form that 
has been distinguished by its larger 
spikelets and lemmas and more robust 
habit, but it grades freely into JB. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 43 


Y 


Figure 18.—Bromus ciliatus. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, * 5. (Hitchcock, Vt.) 


44 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ciliatus and can scarcely be ranked 
even as a variety. This is the common 
form in the Rocky Mountains. 

20. Bromus ptrgans L. CANapa 
BROME. (Fig. 19.) Resembling B. 
ciliatus; nodes mostly 4 to 6; sheaths, 
except the lower 1 or 2, shorter than 
the internodes, more or less retrorsely 
pilose, or sometimes all glabrous; 
blades elongate, 5 to 17 mm. wide, 
narrowed at base, and without flanges 
or auricles; pubescence of lemma 
nearly uniform, sometimes more dense 
on the margins, sometimes sparse 
and short on the back or scabrous 
only. 2 —Moist woods and rocky 
slopes, Massachusetts to North Da- 
kota, south to northern Florida and 
Texas. 


\ Wel) 
NAVAN, 
we ‘ANY 
ANA \; , U/ 1 
Nf 
\i N\\i Ui H) i/}) 
W AMY), 
NN Gy /) 
NNN iy 


Fieure 19.—Bromus  purgans. 
Floret, X 5. (Deam 27982, Ind.) 


BROMUS PURGANS var. LAEVIGLU- 
MIs (Scribn.) Swallen. Culms stout, 
leafy, mostly more than 1 m. tall; 
sheaths shorter or longer than the 
internodes, glabrous to pubescent, 
not strongly pilose; blades elongate, 
as much as 1 cm. wide or even wider; 
panicle large, open; lemmas glabrous 
or nearly so. 21 —Woods and river 
banks, rare. Known from Quebec, 
Ontario, Maine, Vermont, Connecti- 
cut, New York, Michigan, Wisconsin, 
Maryland, West Virginia, and North 
Carolina. 

21. Bromus _latiglimis (Shear) 
Hitche. (Fig. 20.) Differing from B. 


purgans in having usually 10 to 20 
nodes; sheaths overlapping, more or 
less pilose, especially about the throat 
and collar; base of blades with 
prominent flanges on each side, these 
usually prolonged into auricles. Where 
the ranges of B. purgans and B. 
latiglumis overlap, the latter flowers 
several weeks later than the former. 
2. —Alluvial banks of streams, 


Quebec and Maine to North Dakota, 
south to North Carolina and Kansas. 


Ficure 20.—Bromus latiglumis. Base of 
blades, X 1. (Type.) 


BRoMUS LATIGLUMIS f. INCANUS 
(Shear) Fernald. Culms 1 to 2 m. 
tall, decumbent below, mostly some- 
what weak and sprawling; sheaths 
densely canescent; panicles rather 
heavy. 2 —Low woods, Indiana, 
Illinois, Michigan, and Maryland. 

22. Bromus nottowayanus [ern- 
ald. (Fig. 21.) Resembling B. lati- 
glumis, but with fewer nodes; sheaths 
mostly longer than the internodes, 
usually retrorsely pilose, without 
flanges at the mouth; ligule very 
short; blades elongate, 6 to 13 mm. 
wide, pilose above, some sparsely so 
beneath; panicles 12 to 22 cm. long, 
the slender branches drooping, the 
pulvini inconspicuous; first glume 1- 
to 3-nerved, the second 5-nerved; 
lemma 8 to 13 mm. long, densely 
appressed-pilose, the awn 5 to 8 mm. 
long. 2 Rich woods, Indiana 
and Illinois; Maryland to North 
Carolina; Tennessee; Arkansas. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 45 


Fiaure 21.—-Bromus nottowayanus. Glumes and lower 
floret, X 5. (Type number.) 


23. Bromus texénsis (Shear) Hitche. 
(Fig. 22.) Culms slender, mostly 
solitary, 40 to 70 cm. tall; sheaths 


much shorter than the internodes, 
softly retrorsely pilose; blades pubes- 
cent on both surfaces, rarely gla- 


brous, mostly 3 to 6 mm. wide; 
panicle mostly not more than 12 cm. 
long, few-flowered, drooping; lemmas 
scabrous to nearly smooth; awn 5 to 
7 mm. long. 2 —Among brush, 
Texas (Bexar County and Corpus 
Christi) and Cochise County, Ariz.; 


apparently rare; northern Mexico. 


FIGureE 23.—Bromus anomalus, X 1. (Pammel, Colo.) 


46 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


24. Bromus anodmalus Rupr. Nop- 
DING BROME. (Fig. 23.) Culms slender, 
30 to 60 cm. tall, the nodes pubes- 
cent; sheaths sparsely pilose to gla- 
brous; ligule about 1 mm. long; 
blades scabrous, mostly 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle about 10 cm. long, 
often less, few-flowered, drooping; 
first glume 3-nerved, the second 5- 
nerved, lemmas about 12 mm. long, 
evenly and densely pubescent over 
the back; awn 2 to 4 mm. long. 
2 (B. porter: Nash.)—Open woods, 
Saskatchewan to North Dakota and 
south to western Texas, southern 
California, and Mexico. 

Bromus ANOMALUS Var. LANATIPES 
(Shear) Hitche. More robust, with 
woolly sheaths and usually broader 
blades. 2 (B. porter lanatipes 
Shear.)—Colorado to western Texas 
and Arizona. 


lets; first glume 3-nerved, the second 
5-nerved; lemmas 7 to 10 mm. long, 
villous over the back, more densely 
so near the margins; awn 2 to 3 mm. 
long. 2 —Dry or sandy ground 
and open woods, Maine to Minnesota 
and South Dakota, south to western 
Maryland and Iowa. Called wild 
chess. 

26. Bromus fronddsus (Shear) 
Woot. and Standl. (Fig. 25.) Culms 
erect to weakly reclining, 80 to 100 
cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or the 
lower pilose; blades pale green, sca- 
brous, mostly less than 5 mm. wide, 
occasionally to 10 mm., rarely wider; 
panicle open, drooping, the slender 
lower branches naked below; first 
glume 2- to 3-nerved; lemmas pubes- 
cent all over, rarely nearly glabrous. 
2. (B. porteri var. frondosus Shear.) 
—Open woods and rocky slopes, 


Figure 24.—Bromus kalmii, X 1. (Chase 1866%, Ind.) 


25. Bromus kalmii A. Gray. (Fig. 
24.) Culms slender, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall, usually pubescent at and a little 
below the nodes; sheaths usually 
shorter than the internodes, pilose 
or the upper glabrous; blades usually 
sparsely pilose on both surfaces, 5 
to 10 mm. wide; panicle rather few- 
flowered, drooping, mostly 5 to 10 
cm. long, the branches slender, flex- 
uous, bearing usually 1 to 3 spike- 


Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and 
Arizona. 


Section 3. Brémtum Dum. 


Annuals; spikelets subcompressed; 
glumes and lemmas compara- 
tively broad, elliptic or oblong- 
elliptic. Introduced, mostly from 
Europe. 

27. Bromus brizaeférmis Fisch. 
and Mey. RATTLESNAKE CHESS. (Fig. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 47 


Fieure 25.—Bromus frondosus, X 1. (Hitchcock 13282, N. Mex.) 


26.) Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths 
and blades pilose-pubescent; panicle 
5 to 15 cm. long, lax, secund, droop- 
ing; spikelets rather few, oblong- 
ovate, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, about 1 
em. wide; glumes broad, obtuse, the 
first 3- to 5-nerved, the second 5- 
to 9-nerved, about twice as long as 
the first; lemmas 10 mm. long, very 
broad, inflated, obtuse, smooth, with 
a broad scarious margin, nearly or 
quite awnless. © —Sandy fields 
and waste ground, Canada and Alas- 
ka; occasional from Washington, 
Montana, and Wyoming to Cali- 
fornia, rare eastward to Massachu- 
setts and Delaware; introduced from 
Europe. Sometimes cultivated for 
ornament. 

28. Bromus secalinus L. CuHess. 
(Fig. 27.) Culms erect, 30 to 60 cm. 
tall; foliage glabrous or the lower 
sheaths sometimes puberulent; pan- 
icle pyramidal, nodding, 7 to 12 cm. 
long, the lower branches 3 to 5, un- 
equal, shghtly drooping; spikelets 
ovoid-lanceolate, becoming somewhat 
turgid at maturity, 1 to 2 cm. long, 
6 to 8 mm. wide; glumes obtuse, the 
first 3- to 5-nerved, 4 to 6 mm. long, 
the second 7-nerved, 6 to 7 mm. 
long; lemmas 7-nerved, 6 to 8 mm. 
long, elliptic, obtuse, smooth or sca- 
berulous, the margin strongly in- 
volute at maturity, shortly bidentate 
at apex, the undulate awns usually 


Figure 26.—Bromus AER x V%. (Leckenby 
ash. 


3 to 5 mm. long, sometimes very 
short or obsolete; palea about as 
long as lemma. © —Introduced 
from Europe, a weed in grainfields 
and waste places, more orless through- 
out the United States. Also called 
cheat. Occasionally utilized for hay 
in Washington and Oregon. In fruit 
the turgid florets are somewhat dis- 
tant so that, viewing the spikelet side- 
wise, the light passes through the 
small openings at base of each floret. 
BROMUS SECALINUS var. VELUTINUS 


48 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 27.—Bromus secalinus. Plant, X 1%; spikelet and floret, X 5. Chase, II.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 49 


(Schrad.) Koch. Spikelets pubescent. 
© —Oregon (Corvallis, The Dalles). 
Europe. 

The species of the group containing 
Bromus secalinus, B. commutatus, B. 
mollis, and B. racemosus are closely 
allied, differentiated only by arbi- 
trary characters. The forms are recog- 
nized as species in most recent 
European floras and this disposition 
is here followed. 


Figure 28.—Bromus commutatus, X 5. (Amer. Gr. 
Natl. Herb. 890, Va.) 


29. Bromus commutatus Schrad. 
Harry cHEss. (Fig. 28.) Resembling 
B. secalinus, but the sheaths retrorse- 
ly pilose; the blades more or less 
pubescent; lemmas at maturity less 


plump and more overlapping; awn 
commonly somewhat longer. © 
Introduced from Europe, a weed in 
fields and waste places, Washington 
to California, Montana, and Wyo- 
ming, eastward through the Northern 
States, thence less commonly south- 
ward. BROMUS COMMUTATUS. var. 
APRICORUM Simonkai. Lemmas pubes- 
cent. © —Washington, Nevada, 
and California; rare. Introduced from 
Europe. 

30. Bromus mollis L. Sorr cHuss. 
(Fig. 29.) Softly pubescent through- 
out; culms erect, 20 to 80 cm. tall; 
panicle erect, contracted, 5 to 10 cm. 
long, or, in depauperate plants, re- 
duced to a few spikelets; glumes 
broad, obtuse, coarsely pilose or sca- 
brous-pubescent, the first 3- to 5- 
nerved, 4 to 6 mm. long, the second 
5- to 7-nerved, 7 to 8 mm. long; 
lemmas broad, soft, obtuse, 7-nerved, 


Figure 29.—Bromus mollis, X 1. (Hall 258, Calif.) 


coarsely pilose or scabrous-pubescent, 
rather deeply bidentate, 8 to 9 mm. 
long, the margin and apex hyaline; 
awn rather stout, 6 to 9 mm. long; 
palea about three-fourths as long 
as lemma. © —Weed in waste 


50 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


places and cultivated soil, introduced 
from Europe, Canada, and Alaska, 
abundant on the Pacific coast, oc- 
casional eastward to Nova Scotia 
and south to North Carolina. This 
has been referred to B. hordeaceus 
L., a distinct European species. 


FicurE 30.—Bromus molliformis, X 1. (Chase 5564, 
Calif.) 


31. Bromus wmolliformis Lloyd. 
(Fig. 30.) Culms erect, mostly 10 to 
20 cm. tall, sometimes taller; lower 
sheaths felty-pubescent, the upper 
glabrous; blades narrow, the upper 
surface with scattered rather stiff 
hairs; panicle 2 to 4 em. long, ovoid, 
dense, few-flowered; spikelets oblong, 
compressed, 12 to 18 mm. long; 
glumes about 6 mm. long, the second 
broader, loosely pilose, the hairs 
spreading; lemmas thinner and nar- 
rower than in B. mollis, closely im- 
bricate, about 8 mm. long, appressed- 
pilose, the margin whitish; awn from 
below the entire apex, 5 to 7 mm. 
long; palea a little shorter than the 
lemma; anthers 0.4 mm. long, about 
as broad. © —Open _— ground, 
southern California; Texas (College 
Station); introduced from Europe. 

32. Bromus racemdsus L. (Fig. 
31.) Differing from B. mollis in the 
somewhat more open panicle and 
glabrous or scabrous lemmas. © 
(Including what in this country has 
been called B. hordeaceus glabrescens 
Shear, B. hordeaceus var. leptostachys 
Beck, and B. mollis f. letostachys 


Fernald.)—Weed in waste places, 
chiefly on the Pacific coast and east 
to Montana, Colorado, and Arizona; a 
few points from Wisconsin and Illi- 
nois to Maine and North Carolina; 
introduced from Europe. 

Bromus scoparius L. Resembling 
B. molliformis; culms 20 to 30 em. 
tall; sheaths soft-pubescent; blades 
glabrous, scabrous or sparingly pilose; 
panicle contracted, erect, 3 to 7 cm. 
long; spikelets about 1.5 em. long, 3 
to 4 mm. wide; lemmas about 7 mm. 
long, narrow, glabrous; awn 5 to 8 
mm. long, finally divaricate. © — 
Introduced from Europe in California 
(Mariposa), Virginia (Newport News, 
on ballast), and Michigan (School- 
craft). 

Bromus macrostachys Desf. An- 
nual; culms erect, 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
panicle narrow, compact, consisting 
of a few large coarsely pilose, awned 
spikelets about 3 cm. long.§ © — 
Wool waste, Yonkers, N. Y., and 
College Station, Tex. Sometimes cul- 
tivated for ornament. Mediterranean 
region. 


Ficurek 31.—Bromus racemosus, X 5. 
(Hitchcock 2667, Calif.) 


33. Bromus squarrésus L. (Fig. 
32.) Culms mostly 20 to 30 cm. tall, 
erect; sheaths and blades softly and 
densely pubescent; blades 5 to 15 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, usually erect; 
panicles nodding, the relatively 
coarse, short branches subverticillate, 
flexuous, bearing 1 or 2 large spike- 
lets; spikelet about 2 cm. long, 5 to 8 
mm. wide, somewhat inflated; awns 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES ol 


flat, spreading or recurved, about 1 
em.long. © —Waste places, Mich- 
igan and North Dakota. Introduced 
from Europe. 

34. Bromus japonicus Thunb. 
JAPANESE cHEsS. (Fig. 33.) Culms 
erect or geniculate at base, 40 to 70 
em. tall; sheaths and blades pilose; 
panicle 12 to 20 cm. long, broadly 
pyramidal, diffuse, somewhat droop- 
ing, the slender lower branches 3 to 5, 
all the branches more or less flexuous; 
glumes rather broad, the first acute, 
3-nerved, 4 to 6 mm. long, the second 
obtuse, 5-nerved, 6 to 8 mm. long; 
lemmas broad, obtuse, smooth, 7 to 9 
mm. long, 9-nerved, the marginal 
pair of nerves faint, the hyaline mar- 
gin obtusely angled above the mid- 
dle, the apex blunt, emarginate; awn 
8 to 10 mm. long, usually somewhat 
twisted and flexuous at maturity, 
those of the lower florets shorter than 


Figure 33.—Bromus japonicus, X 1. (Deam 6833, Ind.) 


the upper; palea 1.5 to 2 mm. shorter 
than the lemma. © (BB. patulus 
Mert. and Koch)—Weed in waste 
places, Vermont to Washington, 
south to North Carolina and Cali- 
fornia; Alberta; widely distributed in 
the Old World, whence introduced. 
BROMUS JAPONICUS Var. PORRECTUS 
Hack. Differing only in straight awns. 
© —New York to Utah and New 
Mexico infrequent; more common 
from Maryland to Alabama. In some 


mature panicles both straight and 
flexuous-divergent awns occur. In B. 
japonicus before maturity the awns 
are straight and identity is often un- 
certain. Specimens of this have been 
distributed as B. japonicus var. sub- 
squarrosus. 

35. Bromus arvénsis L. (Fig. 34.) 
Resembling B. japonicus, foliage 
downy to subglabrous; spikelets thin- 
ner, flatter (less turgid), often tinged 
with purple; lemmas acute, bifid; awn 


o2 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 35.—Bromus arenarius, X 1. (Pendleton 1459, Calif.) 


straight or nearly so in drying; palea 
as long as the lemma or only slightly 
shorter. ©  —Open ground, culti- 
vated soil, New York, Maryland; 
North Dakota, Nevada, Arizona, and 
California. 

36. Bromus arenarius Labill. Aus- 
TRALIAN CHESS. (Fig. 35.) Culms 
slender, 15 to 40 em. tall, sheaths and 
blades pilose; panicle open, pyram- 
idal, nodding, 8 to 11 (rarely 15) cm. 
long, the spreading branches and 
pedicels sinuously curved; glumes 
densely pilose, acute, scarious-mar- 
gined, the first narrower, 3-nerved, 8 
mm. long, the second 7-nerved, 10 
mm. long; lemmas densely pilose, 7- 
nerved, 10 mm. long; awn straight, 10 
to 16 mm. long.. © —Sandy road- 
sides, gravelly or sterile hills, Oregon, 
California, Nevada, and Arizona; ad- 
ventive at Philadelphia, Pa.; intro- 
duced from Australia. 

Bromus alopeciros Poir. Weedy 
annual 20 to 40 cm. tall; foliage softly 
pubescent; panicle narrow, dense, 5 
to 10 cm. long; spikelets short- 
pedicellate, about 2 cm. long, the 


glumes and lemmas softly pubescent, 
the awn of the lemma, flat, twisted at 
the base, spreading, 1.5 to 2 cm. long. 
© —Adventive in waste ground, 
Ann Arbor, Mich. Mediterranean 
region. 


SEcTION 4. Eusrémus Godr. 

Tufted annuals; spikelets compressed ; 
glumes and lemmas narrow, long- 
awned; first glume 1-nerved, the 
second 3-nerved; lemma 5- to 7- 
nerved, cleft at the apex, the 
hyaline teeth 2 to 5 mm. long; 
floret at maturity with a sharp 
hard point or callus. Introduced 
from Europe. 


37. Bromus rigidus Roth. Ripcut 
crass. (Fig. 36.) Culms 40 to 70 cm. 
tall; sheaths and blades pilose; panicle 
open, nodding, rather few-flowered, 7 
to 15 em. long, the lower branches 1 
to 2 em. long; spikelets usually 5- to 
7-flowered, 3 to 4 em. long, excluding 
awns; glumes smooth, the first 1.5 to 
2 cm. long, the second 2.5 to 3 cm. 
long; lemmas 2.5 to 3 cm. long, sca- 
brous or puberulent, the teeth 3 to 4 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES o3 


mm. long; awn stout, 3.5 to 5 cm. 
long. © (B. willosus Forsk. not 
Scop.; B. maximus Desf., not Gilib.) 
—Common weed in open ground and 
waste places in the southern half of 
California, forming dense stands over 
great areas in the lowlands, occasional 
north to British Columbia and east to 
Idaho, Utah, and Arizona; rare in 
the Eastern States, Maryland, Vir- 
ginia, Mississippi, Texas, introduced 
from Mediterranean region. Distin- 
guished from the other species of the 
section by the long awns. Bromus 
RIGIDUS Var. GUSSONEI (Parl.) Coss. 
and Dur. Differing in having more 
open panicles, the stiffer, more spread- 
ing lower branches as much as 10 to 


12 cm. long. © —Weed like B. 
rigidus, growing in similar places, 
Washington to California, and Ari- 
zona; more common than the species 
in middle and northern California. 
38. Bromus stérilis L. (Fig. 37.) 
Resembling B. rigidus, less robust; 
culms 50 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths pu- 
bescent; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches drooping; spikelets 2.5 to 
3.5 cm. long, 6- to 10-flowered; glumes 
lanceolate-subulate, the first about 8 
mm. long; lemmas 17 to 20 mm. long, 
scabrous or scabrous-pubescent, the 
teeth 2 mm. long; awn 2 to 3 cm. 
long. © -—Fields and waste places, 
introduced in a few localities from 
British Columbia to California and 


Figure 37.—Bromus sterilis, X 1. (Boettcher 2423, D. C.) 


54 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Colorado, and New Mexico; in the 
Eastern States from New England 
and Illinois to Virginia and Arkansas. 

39. Bromus riibens L. Foxrain 
cHEss. (Fig. 38.) Culms 15 to 40 em. 
tall, puberulent below the panicle; 
sheaths and blades pubescent; panicle 
erect, compact, ovoid, usually 4 to 8 
cm. long, usually purplish; spikelets 
4- to 11-flowered, about 2.5 cm. long; 


Figure 38.—Bromus rubens, X 1. (Blankenship 36, 
Calif.) 


first glume 7 to 9 mm. long, the second 
10 to 12 mm. long; lemmas scabrous 
to coarsely pubescent, 12 to 16 mm. 
long, the teeth 4 to 5 mm. long; awn 
18 to 22 mm. long, somewhat spread- 
ing at maturity. © —Dry hills and 
in waste or cultivated ground, Wash- 
ington to southern California, very 
abundant over extensive areas, and 
east to Idaho, Utah, and Arizona; 
Texas; Massachusetts. 


40. Bromus madriténsis L. (Fig. 
39.) Resembling B. rubens, but the 
culms smooth below the less dense 
panicles; sheaths mostly smooth; 
blades puberulent to glabrous; panicle 
© to 10 cm. long, oblong-ovoid (in 
dried specimens more or less fan- 


Ficure 39.—Bromus madritensis, X 1. (Eastwood, 
Calif.) 


shaped); lemmas a little longer than 
in B. rubens, the teeth 2 to 3 mm. 
long; awn rather stout, 16 to 22 mm. 
long. © —Open ground and waste 
places, Oregon and California; less 
common than B. rubens. Occasionally 
cultivated for ornament. 

41. Bromus tectorum L. Downy 
cHEss. (Fig. 40.) Culms erect or 
spreading, slender, 30 to 60 cm. tall; 


ay) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


SS 
= 


z = 


= Ss 
~ = 
—SSS 


Fiaure 40.—Bromus tectorum. Plant, X 16; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Chase 2051, Ind.) 


56 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


sheaths and blades pubescent; panicle 
5 to 15 em. long, rather dense, soft, 
drooping, often purple; spikelets nod- 
ding, 12 to 20 mm. long; glumes 
villous, the first 4 to 6 mm. long, the 
second 8 to 10 mm. long; lemmas 
lanceolate, villous or pilose, 10 to 12 
mm. long, the teeth 2 to 3 mm. long; 
awn 12to14mm.long. © —Along 
roadsides, banks, and waste places, 
common on the Pacific coast, espe- 
cially in Washington and Oregon; AI- 
berta, and here and there throughout 
the United States as far south as 
South Carolina and Texas. Bromus 
TECTORUM var. GLABRATUS Spenner. 
Differing in having glabrous spike- 
lets. © (B. tectorum var. nudus 
Klett and Richter.) —About the same 
range as the species, less common. 


Section 5. NEOBROMUs Shear, as subgenus. 


Annual; lemmas lanceolate, deeply 
bifid, the teeth aristate; awn 
twisted, geniculate. Approaches 
Trisetum. 


Figure 41.—Bromus trinii, X 1. (Eastwood, Calif.) 


42. Bromus trinii Desvy. CHILEAN 
cHEss. (Fig. 41.) Culms 30 to 60 
cm. or even 100 cm. tall, erect or 
branched and spreading below, often 
pubescent at the nodes; sheaths and 
blades pilose-pubescent to nearly 
smooth; panicle 8 to 20 cm. long, 
narrow, rather dense, erect, the 
branches erect or the lower more or 
less spreading or flexuous; spikelets 
narrow, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 5- to 7- 
flowered; glumes lanceolate, acumi- 


nate, the first mostly 1-nerved, 8 to 
10 mm. long, the second mostly 3- 
nerved, 12 to 16 mm. long; lemmas 
5-nerved, 12 to 14 mm. long, pubes- 
cent, acuminate, with narrow teeth 
2 to 3 mm. long, the teeth aristate; 
awn 1.5 to 2 em. long, twisted below, 
bent below the middle and strongly 
divaricate when old. © (Includ- 
ing B. trinii var. pallidiflorus Desv.) 
—Dry plains and rocky or wooded 
slopes, Oregon, California, and Baja 
California, rarely eastward to Colo- 
rado; introduced from Chile. 

BROMUS TRINII var. EXCELSUS 
Shear. Differing in having larger 
spikelets, 7-nerved lemmas, and di- 
varicate but not twisted or bent 
awns; teeth of the lemma acuminate, 
but not aristate. © —A little- 
known form from the Panamint 
Mountains, Calif., and Emory Can- 
yon, Lake Mead, Ariz. 


3. BRACHYPODIUM Beauv. 


Spikelets nearly sessile, several- to 
many-flowered, the rachilla disartic- 
ulating above the glumes and be- 
tween the florets; glumes unequal, 
sharp-pointed, 5- and 7-nerved; lem- 
mas firm, rounded or somewhat flat- 
tened on the back, 7-nerved, acumi- 
nate, awned or mucronate; palea as 
long as the body of the lemma, con- 
cave, the keels pectinate-ciliate. An- 
nuals or perennials with erect racemes 
of subsessile spikelets. Type species, 
Bromus pinnatus L. (Brachypodium 
pinnatum (L.) Beauv.) Name from 
brachys, short, and podion, foot, al- 
luding to the very short pedicels. 


Eurasian species introduced in the | 


United States; two American species 
only; Mexico to South America. 

1. Brachypodium distachyon (L.) 
Beauv. (Fig. 42.) Annual, branching 
and geniculate at base, 15 to 30 cm. 
tall; nodes pubescent; sheaths and 
blades sparsely pilose to subglabrous; 
ligule, 1.5 to 2 mm. long, pubescent; 
blades flat, 2 to 6 em. long, 3 to 4 
mm. wide; raceme strict, the seg- 
ments of the axis alternately con- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 57 


cave; spikelets 1 to 5, imbricate, 2 
to 3.5 cm. long, excluding the awns, 
5 to 6 mm. wide; florets closely im- 
bricate; lemmas scabrous, the slender 
scabrous erect awn 1 to 2 cm. long. 
The spikelets resemble those of some 
species of Agropyron. © —Open 
ground, Arapahoe County, Colo., 
Humboldt, Sonoma, and Marin Coun- 
ties, Calif.; on ballast, Camden, N. 
J.. and Portland, Oreg. Sparingly 
introduced from Europe, but spread- 
ing in Marin County, Calif. 


BRACHYPODIUM syLvATIcUM (Huds.) 
Beauv. Perennial, 60 to 100 cm. tall; blades 
to 25 cm. long and 1 cm. wide; raceme 12 to 
20 cm. long, the spikelets 4 to 5 cm. long, 
subterete, the lower distant, the upper 
closely imbricate. 2 Occasionally culti- 
vated for ornament and in grass gardens. 
Europe. 

BRACHYPODIUM CAESPITOSUM (Host) 
Roem. and Schult., a tall, leafy perennial, 
with racemes 8 to 12 em. long of overlapping 
spikelets 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the lemmas im- 
bricate, strongly nerved, glabrous, the awns 
about 5 mm. long. Introduced from Turkey; 
has been grown at the experiment station, 
Tucson, Ariz. 

BRACHYPODIUM PINNATUM (L.) Beauv., 
similar to the preceding, but with pubescent 
nodes, scabrous laxer foliage, and narrower 
spikelets with hirsute lemmas. Introduced 
from Rumania; has been grown in the Grass 
Garden, Beltsville, Md. The results of both 
trials are as yet inconclusive. 


Figure 42.—Brachypodium distachyon. Plant, Xx, 3 
glumes and floret, X 5. (J. T. Howell 23186, Calif.) 


4, FESTUCA L. Fescur 


Spikelets few- to several-flowered (rarely 1-flowered in some of the spikelets 
of a panicle), the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the 
florets, the uppermost floret reduced; glumes narrow, acute, unequal, the 
first sometimes very small; lemmas rounded on the back, membranaceous or 
somewhat indurate, 5-nerved, the nerves often obscure, acute or rarely obtuse, 
awned from the tip, or rarely from a minutely bifid apex, sometimes awnless. 
Low or rather tall annuals or perennials, the spikelets in narrow or open 
panicles. The blades are sometimes somewhat auriculate as in the Hordeae. 
Standard species, Festuca ovina. Name from Festuca, an old Latin name for a 
weedy grass. 

Many of the perennial species of fescue are important forage grasses in the 
grazing regions of the West. Festuca arizonica, Arizona fescue, of northern 
Arizona and F. idahoensis, Idaho fescue, of the region from Colorado to 
central California and northward, are important, though they become rather 
tough with age. F. viridula, greenleaf fescue, locally called mountain bunch- 


58 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


grass, 1s an outstanding grass in subalpine regions of the Northwestern States, 
and F. thurberz, Thurber fescue, is important in similar regions from Colorado 
to Montana. F’. ovina, sheep fescue, is a good grazing grass though not abun- 
dant, but its variety brachyphylla, alpine fescue, furnishes much of the forage 
above timber line from the Rocky Mountains westward. F. occidentalis, 
western fescue, in open woods up to 10,000 feet in the Northwest, and F. rubra, 
red fescue, widely distributed at various altitudes in the West, are valuable in 
proportion to their abundance. 

The most important cultivated species is F. elatior, meadow fescue, a native 
of Europe, used for hay and pasture in the humid region, especially in Ten- 
nessee, Missouri, and Kansas. F’. ovina, and its allies, and F. rubra, are culti- 
vated to a limited extent in the Eastern States as lawn or pasture grasses, 
usually in mixtures. 


Section 1. Vulpia 


la. Spikelets mostly more than 5-flowered. Lowest lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, the margin in- 
FOlled not SCATIOUS: 27. 2:28 nk ES Tae a ae eee Seen Oe 1. F. OCTOFLORA. 
1b. Spikelets mostly less than 5-flowered (sometimes 6- flowered 1 in F. dertonensis and F. 
sciurea). Lemmas usually scarious-margined. 
2a. Panicle narrow, the branches appressed. 


Lemmas appressed-pubescent over the back, about 3 mm. long... 2. FE. SCIUREA. 
Lemmas glabrous, scabrous or ciliate, not pubescent over the back. 
Leminas ciliate toward the apex: =. = eee 3. F. MEGALURA. 


Lemmas not ciliate. 
First glume two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the second. 
4, F. DERTONENSIS. 
First glume much shorter than the second, 1 to 2 mm. long........ 5. F. MYUROS. 
2b. Panicle rather short, the branches and often the spikelets spreading (scarcely spread- 
ing in F. arida). 
3a. Spikelets glabrous. 
Pedicels appressed; lower branches of the panicle usually finally reflexed; spikelets 
usually: 3= to '>-llowered 2.225. <== oe ee oe 6. F. PACIFICA. 
Pedicels or nearly all of them finally reflexed, notably those of the upper part of the 
main axis; branches of the panicle reflexed; spikelets mostly 1- or 2-flowered. 
10. F. REFLEXA. 
3b. Spikelets pubescent, the pubescence on glumes or lemmas or on both. 
4a. Pedicels appressed or slightly spreading; lower branches of panicle usually spread- 
ing or reflexed. 
Lemmas glabrous; glumes. pubescent........2....----..--.2-------0--ceteseeeneees 7. F. CONFUSA. 
Lemmas pubescent. 
Lemmas hirsute; glumes glabrous or pubescent ; lower branches of panicle spread- 


ing or reflexed Ae IC AMONG, Sort Oe Sentra sf Sk 8. F. GRAYI. 
Lemmas woolly-pubescent; glumes glabrous; panicle nearly simple, the 
branches scarcely spreading gj kate, One oad fe ae eee eee 9. F. aRIDA. 

4b. Pedicels and panicle branches all finally spreading or reflexed. 
Glumes glabrous; lemmas pubescent.........-_..----------------------- 11. F. MICROSTACHYS. 
Glumes pubescent; lemmas pubescent a er ee 12. F. EASTWOODAE. 
Glumes pubescent; lemmas elabrous:22 2 eee 13. > Fo Racy. 


Section 2. Hufestuca 


la. Blades flat, rather soft and lax, mostly more than 3 mm. wide. 
Lemmas aw ned, the awn usually more than 2 mm. long. 
Floret long- -stipitate, the rachilla appearing to be jointed a short distance below the 
floret 22S) ee EE a ae ee Oe 14. F. SUBULIFLORA. 
Floret not stipitate. 

Lemmas indistinctly nerved; awn terminal; blades 3 to 10 mm. wide. 
15. F. SUBULATA. 
Lemmas distinctly 5-nerved; awn from between 2 short teeth; blades 2 to 4 mm. wide. 
F,. ELMERI. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 59 


Lemmas awnless or with an awn rarely as much as 2 mm. long. 
Spikelets oblong to linear, mostly 8- to 10-flowered and more than 10 mm. long. 
17. F. ELATIOR. 
Spikelets ovate or oval, mostly not more than 5-flowered, less than 10 mm. long. 
Lemmas acuminate, sometimes with an awn as much as 2 mm. long, membranaceous, 


distinctly merved'76 to.9 mmalong 25 ee 18. F. SoRoRIA. 
Lemmas awnless, obtuse to acutish, rather firm, indistinctly nerved. 
Pemmas onto. mime lone. acutish= ene fol se eee hs ee 19. F. VERSUTA. 


Lemmas about 4 mm. long, relatively blunt, rather turgid. 
Spikelets loosely scattered in a very open panicle with long slender branches. 


F. OBTUSA. 
Spikelets somewhat aggregate toward the ends of rather short branches of a less 
Gpeninoddimeypanicle:ie2 5 4:20 ee 21. F. PARADOXA. 


1b. Blades involute or if flat less than 3 mm. wide (sometimes flat in F. californica, but firm 
and soon involute). 
Ligule 2 to 4 mm. long or longer. Lemmas awnless or cuspidate. 
Wemnmase/pumioe OMG ew Se Ae 22. F. THURBERI. 
erase armies tomer ene Gey ee ee 23.° F. LIGULATA. 
Ligule short. 
Collar and mouth of sheath villous. Culms tall and stout (rather short in var. parishit). 
25. F. CALIFORNICA. 
Collar and mouth of sheath not villous. 
Panicle branches densely ciliate on the angles. Blades about 1 mm. wide, flat or 
ODAC el eect tee hn SOUS CN ta a 26. F. DASYCLADA. 
Panicle branches not ciliate on the angles. 
Culms decumbent at the usually red, fibrillose base, in loose tufts. Awn of lemma 
shorter than the body; blades smooth..........-.....2..---2.-----------++- 28. F. RUBRA. 
Culms erect. 
Lemmas 7 to 10 mm. long, scabrous. Culms densely tufted, rather stout, usually 
scabrous below the panicle; lemmas acute, rarely short-awned. 
24. F. SCABRELLA. 
Lemmas mostly not more than 7 mm. long. 
Lemmas awnless (see also F’. arizonica). 
Lemmas 6 to 7 mm. long; culms slender, loosely tufted. 
F. VIRIDULA. 
emumnaspalooutrs min, donee 8 cs oe Bee Ale Th 31. F. CAPILLATA. 
Lemmas awned. 
Awn as long as or longer than body of the lemma; blades soft, glabrous, 


SUM Cate reer be ae seere mrs Sse A ee 29. F. OCCIDENTALIS. 
Awn shorter than body of the lemma; blades slender, numerous, usually 
scabrous. 


Blades mostly not more than half as long as the culms; panicle narrow, 
often almost spikelike, few-flowered, mostly less than 10 cm. long; 


culms mostly less than 30 cm. tall....................2......-. 30. F. OVvINA. 
Blades elongate; panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, somewhat open; culms 30 to 
100 cm. tall. 
PACs LOLA MOTTA OMG ste st te dak fe See) ei 32. IF. IDAHOENSIS. 
mMworshortor obsolete 222 8 oe ee es 33. F. ARIZONICA. 


SECTION 1. VuLPIA (Gmel.) Reichenb. 


Slender annuals; lemmas awned; sta- 1. Festuca octofldra Walt. Srx- 
mens usually 1, sometimes 3; WEEKS FESCUE. (Fig. 43.) Culms 
flowers usually self-pollinated, erect, usually 15 to 30 cm. tall, 
but young panicles arefound with sometimes as much as 60 cm.; blades 
anthers and stigmas exserted. narrow, involute, 2 to 10 cm. long; 
Some of the species, especially panicle narrow, the branches short, 
numbers 7 to 13, resemble each appressed or spreading; spikelets 6 
other closely. The differences, to 8 mm. long, densely 5- to 13- 
though small, appear to be con- flowered; glumes subulate-lanceolate, 
stant, hence the recognizable the first l-nerved, the second 3- 
forms are maintained as species, nerved, 3 to 4.5 mm. long; lemmas 
rather than reduced to varieties firm, convex, lanceolate, glabrous or 
under leading species. scabrous, 4 to 5 mm. long, the mar- 


60 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


gins not scarious; awn commonly 3 
to 5, sometimes to 7 mm. long. © 

—Open sterile ground, New York to 
Florida, Illinois, Kansas, and Texas; 
Idaho, Washington. The species and 


SSS 


= =< 


its varieties are found throughout the 
United States. 

FESTUCA OCTOFLORA var. TENELLA 
(Willd.) Fernald. Mostly smaller; 
panicle usually nearly simple; spike- 


FiGcurE 43.—Festuca octoflora. Plant, X %; spikelet, 
X 5. (Chase 1776, Ind.) 


lets smaller; first glume 2.3 to 4 mm. 
long, awns 1 to 5 mm. Distinctions 
not constant, many intermediates 
occur. © —Canada and Connecti- 
cut to Washington, south to Virginia, 
Tennessee, and Oklahoma; Georgia, 
Alabama, Texas; Colorado, Nevada, 
and New Mexico. 

FESTUCA OCTOFLORA var. GLAUCA 
(Nutt.) Fernald. Panicle shorter and 
denser than in most specimens of 
var. tenella; awn of lemma from 
minute to 2 mm. long. Intergrades 
with var. tenella. © —Indiana, Ar- 
kansas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, 
and Texas. 

FESTUCA OCTOFLORA Var. HIRTELLA 
Piper. Commonly rather low and 
densely tufted; foliage sometimes 
pubescent; panicle usually rather 
dense; lemma hirtellous or pubescent, 
sometimes strongly scabrous only; 
awns mostly 2 to 4 mm. long. Inter- 
grades with F. octoflora and with var. 
tenella. © —British Columbia to 
Baja California, east to Kansas and 
Texas; Florida. 

2. Festuca scitirea Nutt. (Fig. 44.) 
Culms erect, 15 to 50 cm. tall; blades 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 61 


less than 1 mm. wide, often capillary, 
soft, mostly involute, 1 to 10 cm. 
long; panicle narrow, 5 to 20 cm. 
long; spikelets 4- to 6-flowered, 4 to 
5 mm. long; first glume 2 mm. long, 
the second 3.5 mm. long; lemmas 3 
to 3.5 mm. long, sparsely appressed- 
pubescent; awn 6 to 11 mm. long. 
© —Open ground, New Jersey and 
Maryland to Florida, west to Okla- 
homa and Texas. 


Fiaure 44.—Festuca sciurea. Panicle, X 14; spikelet, 
5. (Reverchon, Tex.) 


3. Festuca megalira Nutt. Fox- 
TAIL FESCUR. (Fig. 45.) Culms 20 to 
60 cm. tall; sheaths and narrow blades 
glabrous; panicle narrow, 7 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches appressed; spike- 
lets 4- or 5-flowered; first glume 1.5 to 
2 mm. long, the second 4 to 5 mm. 
long; lemmas linear-lanceolate, sca- 
brous on the back especially toward 
the apex, ciliate on the upper half; 
awn 8 to 10 mm. long. © —Open 


sterile ground, British Columbia to 
Baja California, common in the Coast 
Ranges of California, east to Mon- 
tana and Arizona; introduced in a 
few localities eastward; Guatemala; 
Pacific slope of South America. In 
mature lemmas the cilia may be ob- 
scured by the inrolling of the edges; 
moistening the floret will bring the 
cilia to view. 


\ 


Fieure 45.—Festuca megalura. Panicle, X 1; spikelet, 
X< 5. (Leiberg 150, Oreg.) 


62 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


4, Festuca dertonénsis (All.) As- long, the second 6 to 7 mm. long; 
chers. and Graebn. (Fig. 46.) Resem- lemma lanceolate, scabrous on the 
bling F. megalura, the panicles on the back toward the apex, 7 to 8 mm. 
average shorter, usually less dense; long;awn10to13mm.long. © — 
glumes longer, the first about 4mm. Dry hills and meadows, British Co- 


BUY ft | 
i b if A ‘a Ns Ly | 7 F 1 
\f/ |i ENA WE aed 
b \ \ Az yy { 
& ; | i] ey Lif. Fj | ! 
/ \ \ 1 i 5 J i 
ae i 
; f 
Lanne WM YY ZZ 
N WN ) Yi 
4\ 4 Z Y a7 >, 
I WZ 
} } | SW ZA Ss 
{ : —— ay > + , BSS 8 Sz 
Ny ee er ee a ee ee 
i a oe ee RRS 
ke wee RES SRO 
\\ Leas \ Pim 5 Gy. = 
WN OG eas Weg 
Ficur5 46.—Festuca dertonensis. Plant, X 4%; spikelet, X 5. (Palmer 2041, Calif.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 63 


lumbia to southern California, Ari- 
zona, and Texas; rare as a waif in the 
Eastern States; introduced from Eu- 
rope. This species has been referred to 
F. bromoides L. by American authors. 


Fiaure 47.—Festuca myuros. Spikelet, 
X 5. (Chase 2393, D. C.) 


5. Festuca mytiros L. (Fig. 47.) 
Differing from F’. megalura chiefly in 
the absence of cilia on the lemma; 
‘panicle usually smaller, first glume 1 
to 1.5 mm., the second 4 to 4.5 mm. 
long. © —Open ground, Coastal 
Plain, Massachusetts to Texas; Ohio; 
Wisconsin; Pacific coast, Washington 
to southern California; Arizona; Mex- 
ico and South America; introduced 
from Europe. 

6. Festuca pacifica Piper. (Fig. 48.) 
Culms erect or geniculate at base, 30 
to 60 cm. tall; blades soft, loosely in- 
volute, glabrous, 3 to 5 cm. long; pan- 
icle 5 to 12 ecm. long, the lower 
branches solitary, somewhat distant, 
subsecund, spreading, 1 to 3 cm. long; 
spikelets 3- to 6-flowered; first glume 
subulate-lanceolate, about 4 mm. 
long, the second lanceolate-acumi- 


nate, about 5 mm. long; lemmas lan- 
ceolate, glabrous or scaberulous, 6 to 
7 mm. long; awn 10 to 15 mm. long. 
© —Open ground, mountain slopes, 
and open woods, British Columbia to 


L fi 


I) 
i 
Figure 48.—Festuca pacifica. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
< 10. (Type. 


Baja California, east to western Mon- 


tana and New Mexico. 

FESTUCA PACIFICA var. SIMULANS 
Hoover. All spikelets reflexed or di- 
vergent at maturity. © —Kern 
and Kings Counties, Calif. 

7. Festuca confiisa Piper. (Fig. 49.) 
Resembling F. pacifica; sheaths re- 
trorsely pilose; foliage pubescent; 
spikelets usually 2- or 3-flowered; 
glumes hirsute with long spreading 
hairs; lemmas glabrous. © —Dry 
hillsides, Washington to southern 
California. 

8. Festuca grayi (Abrams) Piper. 
(Fig. 50.) Resembling F. paczfica, 
often somewhat stouter; sheaths and 
sometimes blades pubescent; glumes 
glabrous to sparsely villous; lemmas 
pubescent, puberulent or sometimes 
villous. © (F. microstachys var. 
grayt Abrams.)—Open ground and 
rocky slopes, Washington to southern 
California and Arizona. 

9. Festuca arida Elmer. (Fig. 51.) 
Culms erect or spreading, mostly less 
than 15 cm. tall; sheaths and blades 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


64 


—— 
——— 
EAA 


FiGureE 49.—Festuca confusa. Plant, 
X 1; spikelet, X 5. (Type.) 


Figure 50.—Festuca grayi. Plant, X %;spikelet, X 5. (Pringle, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 65 


\ 
\ 
\ 
f 
y 
i 
ie 
VAG, 
PY 
Vy 
mM 


Figure 51.—Festuca arida. Plant, X 1%; spikelet, 
xX 5. (Type.) 


glabrous, the blades loosely involute, 
mostly less than 4 cm. long; panicle 
narrow, 2 to 5 em. long, the branches 
appressed or the lowermost somewhat 
spreading; glumes about equal, gla- 
brous, 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 
densely woolly, about 5 mm. long; 
awn 5to10mm.long. © —Sandy 
_ or dry ground, rare, eastern Washing- 
ton and Oregon, southwestern [daho, 
northeastern California, and western 
Nevada. 

10. Festuea refléxa Buckl. (Fig. 
52.) Culms 20 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous or pubescent; blades nar- 
row, flat to subinvolute, 2 to 10 cm. 
long; panicle 5 to 12 cm. long, the 
solitary branches and the spikelets all 
at length divaricate; spikelets mostly 
1- to 3-flowered, 5 to 7 mm. long; first 
glume 2 to 4 mm. long, the second 4 
to 5 mm. long; lemmas glabrous or 
scaberulous, 5 to 6 mm. long; awn 
nsually 5 to 8 mm. long. ©  — 
Mesas, rocky slopes, and wooded 


hills, Washington to southern Cali- 
fornia, east to Arizona and Utah. 

11. Festuca microstachys Nutt. 
(Fig. 53.) Resembling F. reflexa; 
glumes glabrous; lemmas pubescent. 
© —Open ground, Washington to 
California; rare. 


Figure 52.—Festuca reflexa. Pani- 
cle, X 14; spikelet, X 5. (Brande- 
gee 71, Calif.) 


x 5, 


Figure 53,—Festuca microstachys. Spikelet, 
(Allen, Calif.) 


66 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


12. Festuca eastwoodae Piper. 
(Fig. 54.) Resembling F. reflexa; 
glumes hirsute; lemmas hirsute, the 
awn 4 to 5mm. long. © —Open 
ground, Oregon, Arizona, and Cali- 
fornia; rare. 


) 


Se 
SN 


“oi 


FicuRE 55. — Festuca 
tracyi. Panicle, X 4%; 
glumes, X 5; floret, X 
5. (Type.) 


Figure 54. — Festuca 
eastwoodae. Panicle, X 
44; glumes, xX 5. 
(Type.) 


13. Festuca tracyi Hitche. (Fig. 
55.) Resembling F. refleva; glumes 
rather sparsely hispid-villous, the 
first 1.5 to 2 mm. long, acute, the sec- 
ond 3 to 4 mm. long, obtusish or 
abruptly acute; lemmas glabrous, 
about 4 mm. long; awn 4 to 7 mm. 
long. ©  —Open rocky ground, 
Washington (Bingen) and California 
(Kings and Napa Counties). 


SECTION 2. Eurestuca Griseb. 


Perennials, culms simple, stamens 3. | 


14, Festuca’ subuliflora  Scribn. 
(Fig 56.) Culms erect, slender, 60 to 
100 cm. tall; blades flat (or loosely in- 
volute in drying), lax, pubescent on 
the upper surface, those of the culm 
mostly 2 to 4 mm. wide, those of the 
innovations narrower; panicle loose, 
lax, 10 to 20 em. long, nodding, the 
branches drooping, the lower naked at 
base: spikelets loosely 3- to 5-flow- 
ered, the rachilla pubescent or hispid, 
the internodes of the rachilla as much 
as 2 mm. long; floret long-stipitate, 
the rachilla appearing to be jointed a 
short distance below the floret; glumes 
very narrow, acuminate, the first 3 to 
4 mm., the second 4 to 5 mm., long; 
lemmas scaberulous toward the apex, 
6 to 8 mm, long; awn somewhat flexu- 
ous, 10 to 15mm. long. 2 —Moist 


shady places from sea level to 1,000 
m., British Columbia to northern 
California, mostly near the coast. 
Peculiar in the stipitate base of the 
lemma. Aspect of F. subulata. 

15. Festuca subulata Trin. 
BEARDED FESCUE. (Fig. 57.) Culms 
erect, mostly 50 to 100 ecm. tall; 
blades flat, thin, lax, 3 to 10 mm. 
wide; panicle loose, open, drooping, 
15 to 40 cm. long, the branches 
mostly in twos or threes, naked be- 
low, finally spreading or reflexed, the 
lower as much as 15 cm. long; spike- 
lets loosely 3- to 5-flowered; glumes 
narrow, acuminate, the first about 3 
mm., the second about 5 mm., long; 
lemmas somewhat keeled, scaberulous 


TI':qureE 56.—Festuca subuliflora. Panicle, X 14; spike- 
let, X 5. (Howell 19, Oreg.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 67 


Fiaure 57.—Festuca subulata. Pan- 
icle, X 4; floret, X 5. (Hitch- 
cock 23511, Oreg.) 


- toward the apex, the intermediate 
nerves obscure, the tip attenuate into 
an awn 5 to 20 mm. long. 2 — 
Shady banks and moist thickets, up 
to 2,000 m., southeastern Alaska to 
Wyoming, Utah, and northern Cali- 
fornia. 

16. Festuca élmeri Scribn. and 
Merr. (Fig. 58.) Culms loosely tufted, 
slender, 40 to 100 cm. tall, or even 
taller; blades flat, scabrous or pubes- 


Fiaure 58.—Festuca elmer! Panicle, X %; spikelet, 
5. (Type.) 


cent on upper surface, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide, those of the innovations nar- 
rower, more or less involute; panicle 
loose, open, 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches slender, somewhat drooping, 
naked below, the lower as much as 10 
em. long; spikelets 3- or 4-flowered; 
glumes lanceolate-acuminate, the first 
2 to 2.5 mm., the second 3 to 4 mm. 
long; lemmas membranaceous, his- 
pidulous, about 6 mm. long, the 
nerves rather prominent, the apex 
minutely 2-toothed; awn 2 to 8 mm. 
long. 2 —Wooded hillsides, up to 
500 m., mostly in the Coast Ranges, 
Oregon to central California. Festuca 
ELMERI var. CONFERTA (Hack.) 
Hitche. More luxuriant; spikelets 
often 5- or 6-flowered and somewhat 
congested on the panicle branches. 
2 (F. jonesi var. conferta Hack.)— 
Coast Ranges of California. 

17. Festuca elatior L. Mrapow 
FESCUE. (Fig. 59.).Culms 50 to 120 
cm. tall; blades flat, 4 to 8 mm. wide, 
scabrous above; panicle erect, or nod- 
ding at summit, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
contracted after flowering, much- 
branched or nearly simple, the 
branches spikelet-bearing nearly to 
base; spikelets usually 6- to 8-flow- 
ered, 8 to 12 mm. long; glumes 3 and 
4 mm. long, lanceolate; lemmas ob- 
long-lanceolate, coriaceous, 5 to 7 


mm. long, the scarious apex acutish, 


rarely short-awned. 2 (Festuca 
pratensis Huds.)—Meadows, road- 
sides, and waste places; introduced 
throughout the cooler parts of North 
America; native of Eurasia. Culti- 
vated for meadow and pasture. Some- 
times called English bluegrass. 

Festuca gigantéa (L.) Vill. Blades 
broad, flat, thin; panicles open; lem- 
mas long-awned, the awn flexuous and 
2 or 3 times as long as the lemma. 
21 —Dobbs Ferry, N. Y.; adventive 
from Europe. 

Festuca arundinacea Schreb. REED 
FESCUE, ALTA FESCUE. Culms some- 
what taller and more robust than in 
F. elatior, and without rhizomes; 
blades longer; panicles 15 to 32 cm. 
long with more numerous branches 


68 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and spikelets, the spikelets broader, 
mostly looser, the lemmas 7 to 10 
mm. long. 2 (F. elatior var. arundi- 
nacea (Schreb.) Wimm.)— Roadsides 
and meadows; introduced from Eu- 
rope, sparingly spontaneous, Maine, 


Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, 


Michigan, Utah, Washington to Cali- 
fornia. Recently rather widely culti- 
vated in the Northern States, and 
also in Kentucky. 


Figure 59.—Festuca elatior. Plant, X 1%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Amer. Gr. Nat]. Herb. 488, D. C.) 


SS 


ee 


a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


a 


Fieure 60.—Festuca sororia. Panicle, 
xX %; floret, X 5. (Baker 36, Colo.) 


18. Festuca sororia Piper. (Fig. 
60.) Culms erect, loosely tufted, 60 
to 90 cm. tall; blades flat, thin, 
smooth except the scabrous margins, 
3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle loose, open, 
nodding, or sometimes somewhat con- 
densed, 10 to 15 cm. long, the branches 
solitary or in twos, naked below; 
spikelets rather loosely 3- to 5- 
flowered; glumes lanceolate, the first 
about 3 mm., the second about 5 
mm. long; lemmas membranaceous, 
somewhat keeled, scaberulous or near- 
ly smooth, the nerves evident but 
not prominent, the apex tapering into 
a fine point or an awn as much as 
2 mm. long. 2 —Open woods, 
2,000 to 3,000 m., southern Colorado 
and Utah to New Mexico and Ari- 
zona. 


Fiaure 61.—Festuca versuta. Panicle, X 14; spikelet, 
X 5. (Johnson, Tex.) 


69 


“ 19. Festuca versiita Beal. (Fig. 61.) 
Culms slender, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades flat, mostly 2 to 5 mm. wide; 
panicle open, 10 to 15 cm. long, the 
spreading lower branches bearing a 
few spikelets above the middle; 
spikelets 2- to 5-flowered; glumes 
narrow, acuminate, nearly equal, 5 
to 6 mm. long; lemmas firm, obscurely 
nerved at maturity, 5 to 7 mm. long, 
acute, awnless, rarely awn-tipped. 2 
(F. texana Vasey; F’. johnson Piper.)— 
Shady banks, Arkansas, Texas, and 
Oklahoma. 


Figure 62.—Festuca obtusa. Pan- 
icle, X 4%; floret, X 5. (Amer. 
Gr. Natl. Herb. 490, Md.) 


20. Festuca obtiisa Bieler. Nopv- 
DING FESCUE. (Fig. 62.) Culms soli- 
tary or few in a tuft, mostly 50 to 
100 cm. tall; blades flat, lax, some- 
what glossy, 4 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
nodding, very loose and open, the 
branches spreading, spikelet-bearing 
toward the ends, the lower usually 
reflexed at maturity; spikelets 3- to 
5-flowered; glumes about 3 and 4 
mm. long; lemmas coriaceous, rather 
turgid, about 4 mm. long, obtuse or 
acutish, the nerves very obscure. 2 
—Low or rocky woods, Quebec to 
Manitoba, south to northern Florida 
and eastern Texas. 

21. Festuca paradoxa Desv. (Fig. 
63.) Culms few to several in-a tuft, 
50 to 110 em. tall, widely leaning; 
blades flat or subinvolute in drying, 
lax, 4 to 8 mm. wide; panicle 12 to 
20 cm. long, heavily drooping, the 
slender scabrous branches not so long 
as in /’. obtusa, the brownish spikelets 
somewhat aggregate toward the ends; 
spikelets 3- to 6-flowered, the lemmas 


70 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


more blunt. 2 (Ff. shortiz Kunth) 
—Prairies, low open ground, and 
thickets, Pennsylvania and Delaware 
to South Carolina, Wisconsin, and 
eastern Texas. 


FicurE 63.—Festuca paradora. Panicle, X 4; floret, 
X 5. (Palmer 34672, Mo.) 


Figure 64.—Festuca thurberi. Panicle, X 14; spikelet, 
x 5. (Pammel, Colo.) 


22. Festuca thirberi Vasey. THur- 
BER FESCUE. (Fig. 64.) Culms densely 
tufted, rather stout, erect, 60 to 90 
cm. tall; ligule 2 to 4 mm. long; 
blades involute, scabrous, firm, erect; 
panicle 10 to 15 em. long, the branches 
usually solitary, somewhat remote, 
ascending or spreading, naked below; 
spikelets 3- to 6-flowered; glumes 
rather broad, about 4 and 5 mm. 
long; lemmas rather firm, faintly 
nerved, glabrous or nearly so, acute 
or cuspidate, 7 to 8 mm. long. 2 


—Dry slopes and rocky hills, 2,500 
to 3,500 m., Wyoming to New Mexico 
and Utah. 

23. Festuca ligulata Swallen. (Fig. 
65.) Culms slender, loosely tufted, 
erect from a decumbent often rhizo- 
matous base, scabrous below the 
panicle; sheaths glabrous; blades 6 
to 20 cm. long, those of the innova- 
tions as much as 30 ecm. long, flat 
and 1 to 2 mm. wide or mostly in- 
volute, scabrous, rather firm; ligule 
3 to 3.5 mm. long; panicle 6 to 10 
cm. long, the | or 2 scabrous branches 
stiffly ascending or spreading, few- 
flowered, naked below; spikelets 6 
mm. long, 2- to 3-flowered, the pedi- 
cels (mostly shorter than the spike- 
lets) appressed; glumes acute or 
acutish, scabrous, the first 3 mm. 
long, l-nerved, the second 4 mm. 
long, 3-nerved; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. 
long, acutish, scabrous, obscurely 
nerved, awnless, the paleas slightly 
longer. 2 —Moist shady slopes, 
Guadalupe and Chisos Mountains, 
Tex. 


FiaurE 65.—Festuca ligulata. Plant, X 1%; floret, 
5. (Type.) 


24. Festuca scabrélla Torr. RoucH 
FESCUE. (Fig. 66.) Culms densely 
tufted (rarely producing a slender 
rhizome), erect, 30 to 90 em. tall; 
ligule very short; blades firm, erect, 
scabrous, involute, or those of the 
culm sometimes flat but narrow; 
panicle narrow, 5 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches solitary or in pairs, the 
lowermost sometimes in threes, ap- 
pressed or ascending, naked below; 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


spikelets 4- to 6-flowered; glumes 
somewhat unequal, lanceolate, 7 to 
9 mm. long; lemmas firm, rather 
strongly nerved, scaberulous, acute to 
cuspidate or short-awned, 7 to 10 
mime lone. 2 (Ff. halla Piper; f. 
kingit var. rabiosa (Piper) Hitchce.; 
Hesperochloa king var. rabiosa 
(Piper) Swallen.)—Prairies, hillsides, 
and open woods, up to about 2,000 
m. (probably alpine in Colorado), 
Newfoundland to British Columbia, 
south to Oregon, North Dakota, and 
Colorado. FESTUCA SCABRELLA var. 
mAJor Vasey. Culms on the average 
taller; panicle larger and more spread- 
ing; lemmas more strongly nerved. 
2 (F. campestris Rydb.)—Hills and 
dry woods, Michigan (Roscommon), 
Montana to Washington. 


Fiaure 66.—Festuca scabrella. Pan- 
icle, X %; floret X 5. (Rydberg 
2106, Mont.) 


. t 
Figure 67.—Festuca californica. Panicle, X %; floret, X 5. (Elmer 4431, Calif.) 


71 


25. Festuca californica Vasey. Ca- 
IFORNIA FESCUE. (Fig. 67.) Culms 
tufted, rather stout, 60 to 120 cm. 
tall; sheaths somewhat scabrous, the 
collar pubescent or pilose; blades 
firm, usually involute, sometimes flat, 
scabrous; panicle open, 10 to 30 cm. 
long, the rather remote branches 
usually in pairs, spreading or droop- 
ing, naked below; spikelets mostly 4- 
or 5-flowered; glumes somewhat un- 
equal, 5 to 8 mm. long; lemmas firm, 
faintly nerved, scaberulous, acumi- 
nate or short-awned. 2 (F. aristu- 
lata Shear.)—Open dry ground, thick- 
ets and open woods, up to about 
1,500 m., Oregon and California, west 
of the Sierra Nevada. A smaller form 
with pubescent lower sheaths, and 
shorter, mostly glabrous blades, has 
been segregated as F’. californica var. 
parish (Piper) Hitche.—Oregon and 
California (San Bernardino Moun- 
tains). 

26. Festuca dasyclada Hack. ex 
Beal. (Fig. 68.) Culms 20 to 40 cm. 
tall; blades folded, about 2 mm. wide 
when spread, those of the culm 4 to 
6 cm. long, those of the innovations 
10 to 15 em. long; panicle open, 7 
to 12 em. long, the branches rather 
stiffly and divaricately spreading, 
softly pubescent; angles ciliate; spike- 
lets pale, long-pediceled, 2-flowered ; 
glumes lanceolate, acuminate, the 
first about 4 mm., the second about 
6 mm. long; lemmas rather thin, 


UD tp 
y 
V4 
L g 
y he -=5 
VY VA Gi 
Y WBZ 
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Y Y Ya 


129 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


somewhat keeled, rather strongly 
nerved, scaberulous, about 6 mm. 
long; awn about 2 mm. long, from 
between 2 minute teeth. 2 — 
Rocky slopes, rare, Utah. 


FESTUCA RIGESCENS (Presl) Kunth. 
Densely tufted, about 30 em. tall; blades 
firm, involute, sharp-pointed; panicle nar- 
row, few-flowered, 5 to 10 cm. long; spike- 
lets about 3-flowered, 6 to 7 mm. long; lem- 
mas ovate, thick, convex, awnless or mucro- 
nate, 4 to 4.5 mm. long. 2 —There is a 
single specimen of this species in the United 
States National Herbarium, labeled ‘“‘Ari- 
zona, Tracy?’ On the sheet is a note made 
by Professor Piper (Feb. 12, 1904) quoting 
Tracy, ‘In open pine woods 4 miles south- 
east of Flagstaff, about June 20, 1887.” This 
agrees exactly with specimens of this species 
from Peru, whence originally described. Since 
the species is not known north of Peru, ex- 
cept from this specimen, it seems probable 
that the label has been misplaced. 


Ficure 68.— Festuca dasyclada. Panicle, X 14; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Dupl. type.) 


27. Festuca viridula Vasey.GREEN- 
LEAF FESCUE. (Fig. 69.) Culms rather 
loosely tufted, erect, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades soft, erect, those of the 
culm flat or loosely involute, those 
of the innovations slender, involute; 
panicle open, 10 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches mostly in pairs, ascending 
or spreading, slender, somewhat re- 
mote, naked below; spikelets 3- to 
6-flowered; glumes lanceolate, some- 
what unequal, 5 to 7 mm. long; 
lemmas membranaceous, acute or 
cuspidate, glabrous, 6 to 8 mm. long. 
21 —Mountain meadows and open 


slopes, 1,000 to 2,000 m., British 
Columbia to Alberta, south to central 
California and Idaho; Colorado (Wil- 
low Pass). An important forage grass 
in the mountains of the Northwestern 
States. Festuca howellii Hack. ex 
Beal, differing from F. viridula in 
having more scabrous lemmas and 
awns 2 mm. long, does not seem 
sufficiently distinct to be recognized 
as a species. 21 —Known from a 


single collection (Josephine County, 
Oreg.). 


Ficure 69.—Festuca viridula. Panicle, X %; floret, 
X 5. (Cusick 2431, Oreg.) 


_ 28. Festuca ribra L. RED FESCUE. 
(Fig. 70.) Culms usually loosely 
tufted, bent or decumbent at the 
reddish or purplish base, occasionally 
closely tufted, erect to ascending, 40 
to 100 em. tall; lower sheaths brown, 
thin, and fibrillose; blades smooth, 
soft, usually folded or involute; 
panicle 3 to 20 cm. long, usually 
contracted and narrow, the branches 
mostly erect or ascending; spikelets 
4- to 6-flowered, pale green or glau- 
cous, often purple-tinged; lemmas 5 
to 7 mm. long, smooth, or scabrous 
toward apex, bearing an awn about 
half as long. 2 —Meadows, hills, 
bogs, and marshes, in the cooler parts 
of the northern hemisphere, extend- 
ing south in the Coast Ranges to 
Monterey, in the Sierra Nevada to 
the San Bernardino Mountains, in 
the Rocky Mountains to Colorado 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 73 


and New Mexico, San Francisco gheny Mountains and in the Atlantic 
Mountains of Arizona; in the Alle- coastal marshes to Georgia; Mexico, 


SS 
= 
SS no aa 7 
S= = aw, . y — 
S S —— : 


Figure 70.—Festuca rubra. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, x 5, (Hitchcock 4201, Alaska.) 


74 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Eurasia, North Africa. Occasionally 
used in grass mixtures for pastures 
in the Northern States. Frstruca 
RUBRA var. LANUGINOSA Mert. and 
Koch. Lemmas pubescent. 2 — 
Oregon to Wyoming and northward; 
Michigan, Vermont to Connecticut; 
Europe. A proliferous form (fF. rubra 
var. prolifera Piper, F. prolifera 
Fernald) is found in the White Moun- 
tains of New Hampshire, in Maine 
and northward. Festuca RUBRA var. 
coMMuTATA Gaud. (F. fallax Thuill.). 
CHEWINGS FESCUE. A form with more 
erect culms, producing a firmer sod, 
commonly cultivated in New Zealand 
and occasionally in the United States. 
21 —FESTUCA RUBRA var. HETERO- 
PHYLLA (Lam.) Mut. SHADE FESCUE. 
Densely tufted; basal blades filiform; 
culm blade flat. 2 —Used for 
lawns in shady places. Europe. 

29. Festuca occidentalis Hook. 
WESTERN FESCUE. (Fig. 71.) Culms 


Figure 71.—Festuca occidentalis. Panicle, 
spikelet, X 5. (Piper 4908, Wash.) 


x %; 


tufted, erect, slender, 40 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades mostly basal, slender, in- 
volute, sulcate, soft, smooth or nearly 
so; panicle loose, 7 to 20 cm. long, 
often drooping above, the branches 
solitary or in pairs; spikelets loosely 
3- to 5-flowered, 6 to 10 mm. long, 
mostly on slender pedicels; lemmas 
rather thin, 5 to 6 mm. long, scaber- 
ulous toward the apex, attenuate into 
a slender awn about as long or longer. 
2 —Dry rocky wooded slopes and 
banks, British Columbia to central 
California, east to Wyoming, north- 
ern Michigan, and western Ontario. 


Figure 72.—Festuca ovina. Panicle, X 14; floret, X 5. 
(Robbins 8692, Colo.) 


30. Festuca ovina L. SHEEP FES- 
cuE. (Fig. 72.) Culms densely tufted, 
usually 20 to 40 em. tall; blades slen- 
der, involute, from very scabrous to 
glabrous, the innovations numerous 
in a basal cluster, 5 to 10 cm. long or 
sometimes longer; panicle narrow, 
sometimes almost spikelike, 5 to 8 
cm. long, sometimes longer; spikelets 
mostly 4- or 5-flowered ; lemmas about 
4 to 5 mm. long, short-awned. 2 
(F. saximontana Rydb.; F. calligera 
Rydb.; F. minutiflora Rydb., a rare 
form with small florets; F. ovzna var. 
pseudovina Hack. of Piper’s revision 
of Festuca.)—Open woods and stony 
slopes, North Dakota to Washington 
and Alaska, south to Arizona and 
New Mexico; introduced eastward 
through Michigan, Maine, Illinois, 
and South Carolina; Eurasia. Festuca 
ovina, F. ovina var. duriuscula, and 
F. capillata are occasionally culti- 
vated in lawn mixtures. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 75 


FESTUCA OVINA var. DURIUSCULA 
(L.) Koch. Harp rFescur. Blades 
smooth, wider and firmer than in F. 
ovina. 2 —Maine to Iowa and 
Virginia; introduced from Europe. 

FESTUCA OVINA var. BRACHY- 
PHYLLA (Schult.) Piper. ALPINE FES- 
cuE. An alpine and high northern 
form differing in the lower culms, 
mostly 5 to 20 cm. tall, and the 
smooth short rather lax blades. 2 
(F. brachyphylla Schult. ; F. ovina var. 
supina Hack. of Piper’s revision of 
Festuca.)—Rocky slopes, at high alti- 
tudes, mostly above timber line in the 
United States, arctic regions south to 
San Bernardino Mountains, San 
Francisco Mountains, California, and, 
in the Rocky Mountains, to northern 
New Mexico; also in the high moun- 
tains of Vermont, New Hampshire, 
and New York. 

FESTUCA OVINA var. GLAUCA 
(Lam.) Koch. Buux rescue. Blades 
elongate, glaucous. 2 (fF. glauca 
Lam.)—Cultivated as a border plant. 

31. Festuca capillata Lam. Harr 
FESCUE. (Fig. 73.) Densely tufted, 


Figure 73.—Festuca capillata. 
Plant, X 14; floret, X 5. (Hitch- 
cock 23624, Newf.) 


more slender and lower than F. ovina; 
blades capillary, flexuous, usually 
more than half as long as the culm; 
spikelets smaller; lemmas about 3 
mm. long, awnless. 21 —Lawns 
and waste places, Newfoundland and 
Maine to North Carolina and Illinois; 
Minnesota; Oregon; introduced from 
Europe. 

32. Festuca idahoénsis Elmer. 
IpaHo FEscur. (Fig. 74.) Culms 
usually densely tufted in large 


Fiaure 74.—Festuca idahoensis. Plant, X %; floret, 
X< 5. (Heller 3318, Idaho.) 


bunches, 30 to 100 cm. tall; blades 
numerous, usually elongate, very sca- 
brous, rarely smooth, filiform, in- 
volute; panicle narrow, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches ascending or ap- 
pressed, somewhat spreading in an- 
thesis; spikelets mostly 5- to 7-flow- 
ered; lemmas nearly terete, about 7 
mm. long; awn usually 2 to 4 mm. 
long. 2 (F. ovina var. ingrata 
Beal.)—Open woods and rocky slopes, 
British Columbia to Alberta, south to 
central California and Colorado. 

33. Festuca arizonica Vasey. ARI- 
ZONA FESCUE. (Fig. 75.) Resembling 
F, idahoensis; differing in the stiffer 
glaucous foliage, somewhat smaller 
awnless or nearly awnless lemmas. 
2, —Open pine woods, Nevada and 
Colorado to Texas and Arizona. 
Often called pinegrass. ; 


FicureE 75.—Festuca arizonica. Pan- 
icle, X 4; floret, X 5. (Leiberg 
5685, Ariz.) 


76 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Festuca AMETHYSTINA L. Slender tufted 
perennial; blades filiform, 15 to 25 em. long; 
panicle 5 to 10 cm. long, rather narrow; 
spikelets about asin F’. ovina, often purplish. 
2 —Sometimes cultivated for ornament. 
Europe. 

FESTUCA GENICULATA (L.) Cav. Annual; 
culms slender, geniculate below, 20 to 50 cm. 
tall; panicle 3 to 6 cm. long, rather compact; 
spikelets awned. © —Sometimes culti- 
vated for ornament. Portugal. 

FESTUCA VALESIACA Schleich. ex Gaud. 
Slender densely tufted perennial, 15 to 30 
cm. tall; blades very slender, sulcate, sca- 
brous, those of the innovations numerous, 10 
to 18 cm. long; panicle 4 to 8 em. long, nar- 
row, the short branches ascending; spikelets 
similar to those of F. ovina, to which this 
species is closely related. 2% —Some- 
times cultivated in grass gardens. Europe. 


5. SCLEROPOA Griseb. 


Spikelets several-flowered, linear, 
somewhat compressed, the thick ra- 
chilla disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets, re- 
maining as a minute stipe to the floret 
above; glumes unequal, short, acut- 


is 


alla 


1 Ae~ Apar, 
Gee aca, 


a.lste~ 
ASS x _<z 
eS TANT: 


att 
SSS 


ty 


(TTI ——§ ae 


etm, CK 


ish, strongly nerved, the first 1- 
nerved, the second 3-nerved; lemmas 
nearly terete, obscurely 5-nerved, ob- 
tuse, slightly scarious at the tip. An- 
nuals with slightly branched 1-sided 
panicles. Type species, Scleropoa rig- 
ida. Name from Greek skleros, hard, 
and poa, grass, alluding to the stiff 
panicle. 

1. Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb. 
(Fig. 76.) Culms erect or spreading, 10 
to 20 cm. tall; blades flat, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide; panicles narrow, stiff, con- 
densed, 5 to 10 cm. long, the branches 
short, floriferous to base, these and 
the thick pedicels somewhat divari- 
cately spreading in anthesis; spikelets 
4- to 10-flowered, 5 to 8 mm. long; 
glumes about 2 mm. long; lemmas 
about 2.5 mm. long. © —Waste 
places and fields, sparingly introduced 
from Europe, Massachusetts; Florida 
to Mississippi; Texas; South Dakota; 
Washington to California. 


Rack, 
—s 


6 


. SA? 


San SF 
»" eS Ws 


FicurE 76.—Scleropoa rigida. Plant, X 1; two views of floret, X 10. (Cocks, Miss.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES OT 


6. PUCCINELLIA Parl. ALKALI-GRASS 


Spikelets several-flowered, usually terete or subterete, the rachilla dis- 
articulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, 
shorter than the first lemma, obtuse or acute, rather firm, often scarious at 
tip, the first 1-nerved or sometimes 3-nerved, the second 3-nerved; lemmas 
usually firm, rounded on the back, obtuse or acute, rarely acuminate, usually 
scarious and often erose at the tip, glabrous or puberulent toward base, rarely 
pubescent on the nerves, 5-nerved, the nerves parallel, indistinct, rarely rather 
prominent; palea about as long as the lemma or somewhat shorter. Low pale 
smooth tufted annuals or perennials with narrow to open panicles. Type 
species, Puccinellia distans. Named for Prof. Benedetto Puccinelli. 

The species of the interior are grazed by stock. One, P. azroides, furnishes 
considerable forage in the regions where it is common. A form of this, called 
Zawadke alkali-grass, is cultivated in Montana. 


Lemmas obtuse, pubescent on the nerves for half or three-fourths their length. Dwarf 
EMO Ss ar NW Ic go ee ES 1. P. PARISHII. 
Lemmas glabrous or, if pubescent, the hairs not confined to the nerves. 
Panicles narrow, strict, the branches appressed, mostly with one spikelet; annual, mostly 
less than 20 cm. tall; lemmas acute, more or less pubescent_...._.._._... 2. PP. SIMPLEX. 
Panicles narrow or open, not strict; annual or perennial; lemmas glabrous or pubescent 
only at base. 
Panicles ellipsoid, rather compact, less than 10 cm. long, the branches floriferous nearly 
to base. Lemmas rather coriaceous; culms rather stout. 
Spikelets 5 to 8 mm. long; lemmas 3 to 3.5 mm. long.................. 3. P. RUPESTRIS. 
Spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long; lemmas 2 to 2.5 mm. long.............. 4. P. FASCICULATA. 
Panicles pyramidal or elongate, some of the branches naked below, or reduced, narrow, 
and few-flowered. 
Leaves mostly in a short basal tuft, the blades involute, 5 to 10 em. long. Panicle 5 
to 10 cm. long, open and spreading; lemmas 3.5 mm. long, glabrous, acute. 
5. P. LEMMONI. 
Leaves distributed, not in a basal tuft. 
Anthers about 2 mm. long; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, pubescent at base. 
P. MARITIMA. 
Anthers 1 mm. long or less. 
Lemmas about 2 mm. long (2 to 3 mm. in P. airoides); panicle open; the slender 
branches spreading or reflexed. 
Lemmas broad, obtuse or truncate, not narrowed above; lower panicle branches 


ustallivanetlexe dk tieii sake or ee aes! a eam, 7. P. DISTANS. 
Lemmas narrow, narrowed into an obtuse apex; panicle branches spreading, 
USUallvanoOtrehexedes se. A Ae ee ee ee 8. P. AIROIDES. 
Lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long; panicle narrow, the branches ascending or finally 
spreading. 

Plants lax, usually 10 to 30 cm. tall; panicle 5 to 10 cm. long, the branches 
mnally spreading: glabrous. 28s ee 9. P. PUMILA. 
Plants usually 50 to 96 cm. tall; panicle 10 to 20 em. long, the branches ascend- 
LM GVOT: appPLessed, SCabrOUS...2.f-. ecco ete ae 10. P. GRANDIS. 


1. Puccinellia parishii Hitche. 
(Fig. 77.) Annual; culms 3 to 10 cm. 
tall; blades flat to subinvolute, less 
than 1 mm. wide; panicle narrow, 
few-flowered, 1 to 4 cm. long; spike- com ce 
lets 3- to 6-Alowered, 3to5 mm. long; pride eis tone 10. (heoe) 
lemmas about 2 mm. long, obtuse to 
truncate, scarious and somewhat 
erose at the tip, pubescent on the mid 
and lateral nerves nearly to the apex, 
and on the intermediate nerves about 
half way. © —Marshes, California 


78 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(Rabbit Springs, San Bernardino 
County) and Arizona (Tuba City). 

2. Puccinellia simplex Scribn. (Fig. 
78.) Annual; culms 7 to 20 cm. tall; 
blades narrow, soft, flat; panicle nar- 
row, about half the length of the en- 
tire plant, the branches few, short, 
appressed, mostly with 1 spikelet; 
spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, appressed; 
glumes strongly 3-nerved, 1 and 2 
mm. long; lemmas 2.5 mm. long, 
tapering from below the middle to the 
acute apex, more or less pubescent 
over the back. © Alkaline soil, 
California; common in alkaline areas 
of the San Joaquin Valley. 


Figure 78.— Puccinellia simplex. Plant, X 1; floret 
X 10. (Type.) 


3. Puccinellia rupéstris (With.) 
Fern. and Weath. (Fig. 79.) Annual; 
culms rather stout, mostly 10 to 20 
cm. tall; blades flat, 2 to 6 mm. wide; 
panicle ellipsoid, glaucous, rather 
dense, mostly 3 to 6 cm. long, the 
branches mostly not more than 1.5 


Figure 79.—Puccinellia rupestris. Panicle, X 1; 


floret, X 10. (Martindale, N. J.) 


cm. long, stiffly ascending, floriferous 
nearly to base; spikelets 3- to 5-flow- 
ered, 5 to 8 mm. long, sessile or nearly 
so; glumes 3- to 5-nerved, 1.5 and 2.5 
mm. long; lemmas 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 
firm, obscurely nerved, glabrous, ob- 
tuse, the apex entire or nearly so. 
© —RBallast near New York and 
Philadelphia. Europe. 


Figure 80.—Puccinellia fasciculata. 
Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Steb- 
bins, Maine.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 79 


4. Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) 
Bicknell. (Fig. 80.) Apparently peren- 
nial; culms rather stout, 20 to 50 cm. 
tall, sometimes taller; blades flat, 
folded, or subinvolute, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide;-panicle ellipsoid, 5 to 15 ecm. 
long, the branches fascicled, rather 
stiffly ascending, some naked at base 
but with short basal branchlets, all 
rather densely flowered; spikelets 2- 
to 5-flowered, 3 to 4 mm. long; glumes 
ovate, 1 and 1.5 mm. long; lemmas 2 
to 2.5 mm. long, firm, obtuse. 2 
(P. borrert Hitche.)—Salt marshes 
along the coast, Nova Scotia to Vir- 
ginia; Utah, Nevada and Arizona; 
Europe. 

5. Puccinellia lemmoni (Vasey) 
Scribn. (Fig. 81.) Perennial; culms 
erect, slender, 15 to 30 cm. tall; leaves 
mostly in an erect basal tuft, the 
slender blades involute, 5 to 10 cm. 
long; panicle pyramidal, open, 5 to 
10 cm. long, the slender flexuous 
branches fascicled, the lower spread- 


Figure 82.—Puccinellia maritima. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Fernald and Long 20051, Nova Scotia.) 


Figure 81.—Puccinellia lemmoni. Panicle, X 1; floret, * 10. (Jones 4115, Nev.) 


ing, the longer ones naked on the 
lower half; spikelets narrow, 3- to 5- 
flowered, the rachilla often exposed; 
glumes about 1 and 2 mm. long; lem- 
mas narrow, acute, glabrous, about 
3.0 mm. long; anthers 1.5 mm. long. 
21 —Moist alkaline soil, southern 
Idaho and Washington to Nevada 
and California. 

6. Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) 


Parl. (Fig. 82.) Perennial; culms erect, 
rather coarse, 20 to 40 cm. tall, some- 
times taller; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide, 
usually becoming involute; panicle 
mostly 10 to 20 em. long, the branches 
ascending or appressed, or spreading 
in anthesis; spikelets 4- to 10-flow- 
ered ; glumes 3-nerved, 2 to 3 and 3 to 
4 mm. long; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, 
pubescent on the base of the lateral 


80 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


nerves and sometimes sparingly be- 
tween the nerves; anthers 1.5 to 2 
mm. long. 2 —Salt marshes and 
brackish shores, Nova Scotia to 
Rhode Island; Washington; on bal- 
last, Philadelphia and Camden; Eu- 
rope. 

7. Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. 
(Fig. 83.) Perennial; culms erect or 
decumbent at base, 20 to 40 cm. tall, 
sometimes taller; blades flat or more 
or less involute, mostly 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle pyramidal, loose, 5 to 15 
cm. long, the branches fascicled, 
rather distant, the lower spreading or 
finally reflexed, the longer ones naked 
half their length or more; spikelets 4- 
to 6-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long; glumes 
1 and 2 mm. long; lemmas rather 
thin, obtuse or truncate, 1.5 or usually 
about 2 mm. long, with a few short 


Figure 83.—Puccinellia distans. Panicle, 
floret, X 10. (Schuette, Wis.) 


x Wh; 


hairs at base; anthers about 0.8 mm. 
long. 2 —Moist, more or less 
alkaline soil, Quebec to British Co- 
‘lumbia, south to Maryland, Michi- 


gan, Wisconsin, and North Dakota; 
Washington, south to New Mexico 
and California; introduced from Eu- 
rasia. The more slender specimens are 


Figure 84.—Puccinellia airoides. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Rydberg 2135, Mont.) 


the form described as P. distans var. 
tenuis (Uechtritz) Fern. and Weath. 

8. Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) 
Wats. and Coult. NUTTALL ALKALI- 
Grass. (Fig. 84.) Perennial; culms 
usually erect, slender, rather stiff and 
firm at base, mostly 30 to 60 cm. 
rarely to 1 m. tall; blades 1 to 3 mm. 
wide, flat, or becoming involute; 
panicle pyramidal, open, mostly 10 
to 20 cm. long, the distant scabrous 
branches fascicled, spreading, naked 
below, as much as 10 cm. long; 
spikelets 3- to 6-flowered, 4 to 7 mm. 
long, the florets rather distant, the 
rachilla often exposed; pedicels sca- 
brous; glumes 1.5 to 2 mm. long; 
lemmas 2 to 3 mm. long, rather nar- 
row, somewhat narrowed into an 
obtuse apex; anthers about 0.7 mm. 
long. 2 (P. nuttalliana Hitche.) 
—Moist, usually alkaline soil, Wis- 
consin to British Columbia, south to 
Kansas, New Mexico, and California; 
introduced in Maine and Vermont. 
The form with lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. 
long has been called P. cusickit 
Weatherby. Alberta to Wyoming 
and Oregon. 

9. Puccinellia ptmila (Vasey) 
Hitche. (Fig. 85.) Perennial; culms 
lax, erect or ascending from a de- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 81 


TES 


<< 


—— = 
AQ a S 


SS 
SS : 
So * 

eS z 
“A 
g 

RS 

NS 


t 
AW tte A 
OFS = 
Sa ee 
A 1" 
NI 


FN; 
Vp SS 


FieurEe 85.—Puccinellia pumila. Plant, X 1; floret, 
xX 10. (Type.) 


cumbent base, 10 to 30 cm. tall; 
blades rather soft, mostly flat, 1 to 
2mm. wide; panicle pyramidal, open, 
mostly 5 to 10 em. long, the lower 
branches naked below, usually finally 
spreading or even reflexed; spikelets 
4- to 6-flowered; glumes 1.5 and 2.5 
mm. long; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, 
rather broad, narrowed toward the 
obtuse nearly entire apex, obscurely 
pubescent near base or glabrous; 


anthers 0.8 to 1 mm. long. 2% — 
Salt marshes and:shores, Labrador 
to Connecticut; Alaska to Oregon. 

10. Puccinellia grandis Swallen. 
(Fig. 86.) Culms densely tufted, 50 
to 90 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; 
ligule 2 to 8 mm. long; blades firm, 
drying involute, 2 to 3.5 mm. wide, 
panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, pyramidal, 
the scabrous branches finally spread- 
ing; spikelets 8 to 15 mm. long, 5- 
to 12-flowered, appressed; lemmas 3 
to 4 mm. long, obtuse or subacute, 
sparsely pilose at the base; anthers 
1.3 to 15 mm. long. 2 —Sea 
beaches, Alaska to central California. 
This species has been referred to P. 
nutkaensis (Presl) Fern. and Weath.., 
a northern species, not known from 
the United States. 


S 


SS <4 


~ <= SSS 
— WSS 
—, S 


Fiaure 86.—Puccinellia grandis. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Macoun 66, Br. Col.) 


7. GLYCERIA R. Br. Mannacrass 


(Panicularia Heist.) 


Spikelets few- to many-flowered, subterete or slightly compressed, the. 
rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes un- 


82 MISC, PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


equal, short, obtuse or acute, usually scarious, mostly l-nerved (the second 
3-nerved in a few’species); lemmas broad, convex on the back, firm, usually 
obtuse, scarious at the apex, 5- to 9- nerved, the nerves parallel, usually 
prominent. Usually tall aqui atic or marsh perennials, with creeping and 
rooting bases or with creeping rhizomes, simple culms, mostly closed or partly 
closed sheaths, flat blades, and open or contracted panicles. Type species, Gly- 
ceria fluctans. Name from the Greek glukeros, sweet, the seed of the type species 
being sweet. 

The species are all palatable grasses but are usually of limited distribution, 
and most of them are confined to marshes or wet land. Glyceria elata, tall 
mannagrass, is a valuable component of the forage in moist woods of the 
Northwestern States. G. striata, fowl mannagrass, widely distributed, G. 
grandis, American mannagrass, in the Northern States, and G. pauczflora of the 
Northwest are marsh species, but are often grazed. 


Spikelets linear, nearly terete, usually 1 cm. long or more, appressed on short pedicels; 


panicles narrow, OFect. acc ceca cccccne sen eene eee tee ene sete Secrion 1. EuGiycertia. 
Spikelets ovate or oblong, more or less compressed, ‘usually not more than 5 mm. long; 
nanicles usually:nodding..3 1c eee Secrion 2. Hyproroa. 


Section 1. Euglyceria 
Lemmas acute, much exceeded by the palea...... 2... eee 1. G. ACUTIFLORA. 
Lemmas obtuse; palea about as long as the lemma (or slightly longer in G. septentrionalis and 
G. fluttans). 
Lemmas glabrous between the slightly scabrous nerves... 2. G. BOREALIS. 
Lemmas scaberulous or hirtellous between the usually distinctly scabrous nerves. 
Lemmas about 3 mm. long, broadly rounded at the summit. 


First glume 1.5 mm. long; lemmas seaberulous...................... 3. G. LEPTOSTACHYA,. 
First glume 2 to 2.5 mm. long; lemmas hirtellous.................... 4. G. ARKANSANA, 


Lemmas 4 to 7 mm. long. 
Culms more than 60 em., commonly more than 1 m. tall, flaccid; sheaths closed from 
below the summit, blades elongate, mostly more than 5 mm. wide. 
Lemmas pale or green, not tinged with purple, about 4 mm. long; palea usually 
exceeding the lemma; Eastern States..................... 5. G. SEPTENTRIONALIS. 
Lemmas slightly tinged with purple near the tip, 5 to 6 mm. long; palea about as 
long as the lemma, sometimes slightly exceeding it; Northeastern States. 
6. G. FLUITANS. 
Lemmas usually tinged with purple near the tip, 4 to 6 mm. long; palea rarely 
exceeding the lemma; Western States... 7. G. OCCIDENTALIS. 
Culms 15 to 30 em. tall, slender but rather firm; sheaths open, the margins overlap- 
ping; blades with boat-shaped tip, 3 to 5 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. w ide. 
8S. G. DECLINATA. 


Section 2. Hydropeoa 


ed 


Lemmas with 7 usually prominent nerves; second glume l-nerved; sheaths, at least the 
upper, closed from below the summit. 
Panicle contracted, narrow. 
Lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long; panicle oblong, dense, usually not more than 10 em. long. 
ll. G. oprusa. 
Lemmas 2 to 2.5 mm. long; panicle rather loose, nodding, 15 to 25 cm. long. 
12. G. MELICARIA. 
Panicle open, lax. 
Nerves of lemma evident but not prominent..........................----.--- 13. G. CANADENSIS. 
Nerves of lemma prominent. 
First glume not more than 1 mm. long. 
Blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, sometimes to 8 mm., rather firm, often folded; first glume 
O.5 mom. Lome isc FeO res Oe ae eee 14. G. STRIATA. 
Blades 6 to 12 mm. wide, flat, thin, lax; first glume about 1 mm. long. 
15. G. BLaTA. 
First glume more than 1 mm. long, usually about 1.5 mm. long. 
Glumes subequal, blunt, pale, in striking contrast to the purple florets. 
9. G. GRANDIS. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 83 


Glumes narrow, acute, the second longer than the first; florets olive green. 


10. G. NUBIGENA. 


Lemmas with 5 prominent nerves; second glume 3-nerved; sheaths open. 


Panicle narrow, the branches ascending...... 


Panicle open, lax. 


Ps eno Na ite: CaS aR Che 16. G. ERECTA. 


Culms relatively thick, commonly 1 m. tall; blades mostly 8 to 12 mm. wide. 
Panicle branches numerous, many-flowered.............--.--..------------ 17. G. PAUCIFLORA. 
Panicle branches few, distant, few-flowered............-....----c--00cceeeene0ce-es 18. G. orisn. 


Culms slender, decumbent, weak. 


Blades 4 to 8 mm. wide; anthers 1 mm. long............200.22.22222c-0-000-+- 19. 
Blades 1 to 3 mm. wide; anthers 0.2 to 0.5 mm. long................ 20. 


Section 1. Euauycéria Griseb. 


Spikelets linear, nearly terete, usually 
more than 1 cm. long, appressed 
on short pedicels; paniclesnarrow, 
erect, the branches appressed or 
ascending after anthesis. The 
species of Euglyceria, with the 
exception of Glyceria acutiflora, 
are very closely allied and appear 
to intergrade. 

1. Glyceria acutifl6ra Torr. (lig. 

87.) Culms compressed, lax, creeping 


Figure 87.—Glyceria acutiflora. Panicle, % 1; floret, 
X 10. (Knowlton 866, Mass.) 


G. PALLIDA. 
G. FERNALDI. 


and rooting below, 50 to 100 cm. 
long; blades flat, lax, 10 to 15 cm. 
long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, scabrous on 
the upper surface; panicle 15 to 35 
cm. long, often partly included, the 
branches rather stiff, bearing 1 or 2 
spikelets, or the lower 3 or more; 
spikelets 5- to 12-flowered, 2 to 4 
cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, the lateral 
pedicels 1 to 3 mm. long; glumes 
about 2 and 5 mm. long; lemmas 7- 
nerved, acute, scabrous, 6 to 8 mm. 
long, exceeded by the acuminate, 2- 
toothed paleas. 21 —Wet soil and 
shallow water, New Hampshire to 
Virginia and West Virginia, west to 
Michigan, Missouri, and Tennessee; 
also northeastern Asia. 

2. Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batch- 
elder. NoRTHERN MANNAGRASS. (Fig. 
88.) Culms erect or decumbent at 
base, slender, 60 to 100 cm. tall, 
blades flat or folded, usually 2 to 4 
mm. wide, sometimes wider; panicle 
mostly 20 to 40 cm. long, the branches 
as much as 10 cm. long, bearing 
several appressed spikelets; spikelets 
mostly 6- to 12-flowered, 1 to 1.5 
cm. long; glumes about 1.5 and 3 
mm. long; lemmas rather thin, obtuse, 
3 to 4 mm. long, strongly 7-nerved, 
scarious at the tip, glabrous between 
the hispidulous nerves. 2 —Wet 
places and shallow water, Newfound- 
land to southeastern Alaska, Pennsyl- 
vania to Illinois, Minnesota, and 
Washington, and in the mountains 
to New Mexico, Arizona, and central 
California. 

3. Glyceria leptostachya Buck. 
(Fig: 89:) Culms 1>to 1.5 m. tall, 
rather stout or succulent; sheaths 
slightly rough; blades flat, scaberulous 


84 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 88.—Glyceria borealis. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Fernald 193, Maine.) 


Figure 89.—Glyceria leptostachya. Panicle, 
floret, X 10. (Heller 5606, Calif.) 


>celee 


on the upper surface, 4 to 7 mm. 
rarely to 1 cm. wide; panicle 20 to 
40 cm. long, the branches ascending, 


mostly in twos or threes, several-flow- 
ered, often bearing secondary branch- 
lets; spikelets 1 to 2 cm. long, 8- to 14- 
flowered, often purplish; glumes 1.5 
and 3 mm. long; lemmas firm, broadly 
rounded toward apex, about 3 mm. 
long, 7-nerved, scaberulous on the 
nerves and between them. 2 
(Panicularia davyi Merr.)—Shallow 
water, up to 1,200 m., rare, Washing- 
ton to central California. 

4, Glyceria arkansana_ Fernald. 
(Fig. 90.) Resembling G. septentrio- 
nalis; first glume 2 to 2.5 mm. long; 
lemmas 3 to 3.5 mm. long, hirtellous 
rather than scaberulous. 2 —Wet 
ground, Louisiana and Arkansas.° 


SI > 
JIL IS a 
oe =. ° 


Zz. EZ 


Figure 90.—Glyceria arkansana. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Ball 362, La.) 


5. Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. 
EASTERN MANNAGRASS. (Fig. 91.) 
Culms 1 to 1.5 m. tall, somewhat 
succulent; sheaths smooth; blades 
flat, mostly 10 to 20 em. long, 4 to 
8 mm. wide, usually smooth beneath, 
slightly scaberulous on the upper 
surface and margin; panicle 20 to 40 
em. long, somewhat open, the branches 
as much as 10 em. long, several- 
flowered, often spreading at anthesis; 
spikelets 1 to 2 em. long, 6- to 12- 

2A specimen labeled ‘‘Western part of 


New-York,”’ 1840, may have a misplaced 
label. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 895 


flowered, the florets rather loosely 
imbricate; glumes 2 to 3 and 3 to 4 
mm. long; lemmas green or pale, 
about 4 mm. long, narrowed only 
slightly at the summit, scaberulous, 
the paleas usually exceeding them. 
o| —Shallow water and wet places, 
Quebec to Minnesota, south to Geor- 
gia and eastern ‘Texas. 


Figure 91.—Glyceria septentrionalis. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Deam 3184, Ind.) 


6. Glyceria fliitans (L.) R. Br. 
Mannaarass. (Fig. 92.) Resembling 
G. septentrionalis in habit; first glume 
usually only one-third as long as the 
first lemma; lemmas scaberulous, the 
nerves distinct but not raised promi- 
nently above the tissue of the inter- 
nerves; tip of palea usually exceeding 
itslemma. 2 (Panicularia brachy- 
phylla Nash.)—Shallow water, New- 
foundland to Quebee and New York; 
South Dakota; Eurasia. 

@. Glyceria occidentalis (Piper) J. 
C. Nels. (Fig. 93.) Culms flaccid, 60 
to 100 cm. tall; blades 3 to 12 mm. 
wide, smooth beneath, somewhat sca- 
brous on the upper surface; panicle 
loose, spreading at anthesis, 30 to 50 


Figure 92.—Glyceria fluitans. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
< 10. (McIntosh 1076, S. Dak.) 


em. long; spikelets, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; 
first glume mostly about 2 mm. long; 
lemmas usually tinged with purple 
near the tip, 4 to 6 mm. long, rather 
strongly scabrous, 7- to 9-nerved, 
the nerves prominent, raised above 
the tissue of the internerves; palea 
about as long as its lemma, some- 
times slightly exceeding it. 2 — 
Marshes, shallow water, and wet 
places, Idaho to British Columbia, 


S6 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 93.—Glyceria occidentalis. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Type.) 


northern California and Nevada. The 
seeds are used for food by the 
Indians. 

8. Glyceria declinata Brébiss. (Fig. 
94.) Culms 15 to 70 em. tall, erect 
from a decumbent branching base; 
sheaths open, keeled, scaberulous, the 
margins thin and hyaline; ligule 5 to 
7 mm. long; blades 3 to 12 em. long, 
2 to 6 mm. wide, the tip boat-shaped; 
panicle simple, 6 to 25 em. long; 
spikelets 15 to 20 mm. long, appressed; 


PAN 


glumes obtuse, the first 1.8 to 2.2 
mm. long, the second 3 to 3.5 mm, 
long; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, sca- 
brous, 7-nerved, obtuse, irregularly 
dentate; palea about as long as the 
lemma, the keels narrowly winged. 
2| —Moist canyons and meadows, 
Nevada and California; New York 
(Long Island); Europe, whence prob- 
ably introduced. 


Srecrion 2. Hypror6a Dum. 


Spikelets more or less laterally com- 
pressed, ovate to oblong, usually 
not more than 5 mm. long; pan- 
icles open or condensed, but not 
long and narrow (except in G. 
melicaria). 

9. Glyceria grandis S. Wats. 
AMERICAN MANNAGRASS. (Fig. 95.) 
Culms tufted, stout, 1 to 1.5 m. tall; 
blades flat, 6 to 12 mm. wide; panicle 
large, very compound, 20 to 40 em. 
long, open, nodding at summit; 
spikelets 4- to 7-flowered, 5 to 6 mm. 
long, glumes whitish, about 1.5 and 
2 mm. long; lemmas purplish, about 
2.5mm. long; palea rather thin, about 
as long as the lmma. 2 (Pantcu- 
laria americana MacM.)—Banks of 
streams, marshes, and wet places, 
Prince Edward Island to Alaska, 
south to Virginia, Tennessee, Iowa, 
Nebraska, New Mexico, Arizona, 


and eastern Oregon. 


Fr@ure 94.—Glyceria declinata, Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. (Cooke 15312, Calif.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 87 


Figure 95.—Glyceria grandis. Panicle, * 1; floret, * 10. (Pearce, N. Y.) 


10. Glyceria nubigena W. A. An- 
derson. (Fig. 96.) Culms 1 to 2 m. 
tall, slender to rather stout, smooth, 
shining; sheaths glabrous or scaber- 
ulous, the lower much longer than the 
internodes; ligule truncate, 1 mm. 
long; blades as much as 45 em. long, 
6 to 10 mm. wide, smooth below, sca- 
brous above; panicles 20 to 30 cm. 
long, the branches stiffly spreading or 
reflexed; spikelets 3- to 4-flowered, 
the florets early deciduous; lemmas 
about 2.5 mm. long, obtuse or sub- 
acute. | —Moist ground, balds 


and high ridges, Great Smoky Moun- 
tains, Tennessee and North Carolina. 

11. Glyceria obtisa (Muhl.) Trin. 
(Fig. 97.) Culms erect, often decum- 
bent at base, 50 to 100 cm. tall, rather 
firm; blades elongate, erect, mostly 
smooth, flat or folded, 2 to 6 mm. 
wide; panicle erect, oblong or nar- 
rowly elliptic, dense, 5 to 15 cm. long, 
the branches ascending or appressed; 
spikelets mostly 4- to 7-flowered, 4 to 
6 mm. long, green or tawny, the ra- 
chilla joints very short; glumes broad, 
scarious, 1.5 and 2 mm. long; lemmas 


Figure 96.—Glyceria nubigena. Panicle, % 1; floret, * 10. (Barksdale and Jennison 1970, Tenn.) 


88 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


firm, faintly nerved, smooth, 3 to 4 
mm. long, obtuse, the scarious tip 
narrow, often revolute. 2 —Bogs 
and marshy places, Nova Scotia to 
North Carolina, mostly near the 
coast. 


x e 

== 7s 

= a ed - a 

Yard = = = Oo 
ee a: pats Ss = = 

= es : = ae. 
~\ ~ S > S 
: 
OES 


Ni (iW £ 
We MA 72 


Y; 
Ve 


FIGURE 97.—Glyceria obtusa. Panicle, X 1; 2 views of 
floret, X 10. (Miller, N. Y.) 


12. Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) 
Hubb. (Fig. 98.) Culms slender, soli- 
tary or few, 60 to 100 cm. tall; blades 
elongate, scaberulous, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow but rather loose, 
nodding, 15 to 25 cm. long, the 
branches erect, rather distant; spike- 
lets 3- or 4-flowered, about 4 mm. 
long, green; glumes about 1.5 and 2 
mm. long, acutish; lemmas firm, 2 to 
2.5 mm. long, acutish, smooth, the 
nerves rather faint. 2 (G. torrey- 
ana Hitehe.; Panicularia torreyana 


Merr.)—Swamps and wet woods, 
New Brunswick to Ohio, south to the 
mountains of North Carolina. 

13. Glyceria canadénsis (Michx.) 
Trin. RATTLESNAKE MANNAGRASS. 
(Fig. 99.) Culms erect, solitary or few 
in a tuft, 60 to 150 cm. tall; blades 
scabrous, 3 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
open, 15 to 20 cm. long, nearly as 
wide, the branches rather distant, 
drooping, naked below; spikelets 
ovate or oblong, 5- to 10-flowered, 5 
to 6 mm. long, the florets crowded, 
spreading; glumes about 2 and 3 mm. 
long; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, the 7 
nerves obscured in the firm tissue of 
the lemma; palea bowed out on the 
keels, the floret somewhat tumid. 2 
—Bogs and wet places, Newfound- 
land to Minnesota, south to Virginia 
and Illinois. 

GLYCERIA CANADENSIS var. LAXA 
(Seribn.) Hitche. On the average 
taller, with looser panicles of some- 
what smaller 3- to 5-flowered spike- 
lets. 2 (Panicularia laxa Scribn.) 
—Wet places, Nova Scotia to New 
York, Michigan, Wisconsin, Mary- 
land, West Virginia, North Carolina, 
and Tennessee. 


Figure 98.—Glyceria melicaria. Panicle, X 1; 2 views 
of floret, X 10. (Harvey 1322, Maine.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 89 


bs 
SE 
Sy 


=A 


AN 


\ \\ A ‘ 
ja 
Ww \\ ) ) 


UA 
A XN 


Figure 99.—Glyceria canadensis. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Kneucker, Gram. 464, Conn.) 


14. Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitche. 
Fow. MANNAGRASS. (Fig. 100.) Plants 
in large tussocks, pale green; culms 
erect, slender, rather firm, 30 to 100 
cm. tall, sometimes taller; blades 
erect or ascending, flat or folded, 
moderately firm, usually 2 to 6 mm. 
wide, sometimes to 9 mm.; panicle 
ovoid, open, 10 to 20 em. long, nod- 
ding, the branches ascending at base, 
drooping, naked below; spikelets 
ovate or oblong, 3- to 7-flowered, 3 to 
4mm. long, often purplish, somewhat 
crowded toward the ends of the 
branchlets; glumes about 0.5 and 1 
mm. long, ovate, obtuse; lemmas ob- 
long, prominently 7-nerved, about 2 
mm. long, the scarious tip inconspicu- 
ous; palea rather firm, about as long 
as the lemma, the smooth keels promi- 
nent, bowed out. 2 (G. nervata 
Trin.)—Moist meadows and _ wet 
places, Newfoundland to British Col- 
umbia, south to northern Florida, 
Texas, Arizona, and northern Califor- 
nia; Mexico. A low strict northern form 


has been called G. striata var. stricta 
Fernald (G. nervata var. _ stricta 
Scribn.) 

15. Glyceria elata (Nash) Hitche. 
TALL MANNAGRASS. (Fig. 101.) Re- 
sembling G. striata; plants dark 
green; culms 1 to 2 m. tall, rather 
succulent; blades flat, thin, lax, 6 to 
12 mm. wide; panicle oblong, 15 to 
30 em. long, the branches spreading, 
the lower often reflexed; spikelets 6- 
to 8-flowered, 4 to 6 mm. long; glumes 
and lemmas a little longer than in G. 
striata. ~2) (Pamcularia ~ nervata 
elata Piper.)—Wet meadows, springs, 
and shady moist woods, Montana to 
British Columbia, south in the moun- 
tains to New Mexico and California. 

16. Glyceria erécta Hitche. (Fig. 
102.) Culms 10 to 40 cm. tall, some- 
times in dense tufts, from slender 
fragile rhizomes; blades flat, mostly 
5 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 9 mm. wide, 
often equaling the panicle or exceed- 
ing it; panicle 3 to 8 cm. long, with 
ascending or appressed few-flowered 


90 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fievre 100.—Glyceria striata. Plant, X 4; spikelet, X 5; floret, X 10. (V. H. Chase 60, Il.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 91 


Figure 101.—Glyceria elata. Plant, * 1; floret, * 10. 
(Hitchcock 2731, Calif.) 


branches; spikelets 3 to 4.5 mm. long; 
second glume 3-nerved; lemmas 2.5 to 
3 mm. long, scaberulous, the tip 
somewhat erose. 2 —Springy or 
boggy places, mostly near or above 
timber line, Crater Lake, Oreg., to 
Mount Whitney, Calif., and Glen- 
brook, Nev. 

17. Glyceria  pauciflora ‘Presi. 
(Fig. 103.) Culms 50 to 120 cm. tall; 
sheaths open, smooth or scaberulous, 
sometimes inflated in floating plants; 
blades thin, flat, lax, scaberulous, 
mostly 10 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. 
wide; panicle open or rather dense, 
nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches ascending or spreading, 
rather flexuous, the spikelets crowded 
on the upper half, the lowermost usu- 
ally 2 to 4; spikelets mostly 5- or 6- 
flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long, often pur- 
plish; glumes broadly ovate or oval, 
about 1 and 1.5 mm. long, the margins 
erose-scarious, the second 3-nerved; 
lemmas oblong, 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 


Ficgure 102.—Glyceria erecta. Panicle, XK 1; floret, 
* 10. (Hitchcock 3059, Oreg.) 


with 5 prominent nerves and an 
outer short faint pair near the mar- 
gins, scaberulous on the nerves and 
somewhat so between them, the tip 
rounded, scarious, somewhat erose. 
2 —Shallow water, marshes and 
wet meadows, Alaska to South Da- 
kota, south to California and New 


Ficure 103.—Glyceria pauciflora. Panicle, XK 1; floret, 
X 10. (Sandberg, Heller, and McDougal 636, 
Idaho.) 


92 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Mexico, rising in the mountains to 
timber line. 

18. Glyceria otisii Hitche. (Fig. 
104.) Culms about 1.25 m. tall; blades 
flat, lax,.7 to 16 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. 
wide; panicle loosely pyramidal, to 18 
em. long, the branches few, drooping; 
spikelets scarcely compressed, 5- to 
6-flowered; glumes 1 and 1.5 mm. 
long; lemmas broad, especially at the 
summit, very scabrous, the prominent 


hyaline tip contrasting with the pur- 
ple zone just below, the lower part 
ereen. 21 $—Timber, Jefferson 
County, Wash. Known only from the 
type collection. 

19. Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. 
(Fig. 105.) Culms slender, lax, ascend- 
ing from a decumbent rooting base, 30 
to 100 cm. long; sheaths open, blades 
mostly 4 to 8 mm. wide; panicle pale 
green, open, 5 to 15 em. long, the 


Figure 104.—Glyceria otisit. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 105.—Glyceria pallida. Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. (Pearce, N. Y.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 93 


branches ascending, flexuous, finally 
more or less spreading; spikelets 


—Shallow water, Newfoundland to 
Minnesota, south to Pennsylvania. 


somewhat elliptic, 4- to 7-flowered, 6 
to 7 mm. long; glumes 1.5 to 2 and 2 
to 2.5 mm. long, the second 3-nerved; 
lemmas 2.5 to 8 mm. long, scaberu- 
lous, obtuse, the scarious tip erose; 
anthers linear, about 1 mm. long; 
caryopsis with a crown of erect white 
mains: O52 to, 025 mm. long. 2 — 
Shallow cold water, Maine to Wis- 
consin, south to North Carolina and 
Missour1. Resembles species of Poa. 

20. Glyceria fernaldii (Hitche.) St. 
John. (Fig. 106.) Resembling G. pal- 
lida and appearing to grade into it; 
culms more slender, 20 to 40 cm. 
long; blades 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
on the average smaller, the branches 
finally spreading or reflexed; spikelets 
mostly 3- to 5-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. 
long; glumes and lemmas a little 
shorter than in G. pallida; anthers 
globose, 0.2 to 0.5 mm. long; crown of 


ole 4 ; : : Vraure 106.—Glyceria fernaldii. Plant, * 1; floret, 
hairs of caryopsis 0.1 mm. long. 2 X 10. (Collins, Fernald, and Pease, Quebec.) 


8. SCLEROCHLOA Beauv. 

Spikelets 3-flowered, the upper floret sterile; rachilla continuous, broad, 
thick, the spikelet falling entire; glumes broad, obtuse, rather firm, with hya- 
line margins, the first 3-nerved, the second 7-nerved; lemmas rounded on the 
back, obtuse with 5 prominent parallel nerves and hyaline margins; palea 
hyaline, sharply keeled. Low tufted annual, with broad upper sheaths, folded 
blades with boat-shaped tips, and dense spikelike racemes, the spikelets 
subsessile, imbricate in 2 rows on 1 side of the broad thick rachis. Type 
species, Sclerochloa dura. Name from Greek skleros, hard, and chloa, grass, 
alluding to the firm glumes. 


1. Sclerochloa dira (L.) Beauv. long, nearly half as wide; spikelets 6 


(Fig. 107.) Culms erect to spreading, 
2 to 7 cm. long; foliage glabrous, the 
_ lower leaves very small, the upper in- 
creasingly larger, with broad over- 
lapping sheaths; blades 7 to 18 mm. 
long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, the upper ex- 
ceeding the raceme, the junction with 
the sheath obscure; raceme 1 to 2 cm. 


to 7 mm. long on very short thick 
pedicels; first glume about one-third, 
the second half as long as the spike- 
lets; lower lemma 5 mm. long. © 
—Dry sandy or gravelly soil, Wash- 
ington, Oregon, Idaho, Colorado, 
Utah, and Texas; New York; intro- 
duced from southern Europe. 


0 
9. SCOLOCHLOA Link 
(Fluminea Fries) 

Spikelets 3- or 4-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes 
and between the florets; glumes nearly equal, somewhat scarious and lacerate 
at summit, the first 3-nerved, the second 5-nerved, about as long as the first 
lemma; lemmas firm, rounded on the back, villous on the callus, 7-nerved, the 


94. MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 107.- 


Sclerochloa dura. Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Fallas, Utah.) 


nerves rather faint, unequal, extending into a scarious lacerate apex; palea 
narrow, flat, about as long as the lemma. Tall perennials, with succulent 
rhizomes, flat blades, and spreading panicles. Type species, Scolochloa festu- 
cacea. Name from Greek scolos, prickle, and chloa, grass, alluding to the ex- 
current nerves of the lemma. 

The single species has some value for forage and is often a constituent of 
marsh hay. 


1. Scolochloa festucicea (Willd.) 


Link. (Fig. 108.) Culms erect, stout, 1 
to 1.5m. tall, from extensively creeping, 
succulent rhizomes; blades elongate, 
scabrous on the upper surface, mostly 
5 to 10 mm. wide, extending into a 
fine point; panicle 15 to 20 em. long, 


most nearly as long as the panicle; 
spikelets about 8 mm. long, the florets 
approximate; lemmas about 6 mm. 
long. 2  —Shallow water and 
marshes, Manitoba to British Colum- 
bia, south to northern Iowa, Ne- 


loose, the distant branches fascicled, 
ascending, naked below, the lower- 


braska, and eastern Oregon; northern 
Kurasia. 


10. PLEUROPOGON R. Br. SEMAPHORE-GRASS 


Spikelets several- to many-flowered, linear, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal, membranaceous 
or subhyaline, scarious at the somewhat lacerate tip, the first l-nerved, the 
second obscurely 3-nerved; lemmas membranaceous, 7-nerved, with a round 
indurate callus, the apex entire or 2-toothed, the midnerve extending into a 
short mucro or into an awn; keels of the palea winged on the lower half. Soft 
annuals or perennials, with simple culms, flat blades, and loose racemes of 
rather large spikelets on a slender flexuous axis. Type species, Pleuropogon 
sabinii R. Br. Name from Greek pleura, side, and pogon, beard, the palea of 
the type species having a bristle on each side at the base. 

Palatable grasses, but usually too infrequent to be of economic value. 


THE UNITED STATES 


GRASSES OF 


THE 


MANUAL OF 


Figure 108.—Scolochloa festucacea. Plant, * 4%; spikelet and floret, * 5. (Griffiths 870, 8. Dak.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


96 


Ficurr 109.—Pleuropogon californicus. Plant, X 1%; spikelet, X 3; floret, X 5. (Bolander 6075, Calif.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 97 


Keels of palea awned about one-third from the base, the awns 2 to 7 mm. long. 


Keels of palea awnless. 


5. P. OREGONUS. 


Lemmas awnless or mucronate, thick, firm, strongly nerved................--..---- 4, P. DAVYI. 


Lemmas awned, the awns 1 to 12 mm. long. 


Lemmas 4 to 6 mm. long, firm, strongly nerved; wings of palea split about half way to 
the base forming 2 prominent teeth; culms mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall. 


P. CALIFORNICUS. 


Lemmas 8 to 9 mm. long, relatively thin, the nerves evident but not prominent; culms 


mostly more than 1 m. tall. 


Spikelets reflexed or spreading; awn of the lemma 5 to 12 mm. long. 


2. P. REFRACTUS. 


Spikelets erect or ascending; awn of the lemma 1| to 2.5 mm. long. 


1. Pleuropogon californicus (Nees) 
Benth. ex Vasey. (Fig. 109.) Annual; 
culms tufted, erect or decumbent at 
base, 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades flat or 
folded, seldom more than 10 cm. long, 
2 to 5mm. wide; raceme 10 to 20 cm. 
long, with 5 to 10 rather distant 
short-pediceled spikelets; spikelets 6- 
to 12-flowered, mostly about 2.5 cm. 
long, erect, or somewhat spreading; 
glumes obtuse, erose, 4 to 6 mm. long; 
lemmas scabrous, 5 to 6 mm. long, 
the nerves prominent, the tip obtuse, 
scarious, erose, the awn usually 6 to 
12 mm. long; wings of palea promi- 
nent, cleft, forming a tooth about the 
middle. © —Wet meadows and 
marshy ground, Mendocino County 
to the San Francisco Bay region, 
California. 

2. Pleuropogon refractus (A. Gray) 
Benth. ex Vasey. NopDING SEMA- 
PHORE-GRasS. (Fig. 110.) Perennial; 
culms 1 to 1.5 m. tall; blades elon- 
gate, the uppermost nearly obsolete, 
3 to 7 mm. wide; raceme mostly 15 
to 20 cm. long, the spikelets as many 
as 12, about 3 cm. long, 8- to 12- 
flowered, finally reflexed or drooping; 
lemmas about 8 mm. long, subacute, 
less scabrous and the nerves less 
prominent than in P. californicus; 
awn 5 to 12 mm. long; palea narrow, 
keeled to about the middle, scarcely 
or minutely toothed. 2 —Bogs, 
wet meadows, and mountain streams, 
Washington to Mendocino County, 
Calif., west of the Cascades. 

3. Pleuropogon hooverianus (Ben- 
son) J. T. Howell. (Fig. 111.) Similar 
to P. refractus, but the spikelets erect 


P. HOOVERIANUS. 


Ficure 110.—Pleuropogon refractus. Plant, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Sandberg and Leiberg 734, Wash.) 


or ascending; lemmas toothed at the 
broader hyaline summit, the awn 1 
to 2.5 mm. long; wings of palea with 
a single pointed tooth 1 to 1.5 mm. 
long; rachilla joints swollen and 
spongy toward the base. 2 — 
Grassy wooded flats, Mendocino and 
Marin Counties, Calif. 

4. Pleuropogon davyi Benson. (Fig. 
112.) Culms erect from short slender 
rhizomes, 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths 


98 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 111.—Pleuropogon hooverianus. Floret and 
rachilla joint, X 5. (Dupl. type.) 
soft, somewhat inflated, transversely 
veined; blades 10 to 30 cm. long, 6 
to 9 mm. wide, glabrous; raceme 20 
to 33 cm. long; spikelets 2 to 5.5 
cm. long, 8- to 20-flowered, erect or 
ascending; lemmas 5.5 to 7.5 mm. 
long, strongly nerved, obtuse, awn- 
less or mucronate; palea_ oblong, 
prominently winged, two-thirds to 
nearly as long asthelemma. 2 — 
Wet ground around marshes and 
creek beds, Sherwood and Walkers 
Valley (Mendocino County) to Big 
Valley (Lake County), Calif. 


Figure 112.—Pleuropogon davyi. Floret and rachilla 
Joint,.5<15-4¢1 ype) 

5. Pleuropogon oregonus Chase. 
(Fig. 113.) Culms 55 to 90 em. tall, 
erect from slender rhizomes, soft, 
spongy, with long internodes; sheaths 
overlapping, the lower rather loose; 
ligule 4 to 5 mm. long, lacerate; 
blades 8 to 18 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. 
wide, mucronate, scaberulous; raceme 
6 to 16 cm. long; spikelets 1.5 to 4 
cm. long, 7- to 13-flowered, ascending; 


FIGURE 113.—Pleuropogon oregonus. Plant, xX 1; 
floret, X 10. (Type.) 


glumes 2 to 4 mm. long, nerveless; 
lemmas 5.5 to 7 mm. long, obtuse, 
erose, awn 6 to 10 mm. long; keels 
of palea with an awn 2 to 7 mm. 
long, about one-third from the base. 
2 —Wet meadows, Union (Union 
County) and Adel (Lake County), 
Oreg. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 99 


11. HESPEROCHLOA (Piper) Rydb. 
(Included in Festuca L. in Manual, ed. 1) 


Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes subequal or the second longer than the first, 
shorter than the first floret, lanceolate, acute, the first 1-nerved, the second 
3-nerved ; lemmas rounded on the back, acute or acuminate, awnless, 5-nerved; 
palea as long as the lemma, scabrous-ciliate on the keels; stigmas sessile, 
long and slender; grain beaked, bidentate at the apex. Densely tufted, 
dioecious, rhizomatous perennial with firm, narrow, flat or loosely involute 
blades, and narrow erect panicles. Type species, Hesperochloa kingiit. Name 
from Greek esperis, western, and chloa, grass. 


1. Hesperochloa kingii (S. Wats.) 
Rydb. (Fig. 114.) Culms in large 
dense clumps, erect, the rhizomes 
usually wanting in herbarium speci- 
mens; sheaths smooth, striate, the 
lower reddish brown in age; blades 
firm, flat, or becoming loosely in- 
volute, scabrous on the margins, 3 
to 6 mm. wide; panicles 7 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches short, appressed, 
floriferous nearly to the base, the 
staminate inflorescences denser with 
somewhat larger spikelets than the 
pistillate; spikelets 7 to 12 mm. long; 
glumes thin, shining, acute or sub- 
obtuse, the first 3 to 4 mm. long, 
the second 4 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 
5 to 8 mm. long, acute or acuminate, 
scabrous. 2 (Festuca confinis Va- 
sey; Ff. kingit Cassidy.)—Dry moun- 
tains and hills, 2,000 to 3,500 m., 
Oregon to southern California, east 
to Montana, Nebraska, and Colorado. 


Figure 114.—Hesperochloa kingts. Plant, & 44; spike- 
let, X 5. (Osterhout 1897, Colo.) 


12. POA L. BuiurGrass 


Spikelets 2- to several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets, the uppermost floret reduced or rudimentary; 
glumes acute, keeled, somewhat unequal, the first usually 1-nerved, the 
second usually 3-nerved; lemmas somewhat keeled, acute or acutish, rarely 
obtuse, awnless, membranaceous, often somewhat scarious at the summit, 
5-nerved (intermediate nerves, that is, the pair between the keel and the mar- 
ginal nerves, rarely obsolete), the nerves sometimes pubescent, the callus or 
base of the lemma in many species with scant to copious cottony hairs, termed 
“web.” Low or rather tall slender annuals or usually perennials with spikelets 


100 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


in open or contracted panicles, the relatively narrow blades flat, folded, or 
involute, ending in a boat-shaped tip. Standard species, Poa pratensis. Name 
from Greek, poa, grass. 

There are several groups of Poa that present many taxonomic difficulties. 
In the groups containing, for example, P. nervosa, P. arctica, P. scabrella, 
and P. nevadensis many species have been proposed which are not here recog- 
nized as valid, because they were based upon trivial or variable characters. 
The keys are based upon average specimens, but the student may find oc- 
casional intermediates between the valid species. 

The bluegrasses are of great importance because of their forage value, 
some species being cultivated for pasture and others forming a large part of 
the forage on the mountain meadows of the West. The most important is 
Poa pratensis, commonly known as bluegrass or Kentucky bluegrass. In 
the cooler parts of the United States it is cultivated for lawns and is the 
standard pasture grass in the humid regions where the soil contains plenty 
of lime. It has been extensively used in the improvement of badly depleted 
western mountain ranges. P. compressa, Canada bluegrass, is cultivated for 
pasture in the Northeastern States and Canada, especially on poor soils. 
P. trivialis and P. palustris are occasionally grown in meadow mixtures, but 
are of little agricultural importance. P. arachnifera, Texas bluegrass, has been 
used in some parts of the South for winter pasture and as a lawn grass. P. 
annua is a common weed in lawns and gardens. P. bulbosa is cultivated about 
Medford, Oreg., and elsewhere. 

With very few exceptions the bluegrasses are palatable and nutritious and 
are often the most important grasses in many parts of the West. At high 
altitudes, P. alpina, P. arctica, P. epilis, and P. rupicola are important. In 
the mountains mostly below timber line are found P. fendleriana (mutton 
grass), P. longiligula, P. nervosa, P. secunda (Sandberg bluegrass), P. canbyz, 
and P. juncifolia, all of wide distribution. P. interzor is most abundant in the 
Rocky Mountains; P. scabrella is probably the most important forage grass 
of the lower elevations in California; P. gracillima and P. ampla are mostly 
in the Northwestern States; P. arida is the most valuable bluegrass of the 
Plains. P. bigeloviz, an annual, is important in the Southwestern States. 
P. macrantha and P. confinis are native sandbinders of the sand dunes on the 
coast of Washington and Oregon, but are not cultivated. 


Spikelets little compressed, narrow, much longer than wide, the lemmas convex on the back, 
the keels obscure, the marginal and intermediate nerves usually faint. All bunchgrasses. 
Lemmas crisp-puberulent on the back toward the base (the pubescence sometimes obscure 


or only at the: very base). s <2 5 ee ee ee 7. SCABRELLAE. 
Lemmas glabrous or minutely scabrous, but not crisp-puberulent........ 8. NEVADENSES. 
Spikelets distinctly compressed, the glumes and lemmas keeled. 
earn Gs) eas ad ee ee ee eee 1. ANNUAE. 
Plants perennial. 
Creeping rhizomes: Presemt cece ce = fees see ses ews cee ee ae ee 2. PRATENSES. 


Creeping rhizomes wanting. 
Lemmas webbed at base (web sometimes scant or obscure in P. interior). 
3. PALUSTRES. 
Lemmas not webbed at base (sometimes sparsely webbed in P. fernaldiana and P. 


pattersont). 
Lemmas pubescent on the keel or marginal nerves or both, sometimes pubescent 
also‘onzthe interne viestss ooo ee ee nee eee 5. ALPINAE. 
Lemmas glabrous (minutely pubescent at base in P. unilateralis and sometimes in 
P. curta). 
Blades narrow, usuallyinvolute! 7 3 eee eee 6. EPILes. 


Blades flat, 4 to 8 mm. wide, bright green, often splitting at the apex. Panicles 
about 15 em. long with slender spreading branches........ 4. HoMALOPOAE. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 101 


1. Annuae 


Lemmas glabrous, except the scabrous keel, webbed at base. Sheaths glabrous. 
1. P. BOLANDERI. 
Lemmas pubescent. 
Lemmas pubescent on the back especially toward the base, but not distinctly villous on 
the keel and nerves, slightly webbed at base. Sheaths usually scabrous; panicle open. 
2. P. HOWELLI. 
Lemmas pubescent on the nerves, sometimes also on the internerves. 
Panicle narrow, contracted, usually interrupted; sheaths scabrous. Lemmas webbed, 
pubescent on the internerves below............------------1------------00e--0--"° 3. P. BIGELOVII. 
Panicle oblong or pyramidal, the branches spreading; sheaths glabrous. 
Lemmas with webby hairs at base, distinctly 3-nerved, the intermediate nerves 
obscure;zanthers 0:1 to 0.2 mm.,longo.2...2.. 5022 Lek 4, P. CHAPMANIANA. 
Lemmas not webbed at base, distinctly 5-nerved; anthers 0.5 to 1 mm. long. 
5. P. ANNUA. 
2. Pratenses 


ta, Culms strongly flattened, 2-edged .. 2.2... 220. ooo cee ceeene eens 6 P. COMPRESSA. 
1b. Culms terete or slightly flattened, not 2-edged. 
2a. Plants dioecious. 
Panicle oblong, the two sexes unlike in appearance, the pistillate spikelets woolly, the 


staminate glabrous or nearly so. Plains of Texas................. 7. P. ARACHNIFERA. 
Panicle oblong or ovoid, the two sexes similar. Seacoast, California and northward. 
Glumes and lemmas about 8 mm. oye aed se A BE Roe Ee 8. P. MACRANTHA. 


Glumes and lemmas not more than 6 mm. long. 
Panicle densely ovoid; lemmas 6 mm. long, slightly villous below. 
9. P. DOUGLASII. 


Panicle somewhat open; lemmas 3 mm. long, scaberulous........ 10. P. CONFINIS. 
2b. Plants not dioecious, the florets perfect. 
3a. Blades involute. Glumes and lemmas 4 to 5 mm. loners 11. P. RHIZOMATA. 


3b. Blades flat or folded. 
4a. Lemmas not pubescent nor webbed. 
Panicle almost spikelike, erect. 
Panicle pale, narrow, linear; lemmas scabrous; leaves crowded toward the base, 
the blades very firm, conduplicate, pungent, curved. Lower sheaths fibrous. 
12:°) P. FIBRATAG 
Panicle tinged with purple, oblong; lemmas glabrous; leaves not crowded toward 
the base, the blades flat or sometimes folded, straight, erect. 
13. P. ATROPURPUREA. 
Panicle open, nodding; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long. 


Blades broad and short; lower panicle branches reflexed............ 14. P. curRTA. 
Blades elongate; panicle branches ascending...................-.-.----- 15. P. NERVOSA. 

4b. Lemmas pubescent. 
5a. Lemmas glabrous except for the web at base.................... 16. P. KELLOGGII. 


5b. Lemmas pubescent on the nerves or back, sometimes also webbed at base. 
6a. Internerves glabrous, the keel and marginal nerves pubescent. 
Lower sheaths retrorsely pubescent, purplish; lemmas pubescent on keel and 


marginal nerves not. webbed iii.2. 2-22.22 15. P. NERVOSA. 
Lower sheaths glabrous (scaberulous in P. laxiflora); lemmas webbed at base. 
C@ulms-retrorsely, scabrous:::--.e ee 17. P. LAXIFLORA. 


Culms glabrous. 
Lower panicle branches in a whorl of usually 5; blades mostly shorter than 


(] OVS), (CULAR a es 2 ae CAAT le a elle eee 18. P. PRATENSIS. 
Lower panicle branches usually in twos, spreading, spikelet-bearing near 
the ends; blades about as long as the culm........ 19. P. CUSPIDATA. 


6b. Internerves pubescent near base, the keel and marginal nerves pubescent. 
Panicle contracted, the branches ascending or appressed (sometimes open 1n 
iP glaucifolia). 

First glume 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 1-nerved; first floret about 3 mm. long; 

anthers 1.5 mm. long. Plains and alkali meadows at medium altitudes. 

20. P. ARIDA. 

First glume 4 to 5 mm. long, 3-nerved; first floret 5 mm. long; anthers 2.5 

mm. long; spikelets mostly shining Ste AST MeCN ie 21. P. GLAUCIFOLIA. 
Panicle open, the branches spreading. 

Blades broad and short; lower panicle branches reflexed.... 14. P. cuRTA. 

Blades 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle pyramidal, the lower branches horizontal 

22. P. ARCTICA. 


102 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


3. Palustres 


la. Lemmas glabrous, or the keel sometimes pubescent. 
Sheaths retrorsely scabrous. Culms decumbent and often rooting at base; keel of lemma 


clabrous'or'slightly pubescent... = <= ese eee ee ee 25. P. TRIVIALIS. 
Sheaths glabrous. 
Panicle narrow, drooping, the branches appressed or ascending........ 24. P. MARCIDA. 


Panicle very open, the few branches slender, naked below, spreading or drooping. 
Lemmas villous on the keel; panicle branches mostly in fours or fives. 
25. P. ALSODES. 
Lemmas glabrous on the keel; panicle branches mostly in twos or threes. 
Lemmas obtuses 7.4 s.nG isle 2 cies an taenie oe 26. P. LANGUIDA. 
Memimas acute: sas “iio ve nt SCL ies aes ee 27. P. SALTUENSIS. 
1b. Lemmas pubescent on keel and marginal nerves. 
2a. Sheaths distinctly retrorse-scabrous (sometimes faintly so). Culms usually stout, 40 
to 120 em. tall; panicle usually large and open, mostly more than 15 ecm. long. 
28. P. OCCIDENTALIS. 
2b. Sheaths glabrous or faintly scaberulous. 
3a. Lower panicle branches distinctly reflexed at maturity. 
Panicle oblong, erect, mostly more than 15 em. long, the branches several (usually 
MONE: bMealy so) MM a WOOT 220: 08 ge et ce eee eae 30. P. SYLVESTRIS. 
Panicle nodding, mostly less than 15 cm. long, the branches 1 to 3 together. 
31. P. REFLEXA. 
3b. Lower panicle branches not reflexed. 
4a. Panicle narrowly pyramidal, erect, 15 to 20 cm. long. Lemmas 4 mm. long, 
pubescent on nerves and internerves; webbed at base; “New Mexico. 
29.. Pi TRACY. 
4b. Panicle broadly pyramidal, usually nodding. 
5a. Intermediate nerves of lemma distinct. .......2..220220-2-2220---ne-- 32. P. WOLFII. 
5b. Intermediate nerves of lemma obscure (distinct in P. leptocoma). 
6a. Lower panicle branches in pairs, elongate, capillary, bearing a few spikelets 
near the ends. 
Spikelets rather broad, the rachilla joints short, hidden by the florets; sheaths 
smooth; culms in dense tufts; alpine rocky slopes. 
33. P. PAUCISPICULA. 
Spikelets narrow, the rachilla joints slender, somewhat elongate, usually not 
idden by the florets; sheaths minutely roughened; culms solitary or in 
small tufts; shady bogs. 
Intermediate nerves of lemma distinct; uppermost ligule acute, 3 to 4 mm. 
long; western mountains below timber line.......... 834. P. LEPTOCOMA. 
Intermediate nerves of lemma obscure; uppermost ligule truncate, 0.3 to 
1.5 mm. long; Great Lakes region at low altitudes. 
35. P. PALUDIGENA. 


6b. Lower panicle branches often more than 2, if only 2 not capillary and 


’ 


elongate. 
Florets usually converted into bulblets with dark purple base; culms swollen 
and bulbliketattbase: 2-22.22 cate i ne eee 36. P. BULBOSA. 


Florets normal; culms not bulblike at base. 
Glumes narrow, acuminate, about as long as the first lemma; ligule very 
100) Fee a ees ape ae eerie irl ASE e eee pm ed Seek CUR 37. P. NEMORALIS. 
Glumes lanceolate, acute, shorter than the first lemma; ligules rather prom- 
inent, those of the culm leaves 1 to 3 mm. or more long. 
Spikelets about 6 mm. long; lemmas 4 mm. long.... 88. P. MACROCLADA. 
Spikelets about 4 mm. long; lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 
Culms decumbent at the purplish base; panicle 10 to 30 cm. long, large 


ING @ DCN 6 ect hte ols od Men eet harem te 39. P. PALUSTRIS. 
Culms erect from a green or tawny base; panicle mostly less than 10 cm. 
long, comparatively small and few-flowered...... 40. P. INTERIOR. 


4. Homalopoae 
Onevepecies: 5.2%} f. . Moow ie) eB Pe, Fences ee ene 41. P cHatrxii. 


5. Alpinae 
Blades folded or involute, firm, rather stiff. 


Ligule very short, not noticeable when viewed from the side of sheath. 
42. P. FENDLERIANA. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 103 


Ligule prominent, easily seen in side view, 5 to 7 mm. long.......... 43. P. LONGILIGULA. 
Blades flat or, if involute, rather lax or soft. 
Panicle branches slender, spreading or drooping, the lower naked and simple for 3 to 4 cm. 
OLD TT OLNEY UDF 2 ee a1) See 2 ee ROE ee 2 Oe ener Rae Me 44, P. AUTUMNALIS. 
Panicle branches not long and spreading. 
Panicle broadly pyramidal, condensed, about as broad as long, the lower branches 
spreading. Spikelets broad, Bubcordatet’ st ee! 45 P. ALPINA. 
Panicle longer than broad. 
Panicle nodding, the lower branches slender, arcuate-drooping. 
46. P. STENANTHA. 
Panicle erect, the lower branches short (see also P. gracillima). 
Panicle rather loose, lower branches naked below, ascending (see also P. macro- 


lada). 
Plants glaucous, culms flattened; panicle rather narrow. 
Spikelets 2- or 3-flowered; panicle 3 to 7 cm. long................ 47. P. GLAUCA. 
Spikelets 3- to 6-flowered; panicle 6 to 16 cm. long...... 48. P. GLAUCANTHA. 
Plants not glaucous; culms terete, rather lax..........-.----.--- 49, P.FERNALDIANA. 


Panicle narrow, condensed, the branches short (see also P. unilateralis). 
Culms rather lax; ligule minute; glumes about 4 mm. long. 
50. P. PATTERSONI. 
Culms stiff, ligule about 1.5 mm. long, glumes about 3 mm. long. 
51. P. RUPICOLA. 
6. Epiles 


Panicle open, 10 to 15 cm. long. Blades involute, slender.....................-..---- 52. P. INVOLUTA. 
Panicle contracted or, if open, less than 10 cm. long. 
Blades scabrous, filiform, mostly basal. 
Spikelets 7 to 9 mm. long; lemmas 4.5 to 6 mm. long, mostly smooth. 
53. P. cUSICKII. 


Spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long; lemmas about 4 mm. long, scabrous...... 54. P. NAPENSIS. 
Blades glabrous. 
Lemmas minutely pubescent at base............20.22220.222 eee eeeeee eee 55. _P. UNILATERALIS. 


Lemmas glabrous. 
Blades of the culm 2 to 3 mm. wide, flat, those of the innovations slender and filiform. 
56. PP. EPILIS. 
Blades of the culm and innovations similar. Panicle few-flowered. 
Panicle short, open, the capillary branches bearing 1 or 2 spikelets. Culms 10 to 


ZOpeuntatall area mamas. Eee ee 57. P. VASEYOCHLOA. 
Panicle narrow. 
Lemmas 5 to 6 mm. long; panicle usually pale or silvery........ 58. P. PRINGLEI. 


Lemmas less than 4 mm. long; panicle usually purple. 
Glumes about as long as the first and second florets; panicle mostly not exceed- 
ing the short soft blades. 
Glumes and lemmas smooth, the lemmas erose at summit. 
59. P. LETTERMANI. 
Glumes and lemmas scabrous, the lemmas acute, scarcely erose. 
60. P. MONTEVANSI. 
Glumes shorter than the first floret; panicle usually much longer than the 
WSUall lives tite Dladesttc. 288 ne ee ae 61. P. LEIBERGII. 


Seat nsmsomewwatisCaWkOUSe: eo Vac a A, 62. P. SCABRELLA. 
Sheaths glabrous. 

Panicle rather open, the lower branches naked at base, ascending or somewhat spreading; 
culms usually decumbent at base..........0...222...22-20222200eeee-eeeeeeee eee 63. P. GRACILLIMA. 

Panicle contracted, the branches appressed or at anthesis somewhat spreading. 
Culms slender, on the average less than 30 cm. tall; numerous short innovations at 
base. Blades SUIS lhvatO Clete eae Nes es ee 64. P. SECUNDA. 
Culms stouter, on the average more than 50 em. tall; innovations usually not numerous. 
65. P. CANBYI. 

8. Nevadenses 


Sheaths scaberulous. Ligule long, decurrent .................2.2-.20-2020-20--00------ 66. P. NEVADENSIS. 
Sheaths glabrous. 
Ligule prominent; blades broad and short....................------------------------ 67. P. CURTIFOLIA. 
Ligule short; blades elongate. 
BladessinwOlubere sts vaste eR 68. P. JUNCIFOLIA. 


Sladeceiaimemre rere NA tn of rer i ehh A a 69. P. aAmpPLa. 


104 
1. Annuae.—Annuals; culms seldom 
more than 50 cm. tall; panicles 
open (contracted in P. bzgeloviz). 

1. Poa bolandéri Vasey. (Fig. 115.) 
Culms erect, 15 to 60 cm. tall; 
sheaths glabrous; blades relatively 


Figure 115.—Poa bolanderi. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Swallen 799, Calif.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


short, 3 to 5 mm. wide, abruptly 
narrowed at tip; panicle about half 
the length of the entire plant, at 
first contracted, finally open, the 
branches few, distant, glabrous, stiff- 
ly spreading, naked below; spikelets 
usually 2- or 3-flowered, the inter- 
nodes of the rachilla long; glumes 
broad, 2. and 3 mm. long; lemma 
scantily webbed at base, acute, the 
marginal nerves rather indistinct, the 
intermediate nerves obsolete. © 
—QOpen ground or open woods, 1,500 
to 3,000 m., Washington and Idaho 
to western Nevada and the southern 
Sierras in California. 

2. Poa howéllii Vasey and Scribn. 
HowrLt pBiusGrass. (Fig. 116.) 
Culms 30 to 85 cm. tall; sheaths 
retrorsely scabrous to glabrous; blades 
wider than in P. bolanderi, gradually 
acuminate; panicle one-third to half 
the entire height of the plant, open, 
the branches in rather distant fas- 
cicles, spreading, scabrous, naked 
below, some short branches inter- 
mixed; spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long, 
usually 3- or 4-flowered; glumes nar- 
row, acuminate, 1.5 and 2 mm. long; 
lemmas webbed at base, 2 to 3 mm. 
long, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent on 
the lower part, the nerves all rather 
distinct. © —Rocky banks and 
shaded slopes, mostly less than 1,000 
m., Vancouver Island to southern 
California, especially in the Coast 
Ranges. 

3. Poa bigelévii Vasey and Scribn. 
BIGELOW BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 117.) 
Culms erect, 15 to 35 em. tall; blades 
1 to 5 mm. wide; panicle narrow, 
interrupted, 7 to 15 em. long, the 
branches short, appressed; spikelets 
about 6 mm. long; glumes acuminate, 
4 mm. long, 3-nerved; lemmas about 
3 mm. long,sometimes 4 mm., webbed 
at base, conspicuously pubescent on 
the lower part of keel and lateral 
nerves, sometimes sparsely pubescent 
on lower part of internerves. © 
—Open ground, at medium altitudes, 
Oklahoma and western Texas to 
Colorado, Nevada, and southern Cali- 
fornia; northern Mexico. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 105 
4, Poa chapmaniana Scribn. (Fig. 


118.) Plant drying pale or tawny; YL 
culms densely tufted, slender, 10 to Y 
30 cm. tall; blades 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; 7 


panicle oblong-pyramidal, 3 to 8 cm. ‘ Wy 
long, open, the lower branches spread- ie 
ing; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, mostly VA 
3- to 5-flowered; glumes 2 and 2.5 VN 
y 
VA 


SS 
\—— 
SS 


SS 


NY 


=~ 
SS 


—_ 


mag 

ZZ 
= Ss 
ZAIN RS 


ZZ 
We 


LL 


iii 
<= 
Wiss 


—"* 
— 
BS 


SS 
SS 
WSs 


SS 
Ss 
ZS 


Ss 

oS 
<< 
S 


Figure 117.—Poa bigelovii. Panicle, & 1; floret, X 10. 
(Fendler 931, N. Mex.) 


Figure 116.—Poa howellii. Panicle, X 1; floret, & 10. 
(Suksdorf 10464, Wash.) 


mm. long; lemmas about 2 mm. long, 
webbed at base, strongly pubescent 
on the keel and lateral nerves, the 
intermediate nerves obscure; anthers 
Gal to) 0.2+mm-.long, ©. .—Open 
ground and cultivated fields, Massa- 
chusetts and New York; Delaware to 


: Ficure 118.—Poa chapmaniana. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
Nebraska, Florida and Texas. X 10. (V. H. Chase 3557, IIL.) ‘ 


106 
5. Poa annua L. ANNUAL BLUE- 
Grass. (Fig. 119.) Tufted, bright 


green, erect to spreading, sometimes 
rooting at the lower nodes, usually 
5 to 20 cm. tall, sometimes taller, 
forming mats; culms flattened; blades 
soft, lax, mostly 1 to 3 mm. wide; 
panicle pyramidal, open, 3 to 7 cm. 
long; spikelets crowded, 3- to 6- 
flowered, about 4 mm. long; first 
glume 1.5 to 2, the second 2 to 2.5 
mm. long; lemmas not webbed at 
base, distinctly 5-nerved, more or 
less pubescent on the lower half of 
all the nerves, the long hairs on the 
lower part of the keel sometimes 
simulating a web; anthers 0.5 to 
1 mm. long. © —Open ground, 
lawns, pastures, waste places, and 
openings in woods, Newfoundland 
and Labrador to Alaska, south to 
Florida and California; tropical Amer- 
ica at high altitudes; introduced from 
Europe. In warmer parts of the 
United States the species thrives in 
the winter; in intermediate latitudes 
it is a troublesome weed in lawns, 
erowing luxuriantly in spring, dying 
in early summer and leaving un- 
sightly patches. Occasionally found 
in flooded places and stream banks, 
the culms spreading. 
2. Praténses.—Perennials with slen- 
der creeping rhizomes. Several 
species dioecious. 


SS SS 
——=S> —— = 


FicureE 119.—Poa annua. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Hitchcock, D. C.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 120.—Poa compressa. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Gayle 750, Maine.) 


6. Poa compréssa L. CANADA BLUE- 
Grass. (Fig. 120.) Culms solitary or 
few together, often gregarious, strong- 
ly flattened, wiry, decumbent at 
base, bluish green, 15 to 70 em. tall; 
blades mostly rather short, 1 to 4 
mm. wide; panicle narrow, 3 to 10 
em. long, the usually short branches 
in pairs, spikelet-bearing to the base; 
spikelets crowded, subsessile, 3- to 
6-flowered, 4 to 6 mm. long; glumes 
2 to 3 mm. long; lemmas firm, 2 to 
3 mm. long, the web at base scant 
or wanting, the keel and marginal 
nerves slightly pubescent toward 
base, the intermediate nerves ob- 
scure. 2 —Open ground, open 
woods, meadows, and waste places, 
Newfoundland to Alaska, south to 
Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Okla- 
homa, New Mexico, and California; 
introduced from Europe. Cultivated 
for pastures in poor soil. 

7. Poa arachnifera Torr. TEXAs 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 121.) Plants dioe- 
cious; culms tufted, 30 to 75 cm. tall; 
blades mostly 2 to 4 mm. wide, 
scabrous above; panicle narrow, com- 
pact, more or less lobed or interrup- 


ee aaaeEeeEeeEeEeEeEErEre———— TTT TS Sw 


er a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ted, 5 to 12 cm. long; spikelets mostly 
5- to 10-flowered, the pistillate con- 
spicuously cobwebby, the lemmas 5 
to 6 mm. long, acuminate, copiously 
long webby at base, the strongly 
compressed keel and lateral nerves 
cihate-fringed along the lower half; 
staminate lemmas glabrous or with 
a scant web at base. 2 W—Prairies 


> SS 


107 


sively creeping rhizomes, and also 
long runners creeping over the sand, 
15 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths tawny, 
papery; blades involute, subflexuous; 
panicle contracted, sometimes dense 
and spikelike, 5 to 12 em. long, pale 
or tawny; spikelets about 12 mm. 
long, about 5-flowered; glumes 3- 
nerved, or the second indistinctly 5- 


i) 


Mee JEL LLM {Ny y Hie. 
YAY) oy) j 
Zaps if ( 
Yen Ss WW \ . i A M 
Ss Nee, peat yy In 


4 


ISN \\vasay 
Wh i AN 


) LU] px 
Peay ay 2 


WX j b 
\ : L : i 
\ : A\\ - 
@\G ; 
_ \ 
y 


\ q Wy 
\\ A \ WE yr 
by WY | Y 
SH, “SSH fi” A) 
Ne WV 


Gy © 
PAS NW 7 


Figure 121.—Poa arachnifera. Plant and pistillate (¢) and staminate (#) panicles, X 1; pistillate (Q) and 
staminate () florets, X 10. (Blackman, Tex.) 


and plains, southern Kansas to Texas 
and Arkansas; introduced eastward 
to North Carolina and _ Florida; 
Idaho. Sometimes cultivated for win- 
ter pasture. 

8. Poa macrantha Vasey. (Fig. 
122.) Plants dioecious; culms erect 
from a decumbent base, with exten- 


nerved, about 8 mm. long; lemmas 
about 8 mm. long, short-webbed at 
base, pubescent on the keel and 
marginal nerves below, slightly sca- 
brous on the keel above; pistillate 
florets with abortive stamens. 2 
—Sand dunes along the coast, Wash- 
ington to northern California. 


LOS 


Poa macrantha, Plant, X 
X 10. (ERtehcock 2822, Creg.) 


1; floret, 


Krauren 122. 


9. Poa douglasii Nees. (Pig. 123.) 
Plants dioecious, the two kinds sim- 
ilar; culms ascending from a decum- 
bent base, usually less than 30 em. 
tall; rhizomes slender; sheaths g¢la- 
brous, tawny and papery; blades in- 
volute, some of them usually ex- 
ceeding the culm; panicle ovoid, 
dense, spikelike, 2 to 5 cm. long, 1 
to 2 cm. wide, pale or purplish; 
spikelets 6 to 10 mm. long; about 
d-flowered; glumes broad, 3-nerved, 
4 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 6 to 7 mm. 
long, slightly webbed at base, pubes- 
cent on the lower part of the keel 
and marginal nerves, scabrous on 
the upper part of the keel, usually 
with 1 to 3 pairs of intermediate 
nerves. 2 Sand dunes near the 
coast, California, Point Arena to 
Monterey. 

10. Poa confinis Vasey. (Fig. 124.) 
Plants dioecious, the two kinds sim- 
ilar; culms often geniculate at base, 
usually less than 15 em. tall, some- 
times as much as 30 cm.; blades 
involute, those of the innovations 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 


S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


numerous; panicle narrow, 1 to 3 
em. long, tawny, the short branches 
ascending or appressed; spikelets 4 
to 5mm. long, mostly 3- or 4-flowered; 
glumes unequal, the second 3 mm. 
long; lemmas 3 mm. long, seaberu- 
lous, sparsely webbed at base, the 
nerves faint; pistillate florets with 
minute abortive anthers, the stami- 
nate often with rudimentary pistil. 
Ql Sand dunes and sandy mead- 
ows near the coast, British Columbia 


1 


to Mendocino County, Calif. 


Fievre 123.—Poe douglasit. Plant, X 1; floret, * 10. 
(Bolander 6074, Calif.) 


11. Poa rhizOmata Hitche. (Fig. 
125.) Culms tufted with numerous 
innovations, 40 to 60 cm. tall; lower 
sheaths usually scaberulous with a 
puberulent collar; ligule rather promi- 
nent on the culm leaves, inconspicu- 
ous on the leaves of the innovations; 
blades involute or sometimes flat, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATIS 


firm, less than 1 mm. thick, flexuous, 
mostly basal, 2 on the culm, usually 
puberulent on the upper surface; 
panicle open, 5 to 8 em. long, the 
lower branches mostly in pairs, 2 to 
3 om. long; spikelets, 3- to 5-flowered, 
6 to 10 mm. long; glumes 38 to 5 mm. 


= 


Poa confinis. Plant, %*% 1; floret, * 10. 
(Piper 4910, Wash.) 


W/ a 


Viagure 124, 


long; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, with 
a rather short web at the base, sca- 
berulous at least on the rather dis- 
tinct nerves, pubescent on the low- 
er part of keel. 2 —Dry slopes, 
southwestern Oregon and northwest- 
ern California; apparently rare. 


109 


Wraune 125.—Poarhizomata. Plant, % 1; floret, % 10. 
(VType.) 


12. Poa fibrata Swallen. (ig. 126.) 
Culms 15 to 35 cm. tall, erect from 
an ascending base; lower sheaths 
thin, smooth and shining; ligule 1 to 
1.5 mm. long; blades 4 to 8 cm. long, 
firm, conduplicate, curved, pungent, 
scabrous; panicles 4 to 10 cm. long, 
dense, the short appressed branches 
floriferous to the base; spikelets 3- 
to 4-flowered, 5 to 6 mm. long; 
lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long, acute or 
subobtuse, glabrous or obscurely pu- 
bescent toward the base. 2 Sa- 
line flats, Shasta Valley, Siskiyou 
County, Calif. 

13. Poa atropurpirea Scribn. (Mig. 
127.) Culms erect, 30 to 40 cm. tall; 


110 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 126.—Poa fibrata. Plant, & 1; floret, X 10. 
(Type.) 


Figure 127.—Poa atropurpurea. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Type.) 


blades mostly basal, the uppermost 
culm leaf below the middle of the 
culm, folded or involute, firm; panicle 
contracted, almost spikelike, purple- 
tinged, 3 to 5 cm. long; spikelets 3 to 
4 mm. long, rather thick; glumes 
broad, less than 2 mm. long; lemmas 
about 2.5 mm. long, broad, glabrous, 
not webbed at base, the nerves faint. 
2} —Known only from Bear Valley, 
San Bernardino Mountains, Calif. 

14. Poa carta Rydb. (Fig. 128.) 
Culms few in a loose tuft, 40 to 80 
cm. tall, rather lax; sheaths glabrous 
or minutely roughened; ligule trun- 


[4 
LE 
AN 


A shh 
7. 
dake 
=> =e 
RS 
YS Q 


4 

YY Ave 

th Bee ze 
be Se NGS 
= ff 
SSE 
RiGee: 

WN 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


cate, about 1 mm. long; blades 3 to 6 
mm. wide; panicle open, 5 to 15 cm. 
long, nodding, the rather distant 
branches spreading or reflexed, naked 
below; spikelets 5 to 10 mm. long, 2- 
to 6-flowered; lemmas lanceolate, sub- 
acute, slightly scaberulous, some- 
times slightly pubescent on the back 
at base, without a web, 4 to 5.5 mm. 


111 


open, usually 5 to 10 cm. long, the 
apex nodding, the branches mostly in 
twos or threes, naked below; lemmas 
rather strongly nerved, glabrous or 
pubescent on the lower part of the 
nerves. 2 (P. wheelerit Vasey; P. 
olneyae Piper.)—Open woods at me- 
dium altitudes, Alberta and British 
Columbia, south in the mountains to 


FicuRE 128.—Poa curta. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Jones 5573, Utah.) 


long, rather strongly nerved or inter- 
mediate nerves faint. 2 —Moist 
shady places at medium altitudes, 
western Wyoming, southern Idaho, 
and Utah. 

15. Poa nervodsa (Hook.) Vasey. 
WHEELER BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 129.) 
Culms erect, 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous or the lower retrorsely pu- 
bescent, often purple, the collar often 
puberulent; ligule 1 to 2 mm. long; 
blades sometimes folded; panicle 


Colorado, New Mexico, and Cali- 
fornia. Typical P. nervosa (including 
P. olneyae) found mostly in Wash- 
ington and Oregon, has glabrous to 
scaberulous strongly nerved lemmas, 
glabrous sheaths, and a loose open 
panicle, the capillary lower branches 
in whorls of 3 or 4, drooping, as much 
as 8 cm. long; typical P. wheeleri, 
originally described from Colorado, 
has firmer, less strongly nerved lem- 
mas, more or less pubescent on the 


112 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE © 


YUNViy' 
LLNS, 
are 


ype 
1; 

Haus 
a na 


FicuRE 129.—Poa nervosa. A, Plant, X 1. (Suksdorf 10364, Wash.) B, Floret, X 10. (Type of P. wheeler#.) 
C, Floret, X 10. (Type of P. nervosa.) 


\ \ f Ai) 
A! iy qv | 


on 


Ol yee 


ee 
> 


Ficure 130.—Poa kelloggii. Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. (Kellogg and Bolander 14, Calif.) 


lower part of the keel and marginal 
nerves, and purplish retrorsely pubes- 
cent lower sheaths. These characters 
are not coordinated, and the forms 
grade into each other, both as to char- 
acters and range. 

16. Poa kelloggii Vasey. (Fig. 130.) 
Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths 
slightly scabrous; blades flat or 
folded, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle py- 
ramidal, open, 7 to 15 cm. long, the 


branches mostly solitary or in twos, 
spreading or reflexed, bearing a few 
spikelets toward the ends; spikelets 
rather loosely flowered, 4 to 6 mm. 
long; glumes 3 and 4 mm. long; lem- 
mas acute or almost cuspidate, 4 to 5 
mm. long, glabrous, rather obscurely 
nerved, conspicuously webbed at 
base. 2 —Moist woods and shady 
places, Coast Ranges from Corvallis, 
Oreg., to Santa Cruz County, Calif. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES se 


Figure 131.—Poa laxiflora. Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 23468, Wash.) 


17. Poa laxiflora Buckl. (Fig. 131.) scabrous; ligule 3 to 5 mm. long; 
Culms retrorsely scabrous, 100 to 120 blades lax, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle 
em. tall; sheaths slightly retrorse- loose, open, nodding or drooping, 10 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


114 


f 


ZEA > 


Ficure 132.—Poa pratensis. Plant, X 4%; spikelet, X 5; floret, X 10. (Williams, 8S. Dak.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


to 15 em. long, the lower branches in 
whorls of 3 or 4; spikelets 3- or 4- 
flowered, 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 
about 4 mm. long, webbed at base, 
rather sparsely pubescent on lower 
part of the nerves. 2 —Moist 
woods, southeastern Alaska (Cape 
Fox, Hot Springs), Sol Duc Hot 
Springs, Olympic Mountains, Wash. 
Sauvies Island (near Portland), Oreg. 

18. Poa praténsis L. Kpnrucky 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 132.) Culms tufted, 
erect, slightly compressed, 30 to 100 
cm. tall; sheaths somewhat keeled; 
ligule about 2 mm. long; blades soft, 
flat or folded, mostly 2 to 4 mm. wide, 
the basal often elongated; panicle 
pyramidal or oblong-pyramidal, open, 
the lowermost branches usually in a 
whorl of 5, ascending or spreading, 
naked below, normally 1 central long 
one, 2 shorter lateral ones and 2 short 
intermediate ones; spikelets crowded, 
3- to 5-flowered, 3 to 6 mm. long; 
lemmas copiously webbed at base, 
silky-pubescent on lower half or two- 
thirds of the keel and marginal nerves, 
the intermediate nerves distinct, gla- 
brous. 2 —Open woods, mead- 
ows, and open ground, widely dis- 
tributed throughout the United States 


Figure 133.—Poa cuspidata. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Smith 27, Pa.) 


115 


and northward, except in arid regions, 
found in all the States (but not com- 


-mon in the Gulf States) and at all al- 


titudes below alpine regions; intro- 
duced from Europe. Bluegrass is 
commonly cultivated for lawns and 
pasture in the humid northern parts 
of the United States. 

19. Poa cuspidata Nutt. (Fig. 133.) 
Culms in large lax tufts, 30 to 50 cm. 
tall, scarcely longer than the basal 
blades; blades lax, 2 to 3 mm. wide, 
abruptly cuspidate-pointed ; panicle 7 
to 12 em. long, open, the branches 
mostly in pairs, distant, spreading, 
spikelet-bearing near the ends; spike- 
lets 3- or 4-flowered; lemmas 4 to 6 
mm. long, tapering to an acute apex, 
webbed at base, sparingly pubescent 
on the keel and marginal nerves, the 
intermediate nerves distinct, gla- 
brous. 2 (P. brachyphylla Schult.) 
—Rocky woods, New York, New 
Jersey to Ohio, south to Georgia and 
Alabama. 

20. Poa arida Vasey. PLAINS BLUE- 
Grass. (Fig. 134.) Culms erect, 20 to 
60 cm. tall; blades mostly basal, firm, 
folded, usually 2 to 3 mm. wide, a 
single culm leaf usually below the 
middle of the culm, its blade short; 


ANA iz AN f 


Figure 134.—Poa arida. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Jones, Colo.) 


116 


panicle narrow, somewhat contracted, 
2 to 10 cm. long, the branches ap- 
pressed or ascending; spikelets rather 
thick, 5 to 7 mm. long, 4- to 8-flow- 
ered; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, densely 
villous on the keel and marginal 
nerves and more or less villous on the 
lower part of the intermediate nerves. 
2 (P. sheldont Vasey.)—Prairies, 
plains, and alkali meadows, up to 
3,000 m., Manitoba to Alberta, south 
to western Iowa, Texas, and New 
Mexico. 

21. Poa glaucifélia Scribn. and 
Will. (Fig. 135.) Plants glaucous; 
culms in loose tufts, 60 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, open, mostly 10 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches usually in some- 
what distant whorls, mostly in threes, 
ascending, very scabrous, naked be- 
low; spikelets 2- to 4-flowered; glumes 


Figure 135.—Poa glaucifolia. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Rydberg 3288, Mont.) 


4 to 5mm. long; lemmas about 4mm. 
long, villous on the lower half of the 
keel and marginal nerves and more or 
less so on the intermediate nerves be- 
low. 2  —Moist places, ditches, 
and open woods at medium altitudes, 
British Columbia and Alberta through 
Idaho to Minnesota, Nebraska, New 
Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


22. Poa 4rctica R. Br. Arctic 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 136.) Culms loosely 
tufted, erect from a decumbent base, 


FIGuRE 136.—Poa arctica. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Sewall 244, Baffin Land.) 


10 to 30 cm. tall; ligule pointed, up to 
4 mm. long; blades mostly basal, flat 
or folded, mostly 2 to 3 mm. wide, one 
short blade about the middle of the 
culm; panicle open, pyramidal, 5 to 10 
cm. long, the lower branches usually 
2, spreading, sometimes reflexed, 
bearing a few spikelets toward the 
tip; spikelets 5 to 8 mm. long, 3- or 
4-flowered; lemmas densely villous on 
the keel and marginal nerves and pu- 
bescent on the lower part of the inter- 
nerves, the base often webbed. 2 
(P. grayana Vasey; P. aperta Scribn. 
and Merr., a form with pale, rather 
lax panicles longer than wide.)— 
Meadows, mostly above timber line, 
Arctic regions, south to Nova Scotia, 
in the Rocky Mountains to Nevada 
and northern New Mexico and in the 
Cascades to Oregon; California (Inyo 


County). 
3. Palistres—Perennials without 
creeping rhizomes; lemmas 


webbed at base, glabrous, or pu- 
bescent on the nerves. 

23. Poa trivialis L. RouGH BLUE- 

Grass. (Fig. 137.) Culms erect from a 

decumbent base, often rather lax, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


scabrous below the panicle, 30 to 100 
em. tall; sheaths retrorsely scabrous 
or scaberulous, at least toward the 
summit; ligule 4 to 6 mm. long; blades 
scabrous, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle ob- 
long, 6 to 15 mm. long, the lower 
branches about 5 in a whorl; spikelets 
usually 2- or 3-flowered, about 3 mm. 
long; lemma 2.5 to 3 mm. long, gla- 
brous except the slightly pubescent 
keel, or lateral nerves rarely pubes- 
cent, the web at base conspicuous, the 
nerves prominent. 2 —Moist 


Figure 137.—Poa trivialis. Panicle, 


places, Newfoundland and Ontario to 
North Carolina, Minnesota, South 
Dakota, and Colorado; on the Pacific 
coast from southern Alaska to north- 
ern California; on ballast, Louisiana; 
introduced from Europe. Sometimes 
used in mixtures for meadows and 
pastures under the name_ rough- 
stalked meadow grass. 

24. Poa marcida Hitche. (Fig. 
138.) Culms erect, in small tufts, 40 
to 100 cm. tall; ligule very short; 
blades thin, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
drooping, narrow, 10 to 18 em. long, 
the capillary branches somewhat dis- 
tant, solitary or in pairs, ascending or 
appressed; spikelets mostly 2-flow- 
ered; glumes about 3 mm. long; lem- 
mas narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 
4 to 5 mm. long, glabrous, long- 
webbed at base. 2 —Bogs and 


EEF 


wet shady places, Vancouver Island 
to the coast mountains of Oregon. 
25. Poa alsddes A. Gray. (Fig. 
139.) Culms in lax tufts, 30 to 60 cm. 
tall; blades thin, lax, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, very 
open, the slender branches in distant 
whorls of threes to fives, finally widely 
spreading, naked below, few-flowered; 
spikelets 2- or 3-flowered, about 5 
mm. long; lemmas gradually acute, 
webbed at base, pubescent on the 
lower part of the keel, otherwise 


X 1; floret, X 10. (Coville, N. Y.) 


glabrous, faintly nerved. 21 —Rich 
or moist woods, Ontario and Maine 
to Minnesota, south to Delaware and 
the mountains of North Carolina and 
Tennessee. 

26. Poa languida Hitche. (Fig. 
140.) Culms weak, in loose tufts, 30 
to 60 or even 100 cm. tall; ligule 
about 1 mm. long; blades lax, 2 to 
4 mm. wide; panicle nodding, 5 to 
10 cm. long, the few slender branches 
mostly in twos or threes, ascending, 
few-flowered toward the ends; spike- 
lets 2- to 4-flowered, 3 to 4 mm. long; 
lemmas 2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous 
except the webbed base, oblong, 
rather obtuse, at maturity firm. 2 
(P. debilis Torr., not Thuill.)—Dry 
or rocky woods, Newfoundland and 
Quebec to Wisconsin, south to Penn- 
sylvania, Kentucky, and Iowa. 


118 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Type.) 


27. Poa saltuénsis Fern. and Wieg. 
(Fig. 141.) Resembling P. languida; 
differing in the thinner, acute, some- 
what longer lemmas. 2 —Wood- 
land thickets, Quebec and New- 
foundland to Minnesota, south to 
Connecticut and Virginia. 

28. Poa occidentalis Vasey. New 
MEXICAN BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 142.) 
Culms erect, few in a tuft, usually 
rather stout, scabrous, as much as 
1 to 1.5 m. tall; sheaths somewhat 
keeled, retrorsely scabrous (some- 
times faintly so); ligule 2 to 8 mm. 
long; blades scabrous, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, 3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle open, 
15 to 30 em. long, the branches in 
distant whorls of threes to fives, 
spreading to reflexed, the lower as 
much as 10 cm. long, spikelet-bearing 
toward the ends; spikelets 3- to 6- 
flowered; lemmas 4.5 to 5 mm. long, 
conspicuously webbed at base, villous 
on the lower part of the keel and the 
marginal nerves and sometimes spar- 
ingly pubescent on the internerves 
below. 2 —Open woods and moist 
banks at medium altitudes, Wyoming 
to New Mexico. 

29. Poa tracyi Vasey. (Fig. 143.) 
Culms erect, 60 to 80 cm. tall; 
sheaths glabrous, keeled; ligule trun- 
cate, about 2 mm. long; blades 3 to 
5 mm. wide; panicle narrowly pyram- 


FiGurE 139.—Poa alsodes. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Wilson, N. Y.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 119 


DAY 


tay 


wv | 
i 


Figure 140.—Poa languida. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Chase 7511, N. Y.) 


Figure 141.—Poa_ saltuensis. 
Panicle, X 1; floret, x 10. 
(Fernald and Pease 24875, 
Quebec.) 


Figure 142.—Poa occidentalis. 
Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Standley 4344, N. Mex.) 


120 


idal, 15 to 20 em. long, the branches 
in distant whorls of 2 to 5, spreading, 
naked on the lower half or two- 
thirds; spikelets 2- or 3-flowered; 
lemmas about 3.5 mm. long, oblong- 
lanceolate or the upper lanceolate, 
webbed at base, villous on keel and 
marginal nerves, and more or less so 
on the internerves below, the inter- 
mediate nerves distinct. eine at 
Known only from Raton, N. Mex. 
May be a form of P. occidentalis. 


Fi@urse 143.—Poa tracyt. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Type.) 


30. Poa sylvéstris A. Gray. (Fig. 
144.) Culms tufted, erect, 30 to 100 
em. tall; sheaths glabrous or rarely 
pubescent, the lower usually antrorse- 
ly scabrous; ligule about 1 mm. long; 
blades lax, 2 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 
erect, 10 to 20 cm. long, much long- 
er than wide, the slender flexuous 
branches spreading, usually 3 to 6 
at a node, the lower usually reflexed; 
spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, 3 to 4 mm. 
long; lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 
webbed at base, pubescent on the 
keel and marginal nerves and more 
or less pubescent on the internerves. 
21 —Rich, moist, or rocky woods, 
New York to Wisconsin and Nebras- 
ka, south to Florida and Texas. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Sheaths pubescent in a specimen from 
St. Louis, Mo. 

31. Poa refléxa Vasey and Scribn. 
NoppDING BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 145.) 
Culms solitary or in smal! tufts, 
erect, 20 to 40 em. tall; blades rather 
short, 1 to 4 mm. wide; panicle 
nodding, 5 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches naked below, solitary, in 
pairs or in threes, the lower usually 
reflexed, sometimes strongly so; spike- 
lets 2- to 4-flowered; lemmas about 


X 1; floret 


Figure 144.—Poa sylvestris. Panicle, 
X 10. (Wheeler 6, Mich.) 


3 mm. long, oblong-elliptic, webbed 
at base, villous on keel and marginal 
nerves, sometimes on intermediate 
nerves. 21 —Open slopes and al- 
pine meadows, 2,000 to 4,000 m., 
Montana to eastern British Columbia, 
south in the mountains to New 
Mexico and Arizona. 

32. Poa wolfii Scribn. (Fig. 146.) 
Culms tufted, erect, 40 to 80 cm. 
tall; sheaths slightly scabrous; blades 
crowded toward the base of the 
culms, mostly 1 to 2 mm. wide; 
panicle drooping, 8 to 15 em. long, 
the branches ascending, bearing a few 
spikelets toward the ends, the lower 
mostly in pairs; spikelets 2- to 4- 
flowered, 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


3.5 to 4.5 mm. long, acute, webbed 
at base, pubescent on the keel and 
marginal nerves, the intermediate 
nerves distinct. 2 —Moist woods, 
Ohio to Minnesota, Nebraska, and 
Missouri. 

33. Poa paucispicula Scribn. and 
Merr. (Fig. 147.) Culms tufted, leafy, 
rather lax, 10 to 30 cm. tall, the base 
often decumbent; blades 1 to 2 mm. 
wide; panicle lax, few-flowered, 2 to 
8 cm. long, the branches in pairs or 
solitary, naked below; spikelets ovate, 
purple, 4 to 6 mm. long, 2- to 5- 
flowered; glumes rather broad, acute, 
3 to 4 mm. long; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. 
long, oblong, obtuse, webbed at base 
(the web sometimes scant), pubescent 
on the keel and marginal nerves 
below. 21 —Rocky slopes, Alaska 
to Washington (alpine slopes, Mount 
Rainier, Mount Baker); Glacier Na- 
tional Park, Mont. More leafy than 
P. leptocoma, more tufted, the panicle 
branches notsolong; spikelets broader. 

34, Poa leptocéma Trin. Boc BLUE- 
GRAss. (Fig. 148.) Culms slender, 
solitary, or few in a tuft, 20 to 50 
em. tall, often decumbent at base; 
sheaths usually slightly scabrous; 
ligule acute, the uppermost 3 to 4 
mm. long; blades short, lax, mostly 
2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle nodding, 
delicate, few-flowered, the branches 
capillary, ascending or spreading, 
subflexuous, the lower mostly in 
pairs; spikelets narrow, 2- to 4- 
flowered; glumes narrow, acuminate; 
lemmas 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long, acumi- 
nate, webbed at base, pubescent on 
the keel and marginal nerves or 
sometimes nearly glabrous, the inter- 
mediate nerves distinct. 2 —Bogs, 
Alaska, south in the mountains to 
northern New Mexico, Colorado, and 
California (Mount Dana). 

35. Poa paludigena Fern. and 
Wieg. (Fig. 149.) Culms. slender, 
solitary or in small tufts, 15 to 70 
cm. tall; sheaths minutely scabrous; 
ligule short, truncate, the uppermost 
as much as 1.5 mm. long; blades 
rather lax, mostly erect, 0.3 to 2 mm. 


121 


wide; panicle loose and open, mostly 
5 to 10 cm. long, the branches long 
and slender, distant, the lower mostly 
in twos, spikelet-bearing above the 
middle; spikelets mostly 4 to 5 mm. 
long, narrow, 2- to 5-flowered; lem- 
mas 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, webbed at 
base with a few long hairs, the keel 


= 


=\V(S—— 


MA LE 
f BS 
SF, 
Q(X 
LP 
“5 
& 


FEY I 
Leff} 


Zi 
4 
a 


SD 
<s 


\ 
i 


Figure 145.—Poa reflexa. Panicle, 1; floret, * 10. 
(Clokey 11330, Colo.) 

and lateral nerves pubescent on the 
lower half or two-thirds, the inter- 
mediate nerves glabrous, obscure. 
21 —Bogs and springy places, New 
York and Pennsylvania to Illinois 
and Wisconsin. 


122 


Ny 
ey, 
3S). 

QY NV 
—— . 
MA 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 146.—Poa wolfii. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Deam 33821, Ind.) 


36. Poa bulbésa L. BuLBous BLUE- 
Grass. (Fig. 150.) Culms densely 
tufted, more or less bulbous at base, 
30 to 60 cm. tall; blades flat or 
loosely involute, 1 to 2 mm. wide; 
panicle ovoid, mostly 5 to 8 cm. 
long, somewhat contracted, the 
branches ascending or appressed, 
some floriferous to base; spikelets 
mostly proliferous, the florets con- 
verted into bulblets with a dark 
purple base (about 2 mm. long), the 
bracts extending into slender green 
tips 5 to 15 mm. long; unaltered 


spikelets about 5-flowered, apparent- 
ly not perfecting seed; lemmas 2.5 
mm. long, webbed at base, densely 
silky on the keel and marginal nerves, 
the intermediate nerves faint. 21 
—Fields and meadows, New York to 
North Carolina; North Dakota to 
British Columbia and _ California; 
Utah; Colorado and Oklahoma; intro- 
duced from Europe, propagated by 
bulblets. 

37. Poa nemoralis L. Woop BLUE- 
a@rass. (Fig. 151.) Culms tufted, 30 
to 70 em. tall; ligule very short; 


—————— 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


blades rather lax, about 2 mm. wide; 
panicle 4 to 10 cm. long, the branches 
spreading; spikelets 2- to 5-flowered, 
39 to 5 mm. long; glumes narrow, 
sharply acuminate, about as long as 
the first floret; lemmas 2 to 3 mm. 
long, sparsely webbed at base, pubes- 
cent on the keel and marginal nerves, 
the intermediate nerves obscure. 2 
—lLabrador to Alaska and British 
Columbia; occasional in meadows, 


FicuRE 147.—Poa paucispicula. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Hitcheock 11711, Wash.) 


Fiaure 149.—Poa paludigena. Panicle, 
X 10. (Hames and Wiegand 9250, N. 


x 
re 


floret, 


-) 


123 


~ 


Figure 148.—Poa leptocoma. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
x 10. (Arséne and Benedict 15562, N. Mex.) 


Maine to Pennsylvania, Michigan, 
and Minnesota; Wyoming; Washing- 
ton; Delaware and Virginia; intro- 
duced from Europe. Differing from P. 
palustris and P. interior in the very 
short ligule and the narrow acumi- 
nate glumes. 

38. Poa macroclada Rydb. (Fig. 
152.) Culms 50 to 80 cm. tall, gla- 
brous; ligule prominent, 2 to 3 mm. 
long; blades 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
open, 10 to 20 em. long, pyramidal, 
the branches spreading, distant, in 
twos or threes, as much as 8 cm. 
long, naked on the lower half or 


124 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Viaury 150.—Poa bulbosa, X 1. (Henderson 6136, 
Idaho.) 


Figure 151.—Poa nemoralis. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Hitchcock 23662, Newfoundland.) 


two-thirds; spikelets about 6 mm. 
long, 2- or 3-flowered, purple; glumes 
3.5 to 4 mm. long; lemmas 4 to 4.5 
mm. long, pubescent on the keel and 
marginal nerves, the web scant or 
wanting. 2 Moist places, at me- 
dium altitudes, Colorado, Montana, 
and Idaho. A little-known species, 
allied to P. palustris, but with larger 
spikelets. 

39. Poa palistris L. Fowi BLuUE- 
Grass. (Fig. 153.) Culms loosely 
tufted, glabrous, decumbent at the 


Iigure 152.—Poa macroclada. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Duplicate type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


flattened purplish base, 30 to 150 cm. 
tall; sheaths keeled, sometimes sca- 
berulous; ligule 3 to 5 mm. long, or 
only 1 mm. on the innovations; blades 
1 to 2mm. wide; panicle pyramidal or 
oblong, nodding, yellowish green or 
purplish, 10 to 80 ecm. long, the 
branches in rather distant fascicles, 
naked below; spikelets 2- to 4-flow- 
ered, about 4 mm. long; glumes lan- 
ceolate, acute, shorter than the first 
floret; lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long, usu- 
ally bronzed at the tip, webbed at 


) 
D>» LYS QA 


125 


ginal nerves, the intermediate nerves 
faint. 21 —Grassy slopes and open 
woods at medium altitudes, usually 
not extending much above timber 
line, Quebec to British Columbia and 
Washington,south to Vermont, Mich- 
igan, Minnesota, western Nebraska, 
Texas, and Arizona. 


4. Homalopéae.—Culms flattened; 
blades flat or conduplicate, with 
a conspicuous boat-shaped tip, 
often splitting at the apex. 


Figure 153.—Poa palustris. Panicle, * 1; floret, * 10. (Suksdorf 7022, Wash.) 


base, villous on the keel and marginal 
nerves. 21 —Meadows and moist 
open ground, at low and medium alti- 
tudes, Newfoundland and Quebec to 
Alaska, south to Virginia, Missouri, 
Nebraska, New Mexico, and Cali- 
fornia (Sierra Valley, Siskiyou Coun- 
ty); Eurasia. 

40. Poa intérior Rydb. INLAND 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 154.) Culms erect 
from a usually densely tufted erect 
base, commonly rather stiff, often 
scabrous below the panicle, 20 to 50 
em. tall; sheaths slightly keeled or 
terete; ligule usually less than 1 mm. 
long; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle 
narrowly pyramidal, 5 to 10 cm. long, 
the branches ascending, the lower 2 or 
3 spikelets about 4 mm. long, 2- to 
4-flowered; glumes relatively broad, 
acute to acuminate; lemmas 3 to 3.5 
mm. long, webbed at base (the web 
sometimes scant or obscure), villous 
on the lower half of the keel and mar- 


Fiaure 154.—Poa interior. Panicle, X 1; floret, * 10. 
(Clements 297, Colo.) 


126 


|FraurE 155.—Poa chaizii. Panicle, X 1 


41. Poa chaixii Vill. (Fig. 155.) 
Culms erect or ascending, as much as 
1 m. tall, soft, flattened, smooth and 
shining; sheaths compressed, keeled, 
glabrous, the lower somewhat 
crowded; blades mostly 10 to 20 cm. 
long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, flat or con- 
duplicate, glabrous with scabrous 
margins; panicles about 15 cm. long, 
the slender spreading branches in 
whorls of 5, spikelet-bearing above 
the middle; spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long, 
2- to 4-flowered, short-pediceled; 
lemmas 3.5 to 4 mm. long, acute, gla- 
brous, or scabrous on the keel, dis- 
tinctly 5-nerved. 2 —Rich woods, 
Minnesota (Hunters Hill near Du- 
luth, apparently indigenous); north- 
ern Europe. 

5. Alpinae.—Perennials without 
creeping rhizomes; lemmas not 
webbed at base, pubescent on 
the keel or on the marginal 
nerves, or both, sometimes also 
pubescent on internerves. 

42. Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Va- 
sey. Mutton arass. (Fig. 156.) In- 
completely dioecious; culms erect, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


aN SN 
Wes Re 
NIE 


7 ny ss - y — i ‘ a ~ 
ay = 
\ 


Fieure 156.—Poa fendleriana. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Eggleston 6463, N. Mex.) 


tufted, scabrous below the panicle, 30 
to 50 em. tall; sheaths somewhat sca- 
brous; ligule less than 1 mm. long, not 
noticeable viewed from the side of the 
sheath; blades mostly basal, folded or 
involute, firm and stiff; panicle long- 
exserted, oblong, contracted, pale, 2 
to 7 em. long; spikelets 4- to 6-flow- 
ered, about 8 mm. long; glumes 
broad, 3 to 4 mm. long; lemmas 4 to 
5 mm. long, villous on lower part of 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


keel and marginal nerves, the inter- 
mediate nerves obscure; pistillate 
spikelets with minute stamens, the 
anthers about 0.2 mm. long. 2 — 
Mesas, open dry woods, and rocky 
hills at medium altitudes, Manitoba 
to British Columbia, south through 
western South Dakota (Black Hills), 
Nebraska, and Idaho to western 
Texas (Chisos Mountains) and Cali- 
fornia; northern Mexico. A _ very 
small proportion of specimens have 
been found with well-developed sta- 
mens having large anthers, the pistil 
also developed. 

43. Poa longiligula Scribn. and 
Will. LoNGTONGUE MUTTON GRASS. 
(Fig. 157.) Differing from P. fendleri- 
ana in the prominent ligule, as much 
as 5 to 7 mm. long and in the looser, 
often longer, usually greenish pani- 
cle. 2 —North Dakota to Oregon, 
south to New Mexico and California. 


W. 


Fieure 157.—Poa longiligula. Ligule, * 1. (Jones 
5149, Utah.) 


44. Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex EI. 
(Fig. 158.) Culms in rather large lax 
tufts, 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades 2 to 2 
mm. wide, numerous at base; panicle 
10 to 20 cm. long, about as broad, 
very open, the capillary flexuous 
branches spreading, bearing a few 
spikelets near the ends; spikelets 4- to 
6-flowered, about 6 mm. long; lemmas 
oblong, obtusely rounded at the scari- 
ous compressed apex, villous on the 
keel and marginal nerves, pubescent 
on the internerves below or sometimes 


I 


Figure 158.—Poa oautumnalis. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Curtiss 6787, Ga.) 


Figure 159.—Poa alpina. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Eggleston 11824, Colo.) 


128 


nearly to apex. 2 —Moist woods, 
New Jersey to Michigan and Illinois, 
south to Florida and Texas. 

45. Poa alpina L. ALPINE BLUE- 
GRAss. (Fig. 159.) Culms erect from a 
rather thick vertical crown, rather 
stout, 10 to 30 em. tall; blades short, 
2 to 5mm. wide, the uppermost about 
the middle of the culm; panicle ovoid 
or short-pyramidal, rather compact, 
1 to 8 em. long, the lower branches 
often reflexed; spikelets broad, purple 
or purplish; glumes broad, abruptly 
acute; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, 
strongly villous on the keel and mar- 
ginal nerves, pubescent on the inter- 
nerves below, the intermediate nerves 
faint. 2 —Mountain meadows, 
Arctic regions of the Northern Hemi- 
sphere, extending south to Quebec, 
northern Michigan (Keweenaw 
Point), and the alpine summits of 
Colorado, Utah, Washington, and 
Oregon (Wallowa Mountains); Mex- 
ico. 

46. Poa stenantha Trin. (Fig. 160.) 
Culms tufted, 30 to 50 cm. tall; 


iY og 
WEEE 


% 


VG 


Ficgure 160.—Poa stenantha. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Blankinship, Mont.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ligule prominent, as much as 5 mm. 
long; blades flat or loosely involute, 
rather lax, mostly basal, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide, the uppermost culm leaf below 
the middle of the culm; panicle nod- 
dng, 5 to 15 em. long, the branches 
in twos or threes, arcuate-drooping, 
naked below, with a few spikelets at 
the ends; spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, 6 
to 8 mm. long; lemmas about 5 mm. 
long, pubescent on the lower part of 
keel and marginal nerves, sparsely 
pubescent on the internerves below. 
21 —Moist open ground, Alaska, 
Alberta, and British Columbia, ex- 
tending into Montana, Colorado 
(White River Forest), Idaho, Wash- 
ington (Nooksack River), and Oregon 
(Crater Lake). 


Figure 161.—A, Poa glauca. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Hitchcock 16053, N. H.) B, P. glaucantha. 
Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Butters, Abbe, and 
Abbe 258, Minn.) 


47. Poa glatica Vahl. (Fig. 161, A.) 
Plants glaucous, in close or loose 
tufts; culms compressed, stiff, 10 to 
30 cm. tall, sometimes taller, naked 
above, the uppermost leaf usually 
much below the middle, its ligule 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


about 2 mm. long; blades mostly 
basal, 3 to 5 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide; panicle 3 to 7 em. long, narrow, 
sometimes rather compact, the 
branches erect or ascending, few- 
flowered; spikelets mostly 2- or 3- 
flowered, 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 3 
to 4 mm. long, strongly pubescent on 
the lower half of the keel and mar- 
ginal nerves and often slightly pubes- 
cent on the faint intermediate nerves. 
2 —Rocky slopes, Arctic regions 
south to the alpine summits of New 
Hampshire; Wisconsin; Minnesota; 
Colorado. Common in Greenland; 
Eurasia. 

48. Poa glaucantha Gaudin. (Fig. 
161, 8B.) Plants mostly glaucous, 
culms compressed, in tufts, usually 30 
to 70 cm. tall, leafy throughout; 
blades to 12 ecm. long; panicle 6 to 16 
em. long, loose, but branches mostly 
ascending; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long, 
3- to 6-flowered; lemmas pubescent 
on keel and lateral nerves, sometimes 
with an obscure web at base. 2 — 
Mountain meadows, slopes, and cliffs, 
Newfoundland to Quebec, Muinne- 
sota, Montana, and Wyoming; Eu- 
rope. Resembles both Poa nemoralis 
and P. interior, distinguished from 
both by the florets without web at 
base or with very obscure web, from 
P. nemoralis by the flat culms, and 
from P. interior by the more strongly 
keeled sheaths and larger spikelets. 
A variable and puzzling species, ap- 
parently intermediate between P. 
nemoralis and P. glauca. Poa scopu- 


Fiaure 162.—Poa fernaldiana. Panicle, X 13; floret, 
X 10. (Fernald, Maine.) 


129 


lorum Butters and Abbe is an unusu- 
ally slender lax form. 

49. Poa fernaldiana Nannf. (Fig. 
162.) Plants in loose lax bunches; 
culms weak and slender, 10 to 20 or 
sometimes 30 em. tall; ligule truncate, 
about 1 mm. long; blades mostly 
basal, lax, mostly about 1 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow but loose, few-flow- 
ered, 2 to 6 cm. long, the branches as- 
cending, naked below; spikelets 2- to 
4-flowered, about 5 mm. long; lem- 
mas 3 to 3.5 mm. long, densely villous 
on the lower half of the keel and 
marginal nerves, sometimes sparsely 
webbed at base. (Has been confused 
with P. lava Haenke, a European 
species.) 21 —Rocky slopes, New- 


foundland and Quebec to the alpine 
summits of Maine, New Hampshire, 
Vermont, and New York. Common on 
the upper cone of Mount Washing- 
ton. 


( 


\: i) 
\ Wiis 
WA \ 


Figure 163.—Poa pattersoni. Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Patterson 154, Colo.) 


50. Poa pattersoni Vasey. PaTrrr- 
SON BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 163.) Culms 
loosely tufted with numerous basal 
leaves, 10 to 20 cm. tall; blades usu- 
ally folded, rather lax, mostly less 
than 10 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, condensed, purplish, 


130 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(Swallen 1348, Colo.) 


Ficgur5 164.—Poa rupicola. 
Plant, <1; floret; < 10: 


1 to 4 em. long; spikelets 2- or 3-flow- 
ered, 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas about 
4mm. long, strongly pubescent on the 
keel and marginal nerves, short- 
pubescent on the internerves, some- 
times sparsely webbed at base. 2 
—Alpine regions, Montana to Oregon 
(Mount Hood), Colorado, and Utah. 

51. Pea rupicola Nash. TIMBER- 
LINE BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 164.) Culms 
densely tufted, erect, rather stiff, 
often scaberulous below the panicle, 
10 to 20 em. tall; blades short, 1 to 
1.5 mm. wide; panicle narrow, pur- 
plish, 2 to 4 cm. long, the short 
branches ascending or appressed; 
spikelets usually purple, about 3- 
flowered; lemmas villous below on 
keel and marginal nerves and some- 


Fiaure 165.—Poa involuta. Plant, X 1; floret, X 10.(Swallen 1110, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 131 


times pubescent on the internerves 

below. 2  —Rocky slopes, British 

Columbia, south in the mountains, at 

high altitudes, South Dakota (Black 

Hills) and Montana to Oregon 

(Mount Hood and Wallowa Moun- 

tains); New Mexico, and California 

(Mono Pass, Sheep Mountain). Small 

specimens of P. interior, which re- 

semble this, differ in having a small 
web at the base of the lemma. 

6. Epiles.—Perennials without rhi- 
zomes; lemmas not webbed at 
base, glabrous or scabrous (mi- 
nutely pubescent in P. unilat- 
eralis). 

52. Poa involita Hitche. (Fig. 165.) 
In dense pale tufts; culms slender, 
30 to 40 cm. tall; ligule very short; 
blades involute, slender, 15 to 25 
em. long, glabrous or slightly sca- 
brous; panicle open, 10 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches in pairs, few- 
flowered near the ends; spikelets 
mostly 3- or 4-flowered, 5 to 6 mm. 
long; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, sca- 
brous. 2 —Known only from the 


Chisos Mountains, Tex. 
53. Poa cusickii Vasey. Cusick 
(Fig. 166.) 


BLUEGRASS. Culms in 


Figure 166.—Poa cusickii. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 


(Howell 183, Oreg.) 


dense often large tufts, erect, 20 to 
60 cm. tall; ligule very short; blades 
filiform, erect, scabrous, mostly basal; 
panicle usually pale, tawny, or pur- 
ple-tinged, narrow, oblong, contracted 
or somewhat open at anthesis, 3 to 
8 em. long; spikelets 7 to 9 mm. 
long; lemmas 4.5 to 6 mm. long, 
smooth or scabrous. 2 —Dry or 
rocky slopes at medium and high 
altitudes, Alberta to British Colum- 
bia, south to North Dakota, Colorado, 
and the central Sierras of California. 
A form with elongate blades and 
laxer panicle has been differentiated 
as P. filifolia Vasey; Idaho and 
Washington. 


Figure 167.—Poa na- 
pensis. Floret, X 10. 
(Duplicate type.) 


Figure 168.—Poa unila- 
teralis. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Chase 
5653, Calif.) 


54. Poa napénsis Beetle. (Fig. 
167.) Resembling P. cusickiz; ligule 
about 1 mm. long, decurrent in young 
leaves; basal blades filiform, the 
culm blades 1.5 to 2.5 mm. wide; 
panicle as in P. cusickiz, the spikelets 
slightly smaller; glumes 3 and 3.5 
mm. long; lemmas about 4 mm. long, 
slightly to rather strongly scabrous. 
2% —Known only from Myrtledale 
Hot Springs, Napa County, Calif. 

55. Poa unilateralis Scribn. (Fig. 
168.) Culms in dense tufts, 10 to 40 
ecm. tall, sometimes decumbent at 
base; sheaths tawny, papery; blades 


132 


flat or folded, shorter than the culms; 
panicle oblong, dense and spikelike 
or somewhat interrupted below, 2 to 
6 cm. long; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. 
long; glumes broad, acute; lemmas 
3 to 4 mm. long, glabrous except for 
a few short hairs on the nerves below. 
2 (P. pachypholis Piper.)—Cliffs, 
bluffs, and rocky meadows near the 
seashore, Wash'ngton (Ilwaco), Ore- 
gon, and California (Humboldt Bay 
to Monterey). 


Ficure 169.—Poa epilis. 
Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Type.) 


56. Poa épilis Scribn. SKYLINE 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 169.) Culms com- 
pressed, erect in rather loose to dense 
tufts, 20 to 40 cm. tall; ligule about 
3 mm. long; blades of the culm about 
3, flat, 3 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. 
wide, of the innovations narrow, 
longer and usually folded or involute; 
panicle usually condensed, ovoid, 2 
to 6 em. long, long-exserted, usually 
purple, the lower branches naked 
below, ascending or appressed; spike- 
lets 3-flowered, about 5 mm. long; 
lemmas 4 to 5 or even 6 mm. long, 
glabrous or minutely scabrous. 2 
—Mountain meadows, mostly above 
timber line, Alberta to British Co- 
lumbia, south to Colorado and Cali- 
fornia. 

57. Poa vaseyéchloa Scribn. (Fig. 
170.) In small dense soft lax tufts; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


N 


Ss 
= 
12 


| 
ns, 
wn 
we 


Fiaure 170.—Poa vaseyochloa. Plant, X 1; floret, 

xX 10. (Type.) 
culms erect, 10 to 20 em. tall; ligule 
acute, about 3 mm. long; blades lax, 
mostly folded or involute, in a basal 
tuft, mostly less than 5 cm. long, 
with one or two short ones on the 
culm, narrow or filiform; panicle 
ovate, 2 to 4 cm. long, few-flowered, 
open, the slender branches spreading, 
bearing 1 or 2 spikelets; spikelets 
purple, 3- to 6-flowered; glumes 2 to 
3 mm. long, rather broad; lemmas 
smooth or minutely scabrous, 3 mm. 
long. 21 —Rocky slopes, Cascade 
Mountains of Washington and Ore- 
gon in the vicinity of Columbia River, 
and the Wallowa Mountains of Ore- 
gon. 

58. Poa pringlei Scribn. (Fig. 171.) 
Densely tufted; culms 10 to 20 cm. 
tall; lower sheaths loose, papery; 
blades mostly basal, involute, mostly 
2 to 5 em. long, sometimes longer, 
glabrous on the exposed surface, pu- 
berulent on inner surface; panicle 
narrow, condensed, usually pale or 
silvery, few- to several-flowered, 1 to 
5 em. long; spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, 
6 to 8 mm. long; glumes equal, broad, 
4 to 5 or rarely 7 mm. long; lemmas 
5 to 6, rarely to 8 mm. long, smooth 
or scabrous. 2 —Rocky alpine 
summits, Montana to Washington, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


south to Nevada (Mount Rose) and 
California. 


<> 


Zz 


<< 
—— 


—— 
== 

SSS 
SSS 


LL 
QA; 


BL 


EA 


Baz 


CLA 


Fiacure 171.—Poa pringleé. 
Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Henderson 3080, Idaho.) 


59. Poa lettermani Vasey. (Fig. 
172.) In low lax tufts; culms mostly 
less than 10 em. tall, usually scarcely 
exceeding the blades; ligule 1 to 2 
mm. long; blades lax, usually not 
more than 1 mm. wide; panicle nar- 
row, contracted, 1 to 3 cm. long; 
spikelets 3- or 4-flowered, 4 to 5 
mm. long; glumes equal, somewhat 


Fieaure 172.—Poa letter- 
mani. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Letterman, Colo.) 


133 


acuminate, about as long as the first 
and second florets; lemmas erose at 
summit, 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 2 
Rocky alpine summits, British Co- 
lumbia, Washington, Wyoming, and 
Colorado to California. 

60. Poa montevansi Kelso. (Fig. 
173.) Similar to P. lettermani, the 
culms (in type specimen) only 4.5 
cm. tall, differing chiefly in the spike- 
lets, with scabrous glumes and lem- 
mas, the lemmas more acute and 
scarcely erose. 2 —Known only 
from Mount Evans, 14,260 feet alti- 
tude, Colo. 


Figure 173.—Poa montevansi. Plant, X 1; spikelet 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


61. Poa leibérgii Scribn. Lrrpere 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 174.) Usually dense- 
ly tufted; culms 5 to 30 cm. tall, 
erect; ligule 1 to 2 mm. long; blades 


SS 


WSs 
\ 


( 


=f 
SS 


i —— 


iz 
<< 


W 


[ 


LS5 


—— 


EB 


= 


Fiqure 174.—Poa leibergii. Plant, X 1; floret, * 10 
(Type.) 


mostly basal, firm, involute, usually 
less than 10 cm. long; panicle narrow, 


134 


2 to 5 cm. long, often purple, the 
branches short, appressed or ascend- 
ing; spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, 4 to 
6 mm. long; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, 
smooth or scaberulous. 2 —AI- 
pine meadows and sterile gravelly 
alpine flats, Idaho, eastern Oregon, 
and the Sierras of California. 

7. Scabréllae.—Perennials, without 
rhizomes, tufted, with numerous 
basal leaves; spikelets little com- 
pressed, narrow, much _ longer 
than wide; lemmas convex, crisp- 
puberulent on the back towards 
the base, the keels obscure, the 
marginal and intermediate nerves 
usually faint. The whole group 
of Scabrellae is made up of 
closely related species which 
appear to intergrade. 

62. Poa scabréila (Thurb.) Benth. 
ex Vasey. PINE BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 
175.) Culms erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall, 
usually scabrous, at least below the 
panicle; sheaths scaberulous; ligule 
3 to 5 mm. long; blades mostly basal, 
1 to 2 mm. wide, lax, more or less 
scabrous; panicle narrow, usually con- 
tracted, sometimes rather open at 
base, 5 to 12 cm. long; spikelets 6 
to 10 mm. long; glumes 3 mm. long, 
scabrous; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, 
crisp-puberulent on the back toward 
base. 2  —Meadows, open woods, 
rocks, and hills, at low and medium 
altitudes, western Montana and Col- 
orado to Washington and California; 
Baja California. A form like P. scab- 
rella in other respects but with smooth 
lemmas has been differentiated as P. 
limosa Scribn. and Will.—California 
(Mono Lake and Truckee). 

63. Poa graciilima Vasey. PactFric 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 176.) Culms rather 
loosely tufted, 30 to 60 cm. tall, 
usually decumbent at base; ligule 2 
to 5 mm. long, shorter on the innova- 
tions; blades flat or folded, lax, from 
filiform to 1.5 mm. wide; panicle 
pyramidal, loose, rather open, 5 to 
10 cm. long, the branches in whorls, 
the lower in twos to sixes, spreading 
or sometimes reflexed, naked below; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long; second 
glume 3 to 4 mm. long; lemmas 
minutely scabrous, crisp-pubescent 
near base, especially on the nerves. 
21 —Cliffs and rocky slopes, AIl- 
berta to Alaska, south to Colorado 
and the southern Sierras of Cali- 
fornia. Poa tenerrima Scribn. is a 
form with open few-flowered panicles; 
southern Coast Ranges, California; 
P. multnomae Piper is a loose lax 
form in which the ligules on the 
innovations are short and truncate; 
wet cliffs, Multnomah Falls, Oreg. 

64. Poa seciinda Presl. SANDBERG 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 177.) Culms erect 
from a dense, often extensive, tuft of 
short basal foliage, commonly not 
more than 30 cm., but sometimes up 
to 60 cm. tall; ligule acute, rather 
prominent; blades rather short, soft, 
flat, folded, or involute; panicle nar- 
row, 2 to 10 cm. long, the branches 
short, appressed, or somewhat spread- 
ing in anthesis; spikelets about as - 
in P. gracillima. A (P. sandbergit 
Vasey.)—Plains, dry woods, rocky 
slopes, at medium and upper alti- 
tudes, but not strictly alpine, North 
Dakota to Yukon Territory, south 
to Nebraska, New Mexico, and 
southern California; Chile. 

65. Poa canbyi (Scribn.) Piper. 
CANBY BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 178.) Green 
or glaucous; culms 50 to 120 cm. tall; 
ligule 2 to 5 mm. long; blades flat 
or folded; panicle narrow, compact 
or rather loose, 10 to 15 ecm. long, 
sometimes as much as 20 cm., the 
branches short, appressed; spikelets 
3d- to 5-flowered; lemmas more or 
less crisp-pubescent on lower part of 
back. 2 (P. lucida Vasey; P. laevi- 
gata Scribn.)—Sandy or dry ground, 
Michigan (Isle Royale) and Minne- 
sota to Yukon Territory, south to 
Colorado and eastern Washington to 
northern California; Quebec. Poa 
lucida has a slender but somewhat 
loose pale or shining panicle; P. 
canbyi has a denser, compact, dull 
green panicle, but the two forms 
grade into each other. Poa lucida is 


135 


th : oS 
-- Spe Serasteasie iit aS ae 
Foe apn ee ements See SOEs 
Se ee et Serer SZ 
— - SSS FSG LLT 


yes 
~~ : z 
= SSSR SS SS 
SA) Ss SS SSS 
SSS SS 
aa — SO t ae 
= so 


pubescence on the 


emma may be obvious or obscure. 


Montana. The 


] 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 175.—Poa scabrella. Plant, X 144; spikelet, x 5; floret, X 10. (Chase 5697, Calif.) 


die 
In 


more common in Colorado and W 
ming; P. canbyt more common 


136 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 176.—Poa gracillima. Plant, X 
(Sandberg and Leiberg 747, Wash.) 


7. Nevadénses.—Perennials, without 
rhizomes, tufted; spikelets little 
compressed, narrow, much longer 
than wide; lemmas convex on the 
back, glabrous or minutely sca- 
brous, not crisp-puberulent; keels 
obscure, marginal and intermedi- 
ate nerves usually faint. 

66. Poa nevadénsis Vasey ex 
Scribn. NrevapA BLUEGRASS. (I'ig. 
179.) Culms erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths scabrous, sometimes only 
slightly so; ligule about 4 mm. long, 
shorter on the innovations, decur- 
rent; blades usually elongate, narrow, 
involute, sometimes almost capillary, 


rather stiff; panicle narrow, 10 to 15 
cm. long, pale, rather loose, the 
branches short-appressed ; spikelets 3- 
to 5-flowered, 6 to 8 mm. long; glumes 
narrow, the second about as long as 
the lowest floret; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. 
long, rather obtuse at the scarious tip. 
21 —Low meadows and wet places, 
Montana to eastern Washington and 
Yukon Territory, south to Colorado, 
Arizona, and the Sierras and San 
Bernardino Mountains, California; on 
wool waste in Maine (North Ber- 
wick). 


ail 


ae re Ene 


Pr igla YO 


— 
LEO 
LF 


Figure 177.—Poa secunda. Plant, 
X 1; floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 
23202, Wyo.) 


a Lam 5 Se = 
rae SS SSS: = =< 
nos + x + eae Sa Sus 


FiGureE 178.—Poa can- 
byi. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Williams 
2787, Wyo.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


67. Poa curtifélia Scribn. (Fig. 
180.) Culms several in a tuft from 
firm branched crowns, 10 to 20 cm. 
tall; ligule prominent, the uppermost 
as much as 5 mm. long; blades short, 
the lower 1.5 to 2 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. 
wide, the upper successively smaller, 
the uppermost near the panicle, much 
reduced; panicle narrow, 3 to 6 cm. 
long; spikelets about 3-flowered; 
glumes equal, 5 mm. long, the first 
acuminate, the second broad, rather 


X 10. (Duplicate type.) 


21 Known only from 
Washington. 


Se 


LEE P> 
Z 


FIGURE 179.—Poa nevadensts. Pan- 


Bros. 1548, Calif.) It floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 180.—Poa curtifolia. Panicle, X 1; floret, 


obtuse; lemmas 5 to 5.5 mm. long. 


| 
icle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Parish Figure 181.—Poa juncifolia. Panicle, X 1; 


138 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


68. Poa juncifélia Scribn. ALKALI 
BLUEGRASS. (Fig. 181.) Pale; culms 
erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall; ligules short, 
those of the innovations not visible 
from the sides; blades involute, 
smooth, rather stiff; panicle narrow, 
10 to 20 cm. long, the branches ap- 
pressed; spikelets 3- to 6-flowered, 7 
to 10 mm. long; glumes about equal; 
lemmas about 4 mm. long. 2 : 
brachyglossa Piper.)—Alkaline mead- 
ows, Montana to British Columbia, 
south to South Dakota, Colorado, and 
east of the Cascades to northeastern 
California. 

69. Poa 4ampla Merr. Bic BLUE- 
Grass. (Fig. 182.) Green or glaucous; 
culms 80 to 120 ecm. tall; sheaths 
smooth, rarely scaberulous; ligule 
short, rounded; blades 1 to 3 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, 10 to 15 cm. 
long, usually rather dense; spikelets 
4- to 7-flowered, 8 to 10 mm. long; 
lemmas 4 to 6 mm. long A — 
Meadows and moist open ground or 
dry or rocky slopes, North Dakota to 
Yukon Territory, south to Nebraska, 


13. BRIZA L. 


<= 


K—_ 
= 


FT 


— 


—~ x 


—_ 
— 
ee 
— 
SS 
= 
——== 


Le 


ZZ Za a 
ZZ. = Z 
LLL. 


c= 


G- 


+> 


=a 


LA 


\\ Wi 

ia! 
aN KAY 
) IN Wy 


Figure 182.—Poa ampla. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. 
(Crandall 205, Colo.) 


New Mexico, and California. The 
typical form is robust and more or 
less glaucous; this grades into a 
smaller green form, more common in 
the eastern part of the range (P. con- 
fusa Rydb.). Occasional specimens of 
the typical form have short rhizomes. 


QUAKING GRASS 


Spikelets several-flowered, broad, often cordate, the florets crowded and 
spreading horizontally, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes about equal, broad, papery-chartaceous, with 
scarious margins; lemmas papery, broad, with scarious spreading margins, 
cordate at base, several-nerved, the nerves often obscure, the apex in our 
species obtuse or acutish; palea much shorter than the lemma. Low annuals 
or perennials, with erect culms, flat blades, and usually open, showy panicles, 
the pedicels in our species capillary, allowing the spikelets to vibrate in the 
wind. Standard species, Briza media. Name from Greek, Briza, a kind of grain, 
from brizein, to nod. 

The three species found in this country are introduced from Europe. They 
are of no importance agriculturally except insofar as B. minor occasionally 
forms an appreciable part of the spring forage in some parts of California. 
B. maxima is sometimes cultivated for ornament, because of the large showy 
spikelets. 

Panicle droopins* spikelets 10 mm.’ wide: 22-2 ee ee 1 
Panicle erect; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. wide. 


Plants perennial; upper ligule 1 mm. long; spikelets about 5 mm. long.... 3. B. MEDIA. 
Plants annual; upper ligule 5 mm. or more long; spikelets about 3 mm. lene: 


B. MAXIMA. 


B. MINOR. 


1. Briza maxima L. Bia QUAKING 
Grass. (Fig. 183.) Annual; culms 
erect or decumbent at base, 30 to 60 
cm. tall; panicle drooping, few-flow- 
ered; spikelets ovate, 12 mm. long or © 


more, 10 mm. broad, the pedicels 
slender, drooping; glumes and lemmas 
usually purple- or brown-margined. 
—Sometimes cultivated for orna- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ment; sparingly escaped in California 
(Monterey County) and Texas. 

2. Briza minor L. LITTLE QUAKING 
crass. (Fig. 184.) Annual; culms 
erect, 10 to 40 cm. tall; ligule of the 
upper leaf 5 mm. long or more, acute; 
blades 2 to 10 mm. wide; panicle 5 


matia.) 


FicturRe 184.—Briza minor. 
Plant, X 4%; spikelet and 
fioret, X 5. (Hitchcock 2597, 
Calif.) 


YES ! Nas 
YX { io B 


Y 


\\ ahs) fe Uo 
% \ CS 
WW 


139 


Figure 183.—Briza maxima. X 14. (Baenitz, Dal- 


140 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


to 12 cm. long, the branches stiffly 
ascending, the spikelets pendent, tri- 
angular-ovate, 3- to 6-flowered, about 
3 mm. long. © —Introduced at 
several localities in the Eastern States 
from Canada to Florida, Arkansas, 
and Texas, becoming common on the 
Pacific coast, especially in California. 

3. Briza média L. (Fig. 185.) Per- 
ennial; culms 15 to 60 em. tall; ligule 
of the upper leaf about 1 mm. long, 
truncate; blades 2 to 5 mm. wide; 
panicle erect, 5 to 10 cm. long, the 
branches rather stiff, ascending, 
naked below; spikelets 5- to 12-flow- 
ered, orbicular, about 5 mm. long. 
2| —Fields and waste places, spar- 
ingly introduced, Ontario to Connec- 
ticut and Michigan. 


DESMAZERIA SICULA (Jacq.) Dum. Low 
annual; culms spreading with ascending 
ends; panicles simple, 3 to 5 cm. long, with 
large flat 2-ranked spikelets. © —Occa-  Fiaure 185.—Briza media. Panicle, X %. (Oakes, 
sionally cultivated for ornament. Europe. Mass.) 

(Name sometimes spelled Demazeria.) 


14. ERAGROSTIS Beauv. LoOVEGRASS 


Spikelets few- to many-flowered, the florets usually closely imbricate, the 
rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets, or con- 
tinuous, the lemmas deciduous, the paleas persistent; glumes somewhat 
unequal, shorter than the first lemma, acute or acuminate, l-nerved, or the 
second rarely 3-nerved; lemmas acute or acuminate, keeled or rounded on the 
back, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves sometimes obscure; palea usually about as 
long as the lemma, the keels sometimes ciliate. Annuals or perennials of 
various habit, the inflorescence an open or contracted panicle. Type species, 
Eragrostis eragrostis Beauv. (E. poaeoides). Name from the Greek eros, love, 
and agrostis, a kind of grass. 

Although the species are numerous, they in general appear to have little 
forage value. Eragrostis intermedia is said to furnish forage on the grazing 
lands of Arizona and New Mexico. Three introduced African species, £. 
curvula, E. lehmanniana, and E. chloromelas, show promise of being valuable 
in erosion control in the Southwest. 
la. Plants annual. 

2a. Plants creeping, rooting at the nodes, forming mats. 

Plants with perfect flowers; anthers 0.2 mm. long...................-.---- 11. KE. HYPNOIDES. 


Plants dioecious; anthers:2 mm, long. ee vere 10. E. REPTANS. 
2b. Plants often decumbent at base but not creeping and forming mats. 


3a. Palea prominently ciliate on the keels, the cilia usually as long as the width of the - 


lemma. 
Panicle interruptedly spikelike, rarely somewhat open; spikelets usually 3 to 4 mm. 
| Co) 0+ crea mec MP! AE oe A Ok eels Ee GUM NO oh Reo. foe 7. EH. CILIARIS. 


Panicle narrow but open, the pedicels ascending or spreading; spikelets 2 mm. long. 
8. E. AMABILIS. 
3b. Palea scabrous to short-ciliate. F 
4a. Panicle long, narrow, rather dense, tawny or stramineous; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. 
| (05 1} Renee nae PR a MANN Mes GeO ne msi Ue de tS oy eke 9. E. GLOMERATA. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 141 


4b. Panicle more or less open; spikelets usually more than 3 mm. long. 
Hav spikelets sessile or nearlyiso: 200 2. as seth 12. EH. sImpLex. 
5b. Spikelets pediceled. 
6a. Spikelets mostly less than 5-flowered; lemmas obscurely nerved, scarcely 
keeled. 
Panicles two-thirds the entire length of the plant or more, diffuse; pedicels 
more than 5 mm. long; culms erect, closely tufted... 14. E. CAPIrLuaRIs. 
Panicles less than half the entire length of the plant, oblong, open but scarcely 
diffuse; pedicels mostly less than 5 mm. long; culms spreading or de- 
cumbentiat bases 28. Seb Aviee Ae Acie eC, 15. EH. FRANKII. 
6b. Spikelets mostly more than 5-flowered. 
7a. Spikelets ovate to oblong, flat, the florets spreading, closely imbricate. 
13. E. UNIOLOIDES. 
7b. Spikelets oblong to linear, the florets appressed. 
8a. Plants with glandular depressions on the panicle branches, the keel of 
the lemmas, or on margins of blades or keel of sheaths. 
Spikelets 2.5 mm. wide; glands prominent on keel of lemmas. Anthers 
Or oetninee OM Pie Ue Meee ll oO 24. E. CILIANENSIS. 
Spikelets not more than 2 mm. wide, mostly less; glandular depressions 
mostly on panicle branches and leaves. 
Panicle narrow, rather dense....................------------- 23. E. LUTESCENS. 
Panicle open, at least one-fourth as wide as long. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 2 mm. wide, dark drab; panicle branches relatively 
stout andistifi. wine etki tty pio yit t tary 25. KE. POAEOIDES. 
Spikelets about 1 mm. wide, pale; panicle branches slender, spread- 
LVM! ee Sie FS a Ta ee debe oteistivis oS 17. KE. PERPLEXA. 
8b. Plants not glandular on the branches nor lemmas, sometimes glandular 
on the sheaths (1. neomexicana) and below the nodes (L. barrelierz). 
Spikelets about 1 mm. wide, linear, slender. 
Plant delicate; spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long; lemmas 1 to 1.5 mm. long. 
16. EH. pruosa. 
Plant rather stout; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long; lemmas about 2 mm. long. 
22. E. ORCUTTIANA. 
Spikelets 1.5 mm. wide or wider, ovate to linear. 
Panicle narrow, the branches ascending, spikelet-bearing nearly to 
base, few-flowered; spikelets linear, mostly 10- to 15-flowered. 
26. E. BARRELIERI. 
Panicle open, often diffuse. 
Spikelets linear, mostly 8- to 15-flowered, on slender spreading 
pedicels mostly longer than the spikelets.......... 29. E. ARIDA. 
Spikelets ovate to linear, if linear not on spreading pedicels. 
Spikelets linear at maturity, appressed along the primary panicle 

branches, these naked at the base for usually 5 to 10 mm. 

Lower lemmas 1.5 mm. long. 

Primary panicle branches simple or the lower with a branchlet 
bearing 2 or 3 spikelets; spikelets loosely imbricate or some- 
times not overlapping; plants slender, mostly less than 30 
cm. tall, the culms slender at base. Chiefly east of the 100th 
196he) KO U2) OM rik AME ep Pak RR cere Tae ete 18. E. PECTINACEA. 

Primary panicle branches usually bearing appressed branchlets 
with few to several spikelets, the spikelets thus appearing 
imbricate or crowded along the primary branches; plants 
more robust, mostly more than 30 cm. tall, the culms 
stouter at the base. Chiefly from Texas to southern Cali- 
TORMIAs aye wove te pabuelel elaviade, ube 19. KE. DIFFUSA. 

Spikelets ovate to ovate-oblong, rarely linear, if linear not ap- 
pressed along the primary panicle branches. 

Plants comparatively robust, usually more than 25 cm. tall. 
Texas to southern California. 

Panicle large, the branches many-flowered, ascending or 
drooping. Plant as much as 1 m. tall, with blades as much 
as 1 cm. wide, but often smaller. 

E. NEOMEXICANA. 

Panicle smaller and more open, the spreading branches few- 
flowered. Plant usually less than 30 cm. tall. 

28. KE. MEXICANA 


142 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Plants delicate, mostly less than 25 cm. tall; blades mostly not 
more than 2 mm. wide (see also E. fr ankii var. brevipes). 

Panicle lax, the branches usually naked at base; spikelets 

4 to (emm: longs: * et ee 20. E. TEPHROSANTHOS. 

Panicle rather stiff, the branches often floriferous nearly to 
the base; spikelets mostly not more than 3 mm. long. 

21. E. MULTICAULIS. 


1b. Plants perennial. 


9a. Panicle elongate, slender, dense: spikelikke!\2%34u <4. blac Gleoele sea teets. 6. E. spicata. 
9b. Panicle open or contracted, not spikelike. 
10a. Plants with stout scaly SphizOimesicc sss 8 dere oa oe 1. E. OBTUSIFLORA. 


10b. Plants without rhizomes. 
lla. Spikelets subsessile or nearly so, the lateral pedicels not more than 1 mm. long. 
Spikelets subsessile, distant along the few stout panicle branches. 
2. E. SESSILISPICA. 
Spikelets short-pediceled. 
Panicle large, becoming a tumbleweed, the axis and branches viscid. 
E. CURTIPEDICELLATA. 
Panicle narrow (sometimes open in L£. orylepis), not a tumbleweed nor viscid; 
keels of palea forming a thick white band; grain 1 to 1.2 mm. long. 
Lemmas 3 mm. long, somewhat abruptly narrowed to the acute apex; panicle 


usually red brown; anthers 0.2 to 0.3 mm. long............ 4. E. OXYLEPIS. 
Lemmas 3.5 mm. long, tapering to the acuminate apex; panicle pale or slightly 
pinkish; anthers 0.4 to 0.5 mm. long..................-...--.--- 5. E. BEYRICHII. 


11b. Spikelets with pedicels more than 1 mm. long (appressed along the branches in 
E. refracta; sometimes scarcely more than 1 mm. long in EF. chariis and E. 
bahiensis). Panicles large and open (sometimes condensed in E. bahiensis). 
12a. Nerves of lemma obscure; lemma rounded on back, sometimes slightly keeled 
toward apex. 
Axils of main panicle branches usually strongly pilose (rarely glabrous in £. 
intermedia). 
Sheaths pilose or hirsute (sometimes glabrous in EF. hirsuta). 
Culms mostly more than 50 em. tall; blades elongate, flat, not crowded at 


base.of culling: x3 7 Cine tates oy Gos a de 30. E. HIRSUTA. 
Culms mostly less than 50 em. tall; blades rather short and crowded at 
base:ofculint: 22. <2. Geet oA ea ee 32. E. TRICHOCOLEA. 


Sheaths glabrous or nearly so, except the pilose summit. 
Spikelets about 1 mm. wide, 3- to 7-flowered, 3 to 5 mm. long; lemmas 1.3 


COeb bam lon gee ae aay cick ed eee aaNet eee 31. E. LUGENS. 
Spikelets about 1.5 mm. wide; 3- to 8-flowered, 3 to 10 mm. long; lemmas 
1S to. 2 omnis lomo: soe Sele. tell re See ces eee races 35. E. INTERMEDIA. 


Axils of main panicle branches glabrous or the lower sparsely pilose. 
Pedicels bearing above the middle a glandular band or spot; axils glabrous. 
E. SWALLENI. 
Pedicels without glandular band; lower axils sparsely pilose to glabrous. 
Lemmasta bout: min Omg. oes he es ee eee 33. E. EROSA. 
Ibemmasca bout 2cmamy ss |on ps tet see ee ee 34. E. PALMERI. 
12b. Nerves of lemma evident, usually prominent; lemmas keeled. 
Spikelets approximate in a somewhat condensed panicle, or along the main 
branches of a somewhat spreading panicle; florets mostly 15 to 30. 
Panicle branches distant, glabrous or nearly so in the axils. 
Raleas readily deciduous: 2-2) = ees 45. E. CHARIIS. 
Paleas persistent: i22 eee a ee ee 46. E. BAHIENSIS. 
Panicle branches approximate, villous in the axils. Culms densely cespitose 
with arcuate blades attentuate to long filiform flexuous tips. 
47, E. CURVULA. 
Spikelets in an open panicle. 
Panicle longer than broad, the branches not horizontally spreading. 
Culms not more than 60 cm. tall. 
Spikelets 9- to 15-flowered; panicle less than one-third the entire length of 


culm, the branches not VISCIGC Oe Fs ee Pe 37. E. TRACYI. 
Spikelets 4- to 8-flower ed; panicle more than half the entire length of culm, 
The Dranches VISCIG = es eee ee 38. E. SILVEANA. 


Culms usually 1 m. or more tall. 
Spikelets mostly not more than 6-flowered, purplish. 
39. E. TRICHODES. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 143 


Spikelets mostly 8- to 15-flowered, stramineous to bronze. 


40. E. PILIFERA. 


Panicle at maturity about as broad as long. 


Panicle purple, the branches slender but rigid............ 41. 


E. SPECTABILIS. 


Panicle green to leaden, the branches capillary, fragile. 
Spikelets appressed and distant along the nearly simple panicle branches. 
44, 


Spikelets on long pedicels. 
Lemmas 2 mm. long........ 
Lemmas 3 mm. long........ 


\S 
LE 


——— 
EZ. 
RR SS 
— 


eee 


SS 


SS 


es 


JES 


Wg 


EE. REFRACTA. 


RL AERO CPR ERE SL aE 42. KE. ELLIOTTII, 
SN GUTS SMM AES ERS te Meee etn 43. E. acuta. 


Figure 186.—Eragrostis obtusiflora. Plant, X 14, two views of floret, X 10. (Toumey, Ariz.) 


Secrion 1. CaracuAstos Doell 


Rachilla of spikelets disarticulating 
between the florets at maturity. 

1. Eragrostis obtusiflora (Fourn.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 186.) Culms erect or as- 
cending, firm, wiry, 30 to 50 cm. tall, 
from stout creeping rhizomes with 
closely imbricate hard spiny-pointed 
scales; sheaths pubescent or pilose at 


the throat; blades firm, glaucous, flat, 
becoming involute at least toward the 
spiny-pointed tip, 5 to 10 cm. long, 2 
to 3mm. wide at base; panicle 5 to 15 
cm. long, the rigid simple branches 
ascending, loosely flowered, 5 to 8 
em. long; spikelets pale or purplish, 
6- to 12-flowered, 8 to 12 mm. long, 
the pedicels about 1 mm. long; 
glumes acute, 3 and 5 mm. long; lem- 


144 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


mas rounded on the back, rather 
loosely imbricate, obtuse, somewhat 
lacerate, about 4mm. long. 2 — 
Alkali soil, Arizona, New Mexico 
(Las Playas); Mexico. “This species 
is one of the most abundant grasses 
in the extreme alkaline portions of 
Sulphur Springs Valley, Arizona, 
where the large rootstocks in many 
places bind the shifting sands. It 
rarely flowers, and its superficial ap- 
pearance, without flowers, is much 


the throat; blades flat to rather 
loosely involute, 1 to 2 mm. wide; 
panicle loose, open, pilose in the 
axils, at first about half the entire 
length of the culm, elongating toward 
maturity, the axis curving or loosely 
spiral, as much as 40 cm. long, the 
distant branches stifly spreading, 5 
to 15 cm. long, floriferous to base, 
sometimes bearing below a few sec- 
ondary branches, the whole panicle 
finally breaking away and tumbling 


< 


LLL 
— 


SS 


yz 4 
SS 


<< 


Figure 187.—Eragrostis sessilispica. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Swallen 1791, Tex.) 


the same as our common salt grass 
(Distichlis spicata). It is a hard, rigid 
grass, but furnishes a large part of the 
forage of Sulphur Springs Valley, 
when other grasses are eaten off or are 
cut short by drought.’’—Toumey in 
letter. 

2. Eragrostis sessilispica Buckl. 
(Fig. 187.) Perennial; culms tufted, 
erect, 20 to 40 cm. tall, with 1 node 
above the basal cluster of leaves; 
Sheaths glabrous, strongly pilose at 


before the wind; spikelets distant, 
nearly sessile, appressed, linear, 5- to 
12-flowered, 8 to 12 mm. long; glumes 
acute, about 3 mm. long; lemmas 
loosely imbricate, acuminate, becom- 
ing somewhat indurate, 3 to 3.5 mm. 
long, the lateral nerves prominent; 
palea prominently bowed out below. 

2  (Acamptoclados — sessilispica 
Nash.)—Plains and sandy prairies, 
Kansas to Texas, New Mexico, and 
northern Mexico. 


— = 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


145 


3. Eragrostis curtipedicellata 
Buckl. (Fig. 188.) Perennial; culms 
tufted, erect, 20 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths 
pilose at the throat; blades flat or 
loosely involute, 1 to 3 mm. wide; 
panicle open, spreading, at first 15 to 
20 cm. long, the axis and branches 
viscid, rather sparingly pilose in the 
axils, finally elongating, breaking 
away and tumbling before the wind, 
the branches stiffly ascending or 
spreading; spikelets oblong or linear, 
short-pediceled, somewhat appressed 
on the primary and_ secondary 
branches, 6- to 12-flowered, 3 to 6 
mm. long; glumes about 1.5 mm. 
long; lemmas rather closely imbricate, 
oblong, acute, about 1.5 mm. long; 
palea ciliate on the keels, not bowed 
Out ora. mm: long... O) 
Plains, open woods, and dry slopes, 
Colorado and Kansas to Arkansas, 
Texas, and New Mexico. 

4. Eragrostis oxylépis  (Torr.) 
Torr. (Fig. 189.) Perennial; culms 
tufted, suberect, 20 to 70 cm. tall; 


Fiaure 188.—Eragrostis curtipedicellata. Panicle, & 1; floret, X 10. 


(Ball 898, Tex.) 


j 
\ 


ie 
Nj Si S, WS 
NRG 
\ 


p 


hy [peat 
VHZELS 
VS LAE 
Wi NA 
= ASS = 
A Wineey a =< 


SSS SAN = SS 
Sz S ih Ss 


i 
» RRS SX 
4: : 


> 
=. 


RR 
= SS 
‘ 


Fiaure 189.—LHragrostis orylepis. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
< 10. (Reverchon 3501A, Tex.) 


146 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


sheaths long-pilose at the throat, the 
foliage otherwise glabrous, the blades 
flat, more or less involute in drying, 1 
to 4, rarely to 5, mm. wide, tapering 
to a fine point; panicle 5 to 25 cm. 
long (mostly 10 to 15 em.) of several 
to numerous stiff, ascending or 
spreading densely flowered branches, 
approximate to distant, the spikelets 


mostly aggregate on very short 
branchlets; spikelets usually red 
brown, strongly compressed, sub- 


sessile, linear at maturity, mostly 10- 
to 40-flowered, 8 to 15 mm. long; 
lemmas closely imbricate, 3 mm. long, 
abruptly narrowed to an acute apex, 
the tip slightly spreading; palea 
bowed out below, the keels promi- 
nent; anthers 0.2 to 0.3 mm. long; 
grain 1 to 1.2 mm. long A — 
Sandy soil, northern Florida to Colo- 
rado, New Mexico, and California 
(San Diego); eastern Mexico to Vera 
Cruz. Has been confused with JL. 
secundiflora Presl, a rather rare spe- 
cies of Mexico, which it closely re- 
sembles, but the latter has less 
strongly compressed spikelets and 
grains only 0.4 to 0.6 mm. long. 

5. Eragrostis beyrichii J. G. Smith. 
(Fig. 190.) Resembling EF. oxylepis 
and possibly only a variety of that 
species; differing in the softer foliage 
and panicle, the plant on the average 
smaller, the panicle mostly smaller, 
pale or slightly pinkish; spikelets 
slightly larger; lemmas 3.5 to 4 mm. 
long (the lower shorter), less firm, 
tapering to an acuminate apex; palea 
broader, less bowed out; anthers 0.4 to 
0.5 mm. long, yellowish, grain 1 mm. 


long. 2 —Sandy soil, Texas and 
Oklahoma (Wichita Mountains); 
Mexico. 


6. Eragrostis spicata Vasey. (Fig. 
191.) Perennial; culms tufted, erect, 
about 1 m. tall; blades flat, elongate, 
more or less involute in drying, taper- 
ing to a slender point; panicle pale, 
slender, dense, spikelike, 10 to 30 cm. 
long, 3 to 4 mm. thick; spikelets 
strongly compressed, 2- or 3-flowered, 
2 mm. long, the somewhat pubescent 
pedicels less than 1 mm. long; glumes 


rather broad, obtuse, unequal, the 
second about 1 mm. long; lemmas 
about 2 mm. long, all rising to about 
the same height, the lateral pair of 
nerves faint. 2! —Dry ground, 
Laredo and Brownsville, Tex.; Baja 
California; Paraguay, Argentina. 


SS 
os 
<a 
SCN 


: PN VA JA i : 
SN . 
7 o 
=A V IZ a8 

Gri\7 2 
WHS 8 

Si 

SS) in 
AW ati, we 
RAY, , 


Sry 


® 


WME gh 
TRS ae f 
‘ S 


elation 
OD 


7. KET: 


—S 


FicureE 191.—Eragrostis 
spicata. Panicle, X 1; 
spikelet, X 10. (Swal- 
len 1086, Tex.) 


Figure 190.—Hragrostis 
beyrichii. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Tracy 
7924, Tex.) 


7. Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. 
(Fig. 192.) Annual; culms branching, 
erect to spreading, slender, wiry, 15 
to 30 em. tall; blades flat to sub- 
involute, mostly less than 10 cm. 
long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle often 
purplish, condensed, interruptedly 
spikelike, 3 to 10 em. long, sometimes 
looser with stiffly ascending short 
branches; spikelets 6- to 12-flowered, 
2 to 4 mm. long; glumes about 1 
mm. long; lemmas oblong, 1 to 1.5 
mm. long, obtuse, the midnerve 
slightly excurrent; keels of the pa- 
lea conspicuously stiffly long-ciliate, 
the hairs 0.5 to 0.7 mm. long; grain 
0.5 mm. long. © -—WSandy shores, 
rocky soil, and open ground, South 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


{ 
YY i 
4 
Va: 
SB 4 
RG] 
S ? i 


. che 
len, EAD 


ees 
aS tal 


Oe yt Mba Lt SOMA Rh. Tae Orhan 


<i 


er 


9 LO MIS EAE WTS Cae g 


147 


aes —e-* 


s 
a, 
Re 
Se \ 
he uy 
2 


APE 
etc 
ae 
ue 


SE ad Se Gen, 
: SRST 
ea 


Fiaure 192.—Eragrostis ciliaris. Plant, X 4%; spikelet, x 5; floret, X 10. (Nash 2104, Fla.) 


Carolina to Florida and Mississippi; 
Texas; New Jersey (ballast); West 
Indies and Mexico to Brazil and 
Peru; Africa; Asia. Specimens with 
laxer panicles of more spreading 
loosely flowered branches have been 
differentiated as E. ciliaris var. laxa 
Kuntze. 

8. Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight 
and Arn. ex Nees. (Fig. 193.) Annual, 
resembling EH. ciliaris; blades as 


much as 5 mm. wide; panicle oblong 
or oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 4 cm. wide, 
rather open; spikelets 4- to 8-fiowered, 
about 2 mm. long; glumes less than 
1 mm. long; lemmas ovate, obtuse, 
1 mm. long; keels of palea long- 
ciliate, the hairs about 0.38 mm. long. 
© (E. plumosa Link.)—Gardens and 
waste places, Georgia and Florida; 
Texas; tropical America; apparently 
introduced from the Old World. 


148 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


9. Eragrostis glomerata (Walt.) L. 
H. Dewey. (Fig. 194.) Annual; culms 
erect, 20 to 100 cm. tall, branching 
below, the branches erect; blades 
flat, 3 to 8 mm. wide, tapering to a 
fine point; panicle narrow, erect, 
densely flowered, somewhat inter- 
rupted, 5 to 50 cm. long, greenish or 
tawny, the branches ascending or 
appressed, floriferous to base, many- 
flowered; spikelets short-pediceled, 
mostly 6- to 8-flowered, 2 to 3 mm. 
long; glumes minute; lemmas very 
thin, about 1 mm. long; grain about 


Figure 193.—Eragrostis amabilis. Panicle, X 4; 
spikelet, X 10. (Meislahn 10, Fla.) 


0.3 to 0.4 mm. long. © (E. con- 
ferta Trin.)—Banks of ponds and 
streams, and low ground, South 
Carolina to Florida, Missouri, and 
eastern Texas, south through Mexico 
and the West Indies to Uruguay. 


SEcTION 2. PrerogssaA Doell 


Rachilla of spikelet continuous, not 
disarticulating at maturity; palea 
usually persistent for a short 
time after the fall of the lemma 
(sometimes falling with it in £. 
unioloides and E. chariis). 

10. Eragrostis réptans (Michx.) 
Nees. (Fig. 195.) Annual, dioecious; 
culms branching, creeping, rooting at 
the nodes, forming mats; blades flat, 
usually pubescent, mostly 1 to 3 cm. 
long; panicles numerous, ovoid, usual- 
ly rather dense or capitate, few- to 


Figure 194.—Eragrostis glomerata. Panicle, X 4; 
spikelet and floret, X 10. (Eggert, Ark.) 


several-flowered, rarely many-flow- 
ered, mostly 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets 
several- to many-flowered, linear, at 
length elongate and more or less 
curved; lemmas closely imbricate, 
often sparsely villous, acuminate, 
about 3 mm. long; palea of pistillate 
floret about half as long as the lemma, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 149 


Fiaure 195.—Eragrostis reptans. Pistillate (9) and staminate (<) plants, X 4%; floret, X 10. (Bush 1306 ( 2) 
and 1307 (<%), Tex.) 


Fiaurs 196.—Eragrostis hypnoides. Plant, X 1%; floret, X 10. (Mearns 741, Minn.) 


150 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 197.—Eragrostis simplex. Panicle, X 14; 


floret, X 10. (Curtiss, Fla.) 


Figure 198.—Eragrostis unioloides. Spikelet, X 10. 


(Curtiss 6898, Fla.) 


of the staminate floret as long as the 
lemma; grain ovoid, about 0.5 mm. 
long; anthers before dehiscing, 1.5 
to 2 mm. long. © (E. capitata 
Nash.)—River banks, sandy land, 
and open ground, Kentucky to South 
Dakota and Texas; Florida. 

11. Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) 
B.S. P. (Fig. 196.) Annual, branch- 
ing, creeping, and matlike as in the 
preceding; blades scabrous or pubes- 
cent on the upper surface; panicles 
elliptic, loosely few-flowered, 1 to 5 
cm. long, sometimes somewhat capi- 
tate; spikelets several- to many- 
flowered, linear, mostly 5 to 10 mm. 
long, sometimes as much as 2 cm. 
long in a dense cluster; flowers per- 
fect; lemmas glabrous, acute, 1.5 to 
2 mm. long; palea about half as 
long as the lemma; grain 0.5 mm. 
long; anthers about 0.2 mm. long. © 
—Sandy river banks and wet ground, 
Quebec to Washington, south through 
Mexico and the West Indies to 
Argentina; not found in the Rocky 
Mountains. 

12. Eragrostis simplex Scribn. (Fig. 
197.) Annual; culms spreading to 
suberect, 10 to 30 cm. tall; blades 
flat, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle narrow, 
5 to 20 em. long, the main axis often 
curved, the branches solitary, distant, 
ascending or spreading, sometimes 
reflexed, floriferous to base, short, 
with a few crowded spikelets or as 
much as 5 cm. long, with short 
branchlets; spikelets nearly sessile, 
linear, mostly 20- to 50-flowered, 5 
to 20 mm. long; lemmas closely 1m- 
bricate, ovate, acute, 1.5 to 2 mm. 
long, the lateral nerves near the 
margin; grain about 0.5 mm. long, 
anthers about 0.1 mm. long. © 
—Sandy woods, dooryards, and waste 
places, southern Georgia, Florida, 
and Alabama. 

13. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) 
Nees. (Fig. 198.) Annual; culms 
erect or ascending, 20 to 40 cm. tall; 
blades flat, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle 
elliptic, open, 10 to 15 cm. long, about 
half as wide, the branches ascending; 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


spikelets ovate-oblong, strongly com- 
pressed, truncate at base, obtuse, 15- 
to 30-flowered, 5 to 10 mm. long, 3 
mm. wide, often pink or purplish; 
lemmas closely imbricate, nearly hori- 
zontally spreading, strongly keeled, 
acute, 2 mm. long, the lateral nerves 
prominent; palea falling with the 
lemma or soon thereafter; grain about 
0.7 mm. long. © —Waste ground, 
Georgia and Florida; introduced from 
southern Asia. 


Figure 199.—Eragrostis capillaris. Panicle, X 1; 
fl D.C 


oret, X 10. (Dewey 35, D. C.) 


14. Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees. 
LacrcRass. (Fig. 199.) Annual; culms 
erect, 20 to 50 cm. tall, much- 
branched at base, the branches erect; 
sheaths pilose, at least on the margin, 
long-pilose at the throat; blades flat, 
erect, pilose on upper surface near 
the base, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
oblong or elliptic, open, diffuse, 
usually two-thirds the entire height 
of the plant, the branches and branch- 
lets capillary; spikelets long-pediceled, 
2- to 4-flowered, 2 to 3 mm. long; 


151 


glumes acute, 1 mm. long; lemmas 
acute, about 1.5 mm. long, obscurely 
nerved, rounded on the back, mi- 
nutely scabrous toward the tip; 
grain 0.5 mm. long, somewhat rough- 
ened. © -—Dry open ground, open 
woods, and fields, Maine to Wis- 
consin, south to Georgia, Kansas, 
and eastern Texas. 

15. Eragrostis frankii C. A. Meyer. 
(Fig. 200.) Resembling #. capillaris; 
culms usually lower, spreading to 
erect; sheaths glabrous except the 
pilose throat; blades glabrous; panicle 
less than half the entire height of the 
plant, open but not diffuse, mostly 
less than half as wide as long, the 
branches ascending, the shorter pedi- 
cels not much longer than the spike- 


Fiaure 200.—Lragrostis frankit. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Chase 2005, Ill.) 


lets; spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, 2 to 
3 mm. long. © —Sandbars, river 
banks, and moist open ground, New 
Hampshire to Minnesota, south to 
Florida and Oklahoma. KRAGROSTIS 
FRANKII var. BREVIPES Fassett. Spike- 
lets 5- to 7-flowered, 3 to 4 mm. 
long. © —Wisconsin (Glenhaven) 
and Illinois. 

16. Eragrostis pilésa (L.) Beauv. 
INDIA LOVEGRASS. (Fig. 201.) Weedy 
annual; culms slender, erect or as- 
cending from a decumbent base, 10 
to 50 em. tall; blades flat, 1 to 3 
mm. wide; panicle delicate, open, 
becoming somewhat diffuse, 5 to 20 
cm. long, the branches capillary, flexu- 
ous, ascending or spreading, finally 
somewhat implicate, the lower fas- 


152 
cicled, sparsely long-pilose in the 
axils; spikelets gray to nearly black, 
linear, scarcely compressed, 3- to 9- 
flowered, 3 to 5 mm. long, about 1 
mm. wide, the pedicels spreading, 
mostly longer than the spikelets; 
glumes acute, the first a little less 
than, the second a little more than, 
1 mm. long; lemmas loosely imbricate, 
the rachilla more or less exposed, 
rounded on the back, acute, 1.2 to 
1.5 mm. long, 0.56 mm. wide from 
keel to margin, the nerves obscure; 
grain 0.6 mm. long. © —Moist 
open ground and waste places, Maine 
to Colorado, south to Florida and 
Texas, south through Mexico and 
the West Indies to Argentina; Cali- 
fornia; introduced from Europe. 


Ficure 201.—Eragrostis pilosa. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
and palea, X 10. (Ruth 514, Tex.) 


17. Eragrostis perpléxa L. H. Har- 
vey. (Fig. 202.) Annual resembling 
E. pilosa, but mostly less slender; 20 
to 50 cm. tall, or in dry ground 12 to 
15 em. tall; blades mostly 3 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle less delicate than in £. 
pilosa and without hairs in the axils; 
culms below the nodes, keels of the 
sheaths, and panicle branches bearing 
small glandular depressions, these 
often obscure in immature plants. 
© —LhLow alkaline areas and buffalo 
wallows, North Dakota to Kansas; 
Texas; Colorado. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Eragrostis viréscens Pres]. Annual; 
culms slender, 50 to 60 cm. tall; 
blades 3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle open, 
about one third the entire height of 
the culm, the lower branches mostly 
solitary, the axils glabrous or nearly 
so; branchlets and spikelets some- 
what appressed along the primary 
branches; spikelets linear, mostly 7- 
to 9-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long, pale or 
greenish, about 1 mm. wide; lower 
lemmas scarcely 1.5 mm. long. © 
Adventive, Maryland; ballast, Apala- 
chicola, Fla.; Chile. Resembling LE. 
diffusa; spikelets smaller. 


FIGurRE 202.—Eragrostis perplera. Sheath, X 2; 


panicle, X 1. (Type.) 


18. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) 
Nees. (Fig. 203.) Resembling E. 
pilosa; panicles less delicate, the axils 
glabrous or obscurely pilose, the 
somewhat larger spikelets appressed 
along the branches and_ branchlets, 
often longer than the pedicels; spike- 
lets at maturity mostly linear, 5 to 8 
mm. long; lemmas 1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
long, the rachilla not or scarcely ex- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Dems; 


Ficure 203.—EHragrostis pectinacea. Panicle, 
floret, X 10. (V. H. Chase 84, Ill.) 


posed, the nerves evident; grain 0.8 
mm. long. © (EE. caroliniana 
(Spreng. ) Scribn.; EL. purshzi Schrad.) 
—Fields, waste places, open ground, 
moist places, Maine to Washington, 
south to Florida and Arizona, rare in 
the Western States. The name E. 
pectenacea has been misapplied to E. 
spectabilis. 

19. Eragrostis difffisa Buckl. (Fig. 
204.) More robust than E. pectinacea, 
usually 30 to 50 cm. tall, sometimes 
taller; panicle larger, the primary 
branches bearing appressed secondary 
branchlets with few to several spike- 


153 


lets, the main panicle branches thus 
more densely flowered. © —A 
common weed in fields and open 
ground, Wyoming, Idaho, Oklahoma, 
and Texas to Nevada and southern 
California; introduced occasionally in 
the Eastern States; Mexico. In some 
specimens the spikelets are ascending 
rather than appressed, thus making 
the panicle more open. 

20. Eragrostis tephrosanthos 
Schult. (Fig. 205.) Annual, rather 
soft and lax; culms branching at base, 
erect to decumbent-spreading, 5 to 20 
cm. tall, sometimes taller; blades flat, 
usually 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide; panicle open, mostly 4 to 10 
cm. long, about half as wide, the 
branches ascending or _ spreading, 
naked below, the spikelets appressed 
or ascending along the upper part, the 
lower axils pilose; spikelets 6- to 12- 
flowered, 4 to 7 mm. long, about 1.5 
mm. wide; glumes about 1 and 1.3 
mm. long; lemmas 1.5 to 2 mm. long, 
the lateral nerves distinct. © — 


Figure 205.—Eragrostis tephrosanthos. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Curtiss 5930, Fla.) 


Open ground, fields, and waste places, 
Florida to southern Texas and south 
through the lowland ‘Tropics to 
Brazil. 


154 

21. Eragrostis multicailis Steud. 
(Fig. 206.) Annual; resembling £. 
tephrosanthos, but the axils of the 
panicle glabrous; panicle branches 
spikelet-bearing nearly to base; spike- 
lets mostly 4- to 8-flowered, mostly 3 
to 4 mm. long. © (E. peregrina 
Wiegand.)—Waste places, Maine to 
Wisconsin, south to Pennsylvania and 
Virginia; ballast, Portland, Oreg.; in- 
troduced from Eurasia. 

22. Eragrostis orcuttiana Vasey. 
(Fig. 207.) Annual; culms ascending 
from a decumbent base, rather stout, 
60 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, 2 to 6 
mm. wide; panicle open, 15 to 30 cm. 
long, the branches, branchlets, and 
pedicels slender, spreading, fiexuous, 
finally implicate, the axils glabrous; 
spikelets linear, 6- to 10-flowered, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


sometimes a little faleate, 5 to 7 mm. 
long, about 1 mm. wide; second 
glume a little more than 1 mm. long; 
lemmas loosely imbricate (the rachilla 
often exposed), narrow, acutish, the 


xa; 


Figure 206.—Eragrostis multicaulis. Panicle, 
floret, X 10. (Hotchkiss 1708, N. Y.) 


Za 
¥xeSS- 


/ 6, 1 / 2s 
nN “a4 


Figure 207.—Eragrostis orcuttiana. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10- (Hitchcock 3063, Calif.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


lower 1.8 mm. long; grain 0.8 mm. 
long. © —Fields, waste places, 
and sandy river banks, Oregon (bal- 
last, Portland); Colorado to Arizona 
and California. 

23. Eragrostis lutéscens Scribn. 
(Fig. 208.) Annual; culms freely 
branching at base, erect or ascending, 
© to 20 cm. tall; sheaths and blades 
with numerous glandular depressions; 
blades flat; panicles numerous, nar- 
row, erect, pale or yellowish green, 2 
to 10 cm. long, the branches ascending 
or appressed, beset with glandular 
depressions; spikelets 6- to 10-flow- 
ered, 5 to 7 mm. long, compressed; 
glumes acute, 1.5 and 2 mm. long; 
lemmas about 2 mm. long, acute, the 
herves prominent; palea 1.5 mm. long. 
© -—Sandy shores, Idaho to Wash- 
ington, south to Colorado, Arizona, 
and California; Mexico. 

24. Eragrostis cilianénsis (All.) 
Lutati. Srmnxkerass. (Fig. 209.) 
Weedy annual with disagreeable odor 
When fresh; culms ascending or 
spreading, 10 to 50 cm. tall, with a 
ring of glands below the nodes; foliage 
sparsely beset with glandular depres- 
sions, the sheaths pilose at the throat; 
blades flat, 2 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
erect, dark gray green to tawny, usu- 
ally rather condensed, sometimes, es- 
pecially in the Southwest, open, 5 to 
20 cm. long, the branches ascending; 
spikelets oblong, compressed, 10- to 
40-flowered, 5 to 15 mm. long, 2.5 to 
o mm. wide; lemmas in side view 
ovate, acutish, about 2.5 mm. long, 1 
mm. wide from keel to margin, the 
keel scabrous toward apex and beset 
with a few glands, the lateral nerves 
prominent; palea about two-thirds as 
long as the lemma, minutely ciliate on 
the keels; grain ovoid, plump, 0.7 mm. 
long; anthers 0.56 mm. long. © (HE. 
major Host; EH. megastachya Link.)— 
Cultivated ground, fields, and waste 
places, Maine to Washington, south 
throughout the United States, spar- 
ingly in the Northwest, absent from 
the higher mountains; Mexico and 
West Indies, south to Argentina; in- 
troduced from the Old World. 


155 


Figure 208.—Eragrostis lutescens. Plant, X 1%; floret, 
xX 10. (Type.) 


25. Eragrostis poaeoides Beauv. ex 
Roem. and Schult. (Fig. 210.) An- 
nual; resembling E. cilianensis, 
mostly more slender; panicles rather 
more open, the spikelets smaller, 1.5 
to 2 mm. wide, the lemmas about 2 
mm. long, the glands sometimes ob- 
scure; anthers about 0.2 mm. long. 
© (EH. minor Host; H. eragrostis 
Beauv.)—Waste places, sparingly in- 
troduced from Europe, Maine to Wis- 
consin and Iowa, south to Georgia, 
Oklahoma, and Texas; California. 

26. Eragrostis barreliéri Daveau. 
(Fig. 211.) Annual; culms erect or de- 
cumbent at base, 20 to 50 cm. tall, 
branching at base, sometimes with a 
glandular band below the nodes; 
sheaths pilose at the summit; blades 
flat, rather short, 2 to 4 mm. wide; 
panicle erect, open but narrow, 8 to 
15 em. long, the branches ascending 
or stiffly spreading, few-flowered, 
spikelet-bearing nearly to base, the 


156 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 209,—Eragrostis cilianensis. Plant, X 4%; spikelet, X 5; floret, X 10. (Schuette 155, Wis.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


axils glabrous; spikelets linear, usu- 
ally 12- to 15-flowered, mostly about 
1 cm. long and 1.5 mm. wide; lemmas 
2 mm. long or slightly longer. © 
—Waste places, Colorado and Kansas 
to Texas and California; Mexico; in- 
troduced from southern Europe. 

27. Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey. 
(Fig. 212.) Annual; culms usually 
rather stout, often widely spreading, 
as much as 1 m. tall; sheaths gla- 


Figure 210.—Eragrostis poaeoides. Panicle, X 1 
floret, X 10. (Dutton 2235, Vt.) 


Figure 211.—FEragrostis barrelieri. Panicle, XX 1; 
floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 5280, Tex.) 


157 


brous, pilose at the throat, often with 
glandular depressions along the keel 
or nerves; blades flat, often elongate, 
5 to 10 mm. wide; panicle 20 to 40 
cm. long, smaller in depauperate 
specimens, open, the branches ascend- 


Fiagure 212.—EHragrostis neomexicana. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Type.) 


ing or spreading but not divaricate, 
the branchlets at first appressed along 
the main branches, finally usually 
spreading, the axils glabrous; spike- 
lets mostly dark grayish green, ovate 
to ovate-oblong, or rarely linear, 
mostly 8- to 12-flowered, 5 to 8 mm. 
long, about 2 mm. wide; lemmas 2 to 
2.3 mm. long. © —Fields, waste 
places, and wet ground, Texas to 
southern California, south through 
Mexico; introduced in Maryland, In- 
diana, Wisconsin, Iowa, North Da- 
kota, and Missouri. 


158 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGurRE 213.—Eragrostis mexicana. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Smith, N. Mex.) 


28. Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) 
Link. Mexican Lovecrass. (Fig. 
213.) Resembling EL. neomexicana, but 
lower, erect or spreading, often sim- 
ple; panicle erect, comparatively 
small and few-flowered, less com- 
pound, the branches and_ pedicels 
spreading; spikelets usually not more 
than 7-flowered. © —Open ground, 
Texas to California; Mexico. 

29. Eragrostis arida Hitche. (Fig. 
214.) Annual; culms branching at 
base, erect or more or less decumbent 
at base, 20 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths 
not glandular, the hairs at summit 
in a dense line part way along the 
collar; blades mostly flat, glabrous, 
tapering to a fine point, mostly 4 to 
8 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle 
mostly one-third to half the entire 
length of the plant, open, the branches, 
branchlets, and pedicels flexuous, 
spreading, the lower axils sparsely 
pilose, the branches solitary or the 
lower in pairs; spikelets oblong to 
linear, stramineous or drab, mostly 
8- to 15-flowered, 5 to 10 mm. long, 
1.5 to 2 mm. wide, somewhat com- 
pressed, the lateral pedicels 2 to 3 
mm. long; glumes acute, the first 
narrow, scarcely 1 mm. long, the 
second a little longer and _ wider; 
lemmas 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long, acutish. 
© —Dry soil, Missouri; Texas to 
California and central Mexico. 

30. Eragrostis hirstita (Michx.) 
Nees. (Fig. 215.) Perennial; culms 
erect, tufted, 50 to 120 cm. tall; 
sheaths hirsute to glabrous, pilose at 
the throat and especially along the 
collar at each side; blades flat, elon- 
gate, 5 to 10 mm. wide, becoming 


, 
a ol 
ZL 


>>> 


( 
SS 
SSN 
e 


> 


Figure 214.—Eragrostis arida. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
xX 10. (Type.) 


Figure 215.—Eragrostis hirsuta. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
xX 10. (Curtiss 3499, Fla.) 


more or less involute, tapering to a 
fine point, scabrous on the upper 
surface; panicle diffuse, more than 
half the entire height of the plant, 
pilose in the axils, branching 4 or 5 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 159 


\\\ \ | 


FLY NR 


IR, & Y 


Ficgure 216.—Eragrostis lugens. Plant, X 1; floret, X 10. (Reverchon 16, Tex.) 


Figure 217.—Eragrostis trichocolea. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 10. (Curtiss, Fla.) 


times; spikelets on long flexuous 
pedicels, ovate to ovate-oblong, 2- 
to 6-flowered (rarely to 8-flowered), 
3 to 4 mm. long; glumes acuminate, 
1.5 and 2 mm. long; lemmas rather 
turgid, 2 mm. long, acute, the nerves 
obscure; grain oblong, 1 mm. long, 
minutely striate and pitted. 2 — 
Dry soil, fields and open woods, 
Maryland to Oklahoma, south to 
Florida and eastern Texas; British 
Honduras; introduced in Maine and 
Massachusetts. Plants with glabrous 
sheaths have been segregated as LH. 
hirsuta var. laevivaginata Fern. 

31. Eragrostis lagens Nees. (Fig. 
216.) Perennial; culms tufted, rather 
wiry, sometimes geniculate below, 


sparingly branching; sheaths pilose 


in the throat, sometimes along the 
margin and on sides at summit; 
blades subinvolute, 10 to 25 cm. long, 
1.5 to 3 mm. wide, pilose on the upper 
surface toward base, rarely beneath; 
panicle rather diffuse, 15 to 30 cm. 
long, about two-thirds as wide, the 
axis and ascending to spreading 
branches capillary, flexuous, the lower 
branches in pairs or verticils, the 
axils, except upper, conspicuously long 
pilose; spikelets on long pedicels, 
mostly glossy drab, 3- to 7-flowered, 
3 to 5 mm. long, | to 1.2 mm. wide; 


glumes thin, 0.7 and 1.2 mm. long, 
falling early; lemmas closely im- 
bricate, 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long, ab- 
ruptly acute; grain about 0.7 mm. 
long. 2 —Dry prairie, Florida, 
Louisiana, and Texas; also on ballast, 
Mobile, Ala.; Mexico and Venezuela 
to Argentina. 

32. Eragrostis trichocdlea Hack. 
and Arech. (Fig. 217.) Perennial; 
culms erect, 30 to 60 cm. tall, the 
leaves rather short, mostly crowded 
at the base; sheaths, at least the 
lower, spreading, pilose; blades spread- 
ing, flat or, especially on the innova- 
tions, involute, mostly 8 to 12 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, pilose; panicle 
diffuse, 15 to 20 cm. long, nearly or 
quite as wide, the branches stiffly 
and widely spreading, pilose in the 
axils; pedicels 2 or 3 times as long 
as the spikelets; spikelets 3- to 5- 
flowered, 3 to 4 mm. long, about 1.5 
mm. wide; glumes 1 to 1.2 and 1.3 to 
1.5 mm. long; lemmas about 1.5 mm. 
long. 2 —Sandy woods, Florida 
(Tampa, Lakeland) and Texas; Mexi- 
co to Uruguay. 

33. Eragrostis erésa Scribn. (Fig. 
218.) Perennial; culms tufted, erect, 
50 to 90 em. tall; blades mostly in- 
volute; panicle diffuse, less than half 
the entire height of the plant, usually 
about one-third, mostly more than 
half as wide as long, branching 2 or 
3 times, sparsely pilose or glabrous 
in the axils; spikelets mostly 8- to 
9-flowered, 5 to 10 mm. long, 1.8 to 
2 mm. wide; lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. 
long, hyaline-margined toward sum- 
mit, the tip erose. 2 —Rocky 


160 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FicurE 218.—Eragrostis erosa. Panicle, X 1 (Skehan 58, N. Mex.); floret, X 10. (Type.) 


hills, western Texas to New Mexico 
and northern Mexico. 

34. Eragrostis palméri S. Wats. 
(Fig. 219.) Perennial; culms tufted, 
erect, about 70 cm. tall; blades in- 
volute, elongate, erect; panicle open, 
oblong, 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 7 
cm. wide, glabrous in the axils; 
spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long, mostly 7- 
to 9-flowered, brownish; first glume 
about 1 mm. long; second glume 1.5 
to 2 mm. long; lemmas rounded on 
the back, bronze-tipped, about 2 mm. 
long. 2 —Alkaline banks, Texas; 
Mexico (Juarez, Coahuila). Differs 
from £H. erosa in the oblong panicle 
and smaller spikelets and lemmas. 

35. Eragrostis intermédia Hitchc. 
PLAINS LOVEGRASS. (Fig. 220.) Per- 
ennial; culms erect, tufted, mostly 
40 to 80 em. tall; sheaths glabrous or 
the lowermost sparsely pilose, con- 
spicuously pilose at the throat, the 
hairs extending in a line across the 
collar; blades flat to subinvolute, 
pilose on the upper surface near the 
base, otherwise glabrous or with a 
few scattered hairs, 10 to 25 cm. 
long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle erect, 
open, often diffuse, 15 to 35 cm. 


Figure 219.—Eragrostis palmeri. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Silveus 851, Tex.) 


long, at maturity mostly about three- 
fourths as wide, the axils pilose, 
sometimes sparsely so or rarely gla- 
brous, the branches slender but rather 
stiff, the lower in pairs or verticils, 
all spreading, often horizontal; spike- 
lets usually 3- to 8-flowered, 3 to 10 
mm. long, about 1.5 mm. wide, 
grayish or brownish green, the pedicels 
somewhat flexuous, 1 to 3 times as 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


long as the spikelet; glumes acute, 
1 to 1.2 and 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long; 
lemmas turgid, obscurely nerved, 1.8 
to 2 mm. long, usually bronze-tipped, 
not hyaline-margined; grain oblong, 
about 0.7 mm. long. 2 —Dry or 
sandy prairies, Georgia; Louisiana 
and Missouri to Arizona and south 


SY’ 


FO 


161 


obscure glandular band below the 
nodes; sheaths sparingly pilose at the 
throat; blades involute, glabrous, 
arching-recurved, 10 to 30 cm. long; 
panicle erect, open, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
the branches ascending or spreading, 
glabrous, stiffly flexuous; spikelets 
oblong to linear, stramineous or 


Figure 221.—Eragrostis swalleni. Plant and panicle, X 1; floret and glandular band, X 10. (Type.) 


to Central America. A few specimens 
from New Mexico have long spike- 
lets (as much as 13-flowered) and 
glabrous axils. 

36. Eragrostis swalléni Hitchc. 
(Fig. 221.) Perennial; culms in dense 
tufts, erect, 20 to 50 cm. tall, an 


grayish green, 7 to 10 mm. long, 
about 2 mm. wide, mostly 8- to 12- 
flowered, the slender pedicels bearing 
above the middle a glandular band 
or spot; glumes acutish, rather broad, 
about 1.2 and 1.8 mm. long; lemmas 
rather closely imbricate, acutish, 


162 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


about 2 mm. long; palea minutely 
scabrous on the keels; grain nearly 
smooth, slightly narrowed toward the 
summit, 1 mm. long. 2 —Sandy 
prairies, southern Texas; northern 
Mexico. 


>> 
Saaz 


37. Eragrostis tracyi Hitche. (Fig. 
222.) Apparently perennial; culms 
erect, tufted, 30 to 80 cm. tall; 
sheaths rather sparsely pilose at the 
throat; blades flat or, especially of 
the innovations, involute, 5 to 25 


Ficure 223.—Eragrostis silveana. Panicle, X 1; spikelet, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


em. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
erect, open, 10 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 
8 em. wide, the axils glabrous or 
nearly so, the branches ascending to 
spreading, flexuous; spikelets linear, 
mostly 9- to 15-flowered, 5 to 10 mm. 
long, about 1.5 mm. wide, pinkish 
or purplish, the flexuous pedicels 
spreading, 2 to 5 mm. long; glumes 
acutish, about 1 mm. and 1.5 mm. 
long; lemmas 1.5 to 2 mm. long, 
rather soft, loosely imbricate, the 
lateral nerves distinct; palea some- 
what persistent; grain about 0.7 mm. 
long. 2 —Sandy soil, known only 
from Sanibel Island, Fla. 


163 


39. Eragrostis trichéddes (Nutt.) 
Wood. (Fig. 224.) Perennial; culms 
tufted, erect, 60 to 120 cm. tall; 
sheaths pilose at the summit, some- 
times on the upper half; blades flat 
to subinvolute, elongate, 2 to 6 mm. 
wide, tapering to a slender point, 
scabrous on the upper surface; panicle 
usually purplish, diffuse, oblong, us- 
ually about half the entire height of 
the culm, branching 3 or 4 times, the 
branches capillary, loosely ascending, 
sparsely pilose in the axils; spikelets 
long-pediceled, lanceolate to ovate- 
oblong, mostly 4- to 6-flowered, 4 to 
7 mm. long; glumes acuminate, nearly 


Figure 224.—Eragrostis trichodes. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Reverchon, Tex.) 


38. Eragrostis silveana Swallen. 
(Fig. 223.) Perennial; culms densely 
tufted, erect from a knotty base, 
40 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; 
blades flat or loosely involute in 
drying, elongate, 3 mm. wide, at- 
tenuate to a fine point, glabrous; 
panicle 25 to 35 cm. long, 10 to 15 
cm. wide, the viscid scabrous branches 
stiffly ascending or spreading, naked 
at base, sparsely pilose in the axils; 
spikelets purplish, 4- to 8-flowered, 
2.5 to 4 mm. long, the ultimate 
pedicels short, usually appressed; 
glumes about 1 mm. long; lemmas 
acute, about 1.38 mm. long, the lat- 
eral nerves prominent. 2 —Open 
ground, southern Texas. 


equal, 2.5 to 3 mm. long, about as 
long as the first floret; lemmas 2.5 to 
3 mm. long, acute, subcompressed, 
the keel and lateral nerves strong; 
grain 1 mm. long, minutely pitted; 
anthers a little more than 1 mm. 
long. 2 —Sand barrens and open 
sandy woods, Illinois to Colorado and 
Texas. 

40. Eragrostis pilifera Scheele. 
(Fig. 225.) Resembling E. trichodes, 
often in smaller tufts and taller; pan- 
icle stramineous or golden bronze; 
spikelets linear, 8- to 15-flowered, 8 to 
12 mm. long; glumes and lemmas 
about 8 mm. long. 2 (KH. grandi- 
flora Smith and Bush.)—Sand hills 


164 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and sand barrens, Illinois and Ne- 
braska to Louisiana and Texas. 

41. Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) 
Steud. PURPLE LoVEGRAsS. (Fig. 226.) 
Perennial, in dense tufts, rarely pro- 
ducing short or slender rhizomes; 
culms stiffly erect to spreading, 20 to 
60 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or pilose, 
conspicuously hairy at the throat; 
blades flat or folded, rather firm, 
stifty ascending, tapering to a fine 
point, glabrous or rarely pilose, 
mostly 3 to 8 mm. wide; panicle at 
first included at base, two thirds the 


REEF 
(JZ ; 
EEE. 
SSE 
FF — 
Ze 


Sandy soil, Maine to Minnesota, 


south to Florida and Arizona; Mexico - 


(San Luis Potosi). This species was 
formerly generally called E. pectin- 
acea. 

42. Eragrostis ellidttii S. Wats. 
(Fig. 227.) Perennial; culms tufted. 
stiffly erect or spreading, 40 to 80 cm. 
tall; sheaths glabrous, pilose at the 
throat; blades flat, elongate, scabrous 
on the upper surface, 2 to 4mm. wide; 
panicle diffuse, fragile, usually more 
than half the entire height of the 
plant, branching 3 or 4 times, the 


Figure 225.—Eragrostis pilifera. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Rydberg 1831, Nebr.) 


entire height of the culm, diffuse, 
bright purple, rarely pale, branching 3 
or 4 times, the axis stiff, the branches 
stiffly spreading toward maturity, 
rarely pilose, strongly pilose in the 
axils, the lower shorter than the mid- 
dle ones, finally reflexed, the whole 
panicle finally breaking away and 
tumbling before the wind; spikelets 
long-pediceled, short-pediceled toward 
the ends of the branches, oblong to 
linear, 6- to 12-flowered, 4 to 8 mm. 
long; glumes acute, a little more than 
1 mm. long; lemmas acute, about 1.5 
mm. long, slightly scabrous toward 
the tip, the lateral nerves prominent 
toward the base; palea somewhat 
bowed out, exposing the rather promi- 
nently short-ciliate keels; grain oval, 
dark-brown, 0.6 mm. long. 2 — 


branches capillary, spreading; spike- 
lets on long capillary spreading ped- 
icels, linear, mostly 8- to 15-flowered, 
5 to 12 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide, 
pale or gray; glumes acute, 1 and 1.5 
mm. long; lemmas closely imbricate, 
acute, about 2 mm. long, bowed out 
below, fitting into the angles of the 
zigzag rachilla; grain oval, 0.7 mm. 
long. 2 M—Low ground, wet mead- 
ows, and low pine woods, Coastal 


Plain, North Carolina to Florida and © 


eastern Texas; West Indies and east- 
ern Mexico. 

43. Eragrostis actita Hitche. (Fig. 
228.) Perennial; culms erect, 40 to 60 
em. tall; sheaths glabrous, pilose at 
the throat; blades flat, becoming 
more or less involute, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle diffuse, more than half 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 165 


Ficure 226.—Eragrostis spectabilis. Plant, X 14; spikelet, X 5; floret, & 10. (Hitchcock 7849, Md.) 


166 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 227.—Eragrostis elliottit. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Tracy 7384, Fla.) 


SS] 


FIGURE 228.—Eragrostis acuta. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Type.) 


the entire height of the plant, branch- 
ing 3 or 4 times, the branches less 
fragile than in LE. elliotti7; spikelets on 
long spreading pedicels, oblong-ellip- 
tic, 10- to 20-flowered, 8 to 14 mm. 
long, 3 mm. wide, pale or stramine- 
ous; glumes acuminate, 2.5 and 3 mm. 


long; lemmas acuminate, 3 mm. long; 
grain 0.8 mm. long. 2 —Low pine 
woods and moist sandy soil, penin- 
sular Florida. 

44, Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 229.) Resembling #. 
elliottii; blades more or less pilose on 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 167 


X 1; floret, X 10. (Kearney 1922, N. C.) 


FieureE 230.—A, Eragrostis bahiensis. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 19862, La.) B, E. chartis, X 10. 
(Weatherwax 822, Fla.) 


the upper surface near base; lower 
panicle branches usually finally re- 
flexed, long-pilose in the axils; spike- 
lets short-pediceled, appressed and 
distant along the nearly simple pan- 
icle branches, the lemmas on the aver- 
age shorter than in E. elliottiz. 
—Low sandy soil, Coastal Plain, 


Delaware to Florida, Arkansas, and 


eastern Texas. 

45. Eragrostis chariis (Schult.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 230, 8B.) Perennial; 
culms erect or ascending at base, 60 
to 120 cm. tall; panicle open, 7 to 15 
cm. long, nodding, the branches gla- 


brous or with a few hairs in the axils, 


168 


ascending, solitary, rather distant, 
naked below, rather closely flowered 
with ascending or appressed branch- 
lets; spikelets linear, 5 to 10 mm. long, 
8- to 20-flowered; glumes about 1.3 
and 1.7 mm. long; lemmas 1.5 to 2 
mm. long, imbricate; palea persistent 
only a short time after the fall of the 
lemma, the naked rachilla persisting. 
2 —Sandy roadsides, Florida (St. 
Petersburg); introduced from south- 
eastern Asia. 

46. Eragrostis bahiénsis Schrad. 
(Fig. 230, A.) Resembling EF. chariis; 
panicle often more or less condensed; 
spikelets as much as 30-flowered; lem- 
mas about 2 mm. long; palea per- 
sistent. 2 —Introduced, Florida 
(Milton, Pensacola), Alabama (Mo- 
bile), and Louisiana (Avery Island); 
Brazil. 


hh) Vi | 
i WAAAY 


Ficure 231.—Eragrostis curvula. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Silveus 2156, cult., Tex.) 


47. Eragrostis cirvula (Schrad.) 
Nees. WEEPING LOVEGRASS. (Fig. 
231.) ‘Culms 60 to 120\sem..“ tall, 
densely tufted, erect, simple or some- 
times branching at the lower nodes; 
sheaths narrow, keeled, glabrous or 
sparsely hispid, the lower densely 
hairy toward the base; blades elon- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


gate, involute, attenuate to a fine 
point, arcuate spreading, scabrous; 
panicles 20 to 30 cm. long, the 
branches solitary or in pairs, ascend- 
ing, naked at the base, at least the 
lower densely pilose in the axils; 
spikelets 7- to 11-flowered, 8 to 10 
mm. long, gray green; lemmas about 
2.5 mm. long, obtuse or subacute, the 
nerves prominent. 1 - —Culti- 
vated for ornament; spontaneous in 
Florida, Texas, and Arizona. Useful 
in erosion control and showing prom- 
ise of being valuable in revegetation 
of grasslands in the Southern States. 

Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees. 
LEHMANN LOVEGRASS. Perennial; 
culms finally prostrate, 30 to 80 cm. 
long, the nodes rooting and producing 
tufts of branches; panicles 10 to 15 
em. long, open; spikelets linear, 10 to 
{2 mm? dong... 2)... —tntroduced 
from Africa, drought-resistant and 
proving effective in erosion control, 
Texas, Oklahoma, and Arizona (well 
established near Tucson). 

Eragrostis stenophylla Hochst. 
Erect smooth annual, 30 to 40 cm. 
tall, with loosely involute blades and 
rather loose panicle with ascending 
branches, the linear spikelets several- 
flowered, the lemmas 1.3 mm. long. 
©  —Florida, Mississippi (Biloxi), 
probably escaped from grass garden; 
India. 

Eragrostis cyperoides (Thunb.) 
Beauv. Stiff stout stoloniferous peren- 
nial with sharp-pointed blades and 
narrow elongate interrupted panicles, 
the distant branches with naked 
thornlike tips; spikelets coriaceous, 
crowded. 2 —Oregon (Linnton), 
on ballast; South Africa. 


ERAGROSTIS TEF (Zuccagni) Trotter. TEFF. 
Annual; culms branching and spreading, 30 
to 100 em. tall; panicle large and open; spike- 
lets 5- to 9-flowered, 6to 8 mm. long. © 
(EL. abyssinica (Jaeq.) Link.)—Occasionally 
cultivated for ornament. Africa, where the 
seed is used for food. 

ERaAGROSTIS optTUSA Munro. Low branch- 
ing perennial; panicles open, 5 to 10 cm. 
long; spikelets gray olivaceous, broadly 
ovate, the lemmas almost horizontally 
spreading. 2  —Occasionally cultivated 
for ornament. South Africa. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 169 


ERAGROSTIS CHLOROMELAS Steud. BorEr 
LOVEGRASS. Erect branching perennial, 40 
to 90 cm. tall, forming dense clumps; blades 
elongate, subinvolute; panicle 10 to 20 cm. 
long, loose; spikelets dark olivaceous. 2 
—Introduced from Africa, drought-resistant 
and promising in erosion control in the 
Southwest. 


' 15. CATABROSA Beauv. 


Spikelets mostly 2-flowered, the 
florets rather distant, the rachilla dis- 
articulating above the glumes and be- 
tween the florets; glumes unequal, 
shorter than the lower floret, flat, 
nerveless, irregularly toothed at the 
broad truncate apex; lemmas broad, 
prominently 3-nerved, the nerves 
parallel, the broad apex scarious; 
palea about as long as the lemma, 
broad, scarious at apex. Aquatic per- 
ennials, with creeping bases, flat soft 
blades, and open panicles. Type spe- 
cies, Catabrosa aquatica. Name from 
Greek katabrosis, an eating up or de- 
vouring, referring to the toothed or 
erose glumes. 

1. Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv. 
Brooxerass (Fig. 232.) Glabrous 
throughout; culms 10 to 40 cm. long; 


Figure 232.—Catabrosa aquatica. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Williams and Fernald, Quebec.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


170 


Figure 233.—Molinia caerulea. Plant, X 1%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Kirk 157, Vt.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 171 


blades mostly less than 10 cm. long, 2 
to 8 mm. wide; panicle erect, 10 to 20 
em. long, oblong or pyramidal, yellow 
to brown, the branches spreading in 
somewhat distant whorls; spikelets 
short-pediceled, about 3 mm. long; 
glumes about 1.5 and 2 mm. long; 
lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 2 
—Mountain meadows, around springs 
and along streams, Newfoundland 
and Labrador to Alberta, south 
through Wisconsin, North Dakota, 
South Dakota, and eastern Oregon to 
northern Arizona; Eurasia. Some- 
times 1-flowered spikelets occur in 
panicles with 2-flowered ones. 


Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) 
Richt. Low annual; blades flat; pan- 
icle few-flowered; spikelets on short 
pedicels, finally divergent on the zig- 
zag branches. © -—WSan Bernardino 
Mountains, Calif.; introduced from 
the Mediterranean region. 


16. MOLINIA Schrank 


Spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, the flor- 
ets distant, the rachilla disarticulat- 
ing above the glumes, slender, pro- 
longed beyond the upper floret and 
bearing a rudimentary floret; glumes 
somewhat unequal, acute, shorter 
than the first lemma, 1-nerved; lem- 
mas membranaceous, narrowed to an 
obtuse point, 3-nerved; palea bowed 
out below, equaling or slightly exceed- 
ing the lemma. Slender tufted peren- 
nials, with flat blades and narrow, 
rather open panicles. Type species, 
Molinia caerulea. Named for J. I 
Molina. 

1. Molinia caerfilea (L.) Moench. 
(Fig. 233.) Culms erect, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades 2 to 7 mm. wide, erect, 
tapering to a fine point; panicle 10 to 
20 cm. long, purplish, the branches 
ascending, rather densely flowered, 
mostly floriferous to the base; spike- 
lets short-pediceled, 4 to 7 mm. long; 
lemmas about 3 mm. long. 2% — 
Meadows and fields, introduced in a 
few localities, Maine to Pennsylvania; 
Eurasia. 


17. DIARRHENA Beauv 
(Diarina Raf.) 


Spikelets few-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes unequal, 
acute, shorter than the lemmas, the 
first l-nerved, the second 3- to 5- 
nerved; lemmas chartaceous, pointed, 
3-nerved, the nerves converging in the 
point, the upper floret reduced; palea 
chartaceous, obtuse, at maturity the 
lemma and palea widely spread by the 
large turgid beaked caryopsis with 
hard shining pericarp; stamens 2 or 3. 
Perennials, with slender rhizomes, 
broadly linear, flat blades, long- 
tapering below, and narrow, few- 
flowered panicles. Type species, Diar- 
rhena americana. Name from Greek 
dis, twice, and arren, male, alluding to 
the two stamens. 

1. Diarrhena americana Beauv. 
(Fig. 234.) Culms slender, about 1 
m.tall, arched-l eaning, leaves approx- 
imate below the middle of the culm; 
sheaths pubescent toward the sum- 
mit; blades elongate, 1 to 2 cm. wide, 
scabrous to pubescent beneath; pan- 
icle long-exserted, drooping, 10 to 
30 cm. long, the branches few, ap- 
pressed, the lower distant; spikelets 
10 to 18 mm. long, at first narrow, 
the florets expanded at maturity; 
lemmas’’6 to 10 mm. long.: 2 
(Diarina festucoides Raf.)—Rich or 
moist woods, Virginia to Michigan 
and South Dakota, south to Ten- 
nessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and 
eastern ‘Texas. 


18. DISSANTHELIUM Trin. 


Spikelets mostly 2-flowered, the 
rachilla slender, disarticulating above 
the glumes and between the florets; 
glumes firm, nearly equal, acuminate, 
much longer than the lower floret, 
mostly exceeding all the florets, the 
first l-nerved, the second 3-nerved; 
lemmas strongly compressed, oval or 
elliptic, acute, 3-nerved, the lateral 
nerves near the margin; palea some- 


172 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGuRE 234.—Diarrhena americana. Plant, X \; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Wilcox 66, Il.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


what shorter than the lemma. An- 
nuals or perennials with narrow pan- 
icles. Type species, Dzssanthelioum 
supinum Trin. Name from Greek, 
dissos, double, and anthelion, a small 
flower, alluding to the two small 
florets. 

1. Dissanthelium californicum 
(Nutt.) Benth. (Fig. 235.) Annual, 
lax; culms more or less decumbent 
or spreading, about 30 cm. tall; 
blades flat, 10 to 15 em. long, 2 to 
4 mm. wide; panicle 10 to 15 cm. 
long, narrow but rather loose, the 
branches in fascicles, ascending, slen- 
der, flexuous, some of them floriferous 
to base; glumes narrow, acute, nearly 
equal, about 3 mm. long; lemmas 
pubescent, nearly 2 mm. long. © 
—Open ground, islands off the south- 
ern coast of California and of Baja 
California. 


19. REDFIELDIA Vasey 


Spikelets compressed, mostly 3- or 
4-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes and between the 
florets; glumes somewhat unequal, 
l-nerved, acuminate; lemmas char- 
taceous, 3-nerved, the nerves parallel, 
densely villous at base; palea as long 
as the lemma; grain free. A rather 
tall perennial, with extensive rhi- 
zomes, and a large panicle with 
diffuse capillary branches. Type spe- 
cies, Redfieldia flexuosa. Named for 
J. H. Redfield. 

1. Redfieldia flexu6sa (Thurb.) 
Vasey. BLowout Grass. (Fig. 236.) 
Culms tough, 60 to 100 cm. tall, the 
rhizomes long, slender; blades gla- 
brous, involute, elongate, flexuous, 
tapering to a fine point; panicle ob- 
long, one-third to half the entire 
length of the culm; spikelets 5 to 7 
mm. long, broadly V-shaped, the 
glumes acuminate, about half as long 
as the spikelet; lemmas acute, some- 
times mucronate, 4 to 5 mm. long. 
2 —Sand hills, North Dakota to 
Oklahoma, west to Utah and Arizona 
(Moki Reservation). A sand-binding 
grass. 


173 


FiGuRE 235.—Dissanthelium californicum. Plant, 
X 4%; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Trask 324, Calif.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


174 


FIGuRE 236.—Redfieldia flexuosa. Plant, X 4; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Over 2429, S. Dak.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


20. MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm. 


Plants dioecious; spikelets 3- to 
5-flowered, the uppermost florets 
rudimentary, the rachilla disarticu- 
lating tardily in pistillate spikelets; 
glumes wanting; lemmas rounded on 
the back, convolute, narrowed above, 
several-nerved, those of the pistillate 
spikelets like the blades in texture; 
palea narrow, 2-nerved, in the pis- 
tillate spikelets convolute around the 
pistil, the rudimentary uppermost 
floret enclosed between the keels of 
the floret next below. Creeping wiry 
perennial, with clustered short sub- 
ulate blades, the spikelets incon- 
spicuous at the ends of the short 


175 


branches, only a little exceeding the 
leaves. Type species, Monanthochloé 
littoralis. Name from Greek monos, 
single, anthos, flower, and chloe, grass, 
alluding to the unisexual flowers. 

1. Monanthochloé littoralis Eng- 
elm. (Fig. 237.) Culms tufted, ex- 
tensively creeping, the short branches 
erect; blades falcate, mostly less than 
1 cm. long, conspicuously distichous 
in distant to approximate clusters; 
spikelets 1 to few, nearly concealed 
in the leaves. 2 —Muddy sea- 
shores and tidal flats, southern Flori- 
da, especially on the keys; Texas 
(Galveston and southward); southern 
California (Santa Barbara and south- 
ward); Mexico, Cuba. 


‘1. DISTICHLIS Raf. Saurerass. 


Plants dioecious; spikelets several to many-flowered, the rachilla of the 
pistillate spikelets disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; 
glumes unequal, broad, acute, keeled, 3- to 7-nerved, the lateral nerves 
sometimes faint; !emmas closely imbricate, firm, the pistillate coriaceous, 
acute or subacute, with 9 to 11 mostly faint nerves (nerves fewer in D. texana); 
palea as long as the lemma or shorter, the margins bowed out near the base, 
the pistillate coriaceous, enclosing the grain. Low perennials, with exten- 
sively creeping scaly rhizomes, sometimes stolons, erect, rather rigid culms, 
and dense, rather few-flowered panicles. Type species, Dzstichlis spicata. 
Name from Greek distichos, 2-ranked, alluding to the distichous leaves. 

The species of Distichlis in general have little value for forage, but in the 
interior basins, such as the vicinity of Great Salt Lake, D. stricta is grazed 
when better grasses are not available. 


Plants mostly more than 30 cm. tall; blades not conspicuously distichous, mostly 

20 to 40 cm. long; panicle more than 10 cm. long; stolons present, long 

3. D. TEXANA. 

Plants mostly less than 30 cm. tall; blades conspicuously distichous, mostly less than 10 cm. 
long; panicle rarely more than 5 cm. long. 

Panicles condensed, the spikelets Pebccate mostly 5- to 9-flowered; keels of pistillate 

paleasawith marrowsentire wings. 4.8 ee D. SPICATA. 

Panicles looser, the spikelets less imbricate, the individual spikelets plainly visible; keels 

of pistillate paleas with broader serrate-erose WAIT Sri Sec ve cee 2. D. STRICTA, 


1. Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene. 
SEASHORE SALTGRASS. (Fig. 238.) 
Culms 10 to 40 cm. tall, sometimes 
taller; leaves numerous, the sheaths 
closely overlapping, the spreading 
blades conspicuously distichous, flat 
to involute, sharp-pointed, mostly 
less than 10 cm. long; panicle usually 
pale or greenish, 1 to 6 cm. long, 
rarely longer; spikelets mostly 5- to 
9-flowered, mostly 6 to 10 mm. long, 


compressed; lemmas 3 to 6 mm. long, 
the pistillate more coriaceous and 
more closely imbricate than the 
staminate; palea rather soft, narrow, 
the keels narrowly winged, entire; 
anthers about 2 mm. long. 2 — 
Seashores, forming dense colonies, 
Nova Scotia to Florida and Texas; 
British Columbia to California, Mexi- 
co, and Cuba; Pacific slope of South 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


176 


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MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 177 


America. Occasional plants produce 
runners above ground as well as 
below. Such specimens have been 
segregated as D. spicata var. stolonzf- 
era Beetle. DIsTICHLIS SPICATA var. 
NANA Beetle. Culms slender from 
slender rhizomes; blades 1 to 8 cm. 
long, subinvolute, slender; panicles of 
2 to 5 spikelets, the spikelets shghtly 
narrower than in the species; keels 
of the palea densely short-ciliate. 
2. —Alkaline boggy or sandy 
soil, Stanislaus and Kern Counties, 
Calif. Insufficiently known. 

2. Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb. 
DESERT SALTGRASS. (Fig. 239.) Re- 
sembling D. spicata; panicles less con- 
gested, the individual spikelets easily 
distinguished ; staminate panicles stra- 
mineous, the spikelets 8- to 15- 
flowered; pistillate spikelets greenish 
leaden, mostly 7- or 9-flowered, 
broader; lemmas firm, the palea a 
little shorter, much broader below, 
the keels with wide serrulate erose 
or lacerate wings. 2 (D. dentata 
Rydb., the pistillate plant.) — Al- 
kaline soil of the interior, Saskat- 
chewan to eastern Washington, south 
to Texas and California; Mexico. 
This and D. spicata appear to be 
distinct for the most part, but the 
staminate plants are sometimes diffh- 
cult to distinguish.” 

3. Distichlis texana (Vasey) Scribn. 
(Fig. 240.) Culms erect from a de- 
cumbent base, 30 to 60 cm. tall, 
producing extensively creeping rhi- 
zomes and long stout stolons; blades 
flat, firm, glabrous beneath, scabrous 
on the upper surface, mostly 20 to 
40 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, pale, 10 to 25 em. 
long, somewhat interrupted, the 
branches appressed; spikelets some- 
what compressed, 4- to 8-flowered, 
1 to 1.5 em. long; glumes 5 and 7 
mm. long, acute; lemmas of pistillate 
spikelets closely imbricate and ap- 
pressed, about 8 mm. long with 3 


10 REEDER, J. R. STATUS OF DISTICHLIS DENTATA, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 70: 53-57. 1943. 


strong nerves, the intermediate nerves 
obscure, acute, the margins broad, 
hyaline; palea of pistillate spikelets 
shorter than the lemma, strongly 
bowed out below, closely convolute 
around the pistil, the keels with 
narrow erose or toothed wings; lem- 
mas of staminate spikelets more 
spreading, about 6 mm. long, 3- 
nerved; palea about as long as the 


Wig 
= We 


Sh 
\ \ 
‘ N 


Figure 238.—Distichlis spicata. Plant, X 1; floret, 
xX 5. (Hitchcock 2826, Oreg.) 


lemma, not bowed out, not con- 
volute, the keels minutely scabrous, 
not winged; anthers 3 mm. long. 2 
—Sand flats, Presidio and Brewster 
Counties, Tex., and northern Mexico. 


178 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGuRE 239.—Distichlis stricta. Staminate plant, X 144; staminate spikelet and floret, X 5 (Mearns 3132, Calif.); 
pistillate panicle, X 1; pistillate floret, X 5 (Sandberg and Leiberg 463, Wash.). 


22. UNIOLA L. 
Spikelets 3- to many-flowered, the lower 1 to 6 lemmas empty, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes compressed- 
keeled, rigid, usually narrow, 3- to 7-nerved, acute or acuminate, rarely mucro- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 179 


nate; lemmas compressed, sometimes conspicuously flattened, chartaceous, 
many-nerved, the nerves sometimes obscure, acute or acuminate, the empty 
ones at the base and the uppermost usually reduced; palea rigid, strongly 
keeled, bowed out at base, weakly so in Uniola paniculata; stamen 1. Rather 
tall, erect perennials, with flat or sometimes convolute blades and narrow or 
open panicles of compressed, sometimes very broad and flat spikelets. Type 
species, Uniola paniculata. Ancient Latin name of a plant. 

The inland species are not abundant enough to be of value for forage. 
Uniola latifolia is worthy of cultivation as an ornamental; U. paniculata is a 
sand binder along the southern seacoast; the seeds of U. palmeri Vasey of 
Mexico are used for food by the Cocopa Indians. 


Rhizomes extensively creeping; blades firm, flat at base, tapering into a long flexuous in- 

volute point; empty lemmas about 4; coastal dunes................-.... 1. U. PANICULATA. 

Rhizomes wanting or short and knotty; blades thin, flat; empty lemma 1 (2 or 3 in U. 

ornithorhyncha); rich or moist woods. 

Spikelets 8- to 12-flowered on slender pedicels; panicle nodding or drooping. 

U. LATIFOLIA. 

Spikelets 3- to 7-flowered, nearly sessile; panicle erect, nearly simple, the branches stiff. 

Spikelets more than 10 mm. (usually more than 12 mm.) wide, with 5 to 7 fertile florets. 

Sterile lemma 1; panicle 10 to 15 em. long, the lower branches with 2 to 5 rather 

Ghistambasioikcele Geraint i Otte etal ee tue ae eee toot 3. U.. NITIDA. 

Sterile lemmas 2 or 3; panicle 3 to 8 cm. long, the branches very short with approxi- 

mM@pbeyspineletsenwew Hae ee a 4, U. ORNITHORHYNCHA. 

Spikelets rarely as much as 8 mm. wide at maturity, V-shaped, with 1 to 4 fertile florets 

(rarely more), and 1 sterile lemma. 

Collar of sheath pubescent, the sheaths commonly loosely long-pubescent, rarely 

Gl MORO User see rv em oe Sy ee 5. U. SESSILIFLORA. 

Collar and sheaths glabrous or nearly so 

1. Uniola paniculata L. Sea oats. 

(Fig. 241.) Culms stout, about 1 m. 

tall, from extensively creeping rhi- 

zomes; blades flat, firm, elongate, 


Figure 240.—Distichlis texana. Panicle, X 1; lemma Figure 241.—Uniola paniculata. Plant, X 1/10; 
and palea, X 5. (Nealley, Tex.) spikelets, X 1. (Kearney 2134, Va.) 


180 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


\ \ 
> LS 
r. aii S ‘ 
> WE SN 
Rett 
Sel 


WSS SSN 
} ZZ Y 


FicgurE 242.—Uniola latifolia. Plant, X 44; spikelet and floret, X 3. (Chase 5874, Md.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


becoming involute toward the long, 
fine flexuous point; panicle pale, nar- 
row, condensed, heavy and nodding, 
20 to 40 cm. long, the branches 
-arching and drooping, as much as 
12 cm. long; spikelets very flat, 10- 
to 20-flowered, mostly 2 to 2.5 cm. 
long, 1 cm. wide, the first 4 to 6 
lemmas empty, the slender pedicels 
shorter than the spikelets; lemmas 
about 9-nerved, strongly compressed- 
keeled about 1 cm. long, acute; palea 
acute, as long as the lemma, the strong 
wings of the keels ciliate. 2 
Sand dunes of the seacoast, North- 
ampton County, Va., to Florida and 
Texas; northern West Indies; eastern 
Mexico. Spikelets apparently sterile, 
no caryopses nor stamens found. 

2. Uniola latifolia Michx. Broap- 
LEAF UNIOLA. (Fig. 242.) Culms 1 to 
1.4 m. tall, with short strong rhi- 
zomes, forming colonies; blades flat, 
narrowly lanceolate, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, mostly 1 to 2 cm. wide; panicle 
open, drooping, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
the branches bearing a few large, 
very flat spikelets, the pedicels cap- 
illary; spikelets 8- to 12-flowered, 2 
to 3.5 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, 
ereen or finally tawny, the first lem- 
ma empty; lemmas lanceolate, strong- 
ly compressed-keeled, acute, about 
1 cm. long, striate-nerved, the keel 
ciliate with soft ascending hairs, the 
callus pilose; palea shorter than the 
lemma, wing-keeled; anther minute, 
the flower cleistogamous; caryopsis 
flat, oval, black, 5mm.long.§ 2 — 
Rich woods, Pennsylvania and New 
Jersey to Illinois and Kansas, south 
to Florida and Texas; Arizona (Pinal 
County). 

3. Uniola nitida Baldw. (Fig. 243.) 
Culms slender, 50 to 75 cm. tall, 
erect, loosely tufted, with short rhi- 
zomes; blades flat, spreading, mostly 
less than 15 em. long, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide; panicle open, few-flowered, 10 
to 15 cm. long, with a few spreading 
branches 3 to 8 cm. long, bearing 2 
to 5 nearly sessile spikelets; spikelets 
4- to 7-flowered, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 


181 


about 1 cm. wide, the first lemma 
empty; lemmas spreading, 7 to 10 
mm. long, compressed-keeled, grad- 
ually acuminate, striate-nerved; palea 
equaling the lemma, acuminate, 2- 
toothed, the keels prominently winged; 
anther 1.5 mm. long. 2 —Moist 
woods, South Carolina to Florida. 

4. Uniola ornithorhyncha Steud. 
(Fig. 244.) Culms slender, 30 to 50 
cm. tall, loosely tufted with short 
rhizomes; sheaths pubescent on the 
collar; blades flat, thin, mostly less 
than 15 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, 3 to 9 cm. long, the 
short approximate branches with 1 to 
3 nearly sessile spikelets or the lower 
somewhat distant with 4 to 6 spike- 
lets, pubescent in the axils; spikelets 
very flat, with 3 or 4 widely spreading 
fertile florets, the 2 or 3 lower lemmas 
empty, appressed; fertile lemmas 
about 8 mm. long, narrow, gradually 
acuminate, striate-nerved; palea as 
long as or longer than the lemma, 
acuminate, 2-toothed, strongly bowed 
out below, the keels rather narrowly 
winged; anther 1 to 1.8 mm. long. 
21 —Low woods or hummocks in 
swamps, Alabama to Louisiana. 

5. Uniola sessilifiéra Poir. (Fig. 
245.) Culms erect, 0.5 to 1.5 m. tall, 
in loose tufts with short rhizomes; 
sheaths pilose, at least toward the 
summit; blades elongate, firm, mostly 
sparsely pilose on the upper surface 
toward the base, 5 to 10 mm. wide, 
tapering to base; panicle long-ex- 
serted, 20 to 50 cm. long, narrow, the 
branches distant, stiffly ascending or 
appressed, the lower as much as 7 cm. 
long, the upper short, somewhat capi- 
tate; spikelets nearly sessile, aggre- 
gate in clusters, flat, usually 3- to 5- 
flowered, broadly V-shaped at matu- 
rity, the first lemma empty; glumes 
about 2 mm. long; lemmas spreading, 
about 5 mm. long, acuminate, beaked, 
especially before maturity, striate- 
nerved; palea shorter than the lemma, 
acute, broad, the keels narrowly 
winged; grain black, 3 mm. long, at 
maturity spreading the lemma and 


182 


ay 


Yj 


Fiaure 243.—Uniola nitida. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. (Curtiss 3521, Fla.) 


palea; anther 1.8mm.long. 2 (U. 
longifolia Scribn.)—Rich woods, 
southeastern Virginia to Tennessee 
and Oklahoma, south to Florida and 
eastern Texas. 7 

6. Uniola laxa (L.) B. 8S. P. (Fig. 
246.) Culms slender, 60 to 100 cm. 
tall, erect to nodding from a loosely 
tufted sometimes knotty base; blades 
elongate, flat to sometimes loosely in- 
volute, 3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle nar- 
row, slender, 15 to 30 cm. long, the 
branches short, appressed, approxi- 
mate, the lower sometimes 3 cm. long 
and distant; spikelets nearly sessile, 
approximate, flat, usually 3- to 4- 
flowered, the first lemma empty; lem- 
mas spreading, 4 to 5 mm. long, grad- 
ually acuminate, striate-nerved; palea 
broad, the keels narrowly winged; 
grain black, 2.6 mm. long, at matu- 
rity spreading the lemma and palea; 
anther 1.2 mm. long. 2 —Moist 
woods, Coastal Plain, Long Island to 
Florida and Texas, extending to 
western North Carolina, Kentucky, 
Arkansas, and Oklahoma. 


23. DACTYLIS L. OrcHarp GRASS 


Spikelets few-flowered, compressed, 
finally disarticulating between the 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


florets, nearly sessile in dense 1l-sided 
fascicles, these borne at the ends of 
the few branches of a panicle; glumes 
unequal, carinate, acute, hispid-ciliate 
on the keel; lemmas compressed- 
keeled, mucronate, 5-nerved, ciliate 
on the keel. Perennials, with flat 
blades and fascicled spikelets. Type 
species, Dactylis glomerata. Name 
from Greek dactulos, a finger, alluding 
to the stiff branches of the panicle. 

1. Dactylis glomerata L. ORCHARD 
Grass. (Fig. 247.) Culms in large tus- 
socks, 60 to 120 cm. tall; blades elon- 
gate, 2 to 8 mm. wide; panicles 5 to 
20 cm. long, the few distant stiff soli- 
tary branches ascending, or spreading 
at anthesis, appressed at maturity, 
the lowermost sometimes as much as 
10 cm. long; lemmas about 8 mm. 
long, mucronate or short-awned. 2 
—Fields, meadows, and waste places, 
Newfoundland to southeastern Alas- 
ka; south to Florida and central 
California; Eurasia. Commonly culti- 
vated as a meadow and pasture grass. 
In England called cocksfoot. A varie- 
gated form (called by gardeners var. 
variegata) is occasionally cultivated 
for borders. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 183 


DRY : 
‘l Y, Fiaure 245.—Uniola sessiliflora. Plant, X 1; floret, 
in Y BSS X 5. (Tracy, Miss.) 
a ( 
yy 
= aA r € LN 
R Figure 244.—Uniola ornithorhyncha. Plant, X 1; 


floret, X 5. (Tracy and Lloyd 448, Miss.) 


24. CYNOSURUS L. Docrar 


Spikelets of two kinds, sterile and fertile together, the fertile sessile, nearly 
covered by the short-pediceled sterile one, these pairs imbricate in a dense 
l-sided spikelike panicle; sterile spikelets consisting of 2 glumes and several 
narrow, acuminate, 1-nerved lemmas on a continuous rachilla; fertile spike- 
lets 2- or 3-flowered, the glumes narrow, the lemmas broader, rounded on the 
back, awn-tipped, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes. Annuals or 
perennials with narrow flat blades and dense spikelike or subcapitate panicles. 
Type species, Cynosurus cristatus. Name from Greek kuon (kun-) dog, and 


oura, tail. 


Plants perennial; panicles narrow, spikelike; awns inconspicuous............ 
Plants annual; panicles subcapitate; awns conspicuous................----------- 


1. C. CRISTATUS. 
2. C. ECHINATUS. 


1. Cynosurus cristatus L. CResTED 
DOGTAIL. (Fig. 248.) Perennial; culms to 60 cm. tall; panicle spikelike, 
tufted or geniculate at base, erect, 30 linear, more or less curved, 3 to 8 cm. 


184 


FIGURE 246.—Uniola laza. Plant, 
X 1; floret, X 5. (Van Eseltine 
and Moseley 178, D. C.) 


long; pairs of spikelets about 5 mm. 
long; lemmas with awns mostly not 
more than 1 mm. long. 2 —Fields 
and waste places, Newfoundland to 
Michigan and North Carolina; Idaho, 
Washington to California; introduced 
from Europe. Occasionally cultivated 
in mixtures for meadows, but of little 
value. 

2. Cynosurus echinatus L. (Fig. 
249.) Annual; culms 20 to 40 cm. tall; 
blades short; panicle subcapitate, 1 to 
4 cm. long, bristly; pairs of spikelets 
7 to 10 mm. long; lemmas with awns 
5 to 10 mm. long. © —Open 
ground, British Columbia; Oregon to 
central California; Maryland; North 
Carolina; Arkansas and Oklahoma; 
introduced from Europe. 


25. LAMARCKIA Moench 
(Achyrodes Boehmer) 


Spikelets of two kinds, in fascicles, 
the terminal one of each fascicle fer- 
tile, the others sterile; fertile spikelet 
with 1 perfect floret on a slender stipe 
and a rudimentary floret on a long 
rachilla-joint, both awned, the glumes 
narrow, acuminate or short-awned, 
l-nerved; lemma broader, scarcely 
nerved, bearing just below the apex a 
delicate awn; sterile spikelets linear, 
1 to 3 in each fascicle, consisting of 2 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


glumes similar to those of the fertile 
spikelet, and numerous imbricate, ob- 
tuse, awnless, empty lemmas, a re- 
duced spikelet similar to the fertile 
one borne on the pedicel with one of 
the sterile ones.—Low annual with 
flat blades and oblong, 1-sided, dense 
panicles, the crowded fascicles droop- 
ing, the fertile being hidden, except 
the awns, by the numerous sterile 
ones; fascicles falling entire. Type 
species, Lamarckia aurea. Named for 
J. B. Lamarck. 

1. Lamarckia atirea (L.) Moench. 
GOLDENTopP. (Fig. 250.) Culms erect 
or decumbent at base, 10 to 40 cm. 
tall; blades soft, 3 to 7 mm. wide; pan- 
icle dense, 2 to 7 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. 
wide, shining, golden yellow to pur- 
plish, the branches short, erect, the 
branchlets capillary, flexuous; ped- 
icels fascicled, pubescent, with a tuft 
of long whitish hairs at the base; fer- 
tile spikelet about 2 mm. long, the 
awn of lemma about twice as long as 
the spikelet; sterile spikelet 6 to 8 mm. 
long. © —Open ground and waste 
places, Texas, Arizona, southern Cali- 
fornia, and northern Mexico; intro- 
duced from the Mediterranean region. 
Sometimes cultivated for ornament. 


26. ARUNDO L. 


Spikelets several-flowered, the flo- 
rets successively smaller, the summits 
of all about equal, the rachilla 
glabrous, disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets; 
glumes somewhat unequal, membra- 
naceous, 3-nerved, narrow, tapering 
into a slender point, about as long as 
the spikelet; lemmas thin, 3-nerved, 
densely and softly long-pilose, grad- 
ually narrowed at the summit, the 
nerves ending in slender teeth, the 
middle one extending into a straight 
awn. Tall perennial reeds, with broad 
linear blades and large plumelike ter- 
minal panicles. Type species, Arundo 
donax. Arundo, the ancient Latin 
name. 

1. Arundo dénax L. GIANT REED. 
(Fig. 251.) Culms stout, in large 


185 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


FIGURE 247.—Dactylis glomerata. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Wilson 1334, Conn.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


186 
¥ evenly along the culm, the margin 
ny © scabrous; panicle dense, erect, 30 to 
NF, a 60 cm. long; spikelets 12 mm. long. 
rm Wf wi 2} —Along irrigation ditches, Ar- 
Ly: WGA ny kansas and Texas to southern Cali- 
1% Ng ay fornia, occasionally established east- 
\Z ah Wg ward from Maryland south; tropical 
We Nei 7 America; introduced from the warm 
VA WZ we : ( T 
‘B ‘ ie wy regions of the Old World. Frequently 
iy; Ns z: cy Z cultivated for ornament, including 
79 NE ay b, var. VERSICOLOR (Miller) Stokes, with 
off a white-striped blades. In the South- 


Figure 249.—Cynosurus echinatus. Panicle, X 1; fer- 
tile floret, X 5. (Macoun 80976, Vancouver Island.) 


west the culms are used for lattices, 
mats, and screens, and in the con- 
struction of adobe huts. In Europe 
the culms are used for making the 
reeds of clarinets and organ pipes. If 
kept cut down the culms branch; in 
this form used for hedges. Planted 
in southeastern Texas to prevent 


wind erosion. 


FIicurE 248.—Cynosurus cristatus. Plant, X 4; fertile 
spikelet and floret, X 5. (Waghorne 23, Newf.) 


clumps, 2 to 6 m. tall, sparingly 
branching, from thick knotty rhi- 
zomes; blades numerous, elongate, 5 
to 7 cm. wide on the main culm, con- 
spicuously distichous, spaced rather 


GYNERIUM Willd. ex Beauv. 


Plants dioecious; spikelets several- 
flowered, the pistillate with long- 
attenuate glumes and smaller long- 
silky lemmas, the staminate with 
shorter glumes and glabrous lemmas. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Ni eZ 
wy 


187 


Figure 250.—Lamarckia aurea. Plant, X %; fertile spikelet and floret, X 5. (Baker 5275, Calif.) 


Tall perennial reeds with plumelike 
panicles. Type species, Gynervum sac- 
charoides (G. sagittatum). Name from 
Greek gune, female, and erzon, wool, 
referring to the woolly pistillate 
spikelets. 

Gynerium = sagittatum (Aubl.) 
Beauv. Uva crass. Culms as much as 


10 or 12 m. tall, clothed below with 
the overlapping old sheaths, the 
blades fallen; blades sharply serrulate, 
commonly 2 m. long, 4 to 6 cm. wide, 
forming a great fan-shaped summit to 
the sterile culms, panicle pale, plume- 
like, densely flowered, 1 m. or more 
long, the main axis erect, the branches 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


188 


Fiaure 251.—Arundo donaz. Plant, X 1/3; spikelet and floret, X 3. (Biltmore Herb. 7514, N. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


drooping. 2 —Occasionally culti- 
vated for ornament in greenhouses. 
River banks and wet ground, tropical 
America; soil binder. 


27. CORTADERIA Stapf 
PAMPASGRASS 


Spikelets several-flowered; rachilla 
internodes jointed, the lower part 
glabrous, the upper bearded, forming 
a stipe to the floret; glumes longer 
than the lower florets; lemmas of 
pistillate spikelets clothed with long 
hairs. Large tussock grasses, with 


LE types F 

a) Vell ! is 

gouty Kis sivas 
\ 7" 


f \\ 
YA 


UR iy 
\ VAN Qe 


i \ \\ \ 
ONS 
SS Whe N) Nye 


\ \ Ne | 


ved 


\ 
\ 

\ 
\ 


» \ N | ry f V 
t , Ai \ 
AN AAR 
fry i 


yNY Wy 


189 


pery, long, slender; lemmas bearing 
a long slender awn. 2 (Gynerium 
argenteum Nees.)—Plains and open 
slopes, Brazil to Argentina and Chile. 
Cultivated as a lawn ornamental in 
the warmer parts of the United States; 
in southern California grown com- 
mercially for the plumes which are 
used for decorative purposes, the 
culms here being sometimes as much 
as 7m. tall. Recently planted by Soil 
Conservation Service for supplemen- 
tary dry-land pasture in Ventura and 
Los Angeles Counties, Calif., cattle 
reported to be thriving on it. 


NN 


VA 


Uy, 


| 


VAN 4, A 
GABE 
Lg 


Zo jal 


Figure 252.—Cortaderia selloana. Pistillate (2) and staminate (<) panicles, X 1. (Silveus 308, Tex.) 


leaves crowded at the base, the blades 
elongate, narrow, attenuate, the mar- 
gins usually serrulate; panicle large, 
plumelike. Type species, Cortaderia 
argentea (C. selloana). Name from the 
Argentine native name _ cortadera, 
cutting, because of the cutting edges 
of the blades. ; 

1. Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) 
Aschers. and Graebn. PAMPASGRASS. 
(Fig. 252.) Dioecious perennial reed, 
in large bunches; culms stout, erect 
2to3 or more m. tall; panicle feathery, 
silvery white to pink, 30 to 100 cm. 
long; spikelets 2- to 3-flowered, the 
pistillate silky with long hairs, the 
staminate naked; glumes white, pa- 


CoRTADERIA RUDIUSCULA Stapf. Differing 
from C. selloana in the looser yellowish or 
purplish panicle; spikelets somewhat smaller. 
2% —Occasionally cultivated for ornament; 
Argentina. Has been called C. quila Stapf, 
but that name is ultimately based on Arundo 
quila Molina, which is a bamboo, Chusquea 
quila (Molina) Kunth. 


Ampelodésmos mauritanicus (Poir.) 
Dur. and Schinz. Robust perennial 
in large clumps, culms solid, 2 to 3 
m. tall; blades elongate, wiry, curved 
at base, bending forward across the 
culm, the upper surface downward; 
panicle 20 to 50 ecm. long, many- 
flowered, the slender, flexuous, very 


190 


scabrous branches naked at_ base, 
drooping, the spikelets crowded to- 
ward the ends, 2- to 5-flowered, 12 
to 15 mm. long, the lower part of 
lemma and rachilla joints densely 
pilose with white hairs. 2 —Oc- 
easionally cultivated as an _ orna- 
mental; escaped and established in 
Napa County, Calif. Mediterranean 
region. Generic name often incorrectly 
spelled Ampelodesma. 


28. PHRAGMITES Trin. 


Spikelets several-flowered, the ra- 
chilla clothed with long silky hairs, 
disarticulating above the glumes and 
at the base of each segment between 
the florets, the lowest floret staminate 
or neuter; glumes 3-nerved, or the 
upper 5-nerved, lanceolate, acute, un- 
equal, the first about half as long as 
the upper, the second shorter than 
the florets; lemmas narrow, long- 
acuminate, glabrous, 3-nerved, the 
florets successively smaller, the sum- 
mits of all about equal; palea much 
shorter than the lemma. Perennial 
reeds, with broad, flat, linear blades 
and large terminal panicles. Type 
species, Arundo phragmites L. (Phrag- 
mites communis). Name from the 
Greek, in reference to its growth like a 
fence (phragma) along streams. 

1. Phragmites comminis Trin. 
CoMMON REED. (Fig. 253.) Culms 
erect, 2 to 4 m. tall, with stout 
creeping rhizomes and often also with 
stolons; blades flat, 1 to 5 em. wide; 
panicle tawny or purplish, 15 to 40 
em. long, the branches ascending, 
rather densely flowered; spikelets 12 
to 15 mm. long, the florets exceeded by 
the hairs of the rachilla. 2 (P. 
phragmites Karst.)—Marshes, banks 
of lakes and streams, and around 
springs, Nova Scotia to British Co- 
lumbia, south to Maryland, North 
Carolina, Illinois, Louisiana, and Cali- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


fornia; Florida; Mexico and West 
Indies to Chile and Argentina; Eura- 
sia, Africa, Australia. 

In the Southwest this, in common 
with Arundo donaz, is called by the 
Mexican name ecarrizo and is used 
for lattices in the construction of 
adobe huts. The stems were used by 
the Indians for shafts of arrows and 
in Mexico and Arizona for mats and 
screens, for thatching, cordage, and 
carrying nets. 


29. NEYRAUDIA Hook. f. 


Spikelets 4- to 8-flowered; rachilla 
jointed about half way between the 
florets, the part below the joint gla- 
brous, the part above bearded, form- 
ing a stipe below the mature floret; 
glumes unequal, 1-nerved; lemmas 
narrow, 3-nerved, acuminate, con- 
spicuously long-pilose on the margins, 
awned from between 2 fine teeth, the 
awn recurved. Tall perennial with 
large open many-flowered panicles. 
Type species, Neyraudia madagas- 
carvensis (Kunth) Hook. f. (N. arun- 
dinacea (L..) Henr.) Name an ana- 
gram of Reynaudia, a genus of Cuban 
grasses. 

1. Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) 
Keng. (Fig. 254.) Reedlike perennial, 
1 to 3 m. tall, resembling Phragmites 
communis; sheaths woolly at the 
throat and on the collar; blades flat, 
1 to 2 cm. wide or sometimes narrow 
and subinvolute; panicle nodding, 30 
to 60 cm. long, rather densely flow- 
ered; spikelets 4- to 8-flowered, the 
lowest 1 or 2 lemmas empty, 6 to 
8 mm. long, rather short-pediceled 
along the numerous panicle branches; 
lemmas somewhat curved, slender, 
the awn flat, recurved. 2 —Plant- 
ed in testing garden at Coconut 
Grove, Fla., and occasionally es- 
caped; native of southern Asia. 


30. MELICA L. Meticerass 


Spikelets 2- to several-flowered (rarely with 1 perfect floret), the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and between the fertile florets (in some 
species spikelets falling entire), prolonged beyond the perfect florets and bear- 
ing 2 or 3 approximate gradually smaller empty lemmas, each enclosing the 


191 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 253.—Phrag mites communis. Plant, X 1/8; spikelet and floret, X 3. (Hitchcock 5078, N. Dak.) 


192 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


one above; glumes somewhat unequal, thin, often papery, scarious-margined, 
obtuse or acute, sometimes nearly as long as the lower floret, 3- to 5-nerved, 
the nerves usually prominent; lemmas convex, several-nerved, membranaceous 
or rather firm, scarious-margined, sometimes conspicuously so, awnless or 
sometimes awned from between the teeth of the bifid apex, the callus not 
bearded. Rather tall perennials, the base of the culm often swollen into a 
corm, with closed sheaths, usually flat blades, narrow or sometimes open, 
usually simple panicles of relatively large spikelets. Type species, Melica 
nutans L. Melica, an Italian name for a kind of sorghum, probably from the 
sweet juice (mel, honey). 

The species are in general palatable grasses but, not being gregarious, do 
not furnish much forage. Important species are M. porteri, M. imperfecta, 
and M. subulata. 


Spikelets narrow; lemmas acute (obtuse in M. harfordii) or awned. 


SEcTION 1. BROMELICA. 


Spikelets broad; lemmas obtuse, awnless..................-ss-sseseesseeeseeoe- . SECTION 2. EUMELICA. 


Section 1. Bromelica 


Lemmas long-awned from a bifid apex. 
Branches of panicle few, distant, spreading, naked on the lower half...... 1. M. smrrutt. 
Branches of panicle short, appressed, spikelet-bearing from near the base. 
2. M. ARIsTATA. 
Lemmas awnless or minutely awned. 
Culms not bulbous at base; lemmas obtuse, mucronate or awn-tipped. 3. M. HARFORDII. 
Culms bulbous at base; lemmas acute or acuminate. 
Lemmas acuminate, usually pilose; panicle narrow, the branches short, usually ap- 
DLOSSCC = c22-2:+- 2255 fe hae DM aor Se 4, M. suBuuatTa. 
Lemmas acute; panicle broad, the branches long and spreading.......... 5.7 Me Gryarr 


Section 2. Eumelica 
la. Culms bulbous at base (see also M. californica). 


Pedicels capillary, flexuous or recurved; panicle narrow...........--------- 6. M. sSPECTABILIS. 
Pedicels stouter, appressed. 
_ Rachilla soft, enlarged, wrinkled in drying, usually brownish................ 8. M. Fucax. 


Rachilla firm, whitish, not wrinkled. 
Panicle rather dense, the branches short, appressed, usually imbricate; glumes thin, 
indistinctly Nerved=...+2- -=eee Se eee 7. M. BULBOSA. 
Panicle loosely flowered, the branches, or some of them, stiffly ascending-spreading 
in anthesis, usually somewhat distant, scarcely imbricate; glumes firm, distinctly 
NeLVe@ 0h Ve ea Ba ee ee ee 9. M. INFLATA. 
1b. Culms not distinctly bulbous at base (somewhat swollen in M. californica.) 
2a. Spikelets falling entire, nodding to pendulous on capillary pedicels. 

Spikelets 4- or 5-flowered, reflexed; panicle narrow (open in M. porteri var. laza). 
Spikelets V-shaped; glumes 10 to 15 mm. long...._......-.----------.- 10: M. srricra: 
Spikelets narrow; glumes not more than 7 mm. long__.......___.-..-... 11. M. PorTERI. 

Spikelets 1- to 3-flowered, nodding; panicle open, the lower branches spreading. 
Spikelets with 1 perfect floret; lemma with a few flat, twisted golden hairs on the back. 

about thetmiddle:.2... 3 2 ee ee 14. M. MONTEZUMAE. 
Spikelets with 2 perfect florets, lemmas without hairs. 
Glumes nearly as long as the usually 2-flowered spikelet; apexes of the 2 florets 


about the same height; panicle simple or nearly so............. 12. M. mutica. 
Glumes shorter than the usually 3-flowered spikelet; apex of second floret a little 
higher than that of the first; panicle compound.............-...--- 13. M. NITENS. 


2b. Spikelets not falling entire, not pendulous. 
Spikelets 4 to 6 mm. long; fertile florets 1 or 2. 
Fertile lemmas pubescent; fertile florets often 2_...............- 15. M. TORREYANA. 
Fertile lemmas glabrous; fertile floret usually 1... 16. M. IMPERFECTA. 
Spikelets 8 to 15 mm. long; fertile florets 2 to several. 
Spikelets silvery white; glumes about as long as the spikelet; plant tall, somewhat 
WOO GY sate 2 cca eee bcs Se ee nae Be ee a 17. M. FRUTESCENS. 
Spikelets tawny to purplish; glumes shorter than the spikelet; plant lower, herba- 
COOUS: Sino IN Lek Rg ae a a 18. M. CALIFORNICA. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Section 1. BRoméxiIca Thurb. 


Spikelets narrow; glumes usually nar- 
row, scarious-margined (papery 
in M. geyerz); sterile lemmas 
similar to the acute (obtuse in 
M. harfordit) or awned fertile 
lemmas. 

1. Melica smithii (Porter) Vasey. 
SMITH MBLIC., (Fig. 255.) Culms slen- 
der, 60 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths 
retrorsely scabrous; blades lax, sca- 
brous, 10 to 20 cm. long, 6 to 12 
mm. wide; panicle 12 to 25 cm. long, 
the branches solitary, distant, spread- 
ing, naked below, sometimes reflexed, 
as much as 10 cm. long; spikelets 3- 
to 6-flowered, 18 to 20 mm. long, 


S 
4—— 4 f- 
eH PL 
—4 

LE 


[7 
Va 


i 


193 


sometimes purplish; glumes acute; 
lemmas about 10 mm. long, with an 
awn 3 to 5 mm. long. 2 (Avena 
smithit Porter.)—Moist woodlands, 
western Ontario and northern Michi- 
gan to British Columbia, south to 


Figure 255.—Melica smithii. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
xX 5. (Robbins, Mich.) 


Vint Y 


Gs Vy 


ANAL 
VN 


F 


VSB AV Z 
Wier 


SJ 


y 
+3 SSSce 
<> ~ ~ ‘ 
iN SN 
tS = 


Figure 254.—Neyraudia reynaudiana. Panicle, X 1; spikelet, X 5; floret, X 10. (Moldenke 432, Fla.) 


194 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 256.—Melica aristata. Plant, X 4%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Cusick 2888, Oreg.) 


Wyoming (Teton Mountains) and 2. Melica aristata Thurb. ex Bo- 
Oregon (Wallowa Mountains). land. (Fig. 256.) Culms erect or de- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


cumbent below, 60 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths scabrous to pubescent; blades 
3 to 5 mm. wide, more or less pubes- 
cent; panicle narrow, 10 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches short, mostly ap- 
pressed or ascending; spikelets, ex- 
cluding awns, about 15 mm. long; 
glumes 10 to 12 mm. long; lemmas 
7-nerved, scabrous, awned, the awn 
6to10mm.long. 2 —Dry woods, 
meadows, and open slopes, Montana 
and Washington to the central Sierras 
of California. 

3. Melica harfordii Boland. Har- 
FORD MELIC. (Fig. 257.) Culms tufted, 


—= 


“i 
a 
ae 
en 
Wolte: 
Mit 

X 


Figure 257.—Melica harfordii. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Yates 457, Calif.) 


60 to 120 cm. tall, often decumbent 
below; sheaths scabrous to villous; 
blades scabrous, firm, flat to sub- 
involute, 1 to 4 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, 10 to 15 cm. long, the 


195 


\\, 
\ y 


Fiaure 258.—WMelica subulata. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
x<_5. (Hitchcock 11631, Wash.) 


branches appressed; spikelets 1 to 1.5 
cm. long, short-pediceled; glumes 7 
to 9 mm. long, obtuse; lemmas rather 
faintly 7-nerved, hispidulous below, 
pilose on the lower part of the margin, 
the apex emarginate, mucronate, or 
with an awn less than 2 mm. long. 
2 —Open dry woods and slopes, 
British Columbia to the Cascade 
Mountains of Oregon, south to Mon- 
terey County and Yosemite National 
Park, Calif. A smaller form with 
narrow involute blades has been 
segregated as M. harfordit var. minor 
Vasey. 

4, Melica  subulata  (Griseb.) 
Scribn. ALASKA ONIONGRASS. (Fig. 
258.) Culms 60 to 125 em. tall, mostly 
bulbous at base; sheaths retrorsely 
scabrous, often pilose; blades thin, 


196 


FIGURE 259.—WMelica geyert. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. 
(Heller 11932, Calif.) 


usually 2 to 5 mm. wide, sometimes 
wider; panicle usually narrow, mostly 
10 to 20 cm. long, the branches ap- 
pressed or sometimes spreading; spike- 
lets narrow, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, loosely 
flowered; glumes narrow, obscurely 
nerved, the second about 8 mm. long; 
lemmas prominently 7-nerved, ta- 
pering to an acuminate point, awn- 
less, the nerves more or less pilose- 
ciliate. 2 —Meadows, banks, and 
shady slopes, western Wyoming and 
Montana to Alaska, south in the 
mountains to Mount Tamalpais and 
Lake Tahoe, Calif. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


5. Melica géyeri Munro. Gryer 
ONIONGRASS. (Fig. 259.) Culms 1 to 
1.5 m. tall, bulbous at base; sheaths 
usually glabrous, sometimes slightly 
scabrous or pubescent; blades sca- 
brous (rarely puberulent), mostly less 
than 5 mm. wide; panicle 10 to 20 
cm. long, open, the branches slender, 
rather distant, spreading, bearing a 
few spikelets above the middle; spike- 
lets 12 to 20 mm. long; glumes broad, 
smooth, papery, the second about 6 
mm. long; lemmas 7-nerved, sca- 
berulous or nearly glabrous, narrowed 
to an obtuse point, awnless)5 2 — 
Open dry woods and rocky slopes, 
at medium altitudes, western Oregon 
to central California in the Coast 
Range; infrequent in the Sierras to 
Placer County; Nevada; Yellowstone 
Park, Wyo. 

MELICA GEYERI var. ARISTULATA 
J. T. Howell. Lemma with an awn 0.5 
to 2 mm. long from a toothed apex. 
2} —Known only from Marin 
County, Calif. 


SEecTIon 2. Eumeéuica Aschers. 


Spikelets broad; glumes broad, pa- 
pery; lemmas awnless; sterile 
lemmas small, aggregate in a 
rudiment more or less hidden in 
the upper fertile lemmas. 

6. Melica spectabilis Scribn. Pur- 
PLE ONIONGRASS. (Fig. 260.) Culms 
30 to 100 em. tall, bulbous at base, 
rarely with a short rhizome; sheaths 
pubescent; blades flat to subinvolute, 
2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle mostly 10 
to 15 em. long, narrow, the branches 
appressed; spikelets purple-tinged, 
rather turgid, 10 to 15 mm. long, the 
pedicels capillary, flexuous; glumes 
broad, papery; lemmas strongly 7- 
nerved, obtuse, scarious-margined, 
imbricate. 2 —Rocky or open 
woods and thickets, Montana to 
British Columbia, south to Colorado 
and northern California. 

7. Melica bulb6sa Geyer ex Port. 
and Coult. OntonerRass. (Fig. 261.) 
Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall, bulbous 
at base, resembling M. spectabzlis; 
sheaths and blades flat to involute, 2 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 197 


to 4 mm. wide, glabrous, scabrous, or 
pubescent; panicle narrow, rather 
densely flowered, the branches short, 
appressed, rather stiff, mostly imbri- 
cate; spikelets papery with age, 
mostly 7 to 15 mm. long, the short 
pedicels stiff, erect; lemmas obscurely 
nerved, obtuse or slightly emarginate. 
2 (M. bella Piper.)—Rocky woods 
and hills, Montana to British Colum- 
bia, south to Colorado and California; 
westerh Texas (Jeff Davis County). 
Specimens with pubescent foliage 
have been differentiated as M. bella 
intonsa Piper. 

8. Melica fagax Boland. Litter 
ONIONGRASS. (Fig. 262.) Culms most- 
ly 20 to 60 cm. tall, in loose tufts, 
the bulbs prominent; sheaths re- 
trorsely scabrous; blades 1.5 to 4 mm. 
wide, scabrous, usually pubescent on 
the upper surface; panicle 8 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches stiffly spreading or 


FicurE 261.—Melica bulbosa. 
Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. (Tide~ 
strom 1252, Utah.) 


reflexed at anthesis, the lower 2 to 4 
cm. long; spikelets 8 to 14 mm. long, 
the florets somewhat distant, usually 
purple-tinged, the rachilla soft, wrin- 
kled in drying, often brownish; second 
glume nearly as long as the lower lem- 
ma; lemmas obscurely nerved, obtuse 
or emarginate. 2 —Dry hills and 
open woods, Washington to Nevada 
and central California. 
9. Melica inflata (Boland.) Vasey. 
(Fig. 263.) Culms 60 to 100 cm. tall, 
has bulbous at base; sheaths glabrous or 
ei ee yy 2 pubescent; blades flat, 2.to 4 mm. 


198 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


10. Melica stricta Boland. Rock 
MELIC. (Fig. 264.) Culms 15 to 60 cm. 
tall, densely tufted, the base some- 
what thickened but not bulbous; 
sheaths scaberulous, sometimes pu- 


— SS 
= 


— = 


\ 


ff ) \ | ( 
/ SOG ! rN Y 


? N 

TS as WE LN yr e7 CY 
SAY a7 ZX =p 

A SEA 
te! ( 


FIGURE 262.—Melica fugax. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. 
(Vasey 9, Wash.) 


wide; panicle 15 to 20 cm. long, nar- 
row, the rather distant branches, or 
some of them, stiffly ascending- 
spreading in anthesis, the lower as 
much as 5 cm. long; spikelets some- 
what inflated, 12 to 20 mm. long, pale 
green; glumes scabrous on the strong 
nerves; lemmas strongly nerved, sca- 
brous, acutish. °2)°° — California 
(Yosemite National Park and Mount 
Shasta), Washington (Chelan Coun- hg 

ty, the sheaths mae blades pubescent), 7107" OFM a essa: Cale te 


199 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


fi 


) 


7 


Ve 


( 
WY 


N 
\ ‘ 


‘ 


\ 
\ 
\ 


y 


y 


Figure 265.—Melica porteri. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. 
(Shear 726, Colo.) 


—Rocky 


slopes and banks, at medium alti- 


2 


; panicle narrow, simple or 
with 1 or 2 short branches at base; 


spikelets 12 to 16 mm. long, 4- or 5- 
on capillary pedicels, falling entire; 
glumes thin, shining, nearly as long as 
the spikelet; lemmas faintly nerved, 


wide, scabrous, pubescent on the up- 
scabrous, and obtuse. 


bescent; blades mostly 1 to 3 mm. 
flowered, broadly V-shaped, reflexed 


per surface 


Figure 264.—Melica stricta. Plant, X 1; floret, x 5. 
(Swallen 720, Calif.) 


200 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 266.—Melica mutica. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Chase 3695, Va.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


201 


( 
i 


Figure 267.—Melica nitens. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. (McDonald 15, Ill.) 


tudes, Utah and Nevada to Oregon 
(Steins Mountains), the Sierras, and 
the mountains of southern California. 

11. Melica portéri Scribn. PortErR 
MELIC. (Fig. 265.) Culms 50 to 100 
em. tall, tufted; sheaths smooth or 
scabrous; blades 2 to 5 mm. wide; 
panicle green or tawny, narrow, l- 
sided, 15 to 20 cm. long, the branches 
short, appressed, few-flowered; spike- 
lets 10 to 15 mm. long, 4- or 5-flow- 
ered, narrow, reflexed on capillary 
pubescent pedicels, falling entire; 
glumes half to two-thirds as long as 
the spikelet; lemmas with 5 strong 
nerves and several faint ones, sca- 
berulous. 2 = —Canyons, open 
woods, and moist places, mostly at 
2,000 to 3,000 m., Colorado and Texas 
to Arizona; Mexico. 

MELICA PORTERI var. LAXA Boyle. 
Panicles open, the branches 4 to 9 cm. 
long, spreading to ascending, the 
glumes often purplish. 2 —Rocky 
slopes, Chisos Mountains, Tex., to 
Arizona. Resembles M. nitens, but 
blades narrower, spikelets 4- or 5- 
flowered, and rudiment slender. 

12. Melica mutica Walt. Two- 
FLOWER MELIC. (Fig. 266.) Culms 60 
to 100 cm. tall, erect, loosely tufted; 
sheaths scabrous or somewhat pubes- 
cent; blades flat, 2 to 5 mm. wide; 
panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, nearly 
simple, with 1 to few short, spreading, 


few-flowered branches below; spike- 
lets broad, pale, 7 to 10 mm. long, 
usually 2-flowered, the florets spread- 
ing, pendulous on slender pedicels, 
pubescent at the summit, the spike- 
lets falling entire; glumes nearly as 
long as the spikelet; lemmas scaberu- 
lous, strongly nerved, the two florets 
about the same height; rudiment ob- 
conic. 2  —Rich or rocky woods, 
Maryland to Iowa, south to Florida 
and Texas. 

13. Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. 
THREE-FLOWER MELIC. (Fig. 267.) 
Resembling M. mutica; on the aver- 
age culms taller; sheaths glabrous or 
scabrous; blades 7 to 15 mm. wide; 
panicle more compound with several 
spreading branches; glumes shorter 
than the usually 3-flowered narrower 
spikelet; apex of the second floret a 
little higher than that of the first; 
lemmas acute; rudiment mostly 
minute. 2 —Rocky woods, Penn- 
sylvania to Iowa and Kansas, south 
to Virginia, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and 
Texas. 

14. Melica monteziimae Piper. 
(Fig. 268.) Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, 
erect, tufted; sheaths scaberulous; 
ligule thin, 5 to 10 mm. long; blades 
flat or subinvolute, 2 to 3 mm. wide; 
panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, the branches 
simple or nearly so, distant, the lower 
5 to 8 cm, long, spreading to ascend- 


202 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGuRE 268.—Melica montezumae. Panicle, X 1; spikelet, X 5. (Pringle 430, Mexico.) 


ing; spikelets pale; falling entire, 7 to 
8 mm. long, more or less pendulous on 
filiform pedicels; glumes exceeding 
the florets, hyaline toward the sum- 
mit, the first 4 mm. broad, expanded 
at maturity, the second slghtly 
shorter and narrower; fertile floret 1, 


the lemma scabrous, strongly nerved 
and with a few flat twisted gold- 
en hairs about the middle; rudiment 
obconic. 2 —Shaded mountain 
slopes and canyons, Pecos and Brew- 
ster Counties, Tex., and northern 
Mexico. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 203 


15. Melica torreyana Scribn. Tor- 
REY MELIC. (Fig. 269.) Culms 30 to 
100 cm. tall, ascending from a loose 
decumbent not bulbous base; blades 
lax, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle narrow, 
rather loose, 8 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches more or less fascicled, ap- 
pressed or ascending, the lower fas- 
cicles distant; spikelets 4 to 6 mm. 
long, with 1 or 2 perfect florets and a 
minute obovoid, long-stiped rudi- 
ment; glumes strongly nerved, as long 
as the spikelet or nearly so; lemmas 
pubescent, subacute. 2 —Thick- 
ets and banks at low altitudes, central 
California, especially in the bay 
region. 


Figure 269.—Melica torreyana. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Chase 5686, Calif.) 


16. Melica imperfécta Trin. Cati- 
FORNIA MELIC. (Fig. 270.) Resembling 
M. torreyana; culms erect or ascend- 
ing; the base sometimes decumbent or 
stoloniferous; panicle 5 to 30 cm. long, 
the lower branches commonly ascend- 


fe 
AWW |B LZ 
= N! N VY Y PLE 
yg \ WG RZ 
‘ Vy YL Ze 
xt Wy FS 
(S/N ae 
PUNY IZ 
WA — 
We 
NY 5 
NY Xi 
AINE 
aN i y i WW? 4 
SSM 7 


NY 


Figure 270.—Melica imperfecta. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Elmer 4710, Calif.) 


ing to spreading; spikelets usually 
with 1 perfect floret and an oblong, 
short-stiped rudiment appressed to 
the palea; glumes indistinctly nerved; 
lemma a little longer than the glumes, 
glabrous, indistinctly nerved, obtuse. 
2 —Dry open woods and rocky 
hillsides, at low and medium altitudes, 
central and southern California, es- 
pecially in the Coast Ranges; Baja 
California. 

A few forms have been distin- 
guished as varieties. 

MELICA IMPERFECTA Var. REFRACTA 
Thurb. Lower branches of panicle 
spreading or reflexed; blades pubes- 
cent. 2 —Southern California. 
MELICA IMPERFECTA var. FLEXUOSA 
Boland. Like the preceding but blades 
glabrous. 2 —Central and south- 
ern California. MELICA IMPERFECTA 
var. MINOR Scribn. Culms less than 30 
cm. tall; blades glabrous, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide. 2 —Southern California. 

17. Melica frutéscens Scribn. (Fig. 
271.) Culms 0.75 to 2 m. tall, spar- 
ingly branching, rather woody below, 
not bulbous at base; sheaths  re- 
trorsely scabrous; blades rather firm, 
2 to 4 mm. wide, those of the innova- 


204 


Zl: 


ZE=SF 
z= 


— 


LZ 


LZ 


Figure 271.— Melica Figure 272.—Melica cali- 
frutescens. Plant, X fornica. Plant, X 1; floret, 
1; floret, X 5. (Munz, xX 5. (Hoffman 37, Calif.) 
Johnston, and Har- 
wood 41438, Calif.) 


tions, 1 to 2 mm. wide, subinvolute; 
panicle silvery-shining, narrow, rather 
dense, 10 to 30 cm. long, the branches 
short, appressed; spikelets  short- 
pediceled, 12 to 15 mm. long; glumes 
nearly as long as the spikelet, promi- 
nently 5-nerved; lemmas subacute, 
faintly 7-nerved. 2 Hills and 
canyons, at low and medium alti- 
tudes, Arizona and southern Cali- 
fornia (Inyo County and _ south- 
ward); Baja California. 

18. Melica californica Scribn. (Fig. 
272.) Culms 60 to 120 em. tall, the 
base usually decumbent, often more 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


or less bulbous; sheaths glabrous or 
pubescent, the lower persistent, brown 
and shredded; blades 1 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, rather dense, 
10 to 20 cm. long, tawny to purplish, 
not silvery; spikelets short-pediceled, 
10 to 12 mm. long (rarely shorter) 
with 2 to 4 florets besides the rudi- 
ment; glumes scaberulous, a little 
shorter than the spikelets; lemmas 
rather prominently 7-nerved, sca- 
berulous, subacute to obtuse, often 
emarginate. 2 (WM. bulbosa Geyer 
ex Thurb., not M. bulbosa of this 
work.)—Mountain meadows’ and 
rocky woods, at low and medium 
altitudes, Oregon (Malheur County) 
and California. 

MELICA CALIFORNICA var. NEVA- 
DENSIS Boyle. Spikelets mostly 2- 
flowered, 7 to 8 mm. long, the glumes 
about equaling the upper floret. 2 
—TIn the lower Sierra Nevada, Cali- 
fornia. 


Metica attissmmA L. Tall perennial; 
blades 15 to 20 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, dense, tawny to purple; 
spikelets about 12 mm. long; glumes and 
lemmas broad, papery. 2 —Sometimes 
cultivated for ornament. Eurasia. 

Me ica cruiAtTa L. Panicle pale, narrow, 
condensed, silky. 2 Occasionally cul- 
tivated for ornament. Europe. 


31. SCHIZACHNE Hack. 


Spikelets several-flowered, disartic- 
ulating above the glumes and _ be- 
tween the florets, the rachilla gla- 
brous; glumes unequal, 3- and 5- 
nerved; lemmas lanceolate, strongly 
7-nerved, long-pilose on the callus, 
awned from just below the teeth of 
the prominently bifid apex; palea 
with softly pubescent, thickened sub- 
marginal keels, the hairs longer toward 
the summit. Rather tall perennial 
with simple culms and open rather 
few-flowered panicle. Type species, 
Schizachne fauriei Hack. (S. pur- 
purascens). Name from Greek schi- 
zein, to split, and achne, chaff, al- 
luding to the b fid lemma. 

1. Schizachne purpurascens 
(Torr). Swallen. Fase ME.Ic. (Fig. 
273.) Culms erect from a loosely tufted 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 205 


Figure 273.—Schizachne purpurascens. Plant, X 4%; lemma, palea, and caryopsis, X 5. (Chase 7444, N. Y.) 


206 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 274.—Vaseyochloa multinervosa. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Swallen 1854, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


decumbent base, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths closed; blades flat, narrowed 
at the base, 1 to 5 mm. wide; panicle 
about 10 cm. long, the branches 
single or in pairs, more or less droop- 
ing, bearing 1 or 2 spikelets; spike- 
lets 2 to 2.5 cm. long; glumes purplish, 
less than half as long as the spikelet; 
lemmas about 1 cm. long, the awn 
as long as the lemma or longer. 2 
(Melica striata Hitche.; M. pur- 
purascens Hitche.; Avena  torreyr 
Nash.)—Rocky woods, Newfound- 
land to southern Alaska, south to 
Maryland, Kentucky, South Dakota, 
and Montana, and in the mountains 
from British Columbia to New Mexi- 
co; Siberia and Japan. 


32. VASEYOCHLOA Hitche. 


Spikelets subterete or slightly com- 
pressed, several-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets, the joints very 
short; glumes rather firm, unequal, 
much shorter than the lemmas, the 
first 3- to 5-nerved, the second 7- to 
9-nerved; lemmas rounded on the 
back, firm, closely imbricate, 7- to 
9-nerved, broad, narrowed to an ob- 
tuse entire apex and with a stipelike 
hairy callus, pubescent on the lower 
part of the back and margins; palea 
shorter than the lemma, splitting at 
maturity, the arcuate keels strongly 
wing-margined; caryopsis concavo- 
convex, oval, black, the base of the 


207 


styles persistent as a 2-toothed crown. 
Slender perennial with elongate blades 
and somewhat open panicles. Type 
species, Vaseyochloa multinervosa. 
Named from Vasey and Greek, chloa, 
erass. 

1. Vaseyochloa multinervosa (Va- 
sey) Hitche. (Fig. 274.) Culms erect, 
loosely tufted, 40 to 100 cm. tall, 
with slender rhizomes; sheaths sca- 
berulous, pilose at the throat; blades 
flat to loosely involute, 1 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, loose, 5 to 20 
em. long, the branches few, at first 
appressed, later spreading, the lower 
as much as 8 ecm. long, bearing a 
few spikelets from about the middle; 
spikelets 12 to 18 mm. long, 6- to 
12-flowered, purple-tinged; glumes 
acute, the first narrow, 4 mm. long, 
the second broad, 5 mm. long; lem- 
mas narrowed to an obtuse point, 
about 6 mm. long, the nerves be- 
coming rather obscure toward ma- 
turity; grain 2.5 to 3 mm. long, 1.5 
to 2 mm. wide, deeply concave on 
the ventral side. 2 (Melica multi- 
nervosa Vasey; Distichlis multinervosa 
Piper.)—Sandy open woods or open 
ground, southeastern Texas; rare. 
The rhizomes appear to break off 
readily, most herbarium specimens 
being without them. 


32A. ECTOSPERMA Swallen 
(See pp. 860, 995) 


33. TRIDENS Roem. and Schult. 
(Included in Triodia R. Br. in Manual, ed. 1.) 


Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes 
and between the florets; glumes membranaceous, often thin, nearly equal in 
length, the first sometimes narrower, 1-nerved, the second rarely 3- to 5- 
nerved, acute to acuminate; lemmas broad, rounded on the back, the apex 
from minutely emarginate or toothed to deeply and obtusely 2-lobed, 3-nerved, 
the lateral nerves near the margin, the midnerve usually excurrent between 
the lobes as a minute point or as a short awn, the lateral nerves often excurrent 
as minute points, all the nerves pubescent below (subglabrous in | species), the 
lateral nerves sometimes conspicuously so throughout; palea broad, the 2 
nerves near the margin, sometimes villous; grain concavo-convex. Erect, 
tufted perennials, rarely rhizomatous or stoloniferous, the blades usually 
flat, the inflorescence an open to contracted or capitate panicle. Type species, 


208 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


T. quinguifidus Roem. and Schult. (7. flavus). Name from Latin, tria, thrice, 
and dens, tooth, referring to the 3-toothed lemma. 

In general the species of T’rzdens are of little importance economically, 
T’. grandiflorus, T. elongatus, and T. pilosus being the most useful on the range. 
Tridens pulchellus is often abundant, but is not relished by stock, the little 


dry plants seldom being eaten. 


la, Panicle capitate, exceeded by fascicles of leaves; low creeping plants. 
1 


T. PULCHELLUS. 


1b. Panicle exserted, open or spikelike; plants not creeping. 
2a. Panicle open, or loose, not dense or spikelike. 


Pedicels of the lateral spikelets less than’ 1 mm, long2 282. passer Sal: 


AMBIGUUS. 


Pedicels all slender, more than 1 mm. long (some short in 7’. buckleyanus). 


Lateral nerves not excurrent. 


Spikelets not more than 5 mm. long; lemmas 2 mm. long. 


9. T. ERAGROSTOIDES. 


Spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long............ 6. T. BUCKLEYANUS. 
Lateral nerves excurrent as short points. 
Rhizomes developed, scaly and creeping..................------------ 7. T. CAROLINIANUS. 


Rhizomes wanting. 


Panicle 5 to 15 cm. long; blades 1 to 3 mm. wide.................. 13. T. TEXANUS. 
Panicle 15 to 30 cm. long, the branches viscid; blades 3 to 10 mm. wide. 
Panicle rather dense, the branches narrowly ascending, floriferous nearly to 
1 


thevbase ttc tis! Gee eas 


T. OKLAHOMENSIS. 


Panicle open, the branches widely spreading, loosely flowered, naked at the 


base. 


Panicle erect, the branches stiffly spreading; pulvini hairy, extending en- 
12 


tirely around the base of the branches... 


T. CHAPMANI. 


Panicle drooping; pulvini confined to the upper surface at the base of the 


branchestiers ts: there 


he Wie. (ran Ue ene Fear oa: knew 10:, (Ee rrAvus: 


2b. Panicle narrow, contracted or spikelike, the branches appressed. (See also 7’. caro- 


linianus.) 


Panicle dense, oval or oblong, mostly less than 10 cm. long. 


Lemmas deeply 2-lobed. 


Lobes of lemma 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long, firm, scarcely shining; awn longer than the 
lobes; panicles mostly oval, not more than 6 cm. long, usually less, often pur- 
2. 


ple tinged Sent NS are oe elie ee 


T. GRANDIFLORUS. 


Lobes of lemma 1 to 1.5 mm. long, obtuse, thin, shining; awn scarcely longer than 


the lobes; panicles oblong, 5 to 8 cm. long, very dense, tawny. 
3 


Lemmas minutely notched, not lobed. 


T. NEALLEYI. 


Panicle 1 to 2 cm. long; lemma margins densely long-ciliate; palea half as long as 
4 


thetlemmai ah ea ees 


T. PILOSUS. 


Panicle 4 to 10 em. long; lemma margins short-pilose near base; palea about as long 


aswhe lemma. ee ee eee 


T.. CONGESTUS. 


Panicle slender, spikelike (long and dense in 7’. strictus). 


Lemmas glabrous. Panicle whitish........ 


Lemmas pilose on the margins. 


Lemmas mucronate; panicle dense... 


5 aa 8 Sy Ie anh 15. T. ALBESCENS. 


14. T. stTRIcTUS. 


Lemmas not mucronate (rarely lowest lemma obscurely so); panicle not dense. 
Glumes acuminate, longer than the lowest floret, the second 3-nerved; blades 
mostly flat, some of them 2 to 4 mm. wide.................. 17. T. ELONGATUS. 
Glumes obtuse, short, the second 1-nerved; blades mostly folded or involute, 


mostly about 1 mm. wide...... 


1. Tridens pulchéllus (H. B. K.) 
Hitche. FLurrerass. (Fig. 275.) Low, 
tufted, usually not more than 15 em. 
high; culms slender, scabrous. or 
puberulent, consisting of 1 long inter- 
node, bearing at the top a fascicle 
of narrow leaves, the fascicle finally 
bending over to the ground, taking 
root and producing other culms, the 


OAL Hs OA EL 0S A LOe ol 


MUTICUS. 


fascicles also producing the inflo- 
rescence; sheaths striate, papery-mar- 
gined, pilose at base; blades involute, 
short, scabrous, sharp-pointed; pan- 
icle capitate, usually not exceeding 
the blades of the fascicle, consisting 
of 1 to 5 nearly sessile relatively 
large white woolly spikelets; glumes 


209 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(‘zIIy ‘LIGG asBYyO) “¢ X ‘JoIOH pus jopeyIds $3 K ‘quel_ ‘snpjayojnd suapi4[—' CLG AMAL 


210 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 276.—Tridens grandiflorus. Plant, X %; 
floret, X 5. (Eggleston 10973, Ariz.) 


glabrous, subequal, broad, acuminate, 
awn-pointed, 6 to 8 mm. long, nearly 
as long as the spikelet; lemmas 4 
mm. long, conspicuously long-pilose 
below, cleft about halfway, the awn 
scarcely exceeding the obtuse lobes, 
divergent at maturity. 2 (Dasyo- 
chloa pulchella Willd.)—Mesas and 
rocky hills, especially in arid or semi- 
arid regions, Texas to Nevada and 
southern California to southern Mexi- 
CO. 
2. Tridens grandiflorus (Vasey) 
Woot. and Standl. LAarGE-FLOWERED 
TRIDENS. (Fig. 276.) Culms tufted, 
erect or geniculate below, 10 to 50 
cm. tall, often pubescent at the nodes; 
blades flat or folded, rather firm, 
white-margined, appressed-pubescent, 
1 to 2 mm. wide, those of the culm 
less than 10 em. long; panicle dense, 
oblong, «purplish, 2 to 6 cm. long, 
cleistogamous spikelets borne in the 
lower sheaths; spikelets 4- to 8-flow- 
ered, 5 to 12 mm. long; glumes acu- 
minate, about as long as the first 
floret; lemmas 4 to 6 mm. long, con- 
spicuously long-pilose on the margins, 


densely pilose on the back below, 
deeply lobed, the awn as long as the 
lobes, or exceeding them. 2 — 
Rocky slopes, western Texas to south- 
ern Arizona and northern Mexico. 
This has been referred to Triodia 
avenacea H. B. K., a Mexican species 
with stolons and smaller purple 
panicles. 

3. Tridens néalleyi (Vasey) Woot. 
and Standl. (Fig. 277.) Culms erect, 
20 to 40 cm., or sometimes as much 
as 60 cm., tall, glabrous or the lower 
internodes pilose, at least some of the 
nodes, especially the lower ones, con- 
spicuously bearded; leaves mostly 
crowded at the base in a dense 
cluster, the culm leaves rather dis- 
tant; blades firm, flat or conduplicate, 
with thick white midnerve and mar- 
gins, pilose on both surfaces, 5 to 
10 cm. long, about 2 mm. wide, the 
uppermost usually reduced; panicles 
4 to 6 cm. long, pale, very densely 
flowered, the individual spikelets ob- 
scured; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; 
glumes equal, acuminate, as long as 
or somewhat shorter than the spike- 
let; lemmas 4 to 6 mm. long, the 
lobes broad, hyaline, obtuse, more or 
less erose, spreading at maturity; 
awn as long as or only slightly ex- 
ceeding the lobes of the lemma. 2 
—Rocky slopes, southwestern Texas 
and New Mexico (Las Cruces); 
northern Mexico. 


Figure 277.—Tridens nealleyi. Floret, X 5. (Nealley 
153 hex.) 


4. Tridens pilosus (Buckl.) Hitche. 
Harry TRIDENS. (Fig. 278.) Culms 
erect, densely tufted, 10 to 30 cm. 
tall, usually only 1 node showing, 
the tufts easily pulled up; sheaths 
pilose at the throat; blades 1 to 1.5 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES el 


mm. wide, flat or folded, mostly in 
a short basal cluster, somewhat pilose, 
the margins thick, white, the culm 
blades 1 to 2 cm. long; panicle long- 
exserted, ovoid, 1 to 2 cm. long, 
pale or purplish, of 3 to 10 large 
short-pediceled spikelets; spikelets 6- 
to 12-flowered, 1 to.1.5 cm. long, 
compressed, glumes about two-thirds 
as long as the lower florets; lemmas 
about 6 mm. long, densely pilose 
toward the base, pilose on the margin 
toward the tip, acute, minutely 2- 


toothed, the awn 1 to 2 mm. long; . 


palea half as long as the lemma, 
pilose on the back and margins below. 

2 (Triodia acuminata Vasey; Tri- 
cuspis pilosa Nash; Erioneuron pilo- 
sum Nash.)—Plains and rocky hills, 
western Kansas to Nevada, south to 
Texas, Arizona, and central Mexico. 

5. Tridens congéstus (L. H. Dewey) 
Nash. (Fig. 279.) Culms erect, tufted, 
30 to 60 cm. tall; blades flat, 2 to 3 


Figure 278.—Tridens pilosus. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Griffiths 6427, Tex.) 


WY 


5 


c<s N 
; A 


SS 


LX 


SN 
~~ 
SS 
J 2 
q 


y % 
af SEY Yor 
Kae KK SIE, <= 
Wa SS — WSS s 
WAN Ws) 4 y 


Figure 279.—Tridens congestus. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
xX 5. (Tracy 8879, Tex.) 


mm. wide, tapering to a fine point; 
panicle mostly dense, pale or pinkish, 
4 to 10 em. long, sometimes inter- 
rupted below; spikelets rather tur- 
gid, 6- to 12-flowered, 5 to 10 mm. 
long; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, broad, 
obtuse, short-pilose on the midnerve 
and margin below, the apex slightly 
notched, the awn less than 1 mm. 
long; palea about as long as the lem- 
ma, broad, abruptly bowed out be- 
low. 2 —Sandy or dry plains, 
southern Texas. 

6. Tridens buckleyanus (L. H. 
Dewey) Nash. (Fig. 280.) Culms 
erect, tufted, 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
sheaths scaberulous, sometimes 
sparsely pilose; blades flat, 1 to 3 mm. 
wide, tapering to a fine point; panicle 
10 to 20 cm. long, the few branches 
distant, ascending to spreading, as 
much as 7 cm. long; spikelets pale to 
dark purple, -short-pediceled, ap- 
pressed, rather few and somewhat dis- 
tant along the simple branches, 3- to 


212 


W. 


Figure 280.—Tridens buckleyanus. Panicle, X 1; 


floret, X 5. (Tharp 2996, Tex.) 


d-flowered, 6 to 8 mm. long; glumes 
slightly shorter than the lower florets; 
lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, pubescent on 
the callus and on the lower two-thirds 
of the midnerve and margin, the apex 
obtuse, entire, the midnerve not or 


X 5. (Bartlett 3224, Ala.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


scarcely excurrent; palea a little 
shorter than the lemma, pubescent 
along the margins; grain elliptic, 3 
mm. long. 2 —Rocky wooded 
slopes, southern Texas. 

7. Tridens carolinianus (Steud.) 
Henr. (Fig. 281.) Culms. slender, 
erect, 1 to 1.5,m. tall, with creeping 
scaly rhizomes; lower sheaths pubes- 
cent; blades flat, elongate, 2 to 7 mm. 
wide; panicle purplish, narrow, rather 
loose, nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches appressed or narrowly as- 
cending ; spikelets short-pediceled, 3- 
to 5-flowered, 7 to 10 mm. long; 
glumes broad, mucronate from a 
notched apex; lemmas about 5 mm. 
long, pilose on the callus and on the 
lower half of the midnerve and mar- 
gins, the summit lobed, the 3 nerves 
excurrent less than 1 mm.; palea gla- 
brous, a little shorter than the lemma, 
bowed out below. 2 (Triodia 
drummondii Scribn. and Kearn., 
Tridens drummondit Nash.)—Sandy 
woods, Coastal Plain, South Carolina 
to Florida and Louisiana. 

8. Tridens ambiguus (EIll.) Schult. 
(Fig. 282.) Culms slender, erect, 60 to 
100 em. tall; lower sheaths glabrous; 
blades flat or loosely involute, 1 to 5 
mm. wide; panicle open, ovoid, pale 
or purplish, 8 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches ascending, 3 to 8 cm. long; 
spikelets on pedicels less than 1 mm. 
long along the simple branches, 4- to 
7-flowered, 4 to 6 mm. long, nearly as 
broad, the florets crowded; glumes 
broad, subacute; lemmas 3 to 4 mm. 
long, mucronate from a minutely 
lobed apex, the lateral nerves scarcely 
or barely exserted, pilose on the mid- 
nerve and margins on the lower half; 
palea nearly as long as the lemma, the 
keels bowed out below. 2 (Triodia 
langloistt (Nash) Bush.)—Wet pine 
barrens, on the coast, South Carolina 
to Florida and Texas. 

9. Tridens eragrostoides (Vasey 
and Scribn.) Nash. (Fig. 283.) Culms 
slender, erect, densely tufted, 50 to 
100 em. tall; blades flat, 1 to 4 mm. 
wide, setaceous-tipped; panicle open, 
10 to 30 cm. long, the branches rather 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


distant, slender, flexuous, spreading 
or drooping, 5 to 15 cm. long, nearly 
simple, rather few-flowered; spikelets 
on slender pedicels 1 to 10 mm. long, 
oblong, mostly 6- to 10-flowered, 
scarcely 5 mm. long; glumes acumi- 
nate; lemmas about 2 mm. long, ob- 
tuse, obscurely pubescent along the 
midnerve on the lower half, the mar- 
gins pubescent, the midnerve min- 
utely excurrent. 2 —Dry ground 
among shrubs, Florida Keys, Texas, 
Arizona, and northern Mexico; Cuba. 

10. Tridens flavus (L.) Hitche. 
Purpuetop. (Fig. 284.) Culms erect, 
tufted, 1 to 1.5 m. tall; basal sheaths 
compressed-keeled; blades elongate, 
3 to 10 mm. wide, very smooth; pan- 
icle open, 15 to 35 cm. long, usually 
purple or finally nearly black, rarely 
yellowish, the branches distant, 
spreading to drooping, naked below, 
as much as 15 cm. long, with slender 
divergent branchlets, the axils pubes- 
cent, the axis, branches, branchlets, 
and pedicels viscid; spikelets oblong, 
mostly 6- to 8-flowered, 5 to 8 mm. 
long; glumes subacute, mucronate; 
lemmas 4 mm. long, obtuse, pubes- 
cent on the callus and lower half of 
keel and margins, the 3 nerves excur- 
rent; palea a little shorter than the 
lemma, somewhat bowed out below. 
A (Tricuspis seslerioides 'Torr.)— 
Old fields and open woods, New 
Hampshire to Nebraska, south to 
Florida and Texas. The type specimen 
is the rare form with yellowish pan- 
icle. In some Florida specimens the 
excurrent nerves of the lemma are as 
much as | mm. long. 

11. Tridens oklahoménsis (Feath.) 
Feath. (Fig. 285.) Culms 120 to 150 
em. tall, densely tufted, stout, erect, 
more or less viscid, especially at and 
below the nodes; blades to 60 cm. long 
and 12 mm. wide, flat, glabrous or 
sparsely pilose on the upper surface 
at the base; panicles terminal and ax- 
illary, purple, the terminal ones 20 to 
25 em. long, the long branches nar- 
rowly ascending, floriferous nearly to 
the base; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, 


213 


SS 


i 
Zi F 
Nyy 
—<. 
We 

\\\ 


Vibe 


Ia 


Figure 282.—Tridens ambiguus. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
x 5. (Curtiss 5020, Fla.) 


7- to 9-flowered, short-pediceled; 
glumes equal, acute, about 4 mm. 
long; lowest lemma 4 mm. long. 2 


—Wet meadows, near Stillwater, 
Okla. 
12. Tridens chapmani (Small) 


Chase. (Fig. 286.) Culms 60 to 160 
cm. tall, slender or occasionally rather 


FIGuRE 283.—Tridens eragrostoides. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of floret, X 5. (Swallen 1471, Tex.) 


coarse; lower leaves crowded toward 
the base, the sheaths narrow, spread- 
ing from the culm, keeled, glabrous, 
densely villous on the collar; blades 
flat or loosely rolled, elongate, atten- 
uate, 3 to 7 mm. wide, narrowed 
toward the base; panicles 15 to 25 
cm. long, usually erect, the branches 


214 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 284.—Tridens flavus. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Dewey 350, Va.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


and branchlets stiffly spreading, the 
bases of the principal ones surrounded 
by glandular hairy pulvini; spikelets 
long-pediceled, divergent, 7 to 10 mm. 
long, pale or purple-tinged. 2 — 
Dry pine and oakwoods, New Jersey, 
Virginia, Missouri, and Oklahoma, 
south to Florida and Texas. 

13. Tridens texanus (S. Wats.) 
Nash. (Fig. 287.) Culms erect, densely 
tufted, 20 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths pu- 
bescent at throat and on the collar; 
blades flat or subinvolute, 1 to 4 mm. 
wide, tapering to a slender point; pan- 
icle open, 5 to 15 em. long, nodding, 
the branches rather distant, flexuous, 
drooping, few-flowered; spikelets ob- 
long, 6- to 10-flowered, 6 to 10 mm. 
long, rather turgid, pink or purplish, 
more or less nodding on short pedicels; 
glumes broad, acute to obtuse; lem- 
mas 4 to 5mm. long, obtuse, minutely 
lobed, the margins densely pilose near 
the base, the keel glabrous or sparsely 
pilose below, the 3 nerves short- 


215 


Figure 286.—Tridens chapmani. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Harper 1714, Ga.) 


excurrent; palea about as long as the 
lemma, strongly bowed out at base. 
2| —Plains and dry slopes, central 
and southern Texas, and northern 
Mexico. 

14. Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash. 
(Fig. 288.) Culms rather stout, erect, 
1 to 1.5 m. tall; blades elongate, flat 
or loosely involute, 3 to 8 mm. wide; 
panicle dense, spikelike, more or less 


interrupted below, narrowed above, 
10 to 30 em. long; spikelets short- 
pediceled, 4- to 6-flowered, about 5 
mm. long, the florets closely imbri- 
cate; glumes as long as the spikelet, or 
nearly so, the apex spreading, the keel 
glandular viscid toward maturity; 
lemmas about 3 mm. long, obtuse, the 
keel and margins pilose on the lower 
half to two-thirds, the midnerve ex- 


216 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 287.—Tridens texanus. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Wooton, Tex.) 


EZ 


] 
— Zi LZ 
ie) Ale 
RM Bie 


SAA 
WME 
y WNEZ 


7 
MN 


aA 
\ 


\\ 


SO a =e 
) NN \ 


FIGURE 288.—Tridens stric- 
tus. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of floret, X 5. 
(Newton, Kans.) 


current as a minute awn; palea about 
as long as the lemma, short-ciliate on 
the sharp keels, not strongly bowed 
out. 2 (Tricuspis stricta A. Gray.) 
—Low moist ground and low woods, 


Illinois and Kansas to North Caro- 
lina, Alabama, and Texas. 

15. Tridens albéscens (Vasey) 
Woot. and Standl. WHITE TRIDENS. 
(Fig. 289.) Culms erect, tufted, 30 to 
80 cm. tall; blades flat to loosely in- 
volute, elongate, 2 to 4 mm. wide, 
tapering to a fine point; panicle nar- 
row, rather dense, greenish to nearly 
white, 10 to 20 cm. long; spikelets 
short-pediceled, 8- to 12-flowered, 5 
to 7 mm. long, the florets closely im- 
bricate; glumes a little longer than the 
first lemma, subacute; lemmas 3 mm. 
long, obscurely pubescent on the cal- 
lus, otherwise glabrous, obtuse, the 
midnerve minutely or not at all excur- 
rent; palea a little shorter than the 
lemma, bowed out below. 2 
(Rhombolytrum albescens Nash.)— 
Plains and open woods, Kansas and 
Colorado to Texas and New Mexico; 
northern Mexico. 


Figure 289.—Tridens albescens. Panicle, X 1; two 


views of floret, X 5. (Ball 1652, Tex.) 


16. Tridens miticus (Torr.) Nash. 
SLIM TRIDENS. (Fig. 290.) Culms 
slender, densely tufted, 30 to 50 cm. 
tall; sheaths and blades scaberulous, 
the sheaths usually loosely pilose, 
more densely so at the summit; blades 
flat or subinvolute, 1 to 3 mm. wide, 
sometimes sparsely pilose; panicle 
narrow, rather dense, interrupted, the 
branches short, appressed; spikelets 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


6- to 8-flowered, about 1 cm. long, 
pale to purplish, nearly terete; glumes 
scaberulous, about as long as the 
lower florets; lemmas about 5 mm. 
long, densely pilose on the lower half 
of the nerves and on the callus, ob- 
tuse, entire or minutely notched, the 
midnerve not exserted; palea half or 
two-thirds as long as the lemma, 
densely pilose on the keels and puber- 
ulent on the back. 2 —Plains and 
rocky slopes, Texas to southeastern 
California, north to Nevada and 
Utah; Mexico. 


Y < My \ go 
Sih, JB 
SS Minsk \AB 
Ss) i ZEEE 

gS 24 

Si Volz 
; NZ 


Wt 


“y 
Lf 


/ 


Figure 290.—Tridens mu- 
ticus. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of floret, xX 5. 
(Chase 5902, Tex.) 


17. Tridens 


(Buckl.) 
Nash. RouGH TrRIDENS. (Fig. 291.) 
Culms erect, tufted, 40 to 80 cm. tall; 


elongatus 


217 


Fieure 291.—Tridens elonga- 
tus. Panicle, X 1; two views 
of floret, X 5. (Ball 1535, 

) 


ex. 


sheaths and blades scaberulous, some- 
times sparsely pilose, the blades 
mostly flat, 2 to 4 mm. wide, tapering 
to a fine point; panicle elongate; erect, 
pale or purple-tinged, loosely flow- 
ered, 10 to 25 cm. long, the branches 
rather distant, appressed, scarcely or 
not at all overlapping; spikelets sim- 
ilar to those of 7’. muticus, the glumes 
longer, the hairs on the florets not so 
long. 2 (Tricuspis elongata Nash.) 
—Plains, sandy prairies, and rocky 
slopes, Missouri to Colorado, Texas, 
and Arizona. 


34. TRIPLASIS Beauv. 


Spikelets few-flowered, V-shaped, the florets remote, the rachilla slender, 
disarticulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes nearly 
equal, smooth, l-nerved, acute; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, 2-lobed, the nerves 
parallel, silky-villous, the lateral pair near the margin, the midnerve excurrent 
as an awn, as long as the lobes or longer; palea shorter than the lemma, the 
keels densely long-villous on the upper half. Slender tufted annuals or peren- 
nials, with short blades, short, open, few-flowered, purple, terminal panicles and 
cleistogamous narrow panicles in the axils of the leaves. Both species have, in 
addition to the small panicles of cleistogamous spikelets in the upper sheaths, 
additional cleistogamous spikelets, usually reduced to a single large floret, at 
the bases of the lower sheaths. The culms break at the nodes, the mature 


218 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cleistogenes remaining within the sheaths. Type species, Trzplasis americana. 
Name from Greek trzplaszos, triple, alluding to the awn and the two subulate 
lobes of the lemma. The species are of no importance except as they tend to 


hold sandy soil. 


Lobes of lemma not subulate-pointed; awn shorter than the lemma; annual. 
1 


T. PURPUREA. 


Lobes of lemma subulate-pointed; awn longer than the lemma; perennial. 


1. Triplasis purpairea (Walt.) 
Chapm. PurRPLE SANDGRASS. (Fig. 
292.) Annual, often purple; culms 
ascending to widely spreading, pubes- 
cent at the several to many nodes, 
30 to 100 cm. tall, rarely taller; 
blades flat or loosely involute, 1 to 3 
mm. wide, mostly 4 to 8 cm. long; 
panicle 3 to 5 cm. long, with few 
spreading few-flowered branches, the 
axillary more or less enclosed in the 
sheaths; spikelets short-pediceled, 2- 
to 4-flowered, 6 to 8 mm. long; lem- 
mas 3 to 4 mm. long, the lobes broad, 
rounded or truncate, the nerves and 
callus densely short-villous, the awn 
about as long as the lobes or some- 
what exceeding them; palea con- 
spicuously silky-villous on the upper 
half of the keels; grain about 2 mm. 
long. © —Dry sand, Ontario, 
Maine, and New MHampshire to 
Minnesota and Nebraska, south to 
Florida and Texas; Colorado (intro- 
duced?); Honduras. In autumnal 
culms the numerous short joints with 
sheaths swollen at the base, con- 
taining cleistogenes, are conspicuous. 
Plants with awns exceeding the lobes 
of the lemma have been differentiated 
as T. intermedia Nash. 

2. Triplasis americana Beauv. (Fig. 
293.) Perennial; culms slender, tufted, 
mostly erect, 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades 
flat or subinvolute, mostly 15 to 18 
em. long; panicle 2 to 5 em. long, the 
few slender ascending branches with 
1 or 2 spikelets; spikelets mostly 2- 
or 3-flowered, about 1 cm. long; lem- 
mas 5 to 6 mm. long, the lobes about 
half as long as the entire lemma, sub- 
ulate-pointed, the nerves with a nar- 
row stripe of silky hairs, the awn 5 
to 8 mm. long, pubescent below; 
keels of the palea long-villous, the 
hairs erect. 21 —Dry sand, Coast- 


2. T. AMERICANA. 


al Plain, North Carolina to Florida 
and Mississippi. 


35. NEOSTAPFIA Davy 
(Included in Anthochloa Nees in Manual, 
ed. 1) 

Spikelets few-flowered, subsessile, 
closely imbricate around a simple 
axis, the rachilla disarticulating be- 
tween the florets; glumes wanting; 
lemmas flabellate, prominently many- 
nerved; palea much narrower and a 
little shorter than the lemma, obtuse, 
hyaline. Low annual with loose 
sheaths merging into rather broad 
flat blades without definite junction 
and dense cylindric panicles, the axis 
prolonged beyond the spikelets, this 
portion naked or bearing small bracts. 
Type species, Neostapfia colusana. 
Named for Otto Stapf. (Distinguished 
from Anthochloa Nees, of the Andes, 
in which the axis is not prolonged, 
the short-pediceled spikelets have 
well-developed persistent glumes, the 
lemmas are not strongly nerved, and 
the sheaths and blades are distinctly 
differentiated. ) 

1. Neostapfia colusana (Davy) 
Davy. (Fig. 294.) Culms 7 to 30 cm. 
long, ascending from a decumbent 
base; leaves overlapping, loosely fold- 
ed around the culm, 5 to 10 cm. 
long, 6 to 12 mm. wide at the middle, 
tapering toward both ends, minutely 
ciliate, with raised viscid glands on 
the nerves and margins; panicles pale 
green, at first partly included, later 
short-exserted, 3 to 7 cm. long, 8 to 
12 mm. thick; spikelets usually 5- 
flowered, 6 to 7 mm. long; lemmas 
flabellate, very broad, 5 mm. long, 
ciliolate-fringed, the many nerves 
viscid-glandular at maturity. © 
(Anthochloa colusana (Davy) Scribn.) 
—Bordering rain pools on hard alkali 


219 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


a; 


292.—Triplasis purpurea. Plant, X 
spikelet, floret, and cleistogamous spikelet, X 5. 


(Commons 255, Del.) 


tire plant is thickly beset with minute 


raised viscid glands. 


FIGURE 


1S) 
feb) 
©. 
= 
eS) 
ca 
es} 
DD 
5 
er) 
= 
«8 
= 
a} 
are) 
oD 
M 
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) 
M 


Counties, Calif. At maturity the en- 


220 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


36. ORCUTTIA Vasey 


Spikelets several-flowered, the upper florets reduced, the rachilla con- 
tinuous, the spikelets persistent even after maturity; glumes nearly equal, 
shorter than the lemmas, broad, irregularly 2- to 5-toothed, many-nerved, 
the nerves extending into the teeth; lemmas firm, prominently 13- to 15- 
nerved, the broad summit toothed; palea broad, as long as the lemma. Low 
annuals with short culm blades, solitary spikes or spikelike racemes, the sub- 
sessile spikelets relatively large, the upper aggregate, the lower more or 
less remote. With the exception of O. greenez, the young plants produce 
elongate juvenile leaves before the development of the culms. Type species, 
Orcuttia californica. Named for C. R. Orcutt. 


iemmasawith /<to: 11 very *short*teeth= = see te ee i 
Lemmas with 5 relatively long acuminate or awn-tipped teeth. 

Racemes 2 to 5 cm. long, often capitate, the spikelets usually crowded toward the summit, 
remote toward the base; teeth of lemma unequal, the middle longer than the lateral 
ones; nerves of lemma relatively faint-_.............-..._------------------ 2. O. CALIFORNICA. 

Racemes 5 to 10 em. long, narrow, not capitate, the spikelets rather evenly distributed 
(the lower distant in O. tenuis); teeth of lemma equal; nerves of lemma prominent. 

Blades 1 to 2 mm. wide; spikelets mostly 2- to 10-flowered, glabrous..... 3. O. TENUIS. 
Blades 2 to 6 mm. wide; spikelets mostly 10- to 40-flowered, pilose........ 4, QO. PILOSA. 


O. GREENEI. 


1. Orcuttia greénei Vasey. (Fig. 
295.) Culms 15 to 20 em. tall, sub- 
erect; blades 2 to 3 cm. long, sub- 
involute; raceme 3 to 7 cm. long, 
pale; spikelets 10 to 15 mm. long, 
loosely papillose-pilose; glumes 4 to 
5 mm. long; lemmas 6 mm. long, the 
obtuse or truncate tip spreading, 7- 
to 11-toothed, the teeth mucronate 
but not awned. © —Moist open 
ground, Sacramento and San Joaquin 
Valleys, Butte and San Joaquin 
Counties, southeast to Tulare County, 
Calif. At maturity foliage and spike- 
lets minutely viscid-glandular. 

2. Orcuttia californica Vasey. (Fig. 
296.) Culms 5 to 15 cm. long, spread- 
ing with ascending ends, forming 


little mats; foliage thin, pilose, the 
sheaths loose, the blades 2 to 4 cm. 
long; raceme loose below, dense or 
subcapitate at the summit; spikelets 
8 to 12 mm. long, densely to sparsely 
pilose; glumes sharply toothed; lem- 
mas about 6 mm. long, deeply cleft 
into 5 awn-tipped teeth. The whole 
plant at maturity more or less viscid- 
glandular. © —Drying mud flats, 
near Murrietta, Riverside County, 
Calif.; Baja California. 

ORCUTTIA CALIFORNICA var. IN- 
AEQUALIS (Hoover) Hoover. Resem- 
bling the species, but differingin having 
usually shorter capitate inflorescences 


Figure 293.—Triplasis americana. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Curtiss 5570, Fla.) 


and unequally toothed lemmas; culms 
ascending or prostrate. Sacramento 
and San Joaquin Valleys, Sacramento 
to Tulare County, Calif. 


ORCUTTIA CALIFORNICA var. ViS-_ 


cipA Hoover. Plants very viscid; 
teeth of lemma awned, giving the 
capitate inflorescence a_ distinctly 
bristly appearance. Near the Sierra 
Nevada foothills, Sacramento County, 
Calif. 

3. Orcuttia ténuis Hitche. (Fig. 
297.) Culms in small tufts, slender, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


AAPL EE 
Sees LEER E = he os 
PRE SSE 
eNS SY, SAK 

Zz 

Z 

Zz 


Lr VE 
at 


221 


5 
™ 
SZ 

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Sy 


fens 
Dre 
RMB Ss 
= Z 
: Se s 
SSS 7 3 
SS 
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SS 


FiguRE 294.—WNeostapfia colusana. Plant, X 1%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


Figure 295.—Orcuttia FigurE 296.— Orcuttia 
greenet. Spikelet, X 5. californica. Panicle, 
(Type.) X 1; floret, X 5. 

(Munz 10804, Calif.) 


erect, 5 to 12 cm. tall; leaves mostly 
basal, the blades strongly nerved, 1 
to 2 cm. long; raceme more than 


half the entire height of the plant, 
the lower spikelets distant, the upper 
approximate but not crowded; spike- 
lets purple-tinged, 12 to 15 mm. long; 
glumes and lemmas scabrous, some- 
times with a few hairs toward the 
base of the lemmas; glumes 3 to 4 
mm. long, sharply toothed; lemmas 
5 mm. long, 5-toothed, the teeth 
acuminate, awn-tipped, the rigid tips 
spreading or slightly recurved. © 
—Beds of vernal pools, Shasta and 
Tehama Counties, east of the Sacra- 
mento River, Calif. 

4. Orcuttia pilosa Hoover. (Fig. 
298.) Culms densely tufted, 5 to 20 
cm. tall, erect or geniculate-decum- 
bent at base, viscid at maturity; 
sheaths and blades pilose or the 
blades nearly glabrous beneath; ra- 
cemes 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 10- 
to 40-flowered, appressed or some- 
what spreading, the upper crowded, 
the lower approximate; glumes about 
3 mm. long, irregularly 3-toothed; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


a) ay 
Fiegure 298. — Orcuttia 
pilosa. Plant, X 4%; 
} floret, X 5. (Hoover 
Figure 297.—Orcuttia tenuis. aot X %; spikelet and floret, X 5. 1298, Calif.) 


Type. 


2.5 to 3 mm. long. © —San Joa- 
quin Valley, Calif., from Stanislaus 
County to Madera County. 


lemmas 4 to 5 mm. long, the teeth 
equal, acute or awn-tipped, strongly 
viscid-glandular at maturity; anthers 


37. BLEPHARIDACHNE Hack. 


Spikelets compressed, 4-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the 
glumes, but not between the florets; glumes nearly equal, compressed, 1- 
nerved, thin, smooth; lemmas 3-nerved, the nerves extending into awns, 
deeply 3-lobed, conspicuously ciliate, the first and second sterile, containing 
a palea but no flower, the third fertile, the fourth reduced to a 3-awned rudi- 
ment. Low annuals or perennials, with short, dense, few-flowered panicles 
scarcely exserted from the subtending leaves. Type species, Blepharidachne 
kingwt. Name from Greek blepharis (blepharid-), eyelash, and achne, chaff, 
alluding to the ciliate lemma. 


Glumes a little longer than the florets, acuminate; foliage scaberulous.......... 1. B>-KINGI. 
Glumes a little shorter than the florets, subacute; foliage densely grayish harsh-puberulent. 
2. B. BIGELOVII. 


1. Blepharidachne kingii (S. Wats.) 


Hack. (Fig. 299.) Low tufted peren- 
nial with the aspect of Tvidens 
pulchellus, but not rooting at upper 
nodes; culms mostly less than 10 cm. 
tall; sheaths with broad hyaline 
margins; blades less than 1 mm. wide, 
involute, curved, sharp-pointed, 1 to 
3 cm. long; panicles subeapitate, pale 
or purplish, 1 to 2 em. long, exceeded 


by the upper blades; spikelets fla- 
bellate; glumes about 8 mm. long, 
acuminate, exceeding the florets; 
sterile lemmas about 6 mm. long, all 
the lemmas about the same height, 
long-ciliate on the margins, pilose at 
the base and on the callus, cleft 
nearly to the middle, the lateral lobes 
narrow, obtuse, the nerve at one 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


223 


FiaureE 299.—Blepharidachne kingii. Plant, X 1; spikelet and perfect floret, * 5. (Jones 4094, Nev.) 


margin, awn-tipped, the central lobe 
consisting of the awn, ciliate below, 
somewhat exceeding the lateral ones; 
palea much narrower and somewhat 
shorter than the lemma; fertile lem- 
ma similar to the sterile ones, the 
palea broad and as long as the lem- 
ma; upper sterile lemma on a rachilla 
segment about 3 mm. long, reduced 
to 3 plumose awns; grain compressed, 
2 mm. long. 2 W—Deserts, Utah, 
Nevada, and California (Death Val- 
ley), apparently rather rare, but 
reported as common and sometimes 
the dominant grass in desert regions 
in Elko and White Pine Counties, 
Nev. 

2. Blepharidachne bigelovii (S. 
Wats.) Hack. (Fig. 300.) Perennial, 
culms stiff, 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
culms and foliage harsh-puberulent; 
sheaths broad, firm; blades coarser 
than in B. kingiz; panicles dense, ob- 
long, 1 to 3 em. long, the blades not 
exceeding the panicle; glumes about 
6 mm. long, subacute, shorter than 
the florets; sterile lemmas ciliate and 
awned as in B. kingiz, cleft about 1 
mm. 2 —Rocky slopes, Pecos and 
El Paso Counties, Tex. 


38. COTTEA Kunth 


Spikelets several-flowered, the up- 
permost reduced, the rachilla dis- 


Figure 300.—Blepharidachne bigeloviit. Plant, X 1; 
fertile floret, X 5. (Type.) 


224 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(Ue. 
—t 


é 7 \y aN 
iG \) 


FIGURE 301.—Cottea pappophoroides. Plant, X 4; spikelet, floret, and cleistogene, X 5. (Griffiths 5946, Aris.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


articulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes about 
equal, nearly equaling the lower lem- 
ma, with several parallel nerves; lem- 
mas rounded on the back, villous 
below, prominently 9- to 11-nerved, 
some of the nerves extending into 
awns of irregular size and some into 
awned teeth; palea a little longer 
than the body of the lemma, the 
keels near the margin. An erect tufted 
branching perennial with flat blades 
and oblong loose panicle. Type spe- 
cles, Cottea pappophoroides. Named 
for Heinrich Cotta. 

1. Cottea pappophoroides Kunth. 
(Fig. 301.) Softly pubescent through- 


2295 


out; culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades 
3 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 8 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches loosely ascending; 
spikelets 4- to 7-flowered, 5 to 7 mm. 
long, about 5 mm. wide, green or 
purplish; glumes 4 to 5 mm. long; 
lemmas 3 to 4 mm. long, the basal 
hairs conspicuous, at least the middle 
awn spreading. 21 —Plains and 
dry hills, western Texas to southern 
Arizona, south to central Mexico; 
Ecuador to Argentina. Cleistogamous 
spikelets, usually reduced to a single 
floret, are found in the lower sheaths, 
and often large, very turgid ones at 
the very base. Not abundant enough 
to have economic importance. 


39. PAPPOPHORUM Schreb. Pappusarass 


Spikelets 4- to 6-flowered, the lower 1 to 3 fertile, the upper reduced, the 
rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, but not or only tardily between the 
florets, the internodes very short; glumes nearly equal, keeled, thin-mem- 
branaceous, as long as the body of the florets, 1-nerved, acute; lemmas rounded 
on the back, firm, obscurely many-nerved, dissected above into numerous 
spreading, unequal awns, the florets falling together, the awns of all forming 
a pappuslike crown; palea as long as the body of the lemma, the nerves near 
the margin. Erect tufted perennials, with narrow or spikelike whitish to 
tawny or purplish panicles. Type species, Pappophorum alopecuroideum 
Vahl. Name from Greek pappos, pappus, and phoros, bearing, alluding to the 
pappuslike crown of the lemma. Our species are of minor economic importance. 


Panicle spikelike, tawny or whitish... 
Panicle narrow but rather loose, pinkish _._.... 


1. Pappophorum mucronulatum 
Nees. (Fig. 302.) Culms erect, 60 to 
100 cm. tall; blades flat to subinvo- 
lute, 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicle spike- 
like, tawny or whitish, tapering at 
summit, 10 to 20 cm. long; spikelets 
_short-pediceled with 1 or 2 fertile flo- 
rets and 2 or 3 sterile reduced ones, the 
rachilla disarticulating below the fer- 
tile floret and tardily above it; glumes 
l-nerved; fertile lemma subindurate, 
the nerves obscure, villous toward 
base, dissected into numerous unequal 
awns 2 to 5mm. long, the body about 
3mm.long. 2 (P. apertum Mun- 
ro.)—Low places on plains and in 
valleys, Texas, Arizona, and northern 
Mexico; South America; wool waste, 
Maine. 

2. Pappophorum bicolor Fourn. 
(Fig. 303.) Culms erect, 30 to 80 cm. 


1 A Sic eae ee el aa il 
yt AD abe LP ae LRRD MS ORT LGN Sees it 2. P. BICOLOR. 


P. MUCRONULATUM. 


tall; blades flat to subinvolute, 1 to 5 
mm. wide; panicle mostly 10 to 15 
cm. long, usually pink-tinged, rather 
loose, the branches | to 4 cm. long; 
spikelets on pedicels 1 to 5 mm. long, 
with 2 or 3 fertile florets and 1 or 2 
sterile reduced ones, all about the 
same height in the spikelet, the ra- 
chilla not separating between the flo- 
rets; glumes l-nerved; lemmas some- 
what indurate, obscurely nerved, 
pilose on the callus and on the lower 
half to two-thirds of the midnerve and 
margins, dissected into about 12 
somewhat unequal scabrous awns 2 to 
4 mm. long, the body about 3 mm. 
long, the awns about as long. 2 
—Open valley land, Texas, Arizona 
(La Noria, near Monument 111), and 
Mexico. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


226 


FicuRE 302.—Pappophorum mucronulatum. Plant, X 14; spikelet and perfect floret, X 5. (Pringle, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Wy 
\ I\ 
WN 


=> ‘\ 


vy 


We 
Ge 


‘) Sy 


Figure 303.—Pappophorum bicolor, X 1. (Griffiths 
6291, Tex.) 


40. ENNEAPOGON Desv. ex Beauv. 


(Included in Pappophorum Schreb. in Man- 
ual, ed. 1) 


Spikelets 3-flowered, the first floret 
fertile, the second smaller, sterile, the 
third rudimentary; glumes strongly 
7-nerved; lemmas rounded on the 
back, firm, the truncate summit bear- 
ing 9 plumose equal awns; palea a 
little longer than the body of the 
lemma, the keels near the margin. 
Slender tufted perennials, with nar- 
row feathery panicles. Type species 
Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv. Name 
from ennea, nine, and pogon, beard, 
alluding to the 9 plumose or bearded 
awns. A single species in America. 

1. Enneapogon desvaixii Beauv. 
SPIKE PAppuscRass. (Fig. 304.) 
Culms numerous, slender, decumbent- 
spreading, 20 to 40 cm. tall, the nodes 
pubescent; blades flat to subinvolute, 
about 1 mm. wide; panicle spikelike, 
gray green or drab, mostly 2 to 5 cm. 
long, sometimes interrupted below; 
glumes longer than the body of the 
lemmas, 7-nerved, acuminate, pubes- 
cent; lemma of first floret (including 
awns) 4 to 5 mm. long, the body about 
1.5 mm. long, villous, 9-nerved, the 
awns plumose, except at the apex. 
2 (Pappophorum  wrightit S&S. 


227 


Wats.)"—Dry plains and stony hills, 
Utah and Texas to Arizona, south to 
Oaxaca, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. 
Cleistogamous spikelets are produced 
in the lower sheaths, the cleistogenes 
larger than the normal florets, but the 
awns almost wanting. The culms dis- 
articulate at the lower nodes, carrying 
the cleistogenes with them. Furnishes 
- a proportion of forage on sterile 
ills. 


41. SCLEROPOGON Phil. 


Plants monoecious or dioecious. 
Staminate spikelets several-flowered, 
pale, the rachilla not disarticulating; 
glumes about equal, membranaceous, 
long-acuminate, l-nerved or obscurely 
d-nerved, nearly as long as the first 
lemma; lemmas similar to the glumes, 
somewhat distant, 3-nerved or ob- 
scurely 5-nerved, mucronate; palea 
obtuse, shorter than the lemma. Pis- 
tillate spikelets subtended by a nar- 
row bract on the pedicel, several- 
flowered, the upper florets reduced to 
awns, the rachilla_ disarticulating 
above the glumes but not separating 
between the florets or only tardily so; 
glumes acuminate, 3-nerved, with a 
few fine additional nerves, the first 
about half as long as the second; lem- 
mas narrow, 3-nerved, the nerves ex- 
tending into slender, scabrous, spread- 
ing awns, the florets falling together, 
forming a cylindric many-awned fruit, 
the lowest floret with a sharp-bearded 
callus as in Aristida; palea narrow, 
the 2 nerves near the margin, pro- 
duced into short awns. Stoloniferous 
perennial, with short flexuous blades 
and narrow few-flowered racemes or 
simple panicles, the staminate and 
pistillate panicles strikingly different 
in appearance. Staminate and pistil- 
late panicles may occur on the same 
plant, or rarely the 2 kinds of spikelets 
may be found in the same panicle. It 
may be that the seedlings produce 2 
kinds of branches, each kind then re- 


11Hor an account of the genus and the 
identity of this species, see Chase, A., Ma- 
drofa 7:187-189. 1946. 


228 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


3 
= 


Wy ta 
NX \\" 


wd 
NI 
Np 
Ng 
Wie 
NS 


Figure 304.—Enneapogon desvauzii. Plant, X %; spikelet, perfect floret, and cleistogene, X 5. (Purpus 
8272, Ariz.) 


producing its own sex. This should be ing to the hard awns. 

investigated. Type species, Sclero- 1. Scleropogon brevifdlius Phil. 
pogon brevifolius. Name from Greek Burro erass (Fig. 305.) Culms erect, 
skleros, hard, and pogon, beard, allud- 10 to 20 cm. tall, tufted, producing 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 229 


NON 
Nf RK 


iN : S 1a | 
Nv ANY 
\ . 1 7 wu \ f !) 
A) 3 1 


Ss 
VEZ. 
_ hk 


SS 


SSS 


== 


7 
a — YB 
C Sc 
x - : Se 
Z 3 é 
La : — JZ Za 
= AA ; : Vz = 
L 7 ME LZ 
, A SS 
is Le a ibe . : 
LEI_cDSSZ_Z__ s , SS —— ‘ 
SS SS = > iz 
z — NGEENG MME me SS 
= S 
— Meee ; ~ 
Ss ‘ & WO ~ Ss 
= >. 
—— 
S 


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/ 


G | ( 

/ E= Vy 
LZ, Z 
Lip LR 
EE = = 
_—— 


== 
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o SS 


ao 


RA! A 
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Figure 305.—Scleropogon brevifolius. Pistillate and staminate plants, X '4; pistillate spikelet, X 2; pistillate 
and staminate florets, X 5. (Zuck, Ariz.) 


fee = 


230 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


wiry stolons with internodes 5 to 15 break away and with their numerous 
cm. long; leaves crowded at the base, long spreading awns form ‘‘tumble- 
the blades flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide, weeds” that are blown before the 
sharp-pointed; racemes, excluding wind, the pointed barbed callus read- 
awns, 1 to 5 cm. long; staminate ily penetrating clothing or wool, the 
spikelets 2 to 3 cm. long; body of pis- combined florets acting like the single 
tillate spikelets 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the floret of long-awned aristidas. Spike- 
awns 5 to 10 cm. long, loosely twisted. lets rarely staminate below and pis- 
2 (S. karwinskyanus Benth.)— _ tillate above. On overstocked ranges, 
Semiarid plains and open valley lands, where it tends to become established, 
Texas to Colorado, Nevada, and Ari- it is useful in preventing erosion. 
zona; south to central Mexico; Argen- Often important as a range grass, es- 
tina. The mature pistillate spikelets pecially when young. 


TRIBE 3. HORDEAE 


AD; AGROPYRON Gaertn. WHEATGRASS 


Spikelets several-flowered, solitary (rarely in pairs), sessile, placed flatwise 
at each joint of a continuous (rarely disarticulating) rachis, the rachilla dis- 
articulating above the glumes and between the florets; glumes equal, firm, 
several-nerved, rarely 2-nerved, l-nerved, or nerveless, usually shorter than 
the first lemma, acute or awned, rarely obtuse or notched; lemmas convex on 
the back, rather firm, 5- to 7-nerved, acute or awned from the apex; palea 
about as long as the lemma. Perennials (our species except Agropyron triti- 
ceum), often with creeping rhizomes, with usually erect culms and green or 
purplish, usually erect, spikes. Type species, Agropyron triticeum Gaertn. 
Name from Greek agrios, wild, and puros, wheat, the two original species being 
weeds in wheatfields. 

Most of the species of Agropyron furnish forage, and a few are among the 
most valuable range grasses of the Western States. In the valleys some species 
may grow in sufficient abundance to produce hay. 

Agropyron trachycaulum (A. tenerum, A. pauciflorum) has been cultivated 
in the Northwestern States on a commercial scale under the name slender 
wheatgrass, and the seed has been carried by seedsmen in that region. A. 
smithii, western wheatgrass, sometimes called Colorado bluestem, is a source 
of hay in alkaline meadows through the Western States. A. spicatum, or blue- 
bunch wheatgrass, and A. dasystachywm are important range grasses in the 
Northwestern States. A. trachycaulum and A. subsecundum (A. caninum, 
so-called), because of their abundance in the mountain grazing regions, are 
also important. A. repens, quackgrass, is a good forage grass, but, because 
of its creeping rhizomes, is a troublesome weed, especially in the Eastern 
States where it is widely introduced. The species with strong creeping rhizomes 
are valuable for holding embankments and sandy soils. 

The divisions of the species into those with rhizomes and those without is 
convenient and usually definite when the entire base is present, but some 
species normally without rhizomes (as A. spzcatum) may rarely produce them 
and species in which rhizomes occur may not show them in herbarium speci- 
mens. 


la. Plants with creeping rhizomes. 
Lemmas awned, the awn divergent at maturity. 


Memmas' pubescent. 2.2 * 2.608) ir aa Ser ee Rees fee eee ee 9. A. ALBICANS. 

hemmas @labroust: 22 82 eo Se ee eee 10. A. GRIFFITHSII. 
Lemmas awnless or with a short straight awn. 

Glumes rigid, gradually tapering into a short awn....--_...-----..--------..+--+.-- 5. A. SMITHIL, 


Glumes not rigid, acute or abruptly awn-pointed. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 231 
Lemmas glabrous (sometimes pubescent in A. ripartum). 
Blades lax, flat. 
Glumes shorter than the spikelets; rachilla glabrous......._.......... 2. A. REPENS. 


Glumes nearly as long as the spikelet; rachilla pubescent. 


Blades firm, stiff, often involute. 


4, A. PSEUDOREPENS. 


Spikelets much compressed, closely imbricate, the spike dense. 


3. A. PUNGENS, 


Spikelets not much compressed, somewhat distant, the spike slender. 


Lemmas pubescent. 


8. A. RIPARIUM. 


Spike 6 to 12 cm. long; spikelets 1 to 1.5 cm. long; glumes 6 to 9 mm. long. 
6 


A. DASYSTACHYUM. 


Spike as much as 25 cm. long; spikelets as much as 2.5 cm. long; glumes to 13 mm. 


1b. Plants without creeping rhizomes. 


Spikelets much compressed, crowded on the rachis.............---.--------- 1. 


A. ELMERI. 


A. DESERTORUM. 


Spikelets not much compressed nor divergent. 


Spikelets awnless or awn-tipped only. 


Glumes 2 to 2.5 mm. wide, nearly as long as the spikelet; rachilla villous. 
Glumes with a broad subhyaline margin, unsymmetrical at the summit; lemmas 
commonly pubescent; spike rarely more than 7 em. long, the spikelets closely 
1 


INN OEIC AGCLweee nase Mn) 


A. LATIGLUME. 


Glumes not thin-margined; lemmas glabrous; spike 10 to 25 cm. long, the spikelets 


mostly scarcely or slightly imbricate................-....-- 13 


A. TRACHYCAULUM. 


Glumes narrower, much shorter than the spikelet; rachilla scaberulous. 


Blades involute (rarely flat)..........._. 
Bla desiilartesce, sat Wier A Oa 


Spikelets awned. 


Culms prostrate-spreading...........-...... 


19. A. INERME. 


SO Ik) i Neath ae 5S REN era ae 21. A. PARISHII. 


Culms erect (decumbent at base in A. pringlet). 


Rachis finally disarticulating. 


Glumes narrow, 2-nerved; awns of lemmas spreading, out-curved or recurved. 


22. ‘A. SAXICOLA. 


Glumes broader, with usually 3 to 5 distinct scabrous nerves; awn straight, 2 to 


ECMO OMG ee NS ee 


Rachis continuous. 
Awn straight or nearly so. 


Spikelets about as long as the internodes of the rachis...... 21. 


ai RadsaDh opm RIAY OND RFT Wi nl Ane 23. A. SAUNDERSII 


A. PARISHII,. 


Spikelets imbricate, longer than the internodes of the rachis. 


Lemmas coarsely pubescent 


SU ES te Me ne ae a a 11. 


A. VULPINUM. 


Lemmas glabrous or scabrous toward summit only. 


Awn divergent, when dry. 


Spikelets imbricate...................... 


Spikelets distant. 


12. A. SUBSECUNDUM. 


pas etl ate ee eee ae METS 15. A. BAKERI. 


Spikelets Z to 7 in a spike, about twice as long as the internode; spike 4 to 


ECT OM Oe MN ae 


A. PRINGLEI. 


Spikelets ageae more than 7 in a spike, usually shorter than the internode; 
spike mostly more than 8 cm. long. 


Spike 8 to 15 cm. long; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide... 


_ 18. <A. SPICATUM. 


Spike 15 to 30 cm. long; blades 4 to 6 mm. wide...... 20. A. ARIZONICUM. 


1. Agropyron desertérum (Fisch.) 
Schult. (Fig. 306.) Culms slender, 
erect or geniculate at base, in dense 
tufts, 25 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous or the lower spreading-hirsute; 
blades 2 to 4 mm., occasionally to 5 
mm. wide; spike 5 to 9 cm. long, 7 to 
11 mm. wide, somewhat bristly, the 
short-jointed rachis pubescent; spike- 
lets closely spaced on the rachis, 8 to 


12 mm. long, 5- to 7-flowered, some- 
what spreading; glumes and lemmas 
firm, glabrous to sparsely ciliate on 
the keel, both abruptly narrowed into 
an awn 2 to 3 mm. long, the lemma 
about 6 mm. long, the awn commonly 
slightly bent to one side. 2 (‘‘A. 
cristatum”’ of Manual, ed. 1)—Grown 
in experiment stations and found here 


232 


and there in grainfields, Ontario, 
North Dakota, South Dakota, Mon- 
tana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, 
Nevada, Arizona, and California; ad- 
ventive, Albany Port, N. Y. Intro- 
duced from Russia, extensively 
planted in the northern Great Plains 
area, and spreading readily by re- 
seeding. 

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. 
CRESTED WHEATGRASS. Spike 2 to 7 
em. long; spikelets more widely 
spreading, the glumes somewhat con- 
torted, gradually tapering into the 
awns, these curved, 2 to 5 mm. long. 
21 —Adventive on barrier beach, 
Fishers Island, N. Y.; Barton, N. 
Dak. Introduced from Russia, grown 
in experiment stations, and a valuable 
dry-land grass for soil conservation 
and forage in the northern Great 
Plains. Sometimes found mixed in 
plantings of A. desertorum. 

Agropyron _ sibiricum = (Willd.) 
Beauv. Rather smaller with relatively 
scant foliage; spike 6 to 10 cm. long, 
the rachis glabrous or nearly so; spike- 
lets somewhat spreading, about as in 
A. desertorum, the glumes and lemmas 
mucronate or with an awn 1 to 2 mm. 
long. 2 —Introduced from Rus- 
sla, grown in a few experiment sta- 
tions, spontaneous in Idaho (near 
Boise) and New Mexico (near Gal- 
lup). Better suited to dry soils. 

Agropyron triticeum Gaertn. An- 
nual, branching at base; culms slen- 
der, erect or usually decumbent, 
mostly 10 to 30 cm. tall; blades flat, 
mostly less than 10 cm. long, 2 to 3 
mm. wide; spike oval or ovate, 1 to 
1.5 em. long, thick; spikelets crowded, 
about 7 mm. long; glumes and lem- 
mas acuminate. ©  —Absaroka 
Forest, Mont., Wyoming, Mountain 
Home, Idaho; Corfu, Wash. Sparingly 
introduced from southern Russia. 

2. Agropyron répens (L.) Beauv. 
QuacxkerRass. (Fig. 307, A.) Green or 
glaucous; culms erect or curved at 
base, 50 to 100 cm. tall, sometimes 
taller, with creeping yellowish rhi- 
zomes; sheaths of the innovations 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE Se ee cee: X 1. (Ball 1768, 
olo.) 


often pubescent; blades relatively 
thin, flat, usually sparsely pilose on 
the upper surface, mostly 6 to 10 mm. 
wide; spike 5 to 15 em. long, the rachis 
scabrous on the angles; spikelets 
mostly 4- to 6-flowered, 1 to 1.5 cm. 
long, the rachilla glabrous or scaberu- 
lous; glumes 3- to 7-nerved, awn- 
pointed; lemmas mostly 8 to 10 mm. 
long, the awn from less than 1 mm. 
to as long as the lemma; palea obtuse, 
nearly as long as the lemma, scabrous 
on the keels. 2 —Waste places, 
meadows and pastures, Newfound- 
land to Alaska (Skagway), south to 
North Carolina, Arkansas, Utah, and 
California; Mexico; introduced from 
Eurasia. Common in the Northern 
States; a troublesome weed in culti- 
vated ground. Called also quitch 
grass and couch grass. Awned speci- 
mens have been described as Agro- 
pyron leersianum (Wulf.) Rydb.; also 
referred to A. repens f. aristatum 
(Schum.) Holmb. 

3. Agropyron ptngens_ (Pers.) 
Roem. and Schult. (Fig. 307, B.) 
Glaucous, culms 50 to 80 cm. tall, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 233 


} 


1 
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ll 
| Al 
| 
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! 
H ; 
1] \ 1 // 
4 \i f 
N| \ t/ i) 
\ | i 
7) 
i G 
N / 
\\ Vial / 
) 
\ [HI | 
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f 
ay If 
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y SE / | 
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Figure 307.—A, Agropyron repens. Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 3. B, A. pungens, X 3. (Scribner, Maine.) 


with pale or brownish rhizomes; flowered, the florets closely imbricate; 
blades firm, mostly involute, scabrous glumes firm, acute, obscurely nerved, 
on the upper surface; spikelets awn- scabrous on the keel. 2 —Sea- 
less, compressed, often as much as 10- coast, Maine (Cape Elizabeth), Mas- 


234 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


sachusetts (Harwich); ballast, New 
Jersey and Oregon; introduced from 
Europe. 

4, Agropyron pseudorépens Scribn. 
and Smith. (Fig. 308.) Resembling 
A. repens, often stouter, the rhizomes 
not yellow; blades commonly nar- 
rower; spike 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
spikelets contracted and appressed, 
the flat or scarcely keeled glumes 2 
to 2.5 mm. wide, nearly equaling the 
spikelets; lemmas scaberulous to mi- 
nutely hispidulous, rachilla villous. 
2 Mostly in bottom lands or 
valleys, Alberta; Michigan (south 
shore of Lake Superior); South Da- 
kota and Nebraska to Washington, 
south to New Mexico and Arizona. 
Specimens without rhizomes resemble 
A. trachycaulum. 

5. Agropyron smithii Rydb. West- 
ERN WHEATGRASS. (Fig. 309.) Usually 
glaucous; culms erect, 30 to 60 cm. 
tall, sometimes taller, with creeping 
rhizomes; sheaths glabrous; blades 
firm, stiff, mostly flat when fresh, 
involute in drying, strongly nerved, 
scabrous or sometimes sparsely vil- 
lous on the upper surface, mostly 2 
to 4 mm. wide, tapering to a sharp 
point; spike erect, mostly 7 to 15 
em. long, the rachis scabrous on the 


—S 


ate — 
~~ 
2 Zs 
ee 


FiguRE 308.—Agropyron pseudorepens, X 1. (Chase 
5389, Colo.) 


angles; spikelets rather closely im- 
bricate, occasionally two at a node, 
6- to 10-flowered, 1 to 2 cm. long, 
the rachilla scabrous or scabrous- 
pubescent; glumes rigid, tapering to 
a short awn, rather faintly nerved, 
10 to 12 mm. long; lemmas about 1 
em. long, firm, glabrous, often pubes- 


FicGurReE 309.—Agropyron smithii, X 1. (Nelson 3918, Wyo.) 


i 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 239 


12 cm. long; spikelets loosely to 
closely imbricate, 4- to 8-flowered, 
1 to 1.5 em. long, the rachilla pubes- 
cent on the convex side; glumes acute 
or awn-pointed, scabrous or pubes- 
cent (usually less pubescent than the 
lemma), 6 to 9 mm. long; lemmas 
densely to sparsely pubescent, some- 
times nearly glabrous, awnless or 
mucronate, about | cm. long; palea 
about as long as the lemma, obtuse. 
2| —Plains and sandy shores, Mich- 
igan to British Columbia, south to 


Figure 310.—Agropyron dasystachyum, X 1. (Griffiths 488, Wash.) 


cent near the base, obscurely nerved, 
acuminate, mucronate, sometimes 
short-awned; palea scabrous-pubes- 
cent on the keels. 2 —HMoist, 
usually alkaline soil, Ontario to Al- 
berta and British Columbia; New 
York; Michigan to Washington, south 
to Tennessee, Texas, Arizona, and 
northeastern California; mostly intro- 
duced east of Iowa and Kansas. 
Two varieties have been recognized. 
AGROPYRON SMITHII var. MOLLE 
(Seribn. and Smith) Jones. Lemmas 
and sometimes glumes more or less 
pubescent. 2 —About the same 
range as the species. AGROPYRON 
SMITHII var. PALMERI (Scribn. and 
Smith) Heller. Lower sheaths pu- 
bescent. 21 —Colorado to Utah, 
south to New Mexico and Arizona. 

6. Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) 
Scribn. ‘THICKSPIKE WHEATGRASS. 
(Fig. 310.) Often glaucous; culms 
mostly 40 to 80 em. tall, with creeping 
rhizomes; blades flat to involute, 1 
to 3 mm. wide; spike mostly 6 to 


Fiagure 311.—Agropyron elmeri, X 1. (Type.) 


236 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 312.—Agropyron riparium, X 1. (Nelson 3965, Wyo.) 


FicuRE 313.—Agropyron albicans, X 1. (Griffiths 
3013, Wyo.) 


Illinois, Nebraska, Colorado, Nevada, 
and Oregon. In the form growing on 
the sandy shores of Lake Michigan 
the lemmas are densely villous, but 
villous forms occur in other parts of 
the range of the species. 

This and the four following species 
appear to intergrade, forming a poly- 
morphous group. 

7. Agropyron elméri Scribn. (Fig. 
311.) Resembling A. dasystachyum; 
culms on the average taller, more 
robust, the spike longer (as much as 
25 cm. long), the spikelets larger (as 
much as 10-flowered and 2.5 cm. 
long); glumes and lemmas usually 
longer (as much as 12 mm. and 15 
mm., respectively); lemmas pubes- 
cent, sometimes sparsely so or sca- 
brous only or pubescent only on the 
margins at base. 2| —Dry orsandy 
soil, British Columbia to Oregon. 

8. Agropyron riparium Scribn. and 
Smith. STREAMBANK WHEATGRASS. 
(Fig. 312.) Resembling A. dasystachy- 
um, with vigorous rhizomes; blades 
usually narrower; spikelets usually 
more imbricate; lemmas glabrous or 
somewhat pubescent along the edges 
of the lower part of the lemma. 2 
—Dry or moist meadows and hills, 
North Dakota to Alberta and Wash- 
ington, south to Oregon and Colorado. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


9. Agropyron Albicans Scribn. and 
Smith. (Fig. 313.) Similar to A. 
dasystachyum; glumes awn-pointed, 
about 1 cm. long; awn of lemma 1 
to 1.5 cm. long, divergent when dry. 
2, —Plains and dry hills, South 
Dakota to Alberta and Idaho, Colo- 
rado and Utah. 

10. Agropyron § griffithsi Scribn. 
and Smith ex Piper. (Fig. 314.) Re- 
sembling A. albicans, differing chiefly 
in having glabrous lemmas, the rachis 
rarely disarticulating. 2 —Open, 
dry, sandy or alkaline soil, western 
North Dakota to Washington, south 
to Wyoming and Colorado. In the 
type specimen the lemmas are smooth, 
but in several other specimens the 
lemmas are scabrous. Possibly only 
a glabrous form of A. albicans. 

Agropyron intermédium (Host) 
Beauv. Blades short, involute, acut- 
ish; glumes about 5-nerved; lemmas 
awnless. 2 —Ballast at Camden, 
N.J.;adventive from Europe. Planted 
in the Northwest for pastures and 
for revegetating range lands. 

Agropyron trichéphorum (Link) 
Richt. Blades flat; spikelets pubes- 
cent, awnless; glumes several-nerved, 
acutish. 2 —lLynn, Mass.; ad- 
ventive from Europe. Planted to some 
extent in the Northwest. 

Agropyron jiinceum (L.) Beauv. 
Blades loosely involute; spikelets gla- 
brous; glumes 9-nerved, acutish. 2 
—RBallast near Portland, Oreg.; dunes, 
San Francisco, Calif.; adventive from 
Europe. 

11. Agropyron vulpinum (Rydb.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 315.) Culms 50 to 75 
em. tall, somewhat geniculate at 
base; blades drying loosely involute, 
10 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; 
spike nodding, 10 to 15 cm. long, the 
rachis stiffly scabrous-ciliate on the 
angles; spikelets imbricate but not 
appressed, some toward the base two 
at a node, 3- to 5-flowered, the 
rachilla appressed-pubescent; glumes 
scabrous, strongly 5-nerved, awn- 
tipped; lemmas 5-nerved toward the 


Figure 315.—Agropyron vulpinum, X 1. (Type.) 


237 


Figure 314.—Agropyron griffithsi, X 1. (Williams and 
Griffiths 164, Wyo.) 


238 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ie 
=. ———— 


S=—= 


LL_Z__ 
—— 


Y fj 


—— 


FIGURE 316.—Agropyron subsecundum, 
X 1. (Shear 452, Mont.) 


FiGuRE 317.—Agropyron trachy- 
caulum, X 1. (Shear 404.) 


minutely toothed apex, coarsely pu- 
bescent, the scabrous awn 8 to 10mm. 
long. 2 (Elymus vulpinus Rydb.) 
—Moist ground, Grant County, Nebr. 
and Livingston, Mont. 

12. Agropyron subsectindum (Link) 
Hitche. BEARDED WHEATGRASS. (Fig. 
316.) Green or glaucous, without 
creeping rhizomes; culms erect, tuft- 
ed, 50 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous or rarely pubescent; blades flat, 
3 to 8 mm. wide; spike erect or slight- 


ly nodding, 6 to 15 cm. long, some- 
times unilateral from twisting of the 
spikelets to one side, the rachis sca- 
brous or scabrous-ciliate on the 
angles, sometimes disarticulating; 
spikelets rather closely imbricate, 
few-flowered, the rachilla villous, the 
callus of the florets short-pilose; 
glumes broad, rather prominently 4- 
to 7-nerved, nearly as long as the 
spikelet, tapering into an awn; lem- 
mas obscurely 5-nerved, the nerves 
becoming prominent toward the tip, 
the awn straight or nearly so, usually 
1to3cm.long. 2 —Moist mead- 
ows and open woods, Newfoundland 
to Alaska, south to the mountains 
of Maryland, west to Washington 
and California, and south to New 
Mexico and Arizona. Said by Malte 
to be self-pollinated. This is the 
species which has generally been 
called by American botanists <A. 
caninum (L.) Beauv.; that is a 
European species, differing in having 
3-nerved glumes. 

AGROPYRON SUBSECUNDUM var. 
ANDINUM (Scribn. and Smith) Hitche. 
Culms mostly not more than 50 em. 
tall, loosely tufted, usually geniculate 
at base; lower sheaths pale, usually 
papery; spike short; awns mostly 5 
to 10 mm. long, often curved. An 
alpine form of mountain meadows. 
21 —Montana to Washington, south 
to Colorado and Nevada. 

Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. 
Glumes d-nerved. 2 —Ballast 
near Portland, Oreg.; adventive from 
Europe. 

13. Agropyron trachycadlum (Link) 
Malte. SLENDER WHEATGRASS. (Fig. 
317.) Resembling A. subsecundum; 
sheaths glabrous or rarely pubescent; 
blades mostly 2 to 4 mm. wide; spike 
usually more slender, 10 to 25 cm. 
long, sometimes unilateral; spikelets 
from rather remote to closely imbri- 
cate; glumes and lemmas awnless or 
nearly so. 2 (A. tenerwm Vasey, 
A. pauciflorwm (Schwein.) Hitche.)— 
Labrador to Alaska, south to the 
mountains of West Virginia, Missouri, 
New Mexico, and California; north- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


western Mexico. Alpine plants lower, 
and with shorter denser commonly 
purplish spikes, resemble A. sub- 
secundum var. andinum, but the 
spikelets are awnless. They have been 
referred to A. violaceum (Hornem.) 
Lange, an Arctic species, and to A. 
biflorum (Brignoli) Roem. and Schult. 


Figure 318.—Agropyron latiglume, * 3. (Type.) 


14. Agropyron latiglime (Scribn. 
and Smith) Rydb. (Fig. 318.) Culms 
loosely tufted, curved or geniculate 
below, 20 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, 
short, 3 to 5 mm. wide, short-hirsute 
on both surfaces, rarely glabrous or 
nearly so beneath; spike mostly 3 to 
7 cm. long, rarely longer; spikelets 
usually closely imbricate; glumes 
broad, flat, thin-margined, unsym- 
metrical and slightly notched at 
summit, awn-tipped; lemmas com- 
monly appressed-pubescent, awnless 
or awn-tipped. 2 -—Alpine mead- 
ows, open slopes, mostly at high 
altitudes, Montana, Wyoming, and 
Colorado to Labrador and Alaska. 

15. Agropyron bakéri E. Nels. 
BAKER WHEATGRASS. (Fig. 319.) Re- 
sembling A. subsecundum; culms 
erect, mostly 50 to 100 cm. tall, 
rather loosely tufted; spike mostly 
5 to 12 cm. long, the spikelets rather 
loosely imbricate; awns divergently 
curved when dry, 1 to 4 ecm. long. 
21 —Open slopes, upper altitudes, 
northern Michigan; Alberta to Wash- 
ington, Oregon, and New Mexico. 

16. Agropyron pringlei (Scribn. 
and Smith) Hitche. (Fig. 320.) Culms 
tufted, decumbent at base, 30 to 50 


239 


Figure 319.—Agropyron bakeri, X 1. (Hitchcock 
1686, Colo.) 


cm. tall, the basal sheaths soft and 
papery; blades flat or loosely involute, 
mostly less than 10 cm. long, 1 to 3 
mm. wide; spike more or less flexuous, 
4 to 7 cm. long, the rachis scabrous 
on the angles, slender, the middle in- 
ternodes usually 8 to 10 mm. long; 
spikelets mostly 3 to 7 in each spike, 
rather distant, the lower and middle 
ones (excluding awns) about as long 
as two internodes, mostly 3- to 5- 
flowered, the rachilla joints minutely 


240 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


scabrous, about 2 mm. long; glumes 
rather narrow, about 3-nerved on the 
exposed side, 7 to 8 mm. long, taper- 
ing into a straight awn about 5 mm. 
long; lemmas tapering into a sca- 
brous, strongly divergent awn 1.5 to 
2.5 cm. long; palea 10 to 12 mm. long. 
21 —Stony slopes, 2,500 to 3,500 
m., in the Sierra Nevada, Calif. 

17. Agropyron  scribnéri Vasey. 
SPREADING WHEATGRASS. (Fig. 321) 
Culms tufted, prostrate or decum- 
bent-spreading, often flexuous, 20 to 
40 cm. long; blades flat or, especially 
on the innovations, loosely involute, 
more or less pubescent, mostly basal, 
the 2 or 3 culm blades usually less 
than 5 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; 
spike long-exserted, often nodding or | 
flexuous, dense, 3 to 7 cm. long, the 
rachis disarticulating at maturity, the | 
internodes glabrous, 3 to 5 mm. long, | 
or the lowermost longer; spikelets 3- 
to 5-flowered, the rachilla internodes 
minutely scabrous, about 2mm. long; 
glumes narrow, one obscurely nerved, | 
the other with 2 or 3 distinct nerves, | 
tapering into a divergent awn similar 
to the awns of the lemmas; lemmas 
nerved toward the tip, tapering to a 
strongly divergent awn 1.5 to 2.5 cm. 
long; palea a little longer than the 
body of the lemma, the apex with 2 
short slender teeth. 2 —Alpine 
slopes, 3,000 to 4,000 m., Montana 
and Idaho to New Mexico and Cali- 
fornia. Characterized by the hard 
leafy basal tussock with slender 
spreading flexuous culms. 

18. Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) 
Scribn. and Smith. BLuEBUNCH 
WHEATGRASS (Fig. 322.) Green or 
glaucous; culms tufted, often in large 
bunches, erect, 60 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths glabrous; blades flat to loosely 
involute, 1 to 2 mm., sometimes to 4 
mm., wide, glabrous beneath, pubes- 
cent on the upper surface; spike slen- 
der, mostly 8 to 15 cm. long, the 
rachis scaberulous on the angles, the 
internodes 1 to 2 cm. long, or the 


FIGuRE 321.—Agropyron scribneri, X 1. (Shear 1179, 
Colo.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


lowermost 2.5 cm.; spikelets distant, 
not as long (excluding the awns) as 
the internodes or slightly longer, 
mostly 6- to 8-flowered, the rachilla 
joints scaberulous, 1.5 to 2 mm. long; 
glumes rather narrow, obtuse to 
acute, rarely short-awned, about 4- 
nerved, usually about half as long as 
the spikelet, glabrous or scabrous on 
the nerves; lemmas about 1 cm. long, 
the awn strongly divergent, 1 to 2 
em. long; palea about as long as the 
lemma, obtuse. 2  —Plains, dry 
slopes, canyons and dry open woods, 
northern Michigan to Alaska, south 
to western South Dakota, New Mex- 
ico, and California. A smaller form 
with smaller spikelets, found in desert 
regions of the Great Basin has been 
differentiated as A. vaseyz Scribn. and 
Smith. A. SPICATUM var. PUBESCENS 
Elmer. Culms and foliage pubescent. 
2 —Washington and Idaho. 


Figure 322.—Agropyron spicatum, X 1. (Vasey, 
Wash.) 


241 


Freur® 323.—Agropyron inerme, X 
1. (Horner 571, Wash.) 


19. Agropyron inérme (Scribn. and 
Smith) Rydb. BraARDLESS WHEAT- 
Grass. (Fig. 323.) Differing from A. 
spicatum in the awnless spikelets. 2 
(A. spicatum var. inerme Heller.)— 
Dry plains and hills, Montana to 
British Columbia, south to Utah, 
Wyoming, western Nebraska, and 
eastern Oregon; Texas. Closely re- 
lated to A. spicatum, but very differ- 
ent in appearance because awnless. 


Figure 324.—Agropyron arizonicum, X 1. (Type.) 


20. Agropyron arizonicum Scribn. 
and Smith. (Fig. 324.) Resembling A. 
spicatum, usually taller and coarser; 


242 


FIGURE 326.—Agropyron saxicola, X 1. (Type.) 


blades commonly 4 to 6 mm. wide; 
spike 15 to 30 cm. long, flexuous, the 
rachis more slender; spikelets distant, 
mostly 3- to 5-flowered; glumes short- 
awned; awns of the lemmas stouter, 
mostly 2to38cm.long. 2 —Rocky 
slopes, western Texas, New Mexico, 
Arizona, Nevada, California (Eel 
Ridge), and Chihuahua, Mexico. 
Agropyron semicostatum (Steud.) 
Nees ex Boiss. Blades flat; spike nod- 
ding, 10 to 20 cm. long; spikelets 
several-flowered, imbricate; glumes 
several-nerved, much shorter than the 
spikelet, acute but scarcely awned, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


awn of lemma flexuous or finally di- 
vergent, 125 to 3 em, lone 2! 7 
Ballast near Portland, Oreg. Native 
of Asia. Cultivated in experiment 
plots in California, Washington, D. 
C., and Mississippi in the last century 
under the unpublished name Agro- 
pyrum japonicum. Tracy used the 
name in print in economic notes. (See 
Synonymy.) 

21. Agropyron parishii Scribn. and 
Smith. (Fig. 325.) Culms 70 to 100 
cm. tall, the nodes retrorsely pubes- 
cent; blades flat or loosely involute, 
2 to 4 mm. wide; spike slender, nod- 
ding, 10 to 25 cm. long, the internodes 
of the rachis 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; 
spikelets 4- to 7-flowered, mostly 
about 2 cm. long, narrow, appressed, 
the rachilla joints scaberulous, about 
2 mm. long; glumes 3- to 5-nerved, 1 
to 1.5 cm. long, acute; lemmas acute 
or with a slender awn | to 8 mm. long; 
palea as long as the lemma, obtuse. 
21 —Canyons and rocky slopes, 
California (Monterey and San Benito 
Counties and San Bernardino Moun- 
tains) ; rare. AGROPYRON PARISHII var. 
LAEVE Scribn. and Smith. Nodes 
glabrous; awns usually 1 to 2 cm. 
long. 2 —California, more wide- 
spread than the species. 

22. Agropyron saxicola (Scribn. 
and Smith) Piper. (Fig. 326.) Culms 
tufted, erect, 30 to 80 cm. tall; 
sheaths glabrous or sometimes pubes- 
cent; blades flat to loosely involute, 
glabrous or sometimes pubescent, | to 
4 mm. wide; spike 5 to 12 cm. long, 
the rachis tardily disarticulating, the 
internodes more or less scabrous on 
the angles, 5 to 10 mm. long; spikelets 
imbricate, sometimes in pairs, about 
twice as long as the internodes of the 
rachis, 4- to 6-flowered, the rachilla 
minutely scabrous; glumes narrow, 2- 
nerved, the nerves sometimes ob- 
scure, sometimes with a third faint 
nerve, awned, the awn divergent, 5 to 
20 mm. long, sometimes with a tooth 
or short awn at the base of the main 
awn; lemmas about 8 mm. long, the 
awn divergent, mostly 2 to 5 cm. 
long, sometimes with 1 or 2 short ad- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ditional awns; palea about as long as 
the lemma, obtuse or truncate. 2 
—Dry or rocky slopes and _ plains, 
western South Dakota to Washing- 
ton, south to Utah, Arizona, and Cali- 
fornia. 

23. Agropyron saundérsii (Vasey) 
Hitche. (Fig. 327.) Culms erect, 60 to 
100 em. tall; blades flat or loosely in- 
volute; spike erect, 8 to 15 cm. long, 
mostly purplish, the rachis tardily 
disarticulating; spikelets sometimes in 
pairs near the middle of the spike, 1 
to 1.5 em. long (excluding awns), 2- 
to 5-flowered; glumes variable, nar- 
row with 2 nerves or wider with 3 to 
-5 nerves, the nerves strong and at 
least the midnerve scabrous, the awn 
1 to 5 cm. long, sometimes with a 
short lateral awn near the base; lem- 
mas scabrous, the awn straight, 2 to 
dcm. long. 2 (Hlymus saundersit 


Figure 327.—Agropyron saundersii, X 1. (Type.) 


Vasey.)—Dry slopes, Colorado, Wyo- 
ming, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, and 
California. Only the 5 specimens of 
the type collection from Veta Pass, 
Colo., have spikelets with awns to 5 
cm. long. In some specimens the 
awns of the glumes vary from 5 to 16 
mm. and those of the lemmas from 7 
to 30 mm. (EHlymus saundersii var. 


243 


californicus Hoover), and in others 
from 10 to 20 mm. on the glumes and 
15 to 35 mm. on the lemmas. 


43. TRITICUM L. 


Spikelets 2- to 5-flowered, solitary, 
placed flatwise at each joint of a con- 
tinuous or articulate rachis, the ra- 
chilla  disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets or con- 
tinuous; glumes rigid, keeled, 3- to 
several-nerved, the apex abruptly 
mucronate or toothed or with one to 
several awns; lemmas broad, keeled, 
very asymmetric, many-nerved, 
abruptly pointed or awned. Low or 
rather tall annuals, with flat blades 
and thick spikes. Standard species, 
Triticum aestivum. Triticum, the old 
Latin name for wheat. 

1. Triticum aestivum L. WuH2at. 
(Fig. 328.) Culms erect, freely branch- 
ing at base, 60 to 100 cm. tall; blades 
1 to 2 cm. wide; spike mostly 5 to 12 
cm. long; internodes of rachis 3 to 6 
mm. long; spikelets broad, glabrous 
or pubescent, long-awned to awnless; 
glumes usually strongly keeled toward 
one side, the keel extending into a 
mucro, the other side usually obtusely 
angled at apex. © (T. vulgare 
Vill.; T. satevum Lam.)—Commonly 
cultivated; fields and waste places in 
the vicinity of cultivated fields or 
grain elevators, but not established. 

Spelt (7. spelta L.) and emmer (T. 
dicoccum Schrank) are sometimes 
cultivated for the grain, used for 
stock feed, and for forage. In these 
two species the rachis breaks up, each 
joint bearing a spikelet which re- 
mains entire, each floret permanently 
enclosing the grain. In spelt the 
spikelets are somewhat distant, ex- 
posing the rachis, in emmer the spike- 
lets are closely imbricate, scarcely 
exposing the rachis. A large number 
of varieties of wheat are in cultiva- 
tion; the lemmas may be glabrous 
or pubescent, the awns long or nearly 
or quite wanting. 

On the basis of the number of 
chromosomes the wheats and their 


244 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 328.—Triticum aestivum. Plant with awned spikes (bearded wheat) and a nearly awnless spike 
(beardless wheat), X 4; spikelet and floret, X 3. (Cult.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


allies may be divided into three 
groups. The group with 7 chromo- 
somes (probably the most primitive) 
includes einkorn (7’. monococcum L.). 
The group with 14 chromosomes in- 
cludes durum wheat (7. durum Desf.), 
poulard wheat (7. turgidum L.), 
Rolish® wheat (1. “polonicum 1..), 
emmer (7'. dicoccum Schrank), and 
also T’. pyramidale Perciv., T. orient- 
ale Perciv. (not Biebers. 1806), T. 
persicum Vavilov (not Aitch. and 
Hemsl. 1888), 7. dicoccoides Koern. 
and 7’. timopheevi (Zhukov.) Zhukov.” 
The group with 21 chromosomes in- 
cludes spelt and the commonly culti- 
vated wheats referred to as 7. vul- 
gare Vill. and T. compactum Host, 


245 


also T. macha Dekap. and Menab. 
and T’. sphaerococcum Perciv.” Alaska 
wheat is a variety of poulard wheat 
with branched heads. It is also known 
by several other names, such as 
Egyptian, miracle, and mummy. This 
variety is considered inferior com- 
mercially to standard varieties of 
wheat. Stories of varieties originating 
from seed found with mummies 3,000 
years old have no basis in fact. 

The origin of wheat is not known, 
as there is no native species like any 
of the cultivated forms. Some bota- 
nists have suggested species of 
Aegilops and others 7’. dicoccoides 
Koern., a wild species of Palestine, 
as the possible ancestor. 


44. AEGILOPS L. Goaterass 


Spikelets 2- to 5-flowered, solitary, turgid or cylindric, placed flatwise at 
each joint of the rachis and fitting into it, the joints thickened at the summit, 
the spikelets usually not reaching the one above on the same side, exposing 
the rachis; spike usually disarticulating near the base at maturity, falling 
entire, or finally disarticulating between the spikelets. Annuals with flat 
blades and usually awned spikes. Type species, Aegilops ovata. Name from 
Aegilops, an old Greek name for a kind of grass. 

The species of Aegilops have been recently introduced into the United 
States and in some places are becoming troublesome weeds. At maturity the 
spikes fall entire, the lowest rachis joint serving as a pointed callus to the 2- to 
several-jointed, strongly barbed fruits, which work their way into the mouths 


and noses of grazing animals and into the wool of sheep. 


Spikelets subovate; rachis not disarticulating 


‘Spikelets cylindric; rachis finally disarticulating. 


Gilummestwatinelteeayyanes see ere ae eA ie 
CHumechwatheseawiasM ee we a 


1. Aegilops cylindrica Host. 
JOINTED GOATGRASS. (Fig.329.) Culms 
erect, branching at base, 40 to 60 
em. tall; blades 2 to 3 mm. wide; 
spike cylindric, 5 to 10 cm. long; 
internodes of rachis 6 to 8 mm. long; 
spikelets 8 to 10 mm. long, glabrous 
to hispid; glumes several-nerved, 
keeled at 1 side, the keel extending 
into an awn, the main nerve of the 
other side extending into a short 
tooth; lemmas mucronate, those of 
the uppermost spikelets awned like 
the glumes; awns very scabrous, those 
of the upper spikelets about 5 cm. 


12 These names supplied by W. J. Sando, geneticist. 


iA PUAN oe ga i 


A. CYLINDRICA. 
2. <A. TRIUNCIALIS. 


long, those of the lower spikelets pro- 
gressively shorter. © —Weed in 
wheatfields, and waste places, New 
York, and Pennsylvania; Indiana to 
Wyoming and Utah, south to Texas 
and New Mexico; Washington; re- 
cently introduced from Europe. 

2. Aegilops triuncialis L. Bars 
GoATGRASS. (Fig. 330.) Culms branch- 
ing and spreading at base, 20 to 40 
em. tall; blades rather rigid, sharp- 
pointed, spreading; spike 3 to 4 cm. 
long, 2 or 3 of the lower spikelets 
often reduced, the fertile spikelets 3 
to 5; glumes with 3 strong scabrous, 
somewhat spreading awns, 4 to 8 


246 


FIGURE 329.—Aegilops Se age X< 4%. (Bush 72148, 
Mo. 


em. long; lemmas with three rigid 
unequal awns. © -—Troublesome 
weed on range land, California; ad- 
ventive in Pennsylvania; introduced 
from Europe. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


3. Aegilops ovata L. Culms tufted, 
geniculate at base, 15 to 25 em. tall; 
blades short, sharp-pointed; spike 
thick, of 2 to 4 subovate spikelets, 
the upper sterile; glumes with 4 
stiff scabrous spreading awns 2 to 3 
cm. long; lemmas usually with 1 long 
and 2 short awns. © —Weed in 
fields, California and Virginia; intro- 
duced from Europe. 


45. SECALE L. Rr 


Spikelets usually 2-flowered, soli- 
tary, placed flatwise against the 
rachis, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes and produced be- 
yond the upper floret as a minute 
stipe; glumes narrow, rigid, acumi- 
nate or subulate-pointed; lemmas 
broader, sharply keeled, 5-nerved, 
ciliate on the keel and exposed mar- 
gins, tapering into a long awn. Erect, 
mostly annual grasses, with flat blades 
and dense spikes. Type species, 
Secale cereale. Secale, the old Latin 
name for rye. 

1. Secale cereale L. Rye. (Fig. 
331.) In habit resembling wheat, but 
usually taller, the spike more slender, 
somewhat nodding, on the average 
longer. © —Commonly cultivated; 
escaped from cultivation, in fields 
and waste places. This species is 
thought to be derived from S. 
montanum Guss., a perennial native 
in the mountains of southwestern 
Asia. 

Secale montanum Guss. Culms in 
rather large dense clumps, erect or 
geniculate at the base, mostly 100 to 
135 cm. tall; blades flat, stiffly spread- 
ing; spikes somewhat drooping, 10 to 
13 cm. long, the rachis rather readily 
disarticulating; awns 1 to 2 cm. long, 
slender, scabrous. 2 —Persisting 
along roadsides around the experi- 
ment station at Pullman, Wash. 
Introduced from southwestern Asia. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 247 


Figure 330.—Aegilops triuncialis, X 1%. (Cole, Calif.) 


46. ELYMUS L. Wiup-rRyYE 


Spikelets 2- to 6-flowered, in pairs (3 or more or solitary sometimes in a few 
species) at each node of a usually continuous rachis, placed as in Agropyron 
but the rachilla distorted at base, bringing the florets more or less dorsiventral 
to the rachis; rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and between the 
florets; glumes equal, somewhat asymmetric, usually rigid, sometimes indurate 
below, narrow to subulate, 1- to several-nerved, acute to aristate; lemmas 
rounded on the back or nearly terete, obscurely 5-nerved, acute or usually 


248 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 331.—Secale cereale. Plant, X 4%; spikelet, X 3; floret, X 5. (Hill, Ill.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 249 


awned from the tip. Erect, usually rather tall perennials (one annual), with 
flat or rarely convolute blades and slender or bristly spikes, the spikelets 
usually crowded, sometimes somewhat distant. Type species, Elymus sibiricus 
L. Name from Elumos, an old Greek name for a kind of grain. The species in 
which the spikelets are mostly solitary can be distinguished from Agropyron 
by the narrow or subulate glumes. The seed of certain species (e.g., EL. mollis 
and EH. canadensis) have been used for food by the Indians. 

The species of Elymus are for the most part good forage grasses and in 
some localities form a part of the native hay. In the wooded areas of the 
Northwest, E. glaucus is one of the valuable secondary grasses of the ranges. 
The species with creeping rhizomes are likely to be of value as soil or sand 
binders. E. mollis is a natural sea-dune grass, and E. arenicola and E. flavescens 
are common on inland shifting dunes. E. triticoides is to be recommended for 
holding embankments. On the western ranges E. cinereus and E. triticoides 
are important. 


la. Plants annual; spike long-awned, nearly as broad as long........ 1. E. CAPUT-MEDUSAE. 
lb. Plants perennial; spike much longer than broad. 
2a. Rhizomes present, slender, creeping. 
Glumes lanceolate, awnless or awn-pointed. Plants of coastal dunes. 
Glumes and !emmas papery, distinctly nerved_.......-....--....-.2222222------ 2. HE. MOLLIS. 
Glumes and lemmas firm, faintly nerved (lemmas nerved at apex). 
3. E. VANCOUVERENSIS. 
Glumes subulate or very narrow. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Lemmas acute or awn-pointed, brownish or tan-colored; spikelets paired or soli- 
tary, crowded. 
Spikelets usually in pairs, or paired and solitary in a single spike; culms 60 to 
V2 Merial ore ee ole LO ee et 8. EE. TRITICOIDES. 
Spikelets solitary in short spikes; culms 10 to 20 cm. tall... 9. EH. PACIFICUS. 
Lemmas awned, the awns 3 to 14 mm. long; spikelets usually solitary, rather 
IS (ernest Caraea sea 8 AeA ed ee 10. EK. SIMPLEX. 
Spikelets densely villous to coarsely, sometimes sparsely, pubescent. 
Lemmas awned or awn-tipped; spike 5 to 15 cm. long. 


Lemmas copiously villous; awn 1 to 4 mm. long................. 6. EE. INNOVATUS. 
Lemmas hirsute or hirtellous; awn 5 to 10 mm. long........ 7. E. HIRTIFLORUS. 

Lemmas awnless; spike 10 to 25 cm. long. 
Glumes pubescent; lemmas soft, densely villous.._._......... 4. EE. FLAVESCENS. 
Glumes glabrous or nearly so; lemmas relatively firm, coarsely pubescent, some- 
UHI CSRS ATSClYA SON sac ee coos Soe GP ee 5. E. ARENICOLA. 
Lemmas glabrous to sparsely strigose; culms glabrous; spikes usually com- 
pound blades: bo:to3g5 mm: wide: 13. E. CONDENSATUS. 


Lemmas more or less pubescent; culms harsh-puberulent, at least about the 
nodes; spikes not or scarcely compound; blades 5 to 15 mm. wide. 
14. KE. CINEREUS. 
2b. Rhizomes wanting (or short and stout in H. condensatus). Plants tufted. 
3a. Rachis tardily disjointing; glumes and lemmas awned. 
Spike mostly 5 to 7 mm. wide; spikelets mostly in twos; blades subinvolute. 
18. E. MACOUNII. 
Spike 8 to 10 mm. wide; spikelets often in threes; blades flat, 5 to 10 mm. wide. 
19. E. ARISTATUS. 
3b. Rachis continuous. 
4a. Glumes subulate to subsetaceous, not broadened above the base, the nerves 
obscure except in LE. villosus. 
Lemmas awnless or awn-tipped, the awn shorter than the body. 
Spike thick, sometimes compound; spikelets commonly in twos to fours. 
Lemmas glabrous to sparsely strigose; culms glabrous; spikes usually com- 
pound; blades 15 to 35 mm. wide ..................---.---- 13. E. CONDENSATUS. 
Lemmas more or less pubescent; culms harsh-puberulent at least about the 
nodes; spikes not or scarcely compound; blades 5 to 15 mm. wide. 
14. EK. cINEREUS. 
Spike slender; some or most of the spikelets solitary at the nodes, the paired 
spikelets near the middle. 


250 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Legge ee hs ee ee ee 12. E. SALINUS. 
Culms few, loosely tufted, the leaves scattered along the usually taller culms; 
lemmas awn-tipped, the awn 2 to 5 mm. long.......... 11. E. AMBIGUUS. 


Lemmas awned, the awn as long as the body or longer. 
Awns straight; lemmas about 1.2 mm. wide across the back. 
20. E. VILLosUS. 
Awns flexuous-divergent; lemmas about 2 mm. wide across the back. 
21. E. INTERRUPTUS. 
4b. Siumes lanceolate or narrower, broadened above the base, strongly 3- to several- 
nerved. 
Glumes relatively thin, flat, several-nerved, not indurate at base. 
Lemmas sparsely long-hirsute on the margins toward the summit. 
17. E. HIRSUTUS. 
Lemmas glabrous or scabrous. 
emmiasia wn ed 22 ee i ae ee 15. E. GLAUCUS. 
Lemmas awnless or minutely awn-tipped.._....--- 16. E. VIRESCENS. 
Glumes firm, indurate at base. 
Awns divergently curved when dry; base of glumes not terete. 
22. EK. CANADENSIS. 
Awns straight; base of glumes terete. 
Glumes about 1 mm. wide about the middle, the bases not bowed out; palea 


much shorter than the lemma ae ao ee ee 23. E. RIPARIUS. 
Glumes 1.5 to 2 mm. wide about the middle, the bases bowed out; palea as 
long asthe-lemma <4 ee ee ee 24. EH. VIRGINICUS. 


Figure 332.—Elymus caput-medusae, X 1. (Vasey 3076, Wash.) 


1. Elymus caput-medisae L. (Fig. short; spike very bristly, 2 to 5 cm. 
332.) Annual; culms ascending from long (excluding the long spreading 
a decumbent, branching base, slen- awns); glumes subulate, smooth, in- 
der, 20 to 60 cm. tall; blades narrow, durate below, tapering into a slender 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


awn 1 to 2.5 cm. long; lemmas 
lanceolate, 3-nerved, 6 mm. long, very 
scabrous, tapering into a flat awn 5 
to 10cm. long. © —Open ground, 
Idaho and Washington to California; 
a bad weed, spreading on the ranges 
in northern California; introduced 
from Europe. 

2. Elymus mollis Trin. AMERICAN 
DUNEGRASS. (Fig. 333.) Culms stout, 
pubescent below the spike, glaucous, 
60 to 120 cm. tall, with numerous 
overlapping basal leaves, the rhi- 
zomes widely creeping; blades firm, 
7 to 12 mm. wide, often involute in 
drying; spike erect, dense, thick, soft, 
pale, 7 to 25 cm. long; glumes lan- 
ceolate, flat, many-nerved, scabrous 
or pubescent, 12 to 25 mm. long, 
acuminate, about as long as the 
spikelet; lemmas scabrous to felty- 
pubescent, acuminate or mucronate. NE alt 
2, —Sand dunes along the coast, NG /7 ee 
Alaska to Greenland, south to Long ; a i 
Island, N.Y., and central California; 
along Lakes Superior and Michigan; 
also eastern Siberia to Japan. Closely 
related to the European LE. arenarius 


SS 
a 


Ne 
\ NS 


Figure 333.—Elymus mollis, X 1. (Henderson 2169, 
Wash.) 


L. with culm smooth below the spike 
and glabrous glumes. A form found 
along the coast of Washington with 
somewhat compound spikes has been 
differentiated as H. arenarius var. 
compositus (Abrom.) St. John, but the 
plants are found to be diseased. 

3. Elymus vancouverénsis Vasey. 
(Fig. 334.) Resembling EH. mollis, less 
leafy; spike somewhat interrupted, 
purplish; glumes narrowly lanceolate, 
firm, gradually acuminate, 1 to 1.5 


FicurE 334.—Elymus vancouverensis, X 1. (Piper 812, Wash.) 


252 


Figure 335.—Elymus flavescens, X 1. (Merrill and 
Wilcox 160, Idaho.) 


cm. long, sparsely long-villous, es- 
pecially toward the apex; lemmas 
firm, 1 to 1.5 em. long, tapering in- 
to a short awn. 2 —Dunes and 
sandy shores, British Columbia to 
northern California. 

4. Elymus flavéscens Scribn. and 
Smith. (Fig. 335.) Culms erect, slen- 
der, glabrous, 50 to 100 cm. tall, the 
rhizomes slender, nearly vertical from 
deep slender horizontal rhizomes with 
brown scales; sheaths glabrous; blades 
firm, glabrous beneath, scabrous 
above, 2 to 5 mm. wide, flat, or 
involute in drying; spike 10 to 25 
ecm. long, sometimes with short 
branches, somewhat nodding; spike- 
lets 2 to 3 em. long, several-flowered, 
approximate or somewhat distant; 
glumes very narrow or subulate, 
pubescent, nerveless, mostly unequal, 
1 to 1.5 em. long; lemmas awnless, 
densely silky-villous, the hairs long, 
yellowish or brownish. 2 —Sand 
dunes, eastern Washington and Ore- 
gon, Idaho; South Dakota (Black 
Hills). 

5. Elymus arenicola Scribn. and 
Smith. (Fig. 336.) Resembling £. 
flavescens to which it is closely re- 
lated; glumes glabrous or nearly so; 
lemmas firmer, coarsely pubescent, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


sometimes sparsely so, or the pubes- 
cence confined to the base or mar- 
gins, the pubescence grayish rather 
than yellow. 2 -—Sandy valleys, 
often in drifting sand, Washington, 
Oregon, and Idaho. 


FiguRE 336.—Elymus arenicola, X 1. (Palmer 356, 
Idaho.) 


2719, S. Dak.) 


6. Elymus innovatus Beal. (Fig. 
337.) Resembling EL. flavescens; spike 
rather dense, 5 to 12 cm. long, the 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 253 


rachis villous; spikelets 1 to 1.5 em. 
long, the narrow glumes and the 
lemmas densely purplish or grayish- 
villous, the lemmas with an awn 
mostly 1 to 4 mm. long. 2 — 
Open woods and gravelly flats, Alaska 
to British Columbia; Montana, Wyo- 
ming, and South Dakota (Black 
Hills). 

7. Elymus hirtiflorus Hitche. (Fig. 
338.) Culms erect, tufted, 40 to 90 
em. tall, with slender creeping rhi- 
zomes; blades firm, flat or usually 
involute, glabrous beneath, 5 to 20 
cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. wide when flat; 
spike erect, 5 to 15 cm. long; spike- 
lets 4- to 6-flowered; glumes firm, 
hirsute, narrow, tapering into an awn 
about as long as the body, the entire 
length 1 to 1.5 cm.; lemmas hirsute, 
sometimes sparingly so, the lower 8 
to 9 mm. long, with an awn 5 to 10 
mm.long. 2 —River banks, Wyo- 
ming; Alberta. 

8. Elymus  triticoides Buck. 
BEARDLESS WILD-RYE. (Fig. 339.) 
Culms usually glaucous, rarely pubes- 
cent below spike, 60 to 120 cm. tall, 
commonly in large colonies from ex- 
tensively creeping scaly rhizomes; 
ligule a truncate rim about 1 mm. 


ce 


ft ore, 
pcb EEE OL 


UES 
<r 1 
gee 
LEE 
SSE 


SSS 


ZA 


oe, FFZA 


ete 
LE 


Le 
NALA Zz FG q 
a Ze 2 AS = a 7, 
SS a NIRS SS = 
pokes Ss get oe 
S SN = 2 Sr 
SS - =, ES 


FiguRE 338.—Elymus hirtiflorus. Spike, X 1; spikelet, 
x 5. (Type.) 


long; blades mostly 2 to 6 mm. wide, 
flat or soon involute; spike erect, slen- 
der to rather dense, rarely compound; 
spikelets mostly 12 to 20 mm. long; 
glumes very narrow to subulate, firm, 
nerveless or 1- to 3-nerved, awn- 


Figure 339.—Elymus triticoides, X 1. (Cusick 763, Oreg.) 


254 


Figure 340.—Elymus pacificus, X 1. (Davy 6781, 
Calif.) 


tipped, 5 to 15 mm. long, those of the 
upper spikelets usually reduced or ob- 
solete; lemmas 6 to 10 mm. long, gla- 
brous, firm, brownish, purplish or 
tawny, awn-tipped. 2 —Moist or 
alkaline soil, at low and medium ele- 
vations, Montana to Washington, 
south to western Texas and Baja 
California. ELYMUS TRITICOIDES var. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


PUBESCENS Hitche. Sheaths and invo- 
lute blades pubescent. 2 —Ore- 
gon, California, Nevada; rare. 

ELYMUS TRITICOIDES subsp. MULTI- 
FLORUS Gould. Plants robust; blades 
6 to 12 mm. wide; spike compound, 
the branches mostly short, congested, 
but sometimes to 5 cm. long; spike- 
lets 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long. 2 —Wyo- 
ming to Washington, Nevada, and 
California. Intergrades with the spe- 
cies. 

9. Elymus pacificus Gould. (Fig. 
340.) Culms low, more or less spread- 
ing, 10 to 20 cm. tall, with slender ex- 
tensively creeping rhizomes; blades 
involute, mostly longer than the 
culms, pungent-pointed; spike 2 to 5 
em. long, the rachis glabrous; spike- 
lets solitary, few-flowered, 12 to 15 
mm. long; glumes nerveless, firm, 
tapering into a short awn; lemmas 
about 1 cm. long, obscurely nerved, 
pointed or awn-tipped, the margin 
very narrowly hyaline. (Agropyron 
arenicola Davy, not Elymus arenicola 
Scribn. and Smith.) 2 —Sandy 
seacoast, middle California. 

10. Elymus simplex Scribn. and 
Williams. (Fig. 341.) More exten- 
sively creeping than EL. triticozdes, the 
rhizomes sometimes as much as 5 m. 
long; culms ascending, 50 to 90 cm. 
tall; sheaths crowded, the lower often 
becoming reddish and papery; blades 
firm, flat or loosely rolled, strongly 
nerved; spikes 5 to 20 cm. long; spike- 
lets as much as 2.5 cm. long, usually 
distant, solitary or sometimes paired; 
glumes subulate-aristate, 1 to 2 em. 
long; rachilla villous; lemmas gla- 
brous, the margins hyaline, awned, 
the awn 3 to 14 mm. long. A — 
River banks, alkaline flats, drifting 
sands, and rocky slopes, southern 
Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. Val- 
uable in erosion control. 

11. Elymus ambiguus Vasey and 
Scribn. (Fig. 342.) Culms few, loosely 
tufted, erect, 30 to 70 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous; blades flat to subinvolute, 
2 to 5 mm. wide, scabrous; spike 
erect, rather dense, 5 to 15 cm. long; 
spikelets solitary toward the base and 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 255 


apex of the spike, mostly 2- to 4-flow- 
ered; glumes subulate, scabrous 
toward the awned tip; lemmas gla- 
brous or scabrous on the back, about 
1 cm. long, short-awned, the awn 2 
to 5mm. long. 2 —Open slopes at 
medium altitudes in the mountains, 
Montana, Colorado, and Utah. Eny- 
MUS AMBIGUUS Var. STRIGOSUS (Rydb.) 
Hitche. Lemmas strigose or pub- 
escent. 2 (EH. strigosus Rydb., 
lemmas strigose; E. villiflorus Rydb.) 
lemmas pubescent.)—Wyoming, Col- 
orado. 

12. Elymus salinus Jones. SALINA 
WILD-RYE. (Fig. 348.) Culms erect, 30 
to 80 cm. tall, sometimes scabrous be- 
low nodes and below spike; sheaths 
scabrous; blades firm, involute, sca- 
brous, or rarely softly pubescent; 
spike slender, erect, 5 to 12 em. long; 
spikelets mostly solitary, often rather 
distant, 1 to 1.5 cm. long; glumes sub- 
ulate, 4 to 8 mm. long, sometimes re- 
duced, glabrous or scabrous; lemmas 
about 1 cm. long, awnless or rarely 
awn-tipped, glabrous or scabrous, 
rarely sparsely strigose, the nerves 
obscure. 2 —Rocky slopes and 
sagebrush hills, Wyoming and Col- 
orado to Idaho, Nevada, and southern 
California. 

13. Elymus condensatus Presl. 
GIANT WILD-RYE. (Fig. 344.) Culms 
robust, in large tufts, usually 2 to 3 
m. tall, with short thick rhizomes; 
ligule 2 to 5 mm. long; blades firm, 
strongly nerved, flat, as much as 3 
cm. wide; spike erect, dense, 15 to 50 
cm. long, usually more or less com- 
pound, the branches erect, 2 to 7 cm. 
long; spikelets often in threes to fives, 
commonly distorted by pressure; 
glumes subulate, awn-pointed, usu- 
ally 1-nerved or nerveless, about as 
long as the first lemma, sometimes 
longer; lemmas glabrous to sparsely 
strigose, with a hyaline margin, awn- 
less or mucronate. 2 —Sand 
dunes, sandy or rocky slopes, moist 
ravines, mostly near the coast, Ala- 
meda County to San Diego County, 
Calif., and on the adjacent islands off 
the coast. 


W. \it///7 


Figure 342.— Elymus 
ambiguus, X 1. 
(Hitchcock 10990, 

olo.) 


Figure 343. — Elymus 
salinus, X 1. (Ryd- 
berg 2041, Wyo.) 


256 


\SS 


~~ 


ESN 
S 


FiguRE 344.—Elymus condensatus, X 1. (Pringle in 
1882, Calif.) 


14. Elymus cinéreus Scribn. and 
Merr. (Fig. 345.) Culms robust, but 
less so than in E. condensatus, typi- 
cally without rhizomes, harsh-puberu- 
lent, at least about the nodes; sheaths 
and blades glabrous to densely harsh- 


Figure 345.— Elymus 
cinereus, X 1. (Butler 
839, Calif.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


iV I 
Ni 


puberulent, the blades mostly less 
than 15 mm. wide; spikes 10 to 25 cm. 
long (mostly 12 to 20 em.), thick and 
dense but typically not branched, or 
with 1 of the 3 to 5 spikelets at a node 
pedicellate; glumes and lemmas like 
those of EL. condensatus, but the lem- 
mas more or less pubescent. 2 (LH. 
condensatus var. pubens Piper.)— 
River banks, ravines, moist or dry 
slopes and plains, mostly at higher 
altitudes than the preceding, Minne- 
sota to British Columbia, south to 
Colorado, and California. On the 
whole this appears to be distinct from 
E. condensatus, but a rather large 
number of specimens from Wyoming 
to California have branched spikes, 


\ Figure 346.—Elymus glaucus, X 1. 
i, wily (Chase 5150, Idaho.) 
some with blades to 15 mm. wide, a 
few with rhizomes. These intermedi- 
ate specimens are more or less harshly 
puberulent, at least about the nodes. 
The seeds are sometimes used for food 
by the Indians. 

15. Elymus glaticus Buckl. BLUE 
WILD-RYE. (Fig. 346.) Culms in loose 
to dense tufts, often bent at base, 
erect, 60 to 120 em. tall, without rhi- 
zomes, leafy; sheaths smooth or sca- 
brous; blades flat, usually lax, mostly 
8 to 15 mm. wide, usually scabrous on 
both surfaces, sometimes narrow and 
subinvolute; spike long-exserted, from 
erect to somewhat nodding, usually 
dense, commonly 5 to 20 cm. long, 
occasionally longer; glumes lanceolate 
at base, 8 to 15 mm. long, with 2 to 5 
strong scabrous nerves, acuminate or 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


awn-pointed; lemmas awned, the awn 
1 to 2 times as long as the body, erect 
to spreading. 2 —Open woods, 
copses, and dry hills at low and medi- 
um altitudes, Ontario and Michigan 
to southern Alaska, south through 
South Dakota and Colorado to New 
Mexico and California; Iowa, Mis- 
souri, and Arkansas. Exceedingly va- 
riable, the commonest form is loosely 
tufted, with lax blades 10 to 15 mm. 
wide and somewhat nodding spike, 
but plants with narrower blades and 
stiff spikes are frequent, the extreme 
form differentiated as EL. angustzfolius 
Davy. The original specimen de- 
scribed by Buckley is a rather small 
plant intermediate in blades and 
spike. ELYMUS GLAUCUS var. JEPSONI 
Davy. Sheaths and blades pubescent. 
21 —British Columbia to Califor- 
nia; Montana and Nevada. 


Wan 
Mi 


Figure 347.—Elymus virescens, X 1. (Flett, Wash.) 


16. Elymus viréscens Piper. (Fig. 
047.) Resembling EH. glaucus and 
nearly as variable in habit, often de- 
cumbent at base; sheaths from gla- 
brous to retrorsely pubescent, blades 
2 to 12 mm. wide, glabrous to harsh- 
puberulent; spike 5 to 15 cm. long, 
dense, spikelets imbricate; glumes 
flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide, strongly nerved, 
pointed or awn-tipped; lemmas gla- 
brous to scabrous, barely awn-tipped 
or with anawn1to4mm. long. 2 
Moist woods, southern Alaska to 
California. 

17. Elymus hirsiitus Pres]. (Fig. 
348.) Culms solitary or in small tufts, 


257 


Figure 348.—Elymus hirsutus, X 5. (Thompson 7332, 
Wash.) 


50 to 140 cm. tall, rather weak; blades 
flat, lax, 4 to 10 mm. wide, scabrous; 
spike drooping, mostly loose, the 
rachis exposed; spikelets mostly about 
15 mm. long; glumes about 1 mm. 
wide, strongly nerved, awned; lem- 
mas sparsely long-hirsute along the 
margin toward the summit, some- 
times coarsely pubescent on the back, 
the slender awn flexuous or divergent, 
to em donee) Ol | Mioist 
woods or open ground, Alaska to 
Oregon. 

18. Elymus macounii Vasey. 
MACOUN WILD-RYE. (Fig. 349.) Culms 


258 


Figure 349.—EHlymus macounii. Disar- | 
ticulating spike, X 1. (Anderson, Mont.) || 
densely tufted, erect, slender, 50 to 
100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or 
rarely pubescent; blades erect, rather 
firm, subinvolute, usually scabrous 
on both surfaces, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
mostly 2 to 5 mm. wide; spike slen- 
der, erect or somewhat nodding, 4 
to 12 em. long, usually about 5 mm. 
thick (excluding awns), the slender 
rachis tardily disarticulating; spike- 
lets imbricate, appressed, mostly 2- 
flowered, about 1 cm. long, excluding 
the awns; glumes very narrow, sca- 
brous, slightly divergent but not 
bowed out at base, the midnerve 
usually distinct; lemmas scabrous 
toward the apex, extending into slen- 
der straight awns 1 to 2 cm. long. 
2} —Meadows and open ground, 
Minnesota to Alaska and eastern 
Washington, south to Iowa, Kansas, 
New Mexico, and California. (Said by 
Stebbins to be a hybrid between 
Agropyron trachycaulum and species 
of Hordeum.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


19. Elymus aristatus Merr. (Fig. 
350.) Culms tufted, rather leafy, 
erect, 70 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous, blades flat, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
spike erect, dense, 6 to 14 cm. long, 
5 to 10 mm. thick, the rachis tardily 
disarticulating; spikelets closely im- 
bricate, often in threes, 1- to 2-flow- 
ered, about 1 cm. long, excluding the 
awns; glumes subsetaceous, scabrous, 
10 to 20 mm. long; lemmas slightly 
wider than in EF. macounii, sparsely 
scabrous at least on the upper half, 
the slender straight awn 10 to 20 
mm.long. 2 —Meadows and open 
slopes, at middle altitudes, Wyoming 
to Washington, south to Nevada 
and California. 


\\ | y) / 


Figure 350.—Elymus aristatus, X 1. (Chase 4762, 
daho.) 


20. Elymus vill6sus Muhl. (Fig. 
351.) Culms in small tufts, ascending, 
slender, 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous to pilose; blades flat, lax, 
pubescent on upper surface, glabrous 
and glossy to scabrous beneath; 
spike drooping, dense, 5 to 12 cm. 
long; glumes subsetaceous, spreading, 
distinctly nerved above the firm 
cylindric nerveless divergent or some- 
what bowed-out base, hirsute, 12 to 
20 mm. long; lemmas nerved toward 
the tip, hispidulous to hirsute, 7 to 
9 mm. long, about 1.2 mm. across 
the back, the straight slender awn 
1 to, 3 cmy lones Qe CEs status: 
American authors, not Willd.) Moist 
or dry woods and shaded slopes, 
Canada and Vermont to North Da- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


kota and Wyoming, south to South 
Carolina, Alabama, and Texas. KE. 
ARKANSANUS Scribn. and Ball (E. 
villosus forma arkansanus Fernald), 
a relatively rare form with usually 
slightly stouter culms, the spikes 
mostly less drooping, scabrous glumes, 
and glabrous to scabrous lemmas, is 
found sparingly in Illinois, North 


Figure 351.—Elymus gilloeus, < 1. (Commons 163, 
el.) 


259 


Figure 352.—Elymus es X 1. (Grant 3071, 


Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, 
Missouri, Maryland, Virginia, North 
Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ar- 
kansas, Texas, and Wyoming. Large 
specimens resemble EL. rzparius, but 
the palea reaches the base of the awn. 

21. Elymus interriptus  Buckl. 
(Fig. 352.) Culms erect, 70 to 130 
em. tall; sheaths glabrous; blades 
flat scabrous, 5 to 12 mm. wide; 
spike flexuous or nodding, 8 to 20 
ecm. long; glumes setaceous or nearly 
so, 1 to 3 cm. long, one or both 
reduced in occasional spikelets, most- 
ly flexuous or spreading, the nerves 
obscure at least toward the base; 
lemmas hirsute to scabrous, or gla- 
brous, about 1 cm. long, about 2 mm. 
across the back, the awn flexuous 
or divergent, 1 to 3 cm. long. 2 
(E. diversiglumis Scribn. and Ball.)— 


260 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 353.—Elymus canadensis. Plant, X 4%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Lansing 3240, Mich.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 261 


Rich, open moist soil, Michigan to 
North Dakota and Wyoming; Ten- 
nessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, 
New Mexico. 

22. Elymus canadénsis L. Canapa 
WILD-RYE. (Fig. 353.) Green or often 
glaucous; culms erect, tufted, mostly 
1 to 1.5 m. tall; sheaths glabrous or 
rarely pubescent; blades flat, sca- 
brous or sparsely hispid on the upper 
surface, mostly 1 to 2 cm. wide; 
spike thick and bristly, nodding or 
drooping, often interrupted below, 10 
to 25 cm. long, sometimes glaucous; 
spikelets commonly in threes or fours, 
slightly spreading; glumes narrow, 
mostly 2- to 4-nerved, scabrous, 
sometimes hispid but less so than the 
lemmas, the bases somewhat indurate 
and divergent but scarcely bowed 
out, the awn about as long as the 
body; lemmas scabrous-hirsute to 
hirsute-pubescent, rarely glabrous, 
strongly nerved above, the awn di- 
vergently curved when dry, 2 to 3 
cm. long. 2 M—River banks, open 
ground, and sandy soil, Quebec to 
southern Alaska, south to North 
Carolina, Missouri, Texas, Arizona, 
and northern California. LE. wiegandii 
Fernald has been differentiated on 
lax inflorescence, shorter glumes, and 
thin flat blades, pilose on the nerves. 
These characters are found to be 
rarely coordinated, loose flexuous 
spikes being not infrequent in humid 
regions, rarer in dry areas; pilose 
blades are very rare. ELYMUS CANA- 
DENSIS var. ROBUSTUS (Scribn. and 
Smith) Mackenz. and Bush. Differ- 
ing in the stouter and denser only 
slightly nodding very bristly spikes. 
2| —Prairies, Massachusetts to 
Montana, south to Kentucky, Mis- 
sourl, Texas, and Arizona. E.ymus 
CANADENSIS var. BRACHYSTACHYS 
(Scribn. and Ball) Farwell. Lemmas 
glabrous or nearly so. 2 —Moist 
open or partly shaded ground, Ar- 
kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and New 
Mexico; Mexico. Grades into E. 
canadensis; many specimens of £. 
canadensis from Kansas to North 
Dakota have sparingly hirsute lem- 


mas, showing a transition to this 
variety. 

23. Elymus riparius Wiegand. (Fig. 
354.) Culms rather slender, erect, 1 
to 1.5 m. tall; sheaths glabrous; 
blades rather thin, flat, 5 to 15 mm. 
wide, scabrous; spike somewhat 
nodding, 7 to 20 cm. long; glumes 
narrow, about 1 mm. wide at the 
middle, 2- to 4-nerved, somewhat 
indurate but scarcely bowed out at 
base; lemmas minutely hispidulous 
to glabrous, the awn straight, mostly 
2to3cm. long. 2 —River banks 


Figure 354.—Elymus Baa X 1. (Woodward, 
onn. 


and low ground, Quebec and Maine 
to Wisconsin and Nebraska, south to 
North Carolina, Arkansas, and Kan- 
sas. Differing from E. virginicus var. 
glabriflorus in the nodding spike and 
less indurate glumes; from E. cana- 
densis in the straight awns and’ 
narrower and somewhat more in- 
durate glumes. When the ranges of 
E. riparius and E. canadensis coin- 
cide the latter may be distinguished 
by the hirsute lemmas. 

24, Elymus virginicus L. VIRGINIA 
WILD-RYE. (Fig. 355.) Culms tufted, 
erect, 60 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous; blades flat, scabrous, mostly 
5 to 15 mm. wide; spike usually erect, 
often partly included, 5 to 15 cm. 
long; glumes strongly nerved, firm, 
indurate, yellowish, nerveless and 
bowed out at base leaving a rounded 
sinus, broadened above (1.5 to 2 
mm. wide), scabrous, the apex some- 


262 


what curved, tapering into a straight 
awn, about as long as the body or 
shorter; lemmas glabrous and nerve- 
less below, scabrous and  nerved 
above, tapering into a straight awn 
usually about 1 cm. long. A — 


NZ 


Yj 
i /| 
VW 


\\ 


d 


FIGURE 355.—Elymus virginicus, X 1. (Hitchcock 79, 
Va.) 


Moist ground, low woods, and along 
streams, Newfoundland to Alberta, 
south to Florida and Arizona. Some- 
times called Terrell grass. A variable 
species of which the following inter- 
grading varieties may be distin- 
guished. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS var. GLABRI- 
FLORUS (Vasey) Bush. Glumes mostly 
less bowed out; lemmas glabrous; 
awns mostly 2 to 3 cm. long, the 
spike more bristly. 2 —Maine to 
Kansas, south to Florida and New 
Mexico. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS var. HALO- 
PHILUS (Bickn.) Wiegand. More slen- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


der, usually glaucous; blades narrow- 
er, often becoming involute; spikes 
and spikelets somewhat smaller. 

21 —Brackish marshes and moist 
sand along the coast, Maine to Vir- 
ginia. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS var. SUBMU- 
TIcuS Hook. Glumes and lemmas 
awnless or nearly so. 2 —Woods 
and open ground, Quebec to Wash- 
ington, south to Rhode Island; Ohio 
and Kentucky to Oklahoma and 
Montana; Utah. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS var. INTER- 
MEDIUS (Vasey) Bush. Glumes, lem- 
mas, and rachis more or less hirsute, 
the awns about as in E. virgin- 
cus. 2 (EH. hirsutiglumts Scribn.)— 
Thickets and low ground, Maine to 
Iowa, south to Florida and Texas. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS Var. AUSTRALIS 
(Scribn. and Ball) Hitche. Differing 
from E. virginicus var. intermedius 
in the stouter, bristly spike and 
longer awns; differing from LE. virgin- 
icus var. glabriflorus in the hirsute 
or strongly scabrous glumes and lem- 
mas. 2 —Prairies, rocky hills, and 
open woods, Vermont to Iowa, south 
to Florida, Kentucky, and Texas. 

ELYMUS GIGANTEUS Vahl. Robust peren- 
nial from stout rhizomes; blades numerous 
at base, elongate; spike dense, 15 to 20 cm. 
long, about 2 cm. thick; glumes and lemmas 
sharp-pointed, the glumes glabrous, the lem- 
mas pubescent below. 2 —Occasionally 
cultivated for ornament. Siberia. 


47. SITANION Raf. SqurRRELTAIL 


Spikelets 2- to few-flowered, the uppermost floret reduced, usually 2 at 
each node of a disarticulating rachis, the rachis breaking at the base of each 
jot, remaining attached as a pointed stipe to the spikelets above; glumes 
narrow or setaceous, |- to 3-nerved, the nerves prominent, extending into one 
to several awns, these (when more than one) irregular in size, sometimes mere 
lateral appendages of the long central awn, sometimes equal, the glume 
being bifid; lemmas firm, convex on the back, nearly terete, 5-nerved, the 
nerves obscure, the apex slightly 2-toothed, the central nerve extending into 
a long, slender, finally spreading awn, sometimes one or more of the lateral 
nerves also extending into short awns; palea firm, nearly as long as the body 
of the lemma, the two keels serrulate. Low or rather tall tufted perennials, 
with bristly spikes. Type species, Sztanion elymoides Raf. (S. hystrix). Name 
from Greek sztos, grain. 

The species are exceedingly variable, being glabrous to densely pubescent 
and green to glaucous; the glumes and lemmas vary in division and length of 
awns. Some 15 to 25 variations have been recognized as species, but study of 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 263 


extensive collections shows that most of the characters used in differentiating 
the forms are inconstant and combine in various ways. 

The species are widespread in the Western States but do not form com- 
plete stands. They have forage value when young but at maturity the dis- 
articulating Joints of the spike, with their pointed rachis joints and long- 
awned spikelets, are blown about by the wind and often cause injury to stock, 
penetrating the mouth, nose, and ears, working in by means of the forwardly 
roughened awns, and causing inflammation. Grazed also after the heads are 


blown off. The commonest species is S. hystrix. 


Spike much longer than broad; glumes narrowly lanceolate, 2- to 4-nerved. 


1. 
Spike as broad as long or broader; glumes bristlelike, 1- or obscurely 2-nerved. 
Glumes cleft into at least 3 fine divisions.... 


1. Sitanion hanséni (Scribn.) J. 
G. Smith. HANSEN SQUIRRELTAIL. 
(Fig. 356.) Culms 60 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths and blades glabrous or sca- 
brous to softly pubescent, the blades 
flat to subinvolute, 2 to 8 mm. wide; 
spike somewhat nodding or flexuous, 
8 to 20 cm. long; glumes narrowly 
lanceolate, sometimes bifid, 2- to 3- 
nerved, long-awned, lower lemmas 
about 8 mm. long, the awn 4 to 5 
em. long, divergent when dry and 
mature. 2} —Open woods and 
rocky slopes, Wyoming to eastern 
Washington, Utah, and California. 
Pubescent plants have been differen- 
tiated as S. anomalum J. G. Smith. 
(S. hanseni is said by Stebbins to 
consist of a series of hybrids between 
Elymus glaucus and Sitanion jubatum 
or S. hystrix.) 

2. Sitanion jubatum J. G. Smith. 
BiG SQUIRRELTAIL. (Fig. 357.) Culms 
erect to ascending, 20 to 60 cm. tall, 
rarely taller; foliage glabrous or sca- 
brous to white-villous, the blades flat, 
often becoming involute, mostly not 
more than 4 mm. wide; spike erect, 
dense, 3 to 10 cm. long, thick and 
bushy from the numerous long slen- 
der spreading awns; glumes split into 
3 or more long awns; lemmas mostly 
8 to 10 mm. long, smooth, or scabrous 
toward apex, the awns and those of 
the glumes spreading, 3 to 10 cm. 
long, rarely shorter. 21 —Rocky or 
brushy hillsides and open dry woods 
and plains, Idaho to eastern Wash- 
ington, south to Utah, Nevada, Ari- 
zona, and Baja California. Occasion- 


Hse NUE CURIA tee Adu cee 3080: 


S. HANSENI. 


S. JUBATUM. 
HYSTRIX. 


Fiaure 356.—Sitanion han- 
sent, X %. (Suksdorf 
5237, Wash.) 


ally a few of the glumes in a spike are 
divided into only 2 awns. Short- 
awned plants have been differentiated 
as S. breviaristatum J. G. Smith and 
the more densely pubescent plants as 
S. villosum J. G. Smith. 

3. Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. 
Smith. S@qurrRELTAIL. (Fig. 358.) 
Culms erect to spreading, rather stiff, 
10 to 50 cm. tall; foliage from glabrous 
or puberulent to softly and densely 
white-pubescent, the blades flat to in- 
volute, rather stiffly ascending to 
spreading, 5 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 3 
mm. wide, rarely as much as 5 mm. 
wide; spike mostly short-exserted or 
partly included, erect, 2 to 7 cm., 
rarely 10 cm., long or longer, the 
glumes very narrow, 1- to 2-nerved, 
the nerves extending into scabrous 
awns, sometimes bifid to the middle, 
or bearing a bristle or awn along one 
margin; lemmas convex, smooth or 
scabrous to appressed pubescent, 
sometimes glaucous, the awns of 
glumes and lemmas widely spreading, 
2 to 10 cm. long. 2 —Dry hills, 


264 


plains, open woods, and rocky slopes, 
South Dakota to British Columbia, 
south to Missouri, Texas, California, 
and Mexico. At high altitudes plants 
often dwarf. Softly pubescent plants 
have been differentiated as S. cine- 
reum J. G. Smith (the pubescence 
whitish) and SS. velutinum Piper; 


4 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


short-awned plants as S. znsulare J. 
G. Smith and S. marginatum Scribn. 
and Merr.; rather small plants with 
unusually slender awns as S. minus J. 
G. Smith, and tall plants with coarse 
spikes as S. brevifolawm J. G. Smith, 
S. longifolium J. G. Smith, and S. 
montanum J. G. Smith. 


Figure 357.—Sitanion jubatum. Pair of spikelets, X 2. (Type.) 


48. HYSTRIX Moench 


Spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, 1 to 4 at each node of a continuous flattened 
rachis, horizontally spreading or ascending at maturity; glumes reduced to 
short or minute awns, the first usually obsolete, both often wanting in the 
upper spikelets; lemmas convex, rigid, tapering into long awns, 5-nerved, the 
nerves obscure except toward the tip; palea about as long as the body of the 
lemma. Erect perennials, with flat blades and bristly, loosely flowered spikes. 
Type species, Elymus hystrix L. ( Hystrix patula). Hustrix, Greek name for the 
porcupine, alluding to the bristly spikes. The species have little forage value, as 


pa 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 265 


Figure 358.—Sitanion hystrix. Plant, X 1%; spikelet and floret, X 3. (Hitchcock 2289, Colo.) 


they are nowhere abundant. The first species is worthy of cultivation for 
ornament. 


Spikelets soon divergent; lemmas glabrous or pubescent, not hispid.......... 1. H. paruwa. 
Spikelets ascending or appressed; lemmas appressed-hispid................ 2. HH, CALIFORNICA. 


266 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 359.—Hystriz patula. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 3. (Moyer, Minn.) 


1. Hystrix patula Moench. Bort- nodding, 8 to 15 em. long, the inter- 
TLEBRUSH. (Fig. 359.) Culms slender, nodes of the slender rachis 5 to 10 
60 to 120 em. tall; sheaths glabrous or mm. long; spikelets mostly in pairs, 1 
scabrous, rarely retrorsely pubescent; to 1.5 cm. long, horizontally spreading 
blades mostly 7 to 15 mm, wide; spike toward maturity; lemmas glabrous or 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


sometimes coarsely pubescent, the 
awns 1 to 4 cm. long, slender, straight. 
2 (H. hystrix Millsp.)—Moist or 
rocky woods, Nova Scotia to North 
Dakota, south to Georgia and Arkan- 
sas. Plants with pubescent lemmas 
have been differentiated as H. patula 
var. bigeloviana (Fernald) Deam. Such 
plants occur throughout the range, 
except from Delaware, Maryland, and 
southward. 

2. Hystrix californica (Boland.) 
Kuntze. (Fig. 360.) Culms stout, 1 to 
2m. tall; sheaths hispid or the upper 
smooth; blades as much as 2 cm. 
wide; spike 12 to 25 cm. long; spike- 
lets usually 3 or 4 at a node, 1.2 to 
1.5 cm. long, thicker than in JH. 
patula, ascending at maturity; lem- 


267 


if 
t 
fi 


= 
> 
——— 


WS SSS 
“SSS 


Figure 360.—Hystriz californica. Spike, X 4; floret, 
X 3. (Vasey, Calif.) 


banks, near the coast, Sonoma 
County to Santa Cruz County, Calif. 
In addition to the sessile spikelets 


there may be a short branch bearing 


mas hispidulous, the awn about 2 cm. 
1 or 2 spikelets. 


long. 2 —Woods and _ shaded 


49. HORDEUM L. Barry 


Spikelets 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered), 3 (sometimes 2) together at each 
node of the articulate rachis (continuous in Hordeum vulgare), the back of the 
lemma turned from the rachis, the middle spikelet sessile, the lateral ones 
pediceled (except in H. vulgare and H. montanense) ; rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes and, in the central spikelet, prolonged behind the palea as a 
bristle and sometimes bearing a rudimentary floret; lateral spikelets usually 
imperfect, sometimes reduced to bristles; glumes narrow, often subulate and 
awned, standing in front of the spikelet; lemmas rounded on the back, 5- 
nerved, usually obscurely so, tapering into a usually long awn. Annual or 
perennial low or rather tall grasses, with flat blades and dense bristly spikes, 
disarticulating at the base of the rachis segment, this remaining as a stipe 
below the attached triad of spikelets. Type species, Hordewm vulgare. Hordeum, 
the old Latin name for barley. 

Aside from the well-known cultivated barley, H. vulgare, the species are of 
relatively minor value. All furnish forage when young, but many species are 
aggressive weeds and some (especially H. jubatum) at maturity are injurious 
to stock because of the sharp-pointed joints of the mature spikes, which pierce 
the nose and mouth parts. The auricle at the base of the blades, characteristic 
of Hordeae, is wanting in some species of this genus. 


Plants perennial; awns slender; auricle wanting. 
Lateral spikelets sessile; central spikelet usually 2-flowered............ 1. 
Lateral spikelets pedicellate. 
Spike, including awns, as broad as long or nearly so (narrower in var. caespitosum) ; 
AWAISECNULOROM CM: HONG wedi hw) Yee . H. JUBATUM. 
Spike, including awns, much longer than broad, awns not more than 1 cm. long. 
Floret of lateral spikelet evident, from staminate to reduced and empty; spike 6 to 
10 mm. wide; blades 3 to 8 mm. wide.....................--- 3. H. BRACHYANTHERUM. 
Floret of lateral spikelets scarcely distinct from its awn; spike about 5 mm. wide; 
bladese2rtors: mma, wide:: ees eM ee 4, H. CALIFORNICUM. 
Plants annual, branching at base; awns mostly stouter. 
Blades with prominent auricles at base. 
Rachis continuous, the 3 spikelets sessile............-..-----------------+----------- 11. 


H. MONTANENSE. 


H. VULGARE. 


268 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Rachis disarticulating; lateral spikelets pedicellate. 
Floret of lateral spikelets longer and broader than that of central spikelet; rachis 


internodes mostly 3 mm. long 


i Pele Pe meee ne 9. ED 


Floret of lateral spikelets not larger than that of central spikelet: rachis internodes 
ul 


mostly 2 mm. long 
Blades without auricles. 


H. STEBBINSII. 


Glumes of the fertile spikelet dilated above the base... 5. H. PUSsILLUM. 


Glumes of the fertile spikelet not dilated. 


Awns slender, 1.5 to 2 em. long, fragile; one glume of lateral spikelets slightly dilated. 


Awns relatively stout. 


H. ARIZONICUM. 


Floret of lateral spikelets awnless; glumes slender, not rigid, not bowed out. 


H. DEPRESSUM. 


Floret of lateral spikelets awned; glumes thickened and slightly bowed out below, 


rigid 


1. Hordeum montanénse Scribn. 
(Fig. 361.) Culms 60 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths glabrous; blades flat, lax, sca- 
brous, 5 to 8 mm. wide; spike nodding, 
8 to 17 em. long; central spikelets usu- 
ally 2-flowered, with a rudiment of a 
third floret; lateral spikelets sessile, 
usually well developed; glumes 
slightly broadened above the base, 1 
to 3.5 em. long including awns; lower 
floret of central spikelet about 8 mm. 
long, the awn 1.5 to 3.5 cm. long. 
1 (H. pammeli Scribn. and Ball.)— 
Prairies, Illinois, lowa, South Dakota, 
Montana, and Wyoming. Variable 
and somewhat anomalous; lateral 
spikelets sometimes with 2 florets. 
Approaches Elymus; specimens re- 
ferred by geneticists to hybrid Hor- 
deum gubatum X Elymus virginicus. 

2. Hordeum jubatum L. Foxtarn 
BARLEY. (Fig. 362.) Perennial, tufted; 
culms erect, or decumbent at base, 30 
to 60 em. tall; blades 2 to 5mm. wide, 
scabrous; spike nodding, 5 to 10 cm. 
long, about as wide, soft, pale; lateral 
spikelets reduced to 1 to 3 spreading 
awns; glumes of perfect spikelet awn- 
like, 2.5 to 6 cm. long, spreading; 
lemma 6 to 8 mm. long with an awn 
as long as the glumes. 21 —Open 
ground, meadows and waste places, 
Newfoundland and Labrador to 
Alaska, south to Maryland, Missouri, 
Texas, California, and Mexico; intro- 
duced in the Eastern States. A trou- 
blesome weed in the Western States, 
especially in irrigated meadows. Hor- 
DEUM JUBATUM var. CAESPITOSUM 
(Seribn.) Hitche. BoBraiL BARLEY. 
Awns 1.5 to 3 em. long. (H. caespi- 


H. HYSTRIX. 


\\ 


FIGURE 361.—Hordeum montanense, X 1. (V. H. 
Chase 1467, Ill.) 
tosum Scribn.) North Dakota to 


Alaska, south to California and Ari- 
zona; Mexico. 

3. Hordeum brachyantherum Nev- 
ski. MBADOW BARLEY. (Fig. 363.) 
Perennial, tufted; culms erect or as- 
cending, 20 to 70 cm., sometimes to 
100 cm., tall; lower sheaths thin, often 
shredded, softly retrorse-pubescent to 
glabrous; blades 3 to 8 mm., mostly 3 
to 6mm., wide, spike erect or slightly 
nodding, 8 to 10 cm. long, rarely 
longer, sometimes purplish; floret of 
central spikelet usually 7 to 10 mm. 
long, typically 1.5 mm. wide, the awn 
about 1 cm. long, the glumes slightly 
shorter; glumes of lateral spikelets 
usually unequal, somewhat shorter, 
the floret from well developed and 
staminate to much reduced and 
empty (occasionally a staminate and 


LEPORINUM. ~ 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


269 


FiguRE 362.—Hordeum jubatum, X 1. (Blankinship 189, Mont.) 


an empty lateral floret in the same 
triad), the awn 2 to 5 mm. long; spike- 
lets extremely variable, the spike 
sometimes slender, the perfect floret 
5 to 6 mm. long, the awn 5 to 6 mm. 
(The name H. nodosum L. has been 
misapplied to this species.) 2 — 
Meadows, bottom lands, salt marshes, 
grassy slopes up to 3,000 m., Aleutian 
Islands and Alaska to California; 
Labrador, Newfoundland; Montana 
to New Mexico and Arizona to Cali- 
fornia; adventive Maine, Indiana, 
Mississippi. 

4. Hordeum cealif6rnicum Covas 
and Stebbins. Densely tufted peren- 
nial; culms slender, 30 to 55 em. tall; 
lower sheaths softly retrorse-pubes- 
cent to glabrous; blades 2 to 3 mm. 
wide, the auricle wanting; spike erect, 
2.5 to 6 cm. long, mostly purplish; 
floret of central spikelet 6 to 7 (rarely 
8) mm. long, the awn 4 to 10 mm. 


long, the rachilla behind the palea 
often wanting; floret of lateral spike- 
let much reduced, scarcely distinct 
from the awn. 2 —Meadows, 
dried creek beds, and brushy flats and 
slopes, Oregon and California; scarce, 
probably depauperate dry ground 
plants of the preceding. 

5. Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Lirrie 
BARLEY. (Fig. 364.) Annual; culms 10 
to 35 cm. tall; blades erect, flat, the 
auricle wanting; spike erect, 2 to 7 
em. long, 10 to 14 mm. wide; first 
glume of the lateral spikelets and both 
glumes of the fertile spikelet dilated 
above the base, attenuate into a slen- 
der awn 8 to 15 mm. long, the glumes 
very scabrous; lemma of central spike- 
let awned, of lateral spikelets awn- 
pointed. © —Plains and open, es- 
pecially alkaline, ground, Delaware to 
Washington, south to Florida, south- 
ern California, and northern Mexico; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


270 


Figure 363.—Hordeum brachyantherum. Plant, X 1; group of spikelets and floret, X 3. (Whited 433, Wash.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


adventive in Maine and Pennsylva- 
nia; common westward, rare in the 
Atlantic States; also southern South 
America. HoRDEUM PUSILLUM var. 
PUBENS Hitche. Spike broader; spike- 
lets pubescent; dilated glumes wider. 
© —Texas to Utah and Arizona. 


Figure 364.—Hordeum pusillum, X 1. 
(Hitchcock 11102, S. Dak.) 


6. Hordeum arizénicum Covas. 
(Fig. 365.) Annual; culms geniculate 
at base, 20 to 60 cm. tall; lower 
sheaths pubescent, the upper more or 
less inflated; blades 3 to 5 mm. wide, 
sparsely pubescent, the auricle want- 
ing; spike erect, 3 to 12 cm. long; flo- 
ret of central spikelet 8 to 9 mm. long, 
1.5 mm. wide, the awn 15 to 22 mm. 
long, the glumes slightly shorter; 
glumes of lateral florets nearly as long, 
one slightly dilated (all awns sca- 
brous, slender, fragile, readily break- 
ing); floret reduced to a small short- 
awned lemma. (The name JH. ad- 
scendens has been misapplied to this 
species.) © —Dry open ground 
(large plants found along irrigation 
ditches), Arizona and California 
(Bard). 

7. Hordeum depréssum (Scribn. 
and Smith) Rydb. (Fig. 366.) Annual; 
culms geniculate at base, commonly 
spreading with ascending ends, 6 to 
45 cm. long; upper sheaths often in- 
flated; blades pubescent, mostly not 
more than 5 em. long (rarely to 15 
cm.), 2 to 4 mm. wide, the auricle 
wanting; spike erect, 4 to 7 cm. long; 
floret of central spikelet 7 to 8 mm. 
long, nearly terete, the awn about 10 
mm. long; awns of the glumes and of 


271 


Figure 365.—Hordeum arizonicum, X 1. (Thornber 
536, Ariz. 


Figure 366.—Hordeum depressum, X 3. (Type.) 


the glumes of lateral spikelets nearly — 
equal, the whole triad usually about 
2 em. long; floret of lateral spikelet 
awnless. © —Mostly in moist al- 
kaline soil or along rivers, also in arid 
or sterile ground, sea level to 600 m., 
Idaho and Washington to California. 


212 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 367.—Hordeum hystrix, X 
1. (Hitchcock 2688, Calif.) 


8. Hordeum hystrix Roth. Mrpr- 
TERRANEAN BARLEY. (Fig. 367.) An- 
nual; culms freely branching and 
spreading or geniculate at base, 15 to 
40 cm. tall; sheaths and blades, espe- 
cially the lower, more or less pubes- 
cent, the auricle wanting; spike erect, 
1.5 to 3 cm. long, 10 to 15 mm. wide, 
the axis usually not readily breaking; 
glumes setaceous, rigid, nearly gla- 


brous to scabrous, about 12 mm. long;. 


lemma of central spikelet 5 mm. long, 
the awn somewhat longer than the 
glumes; floret of lateral spikelets re- 
duced, short-awned. © (H. gus- 
sonianum Parl.)—Fields and waste 
places, Utah to British Columbia, 
Arizona, and California; adventive 
in Massachusetts, New Jersey, and 
Pennsylvania; introduced from Eu- 
rope. 

Hordeum marinum Huds. Differing 
from H. hystrix in the glabrous dis- 
similar glumes of the lateral spikelets, 
the outer subulate, the inner some- 
what broader. © (H. maritimum 
With.)—On ballast, Camden, N. J.; 
Europe. 

9. Hordeum leporinum Link. (Fig. 
368.) Annual; branching at base, 
spreading; sheaths glabrous, blades 
pilose to glabrous; auricle at base of 
blade well developed; spike 5 to 9 
em. long, often partly enclosed by 
the inflated uppermost sheath, the 
rachis internodes mostly 3 mm. long; 
glumes of the central spikelet lan- 


ceolate, 3-nerved, long-ciliate on both 
margins, the nerves scabrous, the 
awn 2 to 2.5 cm. long; floret 1 to 1.2 
em. long, raised on a rachilla segment 
1 mm. long, the awn 8 to 4 cm. long; 
lateral spikelets usually staminate, 
the glumes much shorter, unlike, the 
inner similar to those of the central 
one, the outer setaceous, not ciliate, 
the lemma broad, 10 to 20 mm. long, 
the awn 2 to 4 cm. long. © — 
Weed, fields, waste places and open 
ground, introduced from southern 
Europe; here and there in the Eastern 
States, Massachusetts to Georgia; 
Vancouver Island and Washington to 
California, Utah, and Texas. This 
and H. stebbinsit have been confused 
with H. murinum L., of Europe, not 
known from America. 


Figure 368.—Hordeum le- 
porinum, X 1. (Mills- 
paugh 4629, Calif.) 


10. Hordeum = stebbinsii Covas. 
Similar to the preceding, the culms 
often shorter and more geniculate; 
spikes narrower, mostly 9 to 15 mm. 
wide before beginning to break up, 
the triads closely ascending and 
slightly more crowded, the rachis 
internodes mostly 2 mm. long; florets 
of lateral spikelets not larger than 
that of the middle spikelet; all awns 
mostly shorter and slightly more 


+e ae 


273 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 369.—Hordeum vulgare. Plant, X 4%; group of spikelets and floret, X 3; spike of beardless barley (a), 
x \%. (Cult.) 


274 
slender. © —Weed, fields, waste 
places, and open, mostly arid ground, 
introduced from the Old World, 
ballast, Mobile, Ala.; adventive, Okla- 
homa; Idaho and Washington; New 
Mexico to California. Often difficult 
to distinguish from the preceding. 
11. Hordeum vulgare L. Bar.ey. 
(Fig. 369.) Annual; culms erect, 60 
to 120 em. tall; blades flat, mostly 
5 to 15 mm. wide, the auricle well 
developed; spike erect or nearly so, 
2 to 10 cm. long, excluding awns, the 
3 spikelets sessile; glumes divergent 
at base, narrow, nerveless, gradually 
passing into a stout awn; awn of 
lemma straight, erect, mostly 10 to 
15 cm. long. © —Cultivated for 
the grain, sometimes spontaneous in 
fields and waste places but not per- 
sistent. There are two groups of the 
cultivated barleys. In the 2-rowed 
forms (H. distichon L.) the lateral 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


spikelets are fairly well developed but 
sterile. The probable ancestor for at 
least a part of these is H. spontaneum 
Koch, of Asia. In the second group 
all the spikelets produce large seed. 
These are called 6-rowed (H. hexa- 
stichon L.) or, if the lateral florets 
overlap, 4-rowed barleys (in Euro- 
pean literature). In some varieties 
the caryopsis is naked. The ancestor 
of the 6-rowed barleys is not known 
but probably was similar to some of 
our cultivated varieties of this group. 
HORDEUM VULGARE Var. TRIFURCA- 
tTuM (Schlecht.) Alefeld, BEARDLESS 
BARLEY. Awns suppressed or vari- 
ously deformed, commonly 3-cleft, 
the central division converted into a 
hooded lobe. Adventive or occasional 
in grainfields and along roads, Con- 
necticut to New Jersey; South Dakota, 
Montana; Colorado, Utah, New Mex- 
ico; California. 


50. LOLIUM L. Ryzarass 


Spikelets several-flowered, solitary, placed edgewise to the continuous 
rachis, one edge fitting to the alternate concavities, the rachilla disarticulating — 
above the glumes and between the florets; first glume wanting (except on the 
terminal spikelet and rarely in | or 2 spikelets in a spike), the second outward, 
strongly 3- to 5-nerved, equaling or exceeding the second floret; lemmas round- 
ed on the back, 5- to 7-nerved, obtuse, acute, or awned. Annuals or perennials, 
with flat blades and slender, usually flat spikes. Type species, Loliwm perenne. 
Lolium, an old Latin name for darnel. 

Lolium perenne, perennial or English ryegrass, was the first meadow grass 
to be cultivated in Europe as a distinct segregated species, the meadows and 
pastures formerly being native species. This and L. multiflorwm, Italian rye- 
grass, are probably the most important of the European forage grasses. Both 
species are used in the United States to a limited extent for meadow, pasture, 
and lawn. They are of importance in the South for winter forage. In the Eastern 
States the ryegrasses are often sown in mixtures for parks or public grounds, 
where a vigorous early growth is required. The young plants can be distin- 
guished from bluegrass by the glossy dark-green foliage. L. temulentum, 
darnel, is occasionally found as a weed in grainfields and waste places. It is 
in bad repute, because of the presence in the grain of a narcotic poison, said 
to be due to a fungus. Darnel is supposed to be the plant referred to as the 
tares sown by the enemy in the parable of Scripture. 


Glume shorter than the spikelet. 
Lemmas nearly or quite awnless; culms subcompressed............-...-.---------- 1. LL. PERENNE. 
Lemmas, at least the upper, awned; culms cylindric......................... 2. L. MULTIFLORUM. 
Glume as long as or longer than the spikelet. Annuals. 
Spike flat; spikelets much wider than the rachis. 
Elorets plumip..6 60'S mm. Om Ge ee oe eee ee ee 3. L. TEMULENTUM. 
Florets dorsally compressed; 9ito 10mm long. == 4, L. PERSICUM. 
Spike subcylindric; spikelets scarcely wider than the rachis.._............. 5. L. SUBULATUM. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


1. Lolium perénne L. PERENNIAL 
ryEGRASS. (Fig. 370, B.) Short-lived 
perennial; culms erect or decumbent 
at the commonly reddish base, 30 to 
60 cm. tall; auricles at summit of 
sheath, minute or obsolete; foliage 
glossy, the blades 2 to 4 mm. wide; 
spike often subfalcate, mostly 15 to 
25 em. long; spikelets mostly 6- to 
10-flowered; lemmas 5 to 7 mm. long, 
awnless or nearly so. 2 —Mead- 
ows and waste places, Newfoundland 
to Alaska and south to Virginia and 
California, occasionally farther south; 
cultivated in meadows, pastures, and 
lawns, introduced from Europe. Also 
called English ryegrass. LoLium 
PERENNE Var. CRISTATUM Pers. Spikes 
ovate, the spikelets crowded, hori- 
zontally spreading. 2 —Open 
ground, Wilmington, Del., and Wash- 
ington, D. C.; ballast, Salem and 
Eola, Oreg.; adventive from Europe. 

2. Lolium  multiflorum Lam. 
ITALIAN RYEGRASS. (Fig. 370, A.) 
Differing from L. perenne in the more 
robust habit, to 1 m. tall, pale or 
yellowish at base; auricles at summit 
of sheaths prominent; spikelets 10- 
to 20-flowered, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long; 
lemmas 7 to 8 mm. long, at least 
the upper awned. 2 (L. ztalicum 
A. Br.)—About the same range as 
L. perenne, especially common on the 
Pacific coast where it is often called 
Australian ryegrass. Introduced from 
Europe. Closely related to L. perenne, 
but generally recognized as distinct 
agriculturally. A much reduced form 
has been called forma mzcrostachyum 
Uechtritz.— California. 

LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM var. RAMO- 
sum Guss. A peculiar form, the spike 
transformed into a narrow many- 
flowered __ panicle. 2 —Linn 
County, Oreg., waif. Europe. 

3. Lolium temuléntum L. DarNeEL. 
(Fig. 371.) Annual; culms 60 to 90 
em. tall; blades mostly 3 to 6 mm. 
wide; spike strict, 15 to 25 cm. long; 
glume about 2.5 cm. long, as long 
as or longer than the 5- to 7-flowered 
spikelet, firm, pointed; florets plump, 
the lemmas as much as 8 mm. long, 


275 


obtuse, awned, the awn 6 to 12 mm. 
long. © —Grainfields and waste 
places, occasional throughout the 
eastern United States and rather 
common on the Pacific coast; intro- 
duced from Europe. LoLIum TEMU- 
LENTUM var. LEPTOCHAETON A. Br. 
Lemmas awnless. © -—Washing- 
ton to California, occasional on the 
Atlantic coast, Maine to ‘Texas; 
introduced from Europe. 

4, Lolium pérsicum Boiss. and 
Hohen. Annual, resembling small 
plants of L. temulentum, branching 
at the lower nodes; spike 8 to 12 
em. long; spikelets mostly more dis- 
tant than in L. temulentum, the 
glume three-fourths to as long as the 
spikelet, the florets mostly 9 to 10 
mm. long, not plump, the awn slen- 
der, commonly flexuous, the palea 
slightly exceeding the lemma. © 
—A weed in wheatfields and waste 
ground, Ontario to Alberta, and in 
North Dakota, becoming a bad weed. 
Introduced, probably in wheat seed 
from Russia. 

5. Lolium subulatum Vis. (Fig. 
372.) Annual; culms freely branching 
at base, stiffly spreading or pros- 
trate; foliage scant, blades short; 
spike subcylindric, rigid, often curved; 
spikelets sunken in the excavations 
of the rachis, the florets partly hidden 
by the appressed obtuse strongly 
nerved glume; lemmas 5 mm. long. 
© —On ballast, near Portland, 
Oreg.; introduced from Europe. 

Lolium strictum Presl. Annual; 
branched and spreading at base, 10 
to 30 em. tall; spike thickish, 5 to 
10 em. long, the rachis thick but 
flattish and angled. © -—Ballast, 
Linnton, Oreg., Berkeley, Calif.; Mo- 
have County, Ariz. Introduced from 
Europe. Resembles L. subulatum, 
but the spikelets not sunken in a 
cylindric rachis. 


LouiuM REMOTUM Schrank. Leafy annual; 
spike slender, spikelets more or less remote; 
glume half to two-thirds as long as the spike- 
lets; florets 3 to 4 mm. long, plump, awnless. 
© —Weed in flax field, North Dakota, the 
seed from Russia. 


276 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


vl 


FIguRE 370,—A, Lolium multiflorum. Plant, X 14; spikelet, X 3; floret, x 5. (Suksdorf 5142, Wash.) B, L. 
perenne, X 4. (Kimball, D. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 371.—Loliwm temulentum, XK %. (Leiberg 771, 
_ Oreg.) 


Nardus stricta L. Slender, tufted 
perennial; sheaths crowded at the 
base; blades slender, involute, rather 
stiff; spike slender, l-sided, 3 to 8 
em. long; spikelets 1-flowered; first 
glume wanting; second glume minute; 
lemma narrow, acuminate or short- 
awned, scabrous. © -—lIntroduced 
in Newfoundland and Quebec, and 
sparingly in dry open ground in New 
Hampshire, New York, and Michigan; 
Kurope. 


51. MONERMA Beauv. 


(Included in Lepturus R. Br. in Manual, 
ed. 1) 

Spikelets 1-flowered, embedded in 
the hard, cylindric articulate rachis 
and falling attached to the joints; 
first glume wanting except on the 
terminal spikelet, the second glume 
closing the cavity of the rachis and 
flush with the surface, indurate, 
nerved, acuminate, longer than the 
joint of the rachis; lemma with its 
back to the rachis, hyaline, shorter 
than the glume, 3-nerved; palea a 
little shorter than the lemma, hyaline. 

Low annual, with slender cylindric 
spikes. Type species, M. monandra 
Beauv. (VM. cylindrica (Willd.) Coss. 
and Dur.) Name from Greek monos, 


200 
one, and erma, support, referring to 


the single spike. 
V 
Y 


Figure 372.—Lolium subulatum, X 1%. (Sheldon, 
reg. 


1. Monerma cylindrica (Willd.) 
Coss. and Dur. Tuinramn. (Fig. 373.) 
Annual; culms _ bushy-branched, 
spreading or prostrate, 10 to 30 cm. 
tall; spike curved, narrowed upward; 
glume 6 mm. long, acuminate; lemma 
5 mm. long, pointed; rachis disartic- 
ulating at maturity, the spikelets re- 
maining attached to the joints. © 
(Lepturus  cylindricus Trin.)—Salt 
marshes, San Francisco Bay, Calif., 
south to San Diego and Santa Cata- 
lina Island; introduced from the Old 
World. 


52. PARAPHOLIS C. E. Hubb. 


(Included in Pholiurus Trin. in Manual, 
ed. 1) 

Spikelets 1-or 2-flowered, embedded 
in the cylindric articulate rachis and 
falling attached to the joints; glumes 
2, placed in front of the spikelet and 
enclosing it, coriaceous, 5-nerved, 
acute, asymmetric, appearing like 
halves of a single split glume; lemma 
with its back to the rachis, smaller 
than the glumes, hyaline, 1-nerved; 
palea a little shorter than the lemma, 
hyaline. Low annuals, with slender 
cylindric spikes. Type species, P. in- 
curva (L.) C. E. Hubb. Name from 
Greek para, beside, and pholvs, scale, 
referring to the 2 glumes side by side. 


278 


= F———\\- = =D: = —j—) — = 7 
SS Sree je SS —S= : 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


. Plant, X 14; rachis joint and spikelet, X 5. (Parish 4446, Calif.) 


373.—Monerma cylindrica 


FIGURE 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


YZ A 


4 


279 


Figure 374.—Parapholis incurva. Plant, X 14; rachis joint and spikelet, X 5. (Trask, Calif.) 


1. Parapholis incfirva (L.) C. E. 
Hubb. Sickie arass. (Fig. 374.) 
Culms tufted, decumbent at base, 10 
to 20 cm. tall; blades short, narrow; 
spike 7 to 10 em. long, cylindric, 
curved; spikelets 7 mm. long, pointed. 
© (Pholiurus incurvus (L.) Schinz 
and Thell.)—Mud flats and salt 
marshes along the coast, New Jersey 
and Pennsylvania to Virginia; Cali- 
fornia; Portland, Oreg.; introduced 
from Europe. 


53. SCRIBNERIA Hack. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, solitary, lat- 
erally compressed, appressed flatwise 
against the somewhat thickened con- 
tinuous rachis, the rachilla disartic- 
ulating above the glumes, prolonged 
as a very minute hairy stipe; glumes 
equal, narrow, firm, acute, keeled on 
the outer nerves, the first 2-nerved, 
the second 4-nerved; lemma shorter 
than the glumes, membranaceous, ob- 
scurely nerved, the apex short-bifid, 
the faint midnerve extending as a 
slender awn; palea about as long as 


ai \i 


Siete 
EETASINS 
YES 
Figure 375.—Scribneria bolandert. Plant, * 4%; rachis 

joint and spikelet, X 5. (Suksdorf 217, Wash.) 


280 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


the lemma; stamen 1. Low annual, 
with slender cylindric spikes. Type 
species, Scribneria bolandert. Named 
for F. Lamson-Scribner. 

1. Scribneria bolandéri (Thurb.) 
Hack. (Fig. 375.) Culms branching at 
base, erect or ascending, 7 to 30 cm. 
tall; foliage scant, the blades subfili- 
form; ligule about 3 mm. long; spike 


about 1 mm. thick, usually one-third 
to half the entire height of the plant, 
the internodes 4 to 6 mm. long; spike- 
lets about 7 mm. long; lemmas pu- 
bescent at base, the awn erect, 2 to 4 
mm. long. © -—WSandy or sterile 
ground, in the mountains, Washing- 
ton to California; rare or overlooked, 
very inconspicuous. 


TRIBE 4. AVENEAE 
54. SCHISMUS Beauv. 


Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes subequal, longer than the first floret, usually as 
long as the spikelet, with white membranaceous margins; lemmas broad, 
rounded on the back, several-nerved, pilose along the lower part of the margin, 
the summit hyaline, bidentate; palea broad, hyaline, the nerves at the margin. 
Low tufted annuals with filiform blades and small panicles, the slender pedicels 
finally disarticulating at the base and falling with the spikelet or with the 
glumes. Type species, Schismus marginatus Beauv. (S. barbatus). Name from 
Greek, schismos, a splitting, referring to the bidentate lemmas. This genus has 
usually been placed in the tribe Festuceae, but its characters place it more 
naturally in the tribe Aveneae. 


Glumes 4 to 5 mm. long; lemmas about 2 mm. long, rounded and emarginate at apex; palea 


rounded. astlony as tle lemme =. eee ee ns ee one ue ee ee 1. S. BARBATUS. 
Glumes 5 to 6 mm. long; lemmas 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the apex with 2 acute hyaline lobes; 
palea acute, shorter than-the lemma: 3°23. 222 Ss Bees 2. S. ARABICUS. 
1. Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. Whit, 
(Fig. 376.) Culms tufted, erect to SVs 
prostrate-spreading, 5 to 35 em. tall; SU, 
blades usually less than 10 cm. long; Wy, 


iy 


() 
l 
Wy 


panicle oval to linear, 1 to 5 cm. long, 
usually rather dense, pale or purplish; 
spikelets about 5-flowered; glumes 4 
to 5mm. long, shorter than the spike- 
let, 5- to 7-nerved, acute; lemmas 
about 2 mm. long, 9-nerved, the mar- 
gin appressed-pilose on the lower half, 
the teeth minute, sornetimes with a 
mucro between, the rachilla joints 
slender, flexuous; palea concave, as 
broad as the lemma and about as 
long. © —Open ground in yards, 
along roadsides, and in dry river beds;. 
Utah to California and southern Ari- 
zona; Argentina, Chile. Introduced 
from the Mediterranean region; India 
to South Africa. 

2. Schismus arabicus Nees. (Fig. 
377.) Resembling S. barbatus, culms 
widely spreading, the spikelets a little Ficure 376.—Schismus barbatus. Plant, X 14; spike- 
larger, rere 7-flowered ; lemmas 2.5 to petit florets, X 5. (Peebles and Harrison 846, 


| 
l 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


3 mm. long, longer pilose on the mar- 
gins and back, the apex cleft into 2 
acute lobes, the acute palea reaching 
the base of the cleft or a little longer. 
© —Dry open ground, southern 
Arizona, Nevada (Clark County), 
and California; Chile; introduced 
from southwestern Asia or Africa. 
Locally dominant in Maricopa Coun- 
ty, Ariz., and an excellent forage grass 
in winter; apparently spreading rap- 
idly. 


FicurRE 377.—Schismus arabicus. 
Spikelet, xX 10; florets, &K 5. 
(Peebles 9098, Ariz.) 


281 


55. KOELERIA Pers. 


Spikelets 2- to 4-flowered, compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above 
the glumes and between the florets, prolonged beyond the perfect florets as a 
slender bristle or bearing a reduced floret at the tip; glumes usually about 
equal in length, unlike in shape, the first narrow, sometimes shorter, 1-nerved, 
the second wider than the first, broadened above the middle, 3- to 5-nerved; 
lemmas somewhat scarious, shining, the lowermost a little longer than the 
glume, obscurely 5-nerved, acute or short-awned, the awn, if present, borne 
just below the apex. Slender, low or rather tall annuals or perennials, with 
narrow blades and shining spikelike panicles. Type species, Koelerza cristata. 


Named for G. L. Koeler. 


Koeleria cristata is a good forage grass and is a constituent of much of the 
native pasture throughout the Western States. The plants, however, are rather 


scattering. 


Fala spe ke minions eA a 
are SHAME e ieee eee es ee NLT 


1. Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers. 
JUNEGRASS. (Fig. 378.) Tufted peren- 
nial; culms erect, puberulent below 
the panicle, 30 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths, 
at least the lower, pubescent; blades 
flat or involute, glabrous or, especially 
the lower, pubescent, 1 to 3 mm. 
wide; panicle erect, spikelike, dense 
(loose in anthesis), often lobed, inter- 
rupted, or sometimes branched _ be- 
low, 4 to 15 em. long, tapering at the 
summit; spikelets mostly 4 to 5 mm. 
long; glumes and lemmas scaberulous, 
3 to 4 mm. long, sometimes short- 
awned, the rachilla joints very short. 
21 —Prairie, open woods, and sandy 
soil, Ontario to British Columbia, 


Els A i Od tke te ee 1. 


K. CRISTATA. 
2. K. PHLEOIDES. 


south to Delaware, Missouri, Louisi- 
ana, California, and Mexico; widely 
distributed in the temperate regions 
of the Old World. Variable; several 
American varieties have been pro- 
posed, but the forms are inconstant 
and intergrading, and it is not prac- 
ticable to distinguish definite vari- 
eties. On the Pacific coast there is a 
rather large loosely tufted form (K. 
cristata var. longifolia Vasey) with 
long narrow or involute blades and 
somewhat open panicle. 

2. Koeleria phleoides (Vill.) Pers. 
(Fig. 379.) Annual; culms 15 to 30 
em. tall, smooth throughout; sheaths 


282 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Sa 


—— 
SSA) 
= 


tea 


Z 
LZ 
Qt 


=~ 
SS 


w 


WEZE 
YEAS 


Figure 378.—Koeleria cristata. Plant, X 4%; glumes and floret, X 10. (Bebb 2862, Ill.) 


and blades sparsely pilose; panicle 
dense, spikelike, 2 to 7 cm. long, ob- 
tuse; spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long; 
glumes acute; lemmas short-awned 
from a bifid apex; glumes and lemmas 
in the typical form papillose-hirsute 
on the back, but commonly papillose 


only. © —Introduced from Eu- 
rope at Pensacola, Fla., Mobile, Ala., 
Cameron County, Tex., Portland, 
Oreg., and at several points in Cali- 
fornia. Cultivated in nursery plots at 
Beltsville, Md., and Tucson, Ariz. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


283 


56. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. WeparGrass 


Spikelets 2- or 3-flowered, the pedicel disarticulating below the glumes, the 
rachilla produced beyond the upper floret as a slender bristle; glumes unlike in 
shape, the first narrow, usually acute, l-nerved, the second broadly obovate, 
3- to 5-nerved, the nerves sometimes obscure, mostly somewhat coriaceous, 
the margin scarious; lemmas firm, scarcely nerved, awnless or rarely with 
an awn from just below the apex, the first a little shorter or a little longer 
than the second glume; palea hyaline, exposed. Slender perennials (rarely 
annual) with usually flat blades and narrow shining panicles. Type species, 
Sphenopholis obtusata. Name from Greek sphen, wedge, and pholis, horny 
scale, alluding to the hard obovate second glume. 

All the species are forage grasses but are usually not abundant. The most 
important are S. intermedia and S. obtusata. 


Panicle dense, usually spikelike, erect or nearly so; second glume subcucullate. 


1. S. OBTUSATA. 


Panicle not dense, lax, nodding, from very slender to many-flowered, but not spikelike. 


Spikelets awned 


S. PALLENS. 


Spikelets awnless (rarely awned in S. filiformis). 
Lemmas glabrous; second glume acute or subacute; panicle many-flowered. 


Second glume about 2.5 mm. long........ 
Second glume about 3.5 mm. long........ 


S. INTERMEDIA. 


leith Peete dee A Or Ode 3. S. LONGIFLORA. 


Lemmas scabrous; second glume broadly rounded at the summit; panicle relatively 


few-flowered. 


Blades rarely more than 10 em. long, flat, 2 to 5 mm. wide.:.............. 4. §S. NITIDA. 
Blades elongate, flat to subinvolute, mostly less than 2 mm. wide.... 5. S. FILIFORMIS. 


1. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) 
Scribn. PRAIRIE WEDGEGRASS. (Fig. 
380.) Culms erect, tufted, 30 to 100 
em. tall; sheaths glabrous to finely re- 
trorsely pubescent; blades flat, gla- 
brous, scabrous, or pubescent, mostly 
2 to 5 mm. wide; panicle erect or 
nearly so, dense, spikelike to inter- 
rupted or lobed, rarely slightly looser, 
5 to 20 cm. long; spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 
mm. long, the two florets closer to- 
gether than in the other species; sec- 
ond glume very broad, subcucullate, 
somewhat inflated at maturity, 5- 
nerved, scabrous; lemmas minutely 
papillose, rarely mucronate or with a 
short straight awn, the first about 2.5 
mm. long. 2 —Open woods, old 
fields, moist ground, and _ prairies, 
Maine to British Columbia, south to 
Florida, Arizona, and California; 
Mexico; Dominican Republic. Vari- 
able in size and in denseness of pan- 
icle. Sometimes annual or flowering 
the first season. Specimens with less 
dense and lobed panicles may be dis- 
tinguished from denser panicled speci- 
mens of S. zntermedia by the broader, 
firmer, subcucullate second glume and 
more approximate florets. 


SIS Aten pe res Fe 


“YS 
iy 
+e 
SYRSS 


MW 
ag AEF: 
aga 


1M; 
My 


Figure 379.—Koeleria phleoides. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Heller 11417, Calif.) 


2. Sphenopholis intermédia 
(Rydb.) Rydb. SLENDER WEDGE- 
Grass. (Fig. 381.) Culms erect in 
small tufts, 30 to 120 em. tall; sheaths 
glabrous or pubescent; blades flat, 
often elongate, lax, mostly 2 to 6 mm. 
wide, sometimes wider, mostly sca- 


284 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


berulous, occasionally sparsely pilose; 
panicle nodding, from rather dense to 
open, mostly 10 to 20 em. long, the 
branches spikelet-bearing from base; 


Fieure 380.—Sphenopholis obtusata. Plant, X %; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 1453, N. C.) 


spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long; second 
glume relatively thin, acute or sub- 
acute, about 2.5 mm. long; lemmas 
subacute, rarely mucronate, smooth 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


or rarely very minutely roughened, 


mostly 2.5-to 8 mm. long. 2 — 
NY AY 
Wy Riv, NO 
AK AZ ZZ 
Nai NE Giz 
Ve VG 
We ie 
Way Si Z 


> 
\ 


Se 
ee 
Ws 


Wis 


FicgurRE 381.—Sphenopholis intermedia. Panicle, X itp 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Clark 1785, Ind.) 


Damp or rocky woods, slopes, and 
moist places, Newfoundland to Brit- 
ish Columbia, south to Florida and 
Arizona; Tanana Hot Springs, Alaska. 
Delicate plants with small panicles 
resembling S. nitida may be dis- 
tinguished by the very narrow first 
glume, the acute to subacute second 


glume and lemmas, and usually by 


the glabrous foliage. Plants with 
rather dense panicles resembling S. 
obtusata may be distinguished by the 
thinner, less rounded, more com- 
pressed second glume. This is the 


species called Sphenopholis pallens 


(Spreng.) Scribn. in some manuals. 
Bieler’s description of Azra pallens 
shows that Scribner misapplied the 
name (see no. 6). 

3. Sphenopholis longifléra (Vasey) 
Hitche. (Fig. 382.) Culms relatively 
stout, erect from a decumbent base, 
40 to 70 cm. tall; lower sheaths pu- 
berulent, the others glabrous; blades 
thin, flat, scaberulous, 5 to 18 cm. 
long, 3 to 8 mm. wide; panicle many- 
flowered, rather loose, slightly nod- 
ding, 10 to 18 cm. long; spikelets 
mostly 2-flowered, the rachilla hispid- 


285 


ulous; glumes very scabrous on the 
green part, the second thin, acute, 


YZ 
Vi Ss 


Figure 382.—Sphenopholis longiflora. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Nealley, Tex.) 


about 3.5 mm. long; lemmas smooth, 
scaberulous toward the tip, the first 
about 4 min. long. 2 —Wooded 
banks, Arkansas and Texas. Differing 
from S. intermedia in the larger spike- 
lets, broader blades, and more taper- 
ing lemmas. 

4, Sphenopholis nitida (Bieler) 
Seribn. (Fig. 383.) Culms tufted, 
leafy at base, slender, shining, 30 to 
70 cm. tall; sheaths and blades mostly 
softly pubescent, occasionally gla- 
brous, the blades 2 to 5 mm. wide, 3 
to 10 cm. long, the basal sometimes 
longer; panicle rather few-flowered, 
mostly 8 to 12 em. long, the filiform 
branches distant, ascending, spread- 
ing in anthesis; spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. 
long; glumes about equal in length, 
usually nearly as long as the first flo- 
ret, the first glume broader than in 
the other species, the second broadly 
rounded at summit, at least the sec- 
ond lemma scabrous-papillose. 2 
—Dry or rocky woods, Massachusetts 
to North Dakota, south to Florida 
and Texas. 

5. Sphenopholis filif6rmis (Chapm. ) 
Scribn. (Fig. 384.) Culms erect, very 


286 


FIGuRE 383.—Sphenopholis 
nitida. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and florets, X 10. 
(House 1920, S. C.) 


| 


slender, 30 to 60 em. tall; blades lax, 
flat to subinvolute, mostly less than 
2 mm. wide; panicle slender, often 
nodding, 5 to 15 cm. long, the short 
branches rather distant, erect or as- 
cending; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, 
the 2 florets rather distant; second 
glume broadly rounded at summit, 
about 2 mm. long; lemmas obtuse to 
subacute, rarely with a short spread- 
ing awn; the first smooth, the sec- 
ond minutely roughened. 2 —Dry 
soil, Coastal Plain, southeastern Vir- 
ginia to Florida, Tennessee, and 
eastern Texas. Awned lemmas, either 
the first or second, are occasionally 
found in some panicles. 
6. Sphenopholis pallens (Bieler) 
Scribn. (Fig. 385.) Culms erect, about 
60 cm. tall; lower sheaths minutely 
pubescent, the upper glabrous; blades 
flat, glabrous, 1 to 2 mm. wide; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


panicle narrow, nodding, loose or 
somewhat compact, 15 to 25 cm. long, 
the branches ascending, the lower 
distant; spikelets 2- or 3-flowered, 3 
to 3.5 mm. long; second floret sca- 
berulous, usually awned just below 
the apex, the awn scabrous, genicu- 
late, 1to 2mm. long. 2 (Katonia 
aristata Scribn. and Merr.)—Rich 
wooded slopes, Southampton County, 
Va., to South Carolina. The type of 
Aira pallens Bieler has not been 
examined, but it was received from 


FIGURE 384.—Sphenopholis fili- 
formis. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and florets, X 10. (Hitchcock 
1044, Ala.) 


FIGURE 385.—Sphenopholis pallens. Spikelet, X 10. 
Cc S.C) 


(Curtiss, S. C. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 287 


Muhlenberg and may be assumed to Muhlenberg Herbarium described 
be the same as the specimen in the under Azra pallens by Muhlenberg. 


57. TRISETUM Pers. Trisetum 


Spikelets usually 2-flowered, sometimes 3- to 5-flowered, the rachilla pro- 
longed behind the upper floret, usually villous; glumes somewhat unequal, 
acute, the second usually longer than the first floret; lemmas usually short- 
bearded at base, 2-toothed at apex, the teeth often awned, bearing from the 
back below the cleft apex a straight and included or usually bent and exserted 
awn (awnless or nearly so in T'risetum melicoides and T. wolfiz): Tufted peren- 
nials (except Trisetum interruptum), with flat blades and open or usually con- 
tracted or spikelike shining panicles. Type species, Tr7setum flavescens. Name 
from Latin trz, three, and setuwm, bristle, alluding to the awn and two teeth 
of the lemma. 

Several of the species are valuable for grazing. Trisetwm spicatum constitutes 
an important part of the forage on alpine and subalpine slopes and T. wolfi at 
medium altitudes. 

Spikelets disarticulating below the glumes. 
Plants perennial; panicle lax, somewhat open.................--..---.-- 9. T. PENNSYLVANICUM. 
Plants annual; panicle narrow, dense, interrupted_.....................-- 10. T. INTERRUPTUM. 


Spikelets disarticulating above the glumes. 
Awn included within the glumes, or wanting. 


amicleskaumerakax nodding! oe 1. T. MELICOIDES. 

amiclesramemdenseerectis 2 8. te 5. ee 2)) hs WiOlrlts 
Awn exserted. 

Awn straight (see also 7’. montanum var. shearit).................... 8. T. ORTHOCHAETUM. 


Awn geniculate. oii 
Panicle dense, spikelike, sometimes slightly interrupted below; plants densely 


ULI Ale eee 5. T. SPICATUM. 
Fence loose and open to contracted, but not spikelike; plants in small tufts or 
solitary. 
Panicle relatively few-flowered, loose, lax or drooping, the filiform branches 
makedymelows Morevskdistant.<..- 4. Cue 4. T. cERNUUM. 
pence many-flowered, from rather loose to dense and interrupted; florets not 
istant. 


Panicle yellowish; spikelets mostly 3- or 4-flowered; introduced. 
8. T. FLAVESCENS. 
Panicle pale green, sometimes purplish-tinged; spikelets usually 2-flowered. 

Spikelets-alout Srmm longi. i eee ee 6. T. CANESCENS, 
Spuxclebscos vo,O-mmn long: 0 ee 7. T. MONTANUM. 
1. Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 386.) Culms 50 to 100 
em. tall; sheaths pubescent or sca- 
brous; blades 2 to 8 mm. wide, sca- 
brous, sometimes pubescent on the 
upper surface; panicle somewhat open, 
nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
branches slender, ascending, lax or 
drooping, as much as 7 cm. long, 
rather closely flowered above the 
middle; spikelets scaberulous, 6 to 7 
mm. long; glumes 4 to 6 mm. long, 
the second longer and broader; lem- 
mas acute, 5 to 6 mm. long, rarely 
with a minute awn just below the 
tip, the rachilla and callus hairs 1 
to 2 mm. long. 4 River banks, Figure 386.—Trisetum melicoides. Panicle, X 1; 

lake shores, mostly in gravelly ground, glumes and floret, X 5. (Pringle, Vt.) 


288 


Newfoundland to Vermont, Michigan, 
and Wisconsin. 


FIGURE 387.—Trisetum wolfii. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Swallen 809, Calif.) 


2. Trisetum wolfii Vasey. Wo.Lrs 
TRISETUM. (Fig. 387.) Culms erect, 
50 to 100 cm. tall, loosely tufted, 
sometimes with short rhizomes; 
sheaths scabrous, rarely the lower 
pilose; blades flat, scabrous, rarely 
pilose on the upper surface, 2 to 4 
mm. wide; panicle erect, rather dense 
but scarcely spikelike, green or pale, 
sometimes a little purplish, 8 to 15 
cm. long; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long, 
2-flowered, sometimes 3-flowered; 
glumes nearly equal, acuminate, about 
5 mm. long; lemmas obtusish, sca- 
berulous, 4 to 5 mm. long, awnless or 
with a minute awn below the tip, 
the callus hairs scant, about 0.5 mm. 
long, the rachilla internode about 2 
mm. long, rather sparingly long- 
villous. 2 —Meadows and moist 
ground, at medium altitudes in the 
mountains, Montana to Washington, 
south to New Mexico and California. 

3. Trisetum orthochaétum Hitche. 
(Fig. 388.) Culms solitary, erect, 
slender, 110 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
- brous; blades flat, scabrous, 8 to 20 
em. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
shghtly nodding, lax, pale, about 18 
em. long, the filiform branches loose- 
ly ascending, naked below, the lower 
fascicled, as much as 8 cm. long; 
spikelets short-pediceled, somewhat 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


appressed, mostly 3-flowered, 8 to 9 
mm. long excluding awns, the rachilla 
appressed-silky; glumes acuminate, 
about 6 mm. long, the second wider; 
lemmas rounded on the back, mi- 
nutely scaberulous on the upper part, 
obscurely 5-nerved, the callus short- 
pilose, the apex acute, erose-toothed, 
awned about 2 mm. below the tip, 
the awn straight or nearly so, ex- 
ceeding the lemma about 3mm. 2 
—Known only from boggy meadows, 
Lolo Hot Springs, Bitterroot Moun- 
tains, Mont. 


FIGURE 388.—Trisetum orthochaetum. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Type.) 

4. Trisetum cérnuum Trin. Nop- 
DING TRISETUM. (Fig. 389.) Culms 
rather lax, 60 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous to sparsely pilose; blades 
thin, flat, lax, scabrous, 6 to 12 mm. 
wide; panicle open, lax, drooping, 15 
to 30 cm. long, the branches ver- 
ticillate, filiform, flexuous, spikelet- 
bearing toward the ends; spikelets 6 
to 12 mm. long, with usually 3 
distant florets, the first longer than 
the second glume; first glume narrow, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


acuminate, l-nerved, 0.5 to 2 mm. 
long, the second broad, 3-nerved, 3 
to 4 mm. long, occasionally reduced; 
lemma 5 to 6 mm. long, the teeth 
setaceous, the hairs of the callus 0.5 
to 1 mm. long, of the rachilla as 
much as 2 mm. long, the awns slen- 
der, curved, flexuous or loosely spiral, 
mostly 5 to 10 mm. long, attached 
1 to 2 mm. below tip. 2 —Moist 
woods, Alberta to southeastern Alas- 
ka, south to western Montana and 
northern California. 

5. Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. 
SPIKE TRISETUM. (Fig. 390.) Culms 
densely tufted, erect, 15 to 50 cm. 
tall, glabrous to puberulent; sheaths 
and usually the blades puberulent; 
panicle dense, usually spikelike, often 
interrupted at base, pale or often 
dark purple, 5 to 15 cm. long; spike- 
lets 4 to 6 mm. long; glumes somewhat 
unequal in length, glabrous or sca- 
brous except the keels, or sometimes 
pilose, the first narrow, acuminate, 
l-nerved, the second broader, acute, 
d-nerved; lemmas scaberulous, 5 mm. 
long, the first longer than the glumes, 
the teeth setaceous; awn attached 
about one-third below the tip, 5 to 
6 mm. long, geniculate, exserted. 2 
—Alpine meadows and slopes, Arctic 
America, southward to Connecticut, 
Pennsylvania, northern Michigan and 
Minnesota, in the mountains to New 
Mexico and California; also on Roan 
Mountain, N. C.; high mountains 
through Mexico to the Antarctic 
regions of South America; Arctic 
and alpine regions of the Old World. 
In northern regions the species de- 
scends to low altitudes. Exceedingly 
variable; several varieties have been 
proposed, but the characters used to 
differentiate them are variable and 
are not correlated. Two rather more 
outstanding varieties, both inter- 
grading with the species are: T’. 
spicatum var. molle (Michx.) Beal, 
with densely pubescent foliage, and 
T. spicatum var. congdoni (Scribn. 
and Merr.) Hitche., a nearly gla- 
brous alpine form with slightly larger 
spikelets. 


289 


FiGureE 389.—Trisetum cernuum. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Elmer 1946, Wash.) 


6. Trisetum canéscens Buck]. TALL 
TRISETUM. (Fig. 391.) Culms erect, 
or decumbent at base, 60 to 120 cm. 
tall; sheaths, at least the lower, 
sparsely to densely and softly re- 
trorse-pilose, rarely scabrous only; 
blades fiat, scabrous or canescent, 
sometimes sparsely pilose, mostly 2 
to 7 mm. wide; panicle narrow, us- 
ually loose, sometimes interrupted 
and spikelike, 10 to 25 cm. long; 
spikelets about 8 mm. long, 2- or 
3-flowered, the florets not so distant 
as in TJ’. cernuum; glumes smooth, 
except the keel, the first narrow, 
acuminate, the second broad, acute, 
3-nerved, 5 to 7 mm. long; lemmas 
rather firm, scaberulous, the- upper 
exceeding the glumes, 5 to 6 mm. 
long, the teeth aristate, the callus 
hairs rather scant, the rachilla hairs 
copious; awn geniculate, spreading, 
loosely twisted below, attached one- 
third below the tip, usually about 12 
mm. long. 2 —Mountain mead- 
ows, moist ravines and along streams, 
Montana to British Columbia, south 
to central California. Plants with less 
pubescent sheaths and looser pan- 
icles resemble 7. cernuum but in that 
the spikelets are commonly 3-flow- 
ered, the florets distant. Plants with 
more velvety foliage and narrow pan- 
icles with short densely flowered 


290 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


wi 
» 


gp 
—S= 


SSE 
IWS “wank 
} 


= 
Says 
os \ 


FIGurE 390,.—Trisetum spicatum. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Rydberg and Bessey 3593, Mont.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


branches, the lower in distant fas- 
cicles, have been differentiated as 7’. 
projectum Louis-Marie. Intergrading 
specimens are more numerous than 
the extreme described. 


uN i 

lin\ Vy 
y Wy 

Figure 391.—Trisetum canescens. Panicle, — 


’ 


<i nals 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 3409, Calif.) 


wS 


at 


=S 


SSS 


1, ZA 
‘ f/ fou 
WZ Al HA 
V f_— Y 
S Waa % 
ly A Wy Wie \% 
/ Z S 
wh Vea 


Figure 392.—Trisetum montanum. Panicle, 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


x 13 


7. Trisetum montanum Vasey. 
(Fig. 392.) Resembling 7. canescens, 
on the average smaller, the blades 
narrower; sheaths from nearly gla- 
brous to softly retrorsely pubescent; 
panicles smaller than usual in 7. 
canescens, more uniformly rather 
dense, often purple-tinged; spikelets 
Oo to 6 mm. long, the glumes and 
lemmas thinner than in 7’. canescens, 
the awn more delicate, 5 to 8 mm. 
long. 2 —Mountain meadows, 
gulches and moist places on moun- 
tain slopes, between 2,000 and 3,300 


291 


m., Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, 
and Arizona. A form with purplish 
panicles and erect awns only 2 to 3 
mm. long, known from a single 
collection near Silverton, Colo., has 
been differentiated as T. montanuwm 
var. shearz Louis-Marie. 

8. Trisetum flavéscens (L.) Beauv. 
(Fig. 393.) Resembling T. canescens; 
sheaths glabrous or the lower sparsely 
pilose; panicle usually yellowish, many- 
flowered, somewhat condensed; spike- 
lets mostly 3- or 4-flowered; lemmas 
4 to 6 mm. long. 2 —Waste 
places, Vermont, New York, Missouri, 
Colorado, Washington, California, 
and probably other States; intro- 
duced from Europe. 

Trisetum atreum (Ten.) Ten. An- 
nual; culms 10 to 20 cm. tall; panicle 
ovate, contracted, 2 to 3 cm. long; 
spikelets 3 mm. long; awns 2 to 3 
mm. long. © —RBallast, Camden, 
N. J.; Europe. 

9. Trisetum pennsylvanicum (L.) 
Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult. (Fig. 
394.) Culms slender, weak, usually 
subgeniculate at base, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall; sheaths glabrous or rarely sca- 
brous; blades flat, scabrous, 2 to 5 
mm. wide; panicle narrow, loose, 
nodding, 10 to 20 cm. long; pedicels 
disarticulating about the middle or 
toward the base; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. 


x G yi Z 
SN) Ny Wht, ZELZ 
R\ ip \ | i ys Gl — Z 


SS AY \\ 
yy RS NAY, 
SAINI WZ Zee 
NA Ni i VO —S <<) 
. YZ 
\ ay 4 GF = 
we , 


LZ 
aoe 


Liew ‘ If 
A = N | 
WWI 
SSW) Ne 


Figure 393.—Trisetum flavescens. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
x 5. (Grant 26, Wash.) 


292 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 394.—Trisetum pennsylvanicum. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and florets, X 5. (Heller 4800, Pa.) 


long, 2-flowered, the long rachilla 
internodes slightly hairy; glumes 
mostly 4 to 5 mm. long, acute, the 
second wider; lemmas acuminate, the 
first usually awnless, the second 
awned below the 2 setaceous teeth, 
the awn horizontally spreading, 4 to 
5 mm. long. 2 —Swamps and 
wet places, Massachusetts to Ohio 
and West Virginia, south on the 
Coastal Plain to Florida and west 
to Tennessee and Louisiana. 

10. Trisetum interriptum Buckl. 
(Fig. 395.) Annual; culms tufted, 
sometimes branching, erect or spread- 
ing, 10 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths often 
scabrous or pubescent; blades flat, 
sometimes pubescent, 1 to 4 mm. 


FIGURE 395.—Trisetum interruptum. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Jermy, Tex.) 


wide, mostly 3 to 10 em. long; pan- 
icle narrow, interrupted, from slender 
to rather dense but scarcely spike- 
like, 5 to 12 em. long, sometimes with 
smaller axillary panicles; pedicels dis- 
articulating a short distance below 
the summit; spikelets about 5 mm. 
long, 2-flowered, the second floret 
sometimes rudimentary; glumes about 
equal in length, acute, 4 to 5 mm. 
long, the first 3-nerved, the second 
a little broader, 5-nerved; lemmas 
acuminate with 2 setaceous teeth, 
the awns attached above the middle, 
flexuous, 4 to 8 mm. long, that of 
the first lemma often shorter and 
straight. © —Open dry ground, 
Texas to Colorado and Arizona. 


58. DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. Harrarass 


Spikelets 2-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes and between the 
florets, the hairy rachilla prolonged beyond the upper floret and sometimes 
bearing a reduced floret; glumes about equal, acuteor acutish, membranaceous; 
lemmas thin, truncate and 2- to 4-toothed at summit, bearded at base, bearing 
a slender awn from or below the middle, the awn straight, bent or twisted. 
Low or moderately tall annuals or usually perennials, with shining pale or 
purplish spikelets in narrow or open panicles. Standard species, Deschampsia 
caespitosa. Included in Azra by some authors. Named for Deschamps. 

Deschampsia caespitosa is often the dominant grass in mountain meadows, 
where it furnishes excellent forage. 

Blants annual: foliage svery, SCs eee eee oe eee 1. D. DANTHONIOIDES. 
Plants perennial; foliage not scant, one-third to half the entire length of the culm. 

Panicle narrow, the distant branches appressed. 

Glumes 4 to 6 mm. long; lemma smooth, not deeply toothed_..._..... 2. D. ELONGATA. 


Glumes 7 mm. long; lemma scaberulous, deeply toothed or lacerate. 
3. D. CONGESTIFORMIS. 


Panicle open or contracted, if narrow, not more than one-fourth the length of the culm. 
Blades thin, flat; glumes exceeding the florets__._-.--------.-... 4. D. ATROPURPUREA. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


293 


Blades firm or filiform; glumes not exceeding the upper floret. 
Blades filiform, flexuous; awn exserted, geniculate, twisted........ 5. D. FLEXUOSA. 
Blades flat or folded, stiff; awn included or slightly exserted, straight. 
6. D. CAESPITOSA. 


Panicle open, usually nodding or drooping..._.................--.------- 
Panicle narrow, condensed, erect...... 


1. Deschampsia danthonioides 
(Trin.) Munro ex Benth. ANNUAL 
HAIRGRASS. (Fig. 396.) Annual; culms 
slender, erect, 15 to 60 cm. tall; 
blades few, short, narrow; panicle 
open, 7 to 25 cm. long, the capillary 
branches commonly in twos, stiffly 
ascending, naked below, bearing a 
few short-pediceled spikelets toward 
the ends; glumes 4 to 8 mm. long, 
3-nerved, acuminate, smooth except 
the keel, exceeding the florets; lem- 
mas smooth and shining, somewhat 
indurate, 2 to 3 mm. long, the base 
of the florets and the rachilla pilose, 
the awns geniculate, 4 to 6 mm. long. 
© —Open ground, Alaska to Mon- 
tana and Baja California; also Chile. 


Figure 396.—Deschampsia danthonioides. Panicle, 
X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Parish 3300, Calif.) 


FiguRE 397.—Deschampsia elongata. Panicle, X 1 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Swallen 780, Calif.) 


Variable in the size of the spikelets. 
A form described from southern 
California as D. gracilis Vasey, with 
somewhat laxer panicles, the rather 
more numerous spikelets only 4 to 
5 mm. long, grades into the usual 
form. 

2. Deschampsia. elongata (Hook.) 
Munro ex Benth. SLENDER HAIR- 
Grass. (Fig. 397.) Culms densely 
tufted, slender, erect, 30 to 120 cm. 
tall; blades soft, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, 
flat or folded, those of the basal tuft 
filiform; panicle narrow, as much as 
30 cm. long, the capillary branches 
appressed; spikelets on short ap- 
pressed pedicels; glumes 4 to 6 mm. 
long, 3-nerved, equaling or slightly 
exceeding the florets; lemmas 2 to — 
3 mm. long, similar to those of D. 
danthonioides, the awns_ shorter, 
straight. 21 —Open ground, Alas- 
ka to Wyoming, south to Arizona 
and California; Mexico; Chile. 


294 


Figure 398.—Deschampsia congestiformis. Spikelet 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


3. Deschampsia congestiférmis 
Booth. (Fig. 398.) Culms in small 
tufts, slender, 45 to 70 ecm. tall, 
scaberulous above; sheaths scaber- 
ulous toward the summit; ligule 1.5 
to 3 mm. long; blades flat or folded, 
scabrous on both surfaces, 2 to 3 
mm. wide, the basal 10 to 30 cm. 
long, those of the culm 3 to 8 ecm. 
long, those of the innovations sub- 
filiform; panicle long-exserted, 6.5 to 
10 cm. long, narrow, condensed, the 
short branches erect, the axis and 
branches slender, hirtellous; spikelets 
short-pediceled, appressed, 7 to 10 
mm. long; glumes about 7 mm. long, 
scabrous, especially on the midnerve; 
lemmas 7 to 8 mm. long, awned from 
near the base, toothed or lacerate at 
the apex, sometimes splitting down 
the back at maturity, the awn 
twisted and geniculate, exceeding 
the spikelets 3 to 4 mm., the callus 
hairs about 0.5 to 1 mm. long, those 
of the rachilla 1 to 2 mm. long. Q 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


_—Only known from Gallatin Valley, 


Bozeman, Gallatin County, and from 
Cooke, Park County, Mont. 

4. Deschampsia atropurpirea 
(Wahl.) Scheele. Mountain HaAtrR- 
crass. (Fig. 399.) Culms _ loosely 
tufted, erect, purplish at base, 40 
to 80 cm. tall; blades flat, rather 
soft, ascending or appressed, 5 to 10 
em. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, acute or 
abruptly acuminate; panicle loose, 
open, 5 to 10 cm. long, the few 
capillary drooping branches naked 
below; spikelets mostly purplish, 
broad; glumes about 5 mm. long, 
broad, the second 3-nerved, exceed- 
ing the florets; lemmas scabrous, 
about 2.5 mm. long, the callus hairs 
one-third to half as long, the awn 
of the first straight, included, of the 
second, geniculate, exserted. 2 — 
Woods and wet meadows, Newfound- 


Figure 399.—Deschampsia atropurpured. Panicle, 
< 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Leiberg 2952, 
Idaho.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 295 


land and Labrador to Alaska, south 
to the White Mountains of New 
Hampshire; Colorado and California; 
northern Eurasia. 

5. Deschampsia flexu6ésa (L.) Trin. 
CRINKLED HAIRGRASS. (Fig. 400.) 
Culms densely tufted, erect, slender, 
30 to 80 cm. tall; leaves mostly in 
a basal tuft, numerous, the sheaths 
scabrous, the blades involute, slender 
or setaceous, flexuous; panicle loose, 
open, nodding, 5 to 12 em. long, the 
capillary branches naked below, the 
branchlets spikelet-bearing toward the 
ends; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, 
purplish or bronze, the florets approxi- 
mate; glumes 1|-nerved, acute, shorter 
than the florets; lemmas scabrous, 
the callus hairs about 1 mm. long, 
the awn attached near the base, 
geniculate, twisted, 5 to 7 mm. long. 
2|_ —Dry or rocky woods, slopes, 
and open ground, Greenland to 
Alaska, south to Georgia, Michigan, 
and Wisconsin; Arkansas and Okla- 
homa (Le Flore County); Mexico; 
Eurasia. A form with yellow-striped 
foliage (called by gardeners Azra 
foliis variegatis) is occasionally grown 
for ornament. 

6. Deschampsia caespitésa (L.) 
Beauv. TurreD HAIRGRASS. (Fig. 
401.) Culms in dense tufts, leafy at 
base, erect, 60 to 120 cm. tall; sheaths 
smooth; blades 1.5 to 4 mm. wide, 
often elongate, rather firm, flat or 
folded, scabrous above; panicle loose, 
open, nodding, 10 to 25 cm. long, 
the capillary scabrous branches and 
branchlets spikelet-bearing toward 
the ends; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, 
pale or purple-tinged, the florets dis- 
tant, the rachilla internode half the 
length of the lower floret; glumes 1- 
nerved or the second obscurely 3- 
nerved, acute, about as long as the 
florets; lemmas smooth, the callus 
hairs short; awn from near the base, 
from straight and included in the 
glumes to weakly geniculate and 
twice as long as the spikelet. 2 — 
Bogs and wet places, Greenland to 
Alaska, south to New Jersey, West 


Fiaure 400.—Deschampsia flecuosa. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 16059, N. H.) 


Virginia, North Carolina, Illinois, 
North Dakota, New Mexico, and 
California; Arctic and temperate re- 
gions of the Old World. Variable in 
size, In width and texture of blades, 
in shape of the panicle, and in length 
of awn. The forms which have been 
segregated as species and varieties are 
inconstant, and the characters used to 
distinguish them are not correlated. 
Rarely with proliferous spikelets. 
Large plants from Oregon and Cali- 
fornia have been described under 
Deschampsia caespitosa subsp. ber- 
ingensis (Hultén) Lawr., but are not 
D. beringensis Hultén, of the Aleu- 
tians. Tall plants, with long flat 
blades, elongate panicles, and spike- 
lets, 3 to 4 mm. long, found in Con- 
necticut, have been referred to D. 
CAESPITOSA Var. PARVIFLORA (Thuill.) 
Coss. and Germ. They agree with 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


296 


Figure 401.—Deschampsia caespitosa. Plant, X 4%; glumes and floret, X 10. (Nelson 3623, Wyo.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


a 


== 


Ne 


— 


=—— 


——, 


YYLZZ 


LA 


LZ = ——= & 


— 
= 
= 


Ly 


\ SS 


ij 


f- 


‘A 


ex 
WZ. VEZ Se 


Figure 402.—Deschampsia holciformis. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Bolander, Calif.) 


specimens from Germany and are 
probably introduced. 

7. Deschampsia holciformis Presl. 
(Fig. 402.) Culms in dense tufts with 
numerous basal leaves, erect, rela- 
tively robust, 50 to 125 cm. tall; 
blades mostly folded, 20 to 50 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, rather firm; 


297 


panicle 10 to 25 cm. long, condensed, 
many-flowered, the branches ap- 
pressed to subflexuous-ascending, pur- 
plish to brownish; spikelets 6 to 8 
mm. long; glumes and lemmas sca- 
berulous, the glumes about equaling 


Ficure 403.—Aira praecoz. Panicle, X 1; glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 375, Del.) 


the spikelets or shorter, 3-nerved, the 
lateral nerves of the first often ob- 
scure; lemmas awned from below the 
middle, the awns erect, exceeding the 
spikelet, the callus hairs short. 2 
—Marshes and sandy soil near the 
coast, Vancouver Island to central 
California. 


59. AIRA L. 
(Aspris Adans.) 


Spikelets 2-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, the rachilla not 
prolonged; glumes boat-shaped, about equal, 1-nerved or obscurely 3-nerved, 
acute, membranaceous or subscarious; lemmas firm, rounded on the back, 
tapering into 2 slender teeth, bearing on the back below the middle a slender 
geniculate, twisted, usually exserted, awn, this sometimes wanting in the 
lower floret or reduced; callus minutely bearded. Delicate annuals with lax, 
subfiliform blades and open or contracted panicles of small spikelets. Type 
species, Azra praecox. Aira, an old Greek name for a weed, probably darnel. 
Weedy grasses of no economic importance, introduced from Europe. 


Panicle dense, spikelike.. 2.22. 


Panicle open. 


1. A. PRAECOX. 


Lower floret with awn as long as that of the upper floret.............. 2. A. CARYOPHYLLEA. 


Lower floret awnless or nearly so.................- 


1. Aira praécox L. (Fig. 403.) 
Culms tufted, 10 to 20 cm. tall, usu- 


A. ELEGANS. 


ally erect; panicle narrow, dense, 1 to 
3 cm. long; spikelets yellowish, shin- 


298 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 404.—Aira caryophyllea. Plant, X 1%; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Heller 3889, Wash.) 


ing, 3.5 to 4 mm. long; lemmas with 
awns 2 to 4 mm. long, that of the 
lower floret the shorter. © — 
Sandy open ground, along the coast, 
New Jersey to Virginia; Vancouver to 
California. 

2. Aira caryophyliéa L. Sinver 
HAIRGRASS. (Fig. 404.) Culms solitary 


or in small tufts, erect, 10 to 30 cm. 
tall; panicle open, the silvery shining 
spikelets 3 mm. long, clustered toward 
the ends of the spreading capillary 
branches; both lemmas with awns 
about 4 mm. long. © —Open dry 
ground, Coastal Plain, Massachusetts 
to Florida and Louisiana; Ohio; com- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


mon on the Pacific coast from British 
Columbia to California; southern 
South America. 

3. Aira élegans Willd. ex Gaudin. 
(Fig. 405.) Resembling A. caryophyl- 
lea; panicle more diffuse; spikelets 2.5 
mm. long, scattered at the ends of the 
branches; lemma of lower floret awn- 
less or with a minute awn just below 


Figure 405.—Aira elegans. Panicle, X 1; spikelet and 

florets, X 10. (Davis 2016, S. C) 
the apex, that of the upper floret with 
an awn 3 mm. long. © (A. capil- 
laris Host, not Savi).—Open ground, 
Coastal Plain, Maryland to Florida; 
Tennessee; Arkansas and Texas; Ore- 
gon and California. 


60. CORYNEPHORUS Beauv. 


Spikelets 2-flowered, disarticulating 
above the glumes; ‘elumes nearly 


299 


Figure 406.—Corynephorus canescens. Spikelet and 
florets, X 10. (Bicknell, Mass.) 


equal, l-nerved, acute, membrana- 
ceous; lemmas thin, acute, awned from 
near the base, the awn jointed about 
the middle, the joint with a minute 
ring of hairs, the lower part straight, 
brown, the upper slender, club- 
shaped. Slender annuals with subfili- 
form blades and narrow panicles. 
Type species Corynephorus canescens. 
Name from Greek korynephoros, club- 
bearing. One species introduced from 
Europe. 

1. Corynephorus canéscens (L.) 
Beauv. (Fig. 406.) Culms tufted, 20 
to 35 em. tall, branching and leafy at 
base; panicle 5 to 10 cm. long, pale or 
purplish; spikelets about 3.5 mm. 
long; florets about 1.7 mm. long, 
faintly nerved, the callus and rachilla 
softly pilose, the awns equaling or 
slightly exceeding the glumes. © 
—Waste ground and ballast, British 
Columbia. Marthas Vineyard and 
Long Island, N. Y., New Jersey, and 
Pennsylvania. 


61. AVENA L. Oats 
Spikelets 2- or 3-flowered, the rachilla bearded, disarticulating above the 


glumes and between the florets: 


glumes about ‘equal, membranaceous or 


papery, 7- to 9-nerved, longer than the lower floret, usually exceeding the 


300 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


upper floret; lemmas indurate, except toward the summit, 5- to 9-nerved, bi- 
dentate, bearing a dorsal bent and twisted awn (straight and reduced in 
Avena sativa), the awn in age commonly breaking at the bend. Low or 
moderately tall annuals, with narrow or open, usually rather few-flowered 
panicles of large spikelets. Type species, Avena sativa. Avena, the old Latin 
name for oats. 

The most important species of the genus is A. sativa, the familiar cultivated 
oat. Two other introduced species, A. fatwa and A. barbata, are known as wild 
oats because of their close resemblance to the cultivated oat. These two 
species are common on the Pacific coast where they are often utilized for hay. 
Much of the grain hay of that region is made from either cultivated or wild 
oats. The varieties of cultivated oat are derived from three species of Avena. 
The common varieties of this country and of temperate and mountain regions 
in general are derived from A. fatua. The Algerian oat grown in North Africa 
and Italy and the red oat of our Southern States (A. byzantina K. Koch) are 
derived from A. sterzlis. A few varieties adapted to dry countries are de- 


rived from A. barbata. 


Teeth of lemma setaceous; pedicels curved, capillary .........-22.----.---------- 3. A. BARBATA. 
Teeth of lemma acute, not setaceous; pedicels stouter. 
Spikelets mostly 2- flowered, the florets not readily separating; awn usually straight or 
2 


wanting; lemmas glabrous Egberts LE 


A. SATIVA. 


Spikelets mostly 3-flowered, the florets readily separating; awn stout, geniculate, twisted; 
lemmas clothed with stiff brown hairs (hairs sometimes white or scant). 


1. Avena fatua L. WixpD oat. (Fig. 
AO, A.) ‘Culms 30 to 75, em? tall; 
erect, stout; leaves numerous, the 
blades flat, usually 4 to 8 mm. wide, 
scabrous; panicle loose and open, the 
slender branches usually horizontally 
spreading; spikelets usually 3-flow- 
ered; glumes about 2.5 em. long; ra- 
chilla and lower part of the lemma 
clothed with long stiff brownish, or 
sometimes whitish, hairs, these some- 
times scant; florets readily falling 
from the glumes; lemmas  nerved 
above, about 2 cm. long, the teeth 
acuminate, not setaceous; awn stout, 
geniculate, twisted below, 3 to 4 cm. 
long. © —Cultivated soil and 
waste places; introduced from Eu- 
rope; rare in the Eastern States; 
Maine to Pennsylvania, Missouri and 
westward, a common weed on the 
Pacific coast. Seed used for food by 
the Indians. 

Avena stérilis L. ANIMATED OATS. 
Resembling A. fatwa, the spikelets 3.5 
to 4.5 em. long, the awns 5 to 7 cm. 
long. © —Sometimes cultivated 
as a curiosity, occasionally spontane- 
ous. When laid on a moist surface the 


1. A. FATUA. 


fruits twist and untwist as the awns 
lose or absorb moisture. Sometimes 
used as flies in fishing, the spikelets 
jerking as the awns untwist. 

2. Avena sativa L. Oat. (Fig. 407, 
B.) Differing from A. fatwa in having 
mostly 2-flowered spikelets, the flo- 
rets not readily separating from the 
glumes; lemmas glabrous; awn usu- 
ally straight, often wanting. © — 
Commonly cultivated and occasion- 
ally escaped. In A. nuda L., NAKED 
oAT, the caryopsis readily separates 
from the lemma and palea. A. brevis 
Roth is a form with smaller spikelets, 
the lemmas plump, awned. A. strigosa 
Schreb. has a 1-sided panicle, the 
lemmas scabrous toward the apex, 
both florets awned. 

3. Avena barbata Brot. SLENDER 
oaT. (Fig. 408.) Differing from A. 
fatua in the somewhat smaller, mostly 
2-flowered spikelets on curved capil- 
lary pedicels; lemmas clothed with 
stiff red hairs, the teeth ending in fine 
points 4 mm. long. © —Acommon 
weed in fields and waste places, Wash- 
ington and Oregon to Arizona and 
California. 


301 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


) B, A. sativa, X 2. (Deam, 


Figure 407.—A, Avena fatua. Plant, X 44; spikelet and floret, X 2. (Umbach, III. 


Ind.) 


302 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Cultivated oats fall into three 
groups, according to the number of 
chromosomes. Group 1, 7 chromo- 
somes, A. brevis, A. strigosa. Group 2, 
14 chromosomes, A. barbata. Group 3, 
21 chromosomes, A. sativa, A. fatwa 
(including A. orzentalis Schreb.), A. 
nuda, A. sterilis, A. byzantina (nclud- 
ing A. sterilis var. algeriensis Trabut). 


FiguRE 408.—Avena barbata. Spikelets, X 1; tip of 
lemma, X 5. (Davy 5023, Calif.) 


62. HELICTOTRICHON Besser 


(Avena sec. Avenastrum Koch; included in Avena L. in Manual, ed. 1) 


Spikelets 3- to several-flowered, the rachilla bearded, disarticulating above 
the glumes and between the florets; glumes about equal, 3- to 5-nerved, sub- 
hyaline except toward the base; lemmas convex, the lower half subindurate 
and several-nerved, the upper part subhyaline, awned from about the middle, 
the awns twisted and geniculate, much exceeding the spikelets. Tufted peren- 
nials with rather narrow panicles of shining spikelets. Type species, H. semper- 
virens (Vill.) Pilger. Name from helictos, twisted, and ‘‘trichon,” apparently 
referring to the awn, which is twisted. Perennials, numerous in Eurasia, 1 
introduced and 2 native in western North America. 


Blades anvolute panicle 210 )-cmp lone. wee ee eke 3. H. MORTONIANUM. 
Blades flat or folded; panicle 5 to 15 cm. long. 
pheathstand/blades @labrous «5 ee). ae ome, ee OO ee 2. H. HOOKERI. 
Sheaths, at least the lower, and blades pubescent.............----------------- 1. H. PUBESCENS. 


1. Helictotrichon pubéscens 


(Huds.) Pilger. (Fig. 409.) Culms 
erect, 50 to 80 cm. tall; sheaths pubes- 
cent; blades flat, pubescent; panicle 
narrow, open, 10 to 15 cm. long, the 
flexuous branches ascending; spike- 
lets mostly 3-flowered, 12 to 15 mm. 
long, glumes and lemmas thin, shin- 
ing, the rachilla with long white hairs; 
first glume 1- or 3-nerved, the second 
3-nerved; lemmas about 1 cm. long; 
awn attached about the middle, 1.5 to 
2 cm. long. 2  # —Waste places, 
Connecticut and Vermont; introduced 
from Europe. 

2. Helictotrichon hookéri (Scribn.) 
Henr. Spike oat. (Fig. 410.) Culms 
densely tufted, 20 to 40 cm. tall; 
blades firm, flat or folded, 1 to 3 mm. 
wide, the margins somewhat. thick- 
ened; panicle long-exserted, narrow, 
5 to 10 cm. long, the branches erect or 
ascending, 1-flowered, or the lower 2- 


flowered; spikelets 3- to 6-flowered, 
about 1.5 em. long; glumes very thin, 
slightly shorter than the spikelet; 
lemmas firm, brown, scaberulous, 1 to 
1.2 cm. long, the callus short-bearded, 
the rachilla white-villous; awn 1 to 
1.5 em. long. 2 Dry slopes and 
prairies, Manitoba to Alberta, Minne- 
sota, Montana, and New Mexico. 

3. Helictotrichon mortonianum 
(Scribn.) Henr. ALPINE oaT. (Fig. 
411.) Culms densely tufted, 10 to 20 
em. tall; blades erect, firm, usually in- 
volute; panicle short-exserted, pur- 
plish, narrow, 2 to 5 cm. long, the 
short branches erect, bearing usually 
a single spikelet, 10 to 12 mm. long, 
mostly 2-flowered; glumes exceeding 
the florets; lemmas firm, glabrous, the 
apex with 4 soft teeth, the callus with 
a tuft of stiff hairs about 2 mm. long, 
the rachilla long-villous; awn 1 to 1.5 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 409.—Helictotrichon pubescens. Glumes and 
floret, X 5. (Weatherby and Harger 4249, Conn.) 


em. long. 2  —Alpine meadows, 
Colorado, Utah, and New Mexico. 


63. ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. 


Spikelets 2-flowered, the lower floret 
staminate, the upper perfect, the ra- 
chilla disarticulating above the 
glumes and produced beyond the 
florets; glumes rather broad and pa- 
pery, the first l-nerved, the second a 
little longer than the first and about 
as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved; lem- 
mas 5-nerved, hairy on the callus, the 
lower bearing near the base a twisted, 
geniculate, exserted awn, the upper 
bearing a short straight slender awn 
just below the tip. Rather tall peren- 
nials, with flat blades and narrow pan- 
icles. Type species, Arrhenatherum 
avenaceum Beauv. (A. elatius). Name 
from Greek arren, masculine, and 


Figure 411.—Helictotrichon mortonianum. Panicle, 
xX 1; floret, X 5. (Type.) 


Figure 410.—Helictotrichon hookeri. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Scribner 372, Mont.) 


<a 
en 
=) 
al 
= 
=) 
Oo 
— 
few 
o>) 
<q 
ies 
oe) 
H 
Oy 
ca 
(=) 
io 
=) 
S 
=) 
AQ 
Z 
O 
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HH 
= 
0 
- 
a 
ea 
=) 
Ay 
ie) 
TR 
am 
—_ 
a) 


304 


Se 
\s I, 


) >) 
} g 
AN 


SS SSS 


Ean, 


spikelet and upper floret, X 5. (McDonald 46, II.) 
B, Var. bulbosum. Basal corms, X 1. (Harper, Ala.) 


Figure 412.—A, Arrhenatherum elatius. Plant, X %; 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ather, awn, referring to the awned 
staminate floret. 

1. Arrhenatherum' elatius___ (L.) 
Presl. Tatu oaTGRAss. (Fig. 412, A.) 
Culms erect, 1 to 1.5 m. tall; blades 
flat, scabrous, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicle pale or purplish, shining, 15 
to 30 cm. long, the short branches 
verticillate, spreading in anthesis, 
usually spikelet-bearing from the 
base; spikelets 7 to 8 mm. long; 
glumes minutely scabrous; lemmas 
scabrous, the awn of the staminate 
floret about twice as long as its lem- 
ma. 2 —Meadows, open ground, 
and waste places, Newfoundland to 
British Columbia, south to Georgia, 
Tennessee, Iowa, Idaho, Utah, Ari- 
zona, and California; frequent in the 


305 


Northern and Eastern States; intro- 
duced from Europe and escaped from 
cultivation. Cultivated in the north- 
ern humid regions as a meadow grass. 

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS — var. 
BULBOSUM (Willd.) Spenner. TUBER 
OATGRASS. (Fig. 412, B.) Base of 
culm consisting of a series of closely 
approximate corms (short subglobose 
internodes) 5 to 10 mm. in diameter. 
2 —Occasionally introduced, Mich- 
igan, Virginia, and West Virginia to 
Alabama; California; Europe. 

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS var. 
BIARISTATUM (Peterm.) Peterm. Both 
lemmas with well-developed awns. 
2  —Ithaca, N. Y., and Delaware 
County, Pa.; Europe. 


64. HOLCUS L. 
(Notholcus Nash) 


Spikelets 2-flowered, the pedicel disarticulating below the glumes, the 
rachilla curved and somewhat elongate below the first floret, not prolonged 
above the second floret; glumes about equal, longer than the 2 florets; first 
floret perfect, the lemma awnless; second floret staminate, the lemma, bearing 
on the back a short awn. Perennials with flat blades and contracted panicles. 
Standard species, Holcus lanatus. Holcus, an old Latin name for a kind of 


erain. 


VnizZomles wantin s tek ee ee 
UMIZOMES PreseMtee 26 oon Next fe 


1. Holcus lanatus L. VELVET 
Grass. (Fig. 413.) Plant grayish, 
velvety-pubescent; culms erect, 30 
to 100 cm. tall, rarely taller; blades 
4 to 8 mm. wide; panicles 8 to 15 
em. long, contracted, pale, purple- 
tinged; spikelets 4 mm. long; glumes 
villous, hirsute on the nerves, the 
second broader than the first, 3- 
nerved; lemmas smooth and shining, 
the awn of the second hooklike. 2 
-—Open ground, meadows, and moist 
places, Maine to Kansas and Colo- 
rado, south to Georgia and Louisiana; 
common on the Pacific coast, British 
Columbia, and Montana to Arizona 
and California; introduced from Eu- 
rope; occasionally cultivated as a 
meadow grass on light or sandy land. 

2. Holcus mollis L. (Fig. 414.) 
Culms glabrous, 50 to 100 ecm. tall, 
_ with vigorous slender rhizomes; 


H. LANATUS. 


PE as ey A Be EI us hela ee. 2. H. MOLLIS. 


sheaths, except the lower, glabrous; 
blades villous or velvety, 4 to~- 10 
mm. wide; panicle ovate or oblong, 
rather loose, 6 to 10 cm. long; spike- 
lets 4 to 5 mm. long; glumes glabrous; 
awn of the second floret geniculate, 
exserted, about 3 mm. long. 2 — 
Damp places, recently introduced 
from Europe and apparently spread- 
ing, Washington to California; Lewis 
County, N. Y.; ballast, Camden, N. J., 
‘Delaware County, Pa. 


65. SIEGLINGIA  Bernh. 


Spikelets 4- to 5-flowered, the 
rachilla disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets; 
glumes equal, acute, the first 1- to 
3-nerved, the second 3- to 5-nerved; 
lemmas firm, 7- to 9-nerved, bifid, 
the midnerve excurrent from between 


306 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


VEN 

QW 9 

\ ' a 

VA, LA)! 

HY { Aa 
= Sy 7 
se SVNAWG 
O ae \. Ss 16 
SY = \ & 
SS NY A 4) \ ag ip 
\\ SN nf VA 
SAX 


NG, A ‘ ‘\ 
{ WE 


Figure 413.—Holcus lanatus. Plant, X %; Ne ae and mature fertile floret, X 5. (Griffiths 4449 
alif. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 307 


the short teeth in a short flat mucro, 
the margins densely pilose toward the 
base. Densely tufted perennial with 
short narrow blades and _ narrow, 
simple, few-flowered panicle. Type 
species, Szeglingia decumbens. Named 
for Siegling. 

1. Sieglingia decimbens  (L.) 
Bernh. (Fig. 415.) Culms 20 to 50 
em. tall, erect, densely tufted; leaves 
crowded toward the base; blades 5 
to 15 em. long or those of the inno- 
vations elongate, 2 to 3 mm. wide; 
panicles 2 to 7 cm. long, the short 
few-flowered branches appressed; 
spikelets 8 to 12 mm. long; lemmas 
5to6mm.long. 2 —Open woods, 
Long Beach, Wash.; escaped from 
cultivation, Berkeley, Calif.; New- 
foundland and Nova Scotia; Europe. 
Cleistogamous spikelets sometimes Lian ee " 
developed in the lower sheaths. By einer es ee ole Oak ea 


66. DANTHONIA Lam. and DC. Oartarass 


Spikelets several-flowered, the rachilla readily disarticulating above the 
glumes and between the florets; glumes about equal, broad, papery, acute, 
mostly exceeding the uppermost floret; lemmas rounded on the back, ob- 
scurely several-nerved, the apex bifid, the lobes acute, usually extending into 
slender awns, a stout flat, twisted, geniculate awn arising from between the 
lobes. Tufted low or moderately tall perennials, with few-flowered open or 
spikelike panicles of rather large spikelets. All our species produce cleistogenes 
(enlarged fertile, 1- or 2-flowered, cleistogamous spikelets) in the lower sheaths, 
the culms finally disarticulating at the lower nodes. Type species, Danthonia 
spicata. Named for Etienne Danthoine. 

The species are found in grassland and contribute somewhat toward the 
forage value of the range but usually are not abundant. In California D. 
californica is considered a nutritious grass; D. compressa is important in the 
mountains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 


Lemmas glabrous on the back, pilose on the margin only. 


iRanicleinarrows the pedicels appressed. --.2... 2 4, D. INTERMEDIA. 
Panicle open, the slender pedicels spreading or reflexed. 
Ramclesusuallyaotvarisinele-spikeleti. 222 02 2 7. D. UNISPICATA. 
Raniclezotstiew, towseveral’spilelets: 22. 6. D. CALIFORNICA. 
Lemmas pilose on the back, sometimes sparsely so. 
Clumespmosthye2 0) top22rmm: lone. 2:5... s8 8 5. D. PARRYI. 


Glumes 10 to 17 mm. long. 
Sheaths pilose (rarely glabrous); glumes 12 to 17 mm. long. Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall. 
3. WD. SERICEA. 
Sheaths glabrous or nearly so; glumes rarely more than 15 mm. long. 
Panicle simple or nearly so, usually contracted after anthesis; blades rarely more than 


LoRemal ones com»nmoniy less fs i et 1. D. spicata. 
Panicle usually compound and somewhat open; blades or some of them more than 
orem: Olvenvas much as 25 cm: long... 222 2. D. COMPRESSA. 


1. Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. Grass. (Fig. 416.) Culms 20 to 70 
ex Roem. and Schult. Poverty oat- cm. tall, mostly not more than 50 


308 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


J 
“a 
ral 


Figure 415.—Sieglingia decumbens. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 5. (Robinson and Schrenk 206, 
ewfoundland.) 


cm., slender, terete; leaves numerous 
in a basal cluster, the blades usually 
curled or flexuous; sheaths glabrous 
or pilose above the nodes, with a 


tuft of long hairs in the throat; blades 
usually not more than 12 cm. long, 
filiform, to 2 mm. wide, occasionally 
a few blades 15 to 20 cm. long, sub- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


involute or in damp weather flat, 
glabrous or sparsely pilose; panicle 
2 to 5 em. long, rarely longer, the 
stiff short branches bearing a single 


309 


spikelet, or the lower longer with 2 
(rarely 3 or 4), usually erect after 
anthesis; glumes 10 to 12 mm. long 
(rarely longer); lemmas 3.5 to 5 mm. 
long, sparsely villous except the 2- 
toothed summit, the teeth acuminate 
to subsetaceous; terminal segment of 
awn about 5 mm. long; palea broad, 
flat, obtuse, ciliolate, reaching to the 
base of the awn. 2 —Dry and 
sterile or rocky soil, Newfoundland 
to British Columbia, south to Florida, 
eastern Texas, and eastern Kansas, 
in the mountains to New Mexico 
and Oregon. Variable; tall specimens 
with longer blades and_ setaceous 
teeth resemble D. compressa. A rather 
stiff western form with subsetaceous 
teeth has been described as D. 
thermale Scribn. Very slender plants 
with narrow pilose blades and spike- 
lets only 8 to 9 mm. long have been 
differentiated as var. longzpila Scribn. 
and Merr. D. spicata var. pinetorum 
(Piper) Piper has been differentiated 
on variable characters. The basal 
blades, said to be slightly if at all curl- 
ing, are closely curled in the type 
specimen. 


Figure 416.—Danthonia spicata. Plant, X 1; spikelet, floret, and cleistogene, X 5. (Gayle 787, Maine.) 


310 


Figure 417.—Danthonia compressa. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 103, Tenn.) 


FicureE 418.—Danthonia sericea. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Kearney 1219, Va.) 


2. Danthonia compréssa Austin. 
(Fig. 417.) Culms on the average 
stouter and taller than in D. spzcata, 
compressed, rather loosely tufted, 
sometimes decumbent or with short 
rhizomes, 40 to 80 cm. tall; sheaths 
reddish above the nodes, glabrous, 
or sparsely pubescent on the collar, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


a conspicuous tuft of white hairs in 
the throat; blades elongate, some of 
them commonly 20 to 25 cm. long, 
2 to 3 mm. wide, usually flat, some- 
times involute and subfiliform, sca- 
brous; panicle 5 to 8 em. long (rarely 
to 10 em.), the slender branches bear- 
ing 2 or 3 spikelets, contracted after 
anthesis but looser than in D. spicata; 
glumes 10 to 14 mm. (usually about 
12 mm.) long; lemma and palea as 
in D. spicata but the teeth of the 
lemma aristate, 2 to 3 mm. long. 
2} —Meadows, and open woods, 
Nova Scotia to Quebec, Maine to 
Ohio and south to the mountains of 
North Carolina and Georgia. Appears 
to intergrade with D. spicata. Taller 
stouter plants with panicles of 9 to 
20 spikelets with glumes 10 to 13 mm. 
long have been differentiated as D. 
allend Austin. 

3. Danthonia sericea Nutt. Downy 
OATGRASS. (Fig. 418.) Culms erect, 
densely tufted, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths, especially the lower, villous 
(rarely glabrous); blades 10 to 25 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, those of the 
innovations mostly involute, those of 
the culm mostly flat; panicle 5 to 
10 cm. long, relatively many-flow- 
ered, the branches bearing 2 to 6 
spikelets, rather open or contracted 
after anthesis; glumes 12 to 17 mm. 
long; lemmas densely long-pilose, es- 
pecially along the margin, about 10 
mm. long, including the slender 
aristate teeth, the teeth about half 
the entire length; palea concave, 
narrowed toward the 2-toothed apex. 
2 —Sand barrens, chiefly Coastal 
Plain, Massachusetts (Sherborn) ; New 
Jersey to northern Florida, Kentucky, 
and Louisiana. A rare form with 
nearly glabrous foliage has been 
differentiated as D. epilis Seribn. (D. 
glabra Nash, not Phil.) Virginia to 
Georgia. 

4. Danthonia intermédia Vasey. 
TIMBER OATGRASS. (Fig. 419.) Culms 
10 to 50 em. tall; sheaths glabrous 
(the lower rarely pilose) with long 
hairs in the throat; blades sub- 
involute, or those of the culm flat, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


glabrous or sparsely pilose; panicle 
purplish, narrow, few-flowered, 2 to 
5 cm. long, the branches appressed, 
bearing a single spikelet; glumes 
about 15 mm. long; lemmas 7 to 8 
mm. long, appressed-pilose along the 
margin below and on the callus, the 
summit scaberulous, the teeth acumi- 
nate, aristate-tipped; terminal seg- 
ment of awn 5 to 8 mm. long; palea 
narrowed above, notched at the apex. 
2} —Meadows and bogs, northern 
and alpine regions. Newfoundland 
and Quebec to Alaska, south to 
northern Michigan, New Mexico, 
and California. 

5. Danthonia parryi Scribn. Parry 
oaTGaRAss. (Fig. 420.) Culms rather 
stout, in tough clumps, 30 to 60 cm. 
tall, somewhat enlarged at base from 
the numerous overlapping firm per- 
sistent sheaths; sheaths glabrous, 
somewhat pilose at the throat, a 
glabrous or pubescent line or ridge 
on the collar, the lower blades falling 
from the sheaths; blades erect-flexu- 
ous, mostly 15 to 25 cm. long, nar- 
row or filiform, flat or involute, gla- 
brous; panicle 3 to 7 cm. long, usually 
with 3 to 8 spikelets, the branches 
more or less pubescent, ascending or 
appressed, the lowermost 1 to 2 
em. long, with 1 or 2 spikelets; glumes 
20 to 22 mm. long, rarely less; lem- 
mas about 1 cm. long, rather densely 


Figure 419.—Danthonia intermedia. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 11288, Mont.) 


dll 


Figure 420.—Danthonia parryi. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Hitchcock 19087, Colo.) 


Figure 421.—Danthonia californica. Panicle, * 1; 
floret, X 5. (Eastwood 27, Calif.) 


to sparsely pilose over the back, 
strongly pilose on the callus at the 
sides, the rachilla glabrous, the teeth 
more or less aristate; terminal seg- 
ment of awn 8 to 12 mm. long; palea 
narrowed above, nearly as long as 
the lemma, 2-toothed. 2 —Open 
grassland, open woods, and rocky 
slopes, in the mountains, mostly be- 


312 


low timber line, Alberta and Mon- 
tana to New Mexico. 

6. Danthonia califérnica Boland. 
CALIFORNIA OATGRASS. (Fig. 421.) 
Culms 30 to 100 em. tall, glabrous, 
tending to disarticulate at the nodes; 
sheaths glabrous, pilose at the throat; 
blades mostly 10 to 20 em. long, flat 
or, especially those of the innova- 
tions, involute, glabrous; panicle bear- 
ing mostly 2 to 5 spikelets, the pedicels 
slender, spreading or somewhat re- 
flexed, more or less flexuous, 1 to 2 
em. long, a rather prominent pul- 
vinus at the base of each; glumes 15 
to 20 mm. long (rarely less or more); 
lemmas, excluding awns, 8 to 10 mm. 
long, pilose on the lower part of the 
margin and on the callus, otherwise 
glabrous, the teeth long-aristate; 
terminal segment of awn 5 to 10 mm. 
long; palea subacute, usually ex- 
tending beyond base of awn. 2 — 
Meadows and open woods, Montana 
to British Columbia, south to Colo- 
rado, New Mexico, and California. 

DANTHONIA CALIFORNICA var. 
AMERICANA (Scribn.) Hitche. Culms 
on the average shorter, the tufts 
usually more spreading; foliagesparse- 
ly to conspicuously spreading-pilose; 
spikelets on the average smaller, but 
large plants with large spikelets occur, 
with conspicuously pilose foliage. 
2 —Montana and Wyoming to 
British Columbia, south to California; 
Chile. D. macounit Hitche. appears 
to belong here, differing in having 
lemmas sparsely pilose on the back. 
Known only from Nanaimo, Van- 
couver Island (Macoun 78825). 

7. Danthonia unispicata (Thurb.) 
Munro ex Macoun. ONE-SPIKE OAT- 
Grass: (Fig. 422.) Culms* 15 to 25 
em. tall, in dense spreading tufts; 
sheaths and blades pilose, the hairs 
on the sheaths spreading or reflexed; 
panicle reduced to a single spikelet 
or sometimes 2, rarely 3, spikelets, 
the lower usually reduced, their 
pedicels appressed or ascending, the 
long pedicel of the terminal spikelet 
jointed with the culm; spikelets on 
the average smaller than in D. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


californica; lemmas usually glabrous, 
the callus hairy. 2 —Open or 
rocky ground, Montana to British 
Columbia, south to Colorado and 
California. 


FIGURE 422.—Danthonia unispicata, X 2. (Davy, 
Calif.) 


DaNTHONIA PILOSA R. Br. Tufted,-30 to 
60 cm. tall, the foliage loosely pilose; panicle 
narrow, several-flowered; spikelets about 6- 
flowered; glumes 13 to 14 mm. long; florets 
disarticulating with a sharp hairy callus, the 
lemma pilose at base and on the margin, 
often with a few hairs in the middle of the 
back; teeth with slender awns 6 to 8 mm. 
long, the centralawn 12to 15mm.long. 2 
—Introduced from Australia, escaped in 
Humboldt, Alameda, and Santa Barbara 
Counties, Calif. 

DANTHONIA SEMIANNULARIS (Labill.) R. 
Br. Tufted, 40 to 100 em. tall, often rather 
robust; foliage glabrous or nearly so; panicle 
many-flowered; glumes mostly 10 to 15 mm. 
long; florets with a slender hairy callus, the 
lemma pilose at base and with a conspicuous 
row of long tufted hairs across the middle; 
teeth tipped with slender awns, 5 to 8 mm. 
long, the central awn 10 to 20 cm. long. 2 
—Introduced from Australia; planted on 
range lands in California and escaped in 
several localities in the State. Extremely 
variable with several varieties. 

DANTHONIA PURPUREA (Thunb.) Beauv. 
ex Roem. and Schult. Densely tufted peren- 
nial, forming thick mats of filiform curly 
pilose leaves; culms very slender, 1 to 2 cm. 
tall, with few short blades; panicle sub- 
capitate, of few to several spikelets on short 
slender pedicels; spikelets about 8 mm. 
long; glumes dark purple fading to brown; 
florets about 4 mm. long, with a slender 
hairy callus, the lemma pilose at base and 
with small tufts of white hairs across the 
middle of the back; awn 2 to 3 mm. long, 
2  —Introduced from South Africa, grown 
in the grass garden of University of Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 313 
TRIBE 5. AGROSTIDEAE 
67. CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. Rereparass 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, pro- 
longed behind the palea (in our species, except Calamagrostis epigeios) as a 
short, commonly hairy bristle; glumes about equal, acute or acuminate; 
lemma shorter and usually more delicate than the glumes, usually 5-nerved, 
the midnerve exserted as an awn, the callus bearing a tuft of hairs, these often 
copious and as long as the lemma. Perennial, usually moderately tall grasses, 
mostly with creeping rhizomes, with small spikelets in open or usually narrow, 
sometimes spikelike, panicles. Type species, Arundo calamagrostis L. Name 
from Greek kalamos, a reed, and agrostis, a kind of grass, the type species being 
a reedy grass. American species belong to the Section Deyeuxia, in which the 
rachilla is prolonged. In Section Epigeios, of the Old World (one species intro- 
duced), the rachilla is not prolonged. 

Several species are important native forage grasses. Pinegrass, C’. rubescens, 
is a leading range grass in the mountains of Oregon and Washington. Blue- 
joint, C. canadensis, is a source of much of the wild hay of Wisconsin and 
Minnesota. On the plains and bench lands of Wyoming and northward, C. 
montanensis furnishes forage, especially when young. In low wet lands of the 
Northern States C. nexpansa is grazed especially by horses and cattle. 


la. Awn longer than the glumes, geniculate. 
2a. Panicle open, the branches spreading, naked below. 
Blades scattered, 5 to 9 mm. broad, flat; plant mostly more than 1 m. tall. 
1. C. BOLANDERI. 
Blades mostly basal, mostly not more than 2 mm. wide, often involute. 
Awn about 1 cm. long, much longer than the glumes; blades nearly or quite as long 


asain y MO werlne: CUlII Slur lil Sent So ts ee ee 2) Ce HOWELLI. 
Awn only alittle exceeding the glumes; blades much shorter than the culms, capillary, 
Suilleatemioldedeutw ee ante ie vitesse ON i ee 3. C. BREWERI. 

2b. Panicle compact, the branches appressed, floriferous from base. 
Blades scattered, broad and flat, 6 to 10 mm. wide...................----------- 4, C. TWEEDYI. 


Blades mostly basal, firm, narrow, becoming involute. 
Glumes about 1 cm. long, gradually long-acuminate; awn nearly 1 cm. long above 


IME MneMelmerrert rs eat tae Sie IS) Saree eee Ng 5. C. FOLIOSA. 
Glumes 6 to 8 mm. long, abruptly acute or acuminate; awn usually less than 5 mm. 
lomesalove the: bend <0 Seer es eee 6. C. PURPURASCENS. 


1b. Awn included or scarcely longer than the glumes, straight or geniculate. 
3a. Awn geniculate, protruding sidewise from the glumes; callus hairs rather sparse, 
shorter than the lemma. 
Plants tufted, not rhizomatous, less than 40 cm. tall; blades 1 to 2 mm. wide, soon in- 
volute, at least toward the tip. 


Panicles compact, spikelike; northwestern...................2-.2-.--------- 7. OC. MONTANENSIS. 
Panicles loose, open, relatively few-flowered; Tennessee...................... 8. C. CAINII. 
Plants maizeniatous, mostly more than 60 cm. tall; blades mostly more than 4 mm. 
wide, flat. 
Sheaths, or some of them, pubescent on the collar. 
Callus hairs one-third as long as lemma; western species........- 9. C. RUBESCENS. 
Callus hairs half to three-fourths as long as lemma; eastern species. 
alearabout asdlone. as the lemma: 10. C. PORTERI. 
Palea three-fourths as long as the lemma............--------+----------- 11. C. PERPLEXA. 


Sheaths glabrous on the collar. 
Culms stout, mostly more than 1 m. tall. 
Panicles loose, the branches ascending or spreading.......... 17. C. NUTKAENSIS. 
JP AIEEE! CONAN OPE Sh re ae oh A el ea eee DNA ie lie ee ERED 18. C. DENSA. 
Culms slender, mostly less than 1 m. tall. 
Hairs on callus and rachilla scant, less than 1 mm. long. 


Spikelets 5 mm. long; panicle spikelike.....................-- 19. C. KOELERIOIDES. 
Spikelets 4 mm. long; panicles scarcely spikelike, some of the branches naked 
lp clays eee om OMe tee ee OE a Ca he) 16. C. PICKERINGII. 


Hairs on callus and rachilla rather prominent, at least half as long as the lemma. 


314 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 423.—Calamagrostis bolanderi. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Bolander, Calif.) 


Callus hairs in 2 tufts, at sides of lemma. 
Plants with creeping rhizomes; spikelets 4 to 5.5 mm. long. 

Blades thin, glabrous on the upper surface. scaberulous beneath; panicle 
pale, rather loose; glumes relatively thin, 5 to 5.5 mm. long, sca- 
berulous on the keel toward the summit........... 12. C. INSPERATA. 

Blades firm, scabrous; panicle tawny to purplish, rather dense; glumes 
firm, 4 to 4.5 mm. long, scabrous throughout... 13. C. LACUSTRIS. 

Plants tufted; spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long. -..................- 14. C. FERNALDII. 
Callus hairs surrounding base of lemma...................-...----------- 15. C. NUBILA. 
3b. Awn straight (somewhat bent in C. epigeios and C. lactea), included; callus hairs usu- 
‘ally not much shorter than the lemma. 
Sheaths pubescent on the collar (see C. inexpansa var. barbulata). 20. C. SCRIBNERI. 
Sheaths glabrous on the collar. 
Panicle rather loose and open. 
Callus hairs copious, about as long as the lemma; awn delicate, straight. 
C. CANADENSIS. 
Callus hairs rather scant, about half as long as the lemma; awn stronger, weakly 
Pemiculate-s. 5 Neen Ae ga et ee en ee of Ne 222, €) CACTEAG 
Panicle more or less contracted. 
Blades flat, rather lax. 


Awn attached near the base; rachilla not prolonged___............. 29. C. EPIGEIOS. 
Awn attached at or about middle; rachilla prolonged. 
Glumes scabrous: plant/ereen=5 es = eee 23. C. CINNOIDES. 


Glumes nearly smooth; plant pale..............--....--.----.------ 24. C. SCOPULORUM. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


o15 


Blades involute or, if flat, rigid and becoming involute. 
Blades broad and short, as much as 5 mm. wide, nearly smooth. 


28. C. CRASSIGLUMIS. 


Blades elongate, smooth or scabrous. _ 
Blades firm, scabrous, rather rigid; ligule 4 to 6 mm. long; panicle firm, dense. 


25. C. INEXPANSA. 


Blades relatively soft, smooth beneath; ligule 1 to 3 em. long. 
Spikelets 3.9 to 4.2 mm. long; panicle 18 to 22 em. long. 


26. C. CALIFORNICA. 


Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long; panicle 5 to 15 em. long.... 27. C. NEGLECTA. 


Fiaure 424.—Calamagrostis howellit. Panicle, * 1; glumes and floret, * 10. (Chase 4846, Oreg.) 


1. Calamagrostis bolandéri Thurb. 
(Fig. 423.) Culms erect, 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall, with slender rhizomes; sheaths 
scabrous; ligule 4 to 5 mm. long; 
blades flat, 5 to 9 mm. wide, scat- 
tered, nearly smooth; panicle open, 
10 to 20 cm. long, the branches 
verticillate, spreading, naked below, 
the longer 5 to 10 cm. long; glumes 
3 to 4 mm. long, purple, scabrous, 
acute; lemma very scabrous, about 


as long as the glumes, the awn from 
near the base, geniculate, exserted, 
about 2 mm. long above the bend, 
the callus hairs short; rachilla pilose, 
Lito 27mm, lone 2) —_Bogs) and 
moist ground, prairie or open woods, 
near the coast, Mendocino and Hum- 
boldt Counties, Calif. 

2. Calamagrostis howéllii Vasey. 
(Fig. 424.) Culms densely tufted, 
rather slender, ascending, 30 to 60 


316 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FicurRE 425.—Calamagrostis breweri. Plant, eas 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Bolander 6098, Calif.) 


em. tall; sheaths smooth or slightly 
scabrous; ligule 2 to 8 mm. long; 


blades slender, scabrous on the upper 
surface, flat or soon involute, espe- 
cially toward the tip, about as long 
as the culms, the two cauline shorter, 
about 1 mm. wide; panicle pyramidal, 
5 to 15 em. long, rather open, the 
lower branches in whorls, ascending, 
naked below, 3 to 5 cm. long; spike- 
lets pale or tinged with purple; glumes 
acuminate, 6 to 7 mm. long; lemma 
acuminate, a little shorter than the 
glumes, the awn attached about 2 
mm. above the base, geniculate, ex- 
serted about 1 cm.; callus hairs and 
those of the rachilla about half as long 
as the lemma. 2 —Perpendicular 
cliffs, near Columbia River and its 
tributaries, Washington and Oregon. 

3. Calamagrostis brewéri Thurb. 
SHORTHAIR. (Fig. 425.) Culms densely 
tufted, slender, erect, 15 to 30 cm. 
tall; leaves mostly basal, usually 
involute-filiform; panicle ovate, pur- 
ple, 3 to 8 cm. long, the lower 
branches slender, spreading, few- 
flowered, 1 to 2 cm. long; glumes 3 
to 4mm. long, smooth, acute; lemma 
nearly as long as glumes, cuspidate- 
toothed, the awn from near the base, 
geniculate, exserted, twisted below, 
about 2 mm. long above the bend, the 
callus hairs short, scant; rachilla 
long-pilose, about half as long as the 
lemma. 2 —Mountain meadows 
of the high Sierra Nevada, Calif., 
where it is an important range grass. 

4, Calamagrostis tweédyi (Scribn.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 426.) Culms erect, 1 to 
1.5 m. tall, smooth, with short rhi- 
zomes; sheaths smooth, the lower be- 
coming fibrous; blades flat, somewhat 
scabrous, the cauline 5 to 15 em. long, 
as much as 1 em. wide, those of the 
innovations narrower and _ longer; 
panicle oblong, rather compact, or in- 
terrupted below, about 10 cm. long; 
glumes abruptly acuminate, purple- 
tinged, 6 to 7 mm. long; lemma about 
as long as the glumes, the awn ex- 
serted about 5 mm., the callus hairs 
scant, scarcely 1 mm. long; rachilla 
pilose, 2 mm. long. 2 —Moist 
open alpine slopes, Idaho and Cleland 
Counties, Idaho, and Kittitas Coun- 
ty and Cascade Mountain, Wash. 


‘Cae 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


5. Calamagrostis foliésa Kearney. 
(Fig. 427.) Culms tufted, erect, 30 to 
60 em. tall; leaves numerous, crowded 
toward the base, the sheaths overlap- 
ping, the blades involute, firm, 
smooth, nearly as long as the culm; 
panicle pale, dense, spikelike, 5 to 12 
em. long; glumes about 1 cm. long, 
acuminate; lemma 5 to 7 mm. long, 
acuminate, the apex with 4 setaceous 
teeth, the awn from near base, genic- 
ulate, about 8 mm. long above the 
bend, the callus hairs numerous, 3 


| \f 


Figure 426.—Calamagrostis tweedyi. Panicle, < 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Vasey, Wash.) 


317 


\\; \ | 
| ‘ Wh 
AWA 


== 


SS 


——— 
=S 


= 
SS 


Figure 427.—Calamagrostis foliosa. Panicle, * 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Davy 6602, Calif.) 


mm. long; rachilla pilose, nearly as 
long as lemma. 2 —Humboldt 
and Mendocino Counties, Calif. 

6. Calamagrostis purpurascens R. 
Br. PuRPLE REEDGRASS. (Fig. 428.) 
Culms tufted, sometimes with short — 
rhizomes, erect, 40 to 60 cm. or even 
100 cm. tall; sheaths usually scabrous, 
the old sheaths persistent and fibrous; 
blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, flat or more 
or less involute, rather thick, sca- 
brous; panicle dense, usually pinkish 
or purplish, spikelike, 5 to 12 cm. 
long, rarely longer; glumes 6 to 8 mm. 
long, scabrous; lemma nearly as long 
as glumes, the apex with 4 setaceous 
teeth, the awn from near base, finally 
geniculate, exserted about 2 mm.; 
hairs of callus and rachilla about one- 


—— = = 
— 


a 


—S—. 


—— 
S 


—- —= > 
: = 
SS 


FIGURE 428.—Calama- 
grostis purpurascens. 
Panicle X 1; glumes 
and: floret; =< 10: 
(Goodding 375, Wyo.) 


third as long asthe lemma. 2 (C. 
vaseyt Beal.)—Rocks and_ cliffs, 
Greenland to Alaska, south to Que- 
bec, South Dakota (Black Hills), 
Colorado, and California. 

7. Calamagrostis montanénsis 
Scribn. PLAINS REEDGRASS. (Fig. 
429.) Culms stiffly erect, scabrous be- 
low the panicle, usually 20 to 40 cm. 
tall, sometimes taller, with slender 
creeping rhizomes; lower sheaths 
rather papery, smooth; blades erect, 
mostly less than 2 mm. wide, more or 
less involute, scabrous, sharp-pointed ; 
panicle dense, erect, more or less in- 
terrupted, usually pale, 5 to 10 cm. 
long; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, the 
pedicels very scabrous; glumes acu- 
minate, scabrous; lemma nearly as 
long as the glumes, finely 4-toothed, 
the awn attached about 1 mm. above 
base, about equaling the lemma, 
slightly geniculate and protruding 
from side of glumes; palea nearly as 
long as the lemma; hairs of callus and 
rachilla rather abundant, about half 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


as long as the lemma. 2 Plains 
and dry open ground, Manitoba to 
Alberta, south to Minnesota, Wyo- 
ming, Colorado, and Idaho. 

8. Calamagrostis cainii Hitche. 
(Fig. 430.) Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall, 
slender, erect; blades as much as 35 
cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, flat or 
loosely involute, attenuate, scabrous 
above; panicles 6 to 10 cm. long, pale 
or purple-tinged, the slender ascend- 
ing branches 1 to 2 cm. long, few- 
flowered; glumes narrow, acuminate, 
5 to 6 mm. long; lemma acuminate or 
minutely dentate, the nerves some- 
times extending into short mucros, 
the callus-hairs about 1 mm. long; 
awn attached about 1 mm. above the 
base, geniculate, a little longer than 
the glumes; rachilla very short, the 
hairs 1 to2 mm. long. 2 —Shrub- 
by summit and open slopes of Mount 
LeConte, above 5,000 feet, Tenn. 


Figure 429.—Calamagrostis montanensis. Panicle, 
X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Scribner 363, Mont.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


9. Calamagrostis rubéscens Buckl. 
Pineacrass. (Fig. 431.) Culms slender, 
tufted, 60 to 100 cm. tall, with creep- 
ing rhizomes; sheaths smooth, but pu- 
bescent on the collar, sometimes ob- 
scurely so; blades erect, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide, flat or somewhat involute, sca- 
brous; panicle narrow, spikelike or 
somewhat loose or interrupted, pale 
or purple, 7 to 15 cm. long; glumes 4 
to 5 mm. long, narrow, acuminate; 
lemma pale, thin, about as long as 
glumes, smooth, the nerves obscure, 
the awn from near base, geniculate, 
exserted from side of glumes, 1 to 2 
mm. long above the bend, the callus 
hairs scant, about one-third as long 
as the lemma; rachilla 1 mm. long, the 
sparse hairs extending to2 mm. 2 
—QOpen pine woods, prairies, and 


FiaurEe 430.—Calamagrostis cainii. Panicle, ; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Underwood 1210, Tenn.) 


x ile 


\ 


NW | / WW WW \ 
THX 


SN 


Figure 431.—Calamagrostis rubescens. Panicle, X 1; 
pluie and floret, X 10. (Sandberg and Leiberg 
ash. 


Glumes and 


Figure 432.—Calamagrostis porteri. 
floret, X 10. (Porter, Pa.) 


banks, British Columbia, south to 
northern Colorado and central Cali- 
fornia. A valuable range grass. A large 
form with dense lobed panicle has 
been differentiated as C. cusicki 
Vasey. 

10. Calamagrostis portéri A. Gray. 
(Fig. 432.) Culms slender, 60 to 120 
cm. tall, with slender rhizomes; 
sheaths pubescent on the collar; 
blades flat, spreading, lax, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow but rather loose, 
erect or somewhat nodding, 10 to 15 


320 


Figure 433.—Calamagrostis perplera. Glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Metcalf 5668, N. Y.) 


em. long; glumes 4 to 6 mm. long, 
scaberulous; lemma slightly shorter 
than the glumes, toothed at apex, the 
awn from near base, about as long as 
the lemma, bent and protruding from 
side of glumes; palea about as long as 
the lemma; callus hairs in tufts at the 
sides, rather scant, nearly half as long 


Ficure 434.—Calamagrostis insperata. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


as the lemma; rachilla hairs scant, ex- 
tending to about3 mm. 2 —Dry 
rocky soil, New York, Pennsylvania, 
Virginia (Luray), and West Virginia. 
Apparently flowering irregularly or 
rarely. 

11. Calamagrostis perpléxa Scribn. 
(Fig. 433.) Culms slender, 90 to 100 
em. tall, with slender rhizomes; lower 
sheaths overlapping and with reduced 
blades, the others shorter than the in- 
ternodes, minutely scaberulous, to- 
mentose at the sides of the collar; 
ligule 3 to 5 mm. long; blades (except 
the lower) 15 to 35 cm. long, 3 to 6 


Figure 436.— Calama- 
grostis fernaldit. 


"IGURE 435.—Calama- 
grostis lacustris. 
Glumes and floret, X Glumes and floret, -X 
10. (Type.) 10. (Fernald 427, 

Maine.) 


mm. wide, scabrous; panicle 10 to 15 
cm. long, 2 to 3 cm. wide, many- 
flowered but rather loose, the axis 
smooth except toward the apex; spike- 
lets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, the glumes 
nearly equal, acuminate, scaberulous; 
lemma 3.5 mm. long, acuminate, the 
awn from near the base, about as long 
as the lemma; palea and callus hairs 
about three-fourths as long as the 
lemma, the hairs in 2 rather dense 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


tufts at the sides, the hairs of the ra- 
chilla scarcely as long, scant. 2 
—Wet rocks, New York (Thatcher’s 
Pinnacle, near Ithaca, type locality). 

12. Calamagrostis insperata Swal- 
len. (Fig. 434.) Culms 85 to 95 cm. 
tall, erect from slender creeping rhi- 
zomes; sheaths glabrous on the collar; 
ligule 5 mm. long; blades flat, rather 
thin, 4 to 8 mm. wide, 10 to 22 cm. 
long, acuminate, glabrous, the mar- 
gins scabrous; panicles 12 to 14 cm. 
long, the branches narrowly ascend- 
ing, at least some of them naked at 
the base; spikelets 5 to 5.5 mm. long; 
lemma 4 mm. long, scaberulous on the 
keel, the callus hairs in tufts at the 
sides, rather dense, some of them half 
to three-fourths as long as the lemma; 
rachilla 0.56 mm. long, the hairs as 
much as 2 mm. long; awn from about 
one-fourth above the base, about as 
long as the lemma, geniculate. 2 
—Known only from Ofer Hollow, 
Jackson County, Ohio. 

13. Calamagrostis  lacistris 
(Kearn.) Nash. (Fig. 435.) Culms 
rather slender from short rhizomes, 35 
to 100 cm. tall; sheaths and blades 
scabrous, the blades firm, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle 8 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 
2.5 cm. wide, relatively dense, or with 


one of the lower fascicle of branches . 


naked at base, the axis scabrous; 
spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long; glumes 
firm, rather broad, scabrous; lemma 
about 3.5 mm. long, scabrous, the 
awn from near the base, about as long 
as the lemma, geniculate; callus hairs 
about half to two-thirds as long as the 
lemma, in 2 tufts at the sides; rachilla 
minute, its hairs exceeding those of 
the callus. 2 —Mossy rocks, 
marshy meadows, and sandy shores, 
Ontario, Vermont, eastern New York, 
northern Michigan, and eastern Min- 
‘nesota. 

14. Calamagrostis fernaldii Louis- 
Marie. (Fig. 436.) Culms loosely 
tufted, about 80 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous on the collar; blades elongate, 
2 to 4 mm. wide, scabrous on both 
surfaces; panicle 8 to 9.5 cm. long, 
narrow, pale; glumes 3.5 to 4 mm. 


321 


Fieure 437.—Calamagrostis nubila. Glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Boott, N. H.) 


long; lemma 3.2 to 3.6 mm. long, sca- 
brous, minutely toothed, the awn 
from near the base, scarcely as long as 
the lemma, the palea about two- 
thirds as long; callus hairs in tufts at 
the sides, half to two-thirds as long as 
the lemma; rachilla hairs two-thirds 
to three-fourths as long as the lemma. 
2 —Wet cliffs, only known from 
Boarstone Mountain, Piscataquis 
County, Maine. 

15. Calamagrostis nibila Louis- 
Marie. (Fig. 437.) Culms tufted, 
erect, 55 cm. tall; sheaths mostly 
overlapping, scaberulous toward the 
summit; ligule 3 to 5 mm. long; blades 
flat, 12 to 18 em. long, 4 to 5 mm. 
wide, long-attenuate, scabrous on 
both surfaces, the upper exceeding the 
inflorescence; panicle pale, 13 to 14 
em. long, about 4 cm. wide, many- 
flowered but rather loose, probably 
nodding, the axis and branches flexu- 
ous, scabrous; spikelets on short sca- 
brous pedicels; glumes 4.5 to 5.2 mm. 
long, scabrous, the second indistinctly 
3-nerved; lemma 4.5 mm. long, 
toothed at the acuminate apex, the 
awn from near base, about as long as 
the lemma, bent and protruding from 
side of glumes; palea about two-thirds 


322 


as long as the lemma; callus and ra- 
chilla hairs rather copious, three- 
fourths to nearly as long as the lem- 
ma. 2) —Only known from Lake of 
the Clouds, Mount Washington, N.H. 

16. Calamagrostis pickeringii A. 
Gray. (Fig. 438.) Culms solitary or 
few in tufts, rather rigid, scabrous be- 
low the panicle, 30 to 60 cm. tall, 
with creeping rhizomes; blades erect, 
flat, 4 to 5 mm. wide; panicle pur- 
plish, erect, contracted and rather 


FIGURE 438.—Calamagrostis pickeringii. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hubbard 634, Mass.) 


dense, 7 to 12 em. long; glumes acute, 
about 4 to 4.5 mm. long; lemma a 
little shorter than the glumes, sca- 
berulous, narrowed to an obtuse 
point, the awn attached about 1 mm. 
above the base, about as long as the 
lemma, slightly bent and protruding 
somewhat from the side of the glumes; 
callus hairs in 2 tufts, scant, about 
0.5 mm. long; rachilla about 1 mm. 
long, the hairs short, rather scant. 
21 —Bogs, wet meadows, and sandy 
beaches, Newfoundland and Labrador 
to the mountains of Massachusetts 
and New York; Isle Royale, Mich. 
Slender plants with slightly smaller 
spikelets have been differentiated as 
C. pickeringw var. debilis (Kearney) 
Fern. and Wieg. 

17. Calamagrostis nutkaénsis 
(Presl) Steud. Paciric REEDGRASS. 
(Fig. 439.) Culms stout, 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall with short rhizomes (not usually 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


We 


\\ 


| \ \ WMATA 
| WY Ne te 


———————S = 
= —~ DEP 7 
—_——— - = 


i 

“| 
) y 
AN 


My} 
/ / 


FIGuRE 439.—Calamagrostis nutkaensis. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 23576, Oreg.) 


present in herbarium specimens); 
ligule 3 to 8 mm. long; blades elon- 
gate, 6 to 12 mm. wide, flat, becoming 
involute, gradually narrowed into a 
long point, scabrous; panicle usually 
purplish, narrow, rather loose, 15 to 
30 cm. long, the branches rather stiffly 
ascending; glumes 5 to 7 mm. long, 
acuminate; lemma about 4 mm. long, 
indistinctly nerved, the awn rather 
stout, from near the base, slightly 
geniculate, about equaling the lemma 
or shorter; hairs of callus and rachilla 
scarcely half as long 2 —Along 
the coast in moist soil or wet wooded 
hills, from Alaska to central Cali- 
fornia. 

18. Calamagrostis dénsa Vasey. 
CUYAMACA REEDGRASS. (Fig. 440.) 
Culms rather stout, densely tufted, 


smooth or scabrous just below the | 


panicle, mostly more than 1 m. tall, 
with rather stout rhizomes; sheaths 
shghtly scabrous; hgule 3 to 5 mm. 
long; blades flat, or subinvolute, sca- 
brous, 15 to 25 em. long, 3 to 8 mm.° 
wide, the uppermost shorter; panicle 
spikelike, dense, pale, 10 to 15 cm. 
long; glumes 4.5 to 5 mm. long, acu- 
minate, scaberulous; lemma 3.5 to 4 
mm. long, the awn bent, about as long 
as the lemma, more or less exserted 
at the side, the hairs of callus and ra- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


DA 
LZ 
ZL 
LZ 


UZ 
VLE 
?,; = 


Dos 


7 


UN, 


= 


Fieure 440.—Calamagrostis densa. Panicle, X 13 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 13163, Calif.) 
chilla scant, about 1 mm. long. 2 
—Dry hills, among shrubs, moun- 
tains east of San Diego, Calif. 

19. Calamagrostis koelerioides 
Vasey. (Fig. 441.) Differs from C. 
densa in the more slender culms and 
(often purplish) panicles; lemma 
nearly as long as the glumes. 2 
—Dry hills, banks, and meadows, 
Wyoming to Washington, south to 
southern California. Possibly a form 
of C. densa. 

20. Calamagrostis scribnéri Beal. 
SCRIBNER REEDGRASS. (Fig. 442.) 
Culms tufted, with numerous creep- 
ing rhizomes, slender, 60 to 100 cm. 
tall; lower sheaths loose, thin, upper 
scabrous, retrorsely pubescent on the 
collar; ligule about 5 mm. long; 
blades thin, elongate, 4 to 7 mm. 
wide, scabrous; panicle pale or pur- 
plish, narrow but rather lax, 10 to 
15 cm. long (rarely longer); glumes 
about 4 mm. long, acuminate; lemma 
a little shorter than the glumes, 
sharply toothed, the awn about as 
long as the glumes or a little longer, 
feebly bent, the callus hairs about 
half as long as the lemma; rachilla 
minute, its hairs nearly as long as 
the lemma. 2 —Moist meadows, 
Montana and Washington to New 
Mexico; infrequent. 

21. Calamagrostis canadénsis 
(Michx.) Beauv. Buugsoint. (Fig. 


323 


443, A.) Culms suberect, tufted, 60 to 
150 cm. tall, with numerous creeping 
rhizomes; sheaths glabrous or rarely 
obscurely pubescent; blades numer- 
ous, elongate, flat, rather lax, sca- 
brous, 4 to 8 mm. wide; panicle 
nodding, from narrow and rather 
dense to loose and relatively open, 
especially at base, 10 to 25 cm. long; 
glumes usually 3 to 4 mm. long, 
smooth or more commonly scabrous, 
acute to acuminate; lemma nearly as 


Fieure 441.—Calamagrostis koelerioides. Glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 23558, Oreg.) 


NN Vi -AiWWA Ze 
| Ae 


We NINN IZ 
NES IN AZ 
ole MY) \ 
| 


Mi) 


—= 
<= 


Figure 442.—Calamagrostis scribnert. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Rydberg 3083, Mont.) 


324 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


i 


Ficure 443.—A, Calamagrostis canadensis. Plant, X 1%; glumes and floret, X 10. (Chase 5077, Mont.) B, Var. 
scabra, X 10. (Pringle, N. H.) C, Var. macouniana, X 10. (Pammel 891, Minn.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


long as the glumes, smooth, thin in 
texture, the awn delicate, straight, 
attached just below the middle and 
extending to or slightly beyond its 
tip, the callus hairs abundant, about 
as long as lemma; rachilla delicate, 
sparsely long-pilose. 2} —Marshes 
wet places, open woods, and mead- 
ows, Greenland to Alaska, south to 
West Virginia and North Carolina 
(Roan Mountain), Missouri, Kansas, 
to New Mexico and California. A 


A: 


widely distributed and exceedingly 
variable species. Characters used to 
differentiate the many proposed va- 
rieties are not correlated in the larger 
proportion of specimens. The panicle 
varies in density and the glumes in 
size and scabridity. The following 
varieties are recognizable but are 
connected with the species by many 
intergrading specimens. 
CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS var. 
scABRA (Presl) Hitche. (Fig. 4438, B.) 
Differing in having spikelets 4.5 to 
6 mm. long, the glumes rather firm, 
hispidly short-ciliate on the keel, 
strongly scabrous otherwise, but the 
greater scabridity not constant. 2 
—Mountains of New England, New 
York, and northward, and along the 
_Pacific coast from Washington to 
Alaska. This form has been referred 
to C. langsdorfit (Link) Trin., which 


O20 


proves to be an Old World species 
not found in America. 
CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS var. 
MACOUNIANA (Vasey) Stebbins. (Fig. 
443, C.) Differing from C. canadensis 
in the smaller spikelets, about 2 mm. 
long. Scarcely a distinct variety. 2 
—Saskatchewan (Macoun 44, 45), 
Minnesota (Bemidji), South Dakota 
(Chamberlain, Redfield), Iowa, Ne- 
braska (Central City), Missouri (Lake 
City, Little Blue), Montana (Man- 


W 
Figure 444.—Calamagrostis lactea. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Dupl. type.) 


hattan), Yellowstone Park, Washing- 
ton (Spokane County), Oregon (Crook 
County). 

22. Calamagrostis lactea_ Beal. 
(Fig. 444.) Culms ascending, 80 to 
150 cm. tall, weak, the nodes sub- 
geniculate, with a short knotty rhi- 
zome; sheaths scaberulous; ligule 
rather firm, 3 to 5 mm. long; blades 
elongate, flat, lax, scabrous, 6 to 12 
mm. wide; panicle pale, narrowly 
pyramidal, 12 to 20 cm. long, loosely 
flowered; glumes 5 to 6 mm. long, 
scabrous, acuminate; lemma shorter 
than the glumes, scabrous, the apex 
setaceous-toothed, the awn attached 
near the base, about equaling the 
lemma, weakly geniculate; palea slight- 
ly exceeding the lemma, the cal- 
lus hairs about half as long; ra- 
chilla minute, sparsely pilose. 2 


326 


—Mountain slopes, Washington to 
California; apparently rare. 

23. Calamagrostis cinnoides 
(Muhl.) Barton. (Fig. 445.) Glau- 
cous; culms rather stout, erect, 80 
to 150 cm. tall, with slender rhizomes 
readily broken off; sheaths and blades 
very scabrous, sometimes sparsely 
hirsute, the blades flat, 5 to 10 mm. 
wide; panicle erect, dense, more or 
less lobed (somewhat open at an- 
thesis), 8 to 20 em. long, purple- 


AWIWZS 


WW 7//4/ 
MG 


‘i yy Cig 


tinged; glumes 6 to 7 mm. long, 
scabrous, long-acuminate or awn- 
pointed; lemma firm, acuminate, sca- 
brous, shorter than the glumes, the 
awn attached about one-fourth below 
the tip, not much exceeding the 
lemma, the callus hairs copious, 
about two-thirds as long; rachilla 
about 1 mm. long, glabrous below, 
with a brush of long white hairs at 
the tip about equaling the lemma. 
2 —Bogs and moist ground, Maine 
to New York, south to Alabama 
and Louisiana. 

24. Calamagrostis scopul6rum 
Jones. (Fig. 446.) Pale, glaucous; 
culms erect, 50 to 80 cm. tall, with 
short rhizomes; blades elongate, flat, 
scabrous, 3 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
pale to purplish, contracted, some- 
times spikelike, 8 to 15 cm. long; 
glumes 4 to 6 mm. long, somewhat 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


scabrous, acute or acuminate, not 
awn-pointed; lemma about as long 
as the glumes, minutely pilose, the 
awn attached above the middle, 
straight, about as long as the lemma, 
the callus hairs about two-thirds as 
long; rachilla rather sparsely long- 
pilose, especially on the upper part. 
2 —Moist soil in gulches, Mon- 
tana, Wyoming (Wild Cat Peak), 
Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and 
Arizona. 


Figure 445.—Calamagrostis cinnoides. 
Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, 
10. (Chase 7518, Md.) 


Y, 


Ficure 446.—Calamagrostis scopulorum. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Jones 1145, Utah.) 


25. Calamagrostis inexpansa A. 
Gray. NoRTHERN REEDGRASS. (Fig. 
447.) Culms tufted, 40 to 120 cm. 
tall, with rather slender rhizomes, 
often scabrous below the panicle; 
sheaths smooth, or somewhat sca- 
brous, the basal ones numerous, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


withering but persistent; ligule 4 to 
6 mm. long; blades firm, rather rigid, 
flat or loosely involute, very sca- 
brous, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle nar- 
row, dense, the branches mostly 
erect and spikelet-bearing from the 
base; 5 to 15 cm. long; glumes 3 to 
4 mm. long, abruptly acuminate, sca- 
berulous; lemma as long as glumes, 
scabrous, the awn attached about 
the middle, straight or nearly so, 
about as long as glumes, the callus 


Ny! 


i 


y 


Figure 447.—Calamagrostis inexpansa. Panicle, X 1: 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Ehlers 566, Mich.) 


Figure 448.—Calamagrostis californica. Glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Type.) 


hairs half to three-fourths as long; 
rachilla 0.5 mm. long, some of the 
hairs reaching to tip of lemma. 2 


327 


—Meadows, marshes, and wet places, 
Greenland to Alaska, south to Maine, 
Virginia (Mountain Lake), Washing- 
ton, New Mexico, and California. 
CALAMAGROSTIS INEXPANSA Var. NO- 
VAE-ANGLIAE Stebbins. Panicle more 
loosely flowered, the longer branches 
naked below. 2 —Wet granite 
ledges, Maine to Vermont. CaLAMa- 
GROSTIS INEXPANSA Var. BARBULATA 
Kearney. Culms robust, puberulent 
below the nodes; collar of sheaths 


FieureE 449.— Calamagrostis ne- 
glecta. Glumes and floret, X 10. 
(Fernald 182, Maine.) 


puberulent; awn minute or obsolete, 
callus hairs nearly as long as the 
lemma. 2 —Known only from 
Mason County, Wash. 

26. Calamagrostis californica 
Kearney. (Fig. 448.) Related to C. 
inexpansa, but foliage softer and pan- 
icle longer and looser; ligule 2 to 3 
mm. long; blades elongate, 1 to 4 
mm. wide, mostly involute, scabrous 
on the upper surface, smooth be- 
neath; panicle 18 to 22 cm. long, 
the densely flowered branches in 
rather distant fascicles, some of them 
naked at base for 1 to 2.5 cm., the 
axis glabrous; spikelets 3.9 to 4.2 
mm. long; glumes acuminate, sca- 
brous; lemma nearly as long as the 
glumes, strongly nerved, scabrous, 
the awn attached a little below the 
middle, straight, scarcely equaling the 
lemma, the callus hairs scarcely half 
as long as the lemma, the palea and 
the hairs of the rachilla about three- 


328 


fourths as long. 2 —Only known 
from a single collection from the 
Sierra Nevada, particular locality not 
known. 

27. Calamagrostis neglécta (Ehrh.) 
Gaertn. Mey. and Schreb. (Fig. 449.) 
Resembling C. inexpansa, on the 
average smaller; ligule 1 to 3 mm. 
long; blades smooth or nearly so, lax 
and soft, narrow, often filiform; pan- 
icles on the average smaller; glumes 
rather thinner in texture, often smooth 
2} —Marshes, sandy shores, and 
wet places, Greenland to Alaska, 
south to Maine, Vermont, New York, 
Michigan to Washington, Colorado, 
and Oregon; northern Eurasia. 


Figure 450.—Calamagrostis crassiglumis. Panicle, 
ms a glumes and floret, X 10. (Suksdorf 1024, 
Yash.) 


28. Calamagrostis crassigliimis 
Thurb. (Fig. 450.) Culms rather rigid, 
15 to 40 ecm. tall, with short rhi- 


} h N 
y % 
Yi \ y a 
WW 
|. gE 


7 


Lee 
EM 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


zomes; lower sheaths overlapping, 
somewhat papery; blades flat, or 
somewhat involute, smooth, firm, 
about 4 to 5 mm. wide; panicle nar- 
row, dense, spikelike, 2 to 5 cm. long, 
dull purple; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long, 
ovate, rather abruptly acuminate, 
purple, scaberulous, firm or almost 
indurate; lemma about as long as 
glumes, broad, obtuse or abruptly 
pointed, the awn attached about the 
middle, straight, about as long as 
lemma, the callus hairs abundant, 
about 3 mm. long; rachilla 1 mm. 
long, the hairs reaching to apex of 
lemma. 2 —Swampy soil, Van- 
couver Island, Washington (What- 
com Lake), California (Mendocino 
County). A rare species allied to C. 
inexpansa and C. neglecta. 
29. Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) 
Roth. (Fig. 451.) Culms 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall, with extensively creeping rhi- 
zomes; ligule about 4 mm. long, rather 
firm; blades elongate, 4 to 8, some- 
times to 13 mm. wide, scabrous; pan- 
icle pale, erect, narrow, rather dense, 
25 to 35 cm. long; spikelets crowded; 
glumes subequal, mostly 5 to 6 mm., 
sometimes to 8 mm., long, narrowly 
lanceolate, attenuate; lemma scarcely 
half as long as the glumes, 2-toothed 
at the apex, the awn mostly from be- 
low the middle, delicate, often ob- 
scure, slightly bent, about as long as 


Figure 451.—Calamagrostis epigeios. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Fernald 757, Mass.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


the lemma to equaling the glumes; 
callus hairs rather copious, about 


329 


near the coast of Massachusetts, Long 
Island and Saratoga County, N. Y., 


Montgomery County, Pa., North 
Dakota to Iowa and Kansas; becom- 
ing a weed. Introduced from Eurasia. 


equaling the glumes; rachilla obso- 
lete. 2 j§—Sandy woods, salt 
marshes, fields, and waste ground, 


68. AMMOPHILA Host. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above the 
glumes, produced beyond the palea as a short bristle, hairy above; glumes 
about equal, chartaceous; lemma similar to and a little shorter than the glumes, 
the callus bearded; palea nearly as long as the lemma. Tough, rather coarse, 
erect perennials, with hard, scaly, creeping rhizomes, long, tough, involute 
blades, and pale, dense spikelike panicles. Type species, Ammophila arenaria. 
pened from the Greek ammos, sand, and philos, loving, alluding to the 

abitat. 

The species of Ammophila are important sand-binding grasses, A. arenaria 
being used in northern Europe to hold the barrier dunes along the coast. 
In this country it has been tried with success on Cape Cod and at Golden 
Gate Park, San Francisco. Called also marram, psamma, and sea sandreed. 


BEACHGRASS 


itieuiescaim.-1OstoiOsmm. long oe ee 2. A. ARENARIA. 


ireule tram) le-to3 mim. lone. 2.222. 


1. Ammophila breviligulata Fern- 
ald. AMERICAN BEACHGRASS. (Fig. 
452.) Culms in tufts, commonly 70 to 
100 cm. tall with deep strong exten- 
sively creeping rhizomes, the base of 
the culms clothed with numerous 
broad overlapping sheaths; ligule 
firm, 1 to 3 mm. long; blades elongate, 
firm, soon involute, curved forward 
past the culm, the scaberulous upper 
surface downward; panicle pale, 15 to 
30 cm. long, nearly cylindrical; spike- 
lets 11 to 14 mm. long; glumes sca- 
berulous, the first 1-nerved, the sec- 
ond 3-nerved; lemma scabrous, the 
callus hairs about 2 mm. long, the 
rachilla about 3 mm. long. 2 — 
Sand dunes along the coast from 
Newfoundland to North Carolina, 


A. BREVILIGULATA. 


and on the shores of the Great Lakes 
from Lake Ontario to Lake Superior 
and Lake Michigan. 

2. Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link. 
EUROPEAN BEACHGRASS. (Fig. 453.) 
Like the preceding in habit, the culms 
sometimes thicker; ligule thin, 1 to 3 
cm. long; panicle often thicker in the 
middle, tapering to the summit; spike- 
lets 1.2 to 1.5 cm. long; callus hairs 
about 3 mm. long, the rachilla 2 mm. 
long. 2 —Sand dunes along the 
coast from San Francisco to Washing- 
ton. Introduced as a sand binder in 
the vicinity of San Francisco and now 
established at several places to the 
north; coast of Europe. 


69. CALAMOVILFA Hack. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, not 
prolonged behind the palea; glumes unequal, chartaceous, l-nerved, acute; 
lemma a little longer than the second glume, chartaceous, 1-nerved, awnless, 
glabrous or pubescent, the callus bearded; palea about as long as the lemma. 
Rigid, usually tall perennials, with narrow or open panicles, some species with 
creeping rhizomes. Type species, Calamovilfa brevipilis. Name from Greek 
kalamos, reed, and Vilfa, a genus of grasses. Calamovilfa longifolia is of some 
value for forage, but is rather coarse and woody; a variety of this and also 
C’. gigantea are inland sand binders. 


Rhizomes short and thick. 


aM Clewmaanhonve) COMLTPACKEG.2 <2... A 1. C. CURTISSII. 


330 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


2. C. BREVIPILIS. 


3. C. LONGIFOLIA. 
Caos ee Se ee ee 4. C. GIGANTEA. 


SS 


mr — 


S —— : 
WN SSS rs — Lar ——— 


= 


FIGuRE 452.—Ammophila breviligulata. Plant, X 4; 
spikelet and floret, X 5. (Sherff, Ind.) 


1. Calamovilfa curtissii (Vasey) 
Scribn. (Fig. 454.) Culms tufted from 
a short, thick horizontal rhizome, 
about 1 m. tall; lower sheaths firm, 
overlapping, persistent; blades elon- 
gate, 2 to 3 mm. wide, flat to involute, 
those of the innovations subfiliform; 
panicle contracted but not dense, 15 
to 20 cm. long; spikelets pale, about 
5 mm. long; glumes acute, the first 4 
mm., the second 5 mm. long; lemma 
as long as the second glume, acute, 
villous on the back below, the callus 
hairs 1 to 1.5 mm. long; palea sparsely 
At villous along the keels. 2 —Low 
AS - pine barrens, northern Florida. 


‘ 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


2. Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 455.) Culms solitary or 
few, compressed, 60 to 120 cm. tall, 
the base as in C. curtissiz; blades 
elongate, 2 to 3 mm. wide, flat to 
subinvolute; panicle subpyramidal, 
rather open, 10 to 25 cm. long, the 
branches ascending, flexuous, naked 
below; pedicels sparsely pilose at the 
summit; spikelets brownish, 5 to 6 
mm. long; glumes acuminate, the first 
2 to 2.5 mm. long, the second about 
4mm. long; lemma villous on the back 
below, the callus hairs 1.5 mm. long; 
palea exceeding the lemma, villous on 


the back. 2 —Marshes and river 
banks, New Jersey. 
CALAMOVILFA BREVIPILIS'- var. 


cALVIPES Fernald. Very similar to the 


Figure 453.—Ammophila arenaria. Glumes, floret, 
and ligule, X 5. (Heller 5670.) 


331 


=< = 
Sa 
——— 


———— 


—— 


Figure 454.—Calamovilfa curtissii. Plant, X %; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Garber, Fla.) 


species; panicles looser, more open; 
pedicels glabrous; spikelets 4 to 5 
mm. long, the lemma and palea 
about equal. 2} —Sphagnous bog, 
Greensville County, Va. 
CALAMOVILFA  BREVIPILIS var. 
HETEROLEPIS Fernald. Panicles some- 
what narrower; pedicels with a few 
short hairs at summit; spikelets more 
crowded toward the ends of the 
branches, 5.5 to 6 mm. long, the 
palea slightly shorter than the lemma. 
2 —Edge of swamps and moist 
savannas, Virginia to South Carolina. 
3. Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 456.) Culms mostly soli- 
tary, 50 to 180 cm. tall, with strong 
scaly creeping rhizomes; sheaths usu- 
ally more or less appressed-villous, 
especially near the summit; blades 
firm, elongate, flat or soon involute, 
4 to 8 mm. wide near base, tapering 
to a long fine point; panicle 15 to 35 
em. long, rather narrow or contracted, 


332 


LS ome 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


a 


Ca 


ZZ 


fe. 
Q{EGEL 


es: 


A 


S40 
7 


Figure 455.—Calamovilfa brevipilis. Plant, X 4%; glumes and floret, X 5. (Brinton, N. J.) 


the branches ascending or appressed, 
sometimes slightly spreading; spike- 
lets pale, 6 to 7 mm. long; glumes 
acuminate, the first about 2 mm. 
shorter than the second; lemma some- 
what shorter than the second glume, 
glabrous, the callus hairs copious, 
more than half as long as the lemma. 
2 —Sand hills and sandy prairies 
or open woods, Michigan to Alberta, 
south to Indiana, Colorado, and 
Idaho. CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA var. 
MAGNA Scribn. and Merr. Panicle 
more open and spreading. 2 — 
Sandy ridges and dunes along Lakes 
Huron and Michigan. 


4, Calamovilfa gigantéa (Nutt.) 
Scribn. and Merr. (Fig. 457.) Culms 
robust, mostly solitary, usually 1.5 to 
2m. tall, as much as 6 mm. thick at 
base, with strong creeping rhizomes; 
sheaths glabrous; blades elongate, 5 
to 10 mm. wide at base, tapering to a 
long involute tip; panicle open, as 
much as 60 cm. long, the branches 
rather stiffly spreading, as much as 25 
cm. long; spikelets similar to those of 
C. longifolia, but somewhat larger; 
lemma and palea villous along the 
back; callus hairs copious, half as long 
as the lemma. 21 —Sand dunes, 
Kansas to Utah, Texas, and Arizona. 


70. APERA Adans. 
(Included in Agrostis L. in Manual, ed. 1) 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, the rachilla pro- 
longed back of the palea as a naked bristle; glumes subequal, acuminate; 
lemma firm, subindurate at maturity, acute, bearing a long delicate straight 
awn just below the tip; palea nearly as long as the lemma, strongly 2-nerved. 
Annuals with flat blades and loose or narrow panicles. Type species, A pera 
spica-venti (L.) Beauv. Name from Greek a, not, and peros, maimed, apparently 
alluding to the long awn, this nearly wanting in Calamagrostis calamagrostis 
(L.) Karst. (C. lanceolata Roth), from which Adanson differentiated the genus. 
Panicle open, the branches. naked below22-1 2-2-2 ee 1. A. SPICA-VENTI. 


Panicle narrow, contracted, interrupted, the branches, or some of them floriferous from 
thesbase:: esos ge ee Be oe Bs Rt aee, ee ee ee ee 2. A. INTERRUPTA. 


1. Apera spica-vénti (L.) Beauv. 
(Fig. 458.) Annual; culms branched 
at base, mostly 40 to 60 cm. tall; 


ligule as much as 6 mm. long; blades 
flat, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 10 to 


339 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Fiaure 456.—Calamovilfa longifolia. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Babcock, Ill.) 


304 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ei MN GY 
If ‘Ad Vo 42. f 
W'S EYEE 


AA4xX 


Figure 457.—Calamovilfa gigantea. Panicle, 


20 cm. long, usually less than half as 
broad, the branches capillary, spread- 
ing, whorled, naked at base; spikelets 
2 to 2.5 mm. long; glumes somewhat 
unequal, the first shorter and nar- 
rower; lemma about as long as the 
second glume, scaberulous, with a 
slender awn from below the apex, the 
awn about twice as long as the 
glumes; palea about as long as the 
lemma; rachilla less than 0.5 mm. 


xX 4; glumes and floret, X 5. (White, Okla.) 


Ohio; Missouri; Portland, Oreg.; Eu- 
rope. 

2. Apera interripta (L.) Beauv. 
(Fig. 459.) Similar to A. spica-venti; 
panicle narrower, more condensed, in- 
terrupted, the branches or some of 
them floriferous from the base; awn 
of lemma about | cm. long. © — 
Introduced in Missouri (St. Louis), 
Washington (Spokane), Oregon (Port- 
land), Idaho (Nezperce Forest), and 


long. © Introduced at a few 


British Columbia (Okanogan); Eu- 
points from Maine to Maryland; 


rope. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, the rachilla usually 
not prolonged; glumes equal or nearly so, acute, acuminate, or sometimes awn- 
pointed, usually scabrous on the keel and sometimes on the back; lemma 
obtuse, usually shorter and thinner than the glumes, mostly 3-nerved, awnless 
or dorsally awned, often hairy on the callus; palea usually shorter than the lem- | 
ma, 2-nerved in only a few species, usually small and nerveless or obsolete. | 
Delicate to moderately tall annuals or usually perennials, with flat or some- 
times involute, scabrous blades, and open to contracted panicles of small 
spikelets. Type species, Agrostis stolonifera. Name from Greek agrostis, a 
kind of grass, from agros, a field; the word agrostology is from the same root. 
The rachilla is regularly prolonged in a few species and in occasional spikelets 
of other species. 

Most of the species are important forage plants, either under cultivation or 
in the mountain meadows of the Western States. The three important culti- 
vated species are redtop, Agrostzs alba, used for meadows, pastures, lawns, 
and sports turf, Colonial bent, A. tenuis, used for pastures, lawns, and sports 
turf, and creeping bent, A. palustris, used for lawns and golf greens. Velvet 
bent, A. canina, is sometimes used for putting greens. Recently forms of 
A. palustris, called Washington bent and Metropolitan bent, have come into 
use for lawns and especially for golf greens. They are propagated by the stolons. 
Fiorin is a name applied in England to A. palustris. 

The native species abundant enough to be of importance as forage plants are 
A. exarata, throughout the western part of the United States, A. oregonensis 
in Oregon, and A. variabilis in alpine regions of the Northwest. 


| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
71. AGROSTIS L. Brentcrass 


la. Palea evident, 2-nerved, at least half as long as the lemma. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 459.—Apera inter- 


x Ys; 
a5: 


Panicle, 
glumes and floret, 
(Bonser 3, Wash.) 


rupta. 


.—Apera spica- 
Plant, X 44; glumes 


and floret, X 5. (Martin- 
dale, N. J.) 


Fiaure 458 
venti. 


336 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


2a. Rachilla prolonged behind the palea as a minute bristle. 
Lemma pubescent 
Lemma glabrous. 
Spikelets 2 mmm. lomg ess 22 2. eee eee eee 2. A. THURBERIANA. 
Spikelets 3mm -jlomge S22 Sf. 5 eee ee ee ed 3. A. AEQUIVALVIS. 
2b. Rachilla not prolonged. 
Glumes scabrous on the keel and on the back; panicle contracted, lobed, the short 
branches densely verticillate: 1)... a 4, A. SEMIVERTICILLATA. 
Glumes scabrous on the keel only; panicle open or, if contracted, not lobed nor with 
densely verticillate branches. 
Plantsitutted: dwari-alpine'species= == = aa ene 10. A. HUMILIS. 
Plants with rhizomes or stolons; taller species of low and medium altitudes. 
Branches of panicle naked at base, the panicle open and delicate; ligule as much as 
2 mm. long on culm leaves, less than 1 mm. on the innovations. 
9. A. TENUIS. 
Branches of panicle or some of them floriferous from base; ligule as much as 6 mm. 
long. 
Panicle contracted, the branches appressed; long stolons developed in isolated 
plants. Culms decumbent at base..___--.-.-------- nea enenn eee 6. A. PALUSTRIS. 
Panicle open, the branches ascending, no long stolons developed. 
Culms producing rather stout creeping leafy stolons................- i. “AZ NIGRAL 
Culms decumbent at base; rhizomes wanting.................. 5. A. STOLONIFERA. 
Culmsierect; rhizomes!developed=.- =e ee ee 8. A. ALBA. 
1b. Palea obsolete, or a minute nerveless scale (in A. exarata and A. californica as much as 
0.5 mm. long or more). 


3a. Plants annual, lemma with a slender awn, geniculate or flexuous. 
emmaawnless:. 22 sci. 2 Were a ees ae ea oe hile 
Lemma with a slender geniculate or flexuous awn. 
Awn flexuous, delicate; Southeastern States 
Awn geniculate; Pacific coast. 
Spikelets about 1.5 mm. long; lemma awned below the tip.......... 13. A. EXIGUA. 
Spikelets at least 2.56 mm. long; lemma awned from the middle. 


Apex of lemma obscurely toothed or nearly entire; lemma 1.7 to 1.9 mm. long. 
16. A. MICROPHYLLA. 


A. ROSSAE. 


Se el et OR 12. A. ELLIOTTIANA. 


Apex of lemma bearing 2 or 4 delicate awns. 
Lemma pilose; glumes 3.5 to 4 mm. long............-.-...... 15. A. KENNEDYANA. 
Lemma glabrous except on the callus; glumes 5 to 6 mm. long. 

Lemma relatively firm, scabrous, 3.2 to 3.5 mm. long; palea nearly 14 as 
lone asithedemmiay = S522) eek een Aue ees 17. A. ARISTIGLUMIS. 
Lemma thin, glabrous, 3 mm. long; palea obsolete... 14. A. HENDERSONI. 
3b. Plants perennial; lemma awned or awnless, the awn when present not much exserted. 
4a. Plants spreading by creeping rhizomes (those of A. lepida short). 
Hairs at-base of lemma 1 to 2immslong 2s. es ee eee 18. A. HALLII. 
Hairs at base of lemma minute or wanting. 

Rhizomes short .alpine tufted: plants 222 12 en. = es 19. A. LEPIDA. 

Rhizomes long and slender. 

Paniclé:spikelike.. <. 2. 2a ie oe 2 ee eee 20. A. PALLENS. 

Panicle opens 2-32 2 ee ee ee ae ee eee 21. <A. DIEGOENSIS. 

4b. Plants without rhizomes, stolons sometimes developed. 
5a. Panicle narrow, contracted, at least some of the lower branches spikelet-bearing 
from the base. 

Culms slender, not more than 20 cm. tall, in dense tufts with numerous basal 
leaves; blades not more than 7 cm. long, mostly less, less than 2 mm. wide; 
panicles seldom more than 5 mm. wide. 

Culms spreading; panicles strict, greenish; lemma with a minute awn or the 

midnerve ending below the summit....__........-.----.--------- 22. <A. BLASDALEI. 
Culms erect; panicle narrow but loose, purple; lemma awnless, the midnerve 
reachins: the: sumimart e eee ie ea tinue oe Seer nee tee 23. A. VARIABILIS. 

Culms taller, stouter, not in tufts with dense basal foliage; blades or some of them 
at least 8 to 10 em. long and 3 to 5 mm. wide, commonly much larger; glumes 
scabrous on the keel. 

Panicle from loose to dense; lemma acute, not toothed; palea minute. 
Panicle loose, the branches verticillate, not densely flowered at base; awn of 
lemma twisted cenicullater. = es see eee ee eee 25. A. AMPLA. 
Panicle dense to loose, the branches crowded and densely flowered at base; 
lemma awnless or (in vars. pacifica and monolepis) awned. 
24. A. EXARATA. 


aE EE teins BNE pected ed is nee Om 1. A. AVENACEA. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 337 


Panicle dense and spikelike; lemma minutely 4-toothed; palea 14 to 14 as long 
ASKU eR eMai ase oe eke eRe eee Ree ee 26. A. CALIFORNICA. 
5b. Panicle open, sometimes diffuse; branches very slender, scabrous, the lower 
branches not spikelet-bearing at the base. 
Lemma awned from near the base. 
Blades elongate, 3 to 5 mm. wide; panicle branches flexuous; spikelets about 


BEI) TOW TD COON ERE cae SARs AT Spe cere wsatbenry oh eh et ay ee 28. A. HOWELLII. 
Blades about 1 mm. wide or less; panicle branches straight; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. 
NODE steppe a a he eR Es eae 27. A. HOOVERI. 


Lemma awnless or awned from the middle or above. 
Panicle very diffuse, the capillary branches branching toward the end or (in 
A. scabra var. geminata) above the middle. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long, very densely clustered at the ends of the branch- 


lets; lemma 1 to 1.2 mm. long, scarcely longer than the caryopsis; anthers 


about 0.2 mm. long............ 


29. A. HIEMALIS. 


Spikelets 2 to 2.7 mm. long, loosely arranged at the ends of the branchlets; 
lemma 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long, distinctly longer than the caryopsis; anthers 


0.4 to 0.5 mm. long_........_... 


TC MSI oR eee Le 30. A. SCABRA. 


Panicle open but not diffuse, the branches branching at or below the middle. 
Lemma awnless (occasional plants with awned lemmas). 
Spikelets about 2 mm. long; plants of high altitudes, delicate, 10 to 30 cm. 


a WP See Rie a ak 


A. IDAHOENSIS. 


Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long; more robust plants of low and medium altitudes. 

Panicle rather lax, sometimes delicate and divaricately spreading; blades 
flat, as much as 6 mm. wide; eastern United States. 

Spikelets mostly 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, not aggregate or but slightly so 


at the ends of the panicle branches_........... BVA; 


A. PERENNANS. 


Spikelets mostly 2.7 to 3.5 mm. long, aggregate towards the ends of 
33 


the panicle branches 


A. ALTISSIMA. 


Panicle rather stiff, the branches whorled and rather stiffly ascending; 

iRacitic coasts. ae 

Lemma awned. 

Spikelets about 2 mm. long; introduced..................---------- 35. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; native. 

Ligule 1 to 2 mm. long... 

Ligule 5 to 8 mm. long....... 


Figure 460.— Agrostis 
avenacea. Panicle, X 
4; glumes and floret, 
X 10. (Tracy and 

Earle 403, Tex.) 


1. Agrostis avenacea Gmel. (Fig. 
460.) Perennial; culms tufted, erect or 
decumbent at base, 20 to 60 cm. tall; 
sheaths smooth; ligule of culm leaves 
3 to 5mm. long; blades flat, scabrous, 
1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle diffuse, 15 to 
30 cm. long, the branches in distant 
whorls, capillary, reflexed at maturi- 


34. A. OREGONENSIS. 


A. CANINA. 


iol: 1 Sy A Ore Ae SAME OE 36. A. BOREALIS. 
Pais er leone) 8 Ra aS, thes 37. <A. LONGILIGULA. 


ty, divided above the middle; glumes 
acuminate, 3 to 4 mm. long; lemma 
about half as long as the glumes, thin, 
pubescent, short-bearded on the cal- 
lus, and bearing about the middle a 
slender geniculate and twisted awn 
exserted about the length of the 
glumes; palea nearly as long as the 


338 


lemma; rachilla slender, pilose, from 
half to as long as the lemma. 2 
(A. retrofracta Willd.)—Introduced in 
central California (15 miles south of 
Stockton), Texas (Kent), and Ohio 
(Painesville); common in Hawaiian 
Islands and Polynesia. 


Figurpe 461.—Agrostis thurberiana. Panicle, 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


Kats 


Figure 462.—Agrostis aequivalvis. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Howell 1712, Alaska.) 


2. Agrostis thurberiana Hitche. 
THURBER BENT. (Fig. 461.) Culms 
slender, in small tufts, erect, 20 to 40 
cm. tall; leaves somewhat crowded at 
base, the blades about 2 mm. wide; 
panicle rather narrow, lax, more or 
less drooping, 5 to 7 cm. long; spike- 
lets green, pale, or purple, 2 mm. 
long; lemma nearly as long as the 
glumes, the palea about two-thirds as 
long; rachilla hairy, 0.8 mm. long. 
21} —Bogs and moist places, at me- 
dium and upper altitudes, Colorado 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


to British Columbia and south in the 
Sierras to central California. 

3. Agrostis aequivalvis (Trin.) 
Trin. (Fig. 462.) Similar to A. thurber- 
zana; culms on the average taller, 
blades longer; panicle usually purple, 
5 to 15 cm. long; spikelets about 3 to 
4.5 mm. long; palea nearly as long as 
the lemma; rachilla minutely pubes- 
cent, one-fifth to half as long as the 
lemma. 2 —Wet meadows and 
bogs, Alaska, southward (rare) in the 
Cascade Mountains to Oregon. 

4. Agrostis semiverticillata 
(Forsk.) C. Christ. WatTER BENT. 
(Fig. 463.) Culms usually decumbent 
at base, sometimes with long creeping 
and rooting stolons; blades firm, 
mostly relatively short and broad, but 
in luxuriant specimens elongate; pan- 
icle contracted, 3 to 10 cm. long, 
densely flowered, lobed, with short 
verticillate branches, especially at 
base, the branches spikelet-bearing 
from the base; spikelets usually falling 
entire; glumes equal, narrowed to an 
obtuse tip, scabrous on back and keel, 
2mm. long; lemma 1 mm. long, awn- 
less, truncate and toothed at apex; 
palea nearly as long as the lem- 
ma. 2 (A. verticillata Vill.)—Moist 
ground at low altitudes, especially 
along irrigation ditches (in irrigated 
regions), Texas to California, north to 
Utah and Washington; on ballast at 
some Atlantic ports. Introduced in 
America, south to Argentina; warmer 
parts of the Eastern Hemisphere. 


FicurE 463.—Agrostis semiver- 
ticillata. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Schoenfeldt 
3159, Calif.) 


5. Agrostis stolonifera L. (Fig. 
464.) Culms ascending from a spread- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ing base, the decumbent portion root- 
ing in wet soil, 20 to 50 cm. tall; 
ligule as much as 6 mm. long; blades 
flat, mostly 1 to 8 mm. wide; panicle 
oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, pale or pur- 
ple, somewhat open, the branches or 
some of them spikelet-bearing from 
near the base; spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. 
long; glumes acute, glabrous except 
the scabrous keel; lemma shorter than 
the glumes, awnless or rarely awned 
from the back; palea usually half to 
two-thirds as long as the lemma. 2 
—Moist grassy places, Newfoundland 
to Alaska, south to Virginia (adven- 
tive in South Carolina) in the East 
and to Washington in the West; 
northern Europe. This species appears 
to be native in northern North 
America. 

6. Agrostis palistris Huds. Crrxp- 
_ING BENT. (Fig. 465.) Differing from 
A. stolonfera chiefly in the long 
stolons, the narrow stiff appressed 
blades, and the condensed (sometimes 
somewhat open) panicle. 2 (A. 
maritima Lam.)—Marshes along the 


Figure 464.— Agrostis stolonifera. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 5. (Hitchcock 23899, Newfoundland.) 


coast, from Newfoundland to Vir- 
ginia; British Columbia to northern 
California; sometimes occupying ex- 
tensive areas, as at Coos Bay, Oreg.; 
introduced at various places in the 


339 


interior of southern Canada and 
northeastern United States to Vir- 
ginia and Wisconsin, and occasion- 


Figure 465.—Agrostis palustris. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 11713, Wash.) 


BN 


SS 


— 


FicureE 466.—Agrostis nigra. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. 
(Moore 47, cult. Mo. Bot. Gard.) 


ally southward, Texas to Arizona, 
especially along ditches; Idaho and 
Washington to Colorado and Cali- 
fornia; Eurasia. Forms of this species, 
known as seaside, Coos Bay, and 
Cocoos bents (propagated by seed), 
and Metropolitan and Washington 


340 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 467.—Agrostis alba. Plant, X %; 2 
spikelets and floret, X 5. (Chase 5191, Mont.) 


bents (propagated by stolons and used for lawns and extensively for 
formerly called carpet bent), are putting greens. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 341 


7. Agrostis nigra With. Buackx 
BENT. (Fig. 466.) Culms long-de- 
cumbent at base, also with rather 
stout leafy stolons, the fertile branches 
ascending or erect, 20 to 30 cm. tall; 
ligule as in A. alba; panicle brownish, 
open as in A. alba, but on the aver- 
age more condensed. along the 
branches, the base usually partly 
included. 2 —Sometimes found 
mixed with “South German’ bent 
(creeping bent), hence may be a 
constituent of lawns grown from im- 
ported seed; Europe. 

8. Agrostis alba L. Reprop. (Fig. 
467.) Differing from A. stolonzfera in 
its usually erect more robust culms, 
sometimes as much as 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall, the base erect or decumbent, 
with strong creeping rhizomes; blades 
flat, 5 to 10 mm. wide; panicle py- 
ramidal-oblong, reddish, as much as 
20 cm. long, the branches spreading 
in anthesis, sometimes contracting 
later; lemmasrarelyawned 2 (A. 
gigantea Roth.)—This is the common 
redtop cultivated for meadows, pas- 
tures, and lawns, extensively escaped 
in all the cooler parts of.the United 
States; Eurasia. This form appears 
not to be native in America. Plants 
growing without cultivation often 
have pale panicles and may tend to 


Figure 468.—A, Agrostis tenuis. Panicle, X 1; glumes, 
floret, and ligule, X 5. (Waghorne, Newfoundland.) 
B, Var. aristata. Floret, X 5. (Gayle 786, Maine.) 


take on the aspect of A. stolonifera. 
This and the two preceding are 
closely allied and appear to inter- 
grade. The name A. palustris has been 
erroneously applied to this species. 

9. Agrostis ténuis Sibth. CoLoNIAL 
BENT. (Fig. 468, A.) Culms slender, 
erect, tufted, usually 20 to 40 cm. 
tall, with short stolons but no creep- 
ing rhizomes; ligule short, less than 
1 mm. or on the culm as much as 2 
mm. long; blades mostly 5 to 10 cm. 
long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle mostly 
5 to 10 cm. long, open, delicate, the 
slender branches naked below, the 
spikelets not crowded. 2 (A. vul- 
garvs With.)—Cultivated for pastures 
and lawns in the northeastern United 
States; escaped and well established 
throughout those regions; Newfound- 
land south to North Carolina, West 
Virginia, and Michigan; British Co- 
lumbia to Montana and California; 
Europe. This species appears not to 
be native in America; it has been 
referred to A. capillaris L., a distinct 
species of Europe. In older works 
this has been called Rhode Island 
bent. Forms of this species are some- 
times called Prince Edward Island, 
New Zealand, Rhode Island Colonial, 
Astoria, and Colonial bent. Highland 
bent is an aberrant form which may 
be a distinct species. 

AGROSTIS TENUIS var. ARISTATA 
(Parnell) Druce. (Fig. 468, B.) Differ- 
ing from A. tenuis in having lem- 
ma awned from near the base, the 
awn usually geniculate and exceeding 
the glumes. 2 -—Fields and open 
woods, Nova Scotia and Quebec to 
North Carolina; Alaska to Van- 
couver Island; northern California; 
Europe. This form appears to be 
native, at least in the more northerly 
part of its range. 

10. Agrostis hiimilis Vasey. (Fig. 
469.) Culms low, tufted, mostly not 
more than 15 cm. tall; leaves mostly 
basal, the blades flat or folded, 
usually not more than 1 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, purple, 1 to 3 cm. 
long, the branches appressed to some- 
what spreading; spikelets about 2 


042 


Figure 469.—Agrostis humilis. Panicle, * 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


mm. long; lemma nearly as long as 
the glumes, awnless; palea about 
two-thirds as long as lemma. 2 
—Bogs and alpine meadows at high 
altitudes, Wyoming and Colorado to 
Washington, Oregon, and Nevada. 


SSSA 


— — 
SSS > 


=s 


72 
Z O SES. 
ET LELFEZ. 
— 2 = F 

——_— = === <= 
—S=— ———— 

SSE 

SSS 


Figure 470.—Agrostis rossae. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (V. H. Chase 5740, Yellowstone 
Natl. Park, Wyo.) 


11. Agrostis réssae Vasey. (Fig. 
470.) Annual, erect, leafy and branch- 
ing at base, 10 to 19 em. tall; sheaths 
rather loose; blades flat, 1 to 2.5 cm. 
long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle 3.5 
to 6 cm. long, usually contracted, the 
capillary scabrous purplish branches 
in relatively distant fascicles, nar- 
rowly ascending, naked at base; 
spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long; glumes 
acuminate; lemma.1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
long, minutely toothed, awnless; palea 
very minute. © —Alkali soil near 
hot springs, Upper Geyser Basin and 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


along Fire Hole River, Yellowstone 
Park, Wyo. 

12. Agrostis elliottiana Schult. 
(Fig. 471.) Annual; culms slender, 
erect or decumbent at base, 10 to 
40 cm. tall; blades flat, about 1 mm. 
wide; panicle finally diffuse, about 
half the entire height of the plant, 
the branches capillary, fascicled, the 
spikelets toward the ends of the 
branchlets, the whole panicle break- 
ing away at maturity; spikelets 1.5 
to 2 mm. long; glumes acute; lemma 


Ficure 471.—Agrostis elliottiana. Panicle, X 1; 


glumes and floret, X 5. (Johnson, Miss.) 


1 to 1.5 mm. long, minutely toothed, 
awned below the tip, the awn very 
slender, flexuous, delicately short- 
pilose, 5 to 10 mm. long, sometimes 
falling at maturity; palea wanting. 
©  —Fields, waste places, and open 
ground, Maryland to Kansas, south 
to Georgia and eastern Texas; intro- 
duced in Maine and Massachusetts; 
Yucatan. 


Figure 472.—Agrostis exigua. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


13. Agrostis exigua Thurb. (Fig. 
472.) Annual; culms delicate, 3 to 
10 cm. tall, branching from the base; 
blades 5 to 20 mm. long, subinvolute, 
scabrous; panicle half the length of 
the plant, finally open; glumes 1.5 
mm. long, scaberulous; lemma equal- 
ing the glumes, scaberulous toward 
the 2-toothed apex, bearing below 
the tip a delicate bent awn 4 times 
as long; palea wanting. © —Foot- 
hills and rocky plains, upper Sac- 
ramento Valley, and muddy pond 
border, Howell Mountain, Napa 
County, Calif. 


Figure 473.— Agrostis hendersonii. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and 2 views of floret, X 5. (Type.) 


14. Agrostis hendersonii Hitchce. 
(Fig. 473.) Annual; culms about 10 


343 


cm. tall; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; 
blades flat or loosely involute, 1 to 
3 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide; 
ligule delicate, about 2 mm. long; 
panicle condensed, about 2.5 cm. 
long, purplish; spikelets short-pedi- 


SN 
SAS 
SN SNE 


TS 


SN 
QS —_ 
SCN 

S\\ 


E> 
AVS 
\ 


— 
S\ 5 
NN g 
IN. 
Xi WINE / 
Ni fa 
S A, ; 


Figure 475.—Agrostis 
microphylla. Panicle, 
x 1: glumes and floret, 
xX 5. (Bolander 1512, 
Calif.) 


Figure 474.—Agrostis 
kennedyana. Panicle, 
x 1; glumes and floret, 
x 5. (Type collec- 
tion.) 


celed, 5 to 6 mm. long; glumes sub- 
equal, setaceous-tipped; lemma about 
3 mm. long, finely 2-toothed, the 
delicate awns of the teeth readily 
breaking off, awned from the middle, 
the awn about 1 cm. long, geniculate, 
the callus pubescent; palea obsolete. 
© —Wet ground, known only from 
Sams Valley, near Gold Hill, Jackson 
County, Oreg., and Shasta County, 
Calit.. : 

15. Agrostis kennedyana Beetle. 
(Fig. 474.) Annual; culms very slen- 
der, 15 to 23 cm. tall; ligule about 2 
mm. long; blades flat or loosely in- 
volute, 2 to 4 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. 
wide, or the basal blades slightly 


344 


, \ 


/ 


e 
aad 


——— 
= 


AI 
SS 


—~= 


Figure 476.—Agrostis aristigluma. Plant, X %; 
glumes and two views of floret, X 5. (Type.) 


longer; panicle spikelike, 2 to 5 cm. 
long, pale; spikelets short-pediceled ; 
glumes narrow, acuminate, the first 
3.5 to 4 mm., the second 3 to 3.2 
mm. long; lemma delicate, about 1.7 
mm. long, awned from about the 
middle, the delicate awn about 5 mm. 
long, geniculate, the lemma loosely 
pilose except at the 2-toothed sum- 
mit, the teeth bearing delicate awns 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


about 1 mm. long; palea obsolete. 
© —Known only from San Diego 
County, Calif. 

16. Agrostis microphylla Steud. 
(Fig. 475.) Annual; culms branching 
at base, slender, erect or ascending, 
8 to 40 cm. tall, commonly short and 
tall culms in the same tuft; blades 
2 to 15 cm. long, rarely longer, 1.5 
to 3 mm. wide, scabrous; panicle 
mostly 2 to 8 cm. long (exception- 
ally less or to 10 cm.), narrow, dense, 
often lobed; glumes subequal, 3 to 4.4 
mm. long, acuminate to awn-tipped; 
lemma 1.7.to 1.9 mm. long, minutely 
toothed, awned from about the 
middle, the awn geniculate, 3.5 to 6 
mm. long, rarely longer; palea want- 
ing. © —Moist open ground, Van- 
couver Island, Oregon, California, and 
Baja California. Variable, occasion- 
ally small and delicate; glumes 
rarely only 2 to 2.5 mm. long. A 
short, densely tufted form with 
rather thick panicle has been differ- 
entiated as A. inflata Scribn. The 
type, from Vancouver Island, is 
a young plant, the panicles partly 
included in the slightly inflated upper 
sheaths. A. MICROPHYLLA var. MAJOR 
Vasey is a taller form, 40 to 55 cm. 
tall, the pale panicles to 15 cm. long; 
glumes 2.5 to 3 mm. long; lemma 1.6 
to 1.7 mm. long. Only known from 
Humboldt Mountains, Nev. 

17. Agrostis aristiglimis Swallen. 
(Fig. 476.) Annual; culms sparingly 
branching at base, erect, 5 to 15 cm. 
tall; ligule 2 to 2.5 mm. long, de- 
current; blades flat, 2 to 15 cm. long, 
rarely longer, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide; 
panicle mostly 3 to 6 cm. long, 5 to 
8 mm. wide, dense; glumes 5 to 6 
mm. long, attenuate into an awn 1 
to 2 mm. long, the first glume 1- 
nerved, the second 3-nerved; lemma 
3.2 to 3.5 mm. long, relatively firm, 
scabrous, 5-nerved, awned from the 
back, the awn geniculate, 6 to 7 mm. 
long, the lateral nerves excurrent as 
delicate awns, the inner pair very 
minute; palea nearly one-third as 
long as the lemma, nerveless. © 
—Only known from a “‘slope of loose 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


gravelly soil on an outcrop of diato- 
maceous shale of the Monterey 
series,’ west of Mount Vision, Point 
Reyes Peninsula, Marin County, 
Calif. 

18. Agrostis hallii Vasey. (Fig. 
477.) Culms erect, 60 to 90 cm. tall, 
with creeping rhizomes; ligule usually 
conspicuous, 2 to 7 mm. long; blades 
flat, 2 to 5mm. wide; panicle 10 to 15 
em. long, narrow but loose, the 
branches verticillate; glumes about 
4 mm. long; lemma awnless, 3 mm. 
long, with a tuft of hairs at base about 
half as long; palea obsolete. 21 — 
Mostly in woods near the coast from 
Oregon to Santa Barbara, Calif. 
AGROSTIS HALLIT var. PRINGLEI 
(Secribn.) Hitche. Branching, foliage 
stramineous; blades narrow, usually 
involute; panicle narrow, compact. 
2| —Near the coast, in sand, Men- 
docino County, Calif. 


PV Ly 
Wa 


Figure 477.—Agrostis hallii. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Bioletti 110, Calif.) 


19. Agrostis lépida Hitche. (Fig. 
478.) Culms tufted, 30 to 40 cm. tall, 
erect, with numerous short rhizomes; 
ligule, at least on the innovations, as 
much as 4 mm. long; leaves mostly 
basal, the blades firm, erect, flat or 
folded, the upper culm leaf below the 
middle of the culm, the blade 3 cm. 
long or less; panicle purple, 10 to 15 
em. long, the branches verticillate, 


345 


Figure 478.—Agrostis lepida. Plant, X 1%; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


becoming divaricately spreading, the 
lowermost 2 to 5 cm. long; glumes 3 
mm. long, smooth or nearly so; lemma 
2 mm. long; palea obsolete. 2 — 
Meadows and open woods, Sequoia 
National Park and San Bernardino 
Mountains, Calif., at upper altitudes. 

20. Agrostis pallens Trin. DUNE 
BENT. (Fig. 479.) Culms erect, 20 to 
40 cm. tall, with creeping rhizomes; 
ligule rather firm, 2 to 3 mm. long; 
blades flat or somewhat involute, 1 to 
4 mm. wide; panicle contracted, al- 
most spikelike, 5 to 10 cm. long; 
glumes 2.5 to 3 mm. long; lemma a 
little shorter than the glumes, awn- 
less; palea obsolete. 2 —Sand 
dunes along the coast, Washington to 
central California. 


346 


x 


Wh 


WW) 
ti 


IN 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


a 


FicuRE 479.—Agrostis pallens. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 5. (Howell, Oreg.) 


FIGURE 480.—Agrostis diegoensis. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Orcutt, Calif.) 


21. Agrostis diegoénsis Vasey. 
Tuinerass. (Fig. 480.) Culms erect, 
as much as | m. tall with creeping 
rhizomes; blades flat, lax, 2 to 6 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, open, 10 to 15 
em. long, the branches ascending, 
rather stiff, some of them naked be- 
low; spikelets about as in A. pallens, 
awned or awnless. 2 —Meadows 
and open woods at low and medium 
altitudes, Montana and British Co- 
lumbia to southern California and 
Nevada. 


22. Agrostis blasdalei Hitche. (Fig. 
481.) Culms 10 to 15 cm. tall, densely 
tufted; blades narrow or filiform, 
rigid, involute, 2 to 4 cm. long; pan- 
icle strict, narrow, almost spikelike, 
2 to 3 cm. long, the short branches 
closely appressed; spikelets 2.5 to 3 
mm. long; lemma about 1.8 mm. long, 
awnless or with a very short awn just 
above the middle; palea about 0.3 
mm. long, nerveless. 2 —Cliffs 
and dunes, Mendocino and Marin 
Counties, Calif. Previously referred 
to A. breviculmis Hitche. of Peru. 


FicureE 481.— Agrostis blasdalei. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


23. Agrostis variabilis Rydb. 
MovunrTAIN BENT. (Fig. 482.) Culms 
10 to 25 cm. tall, densely tufted; 
blades flat, mostly not more than 1 
mm. wide; panicle, 2 to 6 cm. long, 
the branches ascending; spikelets pur- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES | 347 


ple, about 2.6 mm. long; lemma 1.5 
mm. long, awnless; palea minute. 2 
—Rocky creeks and mountain slopes 
at high altitudes; British Columbia 
and Alberta to Colorado and Calli- 
fornia. Included in A. rossae Vasey in 
Manual, ed. 1. 


Figure 482.—Agrostis varia- 
bilis. Panicle, & 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 
23178, Wyo.) 


= = = 
SSS eee 
RSENS 


ge 
ZZ 
ZS 
SS 


(ZY 
LFA 
Le 


ZE 


ee 
aS 
== 


LzaZA 
Z: 
ZSEES 
SESS 


a 
\ 


S 
SS 
Sy 
= 


aes 
—— 

Sw 
Zz 


Ficure 483.— Agrostis exarata. Panicle, X 1; glumes 


and floret, X 5. (Davy 4357, Calif.) 


24. Agrostis exarata Trin. Spike 
BENT. (Fig. 483.) Culms 20 to 120 


cm. tall, slender to relatively stout, 


mostly tufted; sheaths smooth to 


somewhat scabrous; ligule to 6 mm. 


long; blades flat, 2 to 10 mm. wide, 
usually scabrous; panicle narrow, 
from somewhat open to dense and in- 
terrupted, 5 to 30 cm. long; glumes 
subequal, 2.5 to 4 mm. long, acu- 
minate to awn-tipped, scabrous on 
the keel, nearly smooth to scabrous 
on the back; lemma 1.7 to 2 mm. long, 
the midnerve ending above the middle 
or excurrent as a prickle or short awn, 
sometimes the nearly straight awn ex- 
ceeding the glumes; palea minute. 
2 —Moist open ground, at low and 
medium altitudes, South Dakota and 
Nebraska to Alberta and Alaska, 
south to Texas, California, and Mex- 
ico. Common and extremely variable, 
ranging from slender plants with nar- 
row blades and few-flowered panicles 
(A. scoulert Trin.) to robust plants a 
meter or more tall, with dense pan- 
icles as much as 30 cm. long (A. 
grandis Trin.). The specimens in the 
Trinius Herbarium from Unalaska 
(type) and Sitka, with culms 25 to 60 
cm. tall and narrow but not dense 
panicles, the lemmas awnless, repre- 
sent about the center of the range of 
variation. Awnless and awned spike- 
lets are found in the same panicle. 

AGROSTIS EXARATA var. PACIFICA 
Vasey. Lemma with a straight or 
weakly geniculate awn exceeding the 
glumes; habit of the plant, height, and 
foliage as in the species, the variations 
similar. 21 —Frequent from Van- 
couver Island and Washington to 
California, rare elsewhere: Canada, 
the Aleutians, Nebraska, Idaho, Ari- 
zona. 

AGROSTIS EXARATA Var. MONOLEPIS 
(Torr.) Hitche. Panicle narrow, dense, 
often interrupted; glumes mostly 
awn-tipped; awn of lemma exceeding 
the glumes 1.5 to 2mm. 2 — 
Washington to California. 

25. Agrostis ampla Hitche. (Vig. 
484.) Resembling A. exarata var. 
pacifica, the panicle looser, the 
branches verticillate, some of them 5 
to 9 em. long, the spikelets less 
crowded at the base; glumes 3.5 to 
4.5 mm. (the first exceeding the sec- 
ond), acuminate to awn-tipped; lem- 


348 


ma about 2.5 mm. long, awned from 
about the middle, the awn twisted, 
geniculate; anthers 0.8 to 1.8 mm. 
long. 2 —Moist or wet places, 
Pacific slope, Oregon and California; 
infrequent. 


FiGuRE 484.—Agrostis 
ampla. Spikelet, and 
two views of floret, X 
5. (Type.) 


FiGurRE 485.—Agrostis 
californica. Panicle, X 
1; glumes and floret, X 
5. (Anderson, Calif.) 


26. Agrostis califo6rnica Trin. (Fig. 
485.) Culms tufted, usually rather 
stout, erect or somewhat spreading at 
base, 15 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths some- 
times slightly scabrous; ligule trun- 
cate, usually shorter than in A. ez- 
arata, puberulent; blades flat, firm, 
strongly nerved on the upper surface, 
usually not more than 10 em. long, 
those of the culm comparatively 
broad and short, often 3 to 5 em. long 
and 3 to 5 mm. wide, rarely as much 
as 10 mm. wide; panicle dense, spike- 
like, sometimes slightly interrupted, 
mostly 2 to 10 cm. long and 5 to 15 
mm. wide; spikelets about 3 mm. 
long; glumes acute or acuminate, 
prominently scabrous on the keel and 
strongly scabrous on the sides; lemma 
a little shorter than the glumes, awn- 
less or with a straight awn from mi- 
nute to somewhat exceeding the 
glumes; palea one-fourth to one-third 
aslongasthelemma. 2 (A. densi- 
flora Vasey.)—Sandy soil and cliffs 
near the sea, Mendocino County to 
Santa Cruz, Calif. This species has 
been confused with A. exarata and 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


with A. glomerata (Presl) Kunth of 
Peru. 

27. Agrostis hodveri Swallen. (Fig. 
486.) Culms densely tufted, very slen- 
der, erect, 55 to 75 cm. tall; ligule 3 
to 3.5 mm. long, lacerate, decurrent; 
blades lax, mostly 10 to 15 cm. long, 
not or scarcely more than 1 mm. 
wide; panicle 7 to 17 cm. long, loose, 
the branches ascending; spikelets 
shghtly purplish, 2 to 2.56 mm. long, 
the second glume slightly shorter than 
the first; lemma 2 mm. long, minutely 
erose, 5-nerved, scaberulous, bearing 
from near the base a bent awn 
slightly exceeding the glumes; palea 
obsolete. 2 —Dry, mostly sandy 
open woodland, San Luis Obispo and 
Santa Barbara Counties, Calif. 


FIcurE 486.—Agrostis hooveri. Panicle X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


28. Agrostis howéllii Scribn. (Fig. 
487.) Culms erect or decumbent at 
base, 40 to 60 em. tall; ligule 3 to 4 
mm. long, lacerate; blades lax, as 
much as 30 em. long, 3 to 5mm. wide; 
panicle loose and open, 10 to 30 cm. 
long, the branches flexuous; spikelets 
pale, clustered toward the ends of the 
branches; glumes acuminate, rather 
narrow and firm, somewhat scabrous 
on the keel, the first about 3.5 mm. 
long, the second a little shorter; lem- 
ma acute, 2.5 mm. long, 4-toothed, 
faintly 3- to 5-nerved, bearing from 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


FIGureE 487.—Agrostis howellii. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


near the base an exserted bent awn 
about 6 mm. long; palea obsolete. 
2} —Known only from Oregon 
ae and Hood River Coun- 
ties). 

29. Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B. 
S. P. (Fig. 488.) Culms mostly 30 to 
40 cm. tall, erect in small tufts, gla- 
brous; blades crowded toward the 
base in a dense cluster, 3 to 5 cm. 
long, less than 1 mm. wide, flat or 
subfiliform; panicles fragile, the slen- 
der filiform branches in rather distant 
whorls, widely spreading or drooping, 
unbranched below the middle, spike- 
let-bearing only at the ends of the 
branchlets; spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. 
long, clustered, short-pediceled, ap- 
pressed; glumes subequal, acute, sca- 
brous on the keels; lemma 1 to 1.2 
mm. long, the callus glabrous; anthers 
0.2 mm. long. 2  —Open ground, 
fields, and waste places, Massachu- 
setts to Florida, west to Wisconsin, 
Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. 

30. Agrostis scabra Willd. (Fig. 
489.) Culms 30 to 85 cm., rarely to 
100 cm., tall, erect in small dense 
tufts; sheaths shorter than the inter- 
nodes, glabrous; ligule hyaline, 2 to 5 
mm. long; blades flat, 8 to 20 cm. 
long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, scabrous, the 
basal ones often subfiliform; panicles 
15 to 25 cm. long, rarely longer, the 


brittle scabrous branches in rather 
distant verticils, ascending or spread- 
ing, sometimes drooping, branching 
above the middle; spikelets 2 to 2.7 
mm. long, loosely arranged at the 
ends of the branchlets; glumes un- 
equal, acuminate, scabrous on the 
keels; lemma 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long, dis- 
tinctly longer than the caryopsis, the 
callus sparsely pilose; anthers 0.4 to 
0:5 mm. long. 2  ##—Mountain 
meadows, fields, and open woods, 
Newfoundland and Alaska, south to 
Florida, Texas, and California; prob- 
ably introduced in the Southern 
States. (Included in A. hiemalis in 
Manual, ed. 1,) 

AGROSTIS SCABRA var. GEMINATA 
(Trin.) Swallen. Branches of panicle 
short and divaricate; lemma awned 
or awnless. The type specimen, from 
Alaska, is awned; a large number of 
specimens over a wide range agree in 
other respects, but are awnless. 2 
—At high latitudes and altitudes, 
Newfoundland to Alaska, south to 
New Hampshire, North Dakota, Col- 
orado, and California. 

31. Agrostis idahoénsis Nash. 
IpAHO REDTOP. (Fig. 490.) Culms 
slender, tufted, 10 to 30 cm. tall; 
leaves mostly basal, the blades nar- 


row; panicle loosely spreading, 5 to 


10 cm. long, the branches capillary, 


350 


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Le ee Dd 
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eC A RCA T SS 


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we AN 4 i 
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MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 488.—Agrostis hiemalis: Plant, X 14; glumes and floret, X 5. (Deam 6514, Ind.) 


flexuous, minutely scabrous; spike- 
lets 1.5 to 2.56 mm. long; lemma about 
1.3 mm. long, awnless; palea minute. 
2} Mountain meadows, at medi- 
um and high altitudes, western Mon- 
tana to Washington, south to New 
Mexico, Arizona, and the high moun- 
tains of California; Fairbanks, Alas- 
ka. Differs from <A. scabra in the 


smaller spikelets and in the narrower 
panicle with shorter flexuous branches. 

32. Agrostis perénnans (Walt.) 
Tuckerm. AUTUMN BENT. (Fig. 491, 
A.) Culms erect to somewhat decum- 
bent at base, varying from weak and 
lax to relatively stout, 30 to 100 cm. 
tall, often with lax leafy shoots at 
base; leaves rather numerous, the 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ddl 


Ficure 489.—Agrostis scabra. Panicle, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Barkley and Rose | 


1881, Mont.) 


blades from lax to stiffly upright, 
corresponding to the culms, 10 to 20 
cm. long, 1 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 
pale to tawny, open, oblong, the 
branches verticillate, mostly lax, as- 
cending, branching about the mid- 
dle; spikelets 2 to 3.2, mostly 2.2 
to 2.7 mm. long, the pedicels spread- 
ing, but the spikelets sometimes some- 
what aggregate towards the ends of 
the branchlets; glumes acute or acumi- 
nate, the first slightly longer; lemma 
1.5 to 2 mm. long, rarely awned (A. 
perennans forma chaetophora Fernald); 
palea obsolete or nearly so. 2 — 
Open ground, old fields, open woods, 
in rather dry soil from sea level to 
mountain tops, flowering in late 
summer or autumn, Quebec to Minne- 
sota, south to Florida and eastern 
Texas; Mexico. Extremely variable, 
in dry open ground erect and rather 
stout; in shady places weak, with lax 
pale panicle and divaricate branch- 


lets and spikelets 2 mm. long (A. 
perennans var. aestivalis Vasey). Inter- 
grades with the following, the inter- 
mediate specimens (A. scribneriana 
Nash) rather numerous in the East- 
ern States. 

33. Agrostis altissima (Walt.) 
Tuckerm. (Fig. 491, B.) Culms most- 
ly stouter than in the preceding, 
erect or ascending; panicle branches 
usually ascending, the spikelets more 
or less aggregate toward the ends; 
spikelets 2.8 to 3.7, mostly 2.7 to 
oo mm. long, 2 —Mostly in 
marshy ground, pine barren bogs, 
and wooded swamps, coastal plain, 
New Jersey and Maryland to Ala- 
bama and Mississippi. 

34. Agrostis oregonénsis Vasey. 
OREGON REDTOP. (Fig. 492.) Culms 
60 to 90 cm. tall; blades 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle oblong, 10 to 30 cm. 
long, open, the branches verticillate, 
rather stiff and ascending, numerous 


302 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


in the lower whorls, the longer 5 to 
10 cm. long, branching above the mid- 
dle; glumes 2.5 to 3 mm. long; lem- 
ma 1.5mm. long, awnless; palea about 
0.5mm. long. 2 —Marshes, bogs, 
and wet meadows, Montana to Brit- 
ish Columbia, south to Wyoming 
and California. 

35. Agrostis canina L. VELVET 
BENT. (Fig. 493.) Culms tufted, 30 
to 50 cm. tall; blades mostly short 
and narrow, those of the culm 3 to 
6 cm. long, usually not more than 2 
mm. wide; panicle loose and spread- 
ing, mostly 5 to 10 cm. long; glumes 
equal, acute, 2 mm. long, the Jower 
minutely scabrous on the keel; lem- 
ma a little shorter than the glumes, 
awhed about the middle, the awn 
exserted, bent; callus minutely hairy; 
palea minute. 2 —Meadows and 
open ground, Newfoundland to Que- 
bec, south to Delaware, West Vir- 
ginia, Tennessee, and Michigan; pos- 


FicgurRE 490.—Agrostis idahoensis. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Chase 5040, Idaho.) 


Fiaurp 491.—A, Agrostis perennans. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 5. (Millspaugh 53, W. Va.) B, A. 
altissima. Glumes and two views of floret, X 5. (A. Gray, N. J., in Trinius Herb.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 309 


sibly native northward but introduced 
in the United States; Europe. Some- 
times cultivated for putting greens. 


FigurE 492.—Agrostis oregonensis. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 23524, Oreg.) 


yi 


Figure 493.—Agrostis canina. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Commons 99, Del.) 


36. Agrostis borealis Hartm. (Fig. 
494.) Culms tufted, 20 to 40 ecm. 
tall, or, in alpine or high northern 
plants, dwarf; leaves mostly basal, 
the blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 3 
mm. wide; panicle pyramidal, 5 to 
15 cm. long, the lower branches 
whorled and spreading; glumes 2.5 
to 3 mm. long, acute; lemma a little 
shorter than the glumes, awned, the 
awn usually bent and exserted; palea 
obsolete or nearly so. 2 (A. bakeri 
Rydb., lemma with a straight awn 
or awnless.)—Rocky slopes and moist 
banks at high latitudes and altitudes, 


Ficure 494.—Agrostis borealis. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Faxon 99, N. H.) 


Newfoundland and Greenland to 
Alaska, south to the high mountains 
of New England and New York; West 
Virginia; summit of Roan Mountain, 
N. C.; Alberta and Washington to 
Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah; 
northern Europe. 


NOW 2 
\ AN "4 ‘a 


Ficure 495.—Agrostis longiligula. Panicle, 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


37. Agrostis longiligula Hitchce. 
(Fig. 495.) Culms erect, about 60 
em. tall; ligule 5 to 6 mm. long; 


blades 10 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. 
wide, scabrous; panicle narrow, but 


x 1; 


304 


loosely flowered, bronze purple, 10 to 
15 cm. long, the branches very sca- 
brous; glumes 4 mm. long; lemma 
2.5 mm. long, bearing at the middle 
a bent exserted awn; palea minute. 
21 —Bogs and marshes at low alti- 
tudes, Tillamook County, Oreg., to 
Marin County, Calif. 

AGROSTIS LONGILIGULA var. AUS- 
TRALIS J. T. Howell. Ligule 4 to 11 
mm. long; awn of lemma straight, 
about 1 mm. long or obsolete. 2 
—Wet places, Marin, Sonoma, and 
Mendocino Counties, Calif. 

AGROSTIS NEBULOSA Boiss. and Reut. 
CiouperaAss. Culms slender, branching, 
about 30 em. tall; foliage scant; panicle deli- 
cate, oblong, half as long as the plant, the 
branches in verticils; spikelets 1 mm. long. 
© (Sometimes called A. capillaris, not A. 
capillaris L.)—Cultivated for dry bouquets. 
Spain. 


72. PHIPPSIA (Trin.) R. Br. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes, not 
prolonged; glumes unequal, minute, 
the first sometimes wanting; lemma 
thin, somewhat keeled, 3-nerved, ab- 
ruptly acute; palea a little shorter 
than the lemma, dentate. Dwarf, 
tufted perennial, with narrow, few- 
flowered panicles of small spikelets. 
Type species, Phippsia algida. Named 
for C. J. Phipps. 

1. Phippsia algida (Phipps) R. Br. 
(Fig. 496.) Culms densely tufted, 2 
to 10 cm. tall; blades soft, narrow, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


with boat-shaped tip; lemma about 
15 mm. long. 2 —Summit of 
Grays Peak, Colo.; Arctic regions of 
both hemispheres. 


73. COLEANTHUS Seidel 


_ Spikelets 1-flowered; glumes want- 
ing; lemma ovate, hyaline, terminat- 
ing in a short awn; palea broad, 2- 
toothed, the keels awn-tipped. Dwarf 
annual, with short flat blades and 
small panicles. Type species, Cole- 
anthus subtilis. Name from Greek 
koleos, sheath, and anthos, flower, 
alluding to the sheaths enclosing the 
base of the panicles. 

1. Coleanthus  sibtilis (Tratt.) 
Seidel. (Fig. 497.) Culms spreading, 
forming little mats, mostly less than 
5 cm. long; panicle 5 to 10 mm. long, 
the short branches verticillate; lem- 
ma about 1 mm. long, the awn about 
equaling the dark caryopsis. © — 
Mud flats along the lower Columbia 
River, Oregon and Washington, well 
established but probably introduced; 
northern Eurasia. 


Mibé6ra minima (L.) Desv. Delicate 
annual, 3 to 10 cm. tall with short 
narrow blades and slender racemes 
of 6 to 8 appressed purple spikelets, 
2 mm. long, the glumes obtuse, the 
lemma and palea shorter, pubescent. 
© —Plymouth, Mass.; introduced 
from Europe. 


Figure 496.—Phippsia  algida. 
Plant, X %; glumes and floret, 
X 10. (Oldmixon, Alaska.) 


355 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 497.—Coleanthus subtilis. Plant, X 1; lemma and palea and two views of spikelet with ripe caryopsis, 
X 20. (Howell, Oreg.) 


74, CINNA L. WoopREED 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating below the glumes, the rachilla forming 
a stipe below the floret and produced behind the palea as a minute bristle; 
glumes equal or subequal, 1- to 3-nerved; lemma similar to the glumes, nearly 
as long, 3-nerved, bearing a minute, short, straight awn just below the apex 
(rarely awnless); palea 1-keeled. Tall perennials with flat blades and close or 
open panicles. Type species, Cinna arundinacea. Cinna (kinna) an old Greek 
name for a grass. 

Our two species furnish highly palatable forage but usually are not abun- 
dant enough to be of much importance. 


Spikelets 5 mm. long; panicle rather dense, the branches ascending... 1. CC. ARUNDINACEA. 


Spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long; panicle loose, the branches spreading or drooping. 


1. Cinna arundinacea L. Srour 
WOODREED. (Fig. 498.) Culms erect, 
usually 1 to 1.5 m. tall, often some- 
what bulbous at base, solitary or few 
in a tuft; sheaths glabrous; ligule 
rather prominent, thin; blades flat, 
scabrous, mostly less than 1 cm. wide; 
panicle many-flowered, nodding, gray- 
ish, 15 to 80 cm. long, the branches 
ascending; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long; 
glumes somewhat unequal, acute, the 
second 3-nerved; lemma usually a 
little longer than the first glume, 
bearing below the tip a minute 
straight awn; palea apparently 1- 
nerved. 2 Moist woods, Maine 
to South Dakota, south to Georgia 
and eastern Texas. CINNA ARUNDI- 
NACEA var. INEXPANSA Fern. and 
Grisc. Panicle narrower, the shorter 
branches ascending; spikelets 3.7 to 
4.2 mm. long. 2 —Margin of 
swamps and moist woods, southeast 
Virginia. 

2. Cinna latif6lia (Trevir.) Griseb. 
DROOPING WooDREED. (Fig. 499.) 


C. LATIFOLIA. 


-Resembling C. arundinacea; blades 


shorter and on the average wider, as 
much as 1.5 cm. wide; panicle green, 
looser, the branches fewer, spreading 
or drooping, naked at base for as 
much as 5 cm.; spikelets about 4 
mm. long; awn of lemma sometimes 
as much as 1 mm. long (rarely want- 
ing); palea 2-nerved, the nerves very 
close together. 2 —Moist woods, 
Newfoundland and Labrador to Alas- 
ka, south to Connecticut, in the 
mountains to North Carolina and 
Tennessee, to Michigan, Illinois, 
South Dakota, in the Rocky Moun- 
tains to northern New Mexico, to 
Utah and central California; northern. 
Eurasia. 


75. LIMNODEA L. H. Dewey 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulat- 
ing below the glumes, the rachilla 
prolonged behind the palea as a short 
slender bristle; glumes equal, firm; 
lemma membranaceous, smooth, 


356 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ye 
s— U2. l 
| | 


ZY NS oo 


FiaureE 498.—Cinna arundinacea. Plant, X 44; glumes and floret, X 10. (Dewey 336, Va.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 307 


Figure 499.—Cinna latifolia. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Sandberg 713, Minn.) 


nerveless, 2-toothed at the apex, bear- 
ing from between the teeth a slender 
bent awn, twisted at base; palea a 
little shorter than the lemma. Slender 
annual with flat blades and narrow 
panicles. Type species, Limnodea ar- 
kansana. Name altered from Limnas, Figure 500.—Limnodea arkansana. Plant, X 4; 
a genus of grasses. glumes and floret, X 10. (Orcutt 5910, Tex.) 


308 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 

1. Limnodea arkansana_ (Nutt.) 
L. H. Dewey. (Fig. 500.) Culms 
branching at base, 20 to 40 cm. tall; 
blades more or less pubescent on both 


pilose; awn 8 to 10 mm. long. 2 
—Dry soil, prairies and river banks, 
Coastal Plain, Florida to Texas, Ar- 
kansas, and Oklahoma. The form 
surfaces; panicle 5 to 15 cm. long, with pilose glumes has been called 
narrow but loose; spikelets 3.5 to 4 L. arkansana var. pilosa (Trin.) 
mm. long; glumes hispidulous or Scribn. 


76. ALOPECURUS L. Foxtam 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating below the glumes, strongly com- 
pressed laterally; glumes equal, usually united at base, ciliate on the keel; 
lemma about as long as the glumes, 5-nerved, obtuse, the margins united at 
base, bearing from below the middle a slender dorsal awn, this included or 
exserted two or three times the length of the spikelet; palea wanting. Low or 
moderately tall perennials or some annuals, with flat blades and soft, dense, 
spikelike panicles. Type species, Alopecurus pratensis. Name from Greek 
alopex, fox, and oura, tail, alluding to the cylindric panicle. 

The species of Alopecurus are all palatable and nutritious forage grasses, 
but usually are not found in sufficient abundance to be of great importance. 
A. pratensis, meadow foxtail, is sometimes used as a meadow grass in the 
eastern United States; A. aequalis is the most common on the western ranges. 


Spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long. Introduced perennials. 
Panicle slender, tapering at each end; glumes scabrous on the keel. 


1. A. MYOSUROIDES. 


Panicle cylindric, dense; glumes conspicuously ciliate on the keel___.... 2. A. PRATENSIS. 
Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long (rarely 5 mm. in A. saccatus, annual). Native species. 


Plants perennial. 


Spikelets densely woolly all over; panicle oblong, 1 to 5 em. long, about 1 em. thick. 


A. ALPINUS. 


Spikelets not woolly; panicle linear or oblong-linear, less than 1 em. thick. 


Awn scarcely exceeding the glumes...... 


Awn exserted 2 mm. or more. 


5, AS AEQUALIS: 


Awn exserted 2 to 3 mm.; panicle 3 to 4 mm. thick; spikelets 2.5 mm. long. 


A. GENICULATUS. 


Awn exserted 3 to 5 mm.; panicle 4 to 6 mm. thick; spikelets about 3 mm. long. 


Plants annual. 


4. A. PALLESCENS. 


Spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long; panicle relatively loose.......................------- 9. A. SACCATUS. 
Spikelets 2 to 3.5 mm. long; panicle dense. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.56 mm. long; anthers 0.5 mm. long.............. 7. A. CAROLINIANUS. 
Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long; anthers about 1 mm. long......_........... 8. A. HOWELLII. 


1. Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. 
(Fig. 501.) Annual; culms tufted, 
slightly scabrous, 10 to 50 em. tall, 
erect or decumbent at base; blades 
usually 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 
slender, somewhat tapering at each 
end, 4 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide; glumes 6 mm. long, pointed, 
whitish with 3 green nerves, glabrous, 
scabrous on the keel, short-ciliate at 
base; lemma about as long as the 
glumes, the awn bent, exserted 5 to 
8mm. © (A. agrestis L.)—Fields, 
waste places, and ballast ground, 
Maine to North Carolina, Kansas, 


Texas, Washington, to California; in- 
troduced, rare; Eurasia. 

2. Alopecurus praténsis L. Mrap- 
OW FOXTAIL. (Fig. 502.) Perennial; 
culms erect, 30 to 80 cm. tall; blades 
2 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 3 to 7 cm. 
long, 7 to 10 mm. thick; glumes 5 mm. 
long, villous on the keel and pubes- 
cent on the sides; awn exserted 2 to 5 
mm. 2 Fields and waste places, 
Newfoundland and Labrador to 
Alaska, south to Delaware and Mis- 
sourl; Montana, Idaho, and Oregon. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Introduced; Eurasia. Occasionally 
cultivated as a meadow grass. 

3. Alopecurus alpinus J. E. Smith. 
ALPINE FOXTAIL. (Fig. 503.) Peren- 
nial; culms erect or often decumbent 
at base, rather stiff and rushlike, 10 
to 80 cm. tall, with slender rhizomes; 
sheaths glabrous, often inflated; 
blades 3 to 5 mm. wide; panicle ovoid 
or oblong, 1 to 4 cm. long, about 1 cm. 
wide, woolly; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long, 
woolly; lemma awned near the base, 
the awn exserted slightly or as much 
asoOmm. 2 —Mountain meadows 
and along brooks, Greenland to 
Alaska, south in the Rocky Moun- 
tains to Colorado and Utah; Arctic 
regions and northern Eurasia. 

4, Alopecurus palléscens Piper. 
WASHINGTON FOXTAIL. (Fig. 504.) 
Perennial, tufted, pale green; culms 
30 to 50 cm. tall, erect, or lower nodes 
geniculate; sheaths somewhat in- 
flated; panicle pale, dense, 2 to 7 cm. 
long, 4 to 6 mm. thick; glumes about 
3 mm. long, ciliate on the keel, ap- 
pressed-pubescent on the sides; lem- 
ma awned near the base, the awn ex- 
serted 3 to 5 mm.; anthers about 2 
mm. long. 2 —EKdges of ponds 
and wet places, British Columbia and 
Montana to Washington and north- 
ern California. 

5. Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 
SHORT-AWN FOXTAIL. (Fig. 505.) Per- 
ennial; culms erect or spreading, usu- 
ally not rooting at the nodes, 15 to 60 
em. tall; blades 1 to 4 mm. wide; pan- 
icle slender, 2 to 7 cm. long, about 4 
mm. thick; spikelets 2mm. long; awn 
of lemma scarcely exserted; anthers 
about 0.6 mm. long. 2 (A. aris- 
tulatus Michx.)—In water and wet 
places, Greenland to Alaska, south to 
Pennsylvania, Illinois, Kansas, New 
Mexico, and California; Eurasia. 

6. Alopecurus’ geniculatus _L. 
WaTER FOXTAIL. (Fig. 506.) Differing 
from A. aequalis chiefly in the usually 
more decumbent culms rooting at the 
nodes and the longer awn exserted 2 
to 3 mm., giving the panicle a softly 
bristly appearance; spikelets about 
2.5 mm. long, the tip dark purple; 


359 


Fieure 501.—Alopecurus myosuroides. Glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Commons, 14, Del.) 


awn of lemma about as long again as 
the spikelet; anthers about 1.5 mm. 
long. 2 —In water and wet places, 
Newfoundland to Saskatchewan and. 
British Columbia; Maine to Virginia; 
Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin; 
Kansas and Wyoming to Utah; Mon- 
tana; Washington to California and 
Arizona; Eurasia. 

7. Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. 
(Fig. 507.) Annual; culms tufted, 
much branched at base, 10 to 50 cm. 
tall; similar to A. geniculatus and A. 
aequalis, but panicle more slender 
than in the former; spikelets 2 to 2.5 
mm. long, pale, the awn as in A. 
geniculatus; anthers about 0.5 mm. 
long. © (A. ramosus Poir.)—Moist 
open ground, old fields, and wet 
places, British Columbia; Long Is- 
land, N. Y., to Florida, Washington, 
and California, except West Virginia, 
Nevada, and New Mexico. 


360 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. 


Figure 502.—Alopecurus pratensis. Plant, X %; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Henderson, Oreg.) 


OF AGRICULTURE 


——S— 


a 


AW 
VIR 7 
ey 
V | Vy if 
lug 
UZ 
LW Z 


< —< == 
—— 
a 


8. Alopecurus howéllii Vasey. (Fig. 
508.) Annual; culms 15 to 30 cm. tall, 
commonly geniculate at lower nodes; 

-sheaths, especially the uppermost, 
more or less inflated; panicle oblong 
to linear, 2 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 7 mm. 
wide; glumes 3 to 3.5 mm. long, ciliate 
on the keel, appressed-pilose on the 
lateral nerves; awn attached less than 
1 mm. from the base of lemma, bent, 
exserted 3 to 5 mm.; anthers orange, 
about 1 mm. long. ©  —Wet 
places, Oregon and California. This 
species and the following are closely 
related and may not be distinct. Both 
have dwarf specimens with small pan- 
icles short-exserted or partly included 
in the inflated upper sheath. 

9. Alopecurus’ saccatus Vasey. 
(Fig. 509.) On the average somewhat 
lower than A. howellii, the upper 
sheaths inflated, the panicle 2 to 4 
cm. long, rather less dense, short ex- 
serted or partly included; spikelets 4 
to 5 mm. long, the awn exserted 5 to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


8 mm.; anthers 1 mm. long. © 
Wet places, along the Columbia 
River, Washington and Oregon; Cali- 
fornia (Colusa County). 

Alopecurus créticus Trin. Annual, 
10 to 40 cm. tall; panicle dense; spike- 
lets wedge-shaped, 4 mm. long; 
glumes firm, the keels broadly winged 
toward the summit, ciliate; lemma 
truncate, the awn from near the base. 
Waif, ballast, Philadelphia, Pa.; Eu- 
rope. 

Alopecurus réndlei Eig. Annual; 
culms 15 to 30 cm. tall, geniculate; 


Figure 503.—Alopecurus alpinus. Panicle, X 1; 
ae and floret, X 10. (Hall and Harbour 682, 
olo. 


ee Zs 


Y 

7 KiguRE 6504. — Alope- 
curus pallescens. Pan- 
icle, X 1; glumes and 
floret, xX 10. (Piper 
4208, Wash.) 


= 


SS 
WS 


361 


RN 


= 
SS 


SSN 
SSS 
> 


So 
SS 


SS 


GB 


<= == 
VRS 


Lit 
LAG ERE 


Figure 505.—Alopecurus aequalis. Panicle, 


Xl: 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Fernald, Maine.) 


Ss 


Fiaure 506.—Alopecurus geniculatus. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Weatherby 3394, Mass.) 


‘upper sheaths inflated; panicle 1.5 to 


2 cm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide; spikelets 
5 to 6 mm. long, almost diamond- 
shaped, the glumes inflated-gibbous 


362 


ba 
ST 


Lohan ep ee = 
AS ONE SE Ns 


~ 


LZ 


<2 
Sy 
an 


WSL 


Fieure 507.—Alopecurus carolini- 
anus. Plant, X 1; glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Kearney 1147, Va.) 


FicurRE 508.— Alopecurus 
howellii. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. 
(Gilbert 78, Oreg.) 


———SSSSs 
SSS 
S 


— 
SSSA 


“NS Ss 


oe 


and indurate on the back about the 
middle; awn 5 to 10 mm. long. © 
—Waif, ballast, old Navy Yard, Phil- 
adelphia, Pa.; Europe. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 509.—Alopecurus saccatus. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Suksdorf 188, Wash.) 


Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. Tall 
rhizomatous perennial; blades 3 to 10 
mm. wide; panicle 4 to 10 cm. long, 
7 to 8 mm. thick, often purplish; 
spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long; glumes 
sparsely pubescent, long-ciliate on 
the keel; lemma about equaling the 
glumes, the awn included or exserted 
lto3mm. 2 W—Adventive in hay 
meadows, Labrador; North Dakota; 
Eurasia. 


77. POLYPOGON Desf. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the pedicel disarticulating a short distance below the 
glumes, leaving a short-pointed callus attached; glumes equal, entire or 
2-lobed, awned from the tip or from between the lobes, the awn slender, 
straight; lemma much shorter than the glumes, hyaline, usually bearing a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 363 


slender straight awn shorter than the awns of the glumes. Usually decumbent 
annuals or perennials with flat scabrous blades and dense, bristly, spikelike 
panicles. Type species, Polypogon monspeliensis. Name from Greek polus, 


much, and pogon, beard, alluding to the bristly inflorescence. 
_One species, P. monspeliensis, is palatable to stock and is sometimes suffi- 
ciently abundant on low meadows to be of importance in the West. 


Plants annual. 


Glumes slightly lobed, the lobes not ciliate 


3 eh oe a, Re 1. P. MONSPELIENSIS. 


Glumes prominently lobed, the lobes ciliate-fringed...........................--- . 2. P. MARITIMUS. 


Plants perennial. 


Glumes gradually narrowed into the awn... 


Glumes abruptly rounded at summit. 


Awns rather stiff and straight; glumes 2.5 to 3 mm. fone 
Awns delicate, flexuous; glumes 1.5 to 2 mm. long... nae 


1. Polypogon monspeliénsis (L.) 
Desf. Rappirroot Grass. (Fig. 510.) 
Annual; culms erect or decumbent at 
base, 15 to 50 cm. tall (sometimes de- 
pauperate or as much as 1 m. tall); 
ligule 5 to 6 mm. long; blades in aver- 
age plants 4 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 
dense, spikelike, 2 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 
2 cm. wide, tawny yellow when ma- 
ture; glumes hispidulous, about 2mm. 
long, the awns 6 to 8 mm. long, rarely 
longer; lemma smooth and shining, 
about half as long as the glumes, the 
delicate awn slightly exceeding them. 
© -—Ballast and waste places, New 
Brunswick to Georgia, Oklahoma, 
and Texas, west to Alaska and Cali- 
fornia, infrequent in the Kast, mostly 
confined to the coastal States, a com- 
mon weed in the Western States; at 
low altitudes, south to Argentina; in- 
troduced from Europe. 

2. Polypogon maritimus Willd. 
(Fig. 511.) Annual; culms 20 to 30 
cm. tall, upright or spreading; ligule 
as much as 6 mm. long; blades usu- 
ally less than 5 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle mostly smaller and less 
dense than in P. monspeliensis; 
glumes about 2.5 mm. long, hispid- 
ulous below, the deep lobes ciliate- 
fringed, the awns 7 to 10 mm. long; 
lemma awnless. © -—Introduced, 
Georgia (Tybee Island); Nebraska, 
California (Napa and New York 
Falls, Amador County); Mediterra- 
nean region. 

3. Polypogon interraptus H. B. K. 
Dircu potypocon. (Fig. 512.) Peren- 
nial; culms tufted, geniculate at base, 
30 to 80 cm. tall: ligule 2 to 5 mm. 


ile hi EDR EO gene RP 5. P. ELONGATUS. 


_ 3. P. INTERRUPTUS. 
... 4, P. AUSTRALIS. 


long or the uppermost longer; blades 
commonly 4 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 
oblong, 5 to 15 cm. long, more or less 
interrupted or lobed; glumes equal, 
2.5 to 3 mm. long, scabrous, the awns 
3 to 5 mm. long; lemma smooth and 
shining, 1 mm. long, minutely toothed 
at the truncate apex, the awn exceed- 
ing the glumes. 2 (P. lutosus of 
Manual, ed. 1, a doubtful species of 
Europe.)—Ditches and wet places at 
low altitudes, British Columbia to 
California, east to Louisiana; Ne- 
braska; Oklahoma; south to Argen- 
tina. 

4. Polypogon australis Brongn. 
(Fig. 513.) Perennial; culms as much 
as 1 m. tall; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long, 
fragile; blades commonly 5 to 7 mm. 
wide; panicle soft, lobed or inter- 
rupted, mostly 8 to 15 cm. long, the 
numerous awns purplish; glumes 1.5 
to 2 mm. long, hispidulous, the awn 
flexuous, delicate, 4 to 6 mm. long; 
lemma about two-thirds as long as 
the glumes, the awn about 3 mm. 
long. 2 (P. crinitus Trin., not 
Nutt.)—Introduced at Bingen, 
Wash.; Chile and Argentina. 

5. Polypogon elongatus H. B. K. 
(Fig. 514.) Perennial; culms rather 
coarse, as much as | m. tall, erect or 
decumbent at base; sheaths glabrous; 
ligule prominent, as much as 8 mm. 
long, lacerate, decurrent; blades 10 to 
20 cm. long, 6 to 8 mm. or as much 
as 10 mm. wide, very scabrous; pan- 
icle erect or nodding, loose, inter- 
rupted, 15 to 30 cm. long, the branches 
clustered, densely flowered to the 
base; glumes about 3 mm. long, 


364 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


GU ELL S 
So 


L Yip 
Sp: 


ne 


A ab 

y 
Yi Hee, y Mgt 7 ss 
SVE Mi VS 
So Pe cement 


ttl hhh: 
\VZ / “ae 


ABE Ve AUN NS S = 


a 


Fiaure 510.—Polypogon monspeliensis. Plant, X 14; glumes and floret, X 10. (Chase 5584, Calif.) 


hispidulous, gradually narrowed to mam. long, the awn 1 to 2 mm. long. 
an awn 2 to 3 mm. long; lemma 1.5 2 —Wet places, along streams and 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ditches, Arizona (Santa Rita Moun- 
tains); Mexico to Argentina. 


78. LYCURUS. H. B. K. 


Spikelets 1-flowered ; glumes awned, 
the first usually 2-awned; lemma 
narrow, firm, longer than the glumes, 
tapering into a slender awn. Slender 
perennial, with grayish, bristly spike- 
like panicles, the spikelets borne in 


Figure 511.—Polypogon maritimus, X 10. (Hansen 
607, Calif.) 


YY 
By 
Hie 


<Ziy. 
=z 
Sz 


SSS 


Z <<< 
y, oe 
“ae 
Z = 


Figure 512.—Polypogon interruptus. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 2686, Calif.) 


365 


Figure 513.—Polypogon australis, * 10. (Suksdorf 
10091, Wash.) 


Figure 514.—Polypogon elongatus. Glumes and floret, 
X 10. (Silveus 3488, Ariz.) 


pairs, the lower of the pair sterile, 
the two falling together. Type species, 
Lycurus phleoides. Name for Greek 
lukos, wolf, and oura, tail, alluding 
to the spikelike panicles. 

1. Lycurus phleoides H. B. K. 
Wotrtalt. (Fig. 515.) Culms densely 
tufted, 20 to 60 cm. tall, compressed, 
erect or decumbent at base; blades 
flat or folded, 1 to 2 mm. wide, those 
of the culm mostly less than 10 cm. 
long; panicle 3 to 6 cm. long, about 
5 mm. thick; spikelets including awns 
about 5 mm. long, the glumes shorter 
than the lemma, the first 2- or 3- 


366 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


i 
, 
! 


FI 
+2, 


i 
My 


o 
“ 


i 
4 


Figure 515.—Lycurus phleoides. Plant, Figure 516.—Phleum pratense. Plant, X 144;glumes | 
x 4; glumes and floret, X 10. (Ryd- and floret, X 10. (Mearns 2209, Wyo.) 


berg 2363, Colo.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


awned, the second usually 1-awned, 
the awns slightly spreading; lemma 
3-nerved, pubescent on the margins, 
the awn 2 to 3 mm. long; palea about 


367 


—Plains and rocky hills, Colorado 
and Utah to Texas and Arizona, 
south to southern Mexico. Adventive 
in wool waste, Maine. An important 


as long as the lemma, pubescent. 2 southwestern forage grass. 


79. PHLEUM L. Timotuy 


Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally compressed, disarticulating above the 
glumes; glumes equal, membranaceous, keeled, abruptly mucronate or awned 
or gradually acute; lemma shorter than the glumes, hyaline, broadly truncate, 
3- to 5-nerved; palea narrow, nearly as long as the lemma. Annuals or peren- 
nials, with erect culms, flat blades, and dense, cylindric panicles. Type species, 
Phleum pratense. Name from Greek phleos, an old name for a marsh reed. 

The common species, P. pratense, or timothy, is our most important hay 
grass. It is cultivated in the humid regions, the Northeastern States, south to 
the Cotton Belt, and west to the 100th meridian, and also in the humid region 
of Puget Sound and in mountain districts. The native species, P. alpinum, 
alpine timothy, furnishes forage in mountain meadows of the Western States. 


Panicle cylindric, several times longer than wide....................---.---------------- 1 


P. PRATENSE. 


Panicle ovoid or oblong, usually not more than twice as long as wide........ 2, P. ALPINUM. 


1. Phleum praténse L. Timortuy. 
(Fig. 516.) Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, 
from a swollen or bulblike base, 
forming large clumps; blades elon- 
gate, mostly 5 to 8 mm. wide; panicle 
cylindric, commonly 5 to 10 em. long, 
often longer, the spikelets crowded, 
spreading; glumes about 3.5 mm. long, 
truncate with a stout awn 1 mm. long, 
pectinate-ciliate on the keel. 2 — 
Commonly escaped from cultivation 
along roadsides and in fields and 
waste places throughout the United 
States; Eurasia. In some localities 
known as herd’s grass. 

2. Phleum alpinum L. ALPINE 
TIMOTHY. (Fig. 517.) Culms 20 to 50 
cm. tall, from a decumbent, some- 
what creeping, densely tufted base; 
blades mostly less than 10 cm. long, 
4 to 6 mm. wide; panicle ellipsoid or 
short-cylindric, bristly; glumes about 
5 mm. long, hispid-ciliate on the keel, 
the awns 2 mm. long. 2 —Com- 
mon in mountain meadows, in bogs 
and wet places, Greenland to Alaska, 
south in the mountains of Maine and 
New Hampshire; northern Michigan; 
in the mountains of the Western 
States to New Mexico and California; 
also on the seacoast at Fort Bragg, 
Calif., and northward; Mexico; Eur- 


Figure 517.—Phleum alpinum. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and fioret, X 10. (Clements 337, Colo.) 

asia and Arctic and alpine regions of 

the Southern Hemisphere. 

Phleum arenarium L. Annual; 
culms tufted, 5 to 30 cm. tall; foliage 
scant, mostly basal, the blades 2 to 
4 em. long; panicle 1 to 3 cm. long, 
somewhat tapering at each end; 
glumes acuminate, strongly ciliate on 


368 


UP 
i] 
WW 
WY 
i 7 
WHR 
12 
\ » Wii 
WY), WB 
/ WZ 
WW iy 
WH WZ 
ae SE c 
Hs WE 
~“Y Wig ey 
~ ie 4 Se 
QU WA. 
\ WA R\ iG 
"NY D y Wp 3 
Rin Za Wi; 
\\ Oe SMuTZ 
IN ‘ie Ni Y ye 
NE NY 
NS) ie Ne 
\ x Mg cs ij 


Figure 518.—Gastridiwm ventricosum. Plant, X %; 
eames and floret, X 10. (Davy and Blasdale 5340, 
alif. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


the keel. © —Ballast near Port- 
land, Oreg.; coast of Europe and 
North Africa. 

Phleum subulatum (Savi) Aschers. 
and Graebn. Annual; culms 10 to 20 
em. tall; blades 2 to 5 cm. long; 
panicle linear-oblong, mostly 3 to 8 
em. long, 4 to 5 mm. thick; glumes 
2 mm. long, scaberulous, subacute, 
the tips approaching. © -—-Ballast, 
Philadelphia, Pa., and near Portland, 
Oreg.; Mediterranean region. 

Phleum paniculatum Huds. Annual; 
culms 10 to 30 em. tall; foliage sca- 
brous; panicle cylindric, 2 to 5 cm. 
long, 3 to 6 mm. thick; glumes 2 mm. 
long, glabrous, hard, widened up- 
ward to a truncate swollen summit, 
with a hard awn-point at the tip. 
© —Ballast near Portland, Oreg.; 
Mediterranean region. 


80. GASTRIDIUM Beauv. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes, pro- 
longed behind the palea as a minute 
bristle; glumes narrow, unequal, some- 
what swollen at the base; lemma 
much shorter than the glumes, hya- 
line, broad, truncate, awned or awn- 
less; palea about as long as the 
lemma. Annual with flat blades and 
pale, shining, spikelike panicles. Type 
species, Milium lendigerum L. (G. 
ventricosum). Name from Greek gas- 
tridion, a small pouch, alluding to the 
shghtly saccate glumes. 

1. Gastridium ventric6sum (Gouan) 
Schinz and Thell. Nirarass. (Fig. 
518.) Culms 20 to 40 em. tall; foliage 
scant, blades scabrous; panicle 5 to 
8 cm. long, dense, spikelike; spikelets 
slender, about 5 mm. long; glumes 
tapering into a long point, the second 
about one-fourth shorter than the 
first; floret minute, plump, pubescent, 
the delicate awn 5 mm. long, some- 
what geniculate. © —Open ground 
and waste places, Oregon to Cali- 
fornia; Texas; also Boston, Mass.; 
introduced from Europe. A common 
weed on the Pacific coast, of no 
economic value. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 369 


81. LAGURUS L. lagos, hare, and oura, tail, alluding 
Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla to the woolly heads. 
disarticulating above the glumes, 1. Lagurus ovatus L. (Fig. 519.) 


pilose under the floret, produced Culms branching at the base, 10 to 


beyond the palea as a bristle; glumes 30 em. tall, slender, pubescent ;sheaths 
Bebeaual, thin, l-nerved, villous, and blades pubescent, the sheaths 


gradually tapering into a plumose somewhat inflated, the blades flat, 
awn-point; lemma shorter than the /ax; panicle 2 to 3 cm. long, nearly 
elumes, thin, glabrous, bearing on 48 thick, pale and downy, bristling 
the back above the middle a slender, With dark awns; glumes very narrow, 
exserted, somewhat geniculate, awn, 10mm. lorg, the awns of the lemmas 
the summit bifid, the divisions deli- much exceeding them. © —Culti- 
cately awn-tipped ; palea, narrow, vated for ornament and sparingly 
thin, the two keels ending in minute escaped; New Jersey; Pacific Grove, 
awns. Annual, with pale, dense, ovoid San Francisco, and Berkeley, Calif. ; 
or oblong woolly heads. Type species, ballast, Beaufort, N. C.; Mediterra- 
Lagurus ovatus. Name from Greek ean region. 


82. MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. MuuHty 


Spikelets 1-flowered (occasionally 2-flowered), the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes; glumes usually shorter than the lemma, sometimes as long, 
obtuse to acuminate or awned, keeled or convex on the back, the first some- 
times small, rarely obsolete; lemma firm-membranaceous, 3-nerved (the nerves 
sometimes obscure or rarely an obscure additional pair), with a very short 
callus, rarely long-pilose, usually minutely pilose, the apex acute, awned from 
the tip or just below it, or from between very short lobes, sometimes only 
mucronate, the awn straight or flexuous. Perennial, or rarely annual, low or 
moderately tall or rarely robust grasses, tufted or rhizomatous, the culms 
simple or much-branched, the inflorescence a narrow (sometimes spikelike) 
or open panicle. Type species, Muhlenbergia schrebert. Named for G. H. E. 
Muhlenberg. 

Many of the western species are important range grasses, forming a con- 
siderable proportion of the grass flora of the arid and semiarid regions, and 
long ago dubbed ‘‘muhly”’ by forest rangers. The most important of these are 
M. montana on mesas and rocky hills of the Western States, M. pauczflora, 
M. emersleyi, and M. wrightii in the Southwest. 


la. Plants annual. 
2a. Lemma awned. 
Awn of lemma 0.5 to 3 mm. long; glumes acuminate, hirsute. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.8 mm. long; relatively long pediceled and spreading along the 


OamiClegonaMchesss Act eeer eee ee eel a) 5. M. TExXANa. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long; short pediceled and mostly appressed along the panicle 
lorretta Claes ieiee ene nce tik Ce So eh et UN ee 6. M. ELUDENS. 

Awn of lemma more than 5 mm. long. 
Second glume 3-nerved and often 3-toothed..........--..-.---.---------- 9. M. PULCHERRIMA. 


Second glume 1-nerved (rarely 2-nerved). 
First glume 2-nerved and usually bidentate. 
Glumes equal to or slightly longer than the floret; lemma about 3 mm. long; 
awilececOw Ormm Wong. kok ls 11. M. DEPAUPERATA. 
Glumes shorter than the floret, sometimes minute, but usually about half as 
long as the lemma; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long; awn 10 to 20 mm. long. 
12. M. BREVIS. 
First glume 1-nerved (rarely 2-nerved), entire or erose, but not bidentate. 
Glumes acuminate or aristate. Lateral nerves of lemma often ciliate. 
10. M. PECTINATA, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


370 


o, : Wy) 
SEA ier 

NN 

—— ss 


= = Sa 


14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Heller 5340, Calif.) 


Figure 519.—Lagurus ovatus. Plant, X 


Glumes obtuse. 


g 4 
% 
ee 
Et be 
oye IS 
=e 
Oo gei 
lol 
aga 
SOY 
A 6 0 
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rio 
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x 


Panicle open, the branches spreading; lemma 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long. 


Panicle very narrow, the branches appressed 
2b, Lemma awnless (see also M. terana). Culms branching and panicle-bearing at base. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 371 


Pedicels capillary, elongate. 


Panicles very diffuse; pedicels straight; glumes glabrous............ 3. M. FRAGILIS. 
Panicles open but scarcely diffuse; glumes pilose. 
Pedicels sinuous and tangled; glumes long-pilose.._........ 4. M. SINUOSA. 


Pedicels straight or subflexuous; glumes minutely pilose... 2. M. MINUTISSIMA. 
Pedicels short, appressed; glumes glabrous. 


Panicles loose, delicate; spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long_................ 1. ~M. Wort. 
Panicles narrow, contracted; spikelets 2 mm. long... 13. M. FILIFORMIS. 
Gulmsisimplescompressed tet eee he ee ee 29. M. UNIFLORA. 


1b. Plants perennial. 
3a. Rhizomes developed, usually prominent, scaly, creeping, often branching. 
4a. Blades 2 mm. wide or less, mostly short and involute. 
5a. Panicles open, the spikelets on slender pedicels. 
Spikeless awned, 4 to 5 mm. long; blades involute. Panicle branches in stiffly 
SEC ACIS AS CICLES eee: eee eer ean ea A 2 aT) 50. M. PUNGENS. 
Spikelets awnless, acutish or mucronate, 1 to 2 mm. long; blades flat. 
Sheaths compressed keeled; panicle oblong; eastern species. 
28. M. TORREYANA. 
Sheaths rounded; panicle as broad as long; western species. 
hisuleeto:2:mm:-Jong, auricled=. 2/02 ae 26. M. ARENACEA. 
hiculeanimute, not-auricled) 2:2) 0 Ee 27. M. ASPERIFOLIA. 
5b. Panicles narrow, more or less condensed, the spikelets on short pedicels. 
Culms tall, stout, somewhat woody at base, as much as 6 mm. thick, 1 to 3 m. tall. 
30. M. puMoSA. 
Culms lower, slender. 
Lemma and palea glabrous. 
Culms smooth, widely creeping, the blades fine, conspicuously recurved, 


spreading. 
Spikelets abouts mm: longistscf sso calle eke 14. M. REPENS. 
Spikeletstabout. 2mm longo. Ssee ee ee 15. M. vriuis. 
Culms nodulose-roughened, erect or decumbent at base, sometimes spreading, 
but mot.widely creeping. \. 225.) os: 16. M. RICHARDSONIS. 


Lemma and palea pilose or villous on the lower half. 
Awns 6 to 10 mm. long. 
Panicles densely flowered; glumes as long as the floret. 
21. M. POLYCAULIS. 
Panicles loosely flowered; glumes about half as long as the floret. 
23. M. ARSENEI. 
Awns 1 to 3 mm. long or the lemma mucronate only. 
Blades 5 to 10 cm., rarely 15 cm. long, flat... 20. M. Guauca. 
Blades 1 to 3 cm. long, involute or pungently pointed. 
Glumes about half as long as the floret; lemma 2 to 2.5 mm. long. 
17. M. vILuosa. 
Glumes nearly as long as the floret; lemma 3 to 4 mm. long. 

Culms glabrous below the nodes; sheaths glabrous (rarely pubescent 
below the summit); ligule 1 mm. long, short lacerate; lemma 
loosely villous on the margins on lower half and at the very base, 
mucronate to short awned................------.-----+- 18. M. THURBERI. 

Culms strigose below the nodes; sheaths often strigose to hirsute; 
ligule 0.5 to 1 mm. long; lemma densely villous on lower half; 
AW wbyCOrS MIM HONG see se 19. M. cURTIFOLIA. 

4b. Blades flat, at least some of them more than 3 mm., usually 5 mm. wide or more. 
6a. Panicles loosely flowered, slender, much exceeding the leaves (see also M. sylva- 
tica) ; glumes broad below, abruptly pointed, shorter than the body of the lemma. 
Culms slender, rather weak, becoming much branched, glabrous or slightly sca- 
brous below the nodes. Lemma acuminate, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, awned. 

37. M. BRACHYPHYLLA. 

Culms erect, simple or sparingly branched. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long; lemma awnless or awn-tipped; blades commonly 


pvotmore than 5'toj/ mm..wide: 22...) 35. M. SOBOLIFERA. 
Spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long; lemma with an awn 2 to 5 times as long as the body; 
blades commonly 8 mm. or more wide.....................-.- 36. M. TENUIFLORA. 


6b. Panicles usually densely flowered (sometimes loose in M. sylvatica); glumes 
tapering from base to apex. Culms commonly freely branching (often simple or 
nearly so in M. glomerata). 
Hairs at base of floret copious, as long as the body of the lemma.... 31. M. ANDINA. 
Hairs at base of floret inconspicuous, not more than half as long as the lemma. 


372 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Glumes with stiff scabrous awn-tips, much exceeding the awnless lemma; pan- 
icles terminal on the culm or leafy branches, compact, interrupted, bristly. 
Culms mostly simple or branching at base; internodes minutely puberulent; 
sheaths not or scarcely keeled..__..........---------------------- 32. M. GLOMERATA. 
Culms subcompressed, mostly branching from the middle nodes; internodes 
smooth and glossy except at summit; sheaths keeled. 
33. M. RACEMOSA. 
Glumes acuminate, sometimes awn-tipped but not stiff and exceeding the lemma; 
panicles terminal and axillary, numerous, not bristly. 
Culms glabrous below the nodes; panicles not compact, the branches ascend- 
ing; plants sprawling, top-heavy, the branchlets geniculate-spreading. 
38. M. FRONDOSA. 
Culms strigose below the nodes; panicles compact or if not the branches erect 
or nearly so; plants often bushy-branching but not sprawling with genicu- 
late branchlets. 
Callus hairs wanting; lemma nearly smooth, awnless. 
39. M. GLABRIFLORA. 
Callus hairs present; lemma pubescent below. 
Panicles not compactly flowered; lemma with awn as much as 10 mm. or 
more long (nearly awnless in forma attenuata); some of the blades 
10 to 15 Gm. orsmore, long a oe ee eee 40. M. SYLVATICA. 
Panicles compactly flowered or, if not, lemma awnless; blades commonly 
less than 10 cm. long, but sometimes longer. 
Sheaths tlabrouss 2.2) sees ee oe ee 41. M. MEXICANA. 
Heaths SCarOuMs ines ee ees 34. M. CALIFORNICA. 
3b. Rhizomes wanting, the culms tufted, usually erect. 
7a. Culms decumbent and rooting at the nodes. 


Spikelets awnless; panicles open, diffuse..................-...------------------ 29. M. UNIFLORA. 
Spikelets awned; panicles narrow, the branches ascending or appressed. 
Glumes minute, the first sometimes wanting..__......----.-.----- 42. M. SCHREBERI. 
Glumes evident, as much as 3 mm. long (see also M. schreberi var. palustris). 
Awns ito°-2 mm. long:3 22s ee eee eae 43. M. CURTISETOSA. 
Awns: 5:to' 20 mim longi: 2 Ae ee ee eee 22. M. PAUCIFLORA. 


7b. Culms erect or spreading, but not rooting at the nodes. 
Second glume 3-toothed (rarely not toothed in WM. filiculmis). 
Lemma 4 mm. long; culms relatively stout, 15 to 60 em. tall... 45. MM]. MonTANA. 
Lemma 2.5 to 3 mm. long; culms filiform, 10 to 20 em. tall... 46. M. FrticuLMIs. 
Second oe usually acute or awned, sometimes erose-toothed, not distinctly 3- 
toothed. 
8a. Panicle narrow or spikelike, the branches floriferous from the base or nearly 
so (see also M. metcalfet). 
9a. Lemma acute, acuminate, mucronate or short-awned. 
Blades involute. 
Panicle elongate and spikelike. 
Glumes and lemma or some of them awn-tipped......... 70. MM. MARSHII. 
Glumes acute to blunt or erose; lemma not awn-tipped. 
Ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; lower panicle branches sometimes 5 to 10 cm, 
Ong 2 oo co ie 2 Ee eh eae ne SR Pi ee 68. M. RIGENS. 
Ligule 1 to 2 mm. long; lower panicle branches seldom more than 3 cm. 
ONG ee Sie ese en Sacre eyo a ae 69. M. MUNDULA. 
Panicle narrow but scarcely spikelike, the branches loosely flowered. 
Blades mostly in a short basal cluster; panicle 5 to 8 em. long. 
44, M. JONESII. 
Blades not in a short basal cluster; panicle 10 to 30 cm. long. 
58. M. DUBIA. 
Blades flat, folded, or loosely involute. 
Panicle more or less spikelike. 
Glumes obtuse; culms delicate. Ligule about 2 mm. long. 
13. M. FILIFORMIS. 
Glumes acute or acuminate; culms wiry. 
Glumes gradually acute; culms minutely pubescent; ligule about 0.5 


mim; long 3. 9 es. ee eee ele ees 24. M. CUSPIDATA. 
Glumes abruptly acute, usually awn-pointed or awned; culms hispidu- 
lous henle dT tosiimm lon gars ee 25. M. WRIGHTII. 

Panicle narrow, but not spikelike. 
Lemma ‘villous below 2-2) ee 67. M. EMERSLEYI. 


Lemma glabrous or obscurely pubescent. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 373 


Lower sheaths compressed keeled....................-- 65. M. LINDHEIMERI. 
Lower sheaths not compressed keeled..............-- 64. M. LONGILIGULA. 
9b. Lemma with an awn usually more than 5 mm. long, or some of the awns less 
in M. dubioides and M. metcalfez. 
Old sheaths becoming flat and more or less coiled at base of plant. 


47. M. VIRESCENS. 
Old sheaths not flat and coiled. 


Panicle mostly 20 to 40 cm. long. 
Ligule 1 to 2 mm. long; glumes acute or awn-pointed. 


59. M. DUBIOIDES. 
Ligule 4 to 5 mm. long; glumes obtuse to subobtuse. 


57. M. METCALFEI. 

Panicle mostly 5 to 10 em. long. 
10a. Lemma pilose or villous on lower part. 

Culms loosely tufted, hard and wiry at base. 

Glumes and floret about equal; lemma 2.5 to 3 mm. long, villous 

pel owe nated ewe | DSS oe ne ae 5 ee he 21. M. POLYCAULIS. 

Glumes about half as long as floret; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, sparsely 

DIL OSe twee Ric eran yl ee UE orc es ho eee 23. M. ARSENEI. 

Culms closely or somewhat loosely tufted, slender but not hard and 


aWilleVach UMW ASe tee. csem cee ee Ee 48. M. MONTICOLA. 
10b. Lemma scaberulous, not pilose. 


Glumes less than 1 mm. long...._.-.._..-..-..--....-- 49. M. PARVIGLUMIS. 
Clumes 2:toA mim 1Omems =e ee 22. M. PAUCIFLORA. 
8b. Panicle open, or at least loose, the branches naked at base (sometimes shortly 
so in M. metcalfei). 
Plants widely spreading, much branched, wiry, the base knotty. 
51. M. PoRTERI. 
Plants erect, not widely spreading and much branched. 
Blades flat, the midnerve and margins white-cartilaginous. 
52. M. ARIZONICA. 
Blades folded or involute, or occasionally some of them flat. 
Blades short in a basal cluster. 
Panicle mostly less than 15 cm. long; blades 1 to 3 cm. long, involute, 
curledtortalcatere: 20 tes hee Nis 53. M. TORREYI. 
Panicle mostly more than 20 cm. long; blades commonly 5 to 8 cm. long, 
Hatrornusuallytolded: 2 si = a 54. M. ARENICOLA. 
Blades elongate. 


lla. Panicle open or diffuse, if narrow, the branches slender; capillary, 
more or less flexuous. 
Awn of lemma less than 5 mm. long; panicle usually not more than 
twice as long as wide at maturity, the branches and pedicels stiff. 
Plants fibrous at the base; lemma awnless or with an awn to 2 mm., 
RATE Vat OL Onmams LOM Geiss. oS ee ee eed 60. M. BXPANSA. ~ 
Plants not fibrous at base; lemma with an awn 2 to 5 mm. long. 
61. M. REVERCHONI. 
Awn of lemma usually more than 10 mm. long (sometimes awnless in 
M. emersleyt); panicle elongate, usually at least 4 times as long as 
wide at maturity. 
Panicle diffuse, the branches more than 10 cm. long; pedice}s usually 
much longer than the spikelets.................. 62. MM. CAPILLARIS. 
Panicle open but not diffuse. 
Panicle deep purple; blades relatively coarse, some of them usually 
EH Fe ORS rho Rs nr Ge a Ue 63. M. RIGIDA. 
Panicle pale or tawny; blades involute, scabrous. 
Ligule 4 to 10 mm. long; glumes obtuse to subacute. 
55. M. SETIFOLIA. 
Ligule 1 to 3 mm. long; glumes acute to mucronate. 


; 56. M. XEROPHILA. 
11b. Panicle narrow, elongate, the branches rather stiffly ascending or 
appressed. 


lLowersheaths rounded: 57. M. METCALFEI. 
Lower sheaths compressed-keeled. 
Glumes as long as the floret; lemma villous below. 


: 67. M. EMERSLEYI. 
Glumes distinctly shorter than the floret; lemma pubescent on the 
margins toward the base...........................----- 66. M. INvoLUTA. 


374 


Figure 520.—Muhlenbergia wolfii. Plant, X 1; spike- 
let and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 7661, Mex.) 


1. Muhlenbergia_ wolfii (Vasey) 
Rydb. (Fig. 520.) Annual; culms 
spreading, branching at base, 6 to 
25 cm. tall; blades flat, mostly 1 to 
3 em. long, 1 mm. wide or less; 
panicle 2 to 6 cm. long, the simple 
branches ascending, the short, stiff 
pedicels appressed along the branches; 
spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long; glumes 
glabrous, about half as long as the 
spikelet; lemma rather turgid, mi- 
nutely white-silky along the margins. 
© (Sporobolus ramulosus of Manual, 
ed. 1.)—Open or wooded slopes, 
mostly in thin soil, Colorado to 
northern Mexico and Arizona. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


2. Muhlenbergia minutissima 
(Steud.) Swallen. (Fig. 521.) Annual; 
culms erect to spreading, branching 
at base, 10 to 35 em. tall; blades flat, 
mostly less than 10 cm. long, about 1 
mm. wide; panicle half to three- 
fourths the length of the entire plant, 
the slender pedicels ascending; spike- 
lets 1.2to 1.5 mm. long, the glumes half 
to two-thirds as long, minutely pilose; 
lemma minutely — silky-pubescent 
along the midnerve and margins. © 
(Sporobolus microspermus of Manual, 
ed. 1.)—Moist sandy or rocky slopes, 
Montana to Washington south to Tex- 
as, California, and northern Mexico. 

3. Muhlenbergia fragilis Swallen. 
(Fig. 522.) Annual; culms geniculate- 
ascending, freely branching at base, 
10 to 30 cm. tall; blades flat, mostly 
2 to 6 em. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; 
panicle very diffuse, the capillary 
branches, branchlets, and _ pedicels 
widely spreading or reflexed, fragile; 
spikelets 1 to 1.1 mm. long, the 
glumes half to two-thirds as long, 
glabrous; lemma silky-pubescent on 
the keel and margins, the palea silky- 
pubescent between the nerves. © 
—Moist sandy soil and rocky hills, 
western Texas to southern Arizona, 
south to central Mexico. 

4, Muhlenbergia sinudsa Swallen. 
(Fig. 523.) Annual; culms geniculate- 
ascending, freely branching at base; 
blades flat, mostly 4 to 10 cm. long, 
1 to 1.5 mm. wide, minutely pubes- 
cent on both surfaces; panicle many- 
flowered, 14 to 22 cm. long, 2 to 6 
cm. wide, the scabrous branches as- 
cending, the elongate, capillary pedi- 
cels sinuous and tangled; spikelets 
often purple-tinged, 1.5 to 2 mm. 
long, the glumes about half as long, 
usually conspicuously pilose; lemma 
obtuse, delicately silky-pubescent be- 
low on the midnerve and margins, 
the broad palea equal. © —HMoist 
canyon walls and borders of marshes, 
New Mexico and Arizona. 

5. Muhlenbergia texana Buckl. 
(Fig. 524.) Annual, culms delicate, 
erect or ascending, branching at base, 
10 to 30 cm. tall, the culms strongly 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 375 


Figure 521.—Muhlenbergia minutissima. Plant, X 1; spikelet, floret, and ligule, X 10. (Metcalfe 1431, N. Mex.) 


unequal; foliage scant, ligule about sheath; blades 2 to 5 em. long, about 
2mm. long, erose, decurrent down the 1mm. wide; panicle half to two-thirds 


376 MISC.-PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


e 
FIGURE 522.— Muhlenbergia fragilis. Plant, X 1; glumes, two views of floret, and ligule, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES Ol7 


ASIN 
: 
= 


S 
ZS 
DS 
—- &S = 
= 
_ NX 


=< 


\ 
if, 
i 


<< 


cee 


Z 
ve 
LEE S 


le ZS 
= 
\ 


Figure 523.—Muhlenbergia sinuosa. Plant, X 1; spikelet and Figure 524.—Muhlenbergia tex- 
i ) 


igule, X 10. (Type. 


the length of the plant, the delicate 
branches ascending or spreading; 
spikelets about 1.5 mm. long, on 
capillary mostly spreading pedicels 
2 to 5 mm. long; glumes 1 and 1.5 


ana. Plant, X 1; spikelet and 
floret, X 10. (Wright 736, 
western Texas. 


mm. long, sparsely hirsute; lemma 
1.6 to 1.8 mm. long, minutely silky 
on the nerves below, slightly notched 
and with a delicate awn 1 to 1.3 mm. 
long, the awns sometimes fallen in 


378 
overmature specimens. © —Rocky 
canyons and slopes, western Texas to 
Arizona, northern Mexico, and Baja 
California; rare or overlooked. 


Figure 525.—Muhlenbergia eludens. Plant, xX 1; 
glumes and floret, X 8. (Pringle 399, Mex.) 


6. Muhlenbergia elidens C. G. 
Reeder. (Fig. 525.) Annual, branching 
at base, culms slender, erect, 15 to 35 
cm. tall, the culms strongly unequal; 
foliage scant, scabrous; ligule 2 to 2.5 
mm. long; blades mostly 4 to 7 cm. 
long to 1.5 mm. wide, involute up- 
ward; panicle half to three-fourths 


the length of the plant, the slender 


branches relatively stiffly spreading; 
spikelets 2.2 to 2.6 mm. long, on short 
pedicels, mostly closely appressed to 
the branches; glumes about 1 to 
1.5 mm. long, hirsute; lemma 2.3 mm. 
long, silky on the midnerve and mar- 
gins, slightly notched and with an 
awn 2 to 2.5 mm. long. © (In- 
cluded in M. texana in Manual, ed. 
1.)—Rocky woods and wet ledges and 
gravel bars, to 2,400 m. altitude, New 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mex- 
ico. 

7. Muhlenbergia microspérma 
(DC.) Kunth. LitrLEsrED MUHLY. 
(Fig. 526.) Annual; culms densely 
tufted, branching and spreading at 
base, often purple, 10 to 30 cm. tall; 
blades mostly less than 3 cm. long, 1 
to 2 mm. wide, scabrous; panicles 
narrow, 5 to 15 cm. long, the branches 
rather distant, ascending; spikelets on 
short thick pedicels; glumes broad, 
obtuse, subequal, less than 1 mm. 
long; lemma narrow, 2 to 4 mm. long, 
scabrous, the slender awn 1 to 3 cm. 
long. ©  —Open dry ground, 
Nevada, Arizona, and southern Cali- 
fornia to Peru. Cleistogamous spike- 
lets are developed at the base of lower 
sheaths, solitary or few in a fascicle in 
each axil, each spikelet included in an 
indurate thickened, tightly rolled nar- 
rowly conical reduced sheath, which 
readily disarticulates from the plant 
at maturity. The glumes are wanting 
and awn of lemma reduced, but the 
grain is larger than that of the spike- 
lets in the terminal inflorescence, 
being about the same length (2 mm.) 
but much thicker. 


FIGURE 526.—Muhlenbergia microsperma. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Mearns 2780, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


8. Muhlenbergia appréssa C. O. 
Goodding. (Fig. 527.) Culms 10 to 40 
em. tall, erect or decumbent at base, 
much branched below; ligule lacerate, 
2 to 3 mm. long; blades flat or folded, 
1 to 4 cm. long, scabrous or puber- 
ulent; panicles numerous, as much as 
20 cm. long, very narrow, loosely 
flowered, the branches appressed; 
glumes 1 to 2 mm. long or sometimes 
less, obtuse; lemma 4.5 to 6 mm. long, 
scabrous above, densely pilose on the 
callus and margins at the base; awn 
10 to 30 mm. long. © —Canyons 
and slopes, southern Arizona. Cleis- 
togamous spikelets similar to those in 
M. microsperma are common in the 
lower reduced sheaths. 


Figure 527.—Muhlenbergia appressa. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


9. Muhlenbergia pulchérrima 
Seribn. (Fig. 528.) Culms 10 to 25 
cm. tall, erect, freely branching at 
the base; sheaths scabrous, longer 
than the internodes; ligule thin, 2 to 
3 mm. long; blades flat, pubescent on 
the upper surface, mostly less than 5 
cm. long and 1 mm. wide; panicles 3 
to 5 cm. long, the branches ascending 
or appressed; first glume 0.5 to 1 mm. 
long, acute or notched, the second 2 
mm. long, 2- or 3-toothed; lemma 3 
to 4 mm. long, narrow, acuminate, 
minutely bifid, scabrous, pubescent 
on the lower half of the margins; awn 


slender, flexuous, mostly 10 to 15 mm. » 


379 


long, or sometimes only 5 mm. long. 
© —Rocky ledges and open ground, 
Arizona (Apache County); Chihua- 
hua, Mexico. 


Figure 528.—Muhlenbergia pulcherrima. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Schroeder, Ariz.) 


10. Muhlenbergia pectinata C. O. 
Goodding. (Fig. 529.) Culms 10 to 25 
cm. long, erect to decumbent, some- 
times rooting at the lower nodes, 
freely branching, angular; sheath 
margins often ciliate; ligule erose to 
ciliate, about 0.5 mm. long; blades 
flat to involute, | to 6 cm. long, 1 to 
2 mm. wide, pubescent or sparsely 


380 


pilose; panicles numerous, narrow, 2 
to 12 em. long; spikelets 3.5 to 4.5 
mm. long; glumes abruptly acute or 
acuminate, commonly aristate, 1.5 to 
2 mm. or sometimes 3 mm. long, the 
awn about half the entire length; 
lemma 3- to 5-nerved, scabrous to 
prominently ciliate on the lateral 
nerves, the callus appressed-pubes- 
cent; awn 10 to 30 mm. long. © 
—Moist rocky hillsides, southern 
Arizona; Mexico. 


Figure 529.—Muhlenbergia pectinata. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


11. Muhlenbergia depauperata 
Scribn. (Fig. 530.) Culms 2 to 15 em. 
tall, densely tufted, erect, scabrous to 
hispidulous below the nodes; blades 1 
to 1.5 cm. long (rarely 3 cm.), 1 to 
1.5 mm. wide, scabrous, puberulent 
on the upper surface, with white car- 
tilaginous midnerve and margins; 
panicles narrow, spikelike, often in- 
cluded, 1 to 4 em. long (rarely to 6 
em.), the branches and_ pedicels 
closely appressed; glumes narrow, 
scabrous, about equal to or slightly 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


longer than the floret, the tips often 
spreading; first glume 2-nerved, bi- 
dentate or entire, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; 
second glume l-nerved, acuminate- 
aristate, 3 to 4 mm. long; lemma 3 to 
3.5 mm. long, prominently 3-nerved, 
scabrous above, sparsely pubescent 
on the internerves, the straight awn 
2 to 10 mm. long, rarely less. © 
—Open gravelly places, Arizona and 
New Mexico; northern Mexico. 

12. Muhlenbergia brévis C. O. 
Goodding. (Fig. 531.) Culms 3 to 20 
cm. tall, erect, tufted, much branched 
below; ligule 1 to 3 mm. long, lacer- 
ate; blades flat to involute, 0.5 to 4 
cm. long, scabrous or puberulent 
above, scabrous below; panicles 1 to 
2 cm. long, narrow, rather densely 
flowered, the branches erect; glumes 
scabrous, variable, shorter than the 
floret; first glume 1 to 3 mm. long, 
2-nerved, minutely to deeply bifid; 
second glume 1.5 to 4 mm. long (usu- 


Figure 530.—Muhlenbergia depauperata. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 13560, N. Mex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 381 


ally 2to 3mm.), l-nerved, acuminate; mountain meadows, South Dakota 
lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, 3- to 5- and Kansas to British Columbia, 
nerved, scabrous, especially on the south to New Mexico and California. 
nerves, sparsely to rather densely A somewhat stouter form with thicker 
appressed-pubescent on the inter- panicles has been differentiated as M. 
nerves toward the base; awn 10 to 20 = semplex Rydb. 
mm. long (rarely less). © (M. 14. Muhlenbergia répens (Presl) 
depauperata of Manual, ed. 1.)—Open Hitche. Creepine munty. (Fig. 533.) 
ground at higher elevations, Colorado Perennial with widely creeping scaly 
and Texas to Arizona; Mexico. rhizomes; culms decumbent, branch- 
13. Muhlenbergia filif6rmis ing, spreading, the flowering branches 
(Thurb.) Rydb. PuLi-up MuuHLy. 5 to 20cm. long; blades mostly 1 to 3 
(Fig. 532.) Annual, or sometimes ap- 
pearing perennial, loosely tufted, 
rather soft and lax, erect or somewhat 
spreading; culms filiform, usually 5 to 
15 cm. tall, sometimes as much as 30 
em.; ligule about 2 mm. long; blades 
flat, usually less than 3 cm. long; pan- 
icle narrow, interrupted, few-flow- 
ered, usually less than 5 cm. long; 
glumes ovate, 1 mm. long; lemma 
lanceolate, acute, mucronate, 2 mm. 
long, minutely pubescent, scaberulous 
at tip. © —Open woods and 


FieureE 532.— Muhlenbergia fili- 
formis. Plant, X 1; glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Nelson 4011, Wyo.) 


em. long, flat or soon involute; pan- 
icle narrow, | to 4 em. long, some- 
times longer, interrupted; spikelets 
about 3 mm. long; glumes more than 
half as long as the lemma or a little 
more, acutish; lemma narrowed to a 
more or less apiculate summit, mi- 
nutely roughened, usually darker than 
the glumes, the lateral nerves obscure. 
21 —Dry rocky or sandy open 
ground, Texas to Arizona; Mexico. 
15. Muhlenbergia itilis (Torr.) 
Hitche. APpAREJO GRass. (Fig. 534.) 
Similar to M. repens; usually more 
delicate and more widely spreading 
with finer leaves, the blades mostly 1 
mm. wide or less; spikelets about 2 


Fieure 531.—Muhlenbergia brevis. Plant, X 1; glumes : 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) mm. long, less pointed, the glumes 


382 


Figure 533.—Muhlenbergia repens. Plant, X 13 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Silveus 831, Tex.) 


sometimes less than half as long as 
the paler lemma. 2 (Sporobolus 
utilis Scribn.)—Wet places, marshy 
soil, and along ditches and streams, 
Texas, southern California, Nevada, 
and Mexico. Used for stuffing pack 
saddles. 

16. Muhlenbergia richardsonis 
(Trin.) Rydb. Mat MunBLY. (Fig. 535.) 
Perennial from numerous hard creep- 
ing rhizomes; culms wiry, nodulose- 
roughened, erect or decumbent at 
base, from 5 to 60 cm. tall; ligule 2 
to 3 mm. long; blades usually in- 
volute, 1 to 5 cm. long, rarely longer; 
panicle narrow, interrupted, or some- 
times rather close and spikelike, 2 to 
10 cm. long; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


long, the glumes‘about half as long, 
ovate; lemma lanceolate, acute, mu- 
cronate. 2 —Dry or moist open 
often alkaline soil, New Brunswick 
and Maine to Alberta, south to Michi- 
gan and Nebraska and in the moun- 
tains to New Mexico, through eastern 
Washington to California and Ari- 
zona; Baja California. There are two 
intergrading forms of this species; one 
with rather stout decumbent or 
somewhat spreading culms (M. squar- 
rosa (Trin.) Rydb.), the other with 
slender erect culms (VM. richardsonis 
(Erin?) kydb:): 

17. Muhlenbergia villésa Swallen. 
(Fig. 536.) Culms 10 to 20 cm. tall, 
wiry, freely branching, erect from 
creeping rhizomes, puberulent, ob- 
scurely nodulose; blades 2.5 to 3.5 
cm. long, firm, involute, glabrous be- 
neath, pubescent above; panicles 2 to 
4 cm. long, the branches appressed or 
spreading, closely flowered; spikelets 
2 to 2.5 mm. long, appressed; glumes 
subequal, 1 to 1.6 mm. long, acute or 


Figure 534.—Muhlenbergia utilis. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Lindheimer 559, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


383 


Figure 535.—Muhlenbergia richardsonis. Plant, X 14; glumes and lemma, X 10. (Jones 5743, Utah.) 


subobtuse; lemma and palea villous 
on the lower half, the lemma acute or 
mucronate. 2} —Known only from 
south of Stanton, Tex. The type of 
this species was previously referred to 
M. thurberi Rydb. 

18. Muhlenbergia thurbéri Rydb. 
(Fig. 537.) Perennial, with creeping 
rhizomes; culms slender, 10 to 20 cm. 
tall, branched at base, the branches 
erect, tufted, the tufts on branches of 
the rhizome; sheaths glabrous; blades 
involute, slender, mostly 1 to 3 cm. 
long; panicle pale, narrow, slender, 3 
to 7 cm. long, the branches short, ap- 
pressed, few-flowered; spikelets 3.5 to 
4 mm. long; glumes nearly as long as 
the lemma, acute; lemma and palea 
villous on lower half, the lemma mu- 
cronate to short-awned. 2 —Dry 
hills, New Mexico and Arizona; rare. 


19. Muhlenbergia curtif6lia Scribn. 
(Fig. 538.) Perennial, with creeping 
rhizomes; culms 10 to 20 cm. tall, 
loosely tufted, few from the branches 
of the rhizome; sheaths glabrous or 
pubescent; blades 1 to 2.5 cm. long, 
2 to 3 mm. wide or less, rigidly spread- 
ing, pungently pointed, more or less 
pubescent; panicle 4 to 8 cm. long, 
slender, the branches appressed; spike- 
lets 3 to 3.5 mm. long; glumes acute, 
a little shorter than the floret; lem- 
ma and palea villous on the lower 
half, scabrous above, tapering into 
an awn 1 to 4 mm. long. A — 
Rocky soil, southern Utah, southern 
Nevada, and: northern Arizona. 

20. Muhlenbergia glatica (Nees) 
Mez. (Fig. 539.) Perennial, from a 
slender creeping branching woody 
rhizome; culms slender, wiry, erect 


384 


Figure 536.—Muhlenbergia villosa. Plant, 


aes 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


or ascending, 20 to 60 cm. tall, 
branching from the lower nodes; 
blades flat to subinvolute, mostly 5 
to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide; 
panicle 5 to 12 cm. long, narrow, 
contracted, interrupted, the branches 
short, appressed; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. 
long, the glumes nearly as long, 
acuminate; lemma sparsely pilose on 
the lower part, acuminate into an 
awn usually 1 to 3 mm. (rarely as 
much as 8 mm.) long. A (M. 
lemmonit Scribn.)—Deserts, western 
Texas to southern California (Ja- 
macha) and northern Mexico. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


21. Muhlenbergia polycailis Scribn. 
(Fig. 540.) Perennial, from a firm 
crown; culms numerous, wiry, de- 
cumbent and scaly at base, 30 to 


——— 


= 


\\ | 
n\ 

\\, ' 
\ hy 

\ih\ 

\ 


Figure 537.—Muhlenbergia thurberi. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Standley 7345, Ariz.) 


hy 
YZ 


J 
Yi 


/ 


Figure 538.—Muhlenbergia curtifolia. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 380 


. == zs 
~ SARS = 
SS SSN SS" 
—<—<— ———> AN SSS Se 
= SS 


WO i] 
" Ly 


NG 


Fieure 539.—Muhlenbergia glauca. 
Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, 
10. (Nealley 726, Tex.) 


Fieure 540.—Muhlenbergia poly- 
caulis. Plant, X 1; glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Type.) 


50 cm. tall; blades mostly flat and 
less than 5 cm. long, about 1 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, contracted, 
interrupted, 3 to 8 cm. long; spike- 
lets, excluding awns, 2.5 to 3 mm. 
long, the glumes a little shorter, 
tapering to slender awn tips; lemma 
and palea loosely villous below, the 
lemma tapering into a delicate awn 
ito. 23 cm.) long, 2) —“Shaded 
ledges and grassy slopes, western 
Texas to southern Arizona and central 
Mexico. 

22. Muhienbergia pauciflora Buckl. 
New Mepmxican MUBLY. (Fig. 541.) 
Perennial; culms loosely tufted, wiry, 
erect, branching at the lower nodes, 
30 to 60 cm. tall; blades 1 mm. wide 
or less; panicle narrow, contracted, 
interrupted, 5 to 12 cm. long, the 
branches erect or ascending; spike- 


386 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 541.—Muhlenbergia pauciflora. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Wright 732, Tex.) 


lets, excluding awn, about 4 mm. 
long, the glumes about half as long, 
acuminate to awn-tipped; lemma 
scaberulous only, tapering into a 
slender flexuous awn, 5 to 20 mm. 
long. 21 —Rocky hills and can- 
yons, western Texas and Colorado, 
Utah, and Arizona, south to northern 
Mexico. ) 

23. Muhlenbergia arsénei Hitchce. 
(Fig. 542.) Perennial, without rhi- 
zomes but the spreading base some- 
times rhizomatous in appearance, 
loosely tufted; culms wiry, 10 to 45 
em. tall, branched below, the branches 
erect; leaves crowded toward the 


base, the blades slender, involute, 
sharp-pointed, 1 to 3 cm. long; pan- 
icle narrow, rather loose, purplish, 
2 to 10 em. long, the branches as- 
cending, floriferous from base; spike- 
lets, excluding the awns, 4 to 5 mm. 
long, the glumes shorter, acute or 
subacute, awnless; lemma _ sparsely 
pubescent below, tapering into a 
flexuous awn 6 to 10 mm. long. 2 
—Arid slopes, northern New Mexico 
and southeastern Utah; southern 
California (Clark Mountains). 

24. Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr. ) 
Rydb. Puains muntuy. (Fig. 543.) 
Culms slender, wiry, 20 to 40 cm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 387 


tall, erect, in dense tufts with hard 
bulblike scaly bases; ligule minute; 
blades flat or loosely involute, erect 
or ascending, | to 2 mm. wide; pan- f 
icle narrow, somewhat spikelike, 5 
to 10 cm. long, the short branches 
appressed; spikelets about 3 mm. | 
long; glumes subequal, acuminate- wo OY 
cuspidate, about two-thirds as long 7 
as the spikelet; lemma acuminate- 4 
cuspidate, minutely pubescent. if 
—Prairies and gravelly or stony | 
slopes, Michigan and Wisconsin to | & 
Alberta, south to Ohio, Kentucky, Y ( Wy 
and New Mexico. vt y 
25. Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey. 
SPIKE MUHLY. (Fig. 544.) Culms 
closely tufted from a hard crown, 
erect, wiry, 20 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths 
compressed-keeled; ligule 1 to 3 mm. 
long, sometimes longer; blades flat, 
1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle spikelike, 
interrupted below, 5 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, the 


Za 
LE= 
= 
= 
— 
ee 
ZZ 


IE 


SSS 
SS 

ee 
Lee” FS 


Figure 542.—Muhlenbergia arsenei. Plant, X 1; Fiaure 543.—Muhlenbergia cuspidata. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) glumes and floret, X 10. (Crattyv, Iowa.) 


388 


glumes rather thin, mostly about 
half as long as the spikelet, broad 


at base, tapering to an awn point; 
lemma glabrous, acuminate, awn- 
tipped. 2 —Plains and _ open 
slopes at medium altitudes, Okla- 


homa, Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, 
Arizona, and northern Mexico. 

26. Muhlenbergia arenacea Buck. 
Hitche. (Fig. 545.) Perennial, with 
creeping rhizomes; culms tufted from 
the branches of the rhizomes, some- 
times decumbent at base, 10 to 35 
em. tall; igule prominent, decurrent, 


Figure 544.—Muhlenbergia wrightii. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Standley 8249, N. Mex.) 


1 to 2 mm. long, the margins usually 
spht away, forming an erect auricle 
at each side; blades flat, wavy, mostly 
1 to 3 cm. long, about 1 mm. wide, 
sharp-pointed, the margins and mid- 
nerve white and cartilaginous; pan- 
icle diffuse, 7 to 12 em. long, about 
as broad, the branches and pedicels 
capillary; spikelets about 2 mm. 
long, rarely 2-flowered; the glumes 
about half as long, abruptly apicu- 
late or subacute; lemma glabrous, 
abruptly mucronate. 2 (Sporobo- 
lus auriculatus Vasey.)—Low places 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


in mesas, Texas and Colorado to 
Arizona and Sonora. This species 
and the next three are placed in 
Muhlenbergia because of the 3-nerved 
mucronate lemma. The caryopsis 
does not fall from the lemma and 
palea as in most species of Sporobolus, 
nor can the pericarp be separated 
from the grain by moistening it. 

27. Muhlenbergia asperifélia (Nees 
and Mey.) Parodi. ScraTcHGRASs. 
(Fig. 546.) Perennial, pale or glau- 
cous, with slender scaly rhizomes; 
culms branching at base, spreading, 
slender, compressed, 10 to 50 cm. 
tall, the branches ascending or erect; 
sheaths somewhat compressed-keeled, 
usually overlapping; lgule minute, 
erose-toothed; blades flat, crowded, 
scabrous, mostly 2 to 5 ecm. long, 
1 to 2 mm. wide; panicle diffuse, 5 
to 15 cm. long, about as wide, the 
capillary scabrous branches finally 
widely spreading, the panicle at ma- 
turity breaking away; spikelets 1.5 
to 2 mm. long, occasionally 2-flow- 
ered, the pedicels capillary; glumes 
acute, from half to nearly as long 
as the spikelet; lemma thin, broad, 
minutely mucronate from an obtuse 
apex. 2 (Sporobolus asperzfolius 
Nees and Mey.)—Damp or marshy, 
often alkaline soil, along irrigation 
ditches and banks of streams, New 
York, Indiana and Alberta to British 
Columbia, south to Texas, California, 
and Mexico; southern South America. 
The caryopsis is frequently affected 
by a fungus (Tulletia asperifolia Ell. 
and Everh.) which produces a large 
globular body. 

28. Muhlenbergia torreyana 
(Schult.) Hitche. (Fig. 547.) Perennial, 
strongly compressed at base, with 
short very scaly rhizomes; culms 
simple, or sparingly branching at 
base, erect, 30 to 60 cm. tall; blades 
elongate, rather firm, flat or folded, 
1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle oblong, 
open, 10 to 20 em. long, the capillary 


branches and _ pedicels ascending; 
spikelets about 2 mm. long, the 
glumes subequal, slightly shorter; 


lemma and palea minutely  sca- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 5) 


NN } 
‘ ! 
\ N\A i] 
S S , \ 
S 
= Wf 
‘ aH , 
S » 
S - - tr 
Sa | {eh 


Figure 546.—Muhlenbergia asperifolia. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Griffiths 212, S. Dak.) 


Figure 547.—Muhlenbergia torreyana. Plant, X 13 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Vasey, N. J.) 


berulous-puberulent. 21 (Sporobo- 
lus compressus Kunth; S. torreyanus 
Nash.)—Moist pine barrens and 
meadows, New Jersey and Delaware; 
Georgia (Sumter County), Kentucky, 
and Tennessee. 

29. Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) 
Fernald. (Fig.548.) Perennial, but oft- 
en appearing like anannual, tufted, oft- 
en with decumbent bases; culms slen- 
der, erect, 20 to 40 cm. tall, the base 
and lower sheaths compressed; blades 
flat, crowded along the lower part 
of the culm, about 1 mm. wide; 
panicle loose, open, oblong, 7 to 20 
em. long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, the branches 
and pedicels capillary; spikelets dark 
purplish, about 1.5 mm. long, rarely 
2-flowered; glumes scarcely half as 
long as the spikelet, subacute; lemma 
faintly 3-nerved, acutish. 2 (Spo- 
robolus serotinus A. Gray; S. uniflorus 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Scribn. and Merr.)—Bogs and wet 
meadows, Newfoundland to Michi- 
gan and New Jersey. 

30. Muhlenbergia dumdésa Scribn. 
(Fig. 549.) Perennial, with short, 
stout creeping scaly rhizomes; culms 
robust, solid, thick, and _ scaly 
at base (here as much as 6 mm. 
thick), the main culm erect or lean- 
ing, 1 to 3 m. tall, the lower part 
clothed with bladeless sheaths, freely 
branching at the middle and upper 
nodes, the branches numerous, fas- 
cicled, spreading, decompound, the 
ultimate branchlets filiform; blades 


Figure 548.—Muhlenbergia uniflora. Plant, 


<eL; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Chamberlain 147, Maine.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 549.—Muhlenbergia dumosa. Plant, X 1° 


glumes and floret, X 10. (Pringle, Ariz.) 


flat or soon involute, smooth, those 
of the branches mostly less than 5 
em. long and 1 mm. wide; panicles 
numerous on the branches, common- 
ly exceeded by the leaves, 1 to 3 cm. 
long, narrow, somewhat flexuous; 


391 


spikelets, excluding the awn, about 
3 mm. long, the glumes scarcely half 
as long, thin, pale with a green mid- 
nerve, usually minutely awn-tipped 
or with an awn as much as 9 mm. 
long; lemma narrow, pubescent about 
the base and margin, pale with green 
nerves, the awn from the slightly 
notched apex, flexuous, 3 to 5 mm. 
long. 2 —Canyons and_ valley 
flats, southern Arizona to Jalisco, 
Mexico. Has the aspect of a miniature 
bamboo. 

31. Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) 
Hitche. FoxTar, MUHBLY. (Fig. 550.) 
Perennial, with numerous scaly rhi- 
zomes; culms erect or sometimes 
spreading, scabrous-puberulent below 
the nodes and the panicle, 50 to 100 
em. tall; sheaths smooth or slightly 
scabrous, keeled; ligule 1 mm. long, 
membranaceous, short-ciliate; blades 
flat, 2 to 6 mm. wide, scabrous; 
panicle narrow, spikelike, usually 
more or less lobed or interrupted, 
grayish, silky, often purple-tinged, 
7 to 15 cm. long; glumes narrow, 
acuminate, ciliate-scabrous on the 
keels, 3 to 4 mm. long; lemma 3 mm. 
long, tapering into a capillary awn ~ 
4 to 8 mm. long, the hairs at base 


Fieure 550.—Muhlenbergia andina. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Elmer 558, Wash.) 


9 


bo 


Co 


= 


Naif 
Ny 


a 
N 
Xe 


ae ..- La 
ee 


FiGguRE 551.—Muhlenbergia glomerata. Plant, X 1; 


glumes and floret, X 8. (Macoun 26241, Ontario.) 


= STS IL Ee 
Sh en 


FiagurRE 552.—Muhlenbergia racemosa. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (V. H. Chase 940, Il.) 


of floret copious, nearly as long as 
the body of the lemma. 2 (MM. 
comata Benth.)—Meadows, moist 
thickets, gravelly river beds, and 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


open ground, at medium altitudes, 
Montana to eastern Washington, 
south to Kansas, New Mexico, and 
central California. 

32. Muhlenbergia glomerata 
(Willd.) Trin. (Fig. 551.) Perennial 
from creeping branching scaly rhi- 
zomes; culms slender, erect or sub- 
erect, 30 to 90 cm. tall, simple or 
with a few erect branches at base, 
the internodes minutely puberulent; 
sheaths rounded on the back; ligule 
minute; blades flat, 5 to 15 cm. long, 
lax, 2 to 5 mm. wide, ascending; 
panicle narrow, compact, lobed, most- 
ly interrupted at base, often pur- 
plish, 3 to 10 em. long; spikelets 5 
to 6 mm. long, the narrow, attenuate 
subequal glumes stiffly awn-tipped; 
lemma about 3 mm. long, pointed, 
pilose on the lower part. 2 — 
Sphagnum bogs, swamps, and moist 
ground, Newfoundland to British 
Columbia, Maine to Wisconsin, Vir- 
ginia, and Indiana; Nebraska. Has 
been confused with M. racemosa; 
occasionally difficult to distinguish. 
Internodes are sometimes glabrous, 
but are roughish to the fingernail. 

33. Muhlenbergia racemosa 
(Michx.) B. 8. P. (Fig. 552.) Peren- 
nial from creeping scaly branching 
rhizomes, these and culms usually 
somewhat stouter than in the pre- 
ceding; culms erect or ascending, 
subcompressed, 30 to 100 cm. tall, 
usually finally branching from the 
middle nodes, the branches mostly 
erect, the internodes smooth and 
shining except toward the summit; 
sheaths loose, keeled; ligule 1 to 1.5 
mm. long; blades flat, 4 to 18 ecm. 
long, 2 to 7 mm. wide, commonly 
somewhat firmer than those of M. 
glomerata, erect to ascending; panicle 
3 to 14 cm. long, narrow, compact, 
often lobed, less commonly purple 
and thicker than in M. glomerata; 
spikelets 5 (rarely 4.5) to 7 mm. long, 
the narrow attenuate subequal glumes 
stifly awn-tipped; lemma 2.5 to 3.5 
mm. long, acuminate, rarely with a 
short awn, pilose on the lower part. 
2} —Meadows, prairies, alluvial soil 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


_ along rivers, irrigation ditches, rocky 

slopes, dry ground and waste places, 
occasionally in wet meadows, swamps, 
| and moist canyon bottoms, found in a 
wide range of habitats; Manitoba to 
Alberta; Michigan and Indiana to 
Washington, Oklahoma, and Ari- 
zona. Specimens from Orono, Maine, 
and Washington, D. C., were doubt- 
less from cultivated plants. 

34. Muhlenbergia californica 
Vasey. (Fig. 553.) Perennial, pale, 
leafy, the base more or less creeping 
and rhizomatous; culms ascending, 
somewhat woody below, 30 to 60 cm. 
tall, branching below; sheaths sca- 
berulous; blades flat, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide, scabrous, usually short; panicle 
narrow, dense but interrupted, 7 to 
15 cm. long; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. 
long, the glumes slightly shorter, 
scabrous, acuminate, awn-tipped; 
lemma scabrous, acuminate, awn- 
tipped, with sparse callus hairs about 
half as long as the lemma. 2— 
Stream borders and gullies, foothills 
and mountain slopes up to 2,000 m., 
confined to southern California. 


393 


Figure 553.—Muhlenbergia californica. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, 10. (Parish 2113, Calif.) 


\ WY, 
N 4 
SS = ES = = == = 
eee 55 —— 
SS [ES — 
; 


Figure 554.—A, Muhlenbergia sobolifera. Plant, X 
B, Var. setigera, X 10. 


30. Muhlenbergia sobolifera 
(Muhl.) Trin. (Fig. 554, A.) Peren- 
nial, with numerous creeping scaly 
rhizomes 2 to 3 mm. thick; culms 
erect, slender, solitary or few in a 
tuft, glabrous, 60 to 100 cm. tall, 


1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Metcalf 1589, N. Y.) 
(Reverchon 1049, Tex.) 


sparingly branching, the branches 
erect; blades flat, spreading, sca- 
brous, those of the main culm 5 to 
15 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, oc- 
casionally larger, at time of flowering 
aggregate along the middle part of 


394 


Figure 555.—Muhlenbergia tenuiflora. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Mosley, Ohio.) 


the culm; panicles slender, somewhat 
nodding, mostly 5 to 15 ecm. long, 
the distant branches appressed, flo- 
riferous from base, overlapping or 
the lower more distant; spikelets 
mostly 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the glumes 
about two-thirds as long, abruptly 
acuminate or awn-tipped; lemma 
elliptic, bluntish, pubescent on the 
lower part, usually apiculate. 2 
—Dry rocky woods and cliffs, New 
Hampshire to Nebraska, south to 
Virginia, Tennessee, and Texas. 

MUHLENBERGIA SOBOLIFERA var. 
SETIGERA Scribn. (Fig. 554, B.) 
Branching more freely in the later 
stages; lemma with an awn 1 to 3 
mm. long. 2 —Dry woods, Ar- 
kansas and Texas. 

36. Muhlenbergia tenuifléra 
(Willd.) B. S. P. (Fig. 555.) Similar 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


to M. sobolifera in habit; culms often 
more robust; blades mostly 10 to 18 
em. long and 6 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicles on the average longer; culms 
retrorsely puberulent at least around 
the nodes; sheaths puberulent or 
scaberulous toward the summit; 
spikelets (excluding the awns) 3 to 
4 mm. long, the glumes about half 
as long, broad at base, abruptly 
acuminate, scaberulous; lemma nar- 
row, pubescent toward the base, 
tapering into a slender straight awn 
3 to 10° omm»> long: “25 nor, 
woods, Ontario and Vermont to 
Iowa, south to Georgia, Tennessee, 
and Oklahoma. 

37. Muhlenbergia brachyphylla 
Bush. (Fig. 556.) Perennial, with nu- 
merous slender scaly rhizomes; culms 
slender, suberect, freely branching at 
the middle nodes, the branches lax, 
glabrous or obscurely scabrous below 
the nodes; blades flat, spreading, sca- 
berulous, mostly 7 to 15 em. long and 
3 to 5 mm. wide; panicles on filiform 
peduncles, very slender, lax, relatively 
few-flowered, mostly 8 to 15 cm. 


_ long; spikelets, excluding the awn, 


about 3 mm. long, the glumes about 
two-thirds as long, awn-tipped; lem- 
ma minutely pubescent toward the 
base, tapering into a slender awn 3 to 
6 mm. long, rarely shorter. 2 — 
Low woods, Maryland to North Caro- 
lina; Indiana and Wisconsin to Ne- 
braska, south to Texas. Resembling 
M. tenuiflora, but with numerous fili- 
form branches and more slender pan- 
icles. 

38. Muhlenbergia frondésa (Poir.) 
Fernald. WIRESTEM MUHLY. (Fig. 
557.) Perennial, with creeping scaly 
rhizomes; culms often relatively stout, 
glabrous below the nodes, finally de- 
cumbent, often rooting at the genic- 
ulate lower nodes, freely branching 
from all the nodes (occasionally 
simple below), the branches ascend- 
ing or somewhat spreading, the plants 
becoming top-heavy and bushy, 40 to 
100 cm. long; blades flat, scabrous, 
usually not more than 10 ecm. long, 


sometimes as much as 15 cm., 3 to 7 — 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


mm. wide; panicles numerous, short- 
exserted or partly included, terminal 
and axillary, the larger as much as 10 
em. long (the axillary shorter), nar- 
row, sometimes rather loose, the 
branches ascending, mostly densely 
flowered from the base; glumes 2 to 3 
mm., rarely to 4 mm., long, tapering 
into an awned tip, subequal or un- 
equal, shorter than the floret, or the 
second glume exceeding it; lemma 2 to 
3 mm. long, pointed, short-pilose at 
base. 2 (Described under M. 
mexicana in Manual, ed. 1.)—Thick- 
ets, low ground, and waste places, 
New Brunswick to North Dakota, 
south to Georgia and Texas. 

MUHLENBERGIA FRONDOSA forma 
COMMUTATA (Scribn.) Fernald. Lem- 
mas awned. 2 #—Quebec and 
Maine to South Dakota, south to 
Virginia and Missouri. May be dis- 
tinguished from the awned forms of 
M. mexicana by the culms smooth be- 
low the nodes. 

39. Muhlenbergia glabriflora 
Seribn. (Fig. 558.) In habit resem- 


395 


Ficurme 556.—Muhlenbergia brachyphylla. 
Plant, X 1; glumes and florets, X 10. 
(V. H. Chase 3759, Ill.) 


Fieure 557.—Muhlenbergia frondosa. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (V. H. Chase 1166, Ill.) 


396 


bling V7. frondosa, freely branching; 
culms seaberulous below the nodes as 
in MW. sylvatica; blades numerous, 
short, narrow, appressed; panicles on 
the average shorter and narrower 
than in M. frondosa; spikelets about 
as in MW. frondosa but the lemma gla- 
brous. 2 —Low woods, Maryland 
to North Carolina; Indiana to Mis- 
souri, Arkansas, and Texas. 


Ficgure 558.—Muhlenbergia glabriflora. 
Glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


40. Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) 
Torr. (Fig. 559.) Perennial with creep- 
ing scaly rhizomes, culms slender, re- 
trorsely scaberulous below the nodes, 
rather sparingly branching from the 
middle and upper nodes, finally lean- 
ing, the subfiliform branches often 
elongate, drooping, the plant 40 to 
100 cm. tall; blades flat, lax, ascend- 
ing to spreading, 0.5 to 18, commonly 
8 to 15 cm., long, 2 to 8 mm. wide; 
panicles slender, nodding, the slender 
branches appressed, slightly overlap- 
ping; glumes lanceolate, acuminate or 
awn-tipped, 2 to 3 mm. long; lemma 
slightly exceeding the glumes, pilose 
below, tapering into a slender awn 5 
to 10 mm. long. 2 (M. umbrosa 
Scribn.)—Moist woods and thickets, 
Quebec and Maine to South Dakota, 
south to Alabama and Texas; Ari- 
zona. 

MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA forma 
ATTENUATA (Scribn.) Palmer and 
Steyermark. Lemmas _ short-awned 
or nearly awnless. 2 —Ontario, 
Maine, Connecticut, Indiana, Illinois, 
Michigan, South Dakota, Missouri, 
District of Columbia, and Oklahoma. 

MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA var. 
RoBUSTA Fernald. Culm stiffer, blades 
somewhat firmer, some of them 7 to 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


10 mm. wide; panicles with more 
densely flowered branches; glumes 
slightly broader. 21 —Maine, Con- 
necticut, New York, New Jersey, and 
Indiana. 

41. Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) 
Trin. (Fig. 560.) Resembling JM. 
frondosa, the culms erect or ascend- 
ing, usually simple below, less freely 
branching, scaberulous below the 
nodes; blades lax, often 10 to 20 cm. 
long, mostly 2 to 4 mm. wide; pan- 
icles mostly long-exserted, narrow, 
the upper often 10 to 15 cm. long, of 
numerous short appressed densely 


flowered somewhat aggregate 
branches; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, 
glumes narrow, attenuate, awn- 


Figure 559.—Muhlenbergia sylvatica. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Conant, Mass.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


397 


Figure 560.—Muhlenbergia mexicana. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Deam 19225, Ind.) 


tipped, about equaling the pointed or 
awn-tipped lemma, the lemma long- 
pilose below. 2 (Described under 
M. foliosa in Manual, ed. 1. The 
name M. mexicana had long been mis- 
applied to the recently recognized M. 
frondosa (Poir.) Fernald.)—Moist 
thickets, low woods, and low open 
ground, Quebec and Maine to British 
Columbia and Washington, south to 
North Carolina, New Mexico, and 
California. 

MUHLENBERGIA MEXICANA forma 
AMBicua (Torr.) Fernald. Lemmas 
with an awn 4 to 10 mm. long. Q 
—Range of the species to North Da- 
kota; intergrading with forma setz- 
glumis in Indiana and westward. 

MUHLENBERGIA MEXICANA forma 
SETIGLUMIS (S. Wats.) Fernald. 2 
—Glumes with an awn | to 2 mm. 
long; lemma awned as in the preced- 
ing, the two scarcely distinct. 2 
—lIowa and South Dakota to Wash- 
ington, south to New Mexico and 
California. 

42. Muhienbergia schrebéri Gmel. 
NIMBLEWILL. (Fig. 561.) Culms slen- 
der, branching, spreading and de- 
cumbent at base, usually rooting at 
the lower nodes, but not forming defi- 
nite creeping rhizomes, the flowering 
branches ascending, 10 to 30 cm. long; 
blades flat, mostly less than 5 cm. 
long, and 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicles 
terminal and axillary, slender, loosely 
flowered, lax, nodding, 5 to 15 cm. 
long; glumes minute, the first often 


obsolete, the second rounded, 0.1 to 
0.2 mm. long; lemma narrow, some- 
what pubescent around the base, the 
body about 2 mm. long, the slender 
awn 2to 5mm. long. 2 —Damp 
shady places, New Hampshire to Wis- 
consin and eastern Nebraska, south 
to Florida and Texas; eastern Mex- 
ico. In spring and early summer the 
culms are short and erect with spread- 
ing blades, the plants being very dif- 
ferent in appearance from the flower- 
ing phase of fall. MUHLENBERGIA 
SCHREBERI var. PALUSTRIS (Scribn.) 
Scribn. Glumes developed as much as 
1 mm. long. 2  #—Washington, 
D.C.; Bull Run Mountains, Va. 

43. Muhlenbergia curtisetosa 
(Scribn.) Bush. (Fig. 562.) A little- 
known form, differing from M. 
schrebert in having stouter culms, 
coarser panicles, the glumes evident, 
rarely as much as 2 mm. long, the 
lemma 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the awn 1 
to 2) mm. lone. * 2 Delaware 
County, Pa., [linois (Clinton), Mis- 
souri (Hagle Rock). 

44. Muhlenbergia jonésii (Vasey) 
Hitche. (Fig. 563.) Perennial, closely 
tufted; culms erect, 20 to 40 cm. tall; 
leaves mostly basal, the numerous 
lower sheaths finally flattened and 
loose; ligule 2 to 4 mm. long; blades 
subfiliform, involute, scabrous; pan- 
icle narrow, 5 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches ascending, rather loosely 
flowered; spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long; 
glumes broad, scabrous-puberulent, 


398 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


rae 8 ee 
SASS 


FiaureE 561.—Muhlenbergia 
schreberi. Plant, X %; 
glumes and floret, X 10. 
(Curtiss 3400, Tenn.) 


about one-third as long as the spike- 
let, obtuse, often erose; lemma ob- 
scurely pubescent below, tapering to 
an acuminate or awned tip. 2 — 
Open ground, northeastern Califor- 
nia. 


Figure 562.—Muhlenbergia curtisetosa. Glumes and 
floret, X 10. (Wolf 30, Il.) 


Lo 
Ae 


HF SAE 
LEE LSS 
= 


fe 


— 


as 


(AF 
= 
= 


aed 
\ 


\ 
Dane 
NNR 
Y i 
Figure 563.—Muhlenbergia jonesii. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Austin 1230, Calif.) 


45. Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) 
Hitche. MouNTAIN MUHLY. (Fig. 564.) 
Perennial; culms densely tufted, 
erect, 15 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous, mostly basal, becoming flat 
and loose; blades flat to involute, 1 
to 2mm. wide; panicle narrow, rather 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


. YLIPL 
duc EZLZLGE- 


loose, 5 to 15 em. long, the branches 
ascending or appressed, floriferous 
from base; first glume acute, 1.5 mm. 
long, the second longer, broader, 3- 
nerved, 3-toothed; lemma 3 to 4 mm. 
long, pilose below, scaberulous above, 
the awn slender, flexuous, | to 1.5 
cm. long, sometimes shorter. 2 


(M. trifida Hack., M. gracilis of au-- 


thors, not Kunth.)—Canyons, mesas, 
and rocky hills, 2,000 to 3,000 m., 
Montana to Utah and central Cali- 
fornia, south to western Texas and 
southern Mexico. 

46. Muhlenbergia filicilmis Vasey. 
SLIMSTEM MUHLY. (Fig. 565.) Culms 


A 


Zz. 
L—_ 


399 


/ SE g 
> — ——~ Bors ae = 


Ficure 564.—Muhlenbergia montana. Plant, X 
1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Patterson 156, 
Colo.) 


densely tufted, erect, filiform, 10 to 20 
em. tall, the leaves in a short basal 
cluster; ligule prominent; blades in- 
volute, filiform, mostly less than 
5 em. long; panicle slender, the 
branches erect, mostly 2 to 5 cm. 
long, sometimes as much as 10 cm.; 
spikelets about 2.5 to 3 mm. long, the 
glumes about half as long, awn- 
tipped, the first rather narrow, acu- 
minate, the second broader, 3-nerved, 
sharply 3-toothed, rarely entire or 
erose only; lemma pubescent on the 
lower half, tapering to an awned tip, 
or rarely with an awn as much as 4 
mm. long. 2 —Open sandy or 


400 


Figure 565.—Muhlenbergia filvculmis. Panicle, X 1; 


glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


rocky soil, 2,000 to 3,000 m. altitude, 
Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, 
and Utah. 

47. Muhlenbergia virescéns (H. B. 
K.) Kunth. ScREWLEAF MUHLY. (Fig. 
566.) Perennial; culms densely tufted, 
erect, 40 to 60 cm. tall, the old basal 
sheaths flattened and more or less 
coiled; ligule, except the margin, deli- 
cate, 3 to 10 mm. long; blades flat or 
those of the innovations involute, 
mostly elongate and flexuous; panicle 
narrow but rather loose, 5 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches erect; spikelets, 
excluding awns, about 5 mm. long, 
the glumes slightly shorter, acute, the 
second 3-nerved; lemma and palea 
pubescent on the lower half, the lem- 
ma tapering into a slender flexuous 
awn 1 to 2 cm. long. 2 —Can- 
yons, rocky hills, and mesas, New 
Mexico and Arizona to central Mex- 
1CO. 

48. Muhlenbergia monticola Buckl. 
Mesa MUBLY. (Fig. 567.) Perennial; 
culms tufted, slender, erect or de- 
cumbent at base, 30 to 50 cm. tall, 
branching at the lower and middle 
nodes, leafy throughout; blades 3 to 
7 cm. long, narrow, flat, or soon 
involute; panicle soft, narrow, con- 
tracted, 5 to 10, sometimes to 20 
cm. long, the branches appressed or 
slightly spreading; spikelets, exclud- 
ing awns, about 3 mm. long, the 
glumes about two-thirds as_ long, 
subacute to obtuse and erose at tip; 
lemma pubescent at base and on 
lower half of margin, tapering into 
a delicate flexuous awn 1 to 2 cm. 
long. 2 —Rocky hills and can- 
yons, western Texas to Arizona and 
central Mexico. 

49, Muhlenbergia parviglimis 
Vasey. (Fig. 568.) Perennial, with 
the habit of M. monticola; blades on 
the average somewhat longer, 1 to 
3 mm. wide; panicle looser, the 
branches filiform, longer; glumes mi- 
nute, erose, subacute to truncate; 
lemma scaberulous only, tapering in- 


Ficure 566.—Muhlenbergia virescens. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Palmer 565, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 567.—Muhlenbergia monticola. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, 10. (Nealley 399, Tex.) 


to a delicate awn 2 to 3 cm. long. 
21 —Canyons, Texas, New Mexico, 
and northern Mexico; Cuba. 

50. Muhlenbergia pingens Thurb. 
(Fig. 569.) Perennial, with strong 
creeping rhizomes; culms tufted, erect 
from a decumbent leafy base, 20 to 
40 cm. tall, sometimes taller; blades 
short, involute, sharp-pointed; pan- 
icle long-exserted, open, oblong, 5 
to 15 cm. long; the main branches 
3 to 5, these dividing into fascicles 
of capillary finally spreading or di- 
varicate very scabrous branchlets; 
spikelets purple to brownish, 4 to 
39 mm. long, the glumes about one- 
third as long, scabrous, often erose 
or toothed, the midnerve extending 
into a short awn; lemma. terete, 
tapering into an awn about 1 mm. 
long; palea about as long as the lem- 
ma, the keels awn-tipped. 2} — 
Dry hills and sandy plains, South 
Dakota and Nebraska to Wyoming, 


401 


Figure 568.—M uhlenbergia parviglumis. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Vasey, Tex.) 


New Mexico, and Arizona. 

51. Muhlenbergia portéri Scribn. 
BusH MuHLY. (Fig. 570.) Perennial; 
culms woody or persistent at base, 
numerous, wiry, widely spreading or 
ascending through bushes, scaberu- 
lous, mostly branching from all the 
nodes, 30 to 100 cm. tall or more; 
sheaths smooth, spreading away from 
the branches, the prophylla con- 
spicuous; blades mostly about 1 mm. 
wide, flat, 2 to 8 cm. long, early 
deciduous from the sheaths; panicle 
5 to 10 cm. long, open, the slender 
branches and branchlets brittle, wide- 
ly spreading, bearing rather few 
long-pediceled spikelets; glumes nar- 
row, acuminate, slightly unequal, the 
second about 2 mm. long; lemma 
purple, acuminate, sparsely pubes- 
cent, 3 to 4 mm. long, with a delicate 
awheoetol2 mm, lene. 29) 6 ——Dry 
mesas and hills, canyons, and rocky 
deserts, western Texas to Colorado, 


402 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 569.—Muhlenbergia pungens. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Jones 6046, Utah.) 


Nevada, and southern California, 
south to northern Mexico. Known 
also as mesquite ‘grass and black 
erama. 

52. Muhlenbergia arizonica Scribn. 
(Fig. 571.) Perennial, in close tufts; 
culms slender, erect or decumbent at 
base, 15 to 40 cm. tall; sheaths 
keeled; ligule thin, 1 to 2 mm. long, 
decurrent; blades flat or folded, 
mostly less than 5 cm. long, 1 to 
2 mm. wide, the margins and mid- 
nerve white, cartilaginous; panicle 
open, 5 to 12 cm. long, 4 to 8 cm. 
wide, the branches capillary, com- 
pound; spikelets long-pedicellate, 
about 3 mm. long, the glumes about 
one-third as long, ovate, subacute; 
lemma narrowly lanceolate, minutely 
pubescent along the midnerve and 
margins below, the awn about | mm. 
long, from a minutely notched apex. 
2 —Stony hills, southern Arizona 
and northwestern Mexico. 


53. Muhlenbergia torréyi (Kunth) 
Hitche. ex Bush. Rinaarass. (Fig. 
572.) Perennial in loose tufts, with 
numerous innovations, the base de- 
cumbent or forming short rhizomes, 
the plants usually gregarious, some- 
times forming large patches or “fairy 
rings’; culms slender, 10 to 30 cm. 
tall; leaves in a short basal cluster; 
blades closely involute, usually 2 to 
3 cm. long, faleate or flexuous, form- 
ing a crisp curly cushion; panicle 
open, usually about half the entire 
length of the culm, commonly purple, 
the capillary branches finally spread- 
ing, the pedicels mostly as long as 
the spikelets or longer; spikelets about 
3 mm. long, the glumes, including 
the awn-tip, about two-thirds as 
long; lemma nearly glabrous, tapering 
into a delicate awn about 3 mm. long. 
2 (M. gracillima Torr.)—Plains, 
mesas, and dry hills, western Kansas 
and Wyoming to Texas and Arizona. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 570.—Muhlenbergia porteri. 
Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 
10. (Chase 5887, Tex.) 


54. Muhlenbergia arenicola Buckl. 
(Fig. 573.) Resembling M. torreyz; 
culms mostly 30 to 50 ecm. tall; 
blades usually straight and on the 
average longer; panicle larger, mostly 
pale, the branchlets and pedicels ap- 
pressed; spikelets slightly longer, the 
lemma scabrous, the awn 1 to 2 mm. 
long. 2 —Sandy plains and mesas, 
western Kansas to Arizona, south to 
northern Mexico. 

55. Muhlenbergia setifolia Vasey. 
(Fig. 574.) Perennial, tufted; culms 
erect, hard, wiry, 50 to 80 cm. tall; 
sheaths with erect auricles, 2 to 10 
mm. long; blades involute, fine, 
scarcely 0.5 mm. thick, very sca- 
brous, flexuous, as much as 20 cm. 


403 


long; panicle narrow, open, 10 to 30 
em. long, the capillary branches as- 
cending, flexuous; spikelets, excluding 
awns, about 5 mm. long, the glumes 
one-third to half as long, obtuse to 
subacute; lemma hairy on the callus, 
otherwise smooth, tapering into a 
flexuous awn 1.5 to 2 cm. long. 2 
—Rocky hills, western Texas and 
northern Mexico. 

56. Muhlenbergia xerophila C. O. 
Goodding. (Fig. 575.) Culms 45 to 90 
em. tall, densely tufted, glabrous or 
scaberulous; sheaths scaberulous; lig- 
ule 2 to 4 mm. long, obtuse; blades 
involute, 15 to 50 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 
mm. wide; panicle open (contracted at 
maturity), 15 to 35 cm, long, with cap- 


A04 


Figure 571.—Muhlenbergia arizonica. Plant, X 1; 


glumes and floret, X 10. (Griffiths 3368, Ariz.) 


MISC, PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


illary, flexuous, spreading branches; 
spikelets about 4 mm. long; glumes 
equal or subequal, 2 to 2.5 mm. or 
sometimes as much as 3 mm. long, 
acute or acuminate, scabrous or pub- 
escent; lemma 4 mm. long, scabrous, 
the callus appressed-pilose, the hairs 
about 1 mm. long, the delicate capil- 
lary awn 10 to 35 mm. long. 2 
—Canyons and rocky slopes, south- 
ern Arizona. 

57. Muhlenbergia metcalfei Jones. 
(Fig. 576.) Perennial, in close tufts; 
culms erect, 50 to 80 cm. tall; ligule 
3 to 15 mm. long, sometimes longer; 
blades involute, slender, flexuous, 
scabrous, sometimes only slightly so, 
not crowded at base; panicle narrow 
but somewhat loose, pale or slightly 
purplish, 15 to 40 cm. long, the 
branches usually naked at base; 
spikelets tapering to summit, about 
4 mm. long; glumes nearly equal, 
obtuse, a little less than half as long 
as spikelet; lemma scaberulous to- 
ward summit, the awn 3 to 10 mm. 
long. 2 —Rocky hills, Texas and 
New Mexico. 

58. Muhlenbergia dubia Fourn. 
PINE MUHLY. (Fig. 577.) Perennial, 
closely tufted; culms erect, hard and 
wiry at base, 30 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths with erect firm auricles, 4 to 
10 mm. long, rarely longer; blades 
involute, scabrous; panicle narrow, 
sometimes almost spikelike, grayish, 
10 to 30 cm. long, rarely longer; 
spikelets about 4 mm. long; glumes 
about half as long as the spikelet, 
minutely scaberulous, obtuse; lemma 
minutely scaberulous, with an awn 
as much as 4 mm. long, rarely acu- 
minate only. 2@ (VW. acuminata 
Vasey; Sporobolus ligulatus Vasey 
and Dewey.)—Canyons and rocky 
hills, up to 7,000 feet elevation, west- 
ern Texas, New Mexico, and northern 
Mexico. 

59. Muhlenbergia dubioides C. O. 
Goodding. (Fig. 578.) Culms 50 to 
100 cm. tall, densely tufted, erect; 


Figure 572.—Muhlenbergia torreyt. Plant, * 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Chase 5298, Colo.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Fievre 573.—Muhlenbergia arenicola. 
Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. 
(Hitchcock 13602, Tex.) 


ligule truncate, 1 to 2 mm. long; 
blades 15 to 50 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide, involute, glabrous, or sca- 
berulous below; panicle 15 to 35 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 cm. wide, densely flow- 
ered, the branches appressed; spike- 
lets about 4 mm. long; glumes sub- 
equal, 2 to 3 mm. long, acute, more 
or less erose, scaberulous; lemma, 3.5 
to 4 mm. long, the callus appressed- 
pilose with hairs 1 to 1.5 mm. long; 
awn straight, scabrous, 3 to 10 mm. 
long. 21 Canyons and_ rocky 
slopes, Santa Cruz and Pima Coun- 
ties, southern Arizona. 

60. Muhlenbergia expansa (DC.) 
Trin. (Fig. 579.) Resembling MM. 
capillaris, in denser tufts, the old 
basal sheaths forming a curly fibrous 
mass; blades narrow, flat, becoming 
involute; panicle relatively smaller, 
narrower, the capillary branches and 
branchlets mostly straight; spikelets 
3.9 to 5 mm. long, the glumes one- 
third to two-thirds as long, acute to 


405 


acuminate; lemma scaberulous, nearly 
glabrous at base, awnless or with an 
awn 2 to 3 mm. long, rarely longer. 
% (M. trichopodes Chapm.)—Moist 
pine barrens near the coast, Virginia 
to Florida and Texas. 

61. Muhlenbergia reverchoni Va- 
sey and Scribn. (Fig. 580.) Resem- 
bling M. expansa, culms more slender, 
foliage finer; glumes less than half as 
long as the lemma, subacute or erose; 
lemma with an awn 2 to 5 mm. long. 
21 —Rocky prairies, Texas and 
Oklahoma. 

62. Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam. ) 
Trin. (Fig. 581.) Perennial, in tufts; 
culms rather slender, erect, 60 to 100 
cm. tall; sheaths scaberulous, at least 
toward the summit, and with auricles 
mostly 3 to 5 mm. long; blades elon- 
gate, flat or involute, | to 4mm. wide, 
those of the innovations narrower, in- 
volute; panicle purple, oblong, diffuse, 
one-third to half the entire height of 
the culm, the branches capillary, flex- 


406 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 574.—Muhlenbergia setifolia. Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 13507, N. Mex.) 


uous, the branchlets and _ pedicels 
finally spreading; spikelets, excluding 
awns, 3 to 4 mm. long, the glumes 
one-fourth to two-thirds as long, 
acute, the second often short-awned; 
lemma scaberulous, minutely hairy on 
the callus and with a delicate awn 5 
to 15 mm. long. 2 —Rocky or 
sandy woods, Massachusetts to Indi- 
ana and Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas; West Indies, eastern Mexico. 

MUHLENBERGIA CAPILLARIS var. 
Fitipms (M. A. Curtis) Chapm. ex 
Beal. Culms stouter; blades mostly 
involute; glumes with delicate awns, 
mostly longer than the lemma; lemma 
with a delicate setaceous tooth each 
side of the awn. 2 (M. filipes M. 
A. Curtis.)—Moist pine barrens near 


the coast, North Carolina, Florida, 
Mississippi, and Texas. 

63. Muhlenbergia rigida (H. B. K.) 
Kunth. Purple MuHLY. (Fig. 582.) 
Perennial, densely tufted; culms erect, 
60 to 100 em. tall; leaves crowded at 
base, old sheaths persistent, the 
sheaths with auricles 2 to 5 mm., 
rarely longer; blades flat or soon in- 
volute, flexuous, those of the innova- 
tions involute; panicle dark purple, 
narrow, finally loose and open, 15 to 
30 cm. long, the capillary branches 
ascending, the lower as much as 10 
cm. long; spikelets, excluding awns, 
about 4 mm. long, the glumes from 
minute to about one-fourth as long, 
acute to erose-obtuse; lemma strongly 
nerved, hairy on the callus and with a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 407 


Fiaure 575.—Muhlenbergia xerophila. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Silveus 3477, Ariz.) 


ARMOR somewhat loose, erect, 20 to 40 cm. 
SiN ¢ long, the branches ascending or ap- 
\\ ih f pressed; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long; 

4\ fi 


glumes subequal, acutish, usually gla- 
brous; lemma usually about as long 
as the glumes, glabrous, awnless, 
rarely witha minuteawn. 2 (Hpi- 


=S 
SS ~ 


eS 
=——— 
we 
Sy 


SSS 


— — 


We. 
A, 
LAG, 
=S 
= 


— SST 


<< 
SS 
>—— 


SC 


SS 


SS 
a. ~ 
SS RRR 


flexuous awn 1 to 1.5 em. long. 2 
(M. berlandiert Trin.) — Rocky or 
gravelly soil, Texas to Arizona and 
northern Mexico. TAN 
64. Muhlenbergia longiligula 
Hitche. (Fig. 583.) Culms erect, about 
1 m. tall, the base hard, wiry, cylin- 
dric, the lower sheaths expanded; 
ligule (or auricle of sheath) firm, usu- 
ally about 1 em. long; blades as much 7 
as 50 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, flat rove §27-—Mullow,  Froune 578 Mullen 
to subinvolute, very scabrous, usually 1; glumes and floret, _icle, X 1; glumes and 


. : 2 10. Hitchcock fl F 10. (T ° 
drying involute; panicle narrow, $775, N. Me)” oC se 


= 


SSS = 
LG ZS AA 
7 Zz 
ate <r 
SSS 


FIGURE 579.—Muhlenbergia expansa. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Tracy 3701, Miss.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1.5 m. tall, the numerous overlapping 
lower sheaths keeled; ligule rather 
thin, elongate, mostly hidden in the 
folded base of the blade; blades elon- 
gate, firm, flat or usually folded, about 
3 mm. wide, scaberulous or glabrous; 
panicle narrow, pale, somewhat loose, 
erect, 20 to 40 cm. long, the branches 
ascending or appressed; spikelets 2.5 
to 3 mm. long; glumes acute to rather 
obtuse, scabrous-puberulent; lemma a 
little shorter to a little longer than the 
glumes, 38-nerved, glabrous or ob- 
scurely pubescent, awnless or rarely 
with an awn as much as 3 mm. long. 
21 —Rocky slopes, Texas. 

66. Muhlenbergia involita Swal- 
len. (Fig. 585.) Culms erect, densely 
tufted, 60 to 135 cm. tall; sheaths 
compressed-keeled, scabrous; ligule 
about 10 mm. long; blades elon- 
gate, involute, wiry, scabrous; panicle 
erect, narrow, 30 to 40 cm. long, the 
subcapillary branches ascending or 
appressed, naked toward the base, the 


Ficure 580.—Muhlenbergia reverchoni. Panicle 


campes ligulata Scribn., not Muhlen- 
bergia ligulata Scribn. and Merr.)— 
Canyons and rocky slopes, western 
New Mexico, Arizona, southern Ne- 
vada, and northern Mexico. 

65. Muhlenbergia lindheimeri 
Hitche. (Fig. 584.) Culms erect, 1 to 


, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Reverchon, Tex.) 


lower as much as 20 cm. long; spike- 
lets 3 to 4.5 mm. long; glumes acute 
or somewhat erose, scabrous, 2 to 2.5 
mm. long; lemma densely pubescent 
on the margin toward the very base, 
the minutely toothed apex awned 
from just below the teeth, the awn 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 409 


= 


Wh NWWIZ 
Wang) Ze 
Yf 


AY 


T/A 
, YE 7 
BSS 


WA a= 


Figure 581.— Muhlenbergia capillaris. Plant, X 14%; glumes and floret, X 10. (Scribner, Tenn.) 


410 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 582.—Muhlenbergia rigida. Panicle and ligule, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Metcalfe 1447, N. Mex.) 


\ 


Ss 
YS \ 
ANN Q 
LAS 


7 ANS 
SN 
. N VA 
| . WG 
h ) ) 
Wy NS ANOS a 
Figure 583.—Muhlenbergia longiligula. Panicle and 
ligule, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Jones, Ariz.) 


slender, 1.5 to 2mm. long. 2 — 
Canyons and ravines, southern Texas. 

67. Muhlenbergia emersléyi Va- 
sey. BuLucrass. (Fig. 586.) Culms 
in large clumps, erect, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall; sheaths glabrous, slightly sca- 
brous, compressed-keeled, especially 
those of the innovations; ligule softly 
membranaceous, | to 2 cm. long; 
blades flat or folded, scabrous, 1 to 4 
mm. wide, the lower as much as 50 
cm. long; panicle narrow but rather 
loose, erect or nodding, mostly 20 to 
40 cm. long, the branches ascending, 
more or less fascicled or whorled, 
naked below; spikelets 2.5 to 4 mm. 
long, often purplish; glumes thin, 
equal, acutish, scabrous; lemma about 


as long as the glumes, narrowed and 
scabrous above, villous below, with a 
delicate flexuous awn, about 1.5 cm. 
long, or sometimes awnless.§ 2 — 
Rocky woods and ravines, Texas to 
Arizona and Mexico. A good soil 
binder on steep slopes. 

68. Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) 
Hitche. Derrrarass. (Fig. 587.) 
Culms rather slender, stiffly erect, in 
small bunches, with a hard tough 
base, 1 to 1.5 m. tall; sheaths smooth 


———— 
SSS = 
— 


SES Z 
—<—— = 
— > 


LEASES 
SSS 


J 
; 
Ni 
\\ 
\! 


Zs 


LG 


<A 


SSS 


—— ——— 
— = 


yon. 
Cyr iat 


—<— 
SZ 
SS 
nal pt se APD +E 


Figure 584.—Muhlenbergia lindheimeri. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Fiaure 585.—Muhlenbergia involuta. Panicle and lig- 
ule, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


or slightly scabrous, mostly overlap- 
ping, the lower crowded, expanded, 
somewhat papery; ligule firm, trun- 
cate, 2 to 3 mm. long; blades scabrous, 
elongate, involute, tapering into a 
long slender point; panicle grayish or 


W\ 
VN AN 
\ Nil ii 


=— a 
SS SS Ze af 
= = 


NAV 
WLIW AA 
\ WwW) My 
My 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


WWW) 
det WOYE 


YI 
Lyi 
WHEE 
WY; 


GYZNWWL 
Vy 


411 


LZ 
A 
SS 


SS 
S&S 


= 


Fe Em 


SS 


a 


<=zZ 
— 
—< 


Ss 


SS 


—S— 


I 
<— 


=S= 
SSS 


FES 
[eZ 
ws 


=—— 


<A 


rn 
= 
——— 
Fie 


[ZZ 
—— 
= 


= 
ZF 


SS 


MW 
<<. 
' x 
2 = — 
= 


= 


Figure 587.—M uhlenbergia rigens. Spikelet and floret, 
xX 10. (Type collection.) 


} 
\ 


Yj ) 


' 
M4 


= 


if 


SS 


i 
\ 


FiGurRE 586.—Muhlenbergia emersleyi. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Wooton and Standley, N. Mex.) 


pale, slender, mostly spikelike, 20 to 
60 cm. long or more, the lower 
branches sometimes 5 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long, the 
glumes shorter than the lemma, from 
acute to obtuse or somewhat erose, 


scabrous-puberulent, rarely faintly 
3-nerved; lemma scaberulous, sparse- 
ly pilose at base, 3-nerved toward the 
narrowed summit, awnless. 2 
(Epicampes rigens Benth.)—Dry or 
open ground, hillsides, gullies, and 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


412 


—— 


SSS SSS = SS 
See Se SSS SS = S> 6 TO ee AF LLL 
SSSS5 —<ZPAZ2LEF FQ LL GPG LIPO GEL PO : 


Fieure 588. Muhlenbergia mundula, Plant, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Metcalfe 10, N. Mex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 413 


open forest, southern California. Used 
by Indians in basket making. 

69. Muhlenbergia mandula I. M. 
Johnston. (Fig. 588.) Similar to the 
preceding; ligule 1 to 2 mm. long; 
panicle similar, but lower branches 
not more than 4 cm. long; spikelets 
3 to 4 mm. long, the glumes shorter 
than the lemma or sometimes about 
equaling it. 2 (This and the next 
species included in M. rigens in Man- 
ual, ed. 1.)—Rocky canyons and gul- 
lies, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, 
and northern Mexico. This and the 
following doubtfully distinct from MV. 
rigens. Many intermediates are found. ’ 

70. Muhlenbergia marshii I. M. Ficure 589.—Muhlenbergia marshii. Glumes and 
Johnston. (Fig. 589.) Often smaller Houle os Ms i spole Golleeelos) 
than M. rigens, differing in the minute 
ligule and narrower, usually awn- Rocky stream banks and canyons, 
tipped glumes and lemma. 2 — ‘Texas and northern Mexico. 


83. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. DropsEEp 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes; glumes 
l-nerved, usually unequal, the second often as long as the spikelet; lemma 
membranaceous, l-nerved, awnless; palea usually prominent and as long as the 
lemma or longer; caryopsis free from the lemma and palea, falling readily 
from the spikelet at maturity, the pericarp free from the seed, usually thin and 
closely enveloping it, but readily slipping away when moist. Annuals or 
perennials, with small spikelets in open or contracted panicles. Type species, 
Sporobolus indicus. Name from Greek spora, seed, and ballein, to throw, 
alluding to the free seeds. In some species of this genus the palea splits at 
maturity, giving the impression of an extra lemma. The first glume is early 
deciduous in some species. The size of the spikelets is often variable in the 
same panicle. 

Most of the perennial species are palatable forage grasses, but few of them 
are abundant enough to be of importance. Two species of the Southwest, 
S. atroides and S. wrightii, are valuable grasses in the arid and semiarid 
regions; S. znterruptus is common on the Arizona Plateau; and the widely 
distributed S. cryptandrus is also important. The seed of S. fleruosus and S. 
cryptandrus have been used for food by the Indians. 


la. Plants annual. 
Panicles pyramidal, many-flowered, the lower branches verticillate. 
Spikelets appressed, short-pediceled, 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long; panicle branches densely 


HONE TEE Clete cee mech SMC INE Se ne aac ele aes 1. S. PULVINATUS. 
Spikelets spreading, long-pediceled, 1.8 to 2 mm. long; panicle branches loosely few- 
LL OWWIETG Ce teaeen ws NINE aioe Red nts Vie ony eee 2 Be el a i 2. S. PATENS. 
Panicles narrow, spikelike, few-flowered, usually included in the sheaths. 
emarmeapoubesce mitment cae wenn e er ue TP ae 3. S. VAGINIFLORUS. 
Wemanmavedialonousa med we el colin tae ee ee ee eh 4, §. NEGLECTUS. 


1b. Plants perennial. 
2a. Plants producing creeping rhizomes. Panicle narrow or spikelike. 
Rhizomes extensively creeping; leaves numerous, crowded, the blades involute, con- 
spicuously distichous; panicle spikelike............--..-.-.--..- 10. S. VIRGINICUS. 


414 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Rhizomes short; leaves not numerous nor crowded nor involute; panicle narrow but 
TOOSC 2a sot: Ske es es ee eer er 6. S. MACER. 
2b. Plants without creeping rhizomes. 
3a. Glumes nearly equal, much shorter than the lemma. Panicle narrow or spikelike. 
Panicle branches short and appressed, the panicle spikelike_......... 8. S. POIRETII. 
Panicle branches slender, ascending, the panicle scarcely spikelike.... 9. S. rnpIcUS. 
3b. Glumes unequal or if equal as long as the spikelet. 
4a. Spikelets mostly 3 to 7 mm. long. Plants usually less than 1 m. tall. 
Second glume shorter than the lemma; panicle contracted, more or less included in 


the sheath. 
Lemma glabrous, the palea not exceeding it_.....-.-...---- 5. S. ASPER. 
Lemma pubescent, the palea acuminate, exceeding it. 7. S. CLANDESTINUS. 


Second glume about as long as the lemma; panicle open (contracted in S. pur- 
purascens), not included. 

Branches of the narrow panicle in distinct whorls, usually less than 4 cm. long. 

Branches 2 to 3 cm. long, somewhat distant, more or less spreading, the panicle 


ODEN 5822 ee ee oe Pr ree eee la 17. S. JUNCEUS. 
Branches 1 to 2 em. long, ascending or appressed, overlapping, the panicle 
Contracted 2222 60 oA een 21 es ewe 18. S. PURPURASCENS. 


Branches of the open panicle not in distinct whorls, usually more than 4 cm. long. 
Spikelets short-pediceled and appressed along the main panicle branches. 


Spikelets about 4 mm. long, purplish...........-.--..--.- 14. §S. cURTISSII. 
Spikelets‘about 3mm. longpypale: £22 ee eee 30. S. THARPII. 
Spikelets not appressed, the branches and pedicels somewhat spreading. 
Blades terete est. Seen ee Edy - Silica tune ABR 15. SS. TERETIFOLIUS. 
Blades flat or folded. 
Glumes about equal, as long as the lemma............. 16. S. FLORIDANUS. 


Glumes unequal. 
Panicles 30 to 50 em. long, purple; culms mostly more than 1 m. tall. 
13. S. SILVEANUS. 
Panicles 10 to 20 em. long, gray or lead-colored; culms 30 to 70 cm. tall. 
Blades:elon gate: #22. -16 2a. iat ds eee ae eee 12. S. HETEROLEPIS. 
Blades mostly less than half as long as culm.... 11. S. INTERRUPTUS. 
4b. Spikelets 1 to 2.5 mm. long (sometimes 3 mm. in S. giganteus). 
5a. Lower panicle branches in distinct whorls, the mature panicle pyramidal; 
spikelets about mm), longs ssn eer Ses Be ee 19. S. PYRAMIDATUS. 
5b. Lower panicle branches not in distinct whorls (occasionally whorled in S. 
domingensis) ; spikelets 1.5 to 2.5 mm. long. 
6a. Basal sheaths compressed-keeled. Panicle branches few, widely spreading, 
naked for about one-third their length; spikelets 1.5 mm. long. 
26. S. BUCKLEYI. 
6b. Basal sheaths not compressed-keeled. 
7a. Sheaths with a conspicuous tuft of white hairs at summit. 
Culms robust, 1 to 2 m. tall; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long. 
25. S. GIGANTEUS. 
Culms more slender, mostly less than 1 m. tall; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long. 
Panicle open, often large, the branches and branchlets flexuous, the spike- 
lets loosely;arranced sees oe eee 22. S. FLEXUOSUS. 
Panicle open or compact, if open the spikelets crowded on the branchlets. 
Panicle, or the exserted portion, somewhat open, the branches naked 
below (sometimes entirely enclosed). 
Base.of planta close twit. 2-5 2. eee 21. S. cRYPTANDRUS. 
Base of plant a eluster of knotty rhizomes. Culms erect, slender, 
mostly less than 30 cm. tall; blades short, involute, spreading. 
23. S. NEALLEYI. 


Panicle compact, spikelike, usually exserted........ 24. S. CONTRACTUS. 
7b. Sheaths naked or nearly so at the summit. 
Pedicels:clonzate capillary... 2 ee ee eee 29. S. TEXANUS. 


Pedicels short. 
Panicle 1 to 2 times as long as wide, loose, the branches not crowded; 


blades mostlysumy lute: se ee eee eee 27. S. AIROIDES. 
aca more than 8 times as long as wide, relatively dense; blades mostly 
at. 


Panicle not more than 20 cm. long, usually smaller. 
20. S. DOMINGENSIS, 
Panicle commonly 50 cm. long, rarely as small as 25 or 30 cm. 
28. S. WRIGHTII. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


FieurE 590.—Sporobolus pulvinatus. Panicle, X 1; 
ype.) 


glumes and floret, X 10. (T 


d.) 


Figure 592.—Sporobolus vagini- 
florus. Plant, X 1; glumes and 


floret, X 10. (Deam 39615, than the lemma, truncate, minutely 


415 


Ficure 591.—Sporobolus patens. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


1. Sporobolus pulvinatus Swallen. 
(Fig. 590.) Culms 5 to 30 em. tall in 
small erect or spreading tufts; blades 
mostly 4 to 7 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide, lanceolate-acuminate, scabrous, 
the uppermost much reduced; pan- 
icles 2 to 5 or rarely to 8 cm. long, 
pyramidal, the branches erect to 
spreading, densely flowered, usually 
naked at the base; spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 
mm. long, appressed; first glume min- 
ute, the second as long as the spike- 
let, abruptly acute or subobtuse; 
lemma acute or subobtuse; palea 
broad, conspicuous, as long as the 
lemma. © -—Sandy land, Texas, 
New Mexico, and Arizona; northern 
Mexico. 

2. Sporobolus patens Swallen. (Fig. 
591.) Culms 10 to 25 em. tall, slender, 
erect; sheaths glabrous, sparsely his- 
pid at the throat, the uppermost elon- 
gate, almost bladeless; blades 1 to 
3.5 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, flat, 
scabrous on the margins; panicles 
pyramidal, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, the 
slender branches spreading or even 
reflexed, few-flowered, the branchlets 
abruptly spreading; spikelets 1.8 to 2 
mm. long, the _ pedicels slender, 
spreading, as much as 3 mm. long; 
first glume minute; second glume and 
lemma equal, acute; palea shorter 


416 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


dentate. © —Open dry ground, 
southern Arizona. 

3. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr.) 
Wood. (Fig. 592.) Annual, branching 
from base; culms erect to spreading, 
mostly 20 to 40 cm. tall, sometimes 
as much as 75 cm.; blades slender, 
subinvolute, the lower elongate; pan- 
icles terminal and axillary, slender, 
mostly not more than 3 cm. long, the 
terminal exserted or partly included, 
the axillary included in the sheaths or 
slightly exserted, late in the season 
the sheaths swollen and containing 
cleistogamous spikelets; glumes acute, 
about equal, 3 to 5 mm. long; lemma 
as long as the glumes or exceeding 
them, acute or acuminate, rather 
sparsely pubescent, sometimes mot- 
tled with dark spots; palea acuminate, 
sometimes longer than the lemma. 
© —Sandy soil or open waste 
ground, Maine and Ontario to Min- 
nesota and Nebraska, south to Geor- 
gia, Texas, and Arizona. 


Figure 593.—Sporobolus neglectus. 
Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, 
X 10. (Deam 33426, Ind.) 


—_—— 


Zs 


Figure 594.—Sporobolus asper. Plant 
; X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Deam 
42707, Ind.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


4. Sporobolus negléctus Nash. 
(Fig. 593.) Differing from S. vagini- 
florus chiefly in the smaller, paler, 
plumper spikelets, 2 to 3 mm. long, 
and in the glabrous lemma; lower 
blades often sparsely pilose; panicles 
usually entirely hidden in the more 
swollen sheaths. © —Dry open 
ground and sandy fields, Quebec and 
Maine to Montana, south to Virginia, 
Tennessee, and Texas; also Washing- 
ton and Arizona. A form from Mis- 
souri (Ozark Mountains), with rather 
strongly pilose leaves, has been differ- 
entiated as S. ozarkanus Fernald. 

5. Sporobolus Asper (Michx.) 
Kunth. (Fig. 594.) Perennial; culms 
erect, often rather stout, solitary or 
in small tufts, 60 to 120 cm. tall; 
blades elongate, flat, becoming invo- 
lute, | to 4 mm. wide at base, taper- 
ing to a fine point; panicle terminal 
and axillary, pale or whitish, some- 
times purplish, contracted, more or 
less spikelike, usually enclosed at base 
or sometimes entirely in the inflated 
upper sheath, 5 to 15 cm. long; spike- 
lets 4 to 6 mm. long; glumes rather 
broad, keeled, subacute, the first 
about half as long as the spikelet, the 
second two-thirds to three-fourths as 
long; lemma and palea subequal, gla- 
brous, the tip boat-shaped. 2 — 
Prairies and sandy meadows, Ver- 
mont to Montana, south to Louisiana 
and Arizona; eastern Washington. 

SPOROBOLUS ASPER var. PILOSUS 
(Vasey) Hitche. Sheaths and blades 
more or less pilose. 2 (S. pzlosus 
Vasey.)—Prairies and rocky hills, 
Kansas (Saline County and _ west- 
ward), Texas (Del Rio), and Mon- 
tana. 

SPOROBOLUS ASPER var. HOOKERI 
(Trin.) Vasey. Less robust, the more 
slender, fewer flowered, panicle looser; 
spikelets usually smaller, 3 to 5 mm. 
long. 2 (S. atlenwatus Nash; S. 
drummondi Vasey.)—Plains, Mis- 
souri, Kansas, Mississippi, Texas, and 
Oklahoma. Foliage rarely somewhat 
villous. 

6. Sporobolus macer (Trin.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 595.) Perennial, with 


Figure 595.—Sporobolus macer. Plant, X %; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Chase 4341, Miss.) 


short scaly rhizomes; culms erect, 50 
to 70 cm. tall; blades flat, 10 to 20 
cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, sometimes 
wider, pilose on the upper surface 
near base and at the throat of the 
sheath; panicle narrow, often en- 
closed at base, 5 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches erect; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. 


aa 


Figure 596.—Sporobolus clan- 
destinus. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. 
4265, Fla.) 


(Chase 


long, the glumes keeled, the first 
about two-thirds as long, the second 
a little longer than the first; lemma 
and palea subequal, the tips boat- 
shaped. 21 —Wet pineland, Okla- 
homa, Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
Texas. Except for the rhizomes this 
species resembles S. asper var. hookerv. 

7. Sporobolus clandestinus 
(Bieler.) Hitche. (Fig. 596.) Peren- 
nial; culms relatively stout to slender, 
erect to spreading, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
lower sheaths sometimes pilose; 
blades flat, becoming involute, with 
a long fine point; panicle narrow, con- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


tracted, 5 to 10 cm. long, usually 
partly enclosed; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. 
long, the glumes keeled, acute or sub- 
acute, the first more than half as long 
as the spikelet, the second longer than 
the first; lemma sparsely appressed- 
pubescent, acuminate, the palea 
longer, sometimes as much as 10 mm. 
long. 2 (GS. canovirens Nash.)— 
Sandy fields, pine barrens, hills, and 
prairies, Connecticut to Wisconsin 
and Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas. 

8. Sporobolus poirétii (Roem. and 
Schult.) Hitche. Smuterass. (Fig. 
597.) Perennial; culms erect, solitary 
or in small tufts, 30 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades flat to subinvolute, rather 
firm, 2 to 5 mm. wide at base, elon- 
gate, tapering to a fine point; panicle 
usually spikelike but more or less in- 
terrupted, 10 to 40 cm. long, the 
branches appressed or ascending; 
spikelets about 2 mm. long; glumes 
obtuse, somewhat unequal, about 
half as long as the spikelet or less; 
lemma acutish, 2 (Sporobolus 
berteroanus (Trin.) MHitche. and 
Chase.)—Open ground and waste 
places, Virginia to Tennessee and 
Oklahoma, south to Florida, Texas, 
and the warmer parts of America to 
Argentina; on ballast in Oregon and 
New Jersey; tropical Asia, apparently 
introduced in America. At maturity 
the extruded reddish caryopses re- 
main for some time sticking to the 
panicle by the mucilaginous pericarp. 
Often affected with a black fungus. 
This species has been referred to the 
Australian S. elongatus R. Br., which 
seems to be distinct, differing in its 
looser panicle. 

9. Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. 
(Fig. 598.) Resembling S. porretiz, 
but the blades more slender, espe- 
cially at base, and the panicle branches 
longer, more slender, less densely 
flowered, loosely ascending to some- 
what spreading, the panicle not spike- 
like. @—Punta Gorda, Fla.; bal- 
last, Mobile, Ala.; tropical America. 

10. Sporobolus’ virginicus  (L.) 
Kunth. (Fig. 599.) Perennial, with 


oS 


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Ze! 
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yet g 
, el a mt 7 =F er IEE 
SN eS 
S r 


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EELETDG 


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iy 
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i) 
\Z' 
Ny 


een “, , 
EEE EY, 7 ; “ec gi e 
NS Sips As S be tis ~ a 
A : 
Sag 6 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 597.—Sporobolus poiretii. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Chase 7043, Fla.) 


numerous branching widely creeping 
slender rhizomes (yellowish in dry- 
ing); culms erect, 10 to 40 cm. tall; 
sheaths overlapping, more or less 


pilose at the throat; blades flat or 
becoming involute especially toward 
the fine point, conspicuously distich- 
ous, mostly less than 5 cm. long or 


419 


420 


& 


filie2___ 
SIL eae 


==) 
5, ate ; 


let and floret, X 10. (Léon 867, Cuba.) 


on the innovations longer; panicle 
pale, contracted or spikelike, 2 to 8 


Figure 599.—Sporobolus virginicus. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Nash 2467, Fla.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


em. long, 5 to 10 mm. thick; spike- 
lets 2 to 2.6 mm. long; glumes and 
lemma about equal. 2 —Sandy 
or muddy seashores and saline marsh- 
es, forming extensive colonies, with 
relatively few flowering culms, south- 
eastern Virginia (Gronovius, FI. Virg.) 
to Florida and Texas, south through 
the West Indies to Brazil. Readily 
grazed where available. A robust 
form (called S. littoralis (Lam.) 
Kunth), with culms as much as 1 
m. tall and panicles as much as 15 
em. long, is found in the West Indies 
and extends into Florida. Complete 
intergradations are found, and the 
type specimen is not the robust form. 

11. Sporobolus interriiptus Vasey. 
BLACK DROPSEED. (Fig. 600.) Peren- 
nial, densely tufted; culms erect, 30 
to 60 cm. tall, the leaves crowded at 
base, about 2 on the culm; sheaths 
more or less pilose; blades flat or 
folded, sparsely pilose to glabrous, 
1 to 2mm. wide; panicle 10 to 20 cm. 
long, brownish-leaden, the branches 
distant, finally spreading, naked 
at base; spikelets about 6 mm. long, 
short-pediceled; glumes acute, the 
first 2 to 3 mm., the second 4 to 6 
mm. long; lemma and palea acute, 
about equal. 2 -—Grassy plains 
and hills, Arizona. The second glume 
and lemma may have wrinkles toward 
the summit that look like nerves. 

12. Sporobolus heterdlepis (A. 
Gray) A. Gray. PRAIRIE DROPSEED. 
(Fig. 601.) Perennial, in dense tufts; 
culms erect, slender, 30 to 70 cm. 
tall; sheaths somewhat pilose at the 
throat, the lower sometimes sparsely 
pilose on the back; blades elongate, 
flat, becoming involute at the slender 
attenuate tip, 2 mm. or less wide; 
panicle, 5 to 20 cm. long, the branches 
ascending or spreading, 3 to 6 cm. 
long, naked below, few-flowered above; 
spikelets grayish; glumes acuminate, 
the first 2 to 4 mm. long, the second 
4 to 6 mm. long; lemma shorter than 
the second glume, palea slightly 
longer than the lemma; caryopsis 
globose, nutlike, nearly 2 mm. thick, 
finally splitting the palea. 2 — 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Prairies, Quebec to Saskatchewan, 
south to Connecticut, eastern Texas, 
and Colorado. 

13. Sporobolus silveanus Swallen. 
(Fig. 602.) Culms 85 to 115 em. tall, 
densely tufted, erect, scabrous;sheaths 
glabrous or scaberulous, pubescent 
on the collar, the uppermost elongate, 
the lower shiny, becoming more or 
less papery with age; blades as much 
as 45 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, 
usually involute, curved or flexuous; 
panicles 30 to 50 cm. long, the as- 
cending branches rather distant, few- 
flowered, naked at the base; spikelets 
5 to 6 mm. long, purple; first glume 
3 to 4.5 mm. long, the second 4.5 to 
6 mm. long; lemma subacute; palea 
as long as the lemma, the keels ob- 
scure. 2 —Open woods, western 
Louisiana and eastern Texas. 

14. Sporobolus curtissii (Vasey) 
Small ex Scribn. (Fig. 603.) Peren- 
nial, in dense tufts; culms slender, 
30 to 70 cm. tall; basal sheaths pilose 
at the throat; blades flat or folded, 
flexuous, about 1 mm. wide, pilose 
on the upper surface near the base; 
panicle pyramidal, open, 7 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches solitary or in twos, 
ascending; spikelets appressed along 
the main branches, bronze or pur- 
plish, about 4.5 mm. long; glumes 
about equal, acuminate, as long as 
or longer than the lemma and palea. 
2| —Dry pine barrens, North Caro- 
lina to Florida. 

15. Sporobolus teretifolius Harper. 
(Fig. 604.) Perennial, in tufts; culms 
erect, wiry, 60 to 80 cm. tall, sheaths 
pilose at the throat; blades elongate, 
slender, terete, wiry, flexuous, pilose 
on the upper surface at base; panicle 
pyramidal, open, 15 to 20 cm. long, 
the capillary branches, branchlets, 
and pedicels ascending to spreading; 
spikelets purplish brown, 4 to 5 mm. 
long; glumes acute, the first half as 
long, the second as long as the equal 
lemma and palea. 2 —Moist pine 
barrens, North Carolina and Georgia. 

16. Sporobolus floridanus Chapm. 
(Fig. 605.) Plants more robust than 
SMICUnUISSi™ as much as 1m. tall: 


421 


Figure 600.—Sporobolus interruptus. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Rusby, Ariz.) 


sheaths keeled, the basal ones some- 
what pilose at throat, the base in- 
durate and shining, blades folded at 
base, usually flat above, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide, abruptly narrowed at apex; 
panicle narrow, open, 15 to 35 cm. 
long, the branches and_ branchlets 
ascending; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


422 


\) 
— = f } 
=~ WN Ya} 


= —= oS BEN 
SS SAWCT 


ep etele = 
Seas 
S) Pas 
Sx” aR 
Ss .b2xd 
NHoas 

aq 2H 
|= 3 
Pig TA 
— Ago 
Oo 8 Ws 
O's QE 

Sit 
2 : 
ASD 0O 
BS raiere 
PVwand 
Gx SX 
Ey 


Ye? 
oN 
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can mye 


(lance 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 423 


Figure 602.—Sporobolus silveanus. Panicle, X 1; glumes and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 603.—Sporobolus curtissit. Panicle, X 1 


glumes and floret, X 10. (Bitting 1050, Fla.) 


glumes acute, subequal, about as 
long as the lemma and palea. 2 
—Low pine barrens, North Carolina 
to Florida. 

17. Sporobolus jinceus (Michx.) 
Kunth. (Fig. 606.) Perennial, in 
dense bunches; culms erect, slender, 
about 3-noded, 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
blades folded or involute, slender, — 
glabrous; panicle mostly bronze 
brown, oblong or narrowly pyramidal, 
open, 7 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 5 cm. 
wide, the flexuous branches (2 to 3 
em. long) in rather regular whorls 
1 to 3 cm. apart, widely spreading 
to ascending, naked at base, the 
short-pediceled spikelets appressed 
along the upper part; spikelets about 
3 mm. long; first glume about half 
as long, the second glume as long as 
the acute lemma or a little longer. 
Ol (Ssgracies urin. )al\verr.)—— lime 
barrens of the Coastal Plain, south- 
eastern Virginia to Florida and Texas. 
Common in the high pineland of 
Florida. 

18. Sporobolus purpurascens 
(Swartz) Hamilt. (Fig. 607.) Re- 


424 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 604.—Sporobolus teretifolius. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Harper 677, Ga.) 


sembling S. junceus; blades flat or 
folded, 1 to 3 mm. wide; panicle 10 
to 15 cm. long, more contracted than 
in S. gunceus, the shorter branches 
numerous in the whorls, ascending 
or appressed, floriferous nearly to 
the base; spikelets about as in S. jun- 
ceus, greenish purple. 2 —Sandy 


prairies, southern Texas and eastern 
Mexico; West Indies to Brazil. 

19. Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 608.) Perennial, in 
spreading or prostrate tufts; culms 
10 to 40 cm. tall; leaves crowded at 
the base, the sheaths pilose at the 
throat; blades flat, mostly less than 
10 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, sparsely 
long-ciliate toward the base; panicle 
pale, pyramidal, 3 to 7 cm. long, 
rarely longer, the branches spreading, 
somewhat viscid, 1 to 3 cm. long, 
naked below, closely flowered above, 
the lowermost in a distinct whorl; 
spikelets a little more than 1 mm. 


Figure 605.—Sporobolus floridanus. X 10. (Curtiss 
4054, Fla.) 


Figure 606.—Sporobolus junceus. Panicle, X 1; 


glumes and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 4056, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


long; first glume minute, the second 
as long as the lemma and palea. 2 
GS. argutus Kunth.) —Sandy or 
gravelly soil, especially along streets 
and along the seashore and in the 
interior in alkaline soil, Kansas and 
Colorado to Louisiana and Texas; 
southern Florida; tropical America. 

20. Sporobolus domingénsis 
(Trin.) Kunth. (Fig. 609.) Perennial; 
culms erect, 20 to 100 cm. tall; leafy 
at base; blades rather firm, mostly 
5 to 20 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, 
drying subinvolute, panicle pale, most- 
ly 10 to 15 em. long, the branches 
ascending or appressed; spikelets 


FiGuRE 607.—Sporobolus purpurascens. Panicle, X lie 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock, Tex.) 


425 


Figure 608.—Sporobolus pyramidatus. Panicle, X 1; 
glumes and floret, & 10. (Hitchcock 5343 , Tex.) 


—— Sia 
A 
= . 


SS 


ae: 


\ Ny 4 


if 


SS 
ary Be 
Zs 


—_ = < ——_ 
ane 


Figure 609.—Sporobolus domingensis. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 530, Fla.) 


about 2 mm. long, the first glume 
half as long. 2 —Coral sand and 
rocks along the coast of southern 
Florida, mostly on the Keys, north 
to Sanibel Island; West Indies. 

21. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) 
A. Gray. SAND DROPSEED. (Fig. 610.) 
Perennial, usually in rather small 
tufts; culms erect or spreading, some- 
times prostrate, 30 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths with a conspicuous tuft of 
long white hairs at summit; blades 
flat, 2 to 5 mm. wide, more or less 
involute in drying, tapering to a 
fine point; panicles terminal and 
axillary, usually included at base, 
sometimes entirely included, the well- 


426 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Ficure 610.—Sporobolus cryptandrus. Plant, X 4%; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Shear 253, Nebr.) 


developed terminal panicles open, as_ rather distant, naked at base, as 
much as 25 cm. long, the branches much as 8 cm. long or even more, 
spreading or sometimes reflexed, the spikelets crowded along the upper 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


part of the main branches; spikelets 
from pale to leaden, 2 to 2.5 mm. 
long; first glume one-third to half 
as long, the second about as long 
as the acute lemma and palea. 2 
—Sandy open ground, Maine and 
Ontario to Alberta and Washington, 
south to North Carolina, Indiana, 
Louisiana, southern California, and 
northern Mexico. 

22. Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb.) 
Rydb. Musa DROPSEED. (Fig. 611.) 
Resembling S. cryptandrus, differing 
in the more open often elongate pan- 
icles, the slender branches and branch- 
lets spreading or drooping, flexuous, 
loosely flowered. 2 —Mesas, 
western Texas to southern Utah, Ne- 
vada, southern California, and north- 
ern Mexico. 

23. Sporobolus nealléyi Vasey. 
NEALLEY DROPSEED. (Fig. 612.) Re- 
sembling dwarf forms of S. cryptan- 
drus, but differing in the loose rhi- 
zomatous base; culms slender, erect, 
15 to 40 cm. tall; blades slender, in- 
volute, squarrose-spreading, mostly 
less than 5 em. long; panicle delicate, 
open, 3 to 8 cm. long, sometimes en- 
closed in the sheaths, the branches 


==> 4 
‘y 
4 


3 
Qq 
ss 
v5 
% 
SA 
= 


$e = 


ON RQ 


— 


WN . 
ue, r - : = = 
of US ae 


Figure 611.—Sporobolus flexuosus. Plant, X %; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Vasey, N. Mex.) 


427 


Figure 612.—Sporobolus nealleyi. Panicle, X 4; 


glumes and floret, X 10. (Nealley, Tex.) 


Figure 613.—Sporobolus con- 
tractus. Panicle, X 4%; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Pringle, 
Ariz.) 


and branchlets spreading, the spike- 
lets less crowded than in S. cryptan- 
drus. 21 —Gypsum sands, western 
Texas, Nevada, New Mexico and 
Arizona. 

24. Sporobolus contractus Hitchce. 
SPIKE DROPSEED. (Fig. 613.) Differing 
from S. cryptandrus in the spikelike 
panicle as much as 50 cm. long, usually 


428 


f= 
<a 
Ra 
Sse 


ZZ, 2 bE 
BP yep Leb BE on y Mi deen 


Figure 614.—Sporobolus giganteus. Panicle, X %; 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Nealley, Tex.) 


included at the base, rarely entirely in- 
cluded in the sheath. 2 (S. strictus 
Merr.)—Mesas, dry bluffs, and sandy 
fields, Arkansas, Colorado to Nevada, 
south to western Texas, southeastern 
California, and Sonora; adventive in 
Maine. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


25. Sporobolus gigantéus Nash. 
GIANT DROPSEED. (Fig. 614.) Resem- 
bling S. eryptandrus and S. contractus; 
culms 1 to 2 m. tall, erect, robust: 
blades as much as 1 cm. wide: - panicle 
usually thicker than in S. contr actus, 
less spikelike; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. 
long. 2 —Mesas and sandhills, 
Oklahoma and western Texas to Colo- 
rado and Arizona. 

26. Sporobolus buckléyi Vasey. 
(Fig. 615.) Perennial, the base 
strongly compressed; culms erect, 
slender, 40 to 80 cm. tall; sheaths 
keeled, "pubescent on the margin and 
collar; blades flat, 4 to 7 mm. wide; 
panicle open, 10 to 30 cm. long, the 
slender branches widely spreading, as 
much as 10 cm. long, solitary, rather 
distant, naked below, with closely 
flowered short-appressed branchlets 
above; spikelets about 1.5 mm. long; 
elumes narrow, the first a little 
shorter, the second a little longer than 
the acute lemma; palea about as long 
as the lemma, splitting as the grain 


(1 mm. long) ripens. 2 —Texas 
and eastern Mexico. 
27. Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) 


Torr. ALKALI SACATON. (Fig. 616.) 
Perennial, in large tough bunches; 
culms erect to spreading, 50 to 100 
cm. tall; sheaths pilose at the throat; 
ligule pilose; blades elongate, flat, 
soon becoming involute, usually less 
than 4 mm. wide, often flexuous; pan- 
icle nearly half the entire height of 
the plant, at maturity half to two- 
thirds as wide as long, the stiff slen- 
der branches and branchlets finally 
widely spreading, naked at base, the 
spikelets aggregate along the upper 
half to two-thirds; spikelets 2 to 2.5 
mm. long, the first glume about half 
as long, commonly falling toward 


FiauRE 615.—Sporobolus buckleyr. Panicle, X 4%; glumes and floret, X 10. (Nealley, Tex.) 


429 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Sporobolus airoides. Plant, X 144; glumes and floret, X 10. (Metcalfe, N. Mex.) 


Figure 616. 


430 


Xs 


Figure 617.—Sporobolus wrightit. Panicle, 
glumes and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 3648, Ariz.) 


maturity; second glume, lemma, and 
palea about equal, the palea splitting 
as the grain ripens. 2 —Meadows 
and valleys, especially in moderately 
alkaline soil, South Dakota and Mis- 
souri to eastern Washington, south to 
Texas and southern California; Mex- 
ico. Mature spikelets with the first 
glume fallen and the palea split to 
the base are puzzling to the beginner. 
Less mature complete spikelets will 
usually be found at the base of the 
panicle. A good forage grass in al- 
kaline regions; often called bunch- 
grass. 

28. Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex 
Scribn. Sacaton. (Fig. 617.) Peren- 
nial, in large dense tufts; culms ro- 
bust, erect, firm and hard, 1 to 2 m. 
tall; sheaths sparsely pilose at the 
throat; ligule pilose; blades elongate, 
flat, involute in drying, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide; panicle pale, narrow, open, 
mostly 30 to 60 cm. long, the branches 
crowded, straight, stiffly ascending, 
the branchlets appressed, closely flow- 
ered from the base or nearly so; spike- 
lets 2 to 2.5 mm. long, the first glume 
about one-third as long, the second 
two-thirds to three-fourths as long, 
acute; lemma and palea about equal. 
2 —Mesas and valleys, southern 
and western Texas and Oklahoma to 
southern California and central Mex- 
ico. Useful for grazing when young; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


also furnishes hay and makes good 
winter range. 

29. Sporobolus texanus Vasey. 
(Fig. 618.) Perennial, in close hemi- 
spherical tufts; culms erect to spread- 
ing, slender, wiry, 30 to 50 cm. tall; 
sheaths pilose at the throat, the lower 
often papillose-pilose on the surface; 
blades flat, involute in drying, mostly 
less than 10 cm. long, 1 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle open, rather diffuse, 
breaking away at maturity, 15 to 30 
cm. long, about as wide, the capillary 
scabrous branches, branchlets, and 
long pedicels stiffly spreading; spike- 
lets about 2.5 mm. long, the first 
glume acute, one-third to half as long, 
the second, acuminate, slightly ex- 
ceeding the acute lemma and palea, 
the palea early splitting 2 — 
Mesas, valleys, and salt marshes, 
Kansas and Colorado to Texas and 
Arizona. 


Ficure 618.—Sporobolus texanus. Panicle, X %; 
glumes and floret with caryopsis, X 10. (Nealley, 
Tex.) 


30. Sporobolus tharpii Hitche. 
(Fig. 619.) Perennial, densely tufted; 
culms 60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous, the lower firm, loose, shining; 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 431 


blades elongate, involute, flexuous, 
about 1 mm. thick, tapering to a long 


Fiaure 619.—S porobolus tharpii. Panicle, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 620. — Blepharoneuron 
tricholepis. Plant, X 4; 
glumes and floret, X 10. 
(Shear 1182, Colo.) 


432 


fine point, long-ciliate at base; pan- 
icle open, as much as 30 cm. long, 
the branches stiffly ascending, the 
lower as much as 15 cm. long; spike- 
lets appressed along the nearly simple 
branches and branchlets, about 3 mm. 
long; first glume narrow, acuminate, 
about half as long as the spikelet, the 
second glume, lemma, and _ palea 
acute, about equal. 2 —Known 
only from Padre Island, Tex. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U 


84. BLEPHARONEURON Nash 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes; 
glumes subequal, rather broad; lemma 
3-nerved, the nerves densely silky 
villous; palea densely villous be- 
tween the two nerves. Tufted peren- 
nial, with open, narrow panicles. 
Type species, Blepharoneuron tricho- 
lepis. Name from Greek blepharis, 
eyelash, and neuron, nerve, alluding 
to the villous nerves of the lemma. 

1. Blepharoneuron  trichdélepis 
(Torr.) Nash. HAtRY DROPSEED (Fig. 
620.) Culms erect, densely tufted, 
slender, 20 to 60 cm. tall; leaves 
crowded on the innovations, mostly 
less than half as long as the culm, the 
slender blades flat, soon becoming in- 


. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


volute, often flexuous; panicle gray- 
ish, elliptic, 5 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 
5 cm. wide, many-flowered, the 
branches ascending, the pedicels cap- 
illary, flexuous; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. 
long; glumes obtuse or subacute, a 
little shorter than the abruptly 
pointed lemma; palea slightly ex- 
ceeding the lemma. 2 —Rocky 
slopes and dry open woods, 2,000 to 
3,000 m., Colorado to Utah, south 
to Texas, Arizona, and Mexico. Pal- 
atable and sufficiently abundant in 
places to be of importance. 


85. CRYPSIS Ait. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating 
below the glumes; glumes about 
equal, narrow, acute; lemma broad, 
thin, l-nerved; palea similar to the 
lemma, about as long, splitting be- 
tween the nerves; fruit readily falling 
from the lemma and palea, the seed 
free from the thin pericarp (easily re- 
moved when wet). Spreading annual, 
with capitate inflorescences in the 
axils of a pair of broad spathes, these 
being enlarged sheaths with short 
rigid blades. Type species, Crypsis 
aculeata (L.) Ait. Name from Greek 
krupsis, concealment, alluding to the 
partially hidden inflorescence. 


Figure 621.—Crypsis niliaca. Plant, X 4%; glumes and floret, X 10. (Brandegee, Calif.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


1. Crypsis niliaca Fig. and De 
Not. (Fig. 621.) Freely branching, 
prostrate, the mats to 30 cm. in diam- 
eter, often depauperate, 2 to 3 cm. 
wide; sheaths tuberculate, the sum- 
mit bearded; blades flat, involute 
toward the apex, 2 to 5 cm. long, 
spreading, readily falling from the 
sheaths, mature plants mostly blade- 
less; glumes about 3 mm. long, mi- 
nutely pilose; lemma and palea about 
as long as the glumes, the broad palea 
readily splitting between the nerves. 
(Described under C.. aculeata in Man- 
ual, ed. 1.) © —Overflowed land, 
dried mud flats, sand bars, and wet 
alkali ground, Sacramento and San 
Joaquin Valleys and in Humboldt, 
Santa Clara, and Los Angeles Coun- 
ties, Calif. Introduced; first found at 
Norman, Glenn County, and in alkali 
hollow, Colusa County, in May 1898, 
the source of the seed not known. The 
' grass is slowly spreading, the latest 
collection being made in Santa Clara 
County in 1942. Egypt and south- 
western Asia. 


86. HELEOCHLOA Host ex Roemer 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla 
mostly disarticulating above the 
glumes; glumes about equal, narrow, 
acute; lemma broader, thin, l-nerved, 
a little longer than the glumes; palea 
nearly as long as the lemma, readily 
splitting between the nerves. Low 
spreading tufted annuals with oblong, 
dense, spikelike panicles, the subtend- 
ing leaves with inflated sheaths and 
reduced blades. Type species, Heleo- 
chloa alopecuroides. Name from Greek 
helos, marsh, and chloa grass, allud- 
ing to the habitat of the type species. 

1. Heleochloa schoenoides_ (L.) 
Host. (Fig. 622, A.) Culms tufted, 
branching, erect to spreading ‘and 
geniculate, 10 to 30 cm. long; sheaths 
often somewhat inflated; blades flat, 
with involute slender tips, mostly less 
than 10 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide; 
panicle pale, 1 to 4 cm. long, 8 to 
10 mm. thick; spikelets about 3 mm. 


433 


long; pericarp readily separating. © 
—Waste places, Massachusetts to 
Wisconsin, south to Delaware, Ohio, 
Illinois, and Iowa; California; intro- 
duced from Europe. 

Heleochloa alopecuroides (Pill. and 
Mitterp.) Host. (Fig. 622, B.) Differ- 
ing from H. schoenoides in the more 
slender panicles, 4 to 5 mm. thick, ex- 
serted at maturity; spikelets about 2 
mm. long. © —Ballast, Philadel- 
phia, Pa., and near Portland, Oreg.; 
Europe. 


87. BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes, 
prolonged behind the palea as a 
slender naked bristle; glumes minute, 
the first often obsolete, the second 
sometimes awned; lemma firm, nar- 
row, 5-nerved, the base extending 
into a pronounced oblique callus, the 
apex terminating in a long straight 
scabrous awn. Erect, slender peren- 
nials with short slender knotty rhi- 
zomes, flat blades, and narrow, rather 
few-flowered panicles. Type species, 
Brachyelytrum erectum. Name from 
Greek brachus, short, and elutron, 
cover or husk, alluding to the short 
olumes. 

1. Brachyelytrum eréctum 
(Schreb.) Beauv. (Fig. 623.) Culms 
60 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths sparsely 
retrorse-hispid, rarely glabrous; blades 
mostly 7 to 15 em. long, 1 to 1.5 
cm. wide, scabrous, sparingly pilose 
beneath, at least on the nerves and 
margin; panicle 5 to 15 em. long, the 
short branches appressed; second 
glume 0.5 to 2 mm. long; lemma 
subterete, about 1 cm. long, sca- 
brous, the nerves sometimes hispid, 
the awn 1 to 3 cm. long. 2 — 
Moist or rocky woods, Newfoundland 
to Minnesota, south to Georgia, 
Louisiana, and Oklahoma. Plants 
with lemmas scabrous only toward 
the summit and on the nerves have 
been named B. erectum var. septen- 
trionale Babel. 


434 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 622.—A, Heleochloa schoenoides. Plant, X 4%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Smith, Pa.) B, H. alopecuroides, 
5 CBurk ba.) , 


88. MILIUM L. obtuse, membranaceous, rounded on 
Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulat- the back; lemma a little shorter than 
ing above the glumes; glumes equal, the glumes, obtuse, obscurely nerved, 


435 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


glumes of two spikelets, and floret, < 5. 


(Bissell, Conn.) 


Figure 623.—Brachyelytrum erectum. Plant, X 16; branchlet with 


436 


rounded on the back, dorsally com- 
pressed, in fruit becoming indurate, 
smooth and shining, the margins en- 
closing the lemma as in Panicum. 
Moderately tall grasses with flat 


blades and open panicles. Type 
a Z 
b NY I 
SEES 
WS 
IK 4 ey 
“ORF LP 
A e 
es BAS 
yw 
Ree, Zk 
K_ as 


a \\' 
we 
YS 


Vi 


= 
Sk ee 


Ss 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


species, Miliwm effusum. Milium, old 
Latin name for millet. 

1. Milium effaisum L. (Fig. 624.) 
Smooth perennial, somewhat suc- 
culent; culms slender, erect from a 
bent base, 1 to 1.5 m. tall; blades 
mostly 10 to 20 cm. long, flat, lax, 
8 to 15 mm. wide; panicle 10 to 20 
em. long, the slender branches in 
remote spreading or drooping pairs 
or fascicles, naked below; spikelets 
pale, 3 to 3.5 mm. long; glumes 
scaberulous. 2 —Damp or rocky 
woods, Quebee and Nova Scotia to 
Minnesota, south to Maryland and 
Illinois; Eurasia. A handsome grass, 
sometimes cultivated as an annual. 


_ Figure 624.—Milium effusum. Plant, X 4; spikelet 


and floret, X 5. (Phillips, Maine.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 437 


89. ORYZOPSIS Michx. Ruicecrass 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes; glumes about equal, 
obtuse to acuminate; lemma indurate, usually about as long as the glumes, 
broad, oval or oblong, nearly terete, usually pubescent, with a short, blunt, 
oblique callus, and a short deciduous, sometimes bent and twisted awn; 
palea enclosed by the edges of the lemma. Mostly slender perennials, with 
flat or often involute blades and terminal narrow or open panicles. Type 
species, Oryzopsis asperifolia. Name from oruza, rice, and opsis, appearance, 
alluding to a fancied resemblance to rice. 

Nearly all the species are highly palatable to stock, but are usually not in 
sufficient abundance to be of importance, except O. hymenozdes (Indian rice- 
grass), which is common in the arid and semiarid regions of the West and 
furnishes much feed. The seed has been used for food by the Indians. Locally 
important may be O. micrantha in the Black Hills region and O. kingiz in the 
high Sierras. O. mzlzacea is cultivated for forage in California. 

As the result of study of several species of Oryzopsis and Stipa, Johnson 
and Rogler® conclude that the types of Oryzopsis caduca and O. bloomeri are 
hybrids between O. hymenoides and Stipa viridula and O. hymenoides and S. 
occidentalis, respectively. For these the generic name Stiporyzopsis is proposed. 
Other hybrids between O. hymenoides and six other species of Stzpa—sS. elmeri, 
S. thurberiana, S. californica, S. scribnert, S. robusta, and S. columbiana—are 
described, but not transferred to Stzporyzopsis. 


Lemma smooth (rarely pubescent in O. micrantha). 
Blades flat, 5 mm. wide or more. Spikelets numerous, about 3 mm. long. 
1. O. MILIACEA. 
Blades more or less involute, less than 2 mm. wide. 
Panicle branches spreading or reflexed; fruit about 2 mm. long, pale. 
2. O. MICRANTHA. 
Panicle branches ascending or appressed; fruit about 4 mm. long, dark brown. 
O. HENDERSONI. 
Lemma pubescent. 
Pubescence on lemma long and silky. 
Panicle branches and the capillary pedicels divaricately spreading. 
1 O. HYMENOIDES. 
Panicle branches and pedicels erect or ascending. 
Awn 6 mm. long; culms usually not more than 30 cm. tall.......... 11. O. WEBBERI. 
Avimal Znmimslone“culms 50: toso0rem. tall. 222.05 see: 10. O. BLOOMERI. 
Pubescence on lemma short, appressed. 
Spikelets, excluding awn, 6 to 9 mm. long; blades flat. 
Basal blades elongate, uppermost not more than 1 em. long.... 8. O. ASPERIFOLIA. 
Basal bladeseduced, upper elongate:....:....2...--c.-c.c-ccsceeceseeeccecceeceeeee 9. O. RACEMOSA. 
Spikelets, excluding awn, 5 mm. long or less; blades involute or subinvolute. 
Panicle branches erect or appressed. 
Blades and panicle stiff, erect; awns about 5 mm. long..................---- 4. O. EXIGUA. 
Blades flexuous, the panicle somewhat so; awns at least 10 mm. long. 
7. O. KINGII. 
Panicle branches loosely ascending or spreading. 
Awn not more than 2 mm. long, straight or nearly so-...........--.--- 5. O. PUNGENS. 
Awn 10 to 20 mm. long, weakly twice-geniculate...............----- 6. O. CANADENSIS, 


1. Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Benth. 
and Hook. ex Aschers. and Schweinf. blades flat, 8 to 10 mm. wide; panicle 
SmiLo grass. (Fig. 625.) Culms rela- 15 to 30 cm. long, loose, the branches 
tively stout, sometimes branching, spreading with numerous short-pedi- 
erect from a decumbent base, 60 to celed spikelets beyond the middle; 
150 cm. tall; ligule about 2mm. long; glumes acuminate, 3 mm. long; lem- 


13 Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 49-56. f. 1-40. 1943; soHNSON, B. L., Amer. Jour. Bot. 32: 599-608. f. 1-71. 1945; 
Bot. Gaz. 107: 1-32. 1945. 


438 


Fiaure 625.—Oryzopsis tease, X 5. (Kralik, 


Europe. 


ma smooth, 2 mm. long, the straight 
awn about 4 mm. long. A — 
Introduced in California; ballast, 
Camden, N. J., and Philadelphia, 
Pa.; Mediterranean region. 

2. Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. and 
Rupr.) Thurb. LiIrrLEsSEED  RICE- 
Grass. (Fig. 626.) Culms densely 


FiagurRE 626.—Oryzopsis micrantha. Panicle, 
floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 22993, N. Mex.) 


mS Vil 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


tufted, erect, slender, 30 to 70 em* 
tall; ligule about 1 mm. long; blades 
scabrous, flat or involute, 0.5 to 2 
mm. wide; panicle open, 10 to 15 
cm. long, the branches distant, single 
or in pairs, spreading or finally re- 
flexed, 2 to 5 cm. long, with short- 
pediceled appressed spikelets toward 
the ends; glumes thin, acuminate, 
3 to 4 mm. long; lemma elliptic, gla- 
brous, or rarely appressed-pilose, 2 
to 2.5 mm. long, yellow or brown, 
the straight awn 5 to 10 mm. long. 
21 —Open dry woods and rocky 
slopes, medium altitudes, Saskatche- 
wan to North Dakota and Montana, 
south to Nevada, New Mexico, Ari- 
zona, and California (Mohave Des- 
ert). The form with pilose lemmas is 
found from Colorado to Arizona. 

3. Oryzopsis henderséni Vasey. 
(Fig. 627.) Culms densely tufted, 
scabrous, 10 to 40 cm. tall; leaves 
mostly basal, 
papery, glabrescent; ligule very short; 
blades subfiliform, involute, scabrous, 
firm, mostly less than 10 em.. long, 
the one or two culm blades 4 to 5 
cm. long; panicle few-flowered, 5 to 12 
cm. long, the few scabrous branches 
appressed or ascending, spikelet-bear- 
ing toward the ends, the lower as 
much as 8 cm. long; spikelets short- 
pediceled; glumes abruptly acute, 5 
to 6 mm. long; lemma nearly as long 
as the glumes, glabrous, dark brown 
at maturity, the awn early deciduous, 
nearly straight, 6 to 10 mm. long. 
2 —Dry or gravelly soil. Known 
only from Mount Clements, Wash., 
and from the Ochoco National Forest, 
Oreg. 

4, Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. LittLe 
RICEGRASS. (Fig. 628.) Culms densely 
tufted, stiffy erect, scabrous, 15 to 
30 cm. tall; sheaths smooth or some- 
what scabrous; ligule 2 to 3 mm. 
long; blades involute-filiform, stiffly 
erect, scabrous, 5 to 10 cm. long, the 
culm blades about 2, shorter; pan- 
icle narrow, 3 to 6 cm. long, the 
branches appressed, the lower 1 to 
2 cm. long; spikelets short-pediceled, 
glumes abruptly acute, 4 mm. long; 


the sheaths broad, - 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 439 


FiaurE 627.—Oryzopsis hendersoni. Plant, X %; 
spikelet and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


lemma appressed-pilose, about as 
long as the glumes, the awn about 
5 mm. long, not twisted, geniculate. 
21 —Dry open ground or open 
woods, at moderately high altitudes, 
Montana to Washington, south to 
Colorado, Nevada, and Oregon. 

5. Oryzopsis pingens  (Torr.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 629.) Culms tufted, 
erect, slender, 20 to 50 cm. tall; 
blades elongate, slender, flat or in- 
volute, less than 2 mm. wide; pan- 
icle narrow, 3 to 6 em. long, the 
branches erect or ascending or spread- 
ing in anthesis; spikelets long-pedi- 
celed; glumes 3 to 4 mm. long, ob- 
scurely 5-nerved, obtuse; lemma about 
as long as the glumes, rather densely 
pubescent, the awn usually 1 to 2 
mm. long. 2 —Sandy or rocky 
soil, Labrador to British Columbia, 
south to Connecticut, Indiana, South 
Dakota, and Colorado. 


“ 
Ficure 628.—Oryzopsis exigua. 
Panicle, X 1; floret, X 5. (Nelson 
6511, Wyo.) 


FicurE 629. — Oryzopsis 
pungens. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Grout, Vt.) 


6. Oryzopsis canadénsis (Poir.) 
Torr. (Fig. 630.) Culms. slender, 
tufted, erect, 30 to 70 cm. tall; 
ligule about 2 mm. long; blades flat 


440 


Xen: 


Figure 630.—Oryzopsis canadensis. Panicle, 
floret, X 5. (Rand, Maine.) 


to involute, scabrous; panicle open, 
5 to 10 cm. long, the slender flexuous 
branches ascending or spreading, 
naked below, few-flowered above; 
. spikelets long-pediceled; glumes 4 to 
5 mm. long, abruptly acute; lemma 
about 3 mm. long, rather sparsely 
appressed-pilose, the awn 1 to 2 cm. 
long, weakly twice geniculate. 2 
—Woods and thickets, Newfound- 
land to Alberta, south to New 
Hampshire, New York, West Vir- 
ginia (Panther Knob, Pendleton 
County), northern Michigan, Wis- 
consin, northern Minnesota, and Wyo- 
ming. 

7. Oryzopsis kingii (Boland.) Beal. 
(Fig. 631.) Culms tufted, slender, 20 
to 40 cm. tall; leaves numerous at 
the base, the blades involute, filiform, 
flexuous; ligule about 1 mm. long; 
panicle narrow, loose, the short slen- 
der branches appressed or ascending, 
few-flowered; spikelets rather short- 
pediceled; glumes broad, papery, 
nerveless, obtuse, purple at base, the 
first about 3.5 mm. long, the second 
a little longer; lemma elliptic, 3 to 
3.5 mm. long, rather sparingly ap- 
pressed-pubescent; awn bent in a 
wide curve or indistinctly geniculate 
below the middle, not twisted, mi- 
nutely pubescent, about 12 mm. 
long, not readily deciduous. 2 — 
Meadows at upper altitudes, central 
Sierra Nevada, Calif. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


8. Oryzopsis asperifélia Michx. 
(Fig. 632.) Culms tufted, the inno- 
vations erect, the fertile culms widely 
spreading or prostrate, 20 to 70 cm. 
long, nearly naked, the two or three 
sheaths bearing reduced or obsolete 
blades; basal blades erect, firm, sca- 
brous, flat to somewhat revolute, 
elongate, 3 to 8 mm. wide, tapering 
toward each end, glaucous beneath; 
panicle nearly simple, rather few- 
flowered, 5 to 8 cm. long, the branches 
appressed; spikelets on appressed 
pedicels 8 to 6 mm. long; glumes 6 
to 8 mm. long, somewhat obovate, 
about 7-nerved, abruptly pointed or 
apiculate; lemma about as long as 
the glumes, sparingly pubescent, more 
densely so on the callus, pale or 
yellowish at maturity, the awn 5 to 
10 mm. long. 2 —Wooded slopes 
and dry banks, Newfoundland to 
British Columbia; Maine to West 
Virginia (Panther Knob, Pendleton 


Ficure 631.—Oryzopsis kingii. Plant, X 1; floret 
X 5. (Bolander 6097, Calif.) 


441 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


CAIN ‘P88 ‘Q2°H "HEN “ID ‘r0urY) “g X ‘Jorg puw yopoyds $54 X “JUBld “‘MMofsuedsD sisdozniQ—~“Zeg TAAL 


442 


County), Indiana to Idaho, south in 
the mountains to Utah and New 
Mexico, 


xX ws; 


FicgurE 633.—Oryzopsis racemosa. Panicle, 
floret, X 5. (Sartwell, N. Y.) 


9. Oryzopsis racemésa (J. E. 
Smith) Ricker. (Fig. 633.) Culms 
tufted, from a knotty rhizome, erect, 
30 to 100 ecm. tall; culm leaves 
several, the lowermost blades reduced, 
the others elongate, flat, 5 to 15 
mm. wide, tapering at both ends, 
rather thin, scabrous above, pubes- 
cent beneath; panicle 10 to 20 cm. 
long, the branches distant, the lower 
spreading or reflexed at maturity, 
bearing a few spikelets toward the 
end; glumes 7 to 9 mm. long, about 
7-nerved, abruptly acuminate; lem- 
ma slightly shorter than the glumes, 
sparsely pubescent, nearly black at 
maturity, the awn 1.5 to 2.5 cm. 
long, slightly flexuous. 21 —Rocky 
woods, Quebec to Minnesota and 
South Dakota, south to Virginia, 
Kentucky, and Iowa. 

10. Oryzopsis blooméri (Boland. ) 
Ricker. (Fig. 634.) Culms tufted, 30 
to 60 cm. tall; leaves crowded at the 
base; ligule about 1 mm. long; blades 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


narrow, involute, firm; panicle 7 to 
15 cm. long, the branches slender, 
rather stiffly ascending, the longer 
5 to 7 cm. long, spikelet-bearing 
from about the middle; spikelets 
rather long-pediceled; glumes broad, 
indistinctly 3- to 5-nerved, rather 
abruptly acuminate, 8 to 10 mm. 
long; lemma elliptic, 5 mm. long, 
densely long-villous; awn about 12 
mm. long, tardily deciduous, slightly 
twisted and appressed-villous be- 
low, weakly geniculate. 2 —Dry 
ground, medium altitudes, North 
Dakota to eastern Washington, south 
to New Mexico and California, rather 
rare. 


Figure 634.—Oryzopsis bloomeri. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
xX 5. (Sandberg and Leiberg 231, Wash.) 


11. Oryzopsis webbéri (Thurb.) 
Benth. ex Vasey. (Fig. 635.) Culms 
densely tufted, erect, 15 to 30 cm. 
tall; blades involute, filiform, sca- 
brous; panicle narrow, 2.5 to 5 cm. 
long, the branches appressed; glumes 
about 8 mm. long, narrow, obscurely 
5-nerved, minutely scaberulous, acu- 
minate; lemma narrow, 6 mm. long, 
densely long-pilose, the awn about 
6 mm. long, straight or bent, not 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 443 


twisted. 2 —NDeserts and plains, 
Idaho, Colorado, Nevada, and Calli- 
fornia. 

12. Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. 
and Schult.) Ricker. INDIAN RICE- 
crass. (Fig. 636.) Culms densely 
tufted, 30 to 60 cm. tall; ligule about 
6 mm. long, acute; blades slender, 
involute, nearly as long as the culms; 
panicle diffuse, 7 to 15 cm. long, the 
slender branches in pairs, the branch- 
lets dichotomous, all divaricately 
spreading, the ultimate pedicels capil- 
lary, flexuous; glumes about 6 to 7 
mm. long, puberulent to glabrous, 
rarely hirsute, papery, ovate, 3- to 
o-nerved, abruptly pointed; lemma 
fusiform, turgid, about 3 mm. long, 
nearly black at maturity, densely 
long-pilose with white hairs 3 mm. 
long; awn about 4 mm. long, straight, 
readily deciduous. 2 —vDeserts 
and plains, medium altitudes, Mani- 
toba to British Columbia, south to 
Texas, California, and northern Mex- 
ico. 

ORYZOPSIS HYMENOIDES var. CON- 
TrRACTA B. L. Johnson. Panicles nar- 
row, the branches ascending; lem- 
mas less turgid and less copiously 
pilose. 21 —Dry soil, Wyoming. 


Nassélla_ chilénsis (Trin. and 
Rupr.) E. Desv. Slender tufted peren- 
nial; blades narrow, flat or loosely in- 
volute; panicle narrow, 3 to 5 cm. 
long, the few branches appressed, 1 
to 1.5 em. long; glumes 4 mm. long, 


_awn-pointed; mature lemma flattish, 


obovate-oblong, gibbous at apex, 
smooth and shining, 2 mm. long; awn 
geniculate, 1 cm. long, soon decidu- 
Oucwe ae CNee major: “brin. and 


Rupr.) E. Desv.)—Ballast, Portland, 


Oreg. Introduced from Chile. 


90. PIPTOCHAETIUM Presl 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating 
above the glumes, the callus of the 
floret short, acutish, usually bearded; 
glumes about equal, broad, ovate, 
convex on the back, thin, abruptly 
acuminate; fruit brown or dark gray, 


Figure 635.—Oryzopsis webberi. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
xX 5. (Hillman, Nev.) 


Ficure 636.—Oryzopsis hymenoides. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, X 5. (Mearns 2583, Wyo.) 


coriaceous, obovate, shorter than the 
glumes, glabrous or hispid above the 
callus, often minutely striate, some- 
times tuberculate near the summit, 
the lemma turgid, usually somewhat 
compressed and keeled on the back, 
gibbous near the summit back of the 
awn, the edges not meeting but clasp- 
ing the sulcus of the palea, the sum- 
mit sometimes expanded into a crown; 
awn deciduous or persistent, curved, 


444 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


I x A 
SN 
Figure 637.—Piptochaetium fimbriatum. Plant, X 14; glumes, floret, and palea, X 5. (Hitchcock 13511, N. Mex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


flexuous or geniculate, often twisted 
below; palea narrow, indurate, except 
toward the margins, central keel con- 
sisting of two nerves and a narrow 
channel or sulcus between, the apex 
of the keel projecting above the sum- 
mit of the lemma as a minute point. 
Tufted perennials with narrow usu- 
ally involute blades and rather few- 
flowered panicles. Type species, Pzp- 
tochaetium setifolium Presl. Name 
from Greek pzptein, to fall, and chate, 
bristle, alluding to the deciduous 
awns of the type species. 

1. Piptochaetium fimbriatum (H. 
B. K.) Hitche. PiInyon RICEGRASS. 
(Fig. 637.) Culms densely tufted, 
erect, slender, 40 to 80 cm. tall; 
blades involute-filiform, flexuous, 
elongate; panicle open, 5 to 15 cm. 
long, the slender branches spreading, 


445 


few-flowered toward the ends; spike- 
lets long-pediceled; glumes about 5 
mm. long, abruptly acuminate, 7- 
nerved; lemma a little shorter than 
the glumes, appressed-pubescent, es- 
pecially on the callus, dark brown at 
maturity with a circular ridge at the 
base of the awn; awn weakly twice 
geniculate, 1to2cem.long. 2 (Ory- 
zopsis fimbriata Hemsl.)—Open rocky 
woods, Colorado to western Texas, 
Arizona, and Mexico. A fine forage 
grass. Specimens from the United 
States and most of those from north- 
ern Mexico have pale glumes (P. 
fimbriatum var. confine I. M. John- 
ston), while those of middle and 
southern Mexico have purple or 
brown glumes, as in the type of P. 
fimbriatum. In that, 1 panicle is open 
and 2 are narrow, as in var. confine. 


91. STIPA L. Nreepiecrass 


Spikelets 1-flowered, disarticulating above the glumes, the articulation 
oblique, leaving a bearded, sharp-pointed callus attached to the base of the 
floret; glumes membranaceous, often papery, acute, acuminate, or even 
aristate, usually long and narrow; lemma narrow, terete, firm or indurate, 
strongly convolute, rarely the margins only meeting, terminating in a promi- 
nent awn, the junction of body and awn evident, the awn twisted below, 
geniculate, usually persistent; palea enclosed in the convolute lemma. Tufted 
perennials, with usually convolute blades and mostly narrow panicles. Type 
species, Stipa pennata L. Name from Greek stupe, tow, alluding to the feathery 
awns of the type species. - 

The species are for the most part valuable forage plants. Several, all western, 
such as Stipa comata, S. occidentalis, S. lemmoni, and S. neomexicana, are 
grazed chiefly when young. Stipa lettermani is important at high altitudes, in 
the mountains of the West; S. columbiana at medium altitudes; S. viridula 
in the Rocky Mountains; S. pulchra, S. thurberiana, and S. speciosa in Cali- 
fornia. Some of the species, when mature, particularly S. spartea and S. 
comata, are injurious, especially to sheep, because of the hard sharp points to 
the fruits which penetrate the skin. Sleepy grass, S. robusta, acts as a narcotic 
(see p. 458). One of the Old World species, S. tenacissima L., furnishes a part 
of the esparto or alfa grass of Spain and Algeria that is used in the manu- 
facture of paper and cordage. 


la. Terminal segment of awn plumose. 

AaASpyia 74 TOY LSS} Gras (aN ae eed 1. S. NEOMEXICANA. 

el eo tome ayers Ome urn co a os a 16.. S. PORTERI. 
1b. Terminal segment of awn not plumose, or somewhat plumose in S. occidentalis. 

2a. First segment of the once-geniculate awn strongly plumose, the ascending hairs 5 to 

SHUM OW Cmmee Nee im AUN Pe et es et I 2. SS. SPECIOSA. 

2b. First segment of awn sometimes plumose but the hairs not more than 2 mm. long. 
3a. Mature lemma 2 to 3 mm. long. Awn capillary, flexuous, about 5 em. long. 
34, §. TENUISSIMA. 
3b. Mature lemma at least 5 mm. long. 


446 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


4a. Lemma densely appressed-villous with white hairs 3 to 4 mm. long, rising above 
the summit in a pappuslike crown. 
Culms 1 to 2 m. tall; spikelets about 2 ecm. long; awns 4 to 5 em. long. 
5. S. CORONATA. 
Culms not more than 50 em. tall; spikelets less than 1 em. long; awns about 2 em. 
OTS ibec hs ies hes Se ee ee eae 32. S. PINETORUM. 
4b. Lemma often villous but the hairs not more than 1 mm. long, or sometimes those 
at the summit as much as 2 mm. long. 
5a. Summit of mature lemma smooth, cylindric, whitish, forming a ciliate crown 
0:5:to 1mm: long (see‘also'S. pulchra)__>- 3. S. LEUCOTRICHA. 
5b. Summit of mature lemma not forming a crown. 
6a. Lemma 2-lobed at summit, the lobes extending into awns 2 to 3 mm. long 
on each:side‘of the:central awn. = 8 eee 4, §S. STILLMANIL. 
6b. Lemma not lobed at summit or only obscurely so. 
7a. Awn plumose below, the hairs ascending or spreading (compare S. pulchra, 
with appressed-hispid awn). 
Awns once or obscurely twice-geniculate, hairs at summit of lemma longer. 
23. S. CURVIFOLIA. 
Awns distinctly twice geniculate. 


Tigule 3 to. 6:mm: long, hyaline 2 2k 17. S. THURBERIANA. 
Ligule minute, mostly hairy. 
Lemma 8 to 10 mm. long; glumes firm................ 19. §. LATIGLUMIS. 


Lemma 6 to 8 mm. long; glumes thin. 
Hairs on upper part of lemma longer than those below; culms 60 
to 125 cm. tall. 

Sheaths/ pubescent... 2u:0b yp Ae ees eee eee 18. S. ELMERI. 
Sheaths clabrous: 42. 2) = St ae 22. S. CALIFORNICA. 

Hairs short all over the lemma; culms 25 to 40 cm. tall. 
20. S. OCCIDENTALIS. 
7b. Awn scabrous or nearly glabrous, rarely appressed-hispid, not plumose. 
8a. Lemma more than 7 mm. (often 1 to 2 cm.) long, glabrous or sparsely 
pubescent above the callus, mostly cylindric (somewhat fusiform in 


S. pulchra). 
Mature lemma pale or finally brownish, sparsely pubescent to summit, 
mostly more than*ilzem- long 22 a ae 10. S. comata. 


Mature lemma dark. 
Lemma 8 to 10 mm. long. 
Glumes 3-nerved; summit of lemma hispidulous-ciliate, the hairs 
erect, nearly 1 mm. long. 
Lemma slender, cylindric; basal blades usually numerous, narrow, 
involute, glaucous, pilose: .:.2.2...2-..- 12. S. ceERNUA. 
Lemma fusiforme; blades green_.........-.-.-.-.--..---- 11. S. PULCHRA. 
Glumes 5- to 9-nerved. 
Lemmas glabrous above the base, minutely roughened at apex; 
callus with fine sharp point.._.....-------._.. 8. S. AVENACEA. 
Lemmas sparsely pubescent to apex; callus rather blunt. 
13. S. PRINGLEI. 
Lemma 12 to 25 mm. long, cylindric. 
Mature lemma glabrous above the callus. 7. S. AVENACIOIDES. 
Mature lemma more or less pubescent above the callus. 
9. S. SPARTEA. 
8b. Lemma less than 7 mm. long, or if as long as 7 to 8 mm., distinctly 
pubescent on the upper part (see also S. cernua). 
Panicle open, the branches spreading or ascending, naked at base. 
Panicle diffuse, the branches divergent, drooping; lemma about 5 mm. 
long; awn’ about 2 em. lone =e ara ae 6. S. RICHARDSONI. 
Panicle open but not diffuse. 
Ligule 3 to 6 mm. long; awn about 5 cm. long, the terminal segment 
FEROUS eos | ee eee eee 14. S. EMINENS. 
Ligule 1 mm. long or less; awn 2.5 to 4 em. long........ 15. S. LEPIDA. 
Panicle narrow, the branches appressed. 
Hairs on lemma copious, at least at summit, 2 mm. long. 
Lemmas evenly villous all over; summit with lobes 6. 8 to 1.5 mm. 
| Ko) 01: pee nan AG Ree ec Meare alae yer (pe oy rear AES Det 21. S.LOBATA: 
Lemmas conspicuously villous above, less so below; summit not 
lobed or obscurely so. 
Lemma about 8 mm. long, villous at summit, pubescent below. 
24. SS. SCRIBNERI. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 447 


Lemma about 5 mm. long, villous all over but more so above. 


32. S. PINETORUM. 


Hairs not copious, usually not more than 1 mm. long at summit. 
Glumes broad, abruptly acuminate, rather firm, the first 5-nerved. 


25. SS. LEMMONI. 


Glumes narrow, gradually acuminate, usually hyaline, the first usu- 


ally 3-nerved. 


Awn 4 to 6 em. long, obscurely geniculate, the terminal segment 


HEXUIOUSE tie oe ae ee 


pelea Stlaees Mn ee Dew 33. 8S. ARIDA. 


Awn mostly less than 5 em. long, 1f as much as 4 cm. long, twice- 
geniculate and the terminal segment straight or nearly so. 
Sheaths, at least the lowermost, pubescent. 


Sheaths glabrous. 


30. S. WILLIAMSII. 


Sheaths villous at the throat; fruit rather turgid, the callus 
broad and short; lower nodes of panicle villous. 
Glumes thin, papery; plants rather slender, mostly less than 
1 m. tall; panicle rather slender, loose. 


26. S. VIRIDULA. 


Glumes firm, the nerves inconspicuous; plants robust, 
pe more than 1 m. tall; panicle larger, more com- 


Weir AUN eden wie 27. S. ROBUSTA. 


sheaths aol villous at the throat or only slightly so; fruit 
slender, the callus narrow, sharp-pointed; nodes of pan- 


icle glabrous or nearly so. 


Culms densely pubescent below the nodes. 


Culms glabrous throughout. 


31. S. DIEGOENSIS. 


Awn mostly more than 2 em. long; hairs at summit of 
lemma about as long as the others. 


28. 8S. COLUMBIANA. 


Awn mostly less than 2 em. long; hairs at summit of 
lemma longer than those on the body, 1 to 1.5 mm. 


lon ges ater a 


1. Stipa neomexicana (Thurb.) 
Scribn. New MeExXICAN FEATHER- 
Grass. (Fig. 638.) Culms mostly 40 to 
80 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or the 
lower minutely pubescent; ligule very 
short, ciliate; blades slender, firm, 
convolute, glabrous beneath, the basal 
10 to 30 cm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide 
when unrolled; panicle narrow, 3 to 
10 cm. long; spikelets pale, more or 
less shining; glumes 3 to 5 cm. long, 
tapering to a fine point; lemma about 
15 mm. long including the pilose cal- 
lus 4 to 5 mm. long; awn readily 
deciduous, 12 to 18 cm. long, the 
lower one-fourth to one-third straight, 
strongly twisted, appressed-villous, 
the middle segment 1 to 2 cm. long, 
the terminal segment flexuous, plu- 
mose, the hairs about 3 mm. long. 
21 —Mesas, canyons, and rocky 
slopes, western Texas, Oklahoma, 
Wyoming, and Colorado to Utah and 
Arizona. 


Figure 638.—Stipa neomexicana. Plant, X %; 
lemma, X 5. (Jones 5377, Utah.) 


29. S. LETTERMANI. 


448 


WA 


Nir, 


qf, 
y ar, 


S\N RAG fan \\ iy Yy 
Na HT 4 HPA ea My 
\ Yeti " i! \| yy Y, 
‘ ; 


FiGuRE 639.—Stipa speciosa. Panicle, & 14; floret, 


X 5. (Reed 4853, Calif.) 


2. Stipa speciésa Trin. and Rupr. 
DESERT NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 639. 
Culms numerous, 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
sheaths brownish, smooth or the 
lower pubescent or even felty at the 
very base, the throat densely short- 
villous; hgule short; blades elongate, 
involute-filiform, mostly basal, more 
or less deciduous from the outer and 
older persistent sheaths; panicle nar- 
row, dense, 10 to 15 cm. long, not 
much exceeding the leaves, white or 
tawny, feathery from the plumose 
awns; glumes smooth, 14 to 16 mm. 
long, 3-nerved, long-acuminate, pa- 
pery; lemma 7 to 9 mm. long, narrow, 
densely short-pubescent, the callus 
sharp and smooth below; awn with 
one sharp bend, the first section 1.5 
to 2 cm. long, densely long-pilose on 
the lower two-thirds or more, the hairs 
5 to 8 mm. long, the remaining por- 
tion of the awn scabrous, the second 
segment about 2.5 cm. long. 2 — 
Deserts, canyons, and rocky hills, 
Colorado and Arizona to southern 
California; southern South America. 

3. Stipa leucédtricha Trin. and 
Rupr. Texas NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 
640.) Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall, the nodes 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


pubescent; blades 10 to 30 cm. long, 
flat, often becoming involute, his- 
pidulous beneath, 2 to 4 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, mostly not more 
than 10 cm. long; glumes 12 to 18 
mm. long; lemma about 1 cm. long, 
the slender callus about 4 mm. long, 
the body oblong, brownish, ap- 
pressed-pubescent on the lower part, 
papillose-roughened at least toward 
the summit, abruptly narrowed into 
a cylindric smooth neck about 1 mm. 
long, the crown ciliate with short stiff 
hairs; awn 6 to 10 cm. long, rather 
stout, twice-geniculate, the first seg- 
ment hispidulous, twisted, 2 to 3.5 
cm. long. 2 —Dry, open grass- 
land, Oklahoma and Texas to central 
Mexico. Cleistogamous spikelets with 
glumes obsolete and lemma nearly 
awnless are borne in basal sheaths 
just after maturity of panicle. 


641. — Stipa 


FIGURE 
stillmanii. Floret, xX 
1; lemma, X 5. (Bol- 
ander, Calif.) 


Ficure 640.—Stipa leu- 
cotricha. Floret, X 1; 
lemma, X 5. (Hitch- 
cock 5138, Tex.) 


4, Stipa stillmanii Boland. (Fig. 
641.) Culms stout, 60 to 100 cm. 
tall; sheaths smooth, puberulent at 
the throat and collar; ligule very 
short; blades elongate, scattered, 
folded or involute, firm, the upper- 
most filiform; panicle 10 to 20 cm. 
long, narrow, dense or interrupted at 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


base, the branches short, fascicled; 
glumes equal, 14 to 16 mm. long, 
papery, minutely scabrous, acuminate 
into a scabrous awn-point, the first 
3-nerved, the second 5-nerved; lemma 
9 mm. long, short-pilose, bearing 2 
slender teeth at the apex, the callus 
short; awn about 2.5 cm. long, once- 
or indistinctly twice-geniculate, sca- 
brous. 2! —Rocky slopes, Sierra 
Nevada, from Lassen National Forest 
to Tahoe National Forest, Calif.; 
apparently rare. 

5. Stipa coronata Thurb. (Fig. 
642.) Culms stout, 1 to 2 m. tall, as 
much as 6 mm. thick at base, smooth 
or pubescent below the nodes; sheaths 
smooth, the margin and throat vil- 
lous; ligule about 2 mm. long, ciliate; 
blades elongate, 4 to 6 mm. wide, flat 
to subinvolute with a slender involute 
point; panicle 30 to 40 cm. long, con- 
tracted, erect, purplish; glumes grad- 
ually acuminate, 3-nerved, the first 
about 2 cm. long, the second 2 to 4 
mm. shorter; lemma about 8 mm. 
long, densely villous with long ap- 
pressed hairs 3 to 4 mm. long; awn 
usually 4 to 5 em. long, scabrous, 
twice-geniculate, the first and second 
segments about 1 cm. long. 2 — 
Open ground in the Coast Range, 
California, from Monterey to Baja 
California; Grand Canyon, Ariz. 

STIPA CORONATA Var. DEPAUPERATA 
(Jones) Hitche. Culms usually 30 to 
00 cm. tall; blades 10 to 20 em. long; 
panicle 10 to 15 em. long, rather few- 


\ ———. 


449 


flowered, the spikelets commonly 
smaller than in the species, the lemma 
6 to 7 mm. long, the awn about 2.5 
em. long, once-geniculate, the first 
segment twisted and scabrous-pubes- 
cent, about 1 cm. long, the second 
segment bent about horizontally. 
21 —Dry or rocky slopes, Utah and 
Nevada to Arizona and _ southern 
California. Many intermediates occur 
between the variety and the species. 

6. Stipa richardsoni Link. Ricu- 
ARDSON NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 643.) 
Culms 50 to 100 em. tall; blades 
mostly: basal, usually 15 to 25 em. 
long, involute, subfiliform, scabrous; 
panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, open, the 


Figure 642.—Stipa coronata. Floret, * 1; lemma 
xX 5. (Orcutt 1068, Calif.) 


Ficure 643.—Stipa richardsoni. Panicle, X %; floret, X 1; lemma, X 5. (Hitchcock 11468, Alberta.) 


450 
branches slender, distant, spreading 
or drooping, naked below; glumes 8 
to 9 mm. long; lemma about 5 mm. 
long, subfusiform, brown at matu- 
rity; awn 2.5 to 3 cm. long. 2 — 
Bottom lands and wooded slopes, 
Saskatchewan to South Dakota, Colo- 
rado, Idaho, and British Columbia. 


FIGurRE 644.—Stipa avenacioides. Floret, X 1; lemma, 
xX 5. (Curtiss 5834, Fla.) 


7. Stipa avenacioides Nash. (Fig. 
644.) Culms about 1 m. tall; ligule 2 
to 3 mm. long; blades elongate, in- 
volute, subfiliform; panicle 10 to 25 
cm. long, open, the branches slender, 
spreading, naked below; glumes about 
2 cm. long; lemma brown, linear, 1.5 
to 2 em. long including the callus 7 
mm. long, the body glabrous, mi- 
nutely papillose at the slightly con- 
tracted summit, slightly hispidulous 
on the crown; awn 8 to 11 ecm. long, 
scabrous, twice geniculate. 2 — 
Dry pine woods, peninsular Florida. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


8. Stipa avenacea L. BuacksEED 
NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 645.) Culms 60 
to 100 em. tall; ligule about 3 mm. 
long; blades 20 to 30 em. long, 1 mm. 
wide, flat or involute; panicle 10 to 
15 cm. long, open, the slender 
branches 2 to 4 em. long, bearing 1 
or 2 spikelets; glumes 1.5 cm. long; 
lemma dark brown, 9 to 10 mm. long, 
the callus 2 mm. long, the body gla- 
brous, papillose-roughened toward 
the summit, awn scabrous, 4.5 to 6 
cm. long, twice-geniculate. 2 — 
Dry or rocky open woods, Massachu- 
setts to Michigan south to Florida 
and Texas, mostly on the Coastal 
Plain. 


FiGcurRE 645.—Stipa avenacea. 
Hloret,= < Is) lemma; Xo: 
(Kneucker, Gram. 564, Md.) 


9. Stipa spartea Trin. PorcuPINE 
GRASS. (Fig. 646.) Culms about 1 m. 
tall; ligule rather firm, 4 to 5 mm. 
long; blades 20 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 5 
mm. wide, flat, involute in drying; 
panicle 15 to 20 cm. long, narrow, 
nodding, the few slender branches 
bearing 1 or 2 spikelets; glumes 3 to 
4 em. long; lemma  subcylindric, 
brown, 1.6 to 2.5 em. long, the callus 
about 7 mm. long, the body pubes- 
cent below, glabrous above except for 


a line of pubescence on one side, the ~ 


crown erect-ciliate; awn stout, 12 to 
20 em. long, twice geniculate. 2 
—Prairies, Ontario to British Colum- 


bia; Pennsylvania to Montana, Mis- 


souri, and New Mexico. STIPA SPAR- 
TEA var. CURTISETA Hitche. Glumes 


451 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


rr en 


———- 


y, 
J 
A, 
Y, 
/ 
: LZ a 
= ZZ = - ae 
“SSS SS NSERC 
3 WSS 
SSS 
7 Sk 
cof SS 
CA. , ‘] — = 
(ee / SS 
meen =, ~ Ss 
i GO SS < 
rel 1 Ss 
Nance facasece! See 
ee Q SSS 
eee ee 
; : 
r 


SOLACE sg. Pod. 
CALERA EEA er errs ero 3 


Figure 646.—Stipa spartea. Plant, X 1%; glumes and floret, * 2. (McDonald 16, Ill.) 


452 


2 to 3 em. long; lemma 12 to 15 mm. 
long; awn mostly not more than 7 or 
8 cm. long. 2 —Manitoba to Al- 
berta, Montana, South Dakota, and 
Wyoming. 

10. Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr. 
NEEDLE-AND-THREAD. (Fig. 647.) 
Culms 30 to 60 cm. tall, sometimes 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ington with pubescent foliage has 
been differentiated as S. comata var. 
intonsa Piper. STIPA COMATA var. IN- 
TERMEDIA Scribn. and Tweedy. Dif- 
fering from S. comata in the shorter 
straight third segment of the awn; 
glumes and lemma on the average a 
little longer; panicle usually exserted. 


Fictre 647.—Stipa comata. Panicle, X 14; lemma, 
X 5. (Hitchcock 1700, Colo.) 


taller; ligule thin, 3 to 4 mm. long; 
blades 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. 
wide, flat or involute, panicle com- 
monly included at base, narrow, 10 to 
20 cm. long; glumes 1.5 to 2 em. long, 
the attenuate tips subhyaline; lemma 
8 to 12 mm. long, mostly about | cm., 
pale or finally brownish, the callus 
about 3 mm. long, the body sparsely 
pubescent or glabrate toward the 
summit; awn 10 to 15 cm. long, in- 
distinctly twice-geniculate, very slen- 
der, loosely twisted below, flexuous 
above, often deciduous. 2% — 
Prairies, plains, and dry hills, Indiana 
to Yukon Territory, south to Texas 
and California. A form from Wash- 


FicuRE 648.—Stipa pulchra. Panicle, X 144; lemma, 
X 5. (Chase 5598, Calif.) 


—Canada; Montana to Washington, 
south to New Mexico and California. 

11. Stipa pilchra Hitche. Purple 
NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 648.) Culms 60 
to 100 cm. tall; blades long, narrow, 
flat or involute; ligule about 1 mm. 
long; panicle nodding, about 15 to 20 
cm. long, loose, the branches spread- 
ing, slender, some of the lower 2.5 to 
5 cm. long; glumes narrow, long- 
acuminate, purplish, 3-nerved, the 
first about 20 mm. long, the second 
2 to 4 mm. shorter; lemma 7.5 to 13 
mm. long, fusiform, sparingly pilose, 
sometimes only in lines above, mi- 
nutely papillose-roughened, the callus 
about 2 mm. long, the summit some- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


times with a smooth neck and a ciliate 
crown (as in S. leucotricha); awn 7 to 
9 cm. long, short-pubescent to the 
second bend, the first segment 1.5 
to 2 cm. long, the second shorter, 
the third 4 to 6 cm. long. 2 — 
Open ground, northern California to 
Baja California, mostly in the Coast 
Ranges. 


| 


FIGURE 64 .—Stipa cernua. Glumes and floret, X 5. 
(Hall 2921, Calif.) 


12. Stipa cérnua Stebbins and 
Love. (Fig. 649.) Culms mostly 60 
to 90 cm. tall, in rather large clumps; 
basal blades numerous, narrow, glau- 
cous, those of the culm 1.2 to 2.4 mm. 
wide; panicle open with slender flex- 
uous branches; glumes acuminate, 
the first 12 to 19 mm. long, the second 
a little shorter; lemma 5 to 10.5 mm. 
long, papillose, silky-pilose below and 
on the nerves, the callus acute, 
densely bearded; awn 6 to 11 cm. 
long, the terminal segment flexuous. 
21 —Foothills of Sierra Nevada and 
Coast Ranges, Calif. 

13. Stipa pringlei Scribn. PRINGLE 
NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 650.) Culms, 
about 1 m. tall; ligule about 2 mm. 
long; blades 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 3 
mm. wide, flat or those of the innova- 
tions involute, firm, erect, scabrous, 
panicle nodding, 10 to 15 cm. long, 


453 


the branches ascending, few-flowered, 
naked below; glumes about 1 cm. 
long, broad, rather abruptly nar- 
rowed into a short point, 7- to 9- 
nerved; lemma 7 to 8 mm. long, 
oblong-elliptic, brown, minutely pap- 
illose and brownish pubescent, the 
callus | mm. long; awn about 3 cm. 
long, obscurely twice-geniculate. 2 


= 


——> 


= 


a SSS SSS 
WSS 


IS 


FIcureE 651.—Stipa em- 
inens. Floret, X 1; 
lemma, X 5. (Palmer 
523, Mexico.) 


FicuRE 650. — Stipa 
pringlei. Floret, X 1; 
lemma, X 5. (Hitch- 
cock 7691, Mexico.) 


—Rocky woods and slopes, Texas, 
New Mexico, and Arizona to Chihua- 
hua, Mex. 

14. Stipa éminens Cav. (Fig. 651.) 
Culms slender, rather wiry, 80 to 120 
em. tall; ligule 3 to 6 mm. long; 
blades mostly elongate, flat or invo- 
lute, 1 to 4 mm. wide; panicle nod- 
ding, open, 10 to 20 cm. long, usually 
densely pilose on the lower node, the 
branches slender, spreading, often 
flexuous, usually 3 to 4 or even more 
at the node; glumes about 1.5 cm. 
long; lemma pale, 5 to 7 mm. long, 
pubescent; awn 3 to 6 cm. long, ob- 
scurely twice-geniculate, the third 
segment flexuous. 2 —Rocky 
hills, Texas to Arizona and central 
Mexico. 

15. Stipa lépida Hitche. FoorHity 
NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 652.) Culms slen- 
der, puberulent below the nodes, 60 


454 


FIGURE 653.—Stipa por- 
teri. Floret, X 1; lem- 
ma, X 5. (Wolf 1109, 
Colo.) 


FIGURE 652.—Stipa lep- 
ida. Floret, XX ; 
lemma, X 5. (Chase 
5609; Calif.) 


to 100 cm. tall; sheaths smooth, 
rarely puberulent, sparingly villous 
at throat; ligule very short; blades 
10 to 30 cm. long, flat, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide, pubescent on upper surface 
near base; panicle rather loose and 
open, usually 15 to 20 em. long, 
sometimes more than 30 cm. long, 
the branches distant, slender; glumes 
3-nerved, smooth, acuminate, the 
first 6 to 10 mm. long, the second 
about 2 mm. shorter; lemma about 
6 mm. long, brown, sparingly villous, 
nearly glabrous toward the _ hairy- 
tufted apex; awn indistinctly twice- 
geniculate, about 2.5 to 4 em. long, 
scabrous. 2 —Dry hills, open 
woods, and rocky slopes, central 
California to Baja California, in the 
Coast Range. STIPA LEPIDA var. 


| 
\ AL 
Wi 
WH. 
Wr 
AR \y Wi 
Nw 
Vi 
hy 
/ NU 
XL Wait 
Se: 
a a 
Vy, { ty 4 
Came Nay 
Y \" in 
nV 
ON! 
(| i}! f 
1 Wi 
\ \t if Ficure 654.—Stipa thurberiana. 
Myf Kloret.- xX 1-7 lemma, X25: 
x (Chase 4689, Idaho.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ANDERSONII (Vasey) Hitchce. Differing 
only in the more slender culms, the 
slender involute blades, and in the 
narrow or reduced panicle-—Same 
range as the species. 

16. Stipa portéri Rydb. (Fig. 653.) 
Culms 20 to 35 em. tall; ligule 2 to 
3 mm. long; blades 2 to 12 em. long, 
involute, subfiliform, sulcate, sca- 
berulous; panicle mostly 5 to 10 ecm. 
long, open, the branches distant, 
capillary, flexuous, few-flowered; 
glumes 5 to 6 mm. long; lemma about 
5 mm. long, oblong-elliptic, softly 
pilose on the lower half, scaberulous 
above, lobed at summit; awn 12 to 
15 mm. long, plumose with hairs 1 


~ 

FG eee Sts 

es S = SS x* 
SS SS 


K 


SARS 
“Ss = / 
Kennan eeeeae 


FIGURE 655.—Stipa elmert. Floret, X 
te X 5. (Hitchcock 3336, 
alif.) 


to 2 mm. long, with a single bend 
one-third from the base, the first 
segment weakly twisted. 2 
High mountains of Colorado. 
17. Stipa thurberiana Piper. 
THURBER NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 654.) 
Culms mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
sheaths scaberulous or the upper gla- 
brous; ligule hyaline, 3 to 6 mm. 
long; blades 10 to 25 cm. long, 
filiform, involute, scabrous to densely 
soft-pubescent, flexuous; panicle most- 
ly 8 to 15 cm. long, narrow, the 
ascending branches few flowered; 
glumes 11 to 13 mm. long, the acu- 
minate summit hyaline; lemma 8 to 
9 mm. long, appressed-pubescent, 
callus about 1 mm. long; awn 4 to 
5 em. long, twice-geniculate, the first 
and second segments plumose with 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


hairs 1 to2 mm. long. 2 —Mesas 
and rocky slopes, Idaho to Washing- 
ton and central California. 

18. Stipa elméri Piper and Brodie 
ex Scribn. (Fig. 655.) Culms 60 to 
100 cm. tall, more or less puberulent, 
especially at the nodes; sheaths pubes- 
cent; ligule very short; blades 15 to 
30 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, flat 
or becoming involute, pubescent on 
the upper surface, or those of the 
innovations also on the lower sur- 
face; panicle narrow, 15 to 35 cm. 
long, rather loose; glumes 12 to 14 
mm. long, long-acuminate, hyaline 
except toward base; lemma about 7 
mm. long, appressed-pubescent, the 


SS 


SS 
SS 


ZZ 
— 
= f 
SSSSsessSSSen8 = 
TSTHE SOAS it 


WW, 
MWA 


—euar<acciom : 
SSE TST PPS 


Figure 656.—Stipa latiglumis. Floret, * 1; lemma, 
X 5. (Type.) 


callus 1 mm. long; awn 4 to 5 cm. 
long, distinctly twice-geniculate, the 
segments nearly equal, the first and 
second finely plumose. 2 —Dry 
hills, sandy plains, and open woods, 
Washington and Idaho to California 
and Nevada. 

19. Stipa latiglimis Swallen. (Fig. 
656.) Culms slender, erect, strigose 
below, 50 to 110 ecm. tall; sheaths, 
at least the lower, pubescent; blades 
flat or loosely involute, pilose on the 
upper surface, glabrous beneath; lig- 
ule 1 to 4 mm. long; panicle narrow, 
loosely flowered, 15 to 30 cm. long, 
the branches distant, slender, the 


Figure 657.—Stipa occidentalis. 
Panicle, X 4%; lemma, X 5. 
(Hitchcock 11740, Oreg.) 


lower as much as 10 cm. long; glumes 
about equal, firm, rather abruptly 
acute or acuminate, 3-nerved, tinged 
with purple, 138 to 15 mm. long, 1.5 
mm. wide from keel to margin; lem- 
ma densely pubescent, 8 to 9 mm. 
long, the sharp callus 1 mm. long; 
awn twice-geniculate, 3.5 to 4.5 cm. 
long, the first and second segments 
plumose. 2 Sierras of central 
California at medium altitudes. 

20. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. 
WESTERN NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 657.) 
Culms mostly 25 to 40 em. tall; 


ane | 


Vi VM 
\ Wy i 
Wi 


FriaureE 658.—Stipa lobata. Floret, X 1; lemma, X 5; 
summit of lemma, X 15. (Type.) 


456 


Ficure 659.—Stipa californica. Floret, X 1; lemma, 
X 5. (Hall 2556, Calif.) 


sheaths glabrous to pubescent; blades 
10 to 20 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, 
usually involute, glabrous beneath, 
white-puberulent on the upper sur- 
face; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, lax, 
the few slender branches narrowly 
ascending; glumes about 12 mm. long, 
the attenuate tips hyaline; lemma 
pale brown, about 7 mm. long, rather 
sparsely appressed-pubescent; awn 3 
to 4 cm. long, twice-geniculate, plu- 
mose, the hairs on first and second 
segments about 1 mm. long, shorter 
on third segment. 2 Plains, 
rocky hills, and open woods, Wyo- 
ming to Washington, Arizona, and 
California. . 

21. Stipa lobata Swallen. (Fig. 
658.) Culms densely tufted, erect, 
scaberulous below the panicle, 35 to 
85 cm. tall; blades flat or loosely 
folded toward the base, tapering into 
a fine point, as much as 50 cm. long, 
1 to 4mm. wide at the base, scabrous 
on the upper surface, glabrous be- 
neath; ligule less than 0.5 mm. long; 
panicle narrow, 10 to 18 cm. long, 
the branches appressed; glumes about 
equal, acuminate, 3-nerved, scabrous, 
9 to 10 mm. long; lemma brownish, 
6 mm. long, densely pubescent with 
hairs 1 to 2 mm. long, the callus 
very short, blunt, the summit 2- 
lobed, the lobes 0.8 to 1.5 mm. long, 
awned from between the lobes; awn 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


twice-geniculate, 12 to 16 mm. long, 
the first and second segments ap- 
pressed-hispid. 21 —Rocky hills at 
medium altitudes, western Texas and 
New Mexico. 

22. Stipa californica Merr. and 
Davy. (Fig. 659.) Culms 75 to 125 
em. tall; ligule rather firm, 1 to 2 
mm. long; blades 10 to 25 cm. long, 
1 to 4 mm. wide, flat, becoming in- 
volute, those of the innovations slen- 
der and involute; panicle 15 to 30 
cm., sometimes to 50 cm., long, slen- 
der, pale; glumes about 12 mm. long; 
lemma 6 to 8 mm. long, rather 
sparsely villous with ascending white 
hairs, those at the summit about 1.5 
mm. long; awn 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 
twice-geniculate, the first and second 
segments plumose. 2 —Dry open 
ground, Idaho and Washington to 
California and western Nevada. 


FicurE 660.—Stipa curvifolia. Floret, X 1; lemma, 
X 5. (Type.) 

23. Stipa curvifélia Swallen. (Fig. 
660.) Culms densely tufted, erect, 
about 35 cm. tall; leaves clustered 
toward the base, the lowermost 
sheaths pubescent, the blades in- 
volute, becoming curved with age; 
panicle 7 to 8 cm. long, dense, the 
branches short, appressed; glumes 
about 10 mm. long; lemma 5.5 mm. 
long, light brown, evenly white pilose; 
awn once or obscurely twice-genicu- 
late, 22 to 25 mm. long, twisted and 
densely plumose below the bend. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES 


21 —Known only from limestone 
cliffs, Guadalupe Mountains, N. Mex. 
24. Stipa scribnéri Vasey. Scris- 


NER NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 661.) Culms. 


30 to 70 cm. tall; sheaths villous at 
the throat; ligule less than 1 mm. 
long; blades 15 to 25 cm. long, 2 to 
4 mm. wide, flat or sometimes in- 
volute; panicle 10 to 25 cm. long, con- 
tracted, the rather short stiff branches 
erect; glumes 10 to 15 mm. long, 
relatively firm, attenuate; lemma 
about 8 mm. long, pale, narrow- 
fusiform, villous with white hairs, 
those at the summit about 2 mm. 
long, forming a brushlike tip; awn 14 
to 20 mm. long, twice-geniculate. 2 
—Mesas and rocky slopes, Colorado, 
Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. 


FIGURE 
Floret, 


661. — Stipa 
Na pads eal 
(Vasey, N. Mex.) 


sertbnert. 
emma, 5. 


25. Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn. 
LEMMON NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 662.) 
Culms 30 to 80 cm. tall, scaberulous, 
usually puberulent below the nodes; 
ligule 1 to 3 mm. long; blades 10 to 
20 cm. long, flat or involute, 1 to 2 
mm. wide, or those of the innovations 
very narrow; panicle 5 to 12 cm. 
long, narrow, pale or purplish; glumes 
8 to 10 mm. long, rather broad and 
firm, somewhat abruptly acuminate, 
the first 5-nerved, the second 3- 
nerved; lemma 6 to 7 mm. long, pale 
or light brown, the callus rather 
blunt, the body fusiform, 1.2 mm. 
wide, villous with appressed hairs; 
awn 20 to 35 mm. long, twice- 
geniculate, appressed-pubescent to 


OF THE UNITED STATES 


FicurRE 662.—Stipa lemmoni. Floret, X 1; 
lemma, X 5. (Butler 830, Calif.) 


the second bend. 2 -—Dry open 
ground and open woods, British Col- 
lumbia to Idaho and California. 

26. Stipa viridula Trin. GREEN 
NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 663.) Culms 60 
to 100 cm. tall; sheaths villous at 
the throat, often rather sparingly so, 
more or less hispidulous in a line 
across the collar; ligule about 1 mm. 
long; blades 10 to 30 cm. long, 1 to 
3 or even 5 mm. wide, flat or, espe- 
cially on the innovations, involute; 
panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, narrow, 
rather closely flowered, greenish or 
tawny at maturity; glumes 7 to 10 
mm. long, hyaline-attenuate; lemma 
5 to 6 mm. long, fusiform, at ma- 
turity plump, more than 1 mm. wide, 
the body at maturity brownish, ap- 
pressed-pubescent, the callus rather 
blunt; awn 2 to 3 cm. long, twice- 
geniculate. 2 —Plains and dry 
slopes, Alberta and Saskatchewan to 
Wisconsin and Illinois, west to Mon- 
tana and Arizona; New York (near 
Rochester); east of the Mississippi, 
found near railways. 


Figure 663.—Stipa virid- 
ula. Floret, X 1; lemma 


and summit of sheath, X 
5. (Griffiths 201, 8S. Dak.) 


458 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


<Z 
—s- 
—- 
—=> 


es 
~ . ~ S 


SS 


Zi Le 
ZZ 
=< 


FicgurE 664.—Stipa robusta. Panicle, X %; lemma, 
x 5. (Hitchcock 13280, N. Mex.) 


27. Stipa robista (Vasey) Scribn. 
SLEEPY GRASS. (Fig. 664.) Culms 
nopusi, mostly, (|: to24.5, mi ptall: 
sheaths villous at the throat and on 
the margin, a strong hispidulous line 
across the collar; ligule 2 to 4 mm. 
long; blades elongate, flat or on the 
innovations involute, those of the 
culm as much as 8 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, compact, often more or less 
interrupted below, as much as 30 cm. 
long and 2 em. thick; glumes about 
1 cm. long, attenuate into a fine soft 
point; lemma 6 to 8 mm. long, about 
as in S. viridula; awn 2 to 3 cm. long, 
rather obscurely twice-geniculate. 2 
GS. vaseyt Seribn.)—Dry plains and 
hills and dry open woods, Colorado 
to western Texas, Arizona, and north- 
ern Mexico. Said to act as a narcotic 
on animals that graze upon it, 
especially affecting horses. 

28. Stipa columbiana Macoun. 
CoLUMBIA NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 665.) 
Culms mostly 30 to 60 cm. tall, 
sometimes as much as | m.; sheaths 
naked at the throat; ligule 1 to 2 
mm. long; blades 10 to 25 cm. long, 
1 to 3 mm. wide, mostly involute, 
especially on the innovations, those 
of the culm sometimes flat; panicle 
7 to 20 cm. long, narrow, mostly 
rather dense, often purplish; glumes 
about 1 cm. long; lemma 6 to 7 
mm. long, pubescent as in S. viridula, 
the body narrower, the callus sharper; 
awn 2 to 2.5 em. long, twice-genicu- 


late. 2 (S. minor Scribn.)—Dry 
plains, meadows, and open woods, at 
medium and high altitudes, South 
Dakota to Yukon Territory, south 
to Texas and California. Differing 
from S. virzdula in the glabrous throat 
of the sheath and in the shape of the 
fruit. 

STIPA COLUMBIANA var. NELSONI 
(Seribn.) Hitche. Differing in its 
usually larger size, often as much as 
1 m. tall, the broader culm blades, 
and the larger and denser panicle; 
lemma 6 to 7 mm. long; awn as much 
as 3.5 cm. long, sometimes longer. 
21 —Alberta to Washington, south 
to Colorado and Arizona. 


= = = 
So~l ra 


FicurE 665.—Stipa colum- 
bianai. Panicle, X 4; 
lemma, ane GOs (Nelson 


7478, Wyo.) 


29. Stipalettermani Vasey. LerrEer- 
MAN NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 666.) Re- 
sembling small forms of S. columbi- 
ana; culms often in large tufts, 30 
to 60 ecm. tall; blades slender, in- 
volute; panicle slender, narrow, loose, 
10 to 15 em. long; glumes about 6 
mm. long; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, 
slender and more copiously hairy 
than in S. columbiana; awn 1.5 to 2 
em. long. 2 -—QOpen ground or 
open woods at upper altitudes, Wyo- 
ming to Montana and Oregon, south 
to New Mexico and California. 

30. Stipa willi4msii  Scribn. 
WILLIAMS NEEDLEGRASS. (Fig. 667.) 
Differing from S. columbiana chiefly 
in having more or less pubescent 
culms, sheaths, and blades; culms 


—— 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


60 to 100 cm. tall; panicle 10 to 20 
em. long; lemma about 7 mm. long; 
awn usually 3 to 5em. long. 2 — 
Dry hills and plains, Montana to 
Washington, south to Colorado and 
California. 


| 


eee 666.—Stipa lettermant. Floret, 
X 1; lemma, X 5. (Letterman 102, 
Idaho.) 


Ficurt 667.—Stipa williamsit. Floret, 
xX 1; lemma, X 5. (Williams 2804, 
Wyo.) 


31. Stipa diegoénsis Swallen. (Fig. 
668.) Culms 70 to 100 cm. tall, sca- 
berulous, densely pubescent below the 
nodes; sheaths glabrous or scaberu- 
lous; ligule 1 to 2 mm. long, obtuse 
or truncate; blades 15 to 40 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, flat or involute, 
scabrous below, pubescent above; 
panicle 15 to 30 cm. long, dense, the 
branches appressed; glumes acumi- 
nate, the first 9 to 10 mm. long, 1- 
nerved, the second 8 to 9 mm. long, 
3-nerved; lemma 6.5 to 7.5 mm. long, 
the hairs at the summit 1 to 2 mm. 
long, the callus 0.5 mm. long, sharp- 
pointed; awn 2 to 3.3 em. long, twice- 
geniculate, scabrous. 2 —Along 
streams in chaparral. Known only 
from San Diego County (Jamul), 
Calif., and northern Baja California. 

32. Stipa pinetorum Jones. (Fig. 
669.) Culms in large tufts, 30 to 50 


459 


Figure 668.—Stipa diegoensis. Floret, X 1; lemma 
xX 5. (Type.) 


em. tall; ligule very short; leaves 
mostly basal, the blades 5 to 12 cm. 
long, involute-filiform, more or less 
flexuous, slightly scabrous; panicle 
narrow, 8 to 10 cm. long; glumes 
about 9 mm. long; lemma 5 mm. 
long, narrowly fusiform, clothed es- 
pecially on the upper half with hairs 
2 mm. long, forming a conspicuous 
tuft exceeding the body of the lem- 
ma, and bearing 2 hyaline teeth 1 
mm. long at the summit; awn about 
2 cm. long, twice-geniculate, nearly 
glabrous. 21 —Open pine woods 
at high altitudes, rare, Colorado to 
Montana, Idaho, and California. 


WWW ate 
hh (7 
q | 
Wy 


33. Stipa arida Jones. (Fig. 670.) 
Culms 40 to 80 cm. tall; blades 10 to 
20 em. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, flat or 
involute, scabrous; panicle 10 to 15 
cm. long, narrow, compact, pale or 
silvery; glumes 8 to 12 mm. long; 
lemma 4 to 5 mm. long; appressed- 
pubescent on the lower half and along 
the margin, slightly roughened toward 
the summit; awn 4 to 6 cm. long, 


Figure 669.— Stipa  pinetorum. 
Floret, X 1; lemma, X 5. (Jones 
6023, Colo.) 


460 


capillary, scaberulous, loosely twisted 
for 1 or 2 em., flexuous beyond. 2 
—Rocky slopes, Texas, Colorado to 
Arizona and California (Funeral 
Mountains). 


FIGURE 670.—Stipa arida. Floret, X 1; lemma, X 5. 
(Jones 5377, Utah.) 


34. Stipa tenuissima Trin. (Fig. 
671.) Culms in large tufts, slender, 
wiry, 30 to 70 cm. tall; ligule 2 mm. 
long; blades 15 to 30 cm. long, some- 
times longer, filiform, wiry, closely 
involute; panicle 10 to 30 cm. long, 
narrow, soft, nodding; glumes about 
1 cm. long; lemma 2 to 3 mm. long, 
oblong-elliptic, glabrous, minutely 
papillose-roughened, the short callus 
densely pilose; awn about 5 em. long, 
capillary, flexuous, obscurely genic- 
ulate about the middle. 2 —Dry 
open ground, rocky slopes, and open 
dry woods, Texas and New Mexico 
to central Mexico; Argentina. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Stipa neesia4na Trin. and Rupr. 
Related to S. leucotricha but with 
shorter lemma with thickened erose 
crown. 2 —Ballast, Mobile, Ala.; 
South America. 

Stipa brachychaéta Godr. Blades 
firm, flat, or loosely involute; panicle 
narrow, open, the few spikelets on 
slender pedicels; glumes 8 mm. long; 
lemma 5 mm. long, brown, pubescent 
in lines; awn 12 mm. long. % — 
Ballast near Portland, Oreg.; Argen- 
tina. 


STIPA ELEGANT{SsIMA Labill. Tufted per- 
ennial; foliage scant; panicle commonly half 
the height of the plant, the filiform spread- 
ing branches conspicuously feathery; spike- 
lets purple, long-awned. 2 —Sometimes 
cultivated for ornament; Australia. 

STIPA PENNATA L. Tufted perennial; blades 
elongate, involute; panicle few-flowered, the 
large spikelets with awns 25 to 35 cm. long, 
conspicuously feathery above the bend. 2 
—Sometimes cultivated for ornament; Eu- 
rope. 

Strpa TENACisstma L. Esparto. Tufted 
perennial with tough branching base; blades 
elongate, involute, tomentose at base and 
with erect auricles 3 to 10 mm. long; panicle 
narrow, dense; awns 4 to 6 em. long, feathery 
below the bend. 2 Sometimes culti- 
vated for ornament; Spain and Algeria, 
where it is gathered for making paper and 
cordage; also in Portugal and Morocco. 

STIPA SPLENDENS Trin. Robust perennial, 
1.2 to 2 m. tall; foliage scabrous; panicle 30 
to 50 em. long, many-flowered, but loose; 
spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long; lemma as long as 
the glumes, silky; awn weakly geniculate, 
10 to 15 mm. long. 2 Introduced from 
Siberia under the name ‘“‘chee grass,” spar- 
ingly cultivated. Seed of Calamagrostis epi- 
geios was mixed with the first introduction 
and ‘“‘chee grass’”’ was erroneously applied to 
that, which thrived more vigorously than 
the Stipa. 


92. ARISTIDA L. THREE-AWN 


Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating obliquely above the glumes; 
glumes equal or unequal, narrow, acute, acuminate, or awn-tipped; lemma 
indurate, narrow, terete, convolute, with a hard, sharp-pointed, usually 
minutely bearded callus, terminating above in a usually trifid awn (the lateral 
divisions reduced or obsolete in Section Streptachne), the base sometimes un- 
divided, forming a column. Annual or perennial, mostly slender tufted grasses, 
with narrow, frequently convolute blades and narrow or sometimes open 
panicles. Type species, Arzstida adscensionis L. Name from Latin arista, awn. 

The species are of distinctly minor importance for forage except in the 
Southwest, where several, such as A. longiseta, are eaten by stock before the 


461 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


d floret, X 5. (Bailey 694, Tex.) 


ikelet, X 2; glumes an 


Plant, X* 144; sp 


Stipa tenwissima. 


671. 


FIGURE 


462 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


flowers are produced. The ripe fruits of several species are troublesome to 
stock on the plains because of the sharp hard points. These fruits are produced 
sometimes in vast numbers and are carried far and wide by the wind in open 
country. Aristida adscensionis is one of the annuals that make up the “six- 
weeks”’ grasses of the Southwest. 


Lemma articulate with the column of the awns; awns nearly equal. 
SecTIon 1. ARTHRATHERUM. 
Lemma not articulate. 


Lateral awns minute (less than 1 mm. long) or wanting........ SECTION 2. STREPTACHNE. 
Lateral awns more than 1 mm. long (rarely obsolete in A. ramosissima), usually well de- 
WElOped est 2k) e a ee eee a oe eee SECTION 8. CHAETARIA. 


Plants annual. 


Wolttmmnrvery SHOrt 2252s. ee eee eee 1. A..DESMANTHA. 

Columnea0 to 15 mm:longe twisted <2. 2! 2 2 Se 2. A. TUBERCULOSA. 
Plants perennial. 

Culms pubescent..............---.--- cg Veg aac LID aR eee ee 3. A. CALIFORNICA. 

urls: flab rOuUs ce soca 2 oe eee Oe eee eee ee 4, A. GLABRATA. 


Avyne (column) twisted at. base... 22) ar ee ee 7. A. ORCUTTIANA. 
Awn not twisted. | 
Branches of panicle distant, spreading, mostly more than 5 cm. long, naked at base; awn 


straight or abruptly diverzent. 2 222) 2 ee eee eee 5. A. TERNIPES. 
Branches of panicle short, approximate, 3 to 5 cm. long, floriferous nearly to base; awn 
Cumvedsand’ flexUOUs 2 ssx 2 a ek eee ee ee 6. A. FLORIDANA. 


Section 8. Chaetaria 
la. Central awn spirally coiled at base, the lateral straight. Plants annual. (Group 
DICHOTOMAE. ) 
Lateral awns half to two-thirds as long as the central, somewhat spreading. 
8. A. BASIRAMEA. 
Lateral awns much shorter than the central, 1 to 3 mm. long, erect. 
Glumes nearly equal, 6 to 8 mm. long; lemma sparsely appressed-pilose, 5 to 6 mm. 


|) 21a ees eee ae ae Sor Win RONSON 00 a MR cA geo At 8 el Wald ed 9. A. DICHOTOMA. 
Glumes unequal, the second longer, about 1 em. long; lemma glabrous except the keel, 
scabrous toward the apex, about, lcm» lone. eee 10. A. CURTISSIZ. 


1b. Central awn not spirally coiled (in a few species all the awns loosely contorted in the 
lower part). 
2a. Plants annual. (Group ADSCENSIONES.) 
Awns mostly 4 to 7 cm. long, about equal, divergent....................11. A. OLIGANTHA. 
Awns mostly less than 2 cm. long, often unequal. 
Central awn with a semicircular bend at base, spreading or reflexed. 
Lateral awns much reduced; lemma about 2 em. long....... 12. A. RAMOSISSIMA. 
Lateral awns one-third to half as long as the central; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long. 
13. A. LONGESPICA. 
Central awn not sharply curved, the awns about equally divergent. 
Glumes unequal; awns flat at base, 10 to 15 mm. long. 14. A. ADSCENSIONIS. 
Glumes about equal; awns terete, 15 to 20 mm. long_._..._..... 15. A. INTERMEDIA. 
2b. Plants perennial. 
3a: Panicle open, the branches spreading (in A. pansa ascending), naked at base. 
(Group DIVARICATAE.) 
Panicle branches stiffly and abruptly spreading or reflexed at base. 
Branchlets divaricate‘and implicate: =. ee 16. A. BARBATA. 
Branchlets appressed. 
Summit of lemma narrowed into a twisted neck 2 to 5 mm. long. 
1 A. DIVARICATA. 


Summit of lemma somewhat narrowed but not twisted....... 18. A. HAMULOSA. 
Panicle branches drooping or ascending, not abruptly spreading at base. 
Lateral awns one-fourth to half as long as the central one.......... 19. A. PATULA. 


Lateral awns about as long as the central, at least more than half as long. 
20. A. PANSA. 
3b. Panicle narrow, the branches ascending or appressed (branches sometimes some- 
what spreading in A. parishii and A. purpurea). 
Column 1 em. or more long, twisted; glumes awned.._..........-..- 21. <A. SPICIFORMIS. 
Column less than 1 em. long. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 463 


Creeping rhizomes present. Glumes unequal, awned; awns loosely twisted at base, 
the central a little longer, 18 to 24 mm. long.._........_.... 31. A. RHIZOMOPHORA. 
Creeping rhizomes wanting (sometimes short ones in A. stricta). 
4g. First glume about half as long as the second (as much as two-thirds as long 
in A. glauca). (Group PURPUREAE.) 
Lemma tapering into a slender somewhat twisted beak 5 to 6 mm. long; awns 
Ie 5tor2-orcm. long. widely spreading... 2 a 22. A. GLAUCA. 
Lemma beakless or only short-beaked. 
Branches of the rather loose and nodding panicle slender and flexuous (see 
also A. longiseta var. rariflora). 
Lemma about 1 cm. long; awns 3 to 5 cm. long........ 23. A. PURPUREA. 
Lemma 7 to 8 mm. long; awns about 2cm.long.... 24. A. ROEMERIANA. 
Branches of the erect panicle stiff and appressed, or the lowermost some- 
times somewhat flexuous. 
Panicle mostly more than 15 cm. long, the branches several-flowered; 
awns about 2 em. long. Sheaths with a villous line across the collar. 
25. A. WRIGHTII. 
Panicle mostly less than 15 cm. long, the branches few-flowered; awns 2 
to several cm. long. 
Lemma gradually narrowed above, scaberulous on the upper half; 
leaves mostly in a short curly cluster at the base of the plant. 
27. A. FENDLERIANA. 
Lemma scarcely narrowed above, scaberulous only at the tip; leaves 
NOt ConsplcuoUsly Dasal—_ = 2-22 26. A. LONGISETA. 
4b, First glume more than half as long as the second. (Usually the glumes about 
equal or the first sometimes a little longer.) 
Sheaths lanate-pubescent. Panicle branched, somewhat spreading; central 
awn 1.5 to 2.5 em. long, spreading or reflexed from a curved base. 
28. A. LANOSA. 
Sheaths not lanate-pubescent. 
Column of awn at maturity 3 to 5 mm. long, distinctly twisted. 
29. A. ARIZONICA. 
Column of awn less than 3 mm. long, or if so long, not twisted. 
Blades villous on upper surface near base, involute...... 30. A. STRICTA. 
Blades not involute and villous at base. 
Awns at maturity about equally divergent, sometimes slightly twisted 
but not spirally contorted at base. 
Lemma about 7 mm. long; awns horizontally spreading; panicle 
usually more than 20 cm. long...._....__. 32. A. PURPURASCENS. 
Lemma 10 to 12 mm. long; awns somewhat spreading but scarcely 
horizontal; panicle mostly 10 to 15 cm. long. 
33. <A. PARISHII. 
Awns at maturity unequally divergent or spirally contorted at base. 
Awns not spirally contorted at base; central awn more spreading than 
the others, curved at base, sometimes reflexed. 
Lateral awns erect, two-thirds to three-fourths as long as the 


central. 
Glumes about: 12 mmlongs.. 2 1 ee 34, A. AFFINIS. 
Glumesiabout Otmmjlong! 2 = 2 35. <A. VIRGATA. 


Lateral awns spreading or reflexed. Panicles nearly simple. 
Glumes 6 to 7 mm. long; spikelets mostly in pairs. 
, 36. A. SIMPLICIFLORA. 
Glumes about 1 cm. long; spikelets solitary.... 37. A. MOHRII. 
Awns spirally contorted at base, spreading. 
Blades flat (sometimes subinvolute in A. condensata). 
Panicle slender, the branches short, rather distant, few-flowered. 
38. A. TENUISPICA. 
Panicle rather thick, the branches as much as 10 cm. long, 
rather densely many-flowered____...... 39. A. CONDENSATA. 
BlaGestimvolutert ces. 5 .Fe 6i to aa ae Et 40. A. GYRANS. 


Srecrion 1. ARTHRATHERUM (Beauv.) 


Hance uous; glumes l-nerved; awns 


nearly equal. 
Lemma articulate with the column of 1. Aristida desmantha Trin. and 
the awns, the latter finally decid- Rupr. (Fig. 672.) Annual; branching, 


464 


Figure 672.—Aristida desmantha, X 1. (Reverchon 
3428, Tex.) 


as much as 80 cm. tall; sheaths often 
woolly; blades folded or involute, 2 
to 3 mm. wide; panicle as much as 20 
cm. long, the branches stiffly ascend- 
ing, very scabrous, bearing 1 to few 
spikelets; glumes slightly unequal, 
the body about 1 cm. long, tapering 
into an awn about half as long; lemma 
7 to 8 mm. long, glabrous below, 


FiauRe 673.—Aristida tuberculosa, X 1. (V. H. Chase 
322, Ind.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


somewhat laterally compressed and - 
shghtly twisted at summit, the 
densely pubescent callus about 2 mm. 
long; awns 2 to 2.5 em. long, united 
for 1 to 2 mm., the bases curved in 
a semicircular somewhat contorted 
bend, the upper part thus usually de- 
flexed. © —Open sandy soil or 
sandy woods, Illinois, Nebraska, and 
Texas. 

2. Aristida tuberculésa Nutt. (Fig. 
673.) Annual; culms branching, 30 to 
60 cm. or even | m. tall; blades in- 
volute, 2 to 4 mm. wide when flat; 
panicle 10 to 20 cm. tall, the branches 
stiffly ascending; glumes about equal, 
gradually narrowed into an awn, 
about 2.5 cm. long, including the 
awn; lemma 11 to 13 mm. long, gla- 
brous, except for the slightly sca- 
brous summit, extending downward 
into a densely pubescent callus 3 to 
4 mm. long; column of awns twisted, 
10 to 15 mm. long, the upper 2 or 3 
mm. twisted but not united, above 
this forming a semicircular bend, the 
terminal straight part of the awns 
usually deflexed, 3 to 4 cm. long. 
© —Open sandy woods, Massa- 
chusetts to Georgia and Mississippi 
near the coast; around the southern 
end of Lake Michigan and in other 
localities in Wisconsin, Indiana, Illi- 
nois, Iowa, and Minnesota. 

3. Aristida californica Thurb. (Fig. 
674.) Perennial, tufted, much 
branched at base; culms pubescent, 
10 to 30 cm. tall; blades mostly in- 
volute and less than 5 cm. long; pan-. 
icles numerous, mostly reduced to 
few-flowered racemes; first glume 
about 8 mm. long, the second about 
12 mm. long; lemma 5 to 7 mm. long, 
glabrous below, scaberulous toward 
the summit, the strongly pubescent 
callus 1.5 to 2 mm. long; column 15 
to 20 mm. long, the awns about equal, 
2.5 to 3.5 em. long, spreading hori- 
zontally, the bases arcuate and 
slightly contorted. 21 —Dry sandy 
or gravelly soil, deserts of southern 
California, southwestern Arizona, and 
northern Mexico. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


4. Aristida glabrata (Vasey) 
Hitche. (Fig. 675.) Perennial; culms 
erect, branched, glabrous, 20 to 40 
em. tall; blades mostly involute, those 
of the culm 1 to 3 cm. long; panicle 
narrow, 3 to 6 em. long; first glume 
5 to 6 mm., the second 10 to 12 mm. 
long; lemma 5 to 7 mm. long, the 
twisted column 6 to 14 mm. long; 
awns about equal, divergent, 2 to 3 
cm. long. 2 —Open dry ground, 
southern Arizona to Baja California. 


SECTION 2. STREPTACHNE (R. Br.) Domin 
(Sect. Uniseta Hitchce.) 


Lateral awns minute (less than 1 mm. 
long) or wanting (see also A. 
dichotoma and A. ramosissima of 
Section Chaetaria); lemma not 
articulate with the column of 
the awn. 

5. Aristida térnipes Cav. SprpeR 

GRASS. (Fig. 676.) Perennial; culms 


Figure 674.—Aristida californica, X 1. (Kearney 
3524, Ariz.) 


Ficure 675.—Aristida glabrata, X 1. (Griffiths 7312, 
erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, 
involute toward the end and tapering 
into a fine point, as much as 40 cm. 
long, 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle open, 
one-third to half the entire height of 
the plant, the branches few, distant, 
spreading, scabrous, mostly naked at 
base; spikelets appressed at the ends 
of the branches; glumes about equal, 
8 to 10 mm. long; lemma glabrous, 
often strongly scabrous on the keel, 
gradually narrowed into a laterally 
compressed scabrous falcate beak, 
l-nerved on each side, this extending 
into a single straight or divergent sca- 
brous nearly terete awn, the obsolete 


466 


FIGURE 676.—Aristida ternipes, X 1. (Griffiths 7271, 
iz.) 


ATIZ. 


or minute lateral awns about 1.7 mm. 
above the lemma, the central awn 10 
to 15 mm. long. QA (A. scabra 
Kunth.)—Rocky hills and dry pla- 
teaus, Texas, New Mexico, and Ari- 
zona to northern South America; Ba- 
hamas, Cuba. ARISTIDA TERNIPES 
var. Minor (Vasey) Hitche. Smaller 
and often prostrate or ascending, the 
panicle usually more than half the 
length of the entire plant, less diffuse, 
the shorter branches usually stiffly 
spreading or somewhat deflexed. 2 
(A. divergens Vasey.)—Rocky hills 
and plains, Texas to Arizona; Nic- 
aragua. 


Figure 677.—Aristida floridana, X 1. (Blodgett, Fla.) 


6. Aristida floridana (Chapm.) 
Vasey. (Fig. 677.) Resembling A. 
ternipes, but differing in having a nar- 
row panicle with ascending branches 
3 to 5 em. long, spikelet-bearing 
nearly to the base; awns sickle- 
shaped, the column somewhat twist- 
ed. 21 —Known only from the 
original collection from Key West, 
Fla. 


Figure 678.—Aristida orcuttiana. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 2. ; (Smith, N. Mex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


7. Aristida orcuttiana Vasey. Brc- 
GARTICK GRASS. (Fig. 678.) Perennial; 
culms erect, 30 to 60 cm. or even 1 
m. tall; blades flat or the upper in- 
volute, as much as 3 mm. wide; pan- 
icle open, as much as 30 cm. long, 
nodding or drooping, the branches 
few, distant, spreading or drooping, 
as much as 20 cm. long; glumes equal 
or nearly so, 10 to 15 mm. long; 
lemma 8 to 10 mm. long, gradually 
narrowed into a scabrous twisted 
column, the total length to the bend 
10 to 17 mm.; central awn divergent, 
5 to 10 mm. long, the lateral awns 
from obsolete to as much as 1 to 2 
mm. long, erect. 2 —Rocky hills 
and plains, Texas to southern Cali- 
fornia (San Diego), and northwestern 
Mexico. 


SECTION 3. CHaArTARIA (Beauv.) Trin. 


Lateral awns more than 1 mm. long, 
usually well developed; lemma 
not articulate with the column 
of the awns. 


Fiaure 679.—Aristida basiramea, X 1. (Pammel 174, 
owa. 


8. Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex 
Vasey. (Fig. 679.) Annual; branching 
at base, 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades flat, 
as much as 15 em. long and 1.5 mm. 
wide; panicles terminal and axillary, 
the terminal 5 to 10 cm. long, the 


467 


Ficure 680.—<Aristida deel eloma, X 1. (Jackson 1829, 
Del.) 


axillary mostly enclosed in the 
sheaths; glumes somewhat unequal, 
12 to 15 mm. long; lemma about 1 
em. long; central awn coiled at base, 
10 to 15 mm. long, the lateral awns 
half to two-thirds as long, somewhat 
spreading. © —Open barren or 
sandy soil, Maine to North Dakota, 
south to Kentucky, Oklahoma, and 
Colorado; introduced in Maine. 

9. Aristida dichétoma Michx. (Fig. 
680.) Annual; culms branched at base, 
20 to 40 em. tall; blades short, the 
lower mostly flat, scarcely 1 mm. 
wide, the upper involute; panicles 
terminal and axillary, the terminal 
usually less than 10 em. long, the 
lateral small; glumes about equal, 6 
to 8 mm. long; lemma 5 to 6 mm. 
long; central awn spirally coiled, 
horizontally bent, 3 to 6 mm. long, 
the lateral awns erect, about 1 mm. 
long. © —Dry open ground, 
Maine to Wisconsin and eastern Kan- 
sas, south to Florida and Texas. 

10. Aristida curtissii (A. Gray) 
Nash. (Fig. 681.) Annual; similar to 
A. dichotoma, differing in the less 
branching habit, the longer and more 


468 


FIGURE 681.—Aristida curtissii, X 1. (Waite, Il.) 


conspicuous blades, the looser pan- 
icles of larger spikelets, the more un- 
equal glumes, the longer second 
glume (about 1 cm. long), the longer 
smooth lemma (about 1 em. long) and 
central awn, and the usually longer 
lateral awns; central awn about 1 
em. long, the lateral awns 2 to 4 mm. 
long. © —Open dry ground, 
Maryland and Virginia to South Da- 
kota, Wyoming, Colorado, and Ken- 
tucky to Oklahoma; Florida. 

11. Aristida oligantha Michx. 
PRAIRIE THREE-AWN. (Fig. 682.) An- 
nual, much branched; culms 30 to 50 
em. tall; blades flat or loosely invo- 
lute, usually not more than 1 mm. 
wide; panicle loose, 10 to 20 em. long; 
spikelets short-pediceled, the lower 
often in pairs: glumes about equal, 2 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


to 3 cm. long, tapering into an awn, 
the first 3- to 5-nerved; lemma about 
2 cm. long, the awns about equal, 
divergent, 4 to 7 cm. long, somewhat 
spirally curved at base. © —Open 
dry ground, Massachusetts to South 
Dakota, south to Florida and Texas; 
Oregon to Arizona. 

12. Aristida ramosissima Engelm. 
ex A. Gray. (Fig. 683.) Annual, much 
branched; culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; 
blades flat or involute, about 1 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, 8 to 12 cm. 
long; glumes 3- to 5-nerved, the first 
about 15 mm., the second about 2 
cm. long, including an awn 3 to 5 
mm. long; lemma about 2 cm. long, 
tapering into a neck about 5 mm. 
long; central awn with a semicircular 
bend or part of a coil at base, 15 to 
20 mm. long, spreading, the lateral 
awns reduced or as much as 6 mm. 
long, rarely longer. © —Open 
sterile soil, Indiana to Iowa, south 
to Tennessee, Louisiana, Oklahoma, 
and Texas. 

13. Aristida longespica Poir. (Fig. 
684.) Annual, branched; culms 20 to 
40 cm. tall; blades flat or involute, 
about 1 mm. wide; panicles narrow, 
slender, the terminal 10 to 15 cm. or 
even 20 cm. long; glumes about equal, 
5 mm. long; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long; 
central awn sharply curved at base, 
spreading, 5 to 15 mm. long, the 
lateral awns erect, one-third to half 
as long as the central, sometimes 
only 1 mm. long. © (A. gracilis 
Ell.)—Sterile or sandy soil, New 
Hampshire to Michigan and Kansas, 
south to Florida and Texas, especially 
on the Coastal Plain. In the typical 
form the lateral awns are short; in 
var. geniculata Fernald (A. genicu- 
lata Raf.) the lateral awns are more 
than one-third as long as the central 
one. 

14. Aristida adscensiOnis L. Srx- 
WEEKS THREE-AWN. (Fig. 685.) An- 
nual, branched at base, erect or 
spreading; culms 10 to 80 cm. tall; 
panicle narrow and usually rather 
compact, 5 to 10 cm. long, or longer 
in large plants; first glume 5 to 7 


469 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


_ Plant, X %; glumes and floret, X 2 


470 


Fictre 683.—Aristida ramosissima, 
18549, Ind.) 


mm. long, the second 8 to 10 mm. 
long; lemma 6 to 9 mm. long, com- 
pressed toward the scarcely beaked 
summit, scabrous on the upper part 
of the keel; awns about equal (the 
lateral occasionally shorter), mostly 
10 to 15 mm. long, about equally 
divergent at an angle of as much 
as 45°, flat and without torsion 
at base. © —Dry open ground, 
Missouri (Courtney); southern Kan- 
sas to Texas, west to Nevada and 
southern California, southward to 
Argentina; a common weed in the 
American tropics; warmer parts of the 
Old World. Originally described from 
Ascension Island. Variable in size 
from depauperate plants a few centi- 
meters tall with shorter contracted 
panicle (A. bromozdes H. B. K.) to tall 
slender plants with large open panicle 
(A. fasciculata Torr.). 

15. Aristida intermédia Scribn. and 
Ball. (Fig. 686.) Annual, simple or 
branched, 20 to 40 em. tall; blades 
flat or involute, mostly less than 10 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cm. long and 2 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, slender, loosely flowered, 10 
to 20 cm. long; glumes about equal, 
1 cm. long; lemma 8 mm. long; 
awns about equal, all somewhat di- 
vergent, 1.5 to 2 cm. long. ©O — 
Low sandy soil, Indiana and Michigan 
to Nebraska, south to Florida (Pen- 
sacola), Mississippi, and Texas. The 
measurements of the spikelet are 
sometimes less than those given, 
especially in plants attacked by smut. 

16. Aristida barbata Fourn. 
HAVARD THREE-AWN. (Fig. 687.) 
Perennial, forming hemispherical 
tufts as much as 30 cm. in diameter, 
the culms rather stiffly radiating in 
all directions, 15 to 30 cm. long; 
blades closely involute, mostly less 
than 10 cm. long and 0.5 mm. thick; 
panicles about half the length of the 
entire plant, open, the branches di- 
varicately spreading or somewhat re- 
flexed, mostly 3 to 6 cm. long, in 
pairs or with short basal branchlets, 
but without long naked base, the 
branchlets and pedicels implicate or 
flexuous, the whole panicle fragile at 
maturity, breaking away and rolling 
before the wind; glumes about equal, 
1 cm. long; lemma gradually nar- 
rowed into a straight or twisted 
scaberulous beak, the entire length 
8 to 10 mm.; awns somewhat di- 


FicureE 684.— Aristida longespica, X 1. (Vasey, D.C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


471 


FiaureE 685.—Aristida adscensionis, * 1. (Barle 559, 
N. Mex. 


vergent, nearly equal, 15 to 20 mm. 
long. 2 (A. havardii Vasey.)— 
Hills and plains, western Texas to 
Arizona and central Mexico. 

17. Aristida divaricata Humb. and 
Bonpl. ex Willd. Poverty THREE- 
AWN. (Fig. 688.) Perennial; culms 
erect or prostrate-spreading, usually 
30 to 60 cm. long, sometimes longer; 
blades flat or usually loosely involute, 
or the basal closely involute, mostly 
less than 3 mm. wide; panicle large, 
diffuse, usually as much as half the 
entire length of the culm, the branches 
spreading or reflexed, naked below; 
glumes nearly equal, 1 cm. long; 
lemma | cm. long, narrowed into a 
twisted beak 2 to 5 mm. long; awns 
about equal, 10 to 15 mm. long. 
—Dry hills and plains, Kansas to 
southern California, south to Texas 
and Guatemala. 

18. Aristida hamulosa Henr. (Fig. 
689.) Resembling A. divaricata; lem- 


Figure 686.—Aristida intermedia, X 1. (Kearney 
iss.) 


ma somewhat narrowed at summit 
but not twisted, central awn a little 
longer than the two lateral ones. 2 
—Dry hills and plains, western 
Texas to southern California, south 


x ik 


Figure 687.—Aristida barbata, (Wooton, 


N. Mex.) 


472 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U 


Figure 688.—Aristida divaricata, 
N. Mex.) 


xX 1. (Talbot, 


to Guatemala. In Arizona more 
common than A. divaricata. 

19. Aristida patula Chapm. ex 
Nash. (Fig. 690.) Perennial, erect, as 
much as | m. tall; blades flat, be- 
coming involute especially at the 
slender tip, elongate, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; panicle loose and open, one- 


0 

% 

2 

ts) 

Mi 

nd 

a 
a 
\G X 
\\\ \ 
X 
oe 


.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


third to half the entire length of the 
culm, the branches drooping, naked 
below, as much as 20 cm. long; 
glumes 12 to 15 mm. long, nearly 
equal; lemma 10 to 12 mm. long; 
central awn straight, 2 to 2.5 cm. 
long, the lateral scarcely diverging, 
5 to 10 mm. long. 2 —Moist 
sandy pine barrens and low open 
ground, peninsular Florida. 

20. Aristida pansa Woot. and 
Standl. WooToN THREE-AWN. (Fig. 
691.) Perennial; culms stiffly erect, 
slender, wiry, 20 to 40 cm. tall; 
blades closely involute, 0.5 mm. thick, 
often flexuous; panicle rather nar- 


Figure 690.—Aristida patula, X 1. (Hitchcock, Fla.) 


FiGuRE 689.—Aristida hamulosa. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 3. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


row, open, rather stiffly upright, 10 
to 20 em. long, the branches stiffly 
ascending, 4 to 8 cm. long; spikelets 
erect or narrowly ascending on the 
branchlets; first glume 5 to 7 mm. 
long, the second 7 to 10 mm. long; 
lemma about as long as the second 
glume, or slightly longer, tapering 
into a scabrous slightly twisted beak 
about 2 mm. long; awns about equal, 


Figure 691.—Aristida pansa, X 1. (Wooton, 
. Mex.) 


divergent or finally nearly horizon- 
tally spreading, 10 to 20 mm. long, 
the bases finally somewhat curved 
or warped. 2 -—Plains and open 
ground, western Texas to Arizona; 
northern Mexico. 

21. Aristida spiciformis Ell. (Fig. 
692.) Perennial; culms strictly erect, 
50 to 100 cm. tall; blades erect, flat 
or usually involute, elongate, 1 to 3 
mm. wide; panicle erect, dense and 
spikelike, 10 to 15 em. long, more or 
less spirally twisted; glumes unequal, 


473 


abruptly long-awned, the first 4 mm. 
long, the second 8 to 10 mm. long, 
the awns usually 10 to 12 mm. long; 
lemma 5 to 6 mm. long, extending 
into a slender twisted column 1 to 
3 cm. long; awns about equal, 2 to 
3 cm. long, divergent or horizontally 
spreading, more or less curved or 
warped at base. 21 —Pine barrens 
along the coast, South Carolina to 


Figure 692.—Aristida spiciformis, *X 1. (Combs and 
Baker 1115, Fla.) 


Florida and Mississippi; Cuba, Puerto 
Rico. 

22. Aristida glatica (Nees) Walp. 
REVERCHON THREE-AWN. (Fig. 693.) 
Perennial; culms erect, 20 to 40 cm. 
tall; blades involute, mostly curved 
or flexuous, 5 to 10 cm. long, about 
1 mm. thick; panicle narrow, erect, 
rather few-flowered, mostly 8 to 15 
em. long, the branches stiffly ap- 
pressed; first glume 5 to 8 mm. long, 
the second about twice as long; lem- 
ma 10 to 12 mm. long, tapering into 


474 


a minutely scabrous, slender, some- 
what twisted beak about half the 
total length of the lemma; awns equal, 
divergent or horizontally spreading, 
1.5 to 2.5 cm. long. 2 (A. rever- 
choni Vasey.)—Dry or rocky hills 
and plains, Texas to Utah, Nevada, 
and southern California, south to 
Puebla, Mexico. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U 


FIGURE 693.—Aristida glauca, X 1. (Reverchon 1237, 
Tex.) 


23. Aristida purpirea Nutt. Pur- 
PLE THREE-AWN. (Fig. 694.) Peren- 
nial, often in large tufts; culms 30 
to 50 cm. tall; blades usually involute 
and less than 10 cm. long, 1 to 1.4 
mm. wide when unrolled; panicle 
narrow, nodding, rather lax and loose, 
usually purplish, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
the branches and longer pedicels 
capillary, more or less curved or 
flexuous; first glume 6 to 8 mm. long, 
the second about twice as long; lem- 
ma about 1 cm. long, the body 
tapering to a scarcely beaked sum- 
mit, tuberculate-scabrous in lines 
from below the middle to the sum- 
mit; awns nearly equal, spreading, 3 
to 5 cm. long. 2 —Dry hills and 


S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


plains, Arkansas and Kansas_ to 
Utah and Texas to southern Cali- 
fornia; northern Mexico. ARISTIDA 
PURPUREA var. LAXIFLORA Merr. 
Panicle few-flowered, the capillary 
branches bearing 1 or 2 spikelets. 
2} —Texas to Arizona. 

24. Aristida roemeriana Scheele. 
(Fig. 695.) Differing from A. pur- 
purea chiefly in the smaller spikelets; 
first glume 4 to 5 mm. long; lemma 
7 to 8 mm. long, the awns about 2 
cm.long. 2 (A. micrantha Nash.) 
—Texas, New Mexico, and northern 
Mexico. 

25. Aristida wrightii Nash. (Fig. 
696.) Perennial; culms tufted, erect, 
30 to 60 em. tall; sheaths villous at 
the throat and with a more or less 
hispid or villous line across the collar; 
blades involute, curved or fiexuous; 
panicle erect, narrow, 15 to 20 cm. 
long; first glume 6 to 7 mm. long, the 
second about twice as long; lemma 10 
to 12 mm. long; awns nearly equal, 
about 2 cm. long, divergent. 2 — 
Dry plains and hills, Oklahoma, 
Texas, Colorado, and Utah to south- 
ern California and central Mexico. 

26. Aristida longiséta Steud. REp 
THREE-AWN. (Fig. 697.) Perennial, 
often in large bunches; culms 20 to 30 
cm. tall; blades involute, curved or 
flexuous, usually less than 15 cm. 
long; panicle narrow, erect but not 
stiff, few-flowered, the axis only a 
few cm. long, the branches ascending 
or appressed, or the lower more or 
less curved or flexuous; first glume 8 
to 10 mm. long, the second about 
twice as long; lemma terete, 12 to 15 
mm. long, only slightly narrowed 
above, glabrous or the upper part 
scaberulous but scarcely tuberculate- 
scabrous in lines as in A. purpurea; 
awns about equal, divergent, 6 to 8 
em.long. 2 
North Dakota and Iowa to Montana 
and British Columbia, south to 
Texas, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 
ARISTIDA LONGISETA var. RARIFLORA 
Hitche. Differing in the few-flowered 
panicles with capillary  flexuous 
branches bearing 1 or 2 spikelets. 


—Plains and foothills, | 


— 


of ee & 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 475 


Ne 


\ aN 
ILS 


NN 


ASS 


SS SX N 
y : a AS 
OS 


476 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


21 —Texas to Colorado and Ari- 
zona. 

ARISTIDA LONGISETA var. ROBUSTA 
Merr. Taller and more robust, 30 to 
50 cm. tall, the blades longer and not 
in conspicuous basal tufts, the pan- 
icle longer, stiffer, and the branches 
more stiffly ascending, the awns 
mostly 4 to 5 cm. long. 2 —Same 
range but more common northward, 
extending east to Minnesota and 
west to Washington and California. 

27. Aristida fendleriana Steud. 
FENDLER THREE-AWN. (Fig. 698.) 
Resembling A. longiseta; differing in 
the numerous short curly blades at 
the base of the plant, the shorter 
glumes (the first about 7 mm. long), 
the gradually narrowed lemma, sca- 
berulous on the upper half, and the 
shorter awns (2 to 5 cm. long). 2 
—Dry plains and hills, North Dakota 
and Montana, south to Texas, Ne- 
vada, and southern California; Mex- 
ico. 

28. Aristida lanodsa Muhl. ex EI. 
(Fig. 699.) Perennial; culms solitary 
or few in a tuft, rather robust, 1 to 
1.5 m. tall; sheaths lanate-pubescent 
or rarely glabrous; blades flat, elon- 


Ficure 697.—Aristida longiseta, * 1. (Thompson 63, Kans.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


gate, as much as 4 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, rather loose, as much as 40 
em. long; first glume 12 to 14 mm. 
long, the second about 10 mm.; lemma 
8 to 9 mm. long; central awn horizon- 
tally spreading or reflexed from a 
curved base, 1.5 to 3 cm. long, the 
lateral half to two-thirds as long, 
erect or spreading. 2 —Dry sandy 
soil of the Coastal Plain, New Jersey 
and West Virginia to Florida and 
Texas; Tennessee; Oklahoma and 
Missouri. A slender form 65 cm. tall, 
with fewer-flowered panicle, the 


Figure 698.—Aristida fendleriana, X 1. (Coville 
89, Ariz.) 


477 


——— 

Fa head Lmao. 
BASRA OH A MIRA eal v 

ee eee 


- 
Sa 


RS 


Na ( } ke | 
\H f Vy) , y; 
a \ V4 y Z Mi 


Ficure 699.—Aristida lanosa, X 1. (Canby, Md.) 


lemma 10 mm. long, the central awn 
2.5 to 3 cm. long, has been differen- 
tiated as A. lanosa var. macera Fern. 


Ficure 700.—Aristida arizonica, X 1. (Rusby, Ariz.) 


29. Aristida arizonica Vasey. ARI- 
ZONA THREE-AWN. (Fig. 700.) Peren- 
nial; culms erect, 30 to 120 cm. tall; 
blades flat, narrowed to a fine invo- 
lute point or some of them involute 
throughout, 1 to 4 mm. wide, the old 
ones usually curled or flexuous; pan- 


478 
icle narrow, erect, closely flowered or 
more or less interrupted at base, 10 to 
25 em. long; glumes equal or nearly 
so, awn-pointed, 10 to 15 mm. long; 
lemma 1 to 1.5 em. long, including 
the more or less twisted beak of about 
3 to 5mm.; awns about equal, ascend- 
ing, 1 to 2 cm. long. 2 —Dry 
plains, stony hillsides, and open 
forest, mostly at 1,500 to 2,500 m. 
altitude, southern Colorado and west- 
ern Texas to Arizona. 


\\W 


Figure 701.—Aristida ee < 1. (Chase 4565, 
INE AG: 


30. Aristida stricta Michx. PINz- 
LAND THREE-AWN. (Fig. 701.) Peren- 
nial; culms erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades closely involute, villous on the 
upper surface above the base (the 
hairs visible without unrolling the 
blade), elongate, 1 mm. thick; pan- 
icle slender, as much as 30 cm. long; 
glumes about equal, 7 to 10 mm. 
long; lemma 6 to 8 mm. long, scarcely 
beaked; awns divergent, the central 
- 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the lateral a little 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


shorter. 21 —Common in pine bar- 
rens, North Carolina to Florida, west 
to Mississippi. 

31. Aristida rhizomophora Swallen. 
(Fig. 702.) Perennial; culms tufted, 
erect, 65 to 80 cm. tall, producing 
well-developed scaly rhizomes; blades 
firm, flat or folded, 7 to 10 cm. long, 
1 to 2 mm. wide, those of the innova- 
tions flexuous, as much as 30 cm. 
long; panicle flexuous, 20 to 30 cm. 
long, the distant branches somewhat 
spreading, few-flowered,  spikelet- 
bearing from near the base; glumes 
acuminate, usually awned, the first 8 
to 14 mm. long, the second 12 to 17 
mm. long (including the awn); lemma 
9 to 12 mm. long, the callus 1 mm. 
long, the awns flexuous, curved or 
loosely twisted at base, spreading, the 
central often reflexed by a semicir- 
cular bend, 18 to 28 mm. long, the 
lateral 15 to 20 mm. long. 2 — 
Prairies, peninsular Florida. 

32. Aristida purpurascens Poir. 
ARROWFEATHER. (Fig. 703.) Peren- 
nial; culms tufted from a rather thin, 
weak, sometimes decumbent base, 
slender, 40 to 70 cm. or even 1 m. 
tall; blades flat, rather lax and flex- 
uous (especially the old ones), usu- 
ally less than 2 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, rather lax and nodding, one- 
third to half the entire length of the 
plant; glumes about equal, mostly 8 
to i2 mm. long; lemma about 7 mm. 
long; awns about equal, divergent or 
somewhat reflexed, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. 
long. 2 —Dry sandy soil, Massa- 
chusetts to Wisconsin and Kansas, 
south to Florida and Texas; British 
Honduras. 

33. Aristida parishii Hitche. (Fig. 
704.) Perennial; culms erect, 30 to 50 
cm. tall; blades more or less involute, 
sometimes flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide; 
panicle narrow, 15 to 30 cm. long; 
glumes short-awned, the first 12 mm. 
long, the second 1 or 2 mm. longer; 
lemma about 12 mm. long, tapering 
into a short, straight or obscurely 
twisted beak; awns about equal, di- 
vergent, about 2.5 cm. long. 21 — 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Dry or rocky soil, Nevada, Arizona, 
and southern California. 
34. Aristida __ affinis (Schult. ) 
Kunth. (Fig. 705.) Perennial; culms 
tufted from a hard thickened base, 
stiffly erect, rather stout, 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall; blades flat, becoming loosely in- 
volute, elongate, as much as 3 mm. 
wide; panicle narrow, virgate, as 
much as 50 cm. long; glumes equal, 
about 12 mm. long, the first with a 
distinct nerve on one side (thus 2- 
nerved); lemma 8 mm. long, the 
straight beak about 1 mm. long; cen- 
tral awn horizontally spreading, 1.5 
to 3 cm. long, the lateral awns erect, 
two-thirds to three-fourths as long. 
2 (A. palustris Vasey.)—Low pine 
barrens and flatwoods, North Caro- 
lina and Kentucky to Florida and 
Texas, mostly on the Coastal Plain. 


479 


Figure 702.—Aristida rhizomophora. Plant, X %; 
spikelet, X 2; two views of callus, * 10. (Type.) 


\ NNW 7 
a Ay | 
z sit We We 
ANY 


a a 


Figure 703.—Aristida purpurascens, X 1. (Chase 
4563, N. C.) 


480 


35. Aristida virgata Trin. (Fig. 
706.) Perennial; culms tufted from a 
rather slender soft base, erect, 50 to 
80 cm. tall; blades flat, rather lax, 
usually not more than 2 mm. wide; 
panicle slender, erect, though not very 
stiff, rather loosely flowered, one- 
third to half the entire length of the 
culm; glumes about equal, 6 to 7 mm. 
long; lemma 4 to 5 mm. long; central 
awn horizontally spreading or some- 
what reflexed, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the 
lateral awns erect, about two-thirds 
as long as the central. 2 (A. chap- 
maniana Nash.)—Moist sandy soil of 
the Coastal Plain, New Jersey to 
Florida and Texas. 

36. Aristida simplicifl6ra Chapm. 
(Fig. 707.) Perennial; culms erect 
from a rather delicate base, slender, 
30 to 60 cm. tall; blades flat, 5 to 15 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cm. long, 1 mm. wide; panicle slen- 
der, somewhat nodding, 10 to 20 
cm. long, few-flowered, the spikelets 
mostly in pairs; glumes equal, 6 to 
7 mm. long; lemma a little shorter 
than the glumes; central awn finally 
reflexed by a semicircular bend, 1 to 
1.5 em. long, the lateral awns hori- 
zontally spreading, a little shorter 
than the central one. 2 —Moist 
pine woods, rare, western Florida; 
Mississippi (McNeill). 

37. Aristida mohrii Nash. (Fig. 
708.) Perennial; culms erect, 40 to 60 
em. tall; blades flat or those of the 
innovations involute, 10 to 15 cm. 
long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, the uppermost 
reduced; panicle slender, strict, as 
much as 30 cm. long; spikelets soli- 
tary, appressed, distant, even the 
upper not overlapping; glumes equal, 
firm, rather broad toward the mu- 
cronate apex, 1 cm. long; lemma 
terete, a little shorter than the 
glumes; awns divergent, the central 
one reflexed by a semicircular bend 
near the base, 1.5 to 2 cm. long, the 
lateral ones scarcely shorter than the 
central, horizontally spreading or re- 


Figure 705.—Aristida affinis, X 1. (Combs 688, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


flexed. 2 —Sterile soil, South 
Carolina, Florida, and Alabama. 

38. Aristida tenuispica Hitche. 
(Fig. 709.) Perennial; culms slender, 
60 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, 10 to 
20 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, bearing 
scattered long hairs on the upper sur- 
face; panicle slender, about half the 
entire length of the culm; glumes 
nearly equal, about 8 mm. long; 
lemma 7 mm. long including a 1-mm. 
long beak; awns equal, 12 to 15 mm. 
long, spreading or reflexed, somewhat 
spirally contorted at base. 2 — 
Low pine barrens, peninsular Florida; 
British Honduras. 

39. Aristida condensata Chapm. 
(Fig. 710.) Perennial; culms rather 
robust, a meter or more tall; lower 
sheaths usually appressed pubescent; 
blades firm, flat, becoming involute, 
elongate, 2 to 3 mm. wide; panicle nar- 
row, as much as 30 cm. long, the 
branches 5 to 12 cm. long, ascending, 


\\ 
\ 
VA 


‘a 
SY 
NY | 
NG We, 


I, 
if 
Figure 706.—Aristida virgata, X 1. (Tracy 4667, 
Miss.) 


481 


Figure 708.—Aristida 
mohrii, X 1. (Mohr 
53, Ala.) 


Figure 707.—Aristida 
simpliciflora, X 1 
(Chapman, Fla.) 


closely flowered; glumes equal, 8 to 
9 mm. long; awns equal, divergent, 
10 to 15 mm. long, the base more or 
less contorted, finally forming a loose 
spiral. 21 —Sandy pine or oak 
barrens, North Carolina, Georgia, 
Florida, and Alabama, on the Coastal 
Plain. Specimens with glabrous lower 
sheaths have been differentiated as 
A. condensata var. combsiz (Scribn. 
and Ball) Heur. 

40. Aristida gyrans Chapm. (Fig. 
711.) Perennial; culms erect, slender, 
40 to 70 cm. tall; blades involute, 10 
to 15 cm. long, 1 mm. wide; panicle 
slender, rather lax, 15 to 30 cm. long, 
the branches appressed, not at all or 
only slightly overlapping, bearing 
mostly 1 to 3 spikelets; first glume 
7 to 8 mm. long, the second 10 to 11 
mm. long; lemma about 6 mm. long, 


482 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


the callus 1.5 mm. long, sharp; awns 
equal, divergent, 1 to 1.5 cm. long, 
about equally contorted at base in 
a loose spiral. 2 —Dry sandy 
soil, Georgia and Florida. 


FicuRE 709.—Aristida tenuispica, X 1. (Tracy 7104, 
Fla.) 


Ficure 711.—Aristida gyrans, X 1. (Combs 1289, 
Fla.) 


Fiaurre 710.—Aristida condensata, X 1. (Chapman, 
Fla.) 


TRIBE 6. ZOYSIEAE 


93. TRAGUS Hall. 
(Nazia Adans.) 


Spikelets 1-flowered, in small spikes of 2 to 5, the spikes subsessile, falling 
entire, the spikelets sessile on a very short zigzag rachis, the first glumes 
small, thin, or wanting, appressed to the rachis, the second glumes of the 2 
lower spikelets strongly convex with 3 thick nerves bearing a row of squarrose, 
stout hooked prickles along each side, the 2 second glumes forming the halves 
of a little bur, the upper 1 to 3 spikelets reduced and sterile; lemma and palea 


483 


thin, the lemma flat, the palea strongly convex. Low annuals, with flat blades 
and terminal inflorescence, the burs or spikes rather closely arranged along 
an elongate, slender axis. Type species, 7’ragus racemosus. Name from Greek 
tragos, he-goat, applied by Plinius to a plant. 


Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, the apex scarcely projecting beyond the spines, the bur nearly 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


SENSI LSS ee 1. T. BERTERONIANUS. 
Spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long, the acuminate apex projecting beyond the spines, the bur 
PCCICe CG ener eet tem ree cee e Tene e teers i heh nd, Sd eee ee ee ES 2. 'T. RACEMOSUS. 


1. Tragus berteronianus Schult. 
(Fig. 712.) Culms branched at base, 
spreading, 10 to 40 cm. long; blades 
firm, mostly less than 5 cm. long, 2 
to 4 mm. wide, the cartilaginous 
margin bearing stiff white hairs or 
short slender teeth; raceme dense, 4 
to 10 cm. long, 4 to 5 mm. thick; 
burs 2 to 3 mm. long, nearly sessile, 
the apex scarcely exceeding the 


WALES 
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nN — : F NN 
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spines. © (Thename Nazzaaliena 
Scribn. has been erroneously applied 
to the species..—Dry open ground, 
probably introduced, Texas to Ari- 
zona, south to Argentina; also in the 
warmer parts of the Old World; on 
ballast at Boston and on wool waste 
in Maine. 


Figure 712.—Tragus berteronianus. Plant, X %; bur and spikelet, X 5. (Hitchcock 3745, N. Mex.) 


484 


Figure 713.—Tragus racemosus, X 1. 
(Griffiths 1529, Ariz.) 


2. Tragus racemosus (L.) All. (Fig. 
713.) Differing from 7’. berteronianus 
in the larger burs, the spikelets 4 to 
4.5 mm. long, in the acuminate apex 
projecting beyond the spines, and 


in the pediceled burs. © (Naza 
racemosa Kuntze.)—Waste ground 
and on ballast at a few places from 
Maine to North Carolina; Texas to 
Arizona; introduced from the Old 
World. 


ANTHEPHORA Schreb. 


Spikelets with 1 perfect floret and 
a sterile lemma below, in clusters of 
4, the indurate first glumes united 
at base, forming a_pitcher-shaped 
pseudo-involucre, the clusters sub- 
sessile and erect on a slender, flexuous, 
continuous axis, deciduous at ma- 
turity. Type species, Anthephora ele- 


gans Schreb. (A. hermaphrodita). 
Name from anthe, blossom, and 
pherein, to bear. 

Anthephora hermaphrodita  (L.) 


Kuntze. Leafy ascending or decum- 
bent annual; culms mostly 20 to 50 
em. tall; blades flat, thin, 5 to 10 
mm. wide; spikes erect, 5 to 10 cm. 
long; first glume 5 to 7 mm. long, 
about 9-nerved; second glume nar- 
row, acuminate, shorter than the 
first, pubescent; sterile lemma 5- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


nerved, about as long as the fertile 
floret. © -—Escaped from experi- 
ment station plots, Florida (Gaines- 
ville); a common weed in tropical 
America. 


94. ZOYSIA Willd. 
(Osterdamia Neck.) 


Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally com- 
pressed, appressed flatwise against 
the slender rachis, glabrous, disar- 
ticulating below the glumes; first 
glume wanting; second glume cori- 
aceous, mucronate, or short-awned, 
completely infolding the thin lemma 
and palea, the palea sometimes ob- 
solete. Low perennials, with creeping 
rhizomes, short, pungently pointed 
blades, and terminal spikelike ra- 
cemes, the spikelets on short ap- 
pressed pedicels. Type species, Zoysva 
pungens Willd. Named for Karl von 
Zois. 

Several years ago a species of this 
genus was introduced into the United 
States as a lawngrass under the names 
Korean lawngrass and Japanese lawn- 
grass. It was recommended for the 
Southern States and was said to be 
hardy as far north as Connecticut. 
The species then introduced appears 
to be Zoysia japonica Steud. Recently 
a fine-leaved species, Zoysza tenuifolia 
Willd. ex Trin. (Mascarene grass), 
has been introduced in Florida and 
southern California (called in the 
latter region Korean velvet grass) and 
has given favorable results. These 
species may escape from cultivation. 
The original species, Z. matrella (L.) 
Merr. (Z. pungens Willd.), Manila 
grass (fig. 714.) common in the 
Philippine Islands, has been used in 
recent years for lawns from the Gulf 
States to Long Island, propagated 
by cuttings. The spikelets are about 
2.5 mm. long and 0.8 mm. wide. But 
little seed is produced. Sometimes 
called ‘‘Flawn.”’ 

In Z. japonica (Japanese lawn- 
grass) the blades are flat and rather 
stiff, 2 to 4 mm. wide, the spikelets 
about 3 mm. long and a little more 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 485 


—— ee 
= —————_——___|. 
‘ = = 


Z 


FAY 


E35 
ZF 


~~. 


SARS 


Figure 714.—Zoysia matrella. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Whitford 1303, P. I.) 


‘than 1 mm. wide. The rhizomes are spikelets much narrower than in Z. 
underground. In Z. tenwifolia the japonica, and the stolons are at or 
blades are involute-capillary, the near the surface of the soil. 


95. HILARIA H. B. K. 


Spikelets sessile, in groups of 3, the groups falling from the axis entire, the 
central spikelet (next the axis) fertile, 1-flowered (occasionally 2-flowered), 
the 2 lateral spikelets staminate, 2-flowered (occasionally 3-flowered); glumes 
coriaceous, those of the 3 spikelets forming a false involucre, in some species 
connate at the base, more or less asymmetric, usually bearing an awn on one 
side from about the middle (extension of the midnerve of the asymmetric 
glume); lemma and palea hyaline, about equal in length. Perennials, with 
stiff, solid culms and narrow blades, the groups of spikelets appressed to the 
axis, In terminal spikes. Type species, Hilaria cenchroides H: B. K. Named 
for Auguste St. Hilaire. 

All the species are important range grasses and resist close grazing. Curly 
mesquite is the dominant “‘short grass’’ of the Texas plains. The larger species 
are well known on the range in the arid and semiarid regions of the Southwest. 


486 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Culms white felty-pubescent 
Culms not felty-pubescent. 
Cluster of spikelets not flabellate; glumes of lateral spikelets narrowed toward summit. 
4. H. JAMESII. 
Cluster of spikelets flabellate; glumes (at least the outer one) of lateral spikelets broadest 
toward summit. 
Glumes subhyaline and fimbriate at summit; plants tufted, not stoloniferous. 
. H. MUTICA. 
Glumes firm, not fimbriate; plants stoloniferous (except in H. belangeri var. longifolia). 
Glumes of lateral spikelets much shorter than the florets, pale; group of spikelets 


eed eo gS les Rae. BOs Ia es 5. H. rIGmpa. 


Mostly o mm Mone 2 5c Mo Ie ee ee 1. H. BELANGERI. 
Glumes of lateral spikelets about equaling the florets, blackish; group of spikelets 
¢ bOI OM Pe cece ee = 5 ee ieee ee eee oe ee 2. H. SWALLENI. 


1. Hilaria belangéri (Steud.) Nash. 
CurRLY MESQUITE. (Fig. 715.) Plants these producing new tufts, the inter- 
in tufts, sending out slender stolons, nodes of the stolons wiry, 5 to 20 


Figure 715.—Hilaria belangeri. Plant, X %; two views of group of spikelets, X 5; fertile spikelet, staminate 
spikelet, and fertile floret, X 5. (Hitchcock, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


em. long; culms erect, slender, 10 to 
30 cm. tall, villous at the nodes; 
blades flat, 1 to 2 mm. wide, scabrous, 
more or less pilose, usually short, 
crowded at base, often forming a 
curly tuft, but sometimes longer and 
erect; spike usually 2 to 3 cm. long, 
with mostly 4 to 8 clusters of spike- 
lets, the axis flat, the internodes 
alternately curved, 3 to 5 mm. long; 
eroup of spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long; 
lateral spikelets attenuate at base, 
the glumes united below, firm, sca- 
brous, the outer lobe broadened up- 
ward, 2- to 3-nerved, the inner much 
reduced, the midnerve of both glumes 
extending into short awns, the first 
glume smaller, the lateral nerves 
sometimes excurrent into awns or 
teeth (the glumes variable in a single 
spike); fertile spikelet usually shorter 
than the sterile, rounded at base; 
glumes firm with deeply lobed thinner 
upper part, the midnerves extending 
into awns mostly exceeding the 
staminate spikelets; lemma com- 
pressed, narrowed above, awnless 2 
( H. texana Nash. )—Mesas and plains, 
Texas to Arizona and northern Mex- 
ico. H. cenchroides H. B. K., to 
which this species has commonly been 
referred, is confined to Mexico. H. 
BELANGERI Var. LONGIFOLIA (Vasey) 
Hitche. Stolons wanting; blades elon- 
gate. 2 —Arizona and Sonora. 
2. Hilaria swalleni Cory. (Fig.716.) 
Resembling H. belangert, culms to 
30 cm. tall; blades usually 2 mm. 
wide, scarcely curled; spike 2 to 4.5 
cm. long, with 3 to 8 clusters of 
spikelets, the internodes of the flat 
axis 4 to 6 mm. long; glumes of 
lateral spikelets similar, oblong, nar- 
rowed at base, about equaling the 
florets, firm and strongly pigmented 
except toward the summit, the nerves 
often rather obscure; awns of all 
glumes slightly longer than those of 
the preceding; fertile spikelet about 
equaling the sterile, the fertile floret 
slightly larger than in H. belangert. 
2| —Mesas and rocky plains, west- 
ern Texas and northern Mexico. Said 
to be better forage than H. belangert. 


487 


Figure 717.—Hilaria mutica, X 1. (Toumey, Ariz.) 


3. Hilaria miitica (Buckl.) Benth. 
ToBosa Grass. (Fig. 717.) Culms 
from a tough rhizomatous base, 30 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


488 


Figure 718.—Hilaria jamesii. Plant, X 1%; single spike, X 1; group of spikelets, two views (A), X 5; fertile 
spikelet (B), staminate spikelet (C), and fertile floret (D), X 5. (Tidestrom 1449 Utah.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


to 60 cm. tall, glabrous, the nodes 
pubescent; blades flat or somewhat 
involute, rather rigid, 2 to 38 mm. 
wide; spikes 4 to 6 cm. long; group of 
spikelets about 7 mm.-long; bearded 
at base; glumes of lateral spikelets 
very unsymmetrical, widened toward 
the ciliate summit, the nerves fla- 
bellate, not excurrent or barely so; 
fertile spikelet about equaling the 
lateral ones, its glumes strongly 
keeled, cleft into few to several nar- 
row ciliate lobes and slender awns; 
lemma exceeding the glumes, mucro- 
nate between 2 rounded lobes. 2 
 (Pleuraphis mutica Buckl.)—Dry 
plains and hills, Texas to Arizona 
and northern Mexico.. 

4, Hilaria jamésii (Torr.) Benth. 
GauLetTa. (Fig. 718.) Plants erect, 
the base often decumbent or rhi- 
zomatous, bearing also tough scaly 
rhizomes; culms glabrous, the nodes 
villous; sheaths glabrous or slightly 
scabrous, sparingly villous around the 
short membranaceous ligule; blades 
mostly 2 to 5 em. long, 2 to 4 mm. 
wide, rigid, soon involute, the upper 
reduced; group of spikelets 6 to 8mm. 
long, long-villous at base, similar to 
those of H. rigida, but the glumes of 
lateral spikelets acute, usually with 


a single awn; lemma of the fertile 


spikelet exceeding its glumes. 2 
(Pleuraphis jamesit Torr.)—Deserts, 
canyons, and dry plains, Wyoming 
and Utah to Texas and Inyo County, 
Calif. 

5. Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Benth. 
ex Scribn. Bic GALLETA. (Fig. 719.) 
Plants rather robust at base, branch- 
ing, the branches mostly erect or as- 
cending, the base rather woody, de- 
cumbent or rhizomatous; culms nu- 
merous, rigid, felty-pubescent, gla- 
brate and scabrous above, 50 to 100 
em. tall; leaves felty or glabrous, 
usually woolly at the top of the 
-sheath; blades spreading, 2 to 5 cm. 
long, or longer on sterile shoots, 2 
to 4mm. wide, more or less involute, 
acuminate into a rigid coriaceous 
point; group of spikelets about 8 mm. 
long, densely bearded at base; glumes 


489 


of lateral spikelets thin, long-ciliate, 
about 7-nerved, usually 2- to 4-lobed 
at the broad summit and with 1 to 
3 nerves excurrent into slender awns, 
nerves sometimes obscure and scarce- 
ly excurrent (variable in a single 
spike); fertile spikelet about equaling 
the lateral ones, its narrow glumes 
deeply cleft into few to several acumi- 
nate ciliate lobes and slender awns; 
lemma scarcely exceeding the glumes, 
thin, ciliate, 2-lobed, the midnerve 
excurrent into a short awn. 2 
(Pleuraphis rigida Thurb.)—Deserts, 
southern Utah and Nevada to Ari- 
zona, southern California, and Sonora. 


Figure 719.—Hilaria rigida, X 1. (Palmer 494, 
Utah.) 


96. AEGOPOGON Humb. and Bonpl. 
ex Willd. 


Spikelets on short flat pedicels, in 
groups of 3, the group short-pedun- 
culate, spreading, the peduncle dis- 
articulating from the axis and form- 
ing a pointed stipe below the group, 
this falling entire; central spikelet 
shorter pedicellate, fertile, the two 
lateral ones longer pedicellate and 
staminate or neuter; glumes mem- 
branaceous, notched at the apex, the 


490 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 720.—Aegopogon tenellus. Plant, X 4%; group of spikelets, X 5; lateral spikelets and central spikelet, 
X 10. (Pringle 1407, Mexico.) 


midnerve extending into a delicate 
awn; lemma and palea thinner than 
the glumes, extending beyond them, 
the lemma 3-nerved, the central nerve 
and sometimes also the lateral ones 
extending into awns, the palea 2- 
awned. Low, lax annuals, with short, 
narrow, flat blades and loose racemes 
of delicate groups of spikelets. Type 
species, Aegopogon cenchroides Humb. 
and Bonpl. Name from Greek azz, 


goat, and pogon, beard, alluding to 
the fascicle of awns of the spikelets. 

1. Aegopogon tenéllus (DC.) Trin. 
(Fig. 720.) Culms 10 to 20 cm. long, 
usually spreading or decumbent; 
blades 1 to 2 mm. wide; racemes 3 
to 5 em. long; spikelets, excluding 
awns, about 2 mm. long; lemma and 
palea of lateral spikelets broad and 
rounded at summit with a single 
delicate awn, those of the fertile 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


spikelet narrower, with one long and 
2 short awns. © -—Open ground, 
mountains of southern Arizona, south 
to northern South America. Lateral 
spikelets sometimes reduced or rudi- 


491 


mentary (var. abortivus (Fourn.) 
Beetle), but such spikelets and also 
central spikelets with reduced awns 
are found in plants with normal 
spikelets. 


TRIBE 7. CHLORIDEAE 
97. LEPTOCHLOA Beauv. SprANGLETOP 


Spikelets 2- to several-flowered, sessile or short-pediceled, approximate or 
somewhat distant along one side of a slender rachis, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes and between the florets; glumes unequal or nearly equal, 
awnless or mucronate, 1-nerved, usually shorter than the first lemma; lemmas 
obtuse or acute, sometimes 2-toothed and mucronate or short-awned from 
between the teeth, 3-nerved, the nerves sometimes pubescent. Annuals or 
perennials, with flat blades and numerous usually slender spikes or racemes 
borne on a common axis forming a long or sometimes short panicle. Type 
species, Leptochloa virgata. Name from Greek leptos, slender, and chloa, grass, 
alluding to the slender spikes. 

The only species of Leptochloa important as a forage grass is L. dubia, or 


sprangletop, of the Southwest, useful for grazing and for hay. 


Plants perennial. 


Lemmas broad, notched at apex, the lateral nerves glabrous...................... Ue 


L. DUBIA. 


Lemmas acute or awned, the lateral nerves pubescent. 
Lemmas about 3 mm. long; panicle flabellate, the axis short.... 2. L. CHLORIDIFORMIS. 
Lemmas about 1.5 mm. long; panicle oblong, the axis relatively long. 
Sheaths and blades glabrous; lemmas awnless or nearly so................ 3. L. VIRGATA. 
Sheaths and blades sparsely pilose; lemmas awned.................... 4, L. DOMINGENSIS. 


Plants annual. 


Sheaths papillose-pilose; first floret not longer than the second glume; spikelets mostly 


AS COMZ piatiae Ona Seer. I A xa SB 


L. FILIFORMIS. 


Sheaths smooth or scabrous, not pilose; spikelets more than 2 mm. long. 
Lemmas awned, awns sometimes minute. Culms freely branching. 
Lemmas viscid on the back; panicle oval, usually less than 10 cm. long, the longer 
branches usually less than 5 em. long; second glume 1.5 mm. long. 


6. L. viscipa. 


Lemmas not viscid; panicle more than 10 em. long, the longer branches usually as 


much as 10 cm. long; second glume 3 mm. long................ 7 


Lemmas awnless or mucronate only. 


Lemmas obtuse, sometimes mucronate. 


L. FASCICULARIS. 


Spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long, 6- to 9-flowered, lead color.............. 8. L. UNINERVIA. 
Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, 3- to 4-flowered, pale... 9. L. NEALLEYI. 


Lemmas acuminate. 


Sheaths scabrous, keeled and compressed.............-.------------2----+2---0--- 10. L. scaBRa. 
Sheaths smooth or slightly scabrous near apex, scarcely keeled or compressed. 


1. Leptochloa dibia (H. B. K.) 
Nees. GREEN SPRANGLETOP. (Tig. 
721.) Perennial; culms wiry, erect, 
00 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; 
blades flat or sometimes folded or 
loosely involute, scabrous, as much 
as 1 cm. wide, usually narrower; 
panicle of few to many spreading or 
ascending racemes 3 to 12 cm. long, 
approximate or somewhat distant on 
an axis as much as 15 cm. long; 
spikelets 5- to 8-flowered (or in re- 


L. PANICOIDES. 


duced specimens only 2-flowered), 5 
to 10 mm. long; lemmas broad, gla- 
brous on the internerves, obtuse or 
emarginate, the midnerve sometimes 
extending into a short point, the 
florets at maturity widely spreading, 
very different in appearance from 
their early phase. 2 —Rocky hills 
and canyons and sandy soil, southern 
Florida; Oklahoma and Texas to 
Arizona, south through Mexico; Ar- 


492 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cont W, 


Figure 721.—Leptochloa dubia. Panicle, X 1; two views of floret, X 
10. (Small, Carter, and Small 3572, Fla.) 


gentina. Racemes of cleistogamous 
spikelets are often found in the 
sheaths. 

2. Leptochloa_ chloridiférmis 
(Hack.) Parodi. (Fig. 722.) Robust 
tufted perennial, somewhat glaucous; 
culms erect, 80 to 150 cm. tall; sheaths 
scaberulous; ligule a dense line of 
white hairs, 1 to 2 mm. long; blades 
erect, elongate, flat, rather firm, 3 
to 4 mm. wide, villous on the upper 
surface near the base, the margins 
scabrous, long-attenuate; panicle long- 
exserted; spikes numerous (usually 
10 to 15), pale or stramineous, erect 
at base, flabellate or outcurved above, 
10 to 15 em. long, aggregate in 2 or 
3 whorls on an axis 3 to 4 cm. long; 
spikelets closely imbricate on a rachis 
0.6 mm. wide, 4-flowered, about 
4 mm. long; glumes acute, the first 
1.5 mm. long, the second 2.5 to 3 
mm. long; lemmas keeled, pilose on 
the margins nearly to apex, the mid- 
nerve extending beyond the obtuse 
tip as a minute mucro, the first and 
second florets about 3 mm. long, 
the other shorter, not extending 
much beyond the first two. 2 — 
Dry open ground, Cameron County, 
Tex.; Paraguay and Argentina. 

3. Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv. 
(Fig. 723.) Perennial; culms wiry, 
erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat; 
racemes several to many, slender, 
laxly ascending, 5 to 10 em. long, the 


lower distant, the others often aggre- 
gate; spikelets nearly sessile, mostly 
3- to 5-flowered; lemmas 1.5 to 2 mm. 
long, awnless or the lower with a 
short awn. 21 —Open ground and 
grassy slopes, southern Florida and 
southern Texas; tropical America. 

4, Leptochloa domingénsis (Jacq.) 
Trin. (Fig. 724.) Resembling LD. vir- 
gata; sheaths and blades sparsely 
pilose; panicle more elongate, the 
racemes shorter and more numerous; 
lemmas appressed-pubescent on the 
internerves, awned, the awn of the 
lower florets 1 to 3 mm. long. 2 
—Open ground and grassy slopes, 
southern Florida; Texas; tropical 
America. 

5. Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) 
Beauv. RED SPRANGLETOP. (Fig. 725.) 
Annual; the foliage and panicles often 
reddish or purple; culms erect or 
branching and geniculate below, 40 
to 70 cm. tall, or often dwarf; sheaths 
papillose-pilose, sometimes sparsely 
so; blades flat, thin, as much as 1 cm. 
wide; panicle somewhat viscid, of 
numerous approximate slender ra- 
cemes 5 to 15 cm. long, on an axis 
mostly about half the entire length of 
the culm; spikelets 3- to 4-flowered, 
1 to 2mm. long, rather distant on the 
rachis; glumes acuminate, longer than 
the first floret, often as long as the 
spikelet; lemmas awnless, pubescent 
on the nerves, 1.5 mm. long. © 


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MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


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— 


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Fieure 722.—Leptochloa chloridiformis. Panicle, X 1; 
floret, < 10. (Silveus 622, Tex.) 


(L. mucronata Kunth.)—Open or 
shady ground, a common weed in 
gardens and fields, Virginia to south- 
ern Indiana and eastern Kansas, 
south to Florida and Texas, west to 


493 


southern California; Massachusetts; 
throughout tropical America. Much 
of the material from the Southwest 
has shorter racemes. Smaller forms 
occur throughout. These have been 
called L. attenuata (Nutt.) Steud. 

6. Leptochioa viscida (Scribn.) 
Beal. (Fig. 726.) Annual, freely 
branching at base and from all the 
nodes, spreading or prostrate, the 
foliage and panicles somewhat viscid; 
culms 10 to 30 em. tall; blades flat; 
panicles ovoid, rather dense, 1 to 8 
em. long, tinged with purple, included 
at base; spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long, 
5- to 7-flowered; lemmas pubescent 
on the nerves, about 2 mm. long, 
short-awned. © —Open ground 
and waste places, New Mexico, Ari- 
zona, and northern Mexico. 

7. Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam). 
A. Gray. (Fig. 727.) Annual, some- 
what succulent; culms erect to spread- 
ing or prostrate, freely branching, 30 
to 100 em. tall; blades flat to loosely 
involute; panicles more or less in- 
cluded, mostly 10 to 20 cm. long, 
often smaller, occasionally longer, the 
racemes several to numerous, as much 


494 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 723.—Leptochloa virgata. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Wilson 9402, Cuba.) 


as 10 em. long, usually ascending or 
appressed, or at maturity spreading; 
spikelets usually overlapping, 7 to 12 
mm. long, 6- to 12-flowered; lemmas 
4 to 5 mm. long, the lateral nerves 
pubescent below, acuminate, the awn 
from short to as long as the body. 
© (Diplachne fascicularis Beauv.) 
—Brackish marshes along the coast, 


TT 


4 


the panicle more oblong in outline, 
with shorter, denser-flowered  ra- 
cemes; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long, 
6- to 9-flowered, lead-color; glumes 
broader, more obtuse; lemmas 
scarcely narrowed toward tip, apic- 
ulate but not awned, the lateral 
nerves more or less excurrent. © 
(L. imbricata Thurb.)—Ditches and 


Figure 724.—Leptochloa domingensis. Panicle, X 1; floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 10055, Trinidad.) 


New Hampshire and New York to 
Florida and Texas and in alkali flats, 
ditches, and marshes, Ohio to North 
Dakota; Washington and Colorado 
to New Mexico, Arizona, and Cali- 
fornia; south through tropical Amer- 
ica to Argentina. A prostrate form 
has been called Diplachne procumbens 
(Muhl.) Nash and D. maritima Bickn. 

8. Leptochloa uninérvia_ (Presl) 
Hitche. and Chase. (Fig. 728.) Re- 
sembling L. fascicularis, rather spar- 
ingly branching, usually strictly erect, 


i 


moist places, North Carolina; Missis- 
sippi to Texas; Colorado and New 
Mexico to Oregon and California, 
south to Mexico; Peru to Argentina; 
introduced in Maine, Massachusetts, 
and New Jersey. 

9. Leptochloa nealléyi Vasey. (Fig. 
729.) Annual, usually erect and rather 
robust; culms mostly 1 to 1.5 m. tall, 
simple or sparingly branching at base; 
sheaths glabrous or slightly scabrous, 
mostly keeled; blades elongate, flat to 
loosely involute; panicle commonly 25 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


AF 
a 


NN 
NN Vs 


Figure 725.—Leptochloa filiformis. Plant, X 144; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Ruth 51, Tenn.) 


495 


496 


Y2 a 
_-, 
a 


MLL. 
Oy 


SAY 
RY : 
By i 

ty) 
4 


—t 
I 
SAWS 
SNES 


=e a 
=) 


Figure 726.—Leptochloa viscida. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Mearns 833, Ariz.) 


to 50 cm. long, not more than 4 cm. 
wide, the racemes subverticillate, 
overlapping, 2 to 4 cm. long, 
appressed or ascending; spikelets 
crowded, 3- or 4-flowered, 2 to 3 mm. 
long; lemmas about 1.5 mm. long, ob- 
tuse, the nerves sparingly pubescent, 
the lateral close to the margin. © 
—Marshes, mostly near the coast, 
Louisiana (Cameron) and Texas; also 
eastern Mexico. 

10. Leptochloa scabra Nees. (Fig. 
730.) Annual; culms erect, about 1 m. 
tall, somewhat robust and succulent, 


FiGURE 727.—Leptochloa fascicularis. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 7876, Md.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


sparingly branching; sheaths and 
blades scabrous, the blades elongate, 
8 to 12 mm. wide; panicle 20 to 40 
cm. long, not more than 7 cm. wide, 
usually less, the slender racemes 
crowded, 4 to 8 cm. long, ascending 
or somewhat drooping, usually curved 
or flexuous; spikelets crowded, mostly 
3-flowered, about 3 mm. long; lemmas 
acute, awnless, the nerves pubescent. 
© —Marshes and ditches, Louisi- 
ana (near New Orleans) and tropical 
America. 

11. Leptochloa panicoides (Pres!) 
Hitche. (Fig. 731.) Annual; culms 
erect or spreading, 50 to 100 cm. tall, 
branching; sheaths glabrous; blades 


FIGuRrE 728.—Leptochloa uninervia. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of floret, X 10. (Tharp 3123, Tex.) 


thin, 5 to 10 mm. wide, scaberulous; 
panicle oblong, 10 to 20 cm. long, 3 
to 5 em. wide, the racemes approxi- 
mate, 3 to 5 cm. long, ascending, 
rather lax; spikelets 5- to 7-flowered, 
4 to 5 mm. long; lemmas 2.5 mm. 
long, apiculate, the lateral nerves 
minutely pubescent at base. © (L. 
floribunda Doell.)—Indiana (Posey 
County) and Missouri to Mississippi 
(Holmes County), Arkansas, and 
Texas; Brazil. 


98. TRICHONEURA Anderss. 


Spikelets few-flowered, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes, the 
internodes pilose at base, disarticulat- 
ing near their summit, the upper part 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


forming a short callus below the 
floret; glumes about equal, 1-nerved, 
long-acuminate, mostly as long as the 
spikelet or longer; lemmas bidentate, 
3-nerved, the lateral nerves near the 
margin, the midnerve usually excur- 
rent as a short awn, the margins long- 
ciliate; palea broad, the nerves near 
the margin. Annuals or perennials 
with simple panicles, the spikelets 
short-pediceled along one side of the 
main branches. Type species, 7'richo- 
neura hookert Anderss. Name from 
Greek thrix, hair, and neuron, nerve, 
alluding to the ciliate nerves of the 
lemma. 


q 
i 
AN 
\ 
AN 
7 ¢ f 
\. \ 


Za 


FIGURE 729.—Leptochloa nealleyi. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of floret, X 10. (Fisher 25, Tex.) 


1. Trichoneura élegans Swallen. 
(Fig. 732.) Annual, branching at base; 
culms erect, rather robust, or ascend- 
ing, 40 to 110 em. tall, several-noded; 
sheaths scaberulous; blades flat, or 
subinvolute toward the tip, scabrous, 
elongate, 3 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
erect, 10 to 18 cm. long, the axis 
angled, scabrous; branches numerous, 
stiffly ascending, the lower 5 to 8 cm. 
long, rather densely flowered; spike- 
lets mostly 5- to 8-flowered, 9 to 10 
mm. long; glumes about equaling the 
spikelet, the setaceous tips slightly 


497 


¥} 
y 


Navalh We 
ty 0 
VY NY Y 
y awe 
WANE ANY: 
MW . \ A, | 
V\ SN Sy “5 
J y 
Vy \ i 
Wi SN 


SS 


cz i 
ee 


= . <— 
y 


EGF. 
iS 


= 
aa 


CZ A 
= 
. S 


ae 


Figure 730.—Leptochloa scabra. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of floret, X 10. (Tracy 8388, La.) 


spreading; lemmas  scaberulous 
toward the obtuse minutely lobed 
summit, the awn minute, the mar- 
gins conspicuously ciliate on the 
lower half to two-thirds, the hairs as 
much as 1 mm. long. © —Sandy 
soil, southern Texas. 


99. TRIPOGON Roth 


Spikelets several-flowered, subses- 
sile, appressed in 2 rows along one 


MN thew 
Vie LG 


N WWE) a) 
N WWZE WA, 
, NVE be, 
Ney i 
Q\ ZA 
™ Vy 


S 
4 As 


i A 4 
\ 
N 
i) 
N 


=s 
iE 


Zo 
AA 


S Sees 

LS 
= 

LE 


EX 


ZIP 
3 
= 


Y f g Le ~ 
ZX = = 
SS2ZEZ 


AS 


Ze 
WO, 


Figure 731.—Leptochloa panicoides. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of floret, X 10. (Tracy 7451, Miss.) 


498 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGuRE 732.—Trichoneura elegans. Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


499 


1. Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ek- 
man. (Fig. 733.) Culms 10 to 20 cm. 
tall; spike from one-fourth to half the 
entire height of the plant; spikelets 
5to8mm. long. 2 —Rocky hills, 
central Texas, Mexico; Cuba; South 
America. 


100. ELEUSINE Gaertn. 


Spikelets few to several-flowered, 
compressed, sessile and closely imbri- 
cate, in 2 rows along one side of a 
rather broad rachis, not prolonged 
beyond the spikelets; rachilla disar- 
ticulating above the glumes and be- 
tween the florets; glumes unequal, 
rather broad, acute, l-nerved, shorter 
than the first lemma; lemmas acute, 
with 3 strong green nerves close to- 


FiguRE 733.—Tripogon spicatus. Plant, X 44; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Nealley 78, Tex.) 


side of a slender rachis, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes somewhat 
unequal, acute or acuminate, narrow, 
l-nerved; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, 
bearing at base a tuft of long hairs, 
the apex bifid, the midnerve extend- 
ing as a short awn. Our species a low, 
tufted perennial, with capillary blades 
and slender solitary spikes, the spike- 
lets somewhat distant. Type species, 
Tripogon bromoides Roth. Name from 
Greek tres, three, and pogon, beard, 
alluding to the hairs at the base of the 
three nerves of the lemma. 


gether, forming a keel, the uppermost 
somewhat reduced; seed dark brown, 
roughened by fine ridges, loosely en- 
closed in the thin pericarp. Annuals, 
with 2 to several rather stout spikes, 
digitate at the summit of the culms, 
sometimes with 1 or 2 a short dis- 
tance below, or rarely with a single 
spike. Type species, Hleusine cora- 
cana. Name from Eleusis, the town 
where Demeter was worshipped. 

1. Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 
Goosnarass. (Fig. 734.) Branching 
at base, ascending to prostrate, very 
smooth; culms compressed, usually 


ee ————— eo - > - — "9 a 
Raton ne te . 


SSP 

SSS prep IEZ<ZLAD 
Ls 
SSS Za i 
393 ye oP ee éf (i 


4p 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
5331, Fla.) 


Ficure 734.—Eleusine indica. Plant, X %; spikelet, floret, and seed (without pericarp), X 5. (Fredholm 


500 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


less than 50 cm. long, but sometimes 
as much as | m.; blades flat or folded, 
3 to 8 mm. wide; spikes mostly 2 to 
6, rarely more, or but 1 in depauper- 
ate plants, flat, 4 to 15 cm. long. © 
—Waste places, fields, and open 
ground, Massachusetts to South Da- 
kota and Kansas, south to Florida 
and Texas; occasional in Oregon, 
Utah, Arizona, and California; intro- 
duced; a common weed in the warmer 
regions of both hemispheres. 

Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam. 
Spikes 1 to 3, rarely more, 1 to 2.5 
em. long, 8 to 10 mm. thick; resem- 
bling EF. indica, but the spikes short 
and thick. © —On ballast, Cam- 
den, N. J. and Mobile, Ala.; Portland, 
Oreg. and elsewhere; tropical Africa; 
introduced in tropical South America. 

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn. 
AFRICAN MILLET. More robust than 
K. indica; spikes thicker, heavier, 
sometimes incurved at the tip, brown- 
ish at maturity. A cultivated form of 
E. wndica; the seed used for food 
among primitive peoples in Africa and 
southern Asia. © —Occasionally 
grown at experiment stations. Called 
also ragi, coracan millet, and finger 
millet. 


101. DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. 


Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, com- 
pressed, sessile and closely imbricate, 
in two rows along one side of the 
rather narrow flat rachis, the end pro- 
jecting in a point beyond the spike- 
lets; rachilla disarticulating above the 
first glume and between the florets; 
glumes somewhat unequal, broad, 1- 
nerved, the first persistent upon the 
rachis, the second mucronate or short- 
awned below the tip, deciduous; lem- 
mas firm, broad, keeled, acuminate or 
short-awned, 3-nerved, the lateral 
nerves indistinct, the upper floret re- 
duced; palea about as long as the 
lemma; seed subglobose, ridged or 
wrinkled, enclosed in a thin, early- 
disappearing pericarp. Annuals or 
perennials with flat blades and 2 to 
several short thick spikes, digitate 
and widely spreading at the summit 


501 


of the culms. Type species, Dactyloc- 
tentum aegyptuum. Name from Greek 
daktulos, finger, and ktenzon, a little 
comb, alluding to the pectinate ar- 
rangement of the spikelets. 

1. Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) 
Beauv. (Fig. 735.) Culms com- 
pressed, spreading with ascending 
ends, rooting at the nodes, branching, 
commonly forming radiate mats, usu- 
ally 20 to 40 cm. long, sometimes as 
much as 1 m.; blades flat, ciliate; 
spikes 1 to 5 cm. long. © —Open 
ground, waste places, and _ fields, 
Coastal Plain, North Carolina to 
Florida and Texas; also occasional at 
more northern points (Maine to New 
Jersey; Illinois); Colorado, Arizona, 
and California; tropical America; in- 
troduced from Old World Tropics. 


102. MICROCHLOA R. Br. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, ses- 
sile in 2 rows along one side of a nar- 
row flattened rachis, the rachilla dis- 
articulating above the glumes; glumes 
subequal, longer than the floret, 
acute, l-nerved; floret with a soft, 
pointed callus; lemma, thin, 3-nerved, 
flabellate; palea narrow, a little 
shorter than the lemma. Slender per- 
ennials with simple culms and slender 
solitary falcate spikes. Type species, 
Microchloa setacea R. Br. Name from 
the Greek micros, small, and chloe, 
oTass. 

1. Microchloa kanthii Desv. (Fig. 
736.) Perennial; culms very slender, 
erect in small dense tufts, 10 to 30 
em. tall; sheaths, except the lower- 
most, much shorter than the inter- 
nodes, scaberulous; ligule ciliate, 1 to 
1.5 mm. long; blades firm, flat or usu- 
ally folded, with thick white scabrous 
margins, those of the culm 1 to 2.5 
cm. long, those of the innovations to 
6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; spike 
6 to 15 em. long, falcate, the rachis 
ciliate; spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; 
lemma 2 to 2.5 mm. long, pilose on 
the midnerve, the margins densely 
ciliate with hairs about 1 mm. long. 
2| —Granitic outcrop on rocky slope, 
Carr Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, 


502 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


\ SU Ro. 


Shes 
ike 


“ 


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& we, ae 
SY LEE 
“ ig 


hile 


eee a, 
(VIS 
VGH 
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= ee $ 
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i 


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as NS y \. 
i Ss \ == 
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SVA-RERS 
we \- RES Ae y 
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and seed (without pericarp), X 5. 


Figure 735.—Dactyloctentum aegyptium. Plant, X %; spikelet, floret, 
(Small and Heller 378, N. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


southern Arizona; Mexico and Guate- 
mala. 


103. CYNODON L. Rich. 
(Capriola Adans.) 


Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, ses- 
sile in 2 rows along one side of a 
slender continuous rachis and ap- 
pressed to it, the rachilla disarticulat- 
ing above the glumes and prolonged 
behind the palea as a slender naked 
bristle, sometimes bearing a rudi- 
mentary lemma; glumes narrow, acu- 
minate, l-nerved, about equal, shorter 
than the floret; lemma firm, strongly 
compressed, pubescent on the keel, 
3-nerved, the lateral nerves close to 
the margins. Perennial, usually low 
grasses, with creeping stolons or rhi- 
zomes, short blades, and several slen- 
der spikes digitate at the summit of 
the upright culms. Type species, 
Cynodon dactylon. Name from kuon 
(kun-), dog, and odous, tooth, allud- 
ing to the sharp hard scales of the 
rhizome. 

1. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. 
BermMupa Grass. (Fig. 737.) Exten- 
sively creeping by scaly rhizomes or 
by strong flat stolons, the old blade- 
less sheaths of the stolon and the 
lowest one of the branches often 
forming conspicuous pairs of ‘‘dog’s 
teeth”; flowering culms flattened, 
usually erect or ascending, 10 to 40 
em. tall; ligule a conspicuous ring of 
white hairs; blades flat, glabrous or 
pilose on the upper surface, those of 
the innovations often conspicuously 
distichous; spikes usually 4 or 5, 2.5 
to 5 cm. long; spikelets imbricate, 2 
mm. long, the lemma boat-shaped, 
acute. 2 (Capriola dactylon Kunt- 
ze.)—Open ground, grassland, fields, 
and waste places, common, Maryland 
to Oklahoma, south to Florida and 
Texas, west to California; also oc- 
cisional north of this region (Massa- 
chusetts to Michigan, Oregon); warm 
regions of both hemispheres, intro- 
duced in America. Bermuda grass is 
the most important pasture grass of 
the Southern States, and is also 
widely utilized there as a lawngrass. 


503 


On alluvial ground it may grow suf- 
ficiently rank to be cut for hay. It 
propagates readily by its rhizomes 
and stolons, and on this account may 
become a troublesome weed in culti- 
vated fields. This grass is known also 
as wire-grass (especially the weedy 
form in fields). A more robust form, 


Plant, 
(Conzatti 3605, Mexico.) 


x 4. 


Figure 736.—Microchloa kunthii. 


found along the seacoast of Florida, 
has been called C. maritemus H. B. 
K., though the type of that (from 
Peru) is characteristic C. dactylon. 
There are large areas of Bermuda 
grass around the Roosevelt Dam, 


504 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 737.—Cynodon dactylon. Plant, X %; spikelet and two views of floret, X 5. (Kearney, Tenn.) 


Ariz., where it survives submergence 
and furnishes grazing at low water. 


CYNODON TRANSVAALENSIS Davy. Ex- 
tensively creeping with fine foliage, the 
blades rarely more than 1 mm. wide; spikes 
mostly 2 or 3, the spikelets a little narrower 
and the glumes shorter than in C. dactylon. 
4 —Coming into cultivation as a lawn- 
grass, escaped, Ames, Iowa, and Bard, Calif. 
Introduced from South Africa. 


104. WILLKOMMIA Hack. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, dorsally com- 
pressed, sessile in 2 rows on one side 
of a slender rachis and appressed to 
it, the rachilla somewhat lengthened 
below and above the second glume, 
disarticulating just above it, not pro- 
longed above the floret; glumes thin, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 005 


unequal, the first narrow, nerveless, 


\ the second 1-nerved; lemma awnless, 
i 3-nerved, the lateral nerves near the 
Ni margin, the back of the lemma 
NI/ sparingly pubescent between the 
y nerves, the margins densely covered 
Nf with silky hairs; nerves of the palea 
\) densely silky hairy. Annuals or peren- 
\ nials, with several short spikes race- 
" mose on a slender axis; our species a 


i) low tufted perennial. Type species, 
Willkommia sarmentosa Hack. Named 
} for H. M. Willkomm. 

1. Willkommia texana  Hitche. 
(Fig. 738.) Culms erect to spreading, 
20 to 40 cm. tall; blades flat or more 
or less involute, short; spikes few to 
several, 2 to 5 cm. long, somewhat 
overlapping or the lower distant, 
appressed, the axis 4 to 15 cm. long; 
spikelets about 4 mm. long, narrow, 
acute; first glume about two-thirds 
as long as the second, obtuse; second 
glume subacute; lemma about as 
long as the second glume. 2 — 
Spots of hardpan, central and south- 
ern Texas. A stoloniferous form has 
been found in Argentina. 


105. SCHEDONNARDUS Steud. 


Spikelets 1-flowered, sessile and 
somewhat distant in 2 rows on one 
side of a slender, continuous 3-angled 
rachis, appressed to its slightly con- 
cave sides, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes, not prolonged; 
glumes narrow, stiff, somewhat un- 
equal, acuminate, 1l-nerved; lemmas 
narrow, acuminate, a little longer 
than the glumes, 3-nerved. Low, 


4 


AY 
\ 


WW 
Lif FP Se 
See 


i 
ea 
AN 


= 


FicursE 738.—Willkommia texana. Plant, XK 14; two views of spikelet and floret, X 5. (Tracy 8903, Tex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


506 


(¢ { 


SS Az 


Ficure 739.—Schedonnardus paniculatus. Plant, * 1%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Hall 797, Tex.) 


507 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Z 
g a 
{ 
f 
SHINS 
: SH STS 
e sss a Sau SA ath SND ef SSS 
ORE SESS Ty SSM WM ear Oa PON NAN 
ee SSMU ON LE ee A ey Ze PN, < I SS ; 
TIME a ROY Pas <— ean AE SQ 
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APT LE Saag dhe =7 ES : ; LESS ESS VIS SSS 
x 7, SLOSS wig Ypres 
LL, Sts 571 w) oS Cris 


LS PREP ES 
= 


Figure 740.—Beckmannia syzigachne. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 4668, Alaska.) 


508 
tufted perennial, with stiff, slender, 
divergent spikes rather remote along 
a common axis. Type species, Schedon- 
nardus texanus Steud. (S. paniculatus). 
Name from Greek schedon, near, and 
Nardus, a genus of grasses (Steudel 
places Schedonnardus next to Nardus 
in his classification). 

1. Schedonnardus paniculatus 
(Nutt.) Trel. TumBiecrass. (Fig. 
739.) Culms 20 to 40 em. tall; leaves 
crowded at the base; blades flat, 
mostly 2 to 5 cm. long, about 1 mm. 
wide, wavy; spikes 2 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets narrow, acuminate, about 4 
mm. long. The axis of the inflores- 
cence elongates after flowering, be- 
coming 30 to 60 cm. long, curved in 
a loose spiral; the whole breaks away 
at maturity and rolls before the 
wind as a tumbleweed. 2 —Prai- 
ries and plains, Illinois to Saskat- 
chewan and Montana, south to 
Louisiana and Arizona; Argentina. 
This species forms an inconsiderable 
part of the forage on the Great Plains. 


106. BECKMANNIA Host 
SLOUGHGRASS 
Spikelets 1- or 2-flowered, laterally 
compressed, subcircular, nearly ses- 
sile and closely imbricate, in 2 rows 
along one side of a slender contin- 
uous rachis, disarticulating below the 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


glumes, falling entire; glumes equa] 
inflated, obovate, 3-nerved, rounged 
above but the apex apiculate; lemma 
narrow, 5-nerved, acuminate, about 
as long as the glumes; palea nearly 
as long as the lemma. Erect, rather 
stout annuals with flat blades and 
numerous short appressed or as- 
cending spikes in a narrow more or 
less interrupted panicle. Type species, 
Beckmannia erucaeformis (L.) Host, 
to which our species was formerly 
referred. Named for Johann Beck- 
mann. 

1. Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) 
Fernald. AMERICAN SLOUGHGRASS. 
(Fig. 740.) Light green; culms 30 to 
100 em. tall; panicle 10 to 25 cm. 
long, the erect branches 1 to 5 
em. long; spikes crowded, 1 to 2 cm. 
long; spikelets 1-flowered, 3 mm. long; 
glumes transversely wrinkled and 
with a deep keel, the acuminate apex 
of the lemma protruding. © — 
Marshes and ditches, Manitoba to 
Alaska; New York and Ohio to the 
Pacific coast, south to Kansas and 
New Mexico; Asia. The European B. 
erucaeformis (L.) Host has 2-flowered 
spikelets. Our species is palatable to 
stock, sometimes sufficiently abun- 
dant locally to be an important forage 
grass, and is frequently cut for 
hay. 


107. SPARTINA Schreb. Corparass 


Spikelets 1-flowered, much flattened laterally, sessile and usually closely 
imbricate on one side of a continuous rachis, disarticulating below the glumes, 
the rachilla not produced beyond the floret; glumes keeled, 1-nerved, or the 
second with a second nerve on one side, acute or short-awned, the first shorter, 
the second often exceeding the lemma; lemma firm, keeled, the lateral nerves 
obscure, narrowed to a rather obtuse point; palea 2-nerved, keeled and 
flattened, the keel between or at one side of the nerves. Erect, often stout tall 
perennials, with usually extensively creeping, firm, scaly rhizomes (wanting 
in Spartina spartinae, S. bakeri, and sometimes in S. caespitosa), long tough 
blades, and 2 to many appressed or sometimes spreading spikes racemose on 
the main axis, the slender tips of the rachises naked, often prolonged. Type 
species, Spartina schreberi Gmel. Name from Greek spartine, a cord made 
from spartes (Spartium zunceum), probably applied to Spartina because of the 
tough leaves. 

The species with rhizomes often form extensive colonies to the exclusion 
of other plants. They are important soil binders and soil builders in coastal 
and interior marshes. A European species, S. townsendi H. and J. Groves, has 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


509 


in recent years assumed much importance, especially in southern England, the 
Netherlands, and northern France, as a soil builder along the coast where it 
is reclaiming extensive areas of marsh land. The marsh hay of the Atlantic 
coast, much used for packing and formerly for bedding, often consists largely 


of S. patens. 


Blades usually more than 5 mm. wide, flat when fresh, at least at base, the tip involute; 
plants mostly robust and more than 1 m. tall. 
First glume nearly as long as the floret, slender-acuminate, the second with an awn as 
much as 7 mm. long; spikes somewhat distant, mostly more or less spreading. 


S. PECTINATA. 


First glume shorter than the floret, acute, the second acute or mucronate but not slender- 
awned; spikes approximate, usually appressed. 
Blades very scabrous on the margins; glumes strongly hispid-scabrous on the keels. 


S. CYNOSUROIDES. 


Blades glabrous throughout or minutely scabrous on the margins; glumes glabrous or 
usually softly hispidulous or ciliate on the keels. 

Inflorescence dense and spikelike, the spikes closely imbricate; the spikelets mostly 

somewhat curved, giving a slightly twisted effect; blades mostly comparatively 


SliOntwae Ste ee ct 2 as 


Bs ae Nae, WIR Tae Sele eo en Se ~3. 


S. FOLIOSA. 


Inflorescence less dense, the spikes more slender, less crowded, the spikelets not 


curved, the inflorescence with no suggestion of a twist. 4, 


S. ALTERNIFLORA. 


Blades less than 5 mm. wide (rarely more in S. gracilis); involute (sometimes flat in S. 
gracilis); plants mostly slender and less than 1 m. tall (taller in S. baker?). 


Inflorescence dense. cylindric: spikes numerous...--2))__...:0 5. 


S. SPARTINAE. 


Inflorescence not cylindric; spikes not more than 10, usually fewer. 
Creeping rhizomes absent (see also S. caespitosa) ; plants i in large hard tufts with culms 


1.5 to 2 m. tall and long slender blades 


S. BAKERI. 


Creeping rhizomes present (except occasionally in S. caespitosa); plants usually less 


than 1 m. tall. 


Second: alume:!2-to 16 mm: long, aristate:..2.. 02... eee 7. S. CAESPITOSA. 
Second glume less than 10 mm. long, acute. 
Blades usually flat; glumes conspicuously hispid-ciliate on the keels; spikes several, 


N10) ONOSCTE(0 Meee ak eee neh em ae 


S. GRACILIS. 


Blades usually involute; glumes scabrous on the keels; spikes few, ascending to 


SPC Adin Ge woe A seth al 


1. Spartina pectinata Link. 
PRAIRIE corDGRASS. (Fig. 741.) 
Culms 1 to 2 m. tall, firm or wiry; 
blades elongate, flat when fresh, soon 
involute in drying, as much as 1.5 
cm. wide, very scabrous on the 
margins; spikes mostly 10 to 20, 
sometimes fewer or as many as 30, 
mostly 4 to 8 em. long, ascending, 
sometimes appressed, rarely spread- 
ing, on rather slender peduncles; 
glumes hispid-scabrous on the keel, 
the first acuminate or short-awned, 
nearly as long as the floret, the second 
exceeding the floret, tapering into an 
awn as much as 7 mm. long; lemma 
glabrous except the scabrous keel, 
7 to 9 mm. long, the apex with 2 
rounded teeth; palea usually a little 
longer than the lemma. 2 (S. 
michauxiana Hitche.)—Fresh-water 
marshes, Newfoundland and Quebec 
to eastern Washington and Oregon, 
south to North Carolina, Arkansas, 


S. PATENS. 


Texas, and New Mexico; in the 
Eastern States extending into brack- 
ish marshes along the coast. 

2. Spartina cynosuroides (L.) 
Roth. Bia corperass. (Fig. 742.) 
Culms 1 to 3 m. tall, stout, the base 
sometimes as much as 2 em. thick; 
blades flat, 1 to 2.5 em. wide, very 
scabrous on the margins; spikes nu- 
merous, ascending, approximate, of- 
ten dark-colored, usually more or less 
peduncled, mostly 3 to 8 cm. long; 
spikelets about 12 mm. long; glumes 
acute, hispid-scabrous on the keel, 
the first much shorter than the floret, 
the second longer than the floret, 
sometimes rather long-acuminate; 
lemma not toothed at apex; palea a 
little longer than the lemma. 2 
(S. polystachya (Michx.) Beauv. (S. 
cynosuroides var. polystachya Beal) 
has been differentiated on its strictly 
maritime habitat, but morphological 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


510 


FiGcuRE 741.—Spartina pectinata. Plant, X 44: spikelet and floret, X 5. (Worthern, Mass.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


characters are not coordinated with 
habitat.)—Salt or brackish marshes 
along the coast, and margins of tidal 
streams, Massachusetts to Florida 
and Texas. 

3. Spartina folidsa Trin. (Fig. 743.) 
Culms 30 to 120 em. tall, stout, as 
much as 1 em. thick at base, some- 
what spongy, usually rooting at the 
lower nodes; blades 8 to 12 mm. wide 
at the flat base, gradually narrowed 
to a long involute tip, smooth through- 
out; inflorescence dense, spikelike, 
about 15 cm. long; spikes numerous, 
approximate, closely appressed, 3 to 


Fieure 742.—Spartina cynosuroides. Panicle, X 1; 
spikelet, X 5. (Boettcher 444, Va.) 


oll 


SS 


SSS 


ee ER es on eee 


== 


—= 


EA 

SSE — 

SSS 
—~ 


> SS 


=; a 
—————— 


SS 


= 
— 


Sa 


ZZ 
eS SZ 
A 

—— 

— 


SS 
ASS 
ers 

es 


a 
=S\ : 
= 
Se 


el 


Fiaure 743.—Spartina foliosa. Panicle, X 1; spikelet 
X< 5. (Heller 13871, Calif.) 


5 em. long; spikelets very flat, 9 to 
12 mm. long, occasionally longer; 
glumes firm, glabrous or hispid-ciliate 
on the keel, acute, the first narrow, 
half to two-thirds as long as the 
second, smooth, the second sparingly 
hispidulous and striate-nerved; lem- 
ma hispidulous on the sides, mostly 
smooth on the keel, shorter than the 
second glume; palea thin, longer than 
the lemma. 2 (S. lezantha Benth.) 
—Salt marshes along the coast from 
San Francisco Bay, Calif., to Baja 
California. 

4, Spartina alterniflora — Loisel. 
SMooTH coRDGRASS. (Fig. 744.) 
Smooth throughout or the margins 
of the blades minutely scabrous, 0.5 
to 2.5 m. tall; culms soft and spongy 
or succulent at base, often 1 cm. or 
more thick; blades flat, tapering to a 
long involute tip, 0.5 to 1.5 em. wide; 
spikes appressed, 5 to 15 cm. long; 
spikelets somewhat remote, barely 
overlapping or sometimes more im- 
bricate, mostly 10 to 11 mm. long; 
glumes glabrous or hispid on the 
keel, the first acute, narrow, shorter 
than the lemma, the second obtusish, 


—— 


== 


ZS 


SS 


——— 


— > 


—— 
——— 


Ficure 744.—Spartina al- 
terniflora. Panicle, X 1; 
spikelet, X 5. (Scribner 
155, Maine.) 


a little longer than the lemma; floret 
sparingly pilose or glabrous. 2} — 
Salt marshes along the coast, often 
growing in the water, Quebec and 
Newfoundland to Florida and Texas; 
recently introduced in oyster culture, 
Pacific County, Wash., and spread- 
ing; Atlantic coast of Europe.Through 
the southern part of the range of the 
species the spikelets are often more 
imbricate. The imbricate form with 


AY ' ' Fiacure 745.—Spartina spartinae. Panicle, 
\ 1; spikelet, X 5. (Hitchcock, Tex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


glabrous spikelets has been differen- 
tiated as S. alterniflora var. glabra 
(Muhl.) Fernald; that with sparsely 
pilose spikelets as S. alterniflora var. 
pilosa (Merr.) Fernald. 

5. Spartina spartinae (Trin.) 
Merr. (Fig. 745.) In large dense tufts 
without rhizomes; culms stout, 1 to 
2 m. tall; blades narrow, firm, strongly 
involute; spikes short and appressed, 
closely imbricate, forming a dense 
cylindric inflorescence 10 to 30 cm. 
long; spikelets closely imbricate, 6 to 
8 mm. long; glumes hispid-ciliate on 
the keel, the first shorter than the 
lemma, the second usually a little 
longer. 2 (S. gunciformis Engelm. 
and Gray.)—Marshes, swamps, and 


nna —= = 
So STSssS=S=== 


me 


Figure 746.—Spartina bakeri. Panicle, X 1; spikelet, 
< 5. (Type.) 


moist prairies near the coast, Florida 
to Texas and eastern Mexico. 

6. Spartina bakéri Merr. (Fig. 746.) 
In large dense tufts without rhizomes; 
culms stout, 1 to 2 m. tall; blades 4 
to 8 mm. wide, involute or occasion- 
ally flat; inflorescence 12 to 18 cm. 
long, the spikes 5 to 12, 3 to 6 cm. 
long, appressed; spikelets closely ap- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


pressed, 6 to 8 mm. long; glumes sca- 
brous, hispid-ciliate on the keel, the 
first about half as long as the lemma, 
the second longer, acuminate. 2 
—Sandy soil, South Carolina, Geor- 
gia, and Florida. 

7. Spartina caespitosa A. A. Katon. 
(Fig. 747.) Culms 70 to 100 cm. tall, 
erect, from coarse widely spreading 
rhizomes or tufted, the rhizomes 
nearly wanting; blades 10 to 40 cm. 
long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, flat or becom- 
ing involute, scabrous on the upper 
surface and margins; spikes 2 to 7, 
3 to 9 cm. long, finally spreading, 
rather distant; glumes acuminate, 
aristate, conspicuously hispid-ciliate 


I'icurE 747.—Spartina caespitosa. Panicle, 


ants 
spikelet, X 5. (Type collection.) 


513 


Ficure 748.—Spartina gracilis. 
Panicle, X 1; spikelet, X 5. 
(Rydberg 2080, Mont.) 


on the keels, the second 12 to 16 mm. 
long; lemma about 8 mm. long, mi- 
nutely lobed. 2 —Salt marshes 
near the coast, New Hampshire to 
Maryland. 

8. Spartina gracilis Trin. ALKALI 
corparass. (Fig. 748.) Culms 60 to 
100 cm. tall; blades flat, becoming in- 
volute, 15 to 20 cm. long, very sca- 
brous above, mostly less than 5 mm. 
wide; spikes 4 to 8, closely appressed, 
2 to 4 cm. long; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. 
long; glumes ciliate on the keel, 
acute, the first about half as long as 
the second; lemma nearly as long as 
second glume, ciliate on the keel; 
palea as long as lemma, obtuse. 2 
—Alkaline meadows and plains, Sas- 
katechewan to British Columbia, 
south to Kansas and New Mexico, 


514 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and through eastern Washington to 
Arizona. 

9. Spartina patens (Ait.) Mubhl. 
SALTMEADOW CORDGRASS. (Fig. 749.) 
Culms slender, mostly less than 1 m. 
tall, with long slender rhizomes; 
blades sometimes flat but mostly in- 
volute, less than 3 mm. wide; spikes 
2 to several, appressed to somewhat 
spreading, 2 to 5 cm. long, rather re- 
mote on the axis; spikelets 8 to 12 
mm. long; first glume about half as 
long as the floret, the second longer 
than the lemma; lemma 5 to 7 mm. 
long, emarginate at apex; palea a 
little longer than the lemma. 2 — 
Salt marshes and sandy meadows 
along the coast, Quebec to Florida 
and Texas, and in saline marshes in- 
land, New York and Michigan. Spar- 
TINA PATENS var. MONOGYNA (M. A. 
Curtis) Fernald. Often taller and 
coarser, commonly with 4 to 8 spikes, 
the spikelets slightly smaller and 
more closely imbricate. Intermediate 
specimens rather frequent. 2 (S. 
guncea Willd., S. patens var. juncea 
Hitche.)—Along the coast, New Jer- 
sey to Texas. 


Figure 749.—Spartina patens. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Killip 6359, Md.) 


108. CTENIUM Panzer 


(Campulosus Desv.) 


Spikelets several-flowered but with only 1 perfect floret, sessile and pecti- 
nately arranged on one side of a continuous rachis, the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes; first glume small, hyaline, l-nerved, the second about as 
long as the lemmas, firm, 3- to 4-nerved, bearing on the back a strong divergent 
awn; lemmas rather papery, 3-nerved, with long hairs on the lateral nerves and 
a short straight or curved awn on the back just below the apex, the first and 
second lemmas empty, the third enclosing a perfect flower, the upper 1 to 3 
empty and successively smaller. Erect, slender, rather tall perennials, with 
usually solitary, often curved spikes. Type species, Clenzwm carolinianum 
Panzer. (C. aromaticum). Name from Greek ktenion, a little comb, alluding to 
the pectinate arrangement of the spikelets. 

Plants forming dense tussocks; second glume with a row of prominent glands on each side of 
the midnerve; awn stout, at maturity horizontal or nearly so; ligule about 1 mm. long. 
C. AROMATICUM. 


Plants with slender scaly rhizomes; second glume glandless or with obscure glands; awn 
rather slender, not horizontally spreading; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long.... 2. C. FLORIDANUM. 


MANUAL 


Ficure 750.—Ctenium aromaticum. Plant, X % 


= ya) \ \ N 
NOT SAN 
G RERLUL Uy Wan 
Ss mn FL 
Ss QB igh 
y sll 
OF, 
EG, 
ANG 
ae 
N\A 
OV it/, 
ae 
AG 
Ag 


OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 015 


i 
Wnt 


SN 


RANeree 
sri 


iW 


SS 


I Yih OLMEIIE 


NM Ze 
N is yy ULES 
Ale | Wage 
wily NA yy 
ae \ A) 
est ‘ vs 
Bes WAY 
Zee ) A) 
EHS SAN ANY 
BE Wwe 
<a We 
SS NY}. 
NS S 
SSIS: 
NS SN Me 
Ss gy 
Sty Ge 
Sc WAY 
SS) Way 
é ; VAY 


; Spikelet and fertile floret, < 5. (McCarthy, N. C.) 


516 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1. Ctenium aromaticum (Walt.) 
Wood. TooTHAcHE Grass. (Fig. 750.) 
Culms | to 1.5 m. tall, the old sheaths 
persistent and fibrillose at base; 
ligule about 1 mm. long; blades flat 
or involute, stiff; spike 5 to 15 em. 
long; spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long. 2 
(Ctentum carolinianum Panzer.)— 
Wet pine barrens, Coastal Plain, Vir- 
ginia to Florida and Louisiana. The 
roots spicy when freshly dug. Fur- 
nishes fair cattle forage in moist pine 
barrens of Florida. 

2. Ctenium floridanum (Hitchc.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 751.) Differs from C. 
aromaticum in having creeping scaly 
rhizomes, ligule 2 to 3 mm. long, sec- 
ond glumes with longer, more slender 
awns and without glands or with only 
obscure ones. 2 (Erroneously re- 
ferred by American authors to Cam- 
pulosus chapadensis Trin.)—Moist 
pine barrens, Florida. 


FIGURE 751.—Ctenium floridanum. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and florets, X 5. (Combs 702a, Fla.) 


109. GYMNOPOGON Beauv. 


Spikelets 1- or rarely 2- or 3-flowered, nearly sessile, appressed and usually 
remote in 2 rows along one side of a slender continuous rachis, the rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and prolonged behind the 1 or more fertile 
florets as a slender stipe, bearing a rudiment of a floret, this sometimes with 
1 or 2 slender awns; glumes narrow, acuminate, |-nerved, usually longer than 
the floret; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, the lateral nerves near the margin, the 
apex minutely bifid, bearing between the teeth a slender awn, rarely awnless. 
Perennials or rarely annuals (ours perennial), with short, stiff, flat blades, 
often folded in drying, numerous long slender divergent or reflexed spikes, 
approximate on a slender stiff axis. Type species, Gymnopogon racemosus 
Beauv. (G. ambiguus). Name from Greek gumnos, naked, and pogon, beard, 
alluding to the naked prolongation of the rachilla. 


Awn 4 to 6 mm. long, longer than the lemma............-----.2.------eeeee-eeeeeeeeeee> 1. G. AMBIGUUS. 
Awn | to 3 mm. long, usually shorter than the lemma. 
Spikelets 1-flowered; spikes floriferous only in the upper half............ 2. G. BREVIFOLIUS. 


Spikelets 2- to 3-flowered; spikes floriferous to the base. ; 
Spikes stiffly ascending, usually more than 20; glumes widely spreading even on young 


Spikkel etg:s2i 5s ser ee ee ee Oe eee 3. G. CHAPMANIANUS. 
Spikes spreading or reflexed, usually fewer than 15; glumes not spreading, even in 
mature spikelets!) «215s 5. ec he ee ee ee 4. G. FLORIDANUS. 


1. Gymnopegon ambiguus (Michx.) 


B. 8. P. (Fig. 752.) Culms 30 to 60 
cm. tall in small clumps with short 
scaly rhizomes, suberect to spread- 
ing, rigid, sparingly branching; leaves 


numerous, approximate with overlap- 
ping sheaths, or the lower rather dis- 
tant; blades spreading, 5 to 15 mm., 
mostly about 10 mm. wide, the base 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 517 


eS SN 

AN NW 
NN 

ANH 


Figure 752.—Gymnopogon ambiguus. Plant, X 4%; spikelet and floret, X 5. (Tracy 8292, Tex.). 


518 


rounded-truncate; spikes 10 to 20 cm. 
long, floriferous from base, the lower 
spikelets often remote; glumes 4 to 6 
mm. long; lemma with an awn 4 to 6 
mm. long, the rudiment bearing a 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ground, Coastal Plain, New Jersey to 
Florida and Louisiana. 

3. Gymnopogon chapmanianus 
Hitche. (Fig. 754.) Culms 30 to 40 
cm. tall, in small tufts, ascending, 


Figure 753.—Gymnopogon brevifolius. Plant, X 1; floret, X 5. (Chase 3669, Va.) 


LF 


JL 


é WA 
Bae, ay 


Py 


<= 
<7 


S= 


Ficure 754.—Gymnopogon chapmanianus. Plant, X 1; florets, X 5. (Tracey 7102, Fla.) 


delicate shorter awn. 2 —Dry 
pinelands, Coastal Plain, New Jersey 
to Florida and Texas; dry woods, 
Ohio to Kansas and south. 

2. Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. 
(Fig. 753.) Differing from G. ambiguus 
in the longer, more slender, some- 
what straggling culms, narrower, less 
crowded blades, and in the subcapil- 
lary spikes, floriferous only on the 
upper half or third; lemma awnless or 
with a minute awn. 2 -—Dry 


sparingly branching from lower nodes, 
rigid; leaves approximate toward the 
base, the blades 5 to 6 cm. long, about 
5mm. wide, sharp-pointed, often sub- 
involute in drying; spikes ascending 
to spreading (not reflexed), floriferous 
from base, spikelets not remote, 2- 
or 3-flowered, the florets somewhat 
spreading; lemmas pubescent, with a 
minute awn or awnless; palea very 
narrow, arched. 2 —Sandy pine- 
lands, Florida. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES o19 


4, Gymnopogon floridanus Swal- 
len. (Fig. 755.) Plants in small tufts, y 
commonly purple below; culms 15 to Nw VA 
45 em. tall; sheaths glabrous, over- a 
lapping, and crowded toward the base, Nes 
minutely hairy in the throat, the up- My 
permost elongate; blades firm, mostly \ 
about 3 cm. long, 2 to 4 mm. wide, 
sometimes to 6 cm. long and 6 mm. 
wide, flat, stiffly spreading; spikes 5 y 
to 20, very slender, 10 to 15 cm. long, 
spreading or reflexed, spikelet-bearing y 
to the base or nearly so; spikelets 2- 
or 3-flowered, 3 to 5mm. long; glumes \ y 
about equal, acuminate, as long as the i yr | 


VZ 


florets, not spreading; lemma 2 to 2.2 ‘ 
mm.long. 2 —Sandy prairies and | / 
pine barrens, peninsular Florida. | W 


Figure 755.—Gymnopogon floridanus. Panicle, X 1; i 
florets, X 5. (Type.) 


110. CHLORIS Swartz. FIncerGcRaAss 


Spikelets with 1 perfect floret, sessile, in 2 rows along one side of a con- 
tinuous rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, produced beyond 
the perfect floret and bearing 1 to several reduced florets consisting of empty 
lemmas (a few species occasionally with a second fertile floret), these often 
truncate, and, if more than 1, the smaller ones usually enclosed in the lower, 
forming a somewhat club-shaped rudiment; glumes somewhat unequal, the 
first shorter, narrow, acute; lemma keeled, usually broad, 1- to 5-nerved, often 
villous on the callus and villous or long-ciliate on the keel or marginal nerves, 
awned from between the short teeth of a bifid apex, the awn slender or some- 
times reduced to a mucro, the sterile lemmas awned or awnless. Tufted 
perennials or sometimes annuals with flat or folded scabrous blades and 2 to 
several, sometimes showy and feathery, spikes aggregate at the summit of the 
culms. Type species, Chloris cruciata (L.) Swartz. Named for Greek Chloris, 
the goddess of flowers. 

Several species are found on the plains of Texas, where they form part of the 
forage for grazing animals. C. virgata is a rather common annual weed in the 
Southwest, especially in alfalfa fields. It may be locally abundant and then 
furnishes considerable forage. C. gayana, Rhodes grass, is cultivated in the 
irrigated regions of the Southwest, where it is valuable as a meadow grass. 
It is also used in the Hawaiian Islands on some ranches in the drier regions. 
In a few species 2 or 3 internodes of the culm may be greatly reduced, bringing 
the nodes and sheaths close together. 


Lemmas firm, dark brown, awnless or mucronate. Perennials with strongly compressed 


520 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


culms and sheaths, and firm flat or folded blades abruptly rounded at the tip. - 


SecTIoN 1. Eustracuys. 


Lemmas distinctly awned (awn very short in C. cucullata), pale or fuscous. 


SECTION 2. EUCHLORIS. 


Section 1. Eustachys 


Spikes numerous, usually more than 10......_.. 


Spikes usually not more than 6. 


Spikelets 2 mm. long; lemmas dark... 


ga A APE ADO Ole EH Do! IPs Nn i Craraves 


Pat ae eee ee NS SAMOS OL - 2. C. PETRAEA. 


Spikelets 3 mm. long; lemmas pale to golden brown until maturity. 


mpikes 2) sometimes: Icon o:2e- oe ee 
SSIES GONG: eeu Cech te ee ee 


td Bo aie a ORs Bogs of ares 3. C. FLORIDANA. 
ee ee Sareea? bs Eh 4. C. NEGLECTA. 


Section 2. Huchloris 


Rudiment narrow, oblong, acute, often inconspicuous. (Second rudiment truncate in C. 


gayana). 


Plant producing long, stout stolons... 


SSS sease soso escent ete ace see eee eoncenes oO. 


~ 


C. GAYANA. 


Plant not stoloniferous (occasionally with short stolons in C. andropogonoides). 
Fertile lemma about 2.5 mm. long; plants mostly less than 50 cm. tall; spikes mostly 


less than, LOtem: long: ieee 


Pin So ies ie ee en 7. C. ANDROPOGONOIDES. 


Fertile lemma 4 to 7 mm. long; plants 40 to 100 cm. or more tall; spikes mostly more 


than 10 em. long. 


Blades folded, abruptly acute or rounded; spikes whorled, naked at base. 


8. C. TEXENSIS. 


Blades flat, long-acuminate; spikes racemose on a short axis, solitary or in small 


PASCIClES ti ae Roe ee 


C. CHLORIDEA. 


Rudiment truncate-broadened at apex, usually conspicuous (rather narrow in C. virgata). 
Lemma conspiculusly ciliate-villous, the spikes feathery. 


Plants annual. Lemma long-ciliate on the lateral nerves near apex........ 9. 


Plants perennial. 


C. VIRGATA. 


Spikes flexuous, nodding, mostly 10 to 15 cm. long; hairs much exceeding the spike- 


C. POLYDACTYLA. 


Spikes straight or subflexuous, 5 to 7 em. long; hairs about equaling the spikelets. 


C. CILIATA. 


Lemma minutely ciliate on the nerves or glabrous, the spikes not feathery. 
Awn of fertile lemma usually 3 to 8 mm. long; spikes mostly 7 to 12 em. long, the spike- 


lets not closely crowded..........-...-..... 


Pee at NE os ROS oe 12. C. VERTICILLATA. 


Awn of fertile lemma usually less than 3 mm. long; spikes usually less than 6 cm. long, 


the spikelets crowded. 


Awns about 1 mm. long; rudiment prominent, inflated, broadly triangular-truncate, 


about 1.5 mm. wide as folded at summit..._.......................- 1055 


C. CUCULLATA. 


Awns 2 to 3 mm. long; rudiment not inflated, not more than 1 mm. wide as folded at 


summit. 


Rudiment oblong-cuneate, about 0.6 mm. wide as folded at summit. 


13. C. SUBDOLICHOSTACHYA. 


Rudiment triangular-truncate, about 1 mm. wide as folded at summit. 


Section 1. Etsracuys (Desv.) Reichenb. 


Lemmas firm, brown to_ blackish, 
awnless or mucronate only; 
glumes scabrous, the second mu- 
cronate from a notched or trun- 
cate summit. Perennials. 

1. Chloris glatica (Chapm.) Wood. 
(Fig. 756.) Glaucous; culms erect, 
compressed, stout, 70 to 150 em. tall; 
basal sheaths several, broad, com- 
pressed, keeled, overlapping and equi- 
tant, those of the succeeding 1 or 2 
distant nodes similar, 2 to 4 leaves 
ageregate; blades flat or folded, as 


14. C. LATISQUAMEA. 


much as 1 cm. wide, the tip abruptly 
rounded; spikes several to many (as 
many as 20), ascending, 7 to 12 cm. 
long; spikelets about 2 mm. long; 
lemma glabrous or scaberulous on the 
nerves. 2 (Hustachys — glauca 
Chapm.)—Brackish marshes, wet 
prairies, and swamps, North Carolina 
(Wilmington), Georgia (Baker Coun- 
ty), and Florida. 

2. Chloris petraéa Swartz. (Fig. 
757.) Often glaucous, sometimes pur- 
plish; culms slender, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall, more or less decumbent and root- 


MANUAL 


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Figure 756.—Chloris glauca. Plant, X 1; florets, X 5. (Combs and Baker 1143, Fle 


ing or producing distinct stolons; 
sheaths compressed, strongly keeled, 
usually 2 to 4 aggregate below; blades 
3 to 8 mm. wide, often short and nu- 
merous on the stolons; spikes mostly 
4 to 6, 4 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 2 
mm. long; lemma mucronate, short- 
ciliate on the nerves. 2 (Hustachys 
petraea Desv.)—Strands, sandy fields, 
and open pine woods, Coastal Plain, 
North Carolina to Florida and Texas; 
tropical America. 

3. Chloris floridana (Chapm.) 
Wood. (Fig. 758.) Culms slender, 40 
to 80 cm. tall; sheaths compressed, 
crowded at base but not paired or ag- 
gregate at succeeding nodes; blades 3 
to 7 mm. wide, somewhat narrowed 
toward the acutish tip; spikes mostly 
2, sometimes | or 3, 5 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets 3 mm. long; second glume 
with an awn about | mm. long; lemma 
with a slender mucro 0.5 to 1 mm. 


long, stiffly ciliate on keel and lateral 
nerves. 2 (Hustachys floridana 
Chapm.)—Dry sandy woods and 
open ground, Georgia and Florida. 

4. Chloris neglécta Nash. (Fig. 

759.) Differing from C. floridana in 
having usually taller, stouter culms, 
the leaves sometimes paired at the 
lower nodes; spikes 3 to 8, mostly 4 
to6. 2 (Kustachys neglecta Nash.) 
—QOpen sandy woods and swamps, 
Florida. 

Chloris distichophylla Lag. Culms 
about 1 m. tall; spikes several (as 
many as 20), drooping, feathery; 
lemma ciliate with silky hairs 1 mm. 
long. 2 —Escaped from cultiva- 
tion in southern California. A speci- 
men from Bastrop, Tex., is probably 
also an escape from cultivation; South 
America. 


CHLORIS ARGENTINA (Hack.) Lillo and 
Parodi. Culms erect, compressed, 30 to 90 


Peet Z << 


WTS AS “SS 


RN 


YY 


— ll 


Figure 757.—Chloris petraea. Plant, X 1; florets, X 5. 
(Curtiss, Fla.) 


F1GuRE 758.—Chloris floridana. Panicle, X 1; florets, 


X< 5. (Nash 2198, Fla.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S 


. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cm. tall; leaves mostly crowded toward the 
base, the sheaths compressed, keeled, the 
blades short, 4 to 10 mm. wide; racemes 7 
to 12, mostly 5 to 10 cm. long, erect or 
ascending, crowded, brown, appearing feath- 
ery from the cilia on the margins of the lem- 
ma; spikelets about 2mm.long. 2 —Jn- 
troduced from Argentina. Roadsides near 
Tifton, Ga. Probably escaped from cultiva- 
tion. 

CHLORIS CAPENSIS (Houtt.) Thell. Sto- 
loniferous perennial; culms 40 to 75 cm. tall; 
blades obtuse; spikes few to several, finally 


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Figure 759.—Chloris neglecta. Panicle, X 1; florets, 


x 5. (Curtiss 3445, Fla.) 


arcuate-spreading; spikelets about 2.5 mm. 
long, the glumes short-awned, the brown 
lemmas white-ciliate on the keel and mar- 
—TIntroduced from South 


Africa. Levy County, Fla. Probably escaped 


gin, awnless. 2 


from cultivation. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 523 


Fiaure 760.—Chloris gayana. Plant, X %; florets, X 5. (Hitchcock 13667, Ariz.) 


524 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Srcrion 2. Eucuuéris Endl. 
Lemmas tawny to grayish or fuscous, 
awned; glumes acute to acumi- 
nate. Mostly perennial. 

5. Chloris gayana Kunth. RHopxEs 
Grass. (Fig. 760.) Culms 1 to 1.5 
m. tall with long, stout, leafy stolons, 
the internodes compressed, tough 
and wiry; blades 3 to 5 mm. wide, 
tapering to a fine point; spikes 
several to numerous, erect or as- 
cending, 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 
crowded, pale-tawny; lemma 3 mm. 
long, hispid on the margin near the 
summit, more or less hispidulous be- 
low, the awn | to 5 mm. long; rudi- 
ment commonly of 2 florets, the lower 
occasionally fertile, rather narrow, 
the awn usually somewhat shorter 
than that of the fertile lemma, the 
upper minute, broad, truncate. 2 
—Cultivated for forage in warmer 
regions, escaped into fields and waste 
places, North Carolina and from 
Florida to southern California and 
in tropical America. Introduced from 
Africa. A promising meadow grass 
in irrigated regions. 


6. Chloris chloridea (Presl) Hitche. 
(Fig. 761.) Culms slender, 60 to 100 
cm. tall; blades flat, 3 to 7 mm. wide, 
long-acuminate; spikes slender, few 
to several, mostly 8 to 15 em. long, 
approximate on an axis 2 to 10 cm. 
long; spikelets appressed, not crowd- 
ed; lemma narrow, glabrous, some- 
what scaberulous toward the tip, 
about 6 mm. long, the awn 10 to 12 
mm. long; rudiment very narrow, 
awned. 2 (C. clandestina Scribn. 
and Merr.)—Open ground, Texas 
(Brownsville), Arizona, Mexico, and 
Honduras. Large cleistogamous spike- 
lets are borne on slender underground 
branches, rather rare in herbarium 
specimens, either infrequent or readi- 
ly broken off. 

7. Chloris andropogonoides Fourn. 
(Fig. 762.) Culms densely tufted, 20 
to 40 cm. tall, the leaves mostly 
basal; blades about 1 mm. wide as 
folded; spikes slender, few to several, 
5 to 10 em. long, whorled, divergent, 
floriferous from base; spikelets scarce- 
ly overlapping; lemma minutely pu- 
bescent on midnerve and margin or 


Figure 761.—Chloris chloridea. Terminal and subterranean inflorescences, X 1; florets, X 5. (Silveus 379, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


025 


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SSE ZZ 
gee” ELLE 
sZ 
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Figure 762.—Chloris andropogonoides. Panicles, X 1; florets, X 5. (Chase 6067, Tex.) 


glabrous, 2 to 3 mm., usually about 
2.5 mm. long, awned below the tip, 
the awn about 5 mm. long; rudiment 
narrow, the awn usually shorter than 
that of the lemma. 2 (C. tenu- 
ispica Nash.)—Plains, Texas and 
northern Mexico. 

8. Chloris texénsis Nash. (Fig. 
763.) Culms taller and stouter than 
in C. andropogonoides; blades 2 to 3 


mm. wide as folded; spikes slender, 
mostly about 15 to 18 cm. long, 
naked for 1 to 4 cm. at the base; 
spikelets appressed, not crowded; 
lemma about 4 mm. long, naked on 
the midnerve, minutely pilose on 
margin toward summit; awn about 
1 cm. long. 2° (C. nealleyz Nash.) 
—Plains, Texas, rare. 


Fieure 763.—Chloris texensis. Panicle, X 1; florets, X 5. (Thurow 8, Tex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


526 


glumes and florets, X 5. (Tracy 8173, Tex.) 


43; 


Chloris virgata. Plant, X } 


Figure 764.— 


long; 


with a 
rudiment narrow, of 3 or 4 reduced 
sterile lemmas each with a _ long 


fertile lemma 2.5 mm. long, narrow, 
the summit, 
delicate awn 7 to 10 mm. 


ciliate near 


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MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


delicate erect awn. 
Wilmington, N. C., 
Ala.; West Africa. 

9. Chloris virgata Swartz. FEATHER 
FINGERGRASS. (Fig. 764.) Annual; 
culms ascending to spreading, 40 to 
60 or even 100 cm. tall; upper sheaths 
often inflated; blades flat, 2 to 6 mm. 
wide; spikes several, 2 to 8 cm. long, 
erect, whitish or tawny,. feathery or 


© —Ballast, 
and Mobile, 


Ws 
CPW ZS 
LULZ 

WS 


“Le 
TESE 


SS 
~ 
UU, 
AME MY 
ANN 
.. \ YQ CAS 


Uh 
SARS 


silky; spikelets crowded; lemma 3 
mm. long, somewhat humpbacked on 
the keel, long-ciliate on the margins 
near the apex, the slender awn 5 to 
10 mm. long; rudiment narrowly 
cuneate, truncate, the awn as long 
as that of the lemma. © (C. ele- 
gans H. B. K.)—Open ground, a 
common weed in fields and waste 
places; Nebraska to Texas and south- 
ern California; Maine and Massa- 
chusetts, on wool waste; introduced 


527 


in a few localities in the Eastern 
States, Ohio, Indiana, and North 
Carolina to Florida; Louisiana and 
Missouri; tropical America. 

10. Chloris _ polydactyla (L.) 
Swartz. (Fig. 765.) Culms erect, 
wiry, 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades as 
much as 1 cm. wide; spikes several 
to many, mostly 10 to 15 cm. long, 
flexuous, nodding, tawny, feathery; 


Co 


Ze 


CE 
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SN ARS 
SS QV x 
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SS YAY SAY 
WK, Ne NS 
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AY NS ( 
S Ue 
SN\ 


Figure 766.—Chloris ciliata. Pan- 
icle, X 1; florets, X 5. (Tracy 
8886, Tex.) 


Ficure 765.—Chloris polydactyla. 


Panicle, *X 1; florets, X 5. (Simp- 
son, Fla.) 


spikelets crowded; lemma ciliate with 
long silky hairs; rudiment oblong, 
obliquely truncate, awns of lemma 
and rudiment about 3 mm. long. 2 
—Open sandy soil, southern Florida; 
West Indies to Paraguay. 

11. Chloris ciliata Swartz. (Fig. 
766.) Perennial; culms erect or as- 
cending, 50 to 100 cm. tall; leaves 
not aggregate toward the base, 
sheaths not much compressed; blades 
3 to 5 mm. wide, sharply acuminate; 


028 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


_ Ficure 767.—Chloris verticillata. Panicle, X 1; florets, X 5. (Ball 1112, Tex.) 


spikes mostly 3 to 6, usually 5 to 7 
cm. long, digitate or nearly so, erect 
to spreading, somewhat flexuous; 
spikelets crowded, about 3 mm. long; 
lemma densely long-villous on the 
keel and the middle of the margin, 
the awn shorter than the body; rudi- 
ment triangular-cuneate, about 2 
mm. wide. 2 (C. nash Heller.) 
—Open grassland, southern Texas 
and Mexico. 

12. Chloris verticillata Nutt. WIND- 
MILL GRASS. (Fig. 767.) Culms tufted, 
10 to 40 cm. tall, erect or decumbent 
at base, sometimes rooting at the 
lower nodes; leaves crowded at base, 
2 to 4, sometimes aggregate at lower 
nodes; sheaths compressed, blades 1 
to 8 mm. wide, obtuse; spikes slender, 
7 to 10 or even 15 cm. long, in 1 to 
3 whorls, finally widely spreading; 
spikelets about 3 mm. long; fertile 
lemma pubescent on the nerves, the 
awn mostly 5 to 8 mm. long; rudi- 
ment (rarely fertile), cuneate-oblong, 
rather turgid, about 0.7 mm. wide 
as folded, truncate, the awn about 5 
mm. long. 2 —Plains, Missouri 
to Colorado, south to Louisiana and 
Arizona; introduced in Maryland, 


Indiana, Illinois, and California 
(Berkeley). The inflorescence at ma- 
turity breaks away and rolls before 
the wind as a tumbleweed. 

13. Chloris subdolichostachya C. 
Muell. (Fig. 768.) Similar to C. ver- 
tacillata, but not more than 20 cm. 
tall, spikes mostly less than 6 cm. 
long, these more condensed and usu- 
ally in one whorl or irregularly approx- 
imate; lemma 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 
the awns mostly less than 3 mm. 
long; rudiment oblong-cuneate, about 
0.6 mm. wide as folded. 2 (C. 
brevispica Nash.)—Plains, Kansas, 
Texas. 

14. Chloris latisquamea Nash. (Fig. 
769.) Culms densely tufted, 20 to 
60 cm. tall, very leafy at base, some- 
times rooting at the lower nodes; 
sheaths compressed, 2 to 4 often 
aggregate at the lower node; blades 
2 to 4 mm. wide; spikes mostly 8 to 
12, relatively broad, 4 to 10 cm. 
long, in 1 or 2 whorls, spreading; 
spikelets rather crowded, pale, turn- 
ing fuscous at maturity; lemma about 
2.5mm. long, pubescent on the nerves, 
the awn 2 to 2.5 mm. long; rudiment 
(rarely fertile) triangular cuneate, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


SS ee 


FiegurE 769.—Chloris latisquamea. Panicle, 
X 1; florets, X 5. (Mearns 1233, Ariz.) 


CHOON See 


Q 


about 1 mm. wide at summit as 
folded. 2 —Plains, Texas, Ari- 
zona. Resembling C. cucullata, but 
commonly taller with longer spikes, 
the rudiment longer than broad, less 
inflated, the awns 2 to 2.5 mm. long. 

15. Chloris cucullata Bisch. (Fig. 
770.) Culms tufted, erect or some- 
what spreading at base, 20 to 50 cm. 


529 


Figure 768.—Chloris  subdolichostachya. 


Panicle, X 1; florets, X 5. (Heller 1579, 
Tex.) 


Li) 


Mf 
Yps 


AA fal t/t 
i Aaa 


AL 
HY 


NANI LCL 


Figure 770.—Chloris cucullata. Panicle, X 
1; florets, X 5. (Hitchcock 5497, Tex.) 


tall; sheaths compressed; blades 1 
to 2 mm. wide as folded, the upper- 
most often much reduced; spikes 
numerous, 2 to 5 cm. long, digitate, 
radiating, flexuous or curled; spike- 
lets crowded, stramineous, turning 
fuscous at maturity, triangular, about 
2 mm. long and about as_ broad; 
rudiment prominent, compressed-cup- 


530 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


shaped, about 1.5 mm. wide, the 
awns of lemma and rudiment about 
lmm.long. 2 —Plains and sandy 
barrens, Texas, Oklahoma, and New 
Mexico. 

Chloris radiata (L.) Swartz. Weedy 
branching annual; culms 30 to 40 cm. 
long, decumbent; blades thin, 2 to 3 
mm. wide; spikes slender, several to 
many, 3 to 8 em. long; lemma nar- 
row, 2.5 mm. long, the narrow rudi- 
ment mostly included in its margins; 
awns of lemma and rudiment very 
slender, 5 to 10 mm. long. © — 
Ballast, near Portland, Oreg.; tropical 
America. 

Chloris submiitica H. B. K. Spar- 
ingly stoloniferous, culms 30 to 65 
cm. tall; sheaths compressed-keeled; 
spikes 5 to 14, 3 to 8 cm. long, some- 
what whorled on a short axis, spread- 
ing; spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long; 


fertile floret 3 to 3.5 mm. long, the 


callus bearded, the lemma obtuse, 
pilose toward the summit, awnless or 
mucronate; rudiment truncate, awn- 
less 21 —Dona Ana County, N. 


Mex., probably escaped from culti- 
vation. Mexico. 

CHLORIS BERROI Arech. Densely tufted, 
culms 40 to 65 cm. tall, leafy; spikes and 
spikelets much like those of C. ciliata, but 
the 2 to 5 spikes closely and permanently 
appressed, the rachises adhering, forming a 
subcylindrical silky inflorescence. 2 —Oc- 
casionally cultivated, Oklahoma and Texas, 
introduced from Uruguay. 

CHLORIS VENTRICOSA R. Br. Culms strag- 
gling and rooting at the nodes, 40 to 90 cm. 
long; spikes 3 to 5, 7 to 10 cm. long, flexuous, 
spreading or drooping; spikelets about 5 mm. 
long; fertile lemma subindurate, brown, 
truncate, glabrous except for the pubescent 
callus, awn 4 to 5 mm. long, that of the trun- 
cate rudiment 1 to 2 mm. long. 4 —Oc- 
casionally cultivated, Virginia and Okla- 
homa; introduced from Australia. 

CHLORIS CANTERAI Arech. Perennial, re- 
sembling C. polydactyla, but blades only 2 to 
5 mm. wide; spikes 2 to 4; spikelets slightly 
larger. 2 —Spontaneous along roadsides 
and in uncultivated ground, Bexar County, 
Texas, introduced from Paraguay. 

CHLORIS TRUNCATA R. Br. Stoloniferous 
perennial; culms erect, 10 to 30 ecm. tall; 
spikes 6 to 10, 7 to 15 cm. long, horizontal or 
reflexed; spikelets 3 mm. long, the awns 6 to 
12 mm. long. 2 W—Occasionally culti- 
vated for ornament under the name star- 
grass. Australia. 


111. TRICHLORIS Fourn. 


Spikelets 2- to 5-flowered, nearly sessile, in 2 rows along one side of a con- 
tinuous slender rachis, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes and pro- 
longed behind the uppermost perfect floret, bearing a reduced, usually awned 
floret; glumes unequal, acuminate, or short-awned, the body shorter than 
the lower lemma; lemmas narrow, 3-nerved, the midnerve and usually the 
lateral nerves extending into slender awns. Erect, slender, tufted perennials, 
with flat scabrous blades and numerous erect or ascending spikes, aggregate 
but scarcely digitate at the summit of the culms. Type species, T’richloris 
pluriflora. Name from Latin rz, three, and Chloris, a genus of grasses, the 
lemmas being 3-awned. 


Spikelets 2-flowered, both lemmas with 3 long awns............-.2.---------------------- 1. T. CRINITA; 
Spikelets 3- to 5-flowered, the lateral awns of the lemmas more or less reduced, sometimes 
ODSOlETC = te ee ah a ate a ere en Ta Ee nh) ee 2. T. PLURIFLORA. 


1. Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi. 


(Fig. 771, A.) Culms 40 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades 2 to 4 mm. wide; inflo- 
rescence dense, feathery, the spikes 
5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets crowded; 
fertile lemma about 3 mm. long, the 
second lemma much reduced, both 
with delicate awns about 1 em. long. 
2 (T. mendocina (Phil.) Kurtz.)— 
Plains, canyons, and rocky hills, 


western Texas to Arizona and north- 
ern Mexico; southern South America. 
Rarely cultivated for ornament (as 
T. blanchardiana Fourn.). 

2. Trichloris plurifl6ra Fourn. (Fig. 
771, B.) Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades 5 to 10 mm. wide; inflorescence 
looser and less feathery than in T. 
crinita; spikes 7 to 15 cm. long; fertile 


531 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


lumes and florets, X 5. (Nealley, Tex.) B, T. pluriflora. 
Griffiths 6484, Tex.) 


g 


Glumes and florets, X 5. ( 


Figure 771.—A, Trichloris crinita. Plant, X 4%; 


32 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


lemma about 4 mm. long, the others obsolete. 2 —Plains and dry 
successively shorter, the middle awns woods, southern Texas and Mexico; 
of all 5 to 15 mm. long, somewhat southern South America. 

spreading, the lateral awns short or 


112. BOUTELOUA Lag. Grama 


Spikelets 1-flowered, with the rudiments of 1 or more florets above, sessile, 
in 2 rows along one side of the rachis; glumes 1-nerved, acuminate or awn- 
tipped, the first shorter and narrower; lemma as long as the second glume or a 
little longer, 3-nerved, the nerves extending into short awns or mucros, the 
internerves usually extending into lobes or teeth; palea sometimes 2-awned; 
rudiment various, usually 3-awned, the awns usually longer than those of the 
fertile lemma, a second rudimentary floret sometimes present. Perennial or 
sometimes annual, low or rather tall grasses, with 2 to several or many spikes 
racemose on a common axis, or sometimes solitary, the spikelets few to many 
in each spike, rarely solitary, pectinate or more loosely arranged and appressed, 
the rachis of the spike usually naked at the tip. The sterile florets forming the 
rudiment are variable in all the species and commonly in individual specimens. 
The general pattern of rudiment is fairly constant for each species, the vari- 
ability being in the reduction or increase in number and size of the sterile 
florets, the reduction from 3 awns to 1, and in the amount of pubescence. 
Type species, Boutelowa racemosa Lag. (B. curtipendula). Named for the broth- 
a ee Claudio, and Esteban. The genus was originally published as 

otelua. 

The many species are among our most valuable forage grasses, forming an 
important part of the grazing on the western ranges. B. gracilis, blue grama, 
and B. hirsuta, hairy grama, are prominent in “short grass” regions of the 
Great Plains; B. eriopoda, black grama, and B. rothrockti, Rothrock grama, 


are prominent in Arizona. Two annuals, B. barbata and B. parryi, form a part” 


of the sixweeks grasses of the Southwest; B. curtipendula is widely distributed 


and is much used for grazing and for hay; B. trifida is important from Texas 
to Arizona. 


Spikelets not pectinately arranged (except in B. chondrosioides), the spikes falling entire at 


ee UU ry otis eather to ag ee Als A a Ne Section 1. ATHEROPOGON. 
Spikelets pectinately arranged, the spikes persistent, the florets falling from the persistent 
SIUM eS 8 ie te 5 Pa Sec ee 0 | an mee SECTION 2. CHONDROSIUM. 


PlAMtS ANNWS lees ho ioe a ik Vee se Ie le, es ee Le 1. B. ARISTIDOIDES. 
Plants perennial. 


Spikes usually 20 to 50; awns short, inconspicuous. 


Spikes of 1 or 2 spikelets; culms very slender...............-.2.-c2.-e0--0------- 2. B. UNIFLORA. 
Spikes of few to several spikelets; culms mostly stouter............ 3. B. CURTIPENDULA. 


Spikes fewer; awns conspicuous. 
Glumes pubescent. 
Spikes rhomboid-oblong, as much as 2 em. long, the spikelets somewhat pectinately 
AITANC ECC 24) 2 st 4 BES te te SNe Penn eek eee 6. B. CHONDROSTOIDES. 
Spikes cuneate-triangular, about 1 em. long (including the awns), the spikelets ap- 
pressed, not pectinately arranged. 
Culms 20 to 30 cm. tall; leaves crowded at base: spikes mostly 6 to 8. 
B. RIGIDISETA. 
Culms mostly 30 to 50 cm. tall, leafy throughout; spikes mostly more than 19. 
B. ELUDENS. 
Glumes glabrous or scabrous, not pubescent. 
Base of plants hard, rhizomatous; culms mostly simple; spikes 2 to 3 em. long. 
. B. RADICOSA. 
Base of plants not rhizomatous; culms branching; spikes usually about 1.5 em., some- 
times’ 2:;cmit along hee Uae is ae eek ee) Ape oe eee 8. B. FILIFORMIS, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 033 


Section 2. Chondrostum 
Plants annual (see also B. rothrockit); densely tufted, spreading. 


Soule aimee bees aie eee ee A ee MO eee 9. B. SIMPLEX. 
Spikes 2 or more. 
naciishpapillose-pilosesis eens citece tise 3S ees 11. B. PaRRYI. 
varclai Sein @ ppl ose seo e ee eee le ss ey ee el 10. B. BARBATA. 
Plants perennial. 
Plants decumbent or stoloniferous; culms white-lanate............-.....----- 17. B. ERIOPODA. 


Plants erect or nearly so; culms tufted, not lanate. 
Spikes normally 2, sometimes 1 or 3. 
Rachis prolonged beyond the spikelets as a naked pe enuuies tuberculate. 


Culms retrorsely hirsute below the nodes...................... ._ 13. B. @LANDULOSA. 

Gulls ean @USevsk eee eee Nw, a sree 2 UN Seen 14. B. wrrsura. 
Rachis not prolonged; glumes not tuberculate (slightly so in B. gracilis). 

Culms herbaceous, the base not woody...................2-.2222.2220000------ 15. B. GRACILIS. 

Culmsswoody-and perennial at base....2........22..--0.0-1 0s 16. B. BREVISETA. 


Spikes normally 4 or more (see also B. gracilis var. stricta). 
Culms 25 to 50 cm. tall; awn 1 to 2 mm. long; glumes scabrous; spikes spreading. 
B. ROTHROCKII. 
Culms 10 to 20 cm. tall; awn about 5 mm. long; glumes glabrous; spikes usually 
FUDGE SSC Cla aaa aren ce see ie Mee ate AS Se Oe ee ee 18. B. TRIFIDA. 


Srecrion 1. AtHerRorécon (Muhl.) Endl. 


Spikes deciduous from the main ax- 
is; spikelets not pectinately ar- 
ranged (somewhat so in B. chon- 
drosioides). (Atheropogon Muhl. 
based on A. apludoides Muhl. 
(Bouteloua curtipendula).) 

1. Bouteloua aristidoides (H. B. 

K.) Griseb. NEEDLE GRAMA. (Fig. 

772.) Annual, erect or spreading, 


Figure 773.—Bouteloua uniflora, X 7. (Type.) 


branching; culms slender, 10 to 30 
em. tall; blades small and few, in 
vigorous plants as much as 15 cm. 
long; spikes mostly 8 to 14 on a slen- 
der axis, reflexed, readily falling, the 
base of the rachis forming a sharp, 
bearded point; spikelets 2 to 4, nar- 
row, appressed; rudiment of 3 sca- 
brous awns about 5 mm. long, ex- 
ceeding the fertile floret. © (Tri- 
athera aristidoides Nash.)—Mesas, 
deserts, and foothills in open ground, 
Texas to Nevada, southern Cali- 

by alt fornia, and northern Mexico; Argen- 
Figure 772.—Bouteloua aristidoides. Panicle, X 1; 


spikelet, X 5. (Griffiths 7308, Ariz.) tina. 


534 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


4 
‘ 


Figure 774.—Bouteloua curtipendula. Plant, X 14; spikelet and florets, X 5. (Chase 5408, Colo.) 


BOUTELOUA ARISTIDOIDES var. ARI- —Mesas and deserts, southern Ari- 
ZONICA Jones. Spikes arcuate, to 2.6 zona and northern Mexico. 
cm. long, with 5 to 10 spikelets. © 2. Bouteloua uniflora Vasey. (Fig. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


773.) Resembles slender forms of B. 
curtipendula, culms slender, wiry, 
sometimes with slender stolons, the 
slender blades subinvolute, the spikes 
8 to 9 mm. long, with 1 or 2 spikelets, 
the scabrous rachis mostly longer 
than the first glume; lemma awnless; 
rudiment reduced to a single awn ap- 
pressed to the back of the palea. 2 
—Rocky hills and valleys, central and 
western Texas. 

3. Bouteloua curtipéndula (Michx.) 
Torr. SIDE-OATS GRAMA. (Fig. 774.) 
Perennial, with scaly rhizomes; culms 
erect, tufted, 50 to 80 cm. tall; blades 
flat or subinvolute, 3 to 4mm. wide, 
scabrous; spikes 35 to 50, 1 to 2 em. 
long, purplish, spreading or pendulous 
and mostly twisted to one side of the 
slender axis, this 15 to 25 cm. long; 
spikelets 5 to 8, appressed or ascend- 
ing, 6 to 10 mm. long; fertile lemma 
acute, mucronate; rudiment with 3 
awns and _ subacute intermediate 
lobes, often reduced and inconspicu- 
ous. 2 (Atheropogon curtipendulus 
Fourn.)—Plains, prairies, and rocky 
hills, Maine and Ontario to Montana, 
south to Virginia, Alabama, Texas, 
Arizona, and 
South Carolina (introduced); Mexico 
to Argentina. 

4, Bouteloua rigidiséta (Steud.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 775.) Perennial, tufted, 
leafy at base; culms erect, 20 to 30 
em. tall; blades narrow, flat or some- 
what involute, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, 
sparingly papillose-pilose; spikes 6 
to 8, triangular-cuneate, spreading, 
about 1 to 1.2 cm. long including the 
awns; spikelets mostly 2 to 4, 
crowded, ascending; glumes pubes- 
cent; fertile lemma with 3 spreading 
awns, the intermediate lobes acute; 
rudiment with stout spreading awns, 
much exceeding those of the fertile 
lemma, the intermediate lobes firm, 
pointed, a second similar but smaller 
rudiment commonly developed. 2 
(B. texana 8. Wats.; Polyodon texanus 
Nash.)—Plains and rocky hills, Okla- 
-homa, Texas, and northern Mexico. 

5. Bouteloua_ elfidens Griffiths. 
(Fig. 776.) Perennial, densely tufted, 


southern California; 


039 


Figure 775.—Bouteloua rigidiseta. Panicle, X 
spikelet, X 7; lemma and florets, X 5. (oninithe 
6370, Tex.) 


leafy at base; culms erect, 25 to 60 
em. tall; blades mostly 1 to 1.5 mm. 
wide; axis slender, flexuous, 6 to 8 
cm. long; spikes 10 to 20, triangular, 
spreading, about 1 em. long including 
the awns; spikelets about 5; rachis 
and glumes densely pubescent; fertile 
lemma pubescent toward the summit, 
the apex 3-cleft, the divisions awn- 
tipped; rudiment with stout pubes- 
cent awns about 5 mm. long, the long 
narrow intermediate lobes glabrous; a 
second similar but smaller rudiment 
usually developed. 2 —Rocky 
hills, southern Arizona and Sonora, 
Mexico. 


7 

536 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE | 
| 

4 


Ficure 776.—Bouteloua eludens. Panicle, X 1; spike and spikelet, x 5. (Type.) 


6. Bouteloua chondrosioides (H. 
B. K.) Benth. ex 8. Wats. (Fig. 777.) 
Perennial, tufted, leafy at base; culms 
erect, 20 to 50 cm. tall; blades 2 to 3 
mm. wide; axis 4 to 6 cm. long; spikes 
4 to 6, rhomboid-oblong, ascending, 1 
to 2 em. long, the rachis densely 
pubescent, the tip 3-cleft; spikelets 
several, subpectinate; rachis broad, 
densely pubescent on the margin; 
glumes and fertile lemma densely pu- 
bescent, the lemma 3-cleft, the divi- 
sions awn-tipped; rudiment cleft 
nearly to the base, the middle awn 
broadly winged, the lateral ones slen- 


der, all spreading. 2 —Mesas and 
rocky hills, western Texas to southern 
Arizona; Mexico and Guatemala. 

7. Bouteloua_ radicésa_ (Fourn.) 
Griffiths. PURPLE GRAMA. (Fig. 778.) 
Perennial, tufted, from a stout rhizo- 
matous base; culms erect, 60 to 80 
cm. tall; blades 2 to 3 mm. wide, 
sparsely papillose-cilate on the mar- 
gin, mostly aggregate toward the 
lower part of the culm, the upper part 
naked; axis 10 to 15 cm. long; spikes 
mostly 7 to 12, oblong, 2 to 3) cm: 
long; spikelets mostly 8 to 11; glumes 
broader than in other species; fertile 


| 


a a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


lemma indurate down the center, 
with 3 awns, the middle longest, and 
no intermediate lobes; rudiment with 
3 awns 5 to 8 mm. long and no inter- 
mediate lobes, usually containing a 
palea and staminate flower some- 
times a perfect flower, the lower floret 
being staminate. 21 —Rocky hills, 
southern New Mexico to southern 
California and Mexico. 

8. Bouteloua (filiformis (Fourn.) 
Griffiths. SLENDER GRAMA. (Fig. 779.) 
Resembling B. radicosa; culms erect 
or geniculate-spreading, sparingly 
branching, the base not rhizomatous; 
spikes ascending to spreading, mostly 
about 1.5 cm. long, sometimes as 
much as 2 cm.; spikelets mostly 6 to 
10, very like those of B. radicosa. 2 
—Rocky hills, Texas to Arizona and 
Mexico; Panama. 


SECTION 2. CHonpROsIUM (Desv.) Benth. 


Spikes persistent; spikelets crowded 
(looser in B. ertopoda), pectinate; 
florets falling from the glumes. 
(Chondrosium Desv. based on C. 
procumbens Durand (B. sample). 


FiacureE 777.—Bouteloua chondrosioides. Panicle, X 1; 


spikelet, X 5. (fype.) 


Figure 778.—Bouteloua radicosa. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Griffiths 7181, Ariz.) 


Ficure 779.—Bouteloua filiformis. Panicle, X 1; 


spikelet, X 5. (Griffiths 7199, Ariz.) 


9. Bouteloua simplex Lag. Mar 
GRAMA. (Fig. 780.) Annual, tufted, 
prostrate or ascending; foliage scant; 
blades 2 to 3 em. long, about 1.5 mm. 
wide; spike solitary, 1.5 to 2.5 cm. 


538 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 780.—Bouteloua simplex. Plant, X 1; spikelet, 
X< 5. (Griffiths 7362, Ariz.) 


long, strongly arcuate at maturity; 
spikelets mostly 20 to 30, about 5 
mm. long; fertile lemma pilose at base 
with stout awns and subacute inter- 
mediate lobes; rudiment bearded at 
summit of rachilla-joint, cleft to the 
base or nearly so, the awns equal, a 
second rudiment, broad and awnless, 
sometimes developed. © (B. pro- 
cumbens Griffiths.)—Open ground, 
Texas to Colorado, Utah, Arizona, 
and Mexico; wool waste, Maine; 
Ecuador to Argentina. 

10. Bouteloua barbata Lag. Srx- 
WEEKS GRAMA. (Fig. 781.) Annual, 
tufted, branching, erect to prostrate, 
often forming mats with ascending 
ends, the culms as much as 30 cm. 
long; foliage scant; blades 1 to 4 cm. 
long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide; spikes 4 to 


7, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets 25 to 40, 
2.5 to 4 mm. long, nearly as broad; 
fertile lemma densely pilose at least 
along the sides, usually throughout, 
the awns from minute to as long as 
the body, the intermediate lobes sub- 
acute to obtuse; rudiment from ob- 
scurely to conspicuously bearded at 
summit of rachilla joint, cleft nearly 
to the base, the intermediate lobes 
broad, subcucullate, the awns of rudi- 
ment and fertile lemma reaching 
about the same height, a second rudi- 
ment, broad and awnless, often de- 
veloped. © (B. microstachya L. H. 
Dewey.)—Open ground, mesas, and 
rocky hills, Texas and Colorado to 
Nevada and southeastern California; 
Mexico. The awns vary in length. 
The form with shorter awns is that 
described as B. pumila Buckl.; the 
longer awned form is that described 
as B. arenosa Vasey. 

11. Bouteloua parryi (Fourn.) 
Griffiths. Parry GRAMA. (Fig. 782.) 


Fiaure 781.—Bouteloua barbata. Plant, X 1; spikelet, 
x 5. (Griffiths 6095, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF 


Annual, resembling B. 
culms erect or geniculate-spreading, 
sometimes branching; blades papil- 
lose-pilose; spikes 4 to 8, often flexu- 
ous, commonly grayish purple, 2 to 
3.5 cm. long; rachis papillose-pilose; 
spikelets 40 to 65, about 6 mm. long; 
second glume awned from a bifid tip, 
the keel papillose-pilose with spread- 
ing hairs; fertile lemma densely pilose, 
deeply cleft, the awns spreading, the 
oblong intermediate lobes fimbriate; 
rudiment densely bearded at summit 
of rachilla, cleft nearly to the base, 
the lobes obovate, fimbriate, the awns 
exceeding those of the fertile lemma; 
a second rudiment, broad, awnless or 
with a single awn, usually developed. 
© —Mesas and rocky hills, New 
Mexico, Arizona, and northern Mex- 
iO. 
12. Bouteloua rothréckii Vasey. 
ROTHROCK GRAMA. (Fig. 783.) Peren- 
nial, sometimes appearing to be an- 
nual; culms tufted, erect, 25 to 50 cm. 
tall; blades 2 to 3 mm. wide; axis 10 
to 25 cm. long; spikes 4 to 12, 2.5 to 
3 cm. long, straight to subarcuate; 


Figure 782.—Bouteloua parryi. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Griffiths 7277, Ariz.) 


rothrocki; 


THE UNITED STATES 539 


EZ 
as 
Zs 
=e 
tA 
b= 
rs 
EZ 
Fs 
SA 
pe 
ps 
EA 


Lh, / 
pT py 
Sif Ly WM p ps 


Figure 783.—Bouteloua rothrockii. Panicle, 
spikelet, X 4. (Griffiths 7185, Ariz.) 


Kes 
spikelets 40 to 50, about 5 mm. long; 
fertile lemma pilose at base, deeply 
cleft, the awns (1 to 2 mm. long) 
spreading, the intermediate and lat- 
eral lobes fimbriate; rudiment densely 
bearded at summit of rachilla joint, 
cleft nearly to the base, the lobes 
broad and rounded, the awns mostly 
exceeding those of the fertile lemma; 
a second rudiment, broad and awn- 
less, usually developed. 2 
Mesas, canyons, and rocky hills, in 
open ground, or among brush, Ari- 
zona and southern California (Ja- 
macha), to northern Mexico. 

13. Bouteloua glanduldsa (Cer- 
vant.) Swallen. (Fig. 784.) Similar 
to B. hirsuta; lower part of the 
culms and the lower sheaths con- 
spicuously papillose-hirsute with as- 
cending or spreading hairs; blades 
flat, attenuate, 2 to 3 mm. wide, 
more or less ciliate or hairy toward 
the base; spikes 1 to 3, ascending to 
reflexed, the rachis prolonged beyond 
the spikelets as a prominent bristle, 


540 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


commonly 1 to 1.5 em. long; spikelets 
similar to those of B. hirsuta, but 
the awns of the rudiment somewhat 
longer, the spikes more bristly. 2 
B. hirticulmis Scribn.—Rocky hills, 
prairies, and open ground, Arizona 
(Santa Cruz County); Mexico. 


Figure 784.—Bouteloua glandulosa. Panicle, X 1. 
(Type of B. hirticulmis.) 


14. Bouteloua hirsita Lag. Harry 
GRAMA. (Fig. 785.) Perennial, densely 
tufted; culms erect, 20 to 60 cm. tall, 
leafy at base; blades flat or sub- 
involute, about 2 mm. wide, flexuous; 
spikes 1 to 4, usually 2, 2.5. to 3.5 
cm. long, the rachis extending beyond 
the spikelets as a slender point 5 to 
8 mm. long; spikelets 35 to 45, about 
5 mm. long, second glume tubercu- 
late-hirsute with spreading hairs, the 
tubercles black; fertile lemma 3-cleft, 
the divisions and margins of lemma 
pubescent, awn-tipped;rudiment from 
puberulent to bearded at summit of 
rachilla, cleft nearly to the base, the 
lobes firm, broad, spreading, the 
awns black. 2 —Plains and rocky 


hills, Wisconsin and North Dakota 
to Texas, Colorado, Arizona, and 
California (Jamacha), south through 
Mexico; also peninsular Florida. 
Bouteloua pectinata Featherly was 
differentiated from 8B. hirsuta by 
taller more robust culms and by a 
rudimentary spikelet at the end of 
the rachis. Such a spikelet is rarely 
developed in B. hirsuta, but it is not 
correlated with robust plants. 

15. Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) 
Lag. ex Steud. Blur Grama. (Fig. 
786.) Perennial; densely tufted; culms 
erect, 20 to 50 cm. tall, leafy at base; 
blades flat or loosely involute, 1 to 2 
mm. wide; spikes usually 2, sometimes 
1 or 3, rarely more, 2.5 to 5 cm. long, 
faleate-spreading at maturity, the 
rachis not projecting beyond the 
spikelets; spikelets numerous, as many 
as 80, about 5 mm. long; fertile 
lemma pilose, the awns slender, the 
intermediate lobes acute; rudiment 
densely bearded at summit. of 


Figure 785.—Bouteloua hirsuta. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Griffiths 3371, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


rachilla, cleft to the base, the lobes 
rounded, the awns slender, about 
equaling the tip of fertile lemma; 
one or two additional rudiments, 
broad and awnless, sometimes de- 
veloped. 2 (B. oligostachya Torr.) 
—Plains, Wisconsin to Manitoba and 


ayy 
WKY WW 
MMO tA 
Ni ce t SE 
AW y 
\ , 
2 RY | 
SN \\ ‘Hi | D 
Sy ii). M2 
XY hy i )! ti l) 
Y y, Wp 
Y Vy 
LY a My 


WW 
> Ny \\ :} 
J 


Fiaure 786.—Bouteloua gracilis. Plant, X 44; glumes and florets, X 5. (Amer. 


WS 


\ 


yz, perennial, 
g 


zs 


041 


Fiaure 787.—Bouteloua breviseta. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Nealley 669, Tex.) 


Alberta, south to Arkansas, Texas, 
and southern California; Mexico; 
introduced in a few places in the 
Eastern States. 

BouTELOUA GRACILIS var. STRICTA 
(Vasey) Hitche. Spikes 4 to 6, usual- 
ly ascending or appressed. 2 
Rare, Texas and Arizona. 

16. Bouteloua_ breviséta Vasey. 
(Fig. 787.) Perennial, wiry, the base 
woody, loosely tufted; 
culms branching, 25 to 40 cm. tall; 
blades 3 to 6 cm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. 
wide, flat or becoming involute, 
sharp-pointed; spikes mostly 2, some- 
times 1, rarely 3, 2 to 3-cm. long; 
spikelets 30 to 45, about 4 mm. 
long; fertile lemma pubescent, with 
3 awns and acuminate intermediate 


Gr. Natl. Herb. 384, Nev.) 


542 


Figure 788.—Boutelowa eriopoda. Plant, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Hitchcock 13357, Tex.) 


Figure 789.—Boutelowa trifida. Panicle, X 1; spike- 
let, X 5. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 669, Tex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


lobes; rudiment densely bearded at 
summit of rachilla joint, cleft nearly 
to the base, the rounded lobes ob- 
scured in the dense hairs. 2 (B. 
ramosa Scribn.)—Gypsum sands and 
calcareous rocks, western Texas, New 
Mexico, and northern Mexico. Re- 
sembling B. gracilis but with loose, 
woody base and wiry culms; rachis 
prolonged and bearing a rudimentary 
spikelet at the tip. 

17. Bouteloua’ eriopdda_ (Torr.) 
Torr. Buack GRaMA. (Fig. 788.) 
Perennial; culms tufted, with swollen 
bases, slender, wiry, widely spreading 
with arched internodes or stolonifer- 
ous, white-lanate, 40 to 60 cm. long; 
blades 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, flexuous; 
spikes 3 to 8, commonly 4 or 5, 
loosely ascending, 2 to 3 cm. long; 
spikelets 12 to 20, not crowded and 
pectinate, 7 to 10 mm. long, narrow; 
fertile lemma acuminate, with a 
terminal awn, the lateral minute or 
obsolete; rudiment slender, cleft near- 
ly to the base, the awns equaling the 
awn of the fertile lemma, the lobes 
minute, narrow. 2 —Mesas, hills, 
and dry open ground, Oklahoma and 
Texas to Colorado, Utah, southern 
California, and northern Mexico. 

18. Bouteloua trifida Thurb. (Fig. 
789.) Perennial, tufted, leafy at base, 
rather delicate; culms erect, 10 to 
20 cm. tall; blades usually only 1 to 
2 cm. long; spikes 3 to 7, 1 to 2 cm. 
long, ascending or appressed; spike- 
lets about 12, purplish, 7 to 10 mm. 
long; fertile lemma pubescent toward 
base, cleft more than half its length, 
with awns (5 mm. long) winged 
toward base and no intermediate 
lobes; rudiment cleft to the base, the 
awns similar to those of the fertile 
lemma, about as long Q (SB. 
trintt Griffiths; B. burkiz Scribn.)— 
Mesas, ravines, and rocky hills, 
Texas to Nevada and Arizona; Cali- 
fornia (Death Valley); northern Mex- 
ico. Variable in length of the awns, 
the type of SB. trifida being the 
longer awned form. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


543 


Fiaure 790.—Cathestecum erectum. Plant, X %; group of spikelets, central spikelet, and fertile floret, XX 5. 
(Palmer 161, Mex.) 


113. CATHESTECUM Presl 


Spikes consisting of 3 spikelets, the 
upper or central perfect, the 2 lateral 
staminate or rudimentary, the spike 
falling entire; central spikelet with 1 
perfect floret below and 1 or more 
reduced florets above; glumes un- 
equal, the first a short, thin, nerve- 
less scale in the central spikelet, nar- 


row and acuminate in the lateral 
spikelets, the second about as long 
as the lemma, acuminate, all usually 
villous; lemma 3-nerved, the nerves 
extending into awns and the inter- 
nerves into teeth; nerves of the palea 
extending into short awns; second 
and third floret with a fairly well 
developed lemma and palea, the 
fourth floret, if present, usually re- 


544 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


duced. Low tufted or stoloniferous 
annuals or perennials, with short 
blades, and several to many short 
deciduous spikes approximate on a 
slender flexuous axis. Type species, 
Cathestecum prostratum Presl. Name 
from Greek kathestekos, set fast, sta- 
tionary, the application not obvious. 

1. Cathestecum eréctum Vasey and 
Hack. (Fig. 790.) Perennial with 
wiry stolons having arched inter- 
nodes and hairy nodes; culms slender, 
10 to 30 cm. tall; blades flat, about 
1 mm. wide, mostly basal; spikes 4 
to 8, ovoid, about 5 mm. long; 
lateral spikelets about two-thirds as 
long as the central spikelet; lemmas 
of all spikelets similar, the sterile 
ones more deeply lobed; awns from 
about as long as the lobes to twice 
as long, hairy at base. 21 —Dry 
hills, western Texas, southern Ari- 


zona, and northern Mexico. 


114. MUNROA Torr. 


Spikelets in pairs or threes on a 
short rachis, the lower 1 or 2 larger, 
3- or 4-flowered, the upper 2- or 3- 
flowered, the group (reduced spikes) 
enclosed in the broad sheaths of 
short leaves, usually about 3 in a 
fascicle, forming a cluster or head at 
the ends of the branches; rachilla 
disarticulating above the glumes and 
between the florets; glumes of the 
lower 1 or 2 spikelets equal, 1-nerved, 
narrow, acute, a little shorter than 
the lemmas, those of the upper 
spikelet unequal, the first much 
shorter or obsolete; lemmas 3-nerved, 
those of the lower spikelet coriaceous, 
acuminate, the points spreading, the 
midnerve extended into a mucro, 
those of the upper spikelet mem- 


INS 


So 
me 


Figure 791.—Munroa squarrosa. Plant, X 1%; group of spikelets, spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Zuck 43, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


branaceous; palea narrow, enclosing 
the oval, dorsally compressed cary- 
opsis. Low-spreading, much-branched 
annual, the short, flat, pungent leaves 
in fascicles. Type species, Munroa 
squarrosa. Named for William Munro. 

1. Munroa squarrésa (Nutt.) Torr. 
FALSE BUFFALO GRASS. (Fig. 791.) 
Forming mats as much as 50 cm. in 
diameter, the internodes of the pros- 
trate culms scabrous, as much as 10 
em. long, the fascicles at the nodes 
consisting of several short leafy 
branches, with 1 or 2 longer branches 
with slender internodes; blades stiff, 
mostly less than 3 cm. long, | to 3 
mm. wide; fascicles of spikelets about 
7 mm. long; lemmas with a tuft of 
hairs on the margin about the middle. 
© —Open ground, plains, and hills, 
at medium altitudes, common in old 
fields and recently disturbed soil, 
Alberta and North Dakota to Mon- 
tana, south to Texas, Arizona, and 
Nevada. Occasional plants are found 
with a white floccose covering, the 
remains of egg cases of a species of 
woolly aphid. The variety jloccuosa 
Vasey was described from such a 
specimen. 


115. BUCHLOE Engelm. 
(Bulbilis Raf.) 

Plants dioecious or monoecious. 
Staminate spikelets 2-flowered, sessile 
and closely imbricate, in 2 rows on 
one side of a slender rachis, forming 
a short spike; glumes somewhat un- 
equal, rather broad, l-nerved, acut- 
ish; lemmas longer than the glumes, 
d-nerved, rather obtuse, whitish; 
palea as long as its lemma. Pistillate 
spikelets mostly 4 or 5 in a short 
spike or head, this falling entire, 
usually 2 heads to the inflorescence, 
the common peduncle short and in- 
cluded in the somewhat inflated 
sheaths of the upper leaves, the 
thickened indurate rachis and broad 
outer (second) glumes forming a rigid 
white obliquely globular structure 
crowned by the green-toothed sum- 
mits of the glumes; first glume 
(inside) narrow, thin, mucronate, well 


545 


developed to obsolete in a single 
head; second glume firm, thick and 
rigid, rounded on the back, ob- 
scurely nerved, expanded in the 
middle, with inflexed margins, en- 
veloping the floret, abruptly contract- 
ed above, the summit with 3 green 
rigid acuminate lobes; lemma, firm- 
membranaceous, 3-nerved, dorsally 
compressed, broad below, narrowed 
into a 3-lobed green summit, the 
middle lobe much the larger; palea 
broad, obtuse, about as long as the 
body of the lemma, enveloping the 
caryopsis. A low stoloniferous peren- 
nial with short curly blades, the 
staminate flowers in 2 or 3. short 
spikes on slender, erect culms, the 
pistillate in sessile heads partly 
hidden among the leaves. Type 
species, Buchloé dactyloides. Name 
contracted from Greek boubalos, 
buffalo, and chloé, grass, a Greek 


rendering of the common name, 
‘buffalo grass.” 
I. Buchleé dactyloides (Nutt.) 


Engelm. Burrato grass. (Fig. 792.) 
Gray green, forming a dense sod, the 
curly blades forming a covering 5 to 
10 cm. thick; blades rather sparsely 
pilose, 1 to 2 mm. wide; staminate 
culms slender, 5 to 20 cm. tall, the 
spikes 5 to 15 mm. long; pistillate 
heads 3. to 4 mm. thick. .Q@ — 
Dry plains, western Minnesota to 
central Montana, south to north- 
western Iowa, Texas, western Louis- 
1ana, Arizona, and northern Mexico. 
Buffalo grass forms, when unmixed 
with other species, a close soft gray- 
ish-green turf. It 1s dominant over 
large areas on the uplands of the 
Great Plains, colloquially known as 
the “short-grass country,”’ and is one 
of the most important grazing grasses 
of this region. The foliage cures on 
the ground and furnishes nutritious 
feed during the winter. The sod 
houses of the early settlers were 
made mostly from the sod of this 
grass. In 1941 it was planted at 
Boyce Thompson Institute, Yonkers, 
N. Y., and is proving to be an ex- 
cellent cover for exposed dry banks. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


546 


— = SSS 


SSK 


4 


pistillate spike and floret, X 5; 


x; 


Pistillate and staminate plants, 


Figure 792.—Buchloé dactyloides. 


staminate spikelet, X 5. (Ruth 156, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 047 


TRIBE 8. PHALARIDEAE 
116. HIEROCHLOE R. Br. 


(Savastana Schrank; Torresia Ruiz and Pav.) 


Spikelets with 1 terminal perfect floret and 2 staminate florets, disarticu- 
lating above the glumes, the staminate florets falling attached to the fertile 
one; glumes equal, 3-nerved, broad, thin and papery, smooth, acute; staminate 
lemmas about as long as the glumes, boat-shaped, hispidulous, hairy along the 
margin; fertile lemma somewhat indurate, about as long as the others, smooth 
or nearly so, awnless; palea 3-nerved, rounded on the back. Perennial, erect, 
slender, sweet-smelling grasses, with small panicles of broad, bronze-colored 
spikelets. Type species, Hvzerochloé antarctica (Labill.) R. Br. Name from 
Greek hieros, sacred, and chloé, grass, holy grass; H. odorata was used in parts 
of Europe for “‘strewing before the doors of churches on festival days.” 


Flowering culms with short blades only (rarely to 10 cm. long) with few to many long-leaved 
sterile shoots at base. 


Staminate lemmas bearing exserted awns................2220..2222220022-0seeeeceeeeeeeeeee 1. EAL PENA 
Staminate lemmas awnless or nearly so0..................2.-2-----1e.---20--eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 2. H. oporata. 
Flowering culms with blades 25 to 50 cm. long.._..._. 0.2.2.2 3. H. ocCIDENTALIS. 


1. Hierochioé alpina (Swartz) 


Roem. and Schult. (Fig. 793.) Culms 
10 to 40 em. tall, tufted, with leafy 
shoots at base and short rhizomes; 
blades 1 to 2 mm. wide, the basal 
ones elongate, those of the culm 
shorter and wider; panicle contracted, 
3 to 4 em. long; spikelets short- 
pediceled, 6 to 8 mm. long; staminate 
lemmas ciliate on the margin, awned 
below the tip, the awn of the second 
lemma 5 to 8 mm. long, bent, twisted 
below, that of the first a little shorter, 
straight; fertile lemma acute, ap- 
pressed-pubescent toward apex. 2 
—Arctic regions, Greenland to Alas- 
ka, south to Newfoundland and 
Quebec; alpine meadows and rocky 
slopes, high mountains, Maine, New 
Hampshire, Vermont, New York, 
and Montana; Europe. 

2. Hierochloé odorata (L.) Beauv. 
SWEETGRASS. (Fig. 794.) Culms 30 
to 60 em. tall, with few to several 
leafy shoots and slender, creeping 
rhizomes; blades 2 to 5 mm. wide, 
sometimes wider, those of the sterile 
shoots elongate, those of the culm 
mostly less than 5 cm. long, rarely 
to 10 cm. long; panicle pyramidal, 
4 to 12 cm. long, from somewhat 
compact to loose with slender droop- 
ing branches; spikelets mostly short- 
pediceled, 5 mm. long; staminate 


Ficure 793.—Hierochloé alpina. Plant, X 1; spikelet 
and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 16058, N. H.) 


lemmas awnless or nearly so, fertile 
lemma pubescent toward the apex. 
2 —Meadows, bogs, and moist 
places, Labrador to Alaska, south to 
New Jersey, Indiana, lowa, Oregon, 
and in the mountains to New Mexico 
and Arizona; Eurasia. The Indians 
use the grass, known as Seneca grass, 
to make fragrant baskets. Also called 
holy grass and vanilla grass. A tall 
form with culm blades 12 to 17 cm. 
long, and a very loose lax panicle, 


548 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 795.—Hierochloé occidentalis. Plant, X 1; 
spikelet and fertile floret, X 5. (Bolander, Calif.) 


Culms 60 to 90 em. tall, with long 
leaves and creeping rhizomes; sheaths 
scabrous; blades flat, rather stiffly 
upright, 25 to 50 cm.. long, 8 to 15 
mm. wide, narrowed to the base, 
acuminate, scabrous beneath; panicle 


Figure 794.—Hierochloé odorata. Plant, X %; spikelet, florets, and fertile floret, X 5. (Shear 437, Mont.) 


found in Van Cortlandt Park, New 
York City, has been described as 
Hierochloé nashit Kaczmarek (Savas- 
tana nashit Bickn.). 

3. Hierochloé occidentalis Buck. 
CALIFORNIA SWEETGRASS. (Fig. 795.) 


mostly open, 7 to 15 em. long, the 
subcapillary branches drooping, loose- 
ly flowered or the spikelets aggregate 
toward the ends, the lower branches 
2.5 to 7 em. long; spikelets 4 to 5 
mm. long, the glumes with a pale 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 549 


(H. macrophylla Thurb.)— 
Forests in the redwood belt, Oregon 
to Monterey, Calif.; Bingen, Wash. 


shining margin; staminate lemmas 2 
awnless or nearly so; fertile lemma 
appressed-pubescent toward apex. 


117. ANTHOXANTHUM L. VeErNauarass 


Spikelets with 1 terminal perfect floret and 2 sterile lemmas, the rachilla dis- 
articulating above the glumes, the sterile lemmas falling attached to the fertile 
floret; glumes unequal, acute or mucronate; sterile lemmas shorter than the 
glumes, empty, awned from the back; fertile lemma shorter than the sterile 
ones, awnless; palea 1-nerved, rounded on the back, enclosed in the lemma. 
Sweet-smelling annuals or perennials, with flat blades and spikelike panicles, 
Type species, Anthoxanthum odoratum. Name from Greek anthos, flower, and 


xanthos, yellow, alluding to the yellow infiorescence. 


plants perenmialesse iss Ay 
ela nbstmnale esse ss cul. he eal 


1. Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 
SWEET VERNALGRASS. (Fig. 796, A.) 
Culms tufted, erect, slender, 30 to 60 
cm. tall, rarely to 1 m. tall; blades 2 
to 5 mm. wide; panicle long-exserted, 
brownish yellow, acute, 2 to 6 cm. 
long; spikelets 8 to 10 mm. long; 


~ glumes scabrous, the first about half 


as long as the second; sterile lemmas 
subequal, appressed-pilose = with 
golden hairs, the first short-awned 
below the apex, the second awned 
from near the base, the awn twisted 
below, geniculate, slightly exceeding 
the second glume; fertile lemma about 
2mm. long, brown, smooth and shin- 
ing. 2 —Meadows, pastures, and 
waste places, Greenland and New- 
foundland to Louisiana and Michi- 
gan, and on the Pacific coast from 
British Columbia to California; in- 
troduced from Eurasia. Sometimes 
included in meadow mixtures to give 
fragrance to the hay, but the grass 
has little forage value. 

2. Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss. 
(Fig. 796, 8.) Differing from A. 
odoratum in being annual, the culms 
lower, often geniculate and bushy 
branching; panicles looser; spikelets a 
little smaller. © —Waste places in 
several localities from Maine to 
Iowa; West Virginia; North Carolina; 
Florida; Mississippi and Arkansas; 
Vancouver Island to California; in- 
troduced from Europe. 


SPW RS Re SA Be) She Ae EE, 1. A. ODORATUM. 
LMS SASS SPR RANT PER ot Be OE a 2. A. ARISTATUM. 


ANTHOXANTHUM GRACILE Bivon. Tufted 
annual; culms 20 cm. tall; blades pubescent; 
panicle silvery; spikelets about 12 mm. long, 
conspicuously awned. © —Occasionally 
cultivated for dry bouquets. Italy. 


EHRHARTA Thunb. 


Spikelets laterally compressed with 
1 fertile floret and 2 large sterile 
lemmas below enclosing the fertile 
floret; rachilla disarticulating above 
the glumes, the fertile floret and ster- 
ile lemmas falling together; glumes 
ovate, rather obscurely keeled; sterile 
lemmas indurate, compressed, 3- to 
5-nerved; fertile lemma indurate, 
ovate, 5-nerved, obtuse. Erect or de- 
cumbent spreading annuals or per- 
ennials with flat blades and narrow 
panicles. Type species, Ehrharta ca- 
pensis Thunb. Named for Friedrich 
Ehrhart. 

Ehrharta erécta Lam. Culms erect 
or ascending from a decumbent base, 
branching, mostly 30 to 50 cm. tall; 
blades 5 to 12 em. long, 4 to 9 mm. 
wide; panicles 6 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches narrowly ascending or some- 
times spreading; spikelets 3 to 3.5 
mm. long; sterile lemmas awnless, the 
first smooth, the second  cross- 
wrinkled. 2 —Escaped, Berkeley, 
Calif. Introduced from South Africa. 
Shows considerable competitive abil- 
ity and may become of value in re- 


590 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cS 


ie 


y, AO Seas 
A ALU TIONS. 
aks i i RY 
\ ? 
y | ASA 


Figure 796.—A, Anthoxanthum odoratum. Plant, X 14; spikelet, sterile lemmas, and fertile floret, eos (Bilt 
more Herb. 74b, N. C.) B, A. aristatum. Spikelet, sterile florets, and fertile floret, X 5, (White 1591, N. Y.) 


551 


plish; glumes nearly as long as the lemmas; 
sterile lemmas thinly silky-villous; fertile 
lemma silky on the nerves. 2% —Grown 
at Davis, Calif., as a promising drought- 
resistant grass for nonirrigated range lands. 
Introduced; South Africa. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


placing some of the troublesome 
weeds. 


EHRHARTA CALYCINA J. E. Smith. Erect 
leafy perennial to 75 cm. tall; panicle 10 to 
15 cm. long, branchlets and pedicels sub- 
capillary; spikelets 7 to 8 mm. long, pur- 


118. PHALARIS L. Canary Grass 


Spikelets laterally compressed, with 1 terminal perfect floret and 2 sterile 
lemmas below (obsolete in Phalaris paradowa), the rachilla disarticulating 
above the glumes, the usually inconspicuous sterile lemmas falling closely 
appressed to the fertile floret; glumes equal, boat-shaped, often winged on the 
keel; sterile lemmas reduced to 2 small, usually minute, scales (rarely only 1); 
fertile lemma coriaceous, shorter than the glumes, enclosing the faintly 2- 
nerved palea. Annuals or perennials, with numerous flat blades, and narrow 
or spikelike panicles. Type species, Phalaris canariensis. Phalaris, an old 


Greek name for a grass. 


Spikelets in groups of 7, 1 fertile surrounded by 6 sterile, the group falling entire. 
1. 


Spikelets all alike, not in groups falling entire. 


Plants perennial. 


P. PARADOXA,. 


Rhizomes wanting; panicle dense, ovate or oblong............ pie ele 8. P. CALIFORNICA. 
Rhizomes present; panicle narrow, spreading during anthesis.... 9. P. ARUNDINACEA. 


Plants annual. 


Glumes broadly winged; panicle ovate or short-oblong. 
Sterile lemma solitary; fertile lemma 3 mm. long....................--------0----+ 4, P. MINOR. 
Sterile lemmas 2, fertile lemma 4 to 6 mm. long. 


Sterile lemmas 0.6 mm. long or less 
Sterile lemmas half as long as fertile 


aap att a aie PD Mag 3. P. BRACHYSTACHYS. 
wee Nea i ee A Mee 2. P. CANARIENSIS. 


Glumes wingless or nearly so; panicles oblong or linear, dense. 
Glumes wingless, acuminate; fertile lemma turgid, the acuminate apex smooth. 


P. LEMMONI. 


ide 
Glumes narrowly winged toward summit, acute or abruptly pointed; fertile lemma 
less turgid, villous to the acute apex. ; 
Panicle tapering to each end, mostly 2 to 6 cm. long (occasionally longer). 


P. CAROLINIANA. 


Panicle subcylindric, mostly 6 to 15 cm. long (occasionally smaller). 


1. Phalaris paradéxa L. (Fig. 797.) 
Annual, tufted, more or less spreading 
at base; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; pan- 
icle dense, oblong, narrowed at base, 
2 to 6 cm. long, often enclosed at base 
in the uppermost enlarged sheath; 
spikelets finally falling from the axis 
in groups of 6 or 7, those of the upper 
part of the panicle slender-pediceled, 
the central spikelet fertile, the sub- 
ulate-acuminate glumes with a promi- 
nent toothlike wing near the middle 
of the keel, the others sterile, with 
smaller pointed glumes with toothed- 
winged keels; fertile lemma 3 mm. 
long, with only a few hairs toward the 
summit, the sterile lemmas obsolete; 


6. P. ANGUSTA. 


spikelets of lower part of panicle 
short-pediceled, the glumes of the 
outer 4 spikelets deformed, cuneate- 
clavate. © —Occasional in grain- 
fields and waste places, California 
and Arizona; ballast, Philadelphia, 
New Orleans; introduced from Medi- 
terranean region. 

PHALARIS PARADOXA var. PRAE- 
MORSA (Lam.) Coss. and Dur. Pan- 
icle mostly smaller, all the spikelets 
short-pediceled and with outer sterile 
spikelets having deformed clavate 
glumes, as in the lower part of panicle 
of the species; glumes of all spikelets 
subindurate. © —Fields and waste 


552 


Arizona; ballast, Philadelphia; intro- 
duced from Mediterranean region. 
2. Phalaris canariénsis L. CANARY 


crass. (Fig. 798.) Annual; culms 
erect, 30 to 60 cm. tall; panicle ovate 
to oblong-ovate, dense, 1.5 to 4 cm. 
long; spikelets broad, imbricate, pale 
with green stripes; glumes 7 to 8 mm. 
long, abruptly pointed, the green keel 
with a prominent pale wing, broad- 
ened upward; fertile lemma 5 to 6 
mm. long, acute, densely appressed- 
pubescent; sterile lemmas at least 
half as long as fertile. © —Waste 
places, infrequent, Nova Scotia to 
Alaska, south to Virginia, Kansas, 
Wyoming, Arizona, and California, 
and occasionally southward; intro- 
duced from the western Mediterra- 
nean region. This species furnishes 
the canary seed of commerce. 

3. Phalaris brachystachys Link. 
(Fig. 799.) Differing from P. canari- 
ensis in having smaller spikelets, the 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


\ 


Fieure 797.— Phalaris 
paradoxa. Plant, X 1; 
sterile (A) and fertile 
(B) spikelets, xX 5. 
(Heller 11391, Calif.) 


glumes about 6 mm. long, the fertile 
lemma 4 to 5 mm. long, and especially 
in the short sterile lemmas not more 
than 0.6 mm. long. © —Texas 
(Asherton); California (Butte Coun- 
ty); Oregon (ballast, near Portland); 
introduced from the Mediterranean 
region. 

4, Phalaris minor Retz. (Fig. 800.) 
Resembling P. canariensis; panicle 
ovate-oblong, 2 to 5 em. long; spike- 
lets narrower, not so conspicuously 
striped; glumes 4 to 6 mm. long, the 
wing of the keel narrower; fertile 
lemma lance-ovate, about 3 mm. long, 
acute; sterile lemma solitary, about 1 
mm. long. © —Fields and waste 
places, New Brunswick to New Jer- 
sey, rare; Louisiana and Texas; Col- 
orado; ballast, near Portland, Oreg.; 
Arizona; frequent in California; Mex- 
ico; introduced from the Mediterra- 
nean region. 

5. Phalaris caroliniana Walt. (Fig. 
801.) Annual; culms erect, 30 to 60 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 559d 


Fieure 798.—Phalaris canariensis. Plant, X 4; 


spikelet and floret, X 5. (Mearns 3376, Wyo.) 


em. tall or even more; panicle oblong, 
2 to 6 cm. long, occasionally longer, 
tapering to each end; glumes 5 to 6 
mm. long, oblong, rather abruptly 
narrowed to an acute apex, the keel 
scabrous and narrowly winged above 


from below the middle; fertile lemma 
lanceolate, acute, appressed-pubes- 
cent, about 3.5 to 4 mm. long, the 
sterile lemmas one-third to half as 
long. © —Old fields, sandy soil, 
and moist places, Virginia to Col- 
orado, south to Florida and Texas, 
west to Arizona, California, and Ore- 


Figure 799.—Phalaris brachystachys. Spikelet and 
floret, X 5. (Suksdorf 1904, Oreg.) 


Figure 800.—Phalaris minor. Plant, X 1; glumes and 
floret, X 5. (Ball 1932, Calif.) 


gon. A few specimens from the Pacific 


coast are relatively robust, up to 80 
em. tall, with panicles 3 to 8 em. long, 


Figure 801.—Phalaris caroliniano. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 1074, Miss.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


some of them slightly lobed and not 
tapering to the base, the spikelets 6 
to 6.5 mm. long. 

6. Phalaris angiista Nees ex Trin. 
(Fig. 802.) Annual; culms 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall; panicle subcylindric, mostly 6 to 
15 cm. long, about 8 mm. thick; 
glumes 3.5 to 4 mm. long, narrow, 
abruptly pointed, the keel scabrous 
and narrowly winged toward the sum- 
mit; fertile lemma ovate-lanceolate, 
acute, appressed-pubescent, 3 mm. 
long; sterile lemmas about one-third 
as long. © —Open ground at low 
altitudes, Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
Texas; Arizona and California; south- 
ern South America. 


Ficure 802.—Phalaris angusta. Plant, X 1; glumes 
and floret, X 5. (Suksdorf 32, Calif.) 


7. Phalaris lemmoni Vasey. (Fig. 
803.) Annual; culms 30 to 90 em. tall; 
panicle 5 to 15 em. long, subcylindric 
or lobed toward base, often purplish; 
glumes about 5 mm. long, narrow, 
acuminate, scabrous, not winged on 
the keel; fertile lemma ovate-lanceo- 
late, acuminate, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 
brown at maturity, appressed-pubes- 
cent, except the acuminate tip, sterile 
lemmas (1 or 2) less than one-third 
as long. © —WMboist places, at low 
altitudes, in the coastal valleys, cen- 
tral and southern California. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 900 


8. Phalaris californica Hook. and 
Arn. (Fig. 804.) Perennial, often in 
dense tussocks; culms erect, 75 to 160 
em. tall; blades rather lax, 8 to 15 
mm. wide; panicle ovoid or oblong, 2 
to 5 em. long, 2 to 2.5 em. thick, often 
purplish-tinged; glumes 6 to 8 mm. 
long, narrow, tapering from below the 
middle to an acute apex, the keel 
smooth or nearly so, sharp but not 
winged; fertile lemma ovate-lanceo- 
late, about 4 mm. long, rather 


sparsely appressed-pubescent, the 
palea often exposed, the sterile lem- 
mas half to two-thirds as long. 
—Ravines and open moist ground in 


5. (Type. 


Figure 804.—Phalaris californica. Plant, X 1; spike- 


let and floret, X 5. (Heller 6677, Calif.) 


Mh NWR if 
\ \ Wy S MW 
N 1 ( VY 


=a 
— SSRs : 
<5 
== > 3 = 


oy WW p Se Lb “OEE 
NY) We ZA 
\\": Aa 


ee 
y : : 
WAZ 


i 


NIN, 


Fieure 805.—Phalaris arundinacea. Plant, X 1; 
glumes and floret, X 4. (Chase 7583, Md.) 


Fiaurer 806.—Phalaris tuberosa var. stenoptera, X 5. 
(McCrary, N. C.) 


the Coast Range, southwestern Ore- 
gon to San Luis Obispo County, 
Calif. 

9. Phalaris arundinacea L. Rexp 
CANARY GRASS. (Fig. 805.) Perennial, 
with creeping rhizomes, glaucous; 
culms erect, 60 to 150 cm. tall; pan- 
icle 7 to 18 cm. long, narrow, the 
branches spreading during anthesis, 
the lower as much as 5 em. long; 
glumes about 5 mm. long, narrow, 
acute, the keel scabrous, very nar- 
rowly winged; fertile lemma lanceo- 
late, 4mm. long, with a few appressed 


556 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


hairs; sterile lemmas villous, 1 mm. 
long. 2 —Marshes, river banks, 
and moist places, New Brunswick to 
southeastern Alaska (also at Tanana 
Hot Springs, Alaska), south to North 
Carolina, Kentucky, Oklahoma, New 
Mexico, Arizona, and northeastern 
California; Eurasia. An important 
constituent of lowland hay from Mon- 
tana to Wisconsin. PHALARIS ARUNDI- 
NACEA var. PicTA L. RIBBON GRASS. 
Blades striped with white 2 — 
Grown for ornament in gardens; also 
called gardener’s garters. 

PHALARIS TUBEROSA var. STEN- 
OpTERA (Hack.) Hitche. (Fig. 806.) 
Perennial, with a loose branching, 
rhizomatous base; culms stout, as 
much as 1.5 m. tall; panicle 5 to 15 
cm. long, 1.5 cm. wide, slightly 
lobed; glumes 5 to 6 mm. long, the 
keel scabrous, rather narrowly winged 
on the upper two-thirds; fertile lem- 
ma 4 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, 
acute, appressed-pubescent; sterile 
lemma usually solitary, about one- 
third as long as fertile lemma. 2 
—About 1902 there appeared in 
Queensland, Australia, the source un- 
known, a species of Phalaris which 
gave promise of being a valuable 
forage grass. About 1907 it was dis- 
tributed from the Toowoomba Bo- 
tanic Gardens, Queensland. Stapf, 
of Kew Gardens, identified this grass 
as P. bulbosa L. Hackel described it 
as a distinct species, P. stenoptera. 
It has been grown at the California 
Experiment Station from seed from 
South Africa. It has also been culti- 
vated in Oregon, in Washington, 
D. C., and in North Carolina, and is 
spontaneous in Humboldt County, 
Calif. This differs from typical P. 
tuberosa of the Mediterranean region 
in having short vertical or ascending, 
sometimes branching, rhizomes, the 
base of the culms little or not at all 
swollen. It has been called Harding 
grass. Burbank distributed it as P. 
stenophylla(error for stenoptera), calling 
it Peruvian wintergrass. The name 
P. bulbosa has been misapplied to P. 


tuberosa L., but true P. bulbosa L. 
is a species of Phleum (P. tenue 
Schrad.; P. bulbosum (L.) Richt.). 


TRIBE 9. ORYZEAE 
119. ORYZA L. Rice 


Spikelets 1-flowered, laterally com- 
pressed, disarticulating below the 
glumes; glumes 2, much shorter than 
the lemma, narrow; lemma rigid, 
keeled, 5-nerved, the outer nerves 
near the margin, the apex sometimes 
awned; palea similar to the lemma, 
narrower, keeled, with a median 
bundle but with no strong midnerve 
on the back, 2-nerved close to the 
margins. Annual or sometimes peren- 
nial swamp grasses, often tall, with 
flat blades and spikelets in open 
panicles. Type species, Oryza sativa. 
Name from oruza, old Greek name 
for rice. The spikelet in Oryza and 
Leersia is interpreted by Stapf, Arber, 
and some others as consisting of 2 
greatly reduced glumes and 2 subulate 
sterile lemmas below the single fertile 
floret. The true glumes, according to 
this interpretation, are represented by 
the minute cuplike expansion, some- 
times distinctly 2-lobed, at the sum- 
mit of the pedicel, persistent and 
showing no line of demarcation from 
the pedicel, the articulation of the 
spikelet being below the sterile lem- 
mas, the latter wanting in Leersia. 
The problem deserves further study. 

1. Oryza sativa L. Rice. (Fig. 
807.) Annual, or in tropical regions 
sometimes perennial; culms erect, 1 
to 2 m. tall; blades elongate; panicle 
rather dense, drooping, 15 to 40 cm. 
long; spikelets 7 to 10 mm. long, 3 
to 4 mm. wide; lemma and palea 
papillose-roughened and with scat- 
tered appressed hairs, the lemma 
from mucronate to long-awned. © 
—Cultivated in all warm countries 
at low altitudes where there is suf- 
ficient moisture; one of the world’s 
most important food plants; some- 
times adventive near the coast from 
Virginia to Florida and Texas. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 557 


Figure 807.—Oryza sativa. Plant, X 14; spikelet, X 5. (Cult.) 


558 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 58. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


120. LEERSIA Swartz 
(Homalocenchrus Mieg.) 


Spikelets 1-flowered, strongly compressed laterally, disarticulating from 
the pedicel; glumes wanting; lemma chartaceous, broad, oblong to oval, 
boat-shaped, usually 5-nerved, the lateral pair of nerves close to the margins, 
these and the keel often hispid-ciliate, the intermediate nerves sometimes 
faint; palea as long as the lemma, much narrower, usually 3-nerved, the keel 
usually hispid-ciliate, the lateral nerves close to the margins, the margins 
firmly held by the margins of the lemma; stamens 6 or fewer. Perennials, 
usually with creeping rhizomes, flat, scabrous blades, and mostly open panicles. 
Type species, Leersia oryzoides. Named for J. D. Leers. 


Spikelets broadly oval, 3 to 4 mm. Wide................--.-.---0---2sceseseceeeoeetonee 1. L. LENTICULARIS. 
Spikelets elliptic, not more than 2 mm. wide. 
Panicle narrow, the branches ascending or appressed....-_.....---.-.--.-------- 4, LL. HEXANDRA. 


Panicle open, the capillary branches finally spreading. 
Spikelets glabrous, about 2 mm. long; culms tufted, erect; rhizomes wanting. 


~ 


5. L. MONANDRA. 


Spikelets hispidulous; culms decumbent at base; rhizomes present. 
Lower panicle branches solitary; spikelets 8 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. 
3. L. VIRGINICA. 
Lower panicle branches fascicled; spikelets 5 mm. long, 1.5 to 2 mm. wide. 
L. ORYZOIDES. 


1. Leersia lenticularis Michx. 
CATCHFLY GRAss. (Fig. 808.) Culms 
straggling, 1 to 1.5 m. tall, with 
creeping scaly rhizomes; sheaths sca- 
brous at least toward the summit; 
blades lax, 1 to 2 em. wide; panicle 
open, drooping, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
the branches ascending or spreading, 
naked below, branched above, branch- 
lets bearing closely imbricate spike- 
lets along one side; spikelets pale, 
broadly oval, very flat, 4 to 5 mm. 
long, sparsely hispidulous, the keels 
bristly ciliate. 2 —Ditches and 
swamps, Maryland to Minnesota, 
south to Florida and Texas. 

2. Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz. 
Rice cuterass. (Fig. 809.) Culms 
slender, weak, often decumbent at 
base, 1 to 1.5 m. tall, with slender 
creeping rhizomes; sheaths and blades 
strongly retrorsely scabrous, the 
blades mostly 8 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicles terminal and axillary, 10 to 
20 cm. long, the flexuous branches 
finally spreading, the spikelets more 
loosely imbricate than in L. lenti- 
cularis; spikelets elliptic, 5 mm. long, 
1.5 to 2 mm. wide, sparsely hispidu- 
lous, the keels bristly ciliate; axillary 
panicles reduced, partly included in 
the sheaths, the spikelets cleistog- 


| , YY yf VEE 


Ficure 808.—Leersia lenticularis, X 1. (McDonald 
68, Ill.) 


amous. 21 —Marshes, river banks, 
and wet places, often forming a zone 
around ponds and lakes, Quebee and 
Maine to British Columbia and east- 
ern Washington south to northern 
Florida, Texas, Colorado, Arizona, 
and southeastern California; Europe. 
The late cleistogamous phase has 
been described as L. oryzoides forma 
inclusa (Wiesb.) Dorfl. 

3. Leersia virginica Willd. WHITE- 
Grass. (Fig. 810.) Culms slender, 


909 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 809.—Leersia oryzoides. Plant, X 1%; spikelet, X 5. (Hitchcock 5317, Tex.) 


560 


FiagureE 810.—Leersia virginica, X 1. (French, Iowa.) 


weak, branching, 50 to 120 cm. tall, 
with clusters of very scaly rhizomes 
much stouter than the culm base; 
blades relatively short, 6 to 12 mm. 
wide; panicle open, 10 to 20 cm. long, 
the capillary branches rather distant, 


Fea 
i 
S552 
LSS 
SS <= 
SS 


== 
SS 


wh 


\\ 
\ 
\ 


> ZB 
————— 


WSS 


FiGurE 811.—Leersia hexandra, X 1. (Wurzlow, La.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


stiffly spreading, naked below, those 
of the branches smaller, sometimes 
included in the sheath; spikelets ob- 
long, closely appressed to the branch- 
lets, about 3 mm. long and 1 mm. 
wide, sparsely hispidulous, the keels 
short-hispid. 21 —Low woods and 
moist places, Quebec to South Da- 
kota, south to Florida and Texas. 

4. Leersia hexandra Swartz. (Fig. 
811.) Culms slender, weak, usually 
long-decumbent from a creeping and 
rooting base, with slender rhizomes 
and extensively creeping leafy stolons; 
the flowering culms upright; blades 
rather stiff, 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicle 


A 


Ficure 812.—Leersia monandra, X 1. (Nealley, Tex.) 


narrow, 5 to 10 cm. long, the branches 
ascending or appressed, floriferous 
nearly to the base; spikelets oblong, 
about 4 to 5 mm. long, a little more 
than 1 mm. wide, often purplish, 
sparsely hispidulous, the keels bristly 
ciliate. 21 —Shallow water, ditches, 
and wet places near the coast, Vir- 
ginia to Florida and Texas; widely 
distributed in the tropics of both 
hemispheres. 

5. Leersia monandra Swartz. (Fig. 
812.) Culms tufted, erect, wiry, 50 
to 100 cm. tall, without rhizomes; 
sheaths smooth or nearly so; blades 
elongate, 1 to 5 mm. wide; panicle 
open, the capillary solitary branches 
spreading, naked below, the small 
spikelets near the ends; spikelets 
pale, broadly ovate, glabrous, about 


! 


o61 


Florida, and southern Texas; West 
Indies. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


2 mm. long 2 Rocky woods 
and prairies, Florida Keys, southern 


TRIBE 10. ZIZANIEAE 
121. ZIZANIA L. Witprice 


Spikelets unisexual, 1-flowered, disarticulating from the pedicel; glumes 
obsolete, represented by a small collarlike ridge; pistillate spikelet terete, 
angled at maturity; lemma chartaceous, 3-nerved, tapering into a long slender 
awn; palea 2-nerved, closely clasped by the lemma; grain cylindric, 1 to 2 
cm. long; staminate spikelet soft; lemma 5-nerved, membranaceous, linear, 
acuminate or awn-pointed; palea about as long as the lemma, 3-nerved; sta- 
mens 6. Tall aquatic annuals or perennials, with flat blades and large terminal 
panicles, the lower branches ascending or spreading, bearing the pendulous 
staminate spikelets, the upper branches ascending, at maturity erect, bearing 
appressed pistillate spikelets, the staminate spikelets early deciduous, the 
pistillate spikelets tardily deciduous. Type species, Zizania aquatica. Name 
from Zizanion, an old Greek name for a weed growing in grain, the tares of the 
Scripture parable. 

The seeds of wildrice were used by the aborigines for food and are still 
used to some extent by some of the northern tribes of Indians. Wildrice is 
important as a food and as shelter for waterfowl and is sometimes planted for 
this purpose in marshes on game preserves. The Chinese cultivate the Asiatic 
species, Z. latifolia (Griseb.) Turcz., as the source of a vegetable which they 
call kau sun. This consists of a thickened portion of the base of the culm, 
the point of incipient fruiting of a smut fungus, Usézlago edulis. 


Relat sya aiitia PVerie Cima eats vaca sd od cern Buta, 8 OE le pe 1. Z. AQUATICA. 
Plants perennial, long-decumbent at base..............-.-..2---.222---oeeeoe eee ie ee 2. Z. TEXANA. 


1. Zizania aquatica L. ANNUAL 
WILDRICE. (Fig. 813, B.) Annual; culms 


robust, usually 2 to 3 m. tall; blades 
elongate, 1 to 4 cm. wide, scaberulous; 
ligule 10 to 15 mm. long; panicles 
mostly 30 to 50 cm. long, the branches 
mostly 15 to 20 cm. long; lemma and 
palea of pistillate spikelet about 2 
em. long, thin, hispid throughout. 
© —Marshes and borders of streams 
and ponds, usually in shallow water, 
Maine to Michigan and_ Illinois, 
south to Florida and Louisiana; 
Idaho. 

ZIZANIA AQUATICA var. ANGUSTI- 
FOLIA Hitche. Culms usually not 
more than 1.5 m. tall; ligule 3 to 8 
mm. long; blades usually not more 
than 1 cm. wide; lemma and palea 
of pistillate spikelet mostly larger, 
firm, shining, hispid only on the 
margin and nerves. © —Shallow 
water, Quebec and New Brunswick 


to North Dakota, south to New 
York and Nebraska. 

ZIZANIA AQUATICA var. INTERIOR 
Fassett. (Fig. 818, A.) Closely re- 
sembling the species, or the blades 
narrower; pistillate spikelet as in 
var. angustifolia; intergrades in the 
Middle West. © —Michigan and 
Indiana to North and South Dakota; 
Idaho. 

2. Zizania texana Hitche. Texas 
WILDRICE. (Fig. 814.) Perennial; culm 
long-decumbent and rooting at base, 
1 to 3 m. long; blades elongate, 3 
to 15 or even 20 mm. wide; panicle 
20 to 30 cm. long, narrow, the lower 
(staminate) branches ascending, 5 to 
10 cm. long; staminate spikelets 7 to 
9 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide; pistillate 
spikelets about 1 cm. long, tapering 
into an awn 1 to 2 cm. long. 2 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


562 


~ 
= 
Ye hae 


= — 


1 


4; pistillate spikelet, X 2; second view, X 5. (Fink, 


Iowa.) B, Z. aquatica. Pistillate spikelet, X 5. (Hitchcock, Va.) 


Figure 813.—A, Zizania aquatica var. interior. Plant, X 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


—Growing in rapidly flowing water, 
San Marcos, Tex. The grass grows 
in water 30 to 120 cm. deep, the 
lower part of the plant prostrate or 
floating on the water, the upper part 
erect. Flowers from April to Novem- 
ber and at warm periods during 
winter. Said to be troublesome in 
irrigation ditches. 


122. ZIZANIOPSIS Doell and 
Aschers. 


Spikelets unisexual, 1-flowered, dis- 
articulating from the pedicel, mixed 
on the same branches of the panicle, 
the staminate below; glumes wanting; 
lemma, 7-nerved, short-awned in the 
pistillate spikelets; palea 3-nerved; 
staminate spikelets with 6 stamens; 
styles rather long, united; fruit obo- 
vate, free from the lemma and palea, 
coriaceous, smooth and _ shining, 
beaked with the persistent style; seed 
free from the pericarp. Robust peren- 
nial marsh grasses, with stout creep- 
ing rhizomes, broad flat blades, and 
large open panicles. Type _ species, 
Zizamopsis microstachya (Nees) Doell 
and Aschers. Name from Zizania, a 
generic name, and Greek opsis, ap- 
pearance, alluding to the similarity 
to Zizania. 

1. Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) 
Doell and Aschers. (Fig. 815.) SourH- 
ERN WILDRICE. Culms | to 3 m. tall 
or even taller; blades glabrous except 
the very scabrous margins, 1 to 2 cm. 
wide, the midrib stout; panicle rather 
narrow, nodding, 30 to 50 cm. long, 
the numerous branches fascicled, as 
much as 15 to 20 cm. long, naked at 
base; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, short- 
awned, the staminate slender, the 
pistillate turgid at maturity. 2 — 
Marshes, creeks, and river banks, 
Maryland to Kentucky and Okla- 
homa, south to Florida and Texas. 


Figure 814.—Zizania tecana. Plant, X 4; pistillate and staminate spikelets, X 5. (Type.) 


563 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


564 


I \ 
\ 
Ni 
~ 


Tiaure 815.—Zizaniopsis miliacea. Plant, X 44; staminate spikelet, pistillate spikelet, and ripe caryopsis, X 5. 
(Chase 7121, S. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 965 


193. LUZIOLA Juss. 


Spikelets unisexual, 1-flowered, disarticulating from the pedicel, the sta- 
minate and pistillate spikelets in separate panicles on the same plant; glumes 


Figure 816.—Luziola peruviana. Plant, X 4; pistillate and staminate spikelets, X 5. (Curtiss 6871, Fla.) 


566 


wanting; lemma and palea about equal, thin, several to many-nerved, lance- 
olate or oblong; stamens 6 or more; stigmas long, plumose; grain free, globose, 
finely striate. Creeping, low or delicate perennials, with narrow flat blades 
and terminal and axillary panicles. Type species, Luziola peruviana. Name 
modified from Luzula, a genus of Juncaceae. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Pistillate spikelets ovoid, about 2 mm. long; staminate and pistillate panicles on the same 
BOO bss cesar eee ae ett ne tt lene ne Ae a ee 1. L. PERUVIANA. 
Pistillate spikelets oblong-lanceolate, 4 to 5 mm. long; staminate and pistillate panicles on 


different shoots __. 


1. Luziola peruviana Gmel. (Fig. 
816.) Culms slender, branching, the 
flowering shoots ascending, 10 to 40 
em. tall; blades 1 to 4 mm. wide, ex- 
ceeding the panicles; staminate pan- 
icles terminal, narrow, the spikelets 
about 7 mm. long; pistillate panicles 
terminal and axillary, 3 to 6 cm. long, 
about as wide, the spikelets about 2 
mm. long, ovoid at maturity, abruptly 
pointed. 2 —Muddy ground and 
wet meadows, Florida (Pensacola) 
and Louisiana (vicinity of New Or- 
leans); Mexico and Cuba, south to 
Argentina. 

2. Luziola bahiénsis (Steud.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 817.) Extensively sto- 
loniferous, the flowering shoots not 
more than 15 cm. tall, mostly less; 
blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, much ex- 
ceeding the panicles; panicles mostly 
terminal, the staminate few-flowered, 
the spikelets about 5 mm. long; pistil- 
late panicles 4 to 6 cm. long, the few 
stiff branches finally spreading, with 
a few appressed oblong-lanceolate 
spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, the lemma 
and palea much exceeding the caryop- 
sis. 2 —Lagoons and banks of 
streams, southern Alabama; Cuba, 
Venezuela, Brazil. 


124. HYDROCHLOA Beauv. 


Spikelets unisexual, 1-flowered, dis- 
articulating from the pedicel, the 
staminate and pistillate spikelets in 
separate panicles on the same plant; 
glumes wanting; staminate spikelets 
with a thin 7-nerved lemma, a 2- 
nerved palea, and 6 stamens; pistil- 
late spikelets with a thin 7-nerved 
lemma and 5-nerved palea, the stig- 
mas long and slender. A slender, 
branching, aquatic grass, probably 


An a nn ne 888 E888 EE SEES EEE US EEE SE EEE SESS EE EEE EEE Eee enw 


L. BAHIENSIS. 


Ficure 817.—Luziola bahiensis, X 1. (Mohr, Ala.) 


perennial, the leaves floating; stami- 
nate spikelets in small few-flowered 
terminal racemes; pistillate spikelets 
in few-flowered racemes in the axils of 
the leaves. Type species, Hydrochloa 
caroliniensis. Name from Greek hudor, 
water, and chloa, grass, alluding to 
the habitat. 

1. Hydrochloa caroliniénsis Beauv. 
(Fig. 818.) Culms up to 1 m. or more 
long, freely branching, leafy; blades 
flat, 1 to 3 em. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, 
in vigorous shoots as much as 6 cm. 
long and 5 mm. wide; spikelets incon- 
spicuous and infrequent, the stami- 
nate about 4 mm. long, the pistillate 
about 2 mm. 2 ##—Ponds and 
slow-flowing streams, sometimes in 
sufficient abundance to become trou- 
blesome. North Carolina to Florida 
and Louisiana. Eaten by livestock. 
Lemma, 5- or 7-nerved; palea 4- to 7- 
nerved. (Weatherwax. ) 


| 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


567 


Fiaure 8 18.—Hydrochloa caroliniensis. Plant, X 14; two views of pistillate spikelet and staminate spikelet, X 5. 
(Nash 1152, Fla.) 


125. PHARUS “L. 


Spikelets in pairs, appressed along 
the slender spreading, nearly simple 
panicle branches, one pistillate, sub- 
sessile, the other staminate, pediceled, 
much smaller than the pistillate spike- 
let; fertile lemma subindurate, terete, 
clothed, at least toward the beaked 
apex, with thick uncinate hairs; 
blades petioled (the petiole with a 
single twist reversing the upper and 
under surfaces of the blade), the 
nerves running from midnerve to mar- 
gin, with fine transverse veins be- 


tween the nerves. Perennials with 
broad flat elliptic or oblanceolate 
blades and terminal panicles with 
rather few stiffly spreading branches 
breaking readily at maturity, the 
terete pistillate spikelets appressed, 
the uncinate fruits acting like burs. 
Type species, Pharus latzfolius L. 
Name from Greek pharos, cloth or 
mantle, possibly alluding to the broad 
blades. 

1. Pharus parvifélius Nash. (Fig. 
819.) Culms long-decumbent and 
rooting at base, the flowering shoot 
30 to 50 em. tall; blades elliptic, 


568 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


i 


£7 Nx heen. ane = as LN ae pe ; \ ase e 


Figure 819.—Pharus parvifolius, X 4%. (Miller 1231, Dominican Republic.) 


 — 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


abruptly acuminate, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, 2 to 4 cm. wide; panicles mostly 
10 to 20 cm. long, about as wide; pis- 
tillate spikelets about 1 cm. long, the 
glumes thin, brown, less than half as 
long as the lemma; staminate spike- 
lets about 3 mm. long, the slender 
pedicels appressed to the pistillate 
spikelets. 21 —Rocky woods, Flor- 
ida, rare (Pineola; Orange Lake); 
West Indies to Brazil. 


TRIBE 11. MELINIDEAE 
126. MELINIS Beauv. 


Spikelets small, dorsally comes 
pressed, 1-flowered with a sterile 
lemma below the fertile floret, the 
rachilla disarticulating below the 
glumes; first glume minute; second 
glume and sterile lemma _ similar, 
membranaceous, strongly nerved, 
slightly exceeding the fertile floret; 
fertile lemma and palea subhyaline 
toward summit. Perennials with slen- 
der, branching, decumbent culms and 
narrow many-flowered panicles, with 
capillary branchlets and _ pedicels. 
Type species, Melhinis minutifiora. 
Name from Greek melzne, millet. 

1. Melinis minutifi6ra Beauv. Mo- 
LASSES GRASS. (Fig. 820.) Culms as- 
cending from a tangled much- 
branched base, as much as 1 m. tall; 
the foliage viscid-pubescent; biades 
flat, 5 to 15 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. 
wide; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long, pur- 
plish; spikelets about 2 mm. long; 
sterile lemma 2-lobed, with a delicate 
awn 1 to 10 mm. long from between 
the lobes. 2 —Introduced from 
Brazil, though native of Africa. Cul- 
tivated for forage and spreading in 
open ground through Central and 
South America and the West Indies. 
It has been tried successfully in south- 


Figure 820.—Melinis minutiflora. Plant, * 1; spike- 
let, X 10. (Moldenke 453, Fla.) 


ern Florida. The grass has a heavy 
sweetish odor when fresh. Called in 
Brazil capim gordura. 


THYSANOLAENA MAXIMA (Roxb.) Kuntze. 
Robust perennial, 1 to 3 m. tall; blades 3 to 
7 cm. wide; panicle commonly 1 m. long, the 
slender flat densely flowered branches droop- 
ing; spikelets about 2 mm. long, pointed; 
fertile lemma long-ciliate. 2 — Intro- 
duced in southern Florida and southern Cal- 
ifornia as an ornamental. 


TRIBE 12. PANICEAE 
127. ANTHAENANTIA Beauv. 


Spikelets obovoid; first glume wanting; second glume and sterile lemma 
about equal, 5-nerved, the broad internerves infolded, densely villous, the 
sterile lemma with a small palea and sometimes with a staminate flower; 
fertile lemma cartilaginous, brown, with narrow pale hyaline margins, boat- 


570 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


shaped, 3-nerved, subacute. Erect perennials with short creeping rhizomes, 
narrow, firm, flat blades, the uppermost much reduced, and narrow panicles, 
the slender branches ascending or appressed. Type species, Anthaenantia 
villosa. Name from Greek anthos, flower, and enantios contrary. (Beauvois 
misinterpreted the structure of the spikelet.) 

In pine barrens A. rufa may be an important element in the natural pasture. 


Blades erect or spreading, rather blunt or rounded at the apex, linear, folded at base; panicle 


usuallyspurplec <8 ss ons oS SAS ee Ee eee 1S? VAS RUA 
Blades ascending or spreading (on the average shorter and broader than in A. rufa), tapering 
to the apex, rounded at base; panicle usually pale......................-..-------- 2. <A. VILLOSA. 


1. Anthaenantia rifa (Ell.) Schult. 
(Fig. 821.) Culms slender, 60 to 120 
cm. tall; blades elongate, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide, often scabrous; panicle 8 to 15 
cm. long, usually purple; spikelets 3 
to 4 mm. long. 2 —Moist pine 
barrens, Coastal Plain, North Caro- 
lina to Florida and eastern Texas. 

2. Anthaenantia villosa (Michx.) 
Beauv. (Fig. 822.) Differing from A. 
rufa in the wider, mostly shorter, 
spreading blades and in the usually 
pale panicles. 2 —Dry pine bar- 
rens, Coastal Plain, North Carolina 
to Florida and Texas. 


FiGuRE 821.—Anthaenantia rufa, X 1. (Amer. Gr. 
Natl. Herb. 290, N. C.) 


128. TRICHACHNE Nees 
(Valota Adans., inadequately published) 


Spikelets lanceolate, in pairs, short-pediceled, in 2 rows along one side of a 
slender rachis; first glume minute, glabrous; second glume and sterile lemma 
about as long as the fruit, 3- to 5-nerved, copiously silky; fertile lemma carti- 
laginous, lanceolate, acuminate, usually brown, the flat white hyaline margins 
broad. Perennials with slender erect or ascending racemes, approximate to 
rather distant along a slender main axis, forming a white to brownish silky 
panicle. Type species, T'richachne insularis. Name from Greek thria (trich-), 
hair, and achne, chaff, alluding to the silky spikelets. 

Trichachne insularis is not relished by cattle, hence the name sourgrass by 
which it is called in the West Indies; 7. californica is a constituent of the 
ranges of the Southwest, and furnishes fair forage. 
bruit 4mm. lone spikelets tawmy-vallous!s..2 20. ca te ee 1. T. INSULARIS. 
Fruit 3 mm. or less long (rarely 3.5 mm.); spikelets white-villous. 


Spikelets long-silky, the hairs exceeding the spikelet; fruit 3 to 3.5 mm. long. 
Panicle branches stiffly ascending or spreading, comparatively few-flowered; fruit 


oblong-lanceolate, gradually pointed............2-....---------eeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee 3. T. PATENS. 
Panicle branches appressed, densely flowered; fruit obovate, abruptly pointed, the point 
scarcely and@urate:ss.) 24ers Sea ee 2. T. CALIFORNICA. 


Spikelets short-silky, the hairs not exceeding the spikelet; fruit 2.4 mm. long. 
4, T. HITCHCOCKII. 
1. Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees. 
SourGRAss. (Fig. 823.) Culms sub- base, 1 to 1.5 m. tall; leaves numer- 
erect from a hard scaly hairy swollen ous; the sheaths sparsely hirsute; 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 571 


N\ 
SC 


WA 


’ 
. \ 5 


HENNY 
Ty 


“GB, Y W 
J.) \ 
aft 


Figure 822.—Anthaenantia villosa. Plant, X 44; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Chase 4605, N.C.) 


blades elongate, 8 to 15 mm. wide; 
panicle 15 to 30 cm. long, the slender 
racemes mostly 10 to 15 cm. long, 
somewhat nodding; spikelets approxi- 
mate, excluding the hairs about 4 mm. 
long, the tawny hairs much exceeding 


them. 2 —Low open ground and 
waste places, Florida, Alabama (Mo- 
bile), southern Texas, and southern 
Arizona; Mexico; West Indies to Ar- 
gentina. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


o72 


Ficurr 823.—Trichachne insularis. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Baker and Wilson 602, Cuba) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


2. Trichachne califérnica (Benth.) 
Chase. Corrontop. (Fig. 824.) Culms 
erect from a knotty swollen felty- 
pubescent base, 40 to 100 em. tall; 
leaves numerous, the sheaths gla- 
brous to sparsely pilose; blades mostly 
less than 12 em. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide, from nearly glabrous to densely 
puberulent; panicle mostly 5 to 10 
em. long, the few racemes usually 3 
to 5 cm. long, occasionally longer, 
erect or nearly so; spikelets approxi- 
mate, excluding the hairs 3 to 4 mm. 
long, the white to purplish hairs much 
exceeding them, often spreading, the 
middle internerves of the sterile 
lemma glabrous. 2 (7. saccharata 
Nash.)—Plains and dry open ground, 
Texas and Oklahoma to Colorado, 
Arizona, and Mexico; South America. 

3. Trichachne patens Swallen. (Fig. 
825.) Culms tufted, erect, 40 to 90 
cm. tall; sheaths more or less papil- 
lose-pilose, the lowermost densely 
felty-pubescent; blades 5 to 15 cm. 


573 


Zeer Ee. 


es 
Gms j 2 
nt ‘ LE AS \ y 
SEN eee ES ERS a 


4 
as 


a 


Figure 824.—Trichachne californica, X 1. (Hitchcock 
13608, Tex.) 


long, 1 to 4 mm. wide, scabrous; pan- 
icle 10 to 18 cm. long, the racemes 
stiffly ascending or spreading; spike- 
lets remote, 4 mm. long, densely silky, 
the hairs exceeding the spikelet; fruit 
3mm. long, acute. 21 —Dry fields, 
_ prairies, and roadsides, Texas. 

4, Trichachne hitcheéckii (Chase) 
Chase. (Fig. 826.) Culms tufted and 
branching at base, leafy below, slen- 
der, 30 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths and 


129. DIGITARIA Heister. 


blades nearly glabrous to puberulent, 
sometimes densely so toward base, 
the blades 2 to 5 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. 
wide; panicle long-exserted, 6 to 10 
em. long, the few racemes 3 to 4 cm. 
long, mostly rather remote and erect; 
spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long, densely 
silky-villous, the prominent nerves not 
hidden, the grayish hairs not exceed- 
ing the spikelet. 21 —Dry plains, 
Texas; northern Mexico. 


CRABGRASS 


(Syntherisma Walt.) 


Spikelets in twos or threes, rarely solitary, subsessile or short-pediceled, 
alternate in 2 rows on one side of a 3-angled winged or wingless rachis; spikelets 
lanceolate or elliptic, nearly planoconvex; first glume minute or wanting; 
second glume equaling the sterile lemma or shorter; fertile lemma carti- 
laginous, the hyaline margins pale. Annual or perennial, erect to prostrate, 
often weedy grasses, the slender racemes digitate or approximate on a short 
axis. Type species, Digitaria sanguinalis. Name from Latin digitus, finger, 
alluding to the digitate inflorescence of the type species. 

The species are in the main good forage grasses. Digitaria sanguinalis, the 
common crabgrass, is a weed in cultivated soil. In the Southern States, where 
it produces an abundant growth in late summer on fields from which crops 
have been gathered, it is utilized for forage and is sometimes cut for hay. 
This species and D. ischaemum are common weeds in lawns. They form a fine 
- green growth at first but start late and die in the fall. 


574 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ha 


—— 


L, 
ed 
K- BS wy 
D Se 


Figure 825.—Trichachne patens. Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Reed 11, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


5795 


la. Rachis winged or flat-margined, the margin as wide as the central rib; plants annual, 


creeping at least at base. 


Rachis bearing scattered long fine hairs (these rarely wanting); spikelets narrow, acumi- 
Be i 


Nate, nearly glabrous... 2:22 


D. HORIZONTALIS. 


Rachis not bearing hairs; spikelets elliptic, acute, pubescent. 


Plants perennial, stoloniferous.................. 


Gos Are ete eve es KF 4 7. D. LONGIFLORA. 


Plants annual. Culms erect or decumbent spreading. 


Sheaths glabrous; fertile lemma brown. 


Spikelets 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, the hairs or most of them capitellate. 


D. ISCHAEMUM. 


Spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long, about 0.6 mm. wide, the hairs not capitellate. 
Sterile lemma with 5 distinct nerves; spikelets sparingly pubescent, 1.7 mm. long; 
fertile lemma light brown; racemes, if more than 2, not digitate. 


4, D. FLORIDANA. 


Sterile lemma with 3 distinct nerves; spikelets distinctly pubescent, 1.5 mm. long, 
fertile lemma dark brown, racemes usually all digitate. 


5. D. VIOLASCENS. 


Sheaths pilose or villous; fertile lemma pale. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long; pedicels terete, glabrous............ 6. D. SEROTINA. 


Spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 mm. long; pedicels angled, scabrous...... 1. 


D. SANGUINALIS. 


ib. Rachis wingless or with a very narrow margin (see also D. horizontalis), triangular; 
plants not creeping (except in D. texana), annual or perennial. 


2a. Fertile lemma pale or gray. 


Plants annual, decumbent and rooting at base. Spikelets 3 mm. long, glabrous or nearly 


SO Eeeatiea sir Maite SE 208, BSA ae LS eo 


Plants perennial. 


D. SIMPSONI. 


Spikelets densely or sparsely villous; racemes 5 to 10. 
Spikelets 2.8 to 3.5 mm. long, sparsely to densely villous.......... 14. D. RUNYONI. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long, rather sparsely villous............... 13. D. TEXANA. 
Spikelets glabrous to obscurely appressed-pubescent on the internerves:; racemes 2 to 
5, some of them naked at base for 1 to 1.5 cm. 
First glume broad, hyaline, minute but obvious; spikelets 3.2 mm. long, glabrous. 
1 


D. PAUCIFLORA. 


First glume obsolete or nearly so; spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, obscurely to obvi- 


ously appressed-pubescent. 


Racemes 2 to 4; culms ascending from a curved base; sheaths papillose-pilose. 
1 


D. SUBCALVA. 


Racemes 5 to 10; culms erect; sheaths conspicuously villous. 


17. D. ALBICOMA. 


2b. Fertile lemma dark brown. Plants erect or at least not rooting at the decumbent base; 
annual or sometimes apparently perennial. 
Second glume and sterile lemma glabrous (see also D. laeviglumis under D. filiformis). 
1 


D. GRACILLIMA. 


Second glume and sterile lemma capitellate-pubescent. 


Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long.................. 


Spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long. 


Blades folded or involute, flexuous... 
Bladegilatzcst tee ee ee Tg. 


1. Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. 
Craparass. (Fig. 827.) Plant branch- 
ing and spreading, often purplish, 
rooting at the decumbent base, the 
culms sometimes as much as 1 m. 
long, the flowering shoots ascending; 
sheaths, at least the lower, papillose- 
pilose; blades 5 to 10 mm. wide, pu- 
bescent to scaberulous; racemes few 
to several, 5 to 15 cm. long, rarely 
longer, digitate, with usually 1 or 2 
whorls a short distance below; spike- 
lets about 3 mm. long; first glume 
minute but evident; second glume 
about half as long as the spikelet, nar- 


GHENES EPAN LC eee a eS Coote 11. 
a CAPRI AURA eam UD 9. 


PRUE RANE dain Oa Obed AP PON eld 10. D. vILLosa. 


D. DOLICHOPHYLLA. 
D. FILIFORMIS. 


row, ciliate; sterile lemma strongly 
nerved, the lateral internerves ap- 
pressed-pubescent, the hairs some- 
times spreading at maturity (D. fim- 
briata Link); fertile lmma pale. © 
—Fields, gardens, and waste places, 
a troublesome weed in lawns and cul- 
tivated ground throughout the United 
States at low and medium altitudes, 
more common in the Hast and South; 
temperate and tropical regions of the 
world. Native of Europe. A specimen 
with nearly glabrous sheaths and in- 
florescences of 2 racemes collected by 


576 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 826.—Trichachne hitchcockii. Plant, X 1; 
spikelet and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Tracy in Mississippi, said to be in- 
troduced, has been erroneously re- 


ferred to Syntherisma  barbatum 
(Willd.) Nash (Digitaria barbata 
Willd.). 


DIGITARIA SANGUINALIS var. CILI- 
Aris (Retz.) Parl. Sterile lemma, 
pectinate-ciliate, the stiff cilia 1.5 
mm. long. Along railroad, Berks 
County, Pa. Waif from Asia. 

2. Digitaria horizontalis Willd. 
(Fig. 828.) Resembling D. sanguina- 
lis, the culms more slender, the 
racemes mostly subracemose, very 
slender, lax, the rachis scarcely winged, 
bearing scattered long fine spreading 
hairs (these rarely wanting); spike- 
lets narrow, about 2 mm. long; first 
glume minute or obsolete; second 
glume half as long as the spikelet. 
© (Syntherisma setosum Nash; S. 
digitatum Hitche.)—Waste _ places, 
southern and central Florida; ballast, 
Mobile, Ala.; tropical regions of 
North America and South America. 

3. Digitaria ischaémum (Schreb.) 
Schreb. ex Muhl. SmoorH CRABGRASS. 


(Fig. 829.) Erect or usually soon 
decumbent-spreading, resembling D. 
sanguinalis but not so coarse or tall; 
foliage glabrous, bluish or purplish; 
racemes mostly 2 to 6, 4 to 10 cm. 
long, the rachis with thin wings 
wider than the midrib; spikelets about 
2 mm. long; first glume hyaline, ob- 
scure; second glume and sterile lem- 
ma, as long as the dark fertile lemma, 
pubescent with capitellate hairs. © 
(Syntherisma humifusum Rydb.)— 
Waste places, often a troublesome 
weed in lawns. Quebec to Georgia, 
west to Washington and California; 
introduced from Eurasia. The first 
glume is so thin as to be apparently 
wanting. DIGITARIA ISCHAEMUM Var. 
MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Gattinger) Fernald. 
Taller, the racemes mostly 5 to 7, 
often 10 or even 15 cm. long; first 
glume often more easily seen. © 
—Maryland, Indiana, Illinois, Vir- 
ginia, Tennessee, South Carolina, 
and Georgia. 

4, Digitaria floridana Hitche. (Fig. 
830.) Culms tufted, decumbent at 
base, 20 to 30 em. tall; foliage gla- 
brous except for a few long hairs 
around the mouth of the sheath; 
blades 4 to 7 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide; racemes 3 or 4, rather distant 
on the axis, 3 to 6 cm. long, the 
rachis wings wider than the midrib; 
spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. long, rather 
sparingly pubescent; first glume want- 
ing; second glume and sterile lemma 
about as long as the light-brown 
fertile lemma. © -—Sandy pine 
woods, Florida (Hernando County). 
The inflorescence resembles that of 
D. filiformis, but the rachis is winged; 
the spikelets are smaller than those 
of D. tschaemum. 

5. Digitaria violascens Link. (Fig. 
831.) Annual or apparently perennial; 
culms numerous in a tuft, spreading 
at base, slender, 10 to 40 cm. tall; 
leaves mostly clustered near the base, 
the sheaths glabrous; blades flat, 
mostly less than 5 cm. long, 3 to 6 
mm. wide, the upper culm blade 
distant, reduced; racemes slender, 2 
to 5, usually 2 or 3, digitate or some- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 577 


times approximate on a short axis 
3 to 6 em. long, at maturity spreading 
or curved, the rachis flat, winged, 
about 0.7 mm. wide; spikelets closely 
set, elliptic, acutish, minutely pubes- 
cent, about 1.5 mm. long; first glume 
wanting; second glume about three 
fourths as long as the spikelet; sterile 
lemma as long as the spikelet, with 


Figure 827.—Digitaria sanguinalis. Plant, X 44; two 
views wn spikelet, and floret, 10. (Norton 566, 
ans. 


Fictre 828.—Digitaria horizontalis. Plant, X& 1; 
spikelet and floret, X 10. (Nash 996, Fla.) 


578 


FIGURE 829.—Digitaria ischaemum. Plant, X 1; spike- 
let and floret, X 10. (Jones 1761, Vt.) 


three distinct nerves and 1 or 2 
obscure pairs; fertile lemma acute, 
dark brown at maturity © 2 
—Open pineland in sandy soil, Indi- 
ana and Kentucky; Georgia and 
Florida to Arkansas and Texas; 
tropical America; tropical Asia. 

6. Digitaria serétina (Walt.) Michx. 
(Fig. 832.) Creeping, sometimes form- 
ing extensive mats; flowering culms 
ascending or erect, 10 to 30 em. tall; 
leaves crowded on the creeping culms, 
the blades short; sheaths villous; 
blades 2 to 8 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. 
wide; racemes usually 3 to 5, slender, 
often arcuate, 3 to 10 cm. long, the 
rachis with thin wings wider than 
the midrib; spikelets pale, about 1.7 
mm. long; first glume wanting; second 
glume about one-third as long as the 
sterile lemma, both finely pubescent; 
fertile lemma pale. © -—Pastures 
and waste places, Coastal Plain, 
Pennsylvania to Florida and Louisi- 
ana; Philadelphia (ballast); Cuba. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FicuRE 830.—Digitaria floridana. Plant, X 1; spike- 
let and fertile floret, X 10. (Type.) 


7. Digitaria longifléra (Retz.) Pers. 
(Fig. 833.) Stoloniferous; culms as- 
cending, 20 to 40 em. tall, glabrous; 
sheaths glabrous; ligule membrana- 
ceous, 1 mm. long; blades 1 to 4 
cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, flat, gla- 
brous; racemes 2 to 4, 3 to 8 em. 
long, usually curved, the rachis flat, 
0.5 to 0.8 mm. wide; spikelets 1.5 
mm. long, elliptic, minutely pubes- 
cent. 2 —Ditches and_ sandy 
ground, southern Florida; tropical 
regions of the Old World; introduced 
in the American Tropics. 

8. Digitaria simpsoni (Vasey) Fer- 
nald. (Fig. 834.) Resembling D. 
sanguinalis inhabit; sheaths papillose- 
pilose, those of the innovations com- 
pressed-keeled; blades not more than 
6 mm. wide, softly pilose; racemes 4 
to 8, ascending, pale, 8 to 12 em. 
long, the triangular rachis narrowly 
margined; spikelets about 3 mm. 
long; first glume hyaline, obsolete or 
nearly so; second glume and sterile 
lemma finely 7- to 9-nerved, glabrous 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 579 


FiaureE 831.—Digitaria violascens. Panicle, * 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Silveus 5394, 
Ala.) 


or very obscurely pubescent, barely 
exceeding the pale, slightly apiculate 
fertile lemma. © -—WSandy fields, 
Florida, rare; Isla de Pinos, Cuba. 

9. Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel. 
(Fig. 885, A.) Culms in small tufts, 
slender, usually erect, 10 to 60 cm. 
tall, rarely taller, those of a tuft very 
unequal; lower sheaths pilose, the 
upper mostly glabrous; blades erect, 
usually 5 to 15 cm. long (longer in 
more robust plants), 1 to 4 mm. 
wide; racemes mostly 1 to 5, unequal, 
erect or ascending, mostly less than 
10 cm. long, somewhat distant, not 
fascicled; spikelets 1.5 to 1.7 mm. 
long; first glume wanting; second 
glume and sterile lemma pubescent 
with short capitellate hairs, some- 
times nearly glabrous, the glume 
shorter than the spikelet; fertile lem- 
ma dark brown, slightly apiculate. 
© —wSandy fields and sterile open 
ground, New Hampshire to Iowa 
and Oklahoma, south to Florida, Ficure 832.—Digitaria serotina. Plant, X 1; two 


1 ; i f spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Tracy 4653, 
Texas, and Mexico. A form with McRae oes (Tracy 


580 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


iat 
x 


RAGE 


Sree, Ze 
WS. > ios 


= 
— 


FIGURE 833.—Digitaria longifiora, Plant, X 4. Stolon and panicle, X 1; spikelet and fioret, X 10. (Silveus 
A = 1 .) 


glabrous spikelets from Manchester, 
H., has been described as D. 
laeviglumis Fernald (835, B.). 

10. Digitaria villésa (Walt.) Pers. 
(Fig. 836.) Perennial at least in the 
Southern States, in large tufts, pur- 
plish at base; culms 0.75 to 1.5 m. 
tall, rarely branching; sheaths, at 
least the lower, grayish villous, some- 
times sparsely so; blades elongate, 
3 to 6 mm. wide, often flexuous, from 
softly pilose to nearly glabrous; 
racemes 2 to 7, narrowly ascending, 
rarely somewhat spreading, very slen- 
der, usually 15 to 25 em. long, rather 
distant, often naked at base, some- 
times interrupted; spikelets 2 to 2.5 
mm. long, usually densely pubescent 
with soft capitellate hairs, the hairs 
longer than in D. filiform7s, and some- 


Fla 


times only obscurely capitellate, the 
spikelets otherwise very like those of 
D. filiformis. 2 —Sandy fields and 
woods, Maryland to Missouri, south 
to Florida and Texas; Cuba, Mexico. 
This species and D. filiformis seem 
to intergrade to some extent. Plants 
from peninsular Florida with less 
strongly pubescent sheaths, 2 to 4 
elongate racemes, and spikelets with 
longer hairs have been distinguished 
as D. leuwcocoma (Nash) Urban. 

11. Digitaria dolichophylla Henr. 
(Fig. 837.) Slender wiry perennial, 
50 to 115 em. tall; blades elongate, 
folded or involute, flexuous, about 
1 mm. wide; racemes mostly 1 to 
3, erect, 5 to 20 em. long, usually 
10 to 20 cm., very slender, loosely 
flowered; spikelets about 1.5 mm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


long, the capitellate hairs rather 
stiff and appressed; fruit dark brown. 
2 (Has been confused with D. 
panicea (Swartz) Urban.)—Moist pine 
barrens and open ground, southern 
Florida; Cuba, Puerto Rico. 

12. Digitaria gracillima (Scribn.) 
Fernald. (Fig. 838.) Perennial in 
dense tufts; culms 60 to 100 cm. tall, 
erect; lower sheaths appressed-villous; 
blades elongate, 1 to 2 mm. wide, 


WA 
eg en S 
Stas Ses —-= SSS 
N “SSS SS SS > 


Ly 
AZ 
SS 
S == Oe 
S Sr 
SY = 
\, = 
aN NY 


FiaurE 834.—Digitaria simpsoni. Plant, X 1; spike- 
let and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 6422, Fla.) 


581 


Fieure 835.—A, Digitaria filiformis. Plant, * 1; 
spikelet and floret, X 10. (Bissell, Conn.) B, D. 
laeviglumis. Spikelet, 10. (Type coll.) 


often involute, more or less flexuous; 
racemes mostly 2 or 3, distant (rarely 
as many as 5 and fairly approximate), 
very slender; spikelets rather remote, 
relatively long pediceled, about 2.3 
mm. long, glabrous; first glume ob- 


aA 
LF 


eo — 
. 


eh : 
L Gi pa Myf te 
OX NERS x 
’ \ ANA 
i 


Figure 836.—Digitaria villosa. Plant, X 1; spikelet 
and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 5300, Fla.) 


582 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 837.—Digitaria dolichophylla. Plant, X 1; 
spikelet and floret, X 10. (Tracy 9058, Fla.) 


solete, the second one-fourth to half 
as long as the dark-brown fertile 
lemma; sterile lemma scarcely equal- 
ing the fruit. 2 —Sandy soil, high 
pineland, peninsular Florida, rare. A 
tall plant from Grasmere with 3 to 5 
racemes, the spikelets having second 
glumes about two-thirds as long as 
the fertile lemma, has been differen- 
tiated as D. bakeri (Nash) Fernald. 
13. Digitaria texana Hitche. (Fig. 
839.) Perennial, erect or somewhat 
decumbent and branching at base; 
culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; lower sheaths, 
rarely all the sheaths, villous or 
velvety-pubescent, the uppermost 
glabrous; ligule prominent; blades 
flat, the lower villous, the upper gla- 
brate, 10 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide; racemes mostly 5 to 10, slender, 
pale, ascending or erect, 5 to 12 cm. 
long, the axis 1 to 4 em. long; rachis 
angled, the scabrous margins much 
narrower than the whitish center; 
spikelets mostly rather distant, 2 to 
2.5 mm. long, from short-villous to 
nearly glabrous, the silky hairs not at 
all capitellate; first glume obsolete; 
second glume and sterile lemma as 
long as the pale acute fertile lemma. 


2} —Sandy oak woods or sandy 
prairie, southern Texas. 

14. Digitaria runyoni Hitche. (Fig. 
840.) Perennial; culms ascending, 40 
to 70 cm. tall, the base often long- 
creeping and rooting, many-noded; 
sheaths densely villous or the upper 
glabrate; blades flat, the lower densely 
velvety-villous, the upper sparingly 
pilose or glabrous, mostly less than 10 
cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide; racemes 5 
to 10, on an axis 1 to 4 em. long, 
mostly suberect, 7 to 12 cm. long, 
pale, sometimes naked at base, the 
rachis flat-triangular; spikelets nar- 
rowly lanceolate, acute, 2.8 to 3.5 
mm. long; first glume minute or ob- 
solete; second glume and _ sterile 
lemma equal, sparsely to densely vil- 
lous on the internerves, the lemma 


iW WN : J 
| : iby 
iy Y Jui) Wak | 
H / 
(Wy i \\ 4 Hs 
PY nr | OV, 
H fj ia \ f 
/ WN Wy ny i 
fy \ } Wa 
} | } Wil 
iy} , 1 TY) NF 
. y Lil An HG 
Y i] ¥\ A | | 
| WA) | sh4 
{ / - Wah Ni ° 
al Pe 
| 7 
\ 
7 
} x 
I EN 2 


FicgureE 838.—Digitaria gracillima. Plant, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


glabrous on the middle internerves; 
fertile lemma acuminate, usually a 
little shorter than the spikelet, pale 
at maturity. 2| —Sand dunes and 
sandy prairies along the coast, 
southern Texas. 

15. Digitaria pauciflora Hitche. 
(Fig. 841.) Perennial; culms erect or 
somewhat decumbent at base, 0.5 to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 083 


Figure 839.—Digitaria texana. Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, 


X 10. (Type.) 


1 m. tall, very slender, sparingly 
branching; foliage grayish-villous, the 
blades 6 to 12 cm. long, about 2 mm. 
wide; racemes 2 or 3, ascending or 
erect, 5 to 11 cm. long, the filiform 
rachis naked for 1 to 1.5 cm. at base, 
or with distant abortive spikelets; 
spikelets rather distant, elliptic, about 
3.2 mm, long, glabrous; first glume 
minute with a hyaline erose margin; 
second glume and sterile lemma finely 
nerved, as long as the grayish fertile 
lemma. 2 Pinelands, southern 
Florida. 

16. Digitaria subcaiva Hitche. (Fig. 
842.) Perennial; culms tufted, slender, 
ascending from a curved base, 40 to 
100 cm. tall; sheaths papillose-pilose; 


Ui; a 
Y y 
SSS. 4/7 d Uy 
~- Ly 
SS SC Y Wy Y, 


WES 
= 


“SS 
SS 


a 
i] 
WZ 


ie 


vit 
ivy 
it 
it 4 
"i 
i 
HI 
i 


AK 


y SAY 
t 


= =~ . ty f. 
SSS 


Figure 840.—Digitaria runyont. Plant, & 
1; spikelet and floret, K 10. (Type.) 


blades flat, scabrous, the lower pilose, 
3 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide; 
racemes 2 to 4, narrowly ascending, 
5 to 12 cm. long, approximate, the 
rachis slender, triangular, mostly 
naked at base for 1 to 1.5 cm.; spike- 
lets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, acute; first 
glume obsolete; second glume and 
sterile lemma slightly shorter than 
the acute pale or drab fruit, the inter- 
nerves from obscurely to distinctly 
appressed silky-pubescent. 2 — 
Known only from Plant City, Fla. 
17. Digitaria albic6ma Swallen. 
(Fig. 843.) Culms 65 to 75 cm. tall, 
erect, simple or branched at the base; 
lower sheaths densely villous, the 
upper elongate, glabrous or papillose- 


Figure 841.—Digitaria pauciflora. Plant, X 1; spike- 
let and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


pilose toward the base; blades 10 to 
30 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, pilose, 
the margins scabrous; racemes 5 to 9, 
8 to 12 em. long, ascending or spread- 
ing, naked at base; spikelets solitary 
or paired, 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, gla- 
brous, one subsessile, the other pedi- 
cellate; first glume obsolete; the sec- 
ond narrow, 3-nerved; sterile lemma 
as long as the fruit, 5- to 7-nerved; 
fruit 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, dark brown. 
2} —Open sandy woods. Known 
only from Chinsegut Hill Sanctuary, 
Brooksville, Fla. 


DIGITARIA PENTZII Stent. Culms densely 
tufted, erect, stoloniferous, with conspicu- 
ously hairy sheaths; racemes few to several, 
ascending to spreading, approximate on a 
short axis; spikelets about 3 mm. long, vil- 
lous, the first glume well developed. 2 
—Introduced from South Africa. On trial as 
a pasture grass in the Southern States. 

DIGITARIA DECUMBENS Stent. Similar to 
D. pentzii, extensively stoloniferous or 
creeping, the culms less densely tufted and 
more leafy; sheaths nearly glabrous; ra- 
cemes spreading at maturity; spikelets 2.7 
to 3 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly silky 
on the internerves. 2 Introduced from 
South Africa, and grown as a pasture grass 
in Florida and southern California. This and 
the preceding are not known to set seed and 
are planted by cuttings. 


MIS C. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 842.—Digitaria subcalva. Plant, X 1; spikelet 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) : 


Figure 843.—Digitaria albicoma. Spikelet and floret, 
X 10. (Type.) 


DIGITARIA SWAZILANDENSIS Stent. Culms 
tufted, compressed, leafy, 25 to 50 cm. tall, 
erect to spreading, and with slender wiry 
stolons, hairy at the nodes; blades flat, 
rather soft; racemes 2 or 8, digitate, pale, 5 
to 8 em. long; spikelets 2.3 mm. long; first 
glume minute, the second half as long as the 
spikelet; sterile lemma strongly nerved, ob- 
scurely pilose on the margin; fruit drab at 
maturity. @  —Introduced from South 
Africa. Grown at experiment stations, Tif- 
ton, Ga., and Gainesville, Fla. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


130. LEPTOLOMA Chase 


Spikelets on slender pedicels; first glume minute or obsolete; second glume 
3- to 5-nerved, nearly as long as the 5- to 7-nerved sterile lemma, a more or 
less prominent stripe of appressed silky hairs down the internerves and margins 
of each, the sterile lemma empty or enclosing a minute nerveless rudimentary 
palea; fertile lemma cartilaginous, elliptic, acute, brown, the delicate hyaline 
margins enclosing the palea. Branching perennials with brittle culms, felty- 
pubescent at base, flat blades, and open or diffuse panicles, these breaking 
away at maturity, becoming tumbleweeds. Type species, Leptoloma cognatum. 
Name from Greek leptos, thin, and loma, border, alluding to the thin margins 
of the lemma. 


585 


Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; culms spreading from a knotty, often densely hairy, base. 
i 


L. COGNATUM. 


Spikelets 4 mm. long; plants branching at base, producing long slender rhizomes. 


1. Leptoloma cegnatum (Schult.) 
Chase. FALL witcuacrass. (Fig. 844.) 
Ascending from a decumbent knotty 
often densely hairy base, often form- 
ing large bunches, pale green, leafy; 
culms 30 to 70 cm. long; blades 
mostly less than 10 cm. long, 2 to 6 
mm. wide, rather rigid; panicle one- 
third to half the entire height of the 
plant, purplish and short-exserted at 
maturity, very diffuse, the capillary 
branches soon widely spreading, pilose 
in the axils, the spikelets solitary on 
long capillary pedicels, narrowly 
elliptic, 2.6 to 3 mm. long, abruptly 
acuminate. 2 (Panicum cognatum 
Schult., Panicum autumnale Bosc.)— 
Dry soil and sandy fields, New Hamp- 
shire to Minnesota, south to Florida, 
Texas, and Arizona; northern Mexico. 
A fairly palatable grass. 

2. Leptcloma arenicola Swallen. 
(Fig. 844A.) Culms 30 to 40 em. long, 
branching at base, with slender rhi- 
zomes as much as 50 em. long, some- 
times branching, the scales thin, 
softly pubescent; lower sheaths and 
blades softly pubescent, the upper 
glabrous; blades flat, 4 to 13 cm. long, 
2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle nearly half 
the entire height of the plant, at ma- 
turity wider than long, few-fiowered, 
the branches stiffly spreading, scab- 
rous, bearing 2 to 5 spikelets near the 
ends and a few long stiff capillary 1- 
flowered branchlets, the lower bearing 
in addition 1 to few sterile branch- 
lets; spikelets narrowly elliptic, acu- 


L. ARENICOLA. 


minate, 4 mm. long, with 5 to 7 pale 
nerves, the internerves densely silky 
with appressed dark-purple hairs; 
fertile lemma 3.4 mm. long, dark 
brown with pale hyaline margins. 
% —Sand hills, Kennedy County, 
Tex. 


131. STENOTAPHRUM Trin. 


Spikelets embedded in one side of 
an enlarged and flattened corky rachis 
tardily disarticulating toward the tip 
at maturity, the spikelets remaining 
attached to the joints; first glume 
small; second glume and sterile lemma 
about equal, the latter with a palea or 
staminate flower; fertile lemma char- 
taceous. Creeping stoloniferous peren- 
nials, with short flowering culms, 
rather broad and short obtuse blades, 
and terminal and axillary racemes. 
Type species, Stenotaphrum glabrum 
Trin. Name from Greek, stenos, nar- 
row, and taphros, trench, referring to 
the cavities in the rachis. 

il. Stenotaphrum secundatum 
(Walt.) Kuntze. Sr. AvGUSTINE 
Grass. (Hig. 845.) Culms branching, 
compressed, the flowering shoots 10 
to 30 cm. tall; blades mostly less than 
15 cm. long, longer on the innova- 
tions, in rich soil 4 to 10 mm. wice; 
racemes 5 to 16 cm. long; spikelets 
solitary or in pairs, rarely threes, 4 to 
5mm.long. 2 —Moist, especially 
mucky soil, mostly near the seashore, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 587 


Ficure 844A.—Leptoloma arenicola. Base and panicle, X %; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


132. ERIOCHLOA H.B.K. Curcrass 


Spikelets more or less pubescent, solitary or sometimes in pairs, short- 
pediceled or subsessile, in two rows on one side of a narrow rachis, the back 
of the fertile lemma turned from the rachis; lower rachilla joint thickened, 
forming a more or less ringlike, usually dark-colored callus below the second 
glume, the first glume reduced to a minute sheath about this and adnate to it; 
second glume and sterile lemma about equal, the lemma usually enclosing a 
hyaline palea or sometimes a staminate flower; fertile lemma indurate, mi- 
nutely papillose-rugose, mucronate or awned, the awn often readily deciduous, 
the margins slightly inrolled. Annual or perennial, often branching grasses, 
with terminal panicles of several to many spreading or appressed racemes, 
usually approximate along a common axis. The species are called cupgrasses 
because of the tiny cup made by the first glume at the base of the spikelet. 
Type species, Erizochloa distachya H. B. K. Name from Greek erion, wool, and 
chloa, grass, alluding to the pubescent spikelets and pedicels. 

A West Indian species, EH. polystachya H. B. K. (E. subglabra (Nash) 
Hitche.), called malojilla in Puerto Rico, is used for forage. This has been 
tried along the Gulf Coast from Florida to southern Texas and has given ex- 
cellent results in southern Florida and at Biloxi, Miss. It is similar in habit to 
Para grass, producing runners but less extensively, is suited to grazing, and 
will furnish a good quality of hay. It will not withstand either cold or drought. 
The name carib grass has been proposed for it. In Arizona EF. gracilis has some 
value for forage in the national forests. 


Spikelets, including slender awns, 7 to 10 mm. long.............0..--..-.----.----- 1. E. ARISTATA. 
Spikelets not more than 6 mm., awnless or awn-tipped. : 
Pedicels with erect hairs at least half as long as the spikelet, racemes dense, erect or ap- 
pressed; spikelets relatively blunt (see also H. gracilis). 
ibladesp2stors mm: widexelongate::.......08 8 2. E. SERICBA. 
Blades 5 to 15 mm. wide, not more than 15 cm. long.._._...........-..--..-.- 3. E. LEMMONI. 
Pedicels scabrous or short-pubescent; spikelets acuminate or acute. 
Plants perennial. 


588 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Rachis velvety to villous; spikelets narrowly ovate..................-...- 8. E. MICHAUXII. 
Rachis scabrous only; spikelets lanceolate............--...-....-..0--cce-c00--- 7. E. PUNCTATA. 


Plants annual. 


Rachis scabrous only; racemes slender. Introduced.................. 


Rachis pubescent; racemes stouter. 


Blades glabrous; fruit apiculate......-. 
Blades pubescent; fruit with an awn about 1 mm. long_........... 6. 


1. Eriochloa aristata Vasey. (Fig. 
846.) Annual; culms erect or spread- 
ing at base, 50 to 80 cm. tall; blades 
flat, mostly 10 to 12 mm. wide, gla- 


Sips sterea oan ae, ae mene hee gene se 5. 


ise ae") PROCHRA: 


FE. GRACILIS. 
E.. CONTRACTA. 


brous or scabrous; racemes several, 
ascending, overlapping, 3 to 4 cm. 
long, the rachis pilose, the pedicels 
bearing several long stiff hairs; spike- 
lets about 5 mm. long, the glume and 
sterile lemma tapering into awns (awn 
of the glume about as long as the 
spikelet), appressed-villous on the 
lower half or two-thirds, the upper 
part scaberulous only; fruit 3.5 mm. 
long, apiculate. © —Open ground, 
Arizona and California (near Yuma); 
northern Mexico. 

2. Eriochloa sericea (Scheele) 
Munro. (Fig. 847.) Perennial, in dense 
tufts; culms simple, erect, 50 to 100 
cm. tall, the lowermost sheaths felty- 
pubescent; blades elongate, 2 to 3 
mm. wide, flat or mostly involute, 


Figure 845.—Stenotaphrum secundatum. Plant, X 
144; two views of spikelet, and fertile floret, X 10. 
(Tracy 1408, Miss.) 


= PPADS GILL 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


densely puberulent at the junction 
with the sheath; racemes several, ap- 
pressed, somewhat distant, usually 
not overlapping, mostly 1.5 to 3 cm. 
long, the rachis hirsute, the pedicels 
with copious stiff hairs half as long as 
the spikelet; spikelets 4 mm. long, 
rather turgid, short-villous, the glume 
and sterile lemma acutish; fruit 3 
mm. long, apiculate. 2 —Prairies 
and hills, Texas and Oklahoma. 

3. Eriochloa lemmoéni Vasey and 
Scribn. (Fig. 848.) Annual; culms de- 
cumbent at base, 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
blades flat, only the larger as much as 
15 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, 
velvety-pubescent on both surfaces; 
racemes erect, the upper overlapping, 
1.5 to 3 em. long, the axis and rachis 
densely villous, the pedicels with sev- 
eral long hairs; spikelets 4 mm. long, 
rather turgid, villous except the apex, 
abruptly narrowed to a short obtuse 
point; fruit 3 mm. long, slightly apic- 
ulate. © —Canyons, southern 
Arizona and northern Mexico. 

4, Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C. E. 
Hubb. (Fig. 849.) Annual; culms 
spreading at base, 40 to 60 cm. tall; 
blades flat, 2 to 4 mm. wide; racemes 
loose, slender, ascending, 3 to 5 cm. 


Figure 846.—Eriochloa aristata. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Thornber 98, Ariz.) 


589 


Figure 847.—Eriochloa sericea. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Reverchon 1170, Tex.) 


Figure 848.—Eriochloa lemmoni. Plant, & 1; floret, 
X 10. (Peebles and Harrison 4703, Ariz.) 


long, the rachis scabrous only; spike- 
lets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, appressed- 
pubescent, except toward the tip, the 
glume and sterile lemma acuminate; 
fruit 2 mm. long, the slender awn 
about 0.6mm.long. © (EH. ramosa 


590 


Kuntze.)—Introduced on the univer- 
sity campus at Tucson, Ariz.; Cuba; 
tropical Asia. 


Figure 849.—Eriochloa procera, X 10. (Griffiths 1516, 


Ariz.) 


5. Eriochloa gracilis (Fourn.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 850.) Annual; culms 
erect or decumbent at base, 40 to 100 
em. tall; blades flat, glabrous, mostly 
5 to 10 mm. wide; racemes several to 
numerous, approximate, ascending to 
shghtly spreading, 2 to 4 em. long, 
the axis and rachis softly pubescent, 
the pedicels short-pilose; spikelets 4 
to 5 mm. long, rather sparsely ap- 
pressed-pubescent, acuminate, or the 
glume sometimes tapering into an 
awn-point as much as 1 mm. long; 
sterile lemma empty; fruit about 3 
mm. long, apiculate. © —Open 
ground, often a weed in fields, Okla- 
homa and western Texas to southern 
California, south through the high- 
lands of Mexico. (This species has 
been referred to E. acuminata (Presl) 
Kunth, an unidentified species of 
Mexico.) 

ERIOCHLOA GRACILIS var. MINOR 
(Vasey) Hitche. Mostly smaller, with 
more crowded, less acuminate spike- 
lets, the pedicels with a few long hairs 
at the summit; fertile lemma about 
as long as the glume and sterile lemma 
(excluding the short points), obtuse 
or slightly apiculate. © —Open 
ground, Texas, New Mexico, and 
Arizona; Mexico. 

6. Eriochloa  contracta  Hitche. 
PRAIRIE cupGRASS. (Fig. 851.) An- 
nual; culms erect or sometimes de- 
cumbent at base, pubescent at least 
about the nodes, 30 to 70 cm. tall; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


blades pubescent, usually not more 
than 5 mm. wide; panicle usually less 
than 15 cm. long, contracted, cylin- 
dric, the racemes appressed, closely 
overlapping, 1 to 2 cm. long, the axis 
and rachises villous; spikelets 3.5 to 
4 mm. long, excluding the awn-tip, 
appressed-villous; glume awn-tipped; 
sterile lemma slightly shorter, acumi- 
nate, empty; fruit 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 
with an awn nearly 1 mm. long. © 
—QOpen ground, ditches, low fields, 
and wet places, Nebraska to Col- 
orado, Louisiana and Arizona; intro- 
duced in Missouri and Virginia. Dif- 
fering from HH. gracilis in the pubes- 
cent folage, subcylindric panicle, and 
the awned fruit. 

7. Eriochloa punctata (L.) Desv. 
(Fig. 852.) Perennial; culms in tufts, 
usually 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, 
mostly 5 to 10 mm. wide, glabrous; 
racemes several, ascending, overlap- 
ping, 3 to 5 cm. long, the axis, ra- 
chises, and pedicels scabrous only; 
spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, lanceolate, 
rather sparsely appressed-pilose; 
glume tapering to an awn-point about 
1 mm. long; sterile lemma a little 
shorter than the glume, empty; fruit 
about half as long as the glume, with 
an awn 1mm.longormore. 2 — 
Marshes, river banks, and moist 
ground, southwestern Louisiana and 
southern Texas; American Tropics. 

8. Eriochloa michaaxti (Poir.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 853.) Perennial; culms 
erect, rather stout, 60 to 120 cm. tall; 
blades flat or, on the innovations, some- 
times involute, elongate, 2 to 14 mm. 
wide, usually less than 1 cm., glabrous; 
racemes ascending or spreading, usu- 
ally numerous, 3 to 5 or even to 15 
em. long, the axis 15 to 30 cm. long, 
this and the rachises densely velvety- 
pubescent; spikelets narrowly ovate, 
4 to 5 mm. long, appressed-villous, 
acute; sterile floret usually with a 
well-developed palea and stamens; 
fruit 3 to 4 mm. long, hirsutulous at 
apex, apiculate or with an awn not 
more than 0.3 mm. long. 2 (&. 
mollis Junth.)—Brackish or fresh 
meadows and marshes and sandy 


Fiaure 850. 


(fers 
c= 


Eg 


—Eriochloa gracilis. Plant, X 14; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (McDougal, Ariz.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


we 


& 
ZOE ni Pe 
\ 


Sy 
SSN 
SWS 


_= 


eS 
=! 


= 


AAS 
ANE 


B 


LTE: 


TOL S 
+ 


o91 


592 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGurRe# 851.—Eriochloa con- 
tracta. Panicle, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Hitchcock 13420, 
Tex.) 


prairies, southeastern Georgia and 
Florida. A form with narrow blades 


SSS 


SORES 


Figure 852.—Eriochloa punctata. Panicle, X 1; floret, 


X 10. (Hitchcock 9661, Jamaica.) 


Ficure 853.—Eriochloa michauzii. Plant, X 1; floret, 
X 10. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 297, Fla.) 


and relatively few racemes, the axis 
and rachis puberulent, has been de- 
scribed as EH. mollis var. longifolia 
Vasey. It grades into the typical 
form with broader blades and more 
numerous racemes; the sterile floret 
contains a staminate flower. 

ERIOCHLOA MICHAUXII var. SIMP- 
sO6nr Hitche. Resembling the narrow- 
leaved form of the species; racemes 
few, appressed; sterile lemma empty. 
2  —Moist places, Fort Myers to 
Cape Sable, Fla. 


EriocuLoa vitLé6sa (Thunb.) Kunth. 
Tall annual with few to several racemes, the 
rachis and pedicels very woolly, the rather 
blunt, turgid pubescent spikelets about 5 
mm. long. © —Ballast, near Portland, 
Oreg., occasionally cultivated; adventive in 
Colorado. Eastern Asia. (Had been confused 
with EZ. nelsoni Scribn. and Smith of Mexico.) 


133. BRACHIARIA (Trin.) Griseb. 


Spikelets solitary, rarely in pairs, subsessile, in 2 rows on one side of a 
3-angled, sometimes narrowly winged rachis, the first glume turned toward 
the rachis; first glume short to nearly as long as the spikelet; second glume and 
sterile lemma about equal, 5- to 7-nerved, the lemma enclosing a hyaline palea 
and sometimes a staminate flower; fertile lemma indurate, usually papillose- 
rugose, the margins inrolled, the apex rarely mucronate or bearing a short 
awn. Branching and spreading annuals or perennials, with linear blades and 
several spreading or appressed racemes approximate along a common axis. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


593 


Type species, Brachiaria erucaeformis. Name from Latin brachium, arm, 


alluding to the armlike racemes. 


Spikelets densely silky-pubescent; plants perennial..............00..0.220...2.. Ne 


Spikelets glabrous; plants annual. 


Spikelet flat-beaked beyond the fruit........ 
Spikelet not beaked beyond the fruit.......... 


ace = ee 


RQ 


o. 
SLC: 
Oo y 

Ww SS 


WS 
‘y 


VOX 
CAN AS Kale 
SAN IMP 
SNE ier ya 
X . 7 AN 
Sa 1 AVG 
Sh Uy ca 
Aw / LBs 
Say An ZE 
Sie 
\ 
< 


WAY. 


B. CILIATISSIMA. 


2. 3B. PLATYPHYLLA. 
3. B. PLANTAGINEBA. 


Figure 854.—Brachiaria ciliatissima. Panicle, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


1. Brachiaria ciliatissima (Buckl.) 
Chase. (Fig. 854.) Perennial, pro- 
ducing long leafy stolons with short 
internodes, rooting at the swollen 
nodes, the blades short, firm, divari- 
cately spreading; flowering culms 
erect or ascending, 15 to 40 cm. tall, 
the nodes bearded; sheaths sparsely 
to densely pilose; blades 3 to 7 cm. 
long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, tapering to a 
sharp point, usually ciliate along the 
lower part of the thick white margin; 
panicle finally long-exserted, 3 to 6 
em. long, the few branches erect or 
ascending, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets 
4 mm. long; first glume three-fourths 
the length of the spikelet, glabrous; 
second glume and sterile lemma 
about equal, 5-nerved, the marginal 
part densely white-silky; fruit 3 mm. 
long. 2 —Open sandy ground, 
Texas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas 
(Benton County). 

2. Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) 
Nash. (Fig. 855.) Annual; culms 
decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes; 
blades rather thick, 4 to 12 cm. long, 
6 to 12 mm. wide; panicle short- 
exserted or included at base; racemes 
2 to 6, distant, 3 to 8 cm. long, as- 
cending or spreading, the rachis 


winged, 2 mm. wide; spikelets ovate, 
4 to 4.5 mm. long, about 2 mm. wide; 
first glume scarcely one-third the 
length of the spikelet, blunt; second 
glume and sterile lemma equal, ex- 
ceeding the fruit and forming a flat 
beak beyond it, 3- to 5-nerved, with 
transverse veinlets toward the sum- 
mit; fruit 3 mm. long, elliptic, 
papillose-roughened. © (AB. eatensa 
Chase.)—Low, sandy, open ground, 
Georgia, Florida; Missouri; Arkansas, 
southern Louisiana, Texas, and Okla- 
homa; Cuba. 

3. Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) 
Hitche. (Fig. 856.) Resembling B. 
platyphylla, more widely creeping, 
usually taller, blades commonly 
wider; rachis 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, the 
margins infolded; first glume strongly 
clasping; transverse veinlets wanting 
or obscure on the second glume and 
sterile lemma, these not pointed be- 
yond the fruit. © —Open, mostly 
moist, ground, Metcalf, Ga.; ballast, 
Philadelphia, Pa., and Camden, N. J.; 
Mexico to Bolivia and Brazil. 

Brachiaria erucaeformis (J. E. 
Smith) Griseb. (Fig. 857.) Spreading 
annual with rather delicate erect 
racemes and pubescent spikelets 2.5 


/ 


594 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


mm. long. © —Has been culti- 
vated in grass gardens, occasionally 
escaped. Old World. 

Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) 
Hitche. Creeping leafy perennial; 
culms 25 to 60 ecm. long; blades 
flat, 5 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide; racemes mostly 3 to 5, spread- 
ing, rather distant; spikelets 3.5 to 
4 mm. long, elliptic, glabrous. 2 
—Occasionally planted in southern 
Florida, thriving in dry weather and 
showing some promise as a forage 
76 grass. Asia. 


Ficure 855.—Brachiaria platyphylla. Plant, X 4%; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Nealley, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 9995 


Figure 856.—Brachiaria plantaginea. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, K 10. (Pringle 
3904, Mex.) 


Figure 857.—Brachiaria erucaeformis. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Cult.) 


134. AXONOPUS Beauv. 


Spikelets depressed-biconvex, not turgid, oblong, usually obtuse, solitary, 
subsessile, and alternate, in 2 rows on one side of a 3-angled rachis, the back 
of the fertile lemma turned from the rachis; first glume wanting; second glume 
and sterile lemma equal, the lemma without a palea; fertile lemma and palea 
indurate, the lemma oblong-elliptic, usually obtuse, the margins slightly 
inrolled. Stoloniferous or tufted perennials, rarely annuals, with usually flat 
or folded, abruptly rounded or somewhat pointed blades, and few or numerous, 
slender spikelike racemes, digitate or racemose along the main axis. Type 
species, Axonopus compressus. Name from Greek axon, axis, and pous, foot. 

One of the species, A. affinds, is a predominant pasture grass in the alluvial 
or mucky soil of the southern Coastal Plain. It is of little importance on sandy 
soil and does not thrive on the uplands. Axronopus compressus is used as a lawn 
grass, for which purpose it is propagated by setting out joints of the stolons. 


Spikelets 4 to § mm. long, glabrous; midnerve of glume and sterile lemma evident. 
: 1. A. FURCATUS. 
Spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, sparsely appressed-silky; midnerve of glume and sterile lemma 


suppressed. 
Second glume and sterile lemma scarcely, if at all, pointed beyond the fruit; blades 2 to 
4 mm., rarely to 6 mm., wide; nodes glabrous .................-...-.--0--------- 3. <A. AFFINIS. 


Second glume and sterile lemma distinctly pointed beyond the fruit; blades mostly 8 to 
lOmmms-widesmnodes oftentbearded’. =... 2. “A. COMPRESSUS, 


596 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 858.—Azonopus furcatus. Plant, X 1; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Combs 1205, Fla.) 


1. Axonopus furcatus (Fligge) 
Hitche. (Fig. 858.) Plants stolo- 
niferous; culms compressed, tufted, 
erect, or decumbent at base, 40 to 
100 cm. tall; blades flat, mostly 5 
to 10 mm. wide, glabrous, ciliate, or 
even hirsute; racemes 2, digitate, 
rarely a third below, spreading, 5 to 
10 cm. long; spikelets 4 to 5 mm. 
long (rarely less), glabrous, acute, 
glume and sterile lemma 5-nerved; 
fruit about two-thirds as long as 
the spikelet.. 2| —Marshes, river 
banks, and moist pine barrens, on 
the Coastal Plain, southeastern Vir- 
ginia to Florida, Texas, and Ar- 
kansas. (The name Anastrophus pas- 
paloides has been misapplied to this 
species. Digitaria paspalodes Michx., 
upon which it is based, is Paspalum 
distichum L.) 

2. Axonopus cempréssus (Swartz) 
Beauv. (Fig. 859.) Stoloniferous; 
culms 15 to 50 ecm. tall, relatively 
stout, compressed, the nodes usually 
densely pubescent; stolons elongate 
with short internodes and_ short, 
broad, obtuse blades; culm blades 
8 to 25 cm. long, mostly 8 to 12 mm. 
wide, the uppermost greatly reduced, 
the margins ciliate; racemes 2 to 5, 
mostly 4 to 8 cm. long, ascending, 
the upper two conjugate, the others 
remote on the axis; spikelets 2.2 to 
2.5, occasionally to 2.8, mm. long, 
sparsely pilose, the second glume and 


sterile lemma distinctly pointed be- 
yond the fruit. 2! —Moist ground, 
roadsides, and waste places, southern 
Florida and Louisiana; Mexico and 
the West Indies to Bolivia and Brazil. 

3. Axonopus affinis Chase. (Fig. 
860.) Tufted or stoloniferous; culms 
slender, glabrous, 25 to 35 em. tall, 
rarely as much as 75 cm., sometimes 
forming dense mats; sheaths com- 
pressed, keeled; blades as much as 
28 cm. long, usually less than 15 cm., 
2 to 6 mm. wide, flat or folded; 
racemes 2 to 4, 2 to 10 cm. long, 
ascending; spikelets 2 mm. long, 
oblong-elliptic, subacute, the second 
glume and sterile lemma covering the 
fruit or slightly pointed beyond it, 
sparsely silky-pilose. 2 —Moist 
mucky or sandy meadows, open woods 
and waste places, North Carolina to 
Florida and west to Oklahoma and 
Texas; Cuba and southern Mexico; 
Venezuela and Colombia to Argen- 
tina. Naturalized and common in 
Australia. 


135. REIMAROCHLOA Hitche. 

Spikelets strongly dorsally com- 
pressed, lanceolate, acuminate, rather 
distant, subsessile, and alternate in 
2 rows along one side of a narrow, 
flattened rachis, the back of the 
fertile lemma turned toward it; both 
glumes wanting, or the second some- 
times present in the terminal spike- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


597 


Figure 860.—Aczonopus affinis. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


free nearly half its length. Spreading 
or stoloniferous perennials, with flat 
blades and slender racemes, these 


‘ subdigitate or racemose along a short 


axis, stiffly spreading or reflexed at 
maturity. Type species, Rezrmaria 
acuta Fligge (Reimarochloa acuta 
Hitche.). Named for J. A. H. Rei- 
marus, and Greek chloa, grass. 

1. Reimarochloa oligostachya 
(Munro) Hitche. (Fig. 861.) Gla- 
brous; culms compressed, often long- 
decumbent and rooting at the lower 
nodes, the flowering shoots, 20 to 
40 em. tall; sheaths loose; blades 2 
to 4 mm. wide; racemes 1 to 4, 
mostly 2 or 3, 5 to 8 em. long; spike- 


Figure 859.—Azonopus compressus. Plant, X 14; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Combs 413, Fla.) 


let; sterile lemma about equaling the 
fruit, the sterile palea obsolete; fer- 
tile lemma scarcely indurate, faintly 
nerved, acuminate, the margins in- 
rolled at the base only, the palea 


lets about 5 mm. long. 2 (fe- 
maria oligostachya Munro.)—In water 
or wet soil, Florida; Cuba. In general 
aspect resembles Paspalum vaginatum 


- Swartz. 


598 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 861.—Reimarochloa oligostachya. Plant, X pie views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 3596A, 
a. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 599 


136. PASPALUM L. 


Spikelets planoconvex, usually obtuse, subsessile, solitary or in pairs, in 
2 rows on one side of a narrow or dilated rachis, the back of the fertile lemma 
toward it; first glume usually wanting; second glume and sterile lemma com- 
monly about equal, the former rarely wanting; fertile lemma usually obtuse, 
chartaceous-indurate, the margins inrolled. Perennials in the United States 
(except P. boscianum and P. convezum), with one to many spikelike racemes, 
solitary, paired, or several to many on a common axis. Type species, Paspalum 
dissectum. Name from Greek paspalos, a kind of millet. 

Several species inhabiting meadows and savannas furnish considerable 
forage. Paspalum dilatatum is valuable for pasture, especially for dairy cattle 
in the Southern States, where it has been cultivated under the name water 
grass and recently Dallis grass. In the Hawaiian Islands, Australia, and some 
other countries, where it is called paspalum or paspalum grass, it is valuable 
as a pasture grass. P. pubiflorum var. glabrum is rather abundant in some 
regions and is considered a good forage grass. Vasey grass, P. urvillez, is used to 
a limited extent for hay and, when young, for pasture; the panicles, after the 
spikelets have fallen, also make excellent whisk brooms for brushing lint. 
In the Southern States (Virginia to Florida and even to California) P. distich- 
um, because of its extensively creeping stolons, is useful for holding banks of 
streams and ditches. 


la. Rachis foliaceous, broad and winged. 
Racemes falling from the axis, rachis extending beyond the uppermost spikelet. 
P. FLUITANS. 
Racemes persistent on the axis; rachis with a spikelet at the apex. 
Spikelets’ Zammelongobovate-oval__. 2... 2A 1. P. DISSECTUM. 
Spikelets more than 3 mm. long, pointed......................2-.2--. 2. P. ACUMINATUM. 
1b. Rachis not foliaceous nor winged (slightly winged in P. boscianum). 
2a. Racemes 2, conjugate or nearly so at the summit of the culm, rarely a third below. 
Spikelets elliptic to narrowly ovate. 
Plants with creeping rhizomes or stolons. 
Second glume and sterile lemma glabrous; spikelets flattened 4. P. VAGINATUM. 
Second glume pubescent; spikelets relatively turgid... 5. P. pISTICHUM. 
Plants in dense tufts, without creeping rhizomes............-.--------------- 11. P. ALMuM. 
Spikelets suborbicular, broadly ovate or obovate. 
Spikelets concavo-convex, sparsely long-silky around the margin; plant stoloniferous. 
P. CONJUGATUM. 
Spikelets plano-convex, not silky-margined; plants not stoloniferous. 
Sjikeletsvortovo-ormam, LOM gues soc tee 9. P. NOTATUM. 
Spikelets: 2ato,-2rovmmmm lone.c2: toe Ute a ee 102 -P. MINUS: 
2b. Racemes 1 to many, racemose on the axis, not conjugate. 
3a. First glume developed on at least one of the pair of spikelets (often obsolete in some 
pairs in Nos. 22 and 28). 


Nolkelevsitonpiciiy dovconvex: sl. coke Sy ee ee 48. P. BIFIDUM. 
Spikelets plano-convex. 
Plants without rhizomes; culms tufted; spikelets pubescent_........ 24. PP. LANGEI. 
Plants with stout scaly rhizomes; culms mostly solitary; spikelets glabrous. 
BladestlateStto db,mmwide:.t: 28sec 22. P. UNISPICATUM. 


Blades folded at base, terete above, not more than 2 mm. wide. 
23. P. MONOSTACHYUM. 
3b. First glume normally wanting (occasionally developed on 1 to few spikelets in a 
raceme). 
4a. Racemes terminal and axillary, the axillary sometimes hidden in the sheaths and 
perfecting grains cleistogamously, terminal inflorescence of 1 to 3, rarely to 6 
racemes (see also P. unispicatum and P. monostachyum). 
5a. Spikelets not more than 1.8 mm. long (or sometimes 1.9 in P. debile and P. 
propinquum), usually 1.5 to 1.7 mm. (see also exceptional P. ciliatifolium). 
Blades conspicuously ciliate, otherwise nearly glabrous. 


600 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Blades relatively short, rounded at base and recurved-ascending; foliage 
aggregate toward the base, the upper culm relatively naked; spikelets 


glabrous, mostly 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long...... 12. P. LoNGEPEDUNCULATUM. 
Blades mostly elongate, suberect, not ageregate toward the base; spikelets 
pubescent, 1.7 to 1.9 mm. long oe Nace eee a, 20. P. PROPINQUUM. 


Blades and sheaths conspicuously pubescent throughout. 
Culms slender, erect or suberect; foliage not aggregate at base; blades sub- 
erect, usually not more than 5 mm. wide... 13. P. SETACEUM. 
Culms stouter, mostly spreading; foliage more or less aggregate at base; blades 
spreading, usually more than 5 mm. wide.......----- 14. P. DEBILE. 
db. ee 2 to 2.5 mm. long (or 1.8 to 1.9 mm. in P. ciliatifolium and P. propin-~ 

quum 

Foliage, except margins, glabrous as a whole or nearly so (sparsely pubescent in 
exceptional P. ciliati folium and lower sheaths usually pubescent in P. rigid- 


ifolium). 
Blades stiff, usually not more than 6 mm. wide; spikelets mostly 2.2 to 2.4 mm. 
TOT Geer € Fer Bee CTY tie ne lene Peres 21. P. RIGIDIFOLIUM. 


Blades from lax to rather firm, if firm more than 6 mm. wide; spikelets not 
more than 2.1 mm. long. 
Spikelets mostly 2 mm. hee rounded at summit; blades mostly more than 
O5) FRIES WAC oe er ts ee 19. P. CILIATIFOLIUM. 
pu 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, slightly pointed; blades not more than 8 mm. 
26 [: ears Ne Dee oP aaM eT cM cee, Sa A 20. P. PROPINQUUM. 
Foliage Pie see earns pubescent (or sparsely so in exceptional specimens of P. 
pubescens). 
Culms erect or nearly so. 
Blades from sparsely to rather densely pilose, rather thin. 
18. P. PUBESCENS. 
Blades puberulent on both surfaces with long hairs intermixed or the lower 
surface nearly or quite glabrous except for a few long hairs along midrib 
and margin, usually rather firm... 17. P. STRAMINEUM. 
Culms widely spreading or prostrate. 
Foliage coarsely hirsute; plants commonly relatively stout. 
15. P. sUPINUM. 
Foliage finely puberulent; plants usually grayish olivaceous. 
16. P. PSAMMOPHILUM. 
4b. Racemes terminal on the primary culm or leafy branches, no truly axillary 
racemes. 
6a. Spikelets conspicuously silky-ciliate around the margin, the hairs as long as 
the spikelet or longer. 
Racemes commonly 38 to 5; culms geniculate at base____...... 32. P. DILATATUM. 
Racemes commonly 12 to 18; culms erect.......----.------------------- 33. P. URVILLEL 
6b. Spikelets not ciliate. 
7a. Fruit dark brown and shining. 
Plants perennial; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 mm. long, elliptic or obovate-oval. 
Spikelets obovate, turgid, the sterile lemma wrinkled; culms erect, densely 


CESDITOSC 02sec ek ee ee ee 43. P. PLICATULUM. 
cee elliptic, depressed, not turgid; culms decumbent or floating at the 
ase. 
Plants terrestrial, culms decumbent at base.........._..... 44, P, TEXANUM. 
Plants aquatic, lower part of culms floating........45. P. HYDROPHILUM. 
Plants annual; spikelets 2 to 3 mm. long, suborbicular or broadly obovate. 
Spikelets suborbicular, 2 to 2.2 mm. long, glabrous........ 46. P. BOSCIANUM. 


Spikelets broadly obovate, 2.2 to 3 mm. long, pubescent. 
47. P. CONVEXUM. 
7b. Fruit pale to stramineous (brown but not shining in P. virgatum). 
8a. Plants robust, 1 to 2 m. tall. 
Spikelets pubescent at least toward the summit; fruit brown at maturity. 
42. P. VIRGATUM. 
Spikelets glabrous; fruit pale. 
Culms ascending; leaves crowded toward the base.... 39. P. DIFFORME. 
Culms erect or suberect, leafy throughout. 
Glume and sterile lemma slightly inflated and wrinkled, green. 
40. P. FLORIDANUM. 
Glume and sterile lemma not inflated and wrinkled, rusty-tinged. 
P. GIGANTEUM. 


8b. Plants not robust, if more than 1 m. tall, culms relatively slender. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


601 


9a. Spikelets suborbicular or broadly obovate or broadly oval. 


Spikelets turgidly plano-convex, 3.5 to 4 mm. long... 39. 


P., DIFFORME. 


Spikelets depressed plano-convex or lenticular, 2.2 to 3.4 mm. long. 
Spikelets solitary; glume and sterile lemma firm. 
Spikelets orbicular, 3 to 3.2 mm. long, scarcely one-third as thick; 
blades usually equaling the base of the panicle or overtopping it. 


36. P. CIRCULARE. 


Spikelets longer than broad, more than one-third as thick; panicle 
usually much exceeding the blades. _ 
Sheaths and blades pilose, mostly conspicuously so. 


35. P. LONGIPILUM. 


Sheaths and blades from glabrous to sparsely pilose. 


34, 2P) LABVE: 


Spikelets paired and solitary in the same raceme (rarely all solitary or 


all paired). 


Spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. (rarely to 2.8 mm.) long; foliage not con- 
37 


spicuously villous 


P. PRAECOX. 


Spikelets 2.7 to 3.4 mm. long; lower sheaths and blades mostly con- 
spicuously villous at least at base............ 38. P. LENTIFERUM. 
9b. Spikelets elliptic to oval or obovate. 
Culms decumbent at base, rooting at the lower nodes (occasional plants 
in dry situations erect), branching. 
Spikelets turgidly plano-convex, 3 to 3.2 mm. long; culms rather stout. 


P, PUBIFLORUM. 


Spikelets depressed plano-convex; culms rather slender. 


Spikelets glabrous....... 
Spikelets pubescent..... 


pein nana oer ces RO og i ee 7. P. LIVIDUM. 
BSE ey neler We EC ot 8. P. HARTWEGIANUM. 


Culms erect to spreading, not rooting at the nodes. 
Racemes solitary, rarely paired; spikelets usually solitary, 1.8 to 1.6 


mime lonig si Gs: 


see ne te eh eme) | SCORN cere 30. 


P. SAUGETII. 


Racemes 2 or more, commonly 3 to 8. 
Spikelets about 1.3 mm. long, obovate, glandular-pubescent. 


25. P. BLODGETTII. 


Spikelets 1.5 mm. or more long, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, the ob- 
scure pubescence not glandular. : 
Nodes or some of them appressed-pilose; spikelets green or purplish. 
2 


P. CAESPITOSUM. 


Nodes glabrous; spikelets pale or brownish. 
Spikelets 1.7 to 2 mm. long; racemes slender, lax. 
Foliage glabrous or nearly so; spikelets elliptic-obovate. 


24.) ea eAUMe 


Foliage softly pilose; spikelets broadly ovate. 


29. P. VIRLETII. 


Spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long; racemes rigid. 


1. Dissécta.—Blades flat; rachis foli- 
aceous. Aquatics, subaquatics, 
or plants of wet ground. 

1. Paspalum disséctum (L.)  L. 
(Fig. 862.) Glabrous, olive green, 
creeping, freely branching, the flower- 
ing branches ascending, 20 to 60 cm. 
long; blades thin, 3 to 6 cm. long, 
4 to 5 mm. wide; panicles terminal 
and axillary, the racemes 2 to 4, 
usually erect, 2 to 3 cm. long; rachis 
2 to 3 mm. wide; spikelets solitary, 
obovate, subacute, 2 mm. long. 2 
—On muddy and sandy banks of 
ponds and ditches or in shallow water, 
New Jersey; Illinois to Oklahoma, 
south to Florida and Texas; Cuba. 


28. P. PLEOSTACHYUM. 


2. Paspalum acuminatum Raddii. 
(Fig. 863.) Culms decumbent at base, 
sometimes extensively creeping, 30 
to 100 em. long; blades 4 to 12 cm. 
long; 5 to 12 mm. wide; racemes 3 
to 5, erect or ascending, 3.5 to 7 
cm. long; rachis 3 to 3.6 mm. wide; 
spikelets solitary, 3.5 mm. long, 
abruptly pointed. 2  —In shallow 
water or wet open ground, from 
southern Louisiana and Texas to 
Argentina. 

3. Paspalum fliitans (E1l.) Kunth. 
(Fig. 864.) Annual aquatic; culms 
mostly submerged, rooting at the 
nodes, 30 to 100 cm. long; sheaths 


602 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Ficure 862.—Paspalum dissectum. Panicle, X 1; two 
mee of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Commons 85, 
el. 


glabrous or pilose, with an _ erect 
auricle 1 to 5 mm. long on each 
side, the sheaths of the floating 
branches inflated, commonly long- 
hirsute and purple-spotted; blades 
usually 10 to 20 em. long, 10 to 15 
mm. wide (sometimes 25 cm. long 
and 2.5 cm. wide); panicles mostly 
10 to 15 cm. long, of numerous 
ascending, spreading or recurved 
racemes, 3 to 8 cm. long, falling 


f ZB 
- y TH 
a V4 ZA 7 
/ y LI p 
7 SS : a ———e 7 
\ : 4 t Lp Y, 
. EF f 
SS ‘x \ = 
SS 
\ NS 
ly \\ 


Figure 863.—Paspalum acuminatum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Arséne 
3132, Mex.) 


entire, the rachis 1.3 to 2 mm. wide; 
spikelets solitary, elliptic, 1.3 to 1.8 
mm. long, acute or acuminate, pilose 
with delicate hairs, sometimes ob- 
scurely so, the sterile lemma with a 
V-shaped pink marking at base. © 
—(P. mucronatum Muhl.; included 
in P. repens Bergius in Manual, ed. 
1.) Floating in sluggish streams or 
standing water or creeping in wet 
places, Virginia to Illinois, Kansas 


Fiaure 864.—Paspalum fluitans. Panicle, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Combs 912, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


603 


Figure 865.—Paspalum vaginatum. Panicle, X 1 pais views of spikelet, and floret, & 10. (Hitchcock 9866, 
amaica. 


and Oklahoma, south to Florida and 
Texas; Venezuela. 

PASPALUM RACEMOSUM Lam. Branching 
annual; blades 5 to 12 cm. long, 1 to 2 em. 
wide; panicles tawny to purple; racemes 
numerous, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets about 
2.7 mm. long, pointed; sterile lemma trans- 
versely fluted each side of the midnerve. 
© -—Sometimes cultivated for ornament. 
Peru. 


2. Disticha.—Creeping, with wiry 
compressed culms and_ stolons 
or rhizomes; racemes mostly 2, 
paired or approximate. 

4, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz. 
(Fig. 865.) Flowering culms 8 to 60 
em. tall; sheaths usually overlapping; 
blades 2.5 to 15 em. long, 3 to 8 mm. 
wide, tapering to an involute apex; 
racemes at first erect, usually spread- 
ing or reflexed at maturity, 2 to 5 cm. 
long; rachis 1 to 2 mm. wide; spike- 
lets solitary, 3.5 to 4mm. long, ovate- 
lanceolate, acute, pale-stramineous; 
first glume rarely developed; mid- 
nerve of the second glume and sterile 
lemma usually suppressed. 2 — 
Seacoasts and brackish sands, often 
forming extensive colonies, North 
Carolina to Florida and Texas, south 
to Argentina; tropics of Eastern 
Hemisphere. 

5. Paspalum distichum L. Kwnor- 
GRAss. (Fig. 866.) Resembling P. 
vaginatum, sometimes with exten- 


FicuRE 866. —Paspalum distichum. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 9394, 
Jamaica.) 


sively creeping stolons with pubescent 
nodes; racemes 2 to 7 cm. long, com- 
monly incurved; spikelets 2.5 to 3.5 
mm. long, elliptic, abruptly acute, 
pale green; first glume frequently de- 


604 


veloped; second glume appressed- 
pubescent, the midnerve in glume and 
sterile lemma developed. 2 — 
Ditches and wet, rarely brackish 
places, New Jersey to Florida and 
Texas, Tennessee, and Arkansas, 
west to California and north along 
the coast to Washington; Idaho; 
south to Argentina; warm coasts of 
the Eastern Hemisphere. 

PASPALUM PAUCISPICATUM Vasey. 
Resembling vigorous specimens of P. 
distichum, but with 3 to 5 racemes 
with mostly paired spikelets. 2) — 
A specimen collected by Palmer in 
1888, said:‘to be from “Southern Cali- 
fornia,’ is in the United States Na- 
tional Herbarium. The locality is 
doubtful, the species ranging from 
Sonora to Oaxaca. 


FicurRE 867.—Paspalum pubiflorum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 
5555, Mex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


3. Livida—Culms compressed; ra- 
cemes few to several, mostly 
plants of alkaline soil. 

6. Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex 
Fourn. (Fig. 867.) Culms decumbent 
at base, 40 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths, 
at least the lower, sparsely papillose- 
pilose; blades flat, usually 10 to 15 
cm. long, 6 to 14 mm. wide, usually 
with a few stiff hairs at the rounded 
base; racemes mostly 3 to 5, 2 to 10 
cm. long, rather thick, erect to spread- 
ing, the rachis 1.2 to 2 mm. wide; 
spikelets obovate, pubescent, about 3 
mm.long. 2 (P. hallii Vasey and 
Scribn.)—Moist open ground, banks, 
low woods, along streams and irriga- 
tion ditches, especiaily in alkaline 
clay soil, Louisiana and Texas; Mex- 
ico and western Cuba. 

PASPALUM PUBIFLORUM var. GLA- 
BRUM Vasey ex Scribn. Somewhat 
more robust, the sheaths less pilose, 
the racemes commonly longer and 


Figure 868.—Paspalum lividum. Panicle, X 1; two 
viene of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Arséne 3176, 
Mex. 


hy OE Nal p 
mace weir nt SS, Sng To 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


often more than 5; spikelets glabrous. 
A (P.geminum Nash; P. laeviglume 
Seribn.)—Moist low open ground, 
woods, and ditch banks, North Caro- 
lina, Ohio, and Indiana to Florida, 
west to Kansas and Texas; adventive, 
Chester, Pa. 

7. Paspalum lividum Trin. Lonc- 
Tom. (Fig. 868.) Glabrous; culms soli- 
tary or few in a tuft, from a decum- 
bent or creeping base, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades 15 to 25 cm. long, 3 to 6 
mm. wide; racemes usually 4 to 7, as- 
cending, flexuous; rachis 1.5 to 2 mm. 
wide, dark livid purple; spikelets 2 to 
2.5 mm. long, obovate, subacute. 2 
—Low ground, wet savannas, and 
swamps, and along streams and 
ditches, Alabama to Texas and Mex- 
ico, south to Argentina; Cuba. 


605 


to 9 em. long; rachis 1 to 1.5 mm. 
wide; spikelets imbricate, about 3 
mm. long, elliptic, apiculate, softly 
pubescent. 2 (P. buckleyanum 
Vasey.)—Wet prairies, alkaline mead- 
ows, and along irrigation ditches, 
sometimes growing in the water, 
southern Texas and throughout Mex- 
GO: 


4, Notata—Culms in dense tufts, 
compressed, leafy at base; 
sheaths keeled; racemes 2, rarely 
3, paired or nearly so; spikelets 
solitary, glabrous. 

9. Paspalum notatum Fligge. Ba- 
HIA GRASS. (Fig. 870.) Culms 15 to 50 
cm. tall from a short, stout, woody, 
horizontal rhizome; blades flat or 
folded; racemes recurved-ascending, 
usually 4 to 7 cm. long; spikelets 


FIGURE 869.—Paspalum hartwegianum. Panicle, X 1 
ne mare of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Buckley, 
ex. 


8. Paspalum hartwegianum Fourn. 
(Fig. 869.) Culms ascending from a 
decumbent base, 50 to 150 em. tall; 
blades 10 to 35 cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. 
wide, the margins very scabrous; 
racemes usually 4 to 7, ascending, 2 


FiGuRE 870.—Paspalum notatum. Panicle, X 1; two 
mene of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 6639, 


ovate to obovate, 3 to 3.5 mm. long, 
smooth and shining. 2 —Intro- 
duced sparingly in New Jersey, North 
Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, and 
Texas; Mexico and the West Indies 
to South America. 


606 


PASPALUM NOTATUM var. SAURAE 
Parodi. A more hardy form, 40 to 70 
em. tall, with blades to 35 em. long, 
the racemes 2 or 3, rarely to 5, sub- 
erect, the spikelets 2.8 to 3 mm. long, 
is showing promise of becoming an 
important forage and erosion-control 
grass in the Southern States. This has 
been found in lawns at Wilmington, 
N. C., Pensacola, Fla., and in several 
localities in Texas. It has been called 
the ‘‘Pensacola strain.’”? An introduc- 
tion from Paraguay belongs to this 
form and has come to be known as the 
‘“‘Paraguay strain.” It has been con- 
fused with Paspalum minus Fourn., a 
distinct species that occurs in a few 
localities in Texas. 2 —Paraguay 
and Argentina. 


Ficure 871.—Paspalum minus. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type coll.) 


10. Paspalum minus Fourn. (Fig. 
871.) Resembling P. notatum, com- 
monly in denser mats; culms rarely 
more than 30 cm. tall; racemes more 
slender; spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long, 
less shining than those of P. notatum. 
21 —Open slopes and savannas, 
eastern Texas; Mexico to West Indies 
and Paraguay. 

11. Paspalum almum Chase. 
CoMBS PASPALUM. (Fig. 872.) Culms 
in very dense tufts; blades flat, 2 to 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 872.—Paspalum almum. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


3mm. wide, long-hirsute on the upper 
surface at base, papillose-hirsute on 
the lower surface toward the ends, 
the margins stiffly ciliate toward 
base; racemes slender, approximate, 
scarcely paired, occasionally 3, as- 

cending, 5 to 9 cm. long; rachis 1 

mm. wide, minutely wing-margined; 

spikelets 3 mm. long, 1.8 to 2 mm. 

wide, obovate-elliptic; sterile lemma 

slightly concave. 2 —Sandy or 
silty clay loam, Jefferson County, 

Tex.; Brazil, Paraguay, and Argen- 

tina. An excellent forage grass. 

5. Setacea.—Culms compressed from 
a knotted base or very short rhi- 
zome; blades mostly flat; inflo- 
rescence terminal and axillary, the 
axillary sometimes hidden in the 
sheaths; racemes 1 to few, slen- 
der, subcylindric; spikelets in 
pairs, crowded. Species closely 
related with frequent intergrades. 

12. Paspalum longepeduncul4tum 

LeConte. (Fig. 873.) Culms slender, 

ascending or suberect, 25 to 80 cm. 

tall; leaves mostly aggregate at the 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


base, the sheaths ciliate on the mar- 
gin; blades usually folded at base, 4 
to 10 cm. long, rarely longer, 3 to 8 
mm. wide, stiffly papillose-ciliate on 
the margin, the hairs 1.5 to 3 mm. 
long; racemes on very slender finally 
elongate peduncles, 1 or 2, rarely 3, 
on the primary, | on the axillary 
peduncles; racemes arching, 3 to 8 
em. long; spikelets about 1.5 mm. 
long, elliptic-obovate, glabrous. 2 
—Sandy soil, mostly in low pine land 
or flat woods, Virginia and Kentucky 
to Florida and Mississippi. 

13. Paspalum setaceum Michx. 
(Fig. 874.) Culms slender, erect, usu- 
ally 30 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths pilose; 


FIGURE 873.—Paspalum longepedunculatum. Panicle, 


X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Nash 
2074, Fla.) 


blades rather firm, erect or nearly so, 
linear, about 10 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 
6 mm. wide, densely pilose on both 
surfaces and papillose-ciliate on the 
margin; racemes on slender pedun- 
cles, solitary or sometimes 2, arching, 
5 to 7 cm. long; spikelets elliptic- 
obovate, about 1.5 mm. long, gla- 
brous or minutely pubescent. 2 
—Sandy soil, usually open woods, 
mostly on or near the Coastal Plain, 
Long Island to Florida and Texas; 
Ohio and West Virginia to Tennessee; 
Mexico. 

14. Paspalum débile Michx. (Fig. 
875.) Differing from P. selacewm in 
the stouter, more spreading culms, 
the foliage more crowded at base, 


Ficure 874.—Paspalum setaceum. Raceme, X 1; two 
yews of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 300, 


densely grayish villous, the blades on 
the average wider; racemes more 
commonly 2; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 
mm. long, pubescent. 2 —Sandy, 
mostly dry soil, barrens and _flat- 
woods, Long Island to Florida and 
Texas; Mexico and Cuba. 

15. Paspalum supinum Bosc ex 
Poir. (Fig. 876.) Culms relatively 
stout, widely spreading, 30 to 90 cm. 
tall; sheaths usually hirsute; blades 
15 to 25 em. long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, 
hirsute; racemes usually 2 to 4, rarely 
to 6, 4 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 
elliptic-obovate, 2 mm. long, gla- 


Figure 875.—Paspalum debile. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Nash 946, Fla.) 


LAK 


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2) p99- 


~ 


FIGURE 876.—Paspalum supinum. Panicle, X 1; two 
ee spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 4572, 


brous, or the glume minutely pubes- 
cent. 2. —Dry, sandy, open 
ground and old fields, Virginia to 
Florida and west to Louisiana. 

16. Paspalum psammdphilum 
Nash. (Fig. 877.) Forming dense 
grayish-olivaceous mats, the culms 
usually prostrate, 25 to 100 em. long; 
sheaths appressed-pubescent; blades 
4 to 16 cm. long, 4 to 11 mm. wide, 
densely appressed-pubescent; ra- 
cemes | to 3, commonly 2, 4 to 9 cm. 
long, the axillary ones wholly or 
partly included in the sheaths; spike- 
lets suborbicular, 2 mm. long, the 
glume densely pubescent. 2 — 
Dry sandy soil, mostly near the 
coast, Massachusetts to New Jersey. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


17. Paspalum stramineum Nash. 
(Fig. 878.) Yellowish green, the culms 
erect, 40 to 100 cm. tall; blades 6 to 
25 cm. long, rarely longer, 6 to 15 
mm. wide, puberulent on both sur- 
faces and sparsely pilose as well, or 
the lower surface nearly glabrous; ra- 
cemes 2 or 3, rarely 4, 6 to 14 cm. 
long, the axillary often wholly or 
partly included in the sheaths, short 
racemes commonly borne in basal 
sheaths; spikelets suborbicular, 2.1 to 
2.2 mm. long, pale, from densely pu- 
(P. bushii 
Nash.)—Sandy soil, in open ground 
or open woods, Indiana to Minne- 
sota, Texas, Arizona, and northwest- 


bescent to glabrous. 2 


ern Mexico. 

18. Paspalum pubéscens Muhl. 
(Fig. 879.) Culms ascending, 45 to 
90 cm. tall, often pilose at the sum- 
mit; sheaths usually pilose toward 
the summit; blades 8 to 20 cm. long, 


EFL 
ma 
TIS 


Wire 


apap 
AEE 
Pe 
Ste. 
7 


wih 
Wal aw 
a 


FicurRE 877.—Paspalum psammophilum. Panicle, X 1: two 
views of spikelet, and floret, xX 10. (Graves, N. Y.) 


2 to 10 mm. wide (rarely larger), 
pilose on both surfaces; racemes 1 
to 3, 4 to 17 em. long; spikelets about 
2 mm. long, suborbicular, usually 
glabrous. 2 (P. = muhlenbergii 
Nash.)—Open ground or open woods, 
common in old fields and pastures, 
especially in sandy regions, Vermont 
to Florida, west to Michigan, Kansas, 
and Texas. 

19. Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. 
(Fig. 880.) Culms erect to spreading, 
35 to 90 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous or 
the lower puberulent; blades 10 to 
35 cm. long, 7 to 20 mm. wide (rarely 
larger), usually strongly cilate along 
the margin and glabrous otherwise; 
racemes 1 to 38, usually 7 to 10 cm. 


Bes == 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED S TATES 


Figure 878.—Paspalum stramineum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


long; spikelets about 2 mm. long, 
suborbicular, the glumes often mi- 
nutely pubescent. 2 (P.chapmani 
Nash; P. eggertii Nash; P. blepharo- 
phyllum Nash; P. epile Nash.)— 
Open ground or open woods, mostly 
sandy, New Jersey to Florida, Minne- 
sota, Kansas, and Texas; Honduras 
and the West Indies. This species is 
exceedingly variable. Pubescence on 
foliage and spikelets varies in a 
single plant. Rather stout, somewhat 
paler, seacoast plants, with firmer 
blades scarcely ciliate, are the form 
described as P. epile. Plants with 
softly pubescent lower sheaths, and 
blades but slightly ciliate, are the 
form described as P. eggertii. The 
Shape of the spikelet varies in a 
single raceme from elliptic-obovate 
to suborbicular. The spikelets tend 
to become rounder at maturity, but 
both mature and immature are found 
of both shapes. 

20. Paspalum propinquum Nash. 
(Fig. 881.) Resembling P. ciliati- 


609 


FicurE 879.—Paspalum pubescens. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 298, 
Ga.) 


folium, the blades firmer and _ nar- 
rower, the spikelets slightly smaller, 


FicurE 880.—Paspalum ciliatifolium. Raceme, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Nash 1426, 
Fla.) 


610 


Ficure 881.—Paspalum propinquum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


FiGuRE 882.—Paspalum rigidifolium. Raceme, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


subacute. 2 —Sandy savannas 
and sand barrens overlying lime- 
stone, peninsular Florida; West In- 
dies; Veracruz, Mexico, to Panama. 

21. Paspalum rigidifélium Nash. 
(Fig. 882.) Culms erect, rather stiff, 
purplish, 25 to 75 cm. tall; sheaths 
glabrous or the lower grayish-pubes- 
cent; blades firm, linear, mostly 10 
to 15 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, 
usually not wider than the summit 
of the sheath, glabrous or minutely 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


puberulent; racemes | or 2, 7 to 14 
cm. long; spikelets usually 2.2 to 2.4 
mm. long, obovate-elliptic, glabrous 
or nearly so, rarely pubescent. 2 
—Sand barrens and high pineland, 
North Carolina and peninsular Flor- 
ida to Texas. 


6. Dimorphoéstachys.— Inflorescence 
terminal and axillary; racemes 
one to few, slender; spikelets in 
pairs, the first glume usually 
developed on one of the pair, 
often on both, or sometimes 
obsolete on both. 

22. Paspalum unispicAtum (Scribn. 
and Merr.) Nash. (Fig. 883.) Culms 
1 to few in a tuft from horizontal 
scaly rhizomes, erect or ascending, 
50 to 80 cm. tall, simple or with a 


FiaureE 883.—Paspalum unispicatum. Raceme, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


single erect leafy branch; blades flat, 
rather stiff, 10 to 30 cm. long, 8 to 
15 mm. wide, stiffly papillose-ciliate 
on the margin, sparsely papillose- 
hirsute on both surfaces, or sca- 
berulous only; racemes usually soli- 
tary, 1 terminal and 1 from the axil 
of the uppermost sheath, 6 to 20 
em. long; spikelets about 3.2 mm. 
long, elliptic; first glume on the 
primary spikelet minute, sometimes 
obsolete, on secondary spikelet most- 
ly half to three-fourths as long as 
the spikelet. 21 —Meadows, sa- 
vannas, open slopes, and_ banks, 
southern Texas to Venezuela and 
Argentina; Cuba. 

23. Paspalum monostachyum 
Vasey. (Fig. 884.) Culms 1 to few 
from horizontal scaly rhizomes, erect, 
50 to 120 cm. tall; blades elongate, 
slender, terete, firm; racemes | or 2, 
10 to 30 cm. long; spikelets 3 to 3.5 


Figure 884.—Paspalum monostachyum. Raceme, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


FiGuRE 885.—Paspalum langei. Panicle, XK 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Pringle 3991, 
Mexico.) 


mm. long, subovate-elliptic, the pedi- 
cels of the pair nearly equal; first 
glume often developed in few to 
several of the primary spikelets, com- 
monly wanting or rudimentary. 2 
(P. solitarium Nash.)—Moist places 
in flatwoods or coastal dunes, southern 
Florida and Texas. 

24. Paspalum Ilangei  (Fourn.) 
Nash. (Fig. 885.) Culms ascending, 
30 to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, rather 
thin, 10 to 40 cm. long, 6 to 15 mm. 
wide, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, 
the lower tapering to a narrow base; 
peduncles 1 to 3 from the upper 
sheath, often also from middle 
sheaths; racemes 2 to 5, 4 to 10 cm. 
long; spikelets 2.2 to 2.6 mm. long, 
elliptic-obovate, pubescent and glan- 
dular-speckled; first glume minute or 
obsolete on the primary spikelet, 
one-fourth to one-third as long as 
the spikelet on the secondary. 2 
(Dimorphostachys ciliifera Nash; Pas- 
palum ciliiferum  Hitche.)—Moist 
woods and shaded slopes and banks, 
occasionally in open ground, mostly 
at low altitudes, Florida, Louisiana, 
Texas; Greater Antilles to Venezuela. 


612 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 886.—Paspalum blodgettii. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Simpson, Fla.) 


7. Caespitésa.—Culms simple or with 
a single branch, its leaf some- 
times hidden in the parent 
sheath, the inflorescence appear- 
ing to be axillary; racemes few 
to several. 


25. Paspalum blodgéttii Chapm. 
(Fig. 886.) Cespitose, with tough, 
commonly somewhat swollen and 
bulblike base, the scales densely 
pubescent; culms erect, slender, 40 
to 100 cm. tall; lower leaves crowded; 
blades flat, 5 to 25 cm. long, mostly 
5 to 10 mm. wide; racemes usually 
3 to 8, slender, remote, 2 to 8 cm. 
long; spikelets about 1.3 mm. long, 
obovate, the glume glandular-pubes- 
cent. 2 (P. simpsoni Nash; P. 
gracilimum Nash.)—Open or brushy 
caleareous soil, southern Florida; 
Yucatan, Honduras, British Hon- 
duras, Bahamas, and the Greater 
Antilles. 

26. Paspalum caespitésum [liigge. 
(Fig. 887.) Cespitose, bluish green; 
culms erect, rather wiry, 30 to 60 
em. tall; blades flat, folded or in- 
volute, 5 to 20 cm. long, rarely 
longer, 4 to 10 mm. wide; racemes 
usually 3 to 5, relatively thick, re- 
mote, ascending, 1.5 to 6 cm. long; 
spikelets 1.5 to 1.8 mm. long, elliptic, 
sparsely appressed-pubescent to near- 
ly glabrous. 2 —Mostly in partly 
shaded humus in limestone soil or 


rock, sometimes in sandy pinelands; 
southern Florida, Mexico, Central 
America, and the West Indies. 

27. Paspalum laxum Lam. (Fig. 
888.) Culms mostly 50 to 75 cm. tall, 
compressed, rigid, ascending; blades 
more or less involute, mostly 20 to 
30 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, usually 
glabrous; racemes usually 3 to 5, 
mostly remote, 3 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets about 2 mm. long, elliptic- 
obovate, the glume pubescent. 2 
(P. glabrum Poir.)—Sandy and lime- 
stone soils, characteristic of coconut 
groves, Key West, Fla.; West Indies. 

28. Paspalum pleostachyum Doell. 
(Fig. 889.) Culms 40 to 100 cm. tall, 
in rather large tough clumps, gla- 
brous, or scabrous below the panicle, 
leafy; sheaths densely ciliate on the 
margins, villous across the collar, 
otherwise glabrous or sometimes pap- 
illose-hispid; blades as much as 55 
cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, flat or 
becoming folded, stiffly ascending, 
more or less pubescent above, the 
margins scabrous; racemes 3 to 15, 
ascending or stiffly spreading, 7 to 
14 cm. long; spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. 
long, elliptic-obovate, glabrous. 2 
—On rocks or in sand or clay near 
the seacoast, Marathon Key, Fla.; 
Cuba to Brazil. 


Fiaure 887.—Paspalum caespitosum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Poiteau, 
Dominican Republic.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


29. Paspalum virlétii Fourn. (Fig. 
890.) Culms 40 to 75 cm. tall; nodes, 
sheaths and blades softly pilose; 
blades flat, lax, 8 to 15 cm. long, 5 
to 10 mm. wide, slightly narrowed to 
the base; racemes 4 or 5, slender, 
spreading, 2 to 7 cm. long, the 
margin of the slender rachis some- 
times with a few long hairs; spikelets 
2 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, broadly 
ovate; glume obscurely pubescent to 
glabrous. 21 —Sandy soil, bottom 


Ficure 888.—Paspalum laxum. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Richard’s speci- 
men in Paris Herbarium.) 


FiaureE 889.—Paspalum pleostachyum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Ekman 
15756, Cuba.) 


613 


Figure 890.—Paspalum virletiit. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


of Sycamore Canyon, near Ruby, 
Santa Cruz County, Ariz.; northern 
Mexico. Rare. 


8. Rupéstria.—Tufted perennials 
with slender culms and narrow 
blades; racemes slender, usually 
solitary; spikelets minute. 

30. Paspalum saugétii Chase. (Fig. 
891.) Culms 15 to 40 cm. tall, slender, 
densely tufted, glabrous, the nodes 
appressed-pubescent; blades 3 to 15 
cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, flat, or 
involute in drying, rather thick, gla- 
brous or sometimes sparsely pilose; 
racemes solitary, sometimes 2, 2 to 4 


Figure 891.—Paspalum saugetit. Raceme, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


614 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGuRE 892.—Paspalum conjugatum. Plant, X 1%; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Baker 90, Cuba.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


em. long, erect or falcate; spikelets 
solitary or paired, 1.3 to 1.6 mm. 
long, oval, blunt, appressed-pubes- 
cent. 2 —Rocky, mostly lme- 
stone soil, Florida (south of Royal 
Palm State Park) and the Greater 
Antilles. 


9. Conjugata.—Stoloniferous; blades 
flat; racemes 2, paired, rarely 
a third below, slender; spikelets 
flattened concavo-convex, soli- 
tary, silky-fringed. 

31. Paspalum conjugatum Bergius. 
(Fig. 892.) Extensively creeping, with 
long leafy stolons and ascending sub- 
erect flowering branches, 20 to 50 
em. tall; nodes of stolons usually 
conspicuously pilose; blades rather 
thin, 8 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. 
wide, usually glabrous; racemes wide- 
ly divaricate, 8 to 12 cm. long; spike- 
lets 1.4 to 1.8 mm. long, ovate, light 
yellow, the margin conspicuously 
ciliate-fringed. 2 —A common 
weed in cultivated and waste ground, 
southern Florida to Texas, south 
to Argentina; West Indies; tropics 
of Old World. 


10. Dilatata.—Rather stout, in leafy 
clumps; blades flat; racemes few 
to numerous, spikelets in pairs, 
flat, silky-fringed. 

32. Paspalum dilatatum _—Poir. 
Datuis Grass. (Fig. 893.) Culms 
tufted, leafy at base, mostly 50 to 
150 cm. tall, ascending or erect from 
a decumbent base; blades 10 to 25 
cm. long, 3 to 12 mm. wide; racemes 
usually 3 to 5, spreading, 6 to 8 cm. 
long; spikelets ovate-pointed, 3 to 
3.5 mm. long, fringed with long white 
silky hairs and sparsely silky on the 
surface. 21 —In low ground, from 
rather dry prairie to marshy mead- 
ows, New Jersey to Tennessee and 
Florida, west to Oklahoma and Texas; 
adventive in Oregon, Colorado, Ari- 
zona, and California; native of South 
America. Widely known as paspalum- 
grass, water-paspalum, water grass, 
or more commonly, simply paspalum. 
Introduced into the southern United 
States from Uruguay or Argentina 


615 


about the middle of the last century, 
now common throughout the Gulf 
States. Valuable pasture grass. Dallis 
grass was named for A. T. Dallis 
of La Grange, Ga., who grew it 
extensively. 

33. Paspalum urvillei Steud. VAsSEY 
Grass. (Fig. 894.) Culms in large 
clumps, erect, mostly 1 to 2 m. tall; 
lower sheaths coarsely hirsute or 
occasionally glabrous; blades mostly 
elongate, 3 to 15 mm. wide, pilose 
at base; panicle erect, 10 to 40 cm. 
long, of about 12 to 20 rather crowded, 
ascending racemes, 7 to 14 cm. long; 
spikelets 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, ovate, 
pointed, fringed with long white 
silky hairs, the glume appressed- 
silky. 2 (P. larranagai Arech.; 
P. vaseyanum Scribn.)—Along ditches 
and roadsides and in waste ground, 
mostly in rather moist soil; Virginia 
to Florida and west to Texas; south- 
ern California, south to Argentina. 
Introduced from South America. 


11. Laévia.—Rather tall, simple or 
occasionally with reduced flower- 
ing branches; blades mostly flat; 
racemes few to several; spikelets 
broadly oval to orbicular, de- 
pressed planoconvex, glabrous. 

34, Paspalum laéve Michx. (Fig. 

895.) Culms erect or ascending, leafy 

at base, 40 to 100 cm. tall; sheaths 

keeled, glabrous or nearly so; blades 
usually folded at base, flat or folded 

above, 5 to 30 cm. long, 3 to 10 mm. 

wide, glabrous to ciliate or sparsely 

pilose on the upper surface or some- 
times toward the base beneath; 

racemes usually 3 or 4, spreading, 3 

to 10 em. long; spikelets broadly oval, 

2.5%+03 mm. long. 2A (P. angusti- 
folium LeConte; P. australe Nash.)— 

Meadows, open woods, old fields, and 

waste ground, New Jersey to Ohio, 

Florida, Arkansas, and eastern Texas. 

35. Paspalum longipitum Nash. 

(Fig. 896.) Similar to P. laeve, usually 

less leafy at base, sheaths and blades 

pilose; racemes somewhat more lax 
than in P. laeve. 2 (P. plensprilum 

Nash.)—Damp, mostly sandy soil, 

savannas, open woods, and wet pine 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


616 


Ficure 893.—Paspalum dilatatum. Plant, X 1%; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 297, La.) 


617 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


S 
Ses = SSSRNTS = SS SS 


TSX aes ZF / 


SSS 


Cy 
4 JT, 1 Llpiy 


eg, i. aN 


ASSN Zn. 


SS, SA aN SESS = 


= 


a 


Ficure 894.—Paspalum urvillei. Plant, X Poe two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 4388, La.) 


618 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 895.—Paspalum laeve. Plant, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 2600, D. C.) 


barrens, New York to Tennessee, 
Florida, Arkansas, and Texas. 

36. Paspalum circulare Nash. (Fig. 
897.) Culms in dense leafy clumps, 
30 to 80 cm, tall; sheaths pilose to 


nearly glabrous; blades mostly erect, 
commonly about equaling the in- 
florescence, 15 to 30 cm. long, 5 to 
10 mm. wide, usually pilose on the 
upper surface; racemes 2 to 7, mostly 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Figure 896.—Paspalum longipilum. Pan- 
icle, X 1: two views of spikelet, and 
floret, X 10. (Type coll.) 


suberect, 5 to 12 em. long; spikelets 
nearly orbicular, about 3 mm. long. 
2 (P. praelongum Nash.)—Fields, 
meadows, and open waste ground, 
Massachusetts to Georgia and 
Mississippi, west to Kansas and 
Texas. 

37. Paspalum praécox Walt. (Fig. 
898.) Culms erect from short scaly 
rhizomes, 50 to 100 em. tall; sheaths 
keeled, glabrous, or the lower villous; 
blades 15 to 25 cm. long, 3 to 7 mm. 
wide, glabrous or nearly so; racemes 
usually 4 to 6, ascending to arcuate- 
spreading, 2 to 7 cm. long, the 
common axis very slender; rachis 
about 1.5 mm. wide, purplish; spike- 
lets usually solitary and paired in 
each raceme, strongly flattened, sub- 
orbicular, 2.2 to 2.8 mm. long, the 
glume and sterile lemma thin and 
fragile. 21 —Wet pine barrens, 
borders of cypress swamps, moist 
places in flatwoods, and wet savannas, 
in the Coastal Plain, North Carolina 
to central Florida and along the Gulf 
to Texas. 

38. Paspalum lentiferum Lam. 
(Fig. 899.) Similar to P. praecoz; 


619 


culms more robust, sometimes as 
much as 150 cm. tall; sheaths less 
strongly keeled; blades usually more 
or less pilose; racemes usually 4 or 
5; spikelets 2.7 to 3.4 mm. long, 
broadly oval. 2 (P. glaberrimum 
Nash; P. tardum Nash; P. kearneyr 
Nash; P. amplum Nash.)—Moist 
pine barrens, borders of flatwoods, 
and cypress swamps, and in savannas 
on the Coastal Plain, from Virginia 
to southern Florida and along the 
Gulf to Texas. 


12. Floridana.— Mostly robust, culms 
simple; blades mostly flat; ra- 
cemes few; spikelets large, rather 
turgid, glabrous. 

39. Paspalum difforme LeConte. 
(Fig. 900.) Culms solitary or few 
from a short knotty rhizome, rather 
stout, 35 to 75 em. tall; leaves com- 
monly crowded at the base; blades 10 
to 15 em. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, 
usually pilose on the upper surface 
toward base; racemes 2 to 4, ascend- 
ing to suberect, 3.5 to 8 cm. long; 
spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long, oval to 
obovate. 2 —Moist sandy soil in 


620 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Ficure 897.—Paspalum circulare. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 3836, Md.) 


open ground and in flatwoods, in the 
Coastal Plain, South Carolina, to 
Orange County, Fla., and west near 
the Gulf to Louisiana. 

40. Paspalum floridanum Michx. 
(Fig. 901.) Culms solitary or few 
from short stout scaly rhizomes, 1 to 
2 m. tall; sheaths villous to nearly 
glabrous; blades firm, flat or folded, 
15 to 50 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide, 
usually villous at least on the upper 
surface toward base; racemes usually 
2 to 5, 4 to 12 cm. long; spikelets 
crowded, oval, about 4 mm. long. 
2% —Low moist sandy soil, pine 
woods, flatwoods, savannas, and low 
prairies, in the Coastal Plain from 
Maryland to central Florida and 
along the Gulf to Texas, north in the 
valleys to Missouri and Oklahoma. 
PASPALUM FLORIDANUM var. GLA- 
BRATUM Engelm. ex Vasey. More ro- 


bust, taller; foliage glabrous or nearly 
so; racemes longer, more spreading. 
2| —Brackish marshes and low, 
sandy, mostly open ground, southern 
New Jersey to central Florida, west 
to Kentucky, Illinois, southeastern 
Kansas, and Texas. 

41. Paspalum gigantéum Baldw. 
ex Vasey. (Fig. 902.) Culms mostly 
solitary from short scaly rhizomes, 
erect, 1.5 to 2 m. tall; leaves numer- 
ous at base; blades elongate, 10 to 20 
mm. wide, glabrous or nearly so; 
racemes commonly 3 or 4, 10 to 20 
em. long; spikelets oval, about 3.5 
mm. long, usually russet-tinged. 2 
(P. longicilium Nash.)—Moist sandy 
soil, open ground, stream banks, flat- 
woods, and hammocks, on the Coastal 
Plain from Georgia to southern Flor- 
ida; Mississippi (Biloxi). 


Ficure 898.—Paspalum praecoz. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Stone 377, S.C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


13. Virgata—Robust; blades firm 
with sharp-cutting edges; ra- 
cemes several to numerous. 
Mostly tropical species. 

42. Paspalum virgatum L. (Fig. 
903.) Culms in large dense clumps, 
erect, 1 to 2 m. tall; sheaths papillose- 
hirsute at margin and summit; blades 
elongate, flat, 1 to 2.5 em. wide; pan- 
icle slightly nodding, 15 to 25 cm. 
long; racemes usually 10 to 16, as- 
cending or drooping, 5 to 15 cm. long; 
spikelets crowded, obovate, about 2.2 
to 2.5 mm. long, brownish, pubescent 
along the margin at least toward the 
summit. 2 —Open, mostly moist 
or swampy ground, southern Texas 
(Brownsville) to South America; 
throughout the West Indies. 

Paspalum intermédium Munro ex 
Morong. Coarse, densely tufted per- 
ennial; sheaths compressed, keeled, 
the lower rather soft and papery; 
blades folded toward the base, the 
margins sharply hispid-serrate; pan- 
icle dense, the numerous racemes nar- 
rowly ascending or somewhat spread- 
ing; rachis rather prominently papil- 
lose-hispid-ciliate; spikelets about 2 
mm. long, acute, glabrous, conspicu- 
ously purple-tinged. 2 —Intro- 
duced from South America. Escaped 
along roadsides near Tifton, Ga. 


14, Plicatula—Perennials and an- 
nuals with compressed purplish 
culms; blades flat or folded; ra- 
cemes few to several; spikelets 
rather turgid, drab, turning 
brown or dark olivaceous; fruit 
dark brown, shining. 

43. Paspalum plicatulum Michx. 
BROWNSEED PASPALUM. (Fig. 904.) 
Culms in small tufts with numerous 
leafy shoots, suberect, 50 to 100 cm. 
tall; blades folded at. base, usually 
flat above, rather firm, elongate, 3 to 
10 mm. wide, usually pilose near 
base; racemes mostly 3 to 10, arcuate- 
spreading, 3 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 
usually 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, obovate- 
oval, brown at maturity, glabrous or 
the glume appressed-pubescent, the 
sterile lemma with short transverse 
wrinkles just inside the slightly raised 


Ficure 899.—Paspalum lentiferum. Panicle, X 1; two 
MEWS of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Harper 1629, 
a.) 


margin. 2 —QOpen ground or wet 
wood borders, Georgia and Florida to 
Texas, south to Argentina; through- 
out the West Indies. 


PasPALUM NICORAE Parodi. Widely creep- 
ing, branching rhizomes; culms. slender, 
erect or ascending; sheaths and blades, at 
least the lower, sparsely pilose, the blades 
sometimes minutely pubescent on the upper 
surface; racemes 8 or 4, appressed or ascend- 
ing, the axis and rachis slender; spikelets 
about 3 mm. long, similar to those of P. 
plicatulum but slightly narrower and the 
sterile lemma less wrinkled. 2 —Grown 
at the experiment station, Gainesville, Fla., 
the seed from southern Brazil. 


622 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ioe 


ere oo 
oe 
sr finannocemnnteell 
i Soa 

re 

Spl dp marry 


Figure 900.—Paspalum difforme. 
Panicle, X 1; two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


44, Paspalum texanum Svwallen. 
(Fig. 905.) Culms 70 to 110 cm. tall, 
erect or ascending from long rhi- 
zomes; sheaths much longer than the 
internodes, glabrous or _ papillose- 
hirsute toward the keeled summit, 
the uppermost bladeless; blades elon- 
gate, 2 to 6 mm. wide, flat, papillose- 
hirsute or papillose only to glabrous 
on both surfaces; racemes 4 to 6, as- 
cending to suberect, 6 to 9 cm. long, 
the axis 6 to 13 cm. long; spikelets 
usually paired, 2.4 to 2.7 mm. long, 
1.4 to 1.6 mm. wide, glabrous, the 
pedicels often to 2 mm. long; glume 
and sterile lemma thin, brownish, 
covering the fruit or slightly pointed 
beyond it, the lemma usually cross- 
wrinkled inside the margin; fruit 2.3 
to 2.4 mm. long, chestnut brown at 
maturity. 2 —Moist ground, 
southeastern Texas. 

45. Paspalum hydrophilum Henr. 
(Fig. 906.) Aquatic; culms com- 
pressed, the submerged part lush, 1 
to 2.5 m. long, with tufts of long 
roots at the nodes; sheaths and blades 
glabrous, the blades flat, lax, 7 to 15 
em. long, 3 to 7 mm. wide, glabrous; 
racemes 2 or 3, ascending, 5 to 10 


I 
Wp 


we: 


Figure 901.—Paspalum floridanum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 
4221, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


cm. long; sp’kelets mostly paired, 2.8 
to 3 mm. long, 1.3 to 1.4 mm. wide, 
elliptic, glabrous; glume and sterile 
lemma thin, olive brown, covering the 
fruit or minutely pointed beyond it; 
fruit light brown at maturity. 2 
—Irrigation ditches, Louisiana; south- 
ern Brazil and Paraguay. 

46. Paspalum boscianum Fliigge. 
BULL PASPALUM. (Fig. 907.) Rather 
succulent annual, branching at base 
and commonly from the middle nodes, 
usually conspicuously brownish pur- 
ple, glabrous as a whole; culms 40 to 
60 cm. long, ascending or widely 
spreading; sheaths broad, loose; 
blades 10 to 40 cm. long, 8 to 15 mm. 
wide, papillose-pilose on upper sur- 
face near base; racemes 4 to 12, usu- 
ally 4 to 7 em. long; rachis 2 to 2.5 
mm. wide; spikelets crowded, obo- 
vate-orbicular, 2 to 2.2 mm. long, 
glabrous, rust brown at maturity. 
©  (Depauperate specimens have 
been described as P. scrobiculatum 
L.)—Moist or wet open ground, along 


ditches and ponds, sometimes a weed. 


in cultivated fields, Pennsylvania 
(ballast), Virginia to Florida, Louisi- 
ana, Arkansas, and Texas, south to 
Brazil. 

47, Paspalum convéxum Humb. 
and Bonpl. ex Willd. (Fig. 908.) Culms 


Vp: SS If 
} SS 
A) gy, i . > 
WAG ~~ a 
NM Se 
NMA om 
Z \\N 
= 
SA Sad 


623 


Figure 902.—Paspalum giganteum. Panicle, * 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


mostly 20 to 40 cm. tall, geniculate- 
ascending or widely spreading, leafy, 


Fiaure 903.—Paspalum virgatum. Panicle, X 1; ive ee of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 9555, 
amaica, 


624 


Ficure 904.—Paspalum plicatulum. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, * 10. (Chase 7061, Ga.) 


branching from the lower and middle 
nodes; leaves conspicuously papillose- 
pilose or sometimes nearly glabrous; 
racemes 1 to 4, ascending or spread- 
ing, 2 to 4 cm. long; spikelets 2.2 to 3 
mm. long, obovate, pubescent to gla- 
brous; fruit dark brown, shining. 
© —Roadsides, Texas (Jasper 
County); northern Mexico to Brazil; 
Cuba, Trinidad. 

Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Stouter 
and with larger spikelets, unequally 
biconvex, the sterile lemma loose and 
wrinkled. © —Ballast, Camden, 
N. J.; Abilene, Tex.; Asia; cultivated 
in India. 


15. Bifida—A _ single species ap- 
proaching Panicum; spikelets 
turgid; a minute first glume usu- 
ally developed. 

48. Paspalum bifidum (Bertol.) 
Nash. (Fig. 909.) Culms erect from 
short rhizomes, 50 to 120 cm. tall; 
blades flat, 10 to 50 em. long, 3 to 14 
mm. wide, villous to nearly glabrous; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


racemes usually 3 or 4, at first erect, 
4 to 16 em. long; rachis slender, sub- 
flexuous; spikelets distant to irreg- 
ularly approximate, elliptic-obovate, 
3.3 to 4mm. (rarely to 4.2 mm.) long; 
second glume and sterile lemma con- 
spicuously nerved. 2 —Sandy 
pine and oak woods, occasionally in 
hammocks, nowhere common, on the 
Coastal Plain from Virginia to Flor- 
ida, Tennessee, Te xas, andOklahoma. 
A specimen from Virginia with villous 
foliage, long-exserted panicle, and 
spikelets 4.2 mm. long has been named 
P. bifidum var. projectum Fernald. 
The various differences, pubescence, 
long-exserted panicles, diverging lower 
raceme, spikelets 4.2 mm. long, and 
longer first glume are found, not co- 
ordinated, in occasional specimens 
throughout the range. 


16. Malacéphylla.—A single species 
in North America; both glumes 
of spikelet suppressed (the sec- 
ond half as long as the spike- 
let in one species), the fertile 


Figure 905.—Paspalum texanum. Panicle, X 1; 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


625 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


of 


A) eS 
My) ( “Os 


X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, 


Figure 906.—Paspalum hydrophilum. Node with rootlets, and panicle, 


X 10. (Silveus 4199, La.) 


Fieure 907.—Paspalum boscianum. Panicle, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Kearney 152, Fla.) 


626 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 908.—Paspalum converum. (Palmer 592 in 
1886; Mexico.) 


lemma strongly longitudinally 
ridged. 

Paspalum malacophyllum Trin. 
RIBBED PASPALUM. Culms rather 
coarse, 1 to 2 m. tall; blades flat, 8 to 
35 mm. wide, the lower narrowed to a 
slender base; panicles nodding, the 
usually numerous racemes approxi- 
mate; spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm. long, 
glabrous; second glume wanting; fer- 
tile lemma strongly ridged. 2 — 
Mexico to Bolivia and Argentina. In- 
troduced in the Southern States. Oc- oS 
easionally grown for hay and some-_ Ficure 909.—Paspalum bifidum. Panicle, X 1; two 
times used _ soil conservation work. ai of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 5590, 


137. PANICUM L. Panicum 


Spikelets more or less compressed dorsiventrally, in open or compact pani- 
cles, rarely racemes; glumes 2, herbaceous, nerved, usually very unequal, the 
first often minute, the second typically equaling the sterile lemma, the latter 
of the same texture and simulating a third glume, bearing in its axil a mem- 
branaceous or hyaline palea and sometimes a staminate flower, the palea 
rarely wanting; fertile lemma chartaceous-indurate, typically obtuse, the 
nerves obsolete, the margins inrolled over an enclosed palea of the same 
texture. Annuals or perennials of various habit. Type species, Panicum 
ee Panicum, an old Latin name for the common millet (Setaria 
atalica). 

Panicum miliaceum, proso millet, is cultivated to a limited extent in this 
country for forage. In Europe it is sometimes cultivated for the seed which is 
used for food. Two species are commonly cultivated in the lowland tropics for 
forage, P. maximum, Guinea grass, an African species, said to have been intro- 
duced into Jamaica in 1774, and P. purpurascens, Para grass, introduced into 
Brazil from Africa. Certain native species are constituents of wild hay or of 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 627 


the range. P. virgatum, switch grass, and P. stipitatum, of the eastern half of the 
United States, P. bulbosum and P. obtusum, of the Southwest, and Panicum 
tecanum in Texas furnish hay or forage. The seeds of P. sonorum Beal are used 
for food by the Cocopa Indians. 


Axis of branchlets extending beyond the base of the uppermost spikelet as a point or bristle 
Ups cop Cp tan tune OTN eee NO ae Sneed eee SUBGENUS 1. PAUROCHAETIUM. 

Axis of branchlets not extending into a bristle. (In P. geminatum and P. paludivagum the 
somewhat flattened axis is pointed but not bristle-form.) 

Basal leaves usually distinctly different from those of the culm, forming a winter rosette; 
culms at first simple, the spikelets of the primary panicle not perfecting seed, later 
usually becoming much branched, the small secondary panicles with cleistogamous 
MUU elecicele tatied fa Sau al Nee bale ee At ae he le SUBGENUS 2. DICHANTHELIUM. 

Basal leaves similar to the culm leaves, not forming a winter rosette; spikelets all fertile. 

SUBGENUS 8. EUPANICUM. 
Subgenus 1. Paurochaetium 


Blades elongate, usually more than 15 cm. long, narrowed toward the base. 


Sprkelets bout oamm slong. oi ee A ee 3. P. REVERCHONI. 
Spikeletsiaboute2 mm: long. or less:/.).220 82 a 1. P. CHAPMANI. 
Blades usually less than 10 cm. long, not narrowed toward the base; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. 
long. 
Blades of midculm long-acuminate, usually 2 to 4 mm. wide........... 2. P. RAMISETUM. 
Blades of midculm abruptly acute, usually 4 to 7 mm. wide................ 4. P. FIRMULUM. 


Subgenus 2. Dichantheliwm 


Blades elongate, not more than 5 mm. wide, 20 times as long as wide; autumnal phase 
branching from the base only (from the lower nodes in P. werner?). 

1. DEPAUPERATA. 

Blades not elongate (or if so, more than 5 mm. wide and autumnal phase not branching from 


base). 
Plants branching from the base, finally forming rosettes or cushions, the foliage soft, lax. 
Blades prominently ciliate except in P. lawiflorwm...............-------.------- 2. LAXIFLORA. 


Plants branching from the culm nodes or rarely remaining simple. 
Blades long, stiff; autumnal phase bushy-branched above. 
Spikelets turgid, attenuate at base; mostly pustulose-pubescent; blades conspicu- 
ously striate, tapering from base to apex..............--..---.---------- 3. ANGUSTIFOLIA. 
Spikelets scarcely turgid, not attenuate at base; blades tapering to both ends. 
4, BICKNELLIANA. 
Blades not long and stiff (Somewhat so in P. oligosanthes, P. malacon, P. commonsianum, 
and P. equilaterale); not bushy-branched. 
Plants not forming a distinct winter rosette; spikelets attenuate at base, papillose. 
14. PEDICELLATA. 
Plants forming a distinct winter rosette; spikelets not attenuate at base. 
Spikelets turgid, blunt, strongly nerved (not strongly turgid in P. oligosanthes) ; 
blades rarely as much as 1.5 em. wide (sometimes 2 cm. in P. ravenelit and 
P. xanthophysum). 
Sheaths or some of them, papillose-hispid (sometimes all glabrous in P. hellerz) ; 
spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long (2.7 to 3 mm. in P. wilcoxianum). 
13. OLIGOSANTHIA. 
Sheaths glabrous or minutely puberulent; spikelets 1.5 to 2.6 mm. long, asym- 
metically,pyrtorm> Culms WITy -....-:---.-------/-.-t-t--tte 12. LANCEHARIA. 
Spikelets not turgid, blunt, nor strongly nerved (somewhat so in P. roanokense and 
P. caerulescens). 
Ligule of conspicuous hairs, usually 3 to 5 mm. long. 
Sheaths glabrous or only the lowermost somewhat pubescent....7. SPRETA. 
Sheathsstromely pubescent !.:.2.8 22 ee es ee 8. LANUGINOSA. 
eee or nearly so (manifest in P. oricola, P. tsugetorum, and P. curti- 
olium). 
Spikelets nearly spherical at maturity; blades glabrous, firm, cordate. Plants 
wsuallyssparimely branching: =... 2... 2 10. SPHAEROCARPA. 
Spikelets usually obovate or elliptic. ; 
Blades of midculm elongate, less than 1.5 cm. wide. Culms usually tall; 
spikelets pointed, abruptly so in the velvety P. scoparium. 
15. ScopaRiA. 
Blades of midculm not elongate (somewhat so in P. equilaterale). 


628 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Blades cordate, 1 to 3 cm. wide (5 to 12 mm. in P. ashez). Spikelets 
pubescent. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long. Sheaths glabrous or minutely puberulent. 
CoMMUTATA. 
Spikelets 3 to 5 mm. long (sometimes but 2.7 mm. long in the hispid- 
sheathed (2; clandestinium)s 2 ne eee 17. LatvIro.ta. 
Blades not cordate, less than 1 cm. wide. 
Sheaths crisp- or appressed-pubescent. Blades firm; spikelets pubescent. 
COLUMBIANA. 
Sheaths glabrous or ciliate only in autumnal phase (sparsely pilose in 
P. curtifolium, the lower velvety in P. mattamuskeetense, rarely 
pilose in P. roanokense and P. caerulescens). 
Vernal culms delicate (sometimes scarcely so in P. albomarginatum 
and P. tenue); spikelets 1.5 mm. or less long (1.6 to 1.7 mm. in 
Pr tenue) ee et IS) Na See 11. ENSIFOLIA. 
Vernal culms slender but not delicate, rarely less than 40 cm. tall; 
spikelets 2 to 2.9 mm. long (1.5 mm. in P. microcarpon and P. 
caerulescens). 
Lower internodes short, upper elongate, producing a nearly naked 
culm, leafy at base; spikelets narrowly ovate, 2.7 to 2.9 mm. 
VQ ee coo a aa Here ee, eae Se A 5. NUDICAULIA. 
Lower internodes not shorter, the vernal culms about evenly leafy 
throughout; spikelets elliptic or obovate, not more than 2.5 
mim. |Om geo aee SE Re e n ee Oereiy be st 6. DICHOTOMA. 


1. Depauperata 


Spikelets about 3.5 mm. long, beaked.. 2.2.2... .eeeseeseensenneeeseeeeeee 5. P. DEPAUPERATUM. 

Spikelets 3 mm. long or less (sometimes 3.2 mm. long in P. perlongum), not beaked. 
Culms single or few in a tuft; spikelets turgid, blunt, 2.7 to 3.2 mm. long, prairie plants. 
P. PERLONGUM. 

Culms in large tufts; spikelets not turgid, 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long; plants of woods. 

Sheaths pilose; spikelets 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, pilose_................. 7. P. LINEARIFOLIUM. 
Sheaths glabrous; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 mm. long, glabrous or sparingly pilose. 
8. P. WERNERI. 


2. Laxiflora 


Sheaths retrorsely pilose; spikelets papillose-pilose. 
Blades ciliate and more or less pilose on the surface; spikelets 2 mm. long. 
10. P. XALAPENSE. 
Blades glabrous or nearly so on the surface and margin; spikelets 2.2 mm. long. 
P. LAXIFLORUM. 
Sheaths not retrorsely pilose; spikelets pubescent or glabrous. 


Spikelets pubescent, about 2 mm. Jong ::...1.-2.22 4 11. P. cILIATUM. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
iBladesizlabroustonithe surface: =) 8o es ee es 12. P. POLYCAULON. 
Blades pilose-on the: sunlace: 4.5.2 oe eee 13. P. sSTRIGOSUM. 


3. Angustifolia 


Nodes bearded; plants grayish-villous; autumnal blades flat. 
Spikelets 2mm. long! «8 =. 228 hers tee ee) ee Ee 16. P. CHRYSOPSIDIFOLIUM. 
Spikelets 275,to 2.8 mm: long =e ee eee 17. P. CONSANGUINEUM. 
Nodes not bearded; plants villous only at base, or nearly glabrous; autumnal blades involute 
or flat. 

Autumnal blades flat; lower panicle branches spreading or reflexed, or loosely ascending. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long; panicle branches loosely ascending.......... 15. P. BENNETTENSE. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long; panicle branches widely spreading at anthesis. 

18. P. ANGUSTIFOLIUM. 

Autumnal blades involute; lower panicle branches more or less ascending. 

Spikelets pointed beyond the fruit, fusiform. . 
Spikelets 3:3'to:3.5 mm: long. 4... ee 20. P. FUSIFORME. 
Spikelets mostly 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long (or to 3 mm. before maturity). 

19. P. PINETORUM. 

Spikelets not pointed beyond the fruit; obovate. 

Plants glabrous or nearly so. Autumnal culms erect. 
Spikelets subsecund along the suberect panicle branches.... 23, P, NEURANTHUM, 


i A. a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 629 


Spikelets not subsecund, the panicle loose and open.................... 22. P. ovrnum. 
Plants pubescent, at least on the lower half. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm., rarely only 2.1 mm., or as much as 2.8 mm., long; 
vernal blades 7 to 12 em. long; autumnal blades not falcate. 
21. P. ARENICOLOIDES. 
Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long; vernal blades 4 to 6 cm. long; autumnal blades 
mule Mcrowdeds Talcacer ta. ed hy ae ae 14. P. ACICULARE. 


4. Bicknelliana 


Spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long; blades not more than 9 mm. wide.......... 24. P. BICKNELLII. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long; blades as much as 12 mm. wide.................... 25. P. CALLIPHYLLUM. 
5. Nudicaulia 
PAMSIMN PL CISC CICS Ney See teen CN ee eee eh ee ele 26. P. NUDICAULE. 


6. Dichotoma 


la. Nodes, at least the lower, bearded. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long, glabrous (occasional individuals with pubescent spikelets). 
P. MICROCARPON. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long or more. 
Spikelets glabrous, 2 mm. long. 
Autumnal phase erect, branched like a little tree; primary blades rarely more than 
By TOON Dg AS 1 opt i Se da de a ee 33. P. DICHOTOMUM. 
Autumnal phase top-heavy-reclining; primary blades 6 to 10 mm. wide. 
34. P. BARBULATUM. 
Spikelets pubescent. 
Blades ali velvety; autumnal phase branching from upper nodes. 
2 P. ANNULATUM. 
Blades glabrous or nearly so, or only the lowermost velvety. 
Primary blades mostly erect; autumnal phase sparingly branching, the branches 
erect; blades and panicles not much reduced...........-...........- 32. P. BOREALE. 
Primary blades spreading; blades and panicles of autumnal phase much reduced. 
Spikelets 2 mm. lonz; autumnal phase profusely branching... 28. P. NrTmpuUM. 
Spikelets 2.2 mm. long or more; autumnal phase less profusely branching. 
Sheaths and upper nodes glabrous........-.........22..2222.222202220e------ 31. P. CLUTZI. 
Lower sheaths and all nodes pubescent.............. 30. P. MATTAMUSKEETENSE. 
lb. Nodes not bearded. 
2a. Spikelets pubescent. 
Culms erect, never becoming vinelike. 
Primary blades spreading; panicles purplish; fruit exposed at summit. 
31. P. CLUTEI. 
Primary blades erect; panicles green; fruit covered (woods forms with spreading 
blades may be distinguished from P. dichotomum by pubescent spikelets, 2.2 mm. 
Ong) RENE teh evs istet aan ceric Swi eat nA Ae sa ser he! soe ALLA OR 32. P. BOREALE. 
Culms soon prostrate, vinelike, the branches divaricate. 
Plants bright green, culms lax; spikelets not more than 2.1 mm. long. 
38. P. LUCIDUM. 
Plants grayish green, culms stiff; spikelets 2.5 mm. long........ 89. P. SPHAGNICOLA. 
2b. Spikelets glabrous. 
Culms soon prostrate. 
Plants bright green, culms lax; spikelets not more than 2.1 mm. long. 
38. P. LUCIDUM. 
Plants grayish green, culms stiff; spikelets 2.6 mm. long........ 39. P. SPHAGNICOLA. 
Culms erect, or the autumnal phase topheavy, never prostrate. 
Spikelets not more than 1.6 mm. long; panicles narrow; plants glaucous bluish green. 
37. P. CAERULESCENS. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long or more; panicles open. 
Blades erect, firm; spikelets turgid, strongly nerved; plants grayish olive green. 
3 P. ROANOKENSE. 
Blades spreading; spikelets not turgid. 
Spikelets 2.2 mm. long or more, pointed; sheaths bearing pale glandular spots. 
3 P. YADKINENSE. 
Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long, not pointed. 
Autumnal phase erect, branched like a little tree; primary blades rarely more 
than 5 mm. wide; second glume shorter than fruit and sterile lemma. 
33. P. DICHOTOMUM. 


630 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Autumnal phase topheavy-reclining; primary blades 6 to 10 mm. wide; second 


glume equaling fruit and sterile lemma.................. 34. P. BARBULATUM. 
7. Spreta 
Panicle narrow, one-fourth to one-third as wide as long.........2.222.22---------- 40. P. SPRETUM. 
Panicle open, two-thirds as wide as long, or more. 
spikelets 1-5 mami. lomo cyan acceso ae oe eee eens BN 41. P. LINDHEIMERI. 
Spikelets 1.3 mm. long or less. 
Culmsand sheaths’slabrous:-\... ee Se 43. P. LONGILIGULATUM. 
Culms and sheaths appressed-pubescent. 
Spikelets [22 to3) ma. Von see sed eee a 42. P. LEUCOTHRIX. 
Spikelets not more than 1 mm. long.......-..2.22-.e eee 44. P, WRIGHTIANUM. 


8. Lanuginosa 
la. Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long. 
2a. Plants grayish, velvety-pubescent. 
Spikelets 1.38 to 1.5 mm. long; autumnal blades involute-pointed (see also P. albe- 
TIUOLTVCTUS yeaa se a eae EY cepa eo ee ee Eee 51. P. AUBURNE. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm. long; autumnal blades flat. 
Plants dark or olive green when dry; spikelets 1.9 to 2 mm. long.... 52. P. THUROWM. 
Plants light or yellow green when dry. 
Autumnal phase prostrate, branching from base and lower nodes, forming close 


mats; blades not ciliate. Around hot springs.......-.-.....-.... 57. P. THERMALE. 
Autumnal phase ascending or spreading, branching from middle and upper nodes, 
the reduced, fascicled blades strongly ciliate................ 50. P. LANUGINOSUM. 


2b. Plants pubescent, often villous, but not velvety. 
3a. Culms conspicuously pilose with long, horizontally spreading hairs. Culms branch- 
ing before expansion of primary panicles...............--...-.--------- 53. P. PRAECOCIUS. 
3b. Culms variously pubescent, if pilose the hairs not long and horizontally spreading. 
4a. Vernal blades glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface, firm in texture. 
Autumnal culms branching from the lower nodes, forming a spreading bunch 10 
tocib em: hirh: Pacithie\slope.. = ee ee 55. P. OCCIDENTALE. 
Autumnal culms branching from the middle nodes, forming widely spreading mats; 
Atlantic slope (see also form of P. huachucae var. fasciculatum). 
49, P. TENNESSEENSE. 
4b. Vernal blades pubescent on upper surface, sometimes pilose near base and mar- 
gins only. 
5a. Spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long; vernal blades long-pilose on upper surface. 
Autumnal phase widely decumbent-spreading, forming a mat; vernal culms soon 
geniculate-spreading; plants olivaceous.................. 46. P. ALBEMARLENSE. 
Autumnal phase erect or leaning, never forming a mat; plants yellowish green. 
Axis of panicle pilose, panicle branches tangled, the lower drooping. 
47, P. IMPLICATUM. 
Axis of panicle puberulent only, panicle branches not tangled, the lower 
SES CENA CNEL rls ae este ee ee ear a 45. P. MERIDIONALE. 
5b. Spikelets 1.6 to 2 mm. long; vernal blades pilose or pubescent. 
Upper surface of blades pilose; spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm. long; autumnal phase 
decumbent-spreading. 
Spikelets pointed; culms weak and lax......22222.2-12-0-200------- 58. P. LANGUIDUM. 
Spikelets obtuse; culms not weak and lax. 
Culms leafy below, branching from base and lower nodes; Maine to Minne- 
(0) Ff: ane Pia gs Re oe et ee WBN, ORM PL Ra leans Os 54. P. SUBVILLOSUM. 
Culms evenly leafy, branching from upper nodes; Pacific slope. 
56. P. PACIFICUM. 
Upper surface of blades appressed-pubescent or pilose toward the base only; 
spikelets 1.6 to 1.8 mm. long; autumnal phase not decumbent-spreading. 
48. P. HUACHUCAE. 
1b. Spikelets 2.2 mm. long or more. 
Spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long. 
Pubescence on culms horizontally spreading; autumnal phase freely branching. 
59. PP. VILLOSISSIMUM. 
Pubescence on culms appressed or ascending; autumnal phase rather sparingly branch- 
ing. 
Upeer ueinades shortened, the leaves approximate, the blades often nearly equaling 
the panicle. 
Blades glabrous or nearly so on the upper surface; spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long; 
first; glume glabrous:<. 2.2. Se eee eee 60. P. BENNERI. 


Ee 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 631 


Blades sparsely hispid on the upper surface; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 mm. long; first 
slumeypubescent es er aee eke Bote) ee 63. P. SCOPARIOIDES. 
Upper internodes not shortened, the copious pubescence silky. 
61. P. PSEUDOPUBESCENS. 
Spikelets 2.7 to 2.9 mm. long. 
Culms stiff; blades conspicuously ciliate; southern Atlantic coast........ 62. P. OVALE. 
Culms weak; blades not ciliate; Pacific coast....................2---0:---0--0-- 64. P. SHASTENSE. 


9. Columbiana 


la. Spikelets 2 to 3.2 mm. long, mostly elliptic. 
Winter blades 5 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 2 mm. long; plants blue-green. 
6 P. WILMINGTONENSE. 


Winter blades 1 to 3 cm. long. 


Spikelets 3.2 mm. long; first glume conspicuously distant.................. 65. P. MALACON. 
Spikelets not more than 2.9 mm. long; first glume not distant. 
Spikelets 2.8 to 2.9 mm. long; vernal blades 8 to 15 em. long.......... 66. P. DEAMIL. 


Spikelets not more than 2.4 mm. long; vernal blades not more than 8 cm. long. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm. (2.2 to 2.4 mm.) long; panicle open, the branches stiffly 
SPLCA CUNO aie teat Bey M ema el el onl oe bal 67. P. COMMONSIANUM. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.1 mm. long; panicle rather dense, the branches ascending. 
68. P. ADDISONII. 
1b. Spikelets not more than 1.9 mm. long, obovate, turgid. 
Culms crisp-puberulent or appressed-pubescent with crimped hairs; plants bluish or gray- 
ish green; panicle about 3 to 7 cm. long. 
Spikeletseles torleOsmin. lone: 2 te 70. P. TSUGETORUM. 
Spikelets ostonteO mumlome le Ns a ee, 71. P. COLUMBIANUM. 
Culms appressed or ascending-pilose; plants olivaceous; panicle rarely more than 3 cm. 
long. Spikelets not more than 1.5 mm. long, rounded and turgid. 
Spikelets 1.5 mm. long; culms rather stout; autumnal phase branching from all the 


MOGESWs ee a OME ASEM ene s ste bu GN tet oe bes else 72. P. ORICOLA. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 1.4 mm. long; culms very slender; autumnal phase with branches 
mostly aggregate toward the summit___......... 71. P. COLUMBIANUM Var. THINIUM. 


10. Sphaerocarpa 


Culms spreading; blades obscurely nerved; panicle nearly as broad as long. 
P. SPHAEROCARPON. 
Culms erect or ascending; blades rather strongly nerved; panicle never more than two-thirds 

as broad as long, usually less. 
Spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long; blades lanceolate, the upper not reduced. 

74, P. POLYANTHES. 
Spikelets 1 to 1.2 mm. long; blades tapering from base to apex, the upper much smaller 
aerIN NCH OW WCU ee aes a hh Cl aT Se ee 75. P. ERECTIFOLIUM. 


11, Ensifolia 


Ligules about 1 mm. long; sheaths or some of them sparsely spreading-pilose. 
8 P. CURTIFOLIUM. 

Ligules obsolete or nearly so; pubescence if present not spreading. 

Blades prominently white-margined, firm; spikelets densely puberulent. 
Blades puberulent beneath, often above; sheaths and sometimes lower internodes 
ASCOMENME-WUNIDES COM Ge eke ese es Se cs cece 76.. P. TENUE: 
Blades glabrous; sheaths glabrous or minutely ciliate only. 

Uppermost culm blades much reduced; culms branching from lower nodes only, the 


branches repeatedly branching......................-.--.-------- 77. P. ALBOMARGINATUM. 
Uppermost culm blades about as long as the others; culms bearing short branches 
Mmompohempperamd middlenodes:2:.20.25 28 te. 78. P. TRIFOLIUM. 


- Blades not white-margined or very obscurely so (or if white margin evident spikelets only 
1.1 mm. long); spikelets glabrous or puberulent. 
Culms branching only at base; plants soft, light green...................... 82. P. VERNALE. 
Culms branching at the nodes; plants firm or at least not soft. 
Spikelets glabrous. 
Spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long; blades rarely as much as 5 em. long. 
84. P. CHAMAELONCHE. 
Spikelets 1.2 to 1.5 mm. long. 
Blades elongate, at least some of them 8 to 10 cm. long. 
85. P. GLABRIFOLIUM. 


Blades not more than 3 cm, long..........2:-2...:2.::.<tstseeseeeees te 81. P, ENSIFOLIUM. 


632 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Spikelets puberulent. 
Spikelets 1.1 mm. long. Winter blades bluish green, not glossy. 
80. P. CONCINNIUS. 
Spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long. 
Blades involute, falcate, with long stiff hairs on margin near base. Plants stiff 
UNG WAL Y scent Se i A red a ee Ne aoe eee 86. P. BREVE. 
Blades not involute, or at tip only, not falcate. 
Plants bright green; winter blades conspicuous, glossy green. 
79. P. FLAVOVIRENS. 
Plants olive; winter blades not conspicuous nor glossy.... 81. P. ENSIFOLIUM. 


12. Lancearia 


Spikelets .i-o tO.) -Gumm clon ooo eke corete cece scene pee ae 87. P. PORTORICENSE. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long or more. 
Blades, or some of them, at least 8 mm. wide, glabrous on the upper surface; fruit papil- 
lose-roughened Bee ar Pan pierce Ale ely Set eevee cere Es la ete ee Inpep ENS Loerh a e2 kb 90. P. WEBBERIANUM. 
Blades not more than 6 mm. wide (or if wider, puberulent on the upper surface); fruit 
smooth and shining. 
Spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long. Blades narrowed toward the base. 
91. P. PATENTIFOLIUM. 
Spikelets not more than 2.1 mm. long. 
Blades firm, glabrous above; culms stiffly ascending................ 88. P. LANCEARIUM. 
Blades lax, softly puberulent on both surfaces; culms decumbent.... 89. P. PATULUM. 


13. Oligosanthia 


Nodes bearded; blades velvety-pubescent beneath. 
Plants lax, soft-velvety throughout; spikelets not more than 3 mm. long. 
93. P. MALACOPHYLLUM. 
Plants stiff, pubescence harsh; spikelets about 4 mm. long__.............. 97. P. RAVENELII. 
Nodes not bearded (or but obscurely so in P. wilcorianwm); blades not velvety. 
Panicle narrow, branches erect, or spreading only at anthesis. Blades erect. 
Spikelets not more than 3 mm. long; blades not more than 6 mm. wide. 
92. P. WILCOXIANUM. 
Spikelets 3.7 to 4 mm. long; blades 8 to 20 mm. wide. 
Bladespapillose hispid 2. eos: oe Sore 2a ae oo eee 98. P. LEIBERGII. 
Blades elabrous on both surfaces...-..2.- 2 es 99. P. XANTHOPHYSUM. 
Panicle about as wide as long. 
Spikelets narrowly obovate, subacute; plants olivaceous, appressed-pubescent. 
P. OLIGOSANTHES. 
Spikelets broadly obovate, turgid, blunt; plants green, the pubescence, if present, not 
appressed. 
Blades erect, not more than 6 mm. wide; plants copiously hirsute throughout. 
92. P. WILCOXIANUM. 
Blades ascending or spreading, rarely less than 8 mm. wide, usually wider; plants not 
hirsute throughout. 
Spikelets 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long; blades firm; sheaths or some of them more or less 


ISP eens SA cokes 25 ARES Oe een ore pL Seek ce 95. P. SCRIBNERIANUM. 
Spikelets not more than 3 mm. long; blades rather thin; sheaths, or some of them, 
glabrous.or/sparsely hispidi-c. 4 26 valk Clee ee 94. P. HELLERI. 


14. Pedicellata 


Culms erect or leaning; blades thin, 5 to 9 em. long, narrowed toward the base. 
100. P. PEDICELLATUM. 
Culms decumbent; blades thick, not more than 5 em. long, not narrowed toward the base. 


101. P. NopATUM. 


15. Scoparia 


Pubescence soft-villous or velvety. Spikelets abruptly pointed_........... 102. P. scoparium. 
Pubescence when present not velvety. 
Spikelets elliptic. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long; second glume and sterile lemma pointed beyond the fruit. 
1038. P. ACULEATUM. 
Spikelets not more than 2.8 mm. long; second glume and sterile lemma eee a if at 
all, pointed beyond the fruit. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 633 


Culms glabrous; sheaths not viscid-spotted; spikelets 2.2 to 2.9 mm. long, sparsely 
FOU CSCO M hummen renner streesr et ences TNS ST 104. P. RECOGNITUM. 
Culms pilose with ascending hairs, the nodes densely pubescent; sheaths conspicu- 
ously viscid-spotted; spikelets 1.8 to 2.2 mm. long, densely pubescent. 
105. P. MUNDUM. 
Spikelets ovate, that is, broadest below the middle. 
Sheaths or some of them hispid, rarely glabrous; autumnal phase with crowded branch- 
| SS eee a OR ate ee 106. P. SCABRIUSCULUM. 
Sheaths glabrous; autumnal phase sparingly branching.......... 107. P. crypraNnrHuM. 


16. Commutata 


Plants glaucous, glabrous; basal blades conspicuously ciliate; vernal culms usually solitary. 
110. P. MUTABILE, 
Plants not glaucous. 
Blades nearly linear, that is, with parallel margins; first glume about half as long as the 
ES) ON LEC are de oP 112. P. EQUILATERALE. 
Blades lanceolate. 
Culms crisp-puberulent; blades usually rigid, symmetrical, rarely more than 10 mm. 
wide spikelets: about, 2.0 mm. LONG... 2 oe ee ee 108. P. ASHEI. 
Culms glabrous or softly puberulent; blades firm or lax; spikelets 2.7 to 3.2 mm. long. 
Culms erect, or autumnal phase leaning; blades symmetrical, broadly cordate. 
109. P. COMMUTATUM. 
Culms decumbent; blades usually asymmetrical and falcate, narrowed to the scarcely 
COLOUR ISILGSY | Oe STS aa Rt 111. P. soortt. 


17. Latifolia 


Sheaths strongly papillose-hispid, at least the lower and those of the branches. 
113. P. CLANDESTINUM. 
Sheaths glabrous or softly villous. 
Nodes glabrous; spikelets 3.4 to 3.7 mm. long............ 0... 114. P. LATIFOLIUM. 
Nodes bearded; spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long........2...0220002.222222--222-2eeeeeeeeee ee 115. P. BoscIt. 


Subgenus 3. Hupanicum 
la. Plants annual. 
Inflorescence consisting of several more or less secund spikelike racemes; fruit transversely 


TOOLS cn ica 8c PR, TO EN OI ts gee ce SO 3. FAScICULATA. 
Inflorescence a more or less diffuse panicle. 
Spilkeletsrubenculatels st la. 8 i ee be 13. VERRUCOSA. 


Spikelets not tuberculate. 
First glume not more than one-fourth the length of the spikelet, truncate or triangu- 
|| aWle-=6T1 ON SENG LL ate ase i ca aR is a aa De 4, DICHOTOMIFLORA. 
First glume usually as much as half the length of the spikelet, acute or acuminate. 
Blades linear; spikelets more than 1.7 mm. long, the second glume and sterile lemma 


paimtedrbevondsthe fruitst0 pe eee ee 5. CAPILLARIA. 
Blades ovate-lanceolate; spikelets about 1.8 mm. long, the second glume and sterile 
lemma not pointed beyond the fruit...........--.. 7. TRICHOIDEA. 


1b. Plants perennial. 
2a. Spikelets short-pediceled along one side of the rachises, forming spikelike racemes 
(compare Agrostoidia with 1-sided but not spikelike panicle branches). 
First glume nearly equaling the sterile lemma. 
Racemes spreading; fruit not more than one-third the length of the spikelet. 


GYMNOCARPA. 
Racemes appressed; fruit nearly as long as the spikelet.............-.........- 15. OsrTusa. 
First glume much shorter than the sterile lemma. 
Fruit transversely rugose. 
Nodes) olallbvo usin eran tire) tase aero eens i aes 1. GEMINATA. 
INtodesibcandetacatemst see ee 2. PuRPURASCENTIA. 
Ter Ube O RMOO Se 2: etee we) ohana ea 16. HermiroMa. 


2b. Spikelets in open or sometimes contracted or congested panicles (somewhat 1-sided 
in Agrostoidia). : 


Fruit transversely rugose (obscurely so in P. plenwm)..........---------------------- 8. Maxima. 

Fruit not transversely rugose. . 
Srollseletsisvillouse so erties dain gi i 14. URvILLEANA. 
Spikelets glabrous. 


' Sterile palea enlarged and indurate at maturity, expanding the spikelet. Blades 


634 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


scarcely wider than their sheaths; spikelets about 2.3 mm. long, borne toward 
the: ends of the few slender‘ branches!2= 2 ses ee eee 12.) WAKA: 
Sterile palea, if present, not enlarged. 
Plants with conspicuous creeping scaly rhizomes. 
Spikelets long-pediceled, not secund, arranged in an open or contracted 


DamiCle. ses ee et oe a ee a ane ele ee ee 9. VIRGATA. 
Spikelets short-pediceled, more or less secund along the nearly simple panicle 
branched... ™< 455) | eee eee ee eee 11. AGROSTOIDIA. 


Plants without creeping scaly rhizomes. 
Panicles narrow and few-flowered; culms erect and wiry; blades drying in- 
VOL CC et os ke 2 ee ee ee 10. TENERA. 
Panicles open or contracted, many-flowered. 
Spikelets short-pediceled along the nearly simple panicle branches. 
11. AGROSTOIDIA. 
Spikelets long-pediceled, the panicle open.........--.----------------—- 6. DIFFusa. | 


1. Geminata 


Spikelets 3 mm. long; glumes and sterile lemma papery........--.------- 117. P. PALUDIVAGUM. | 
Spikelets not more than 2.4 mm. long; glumes and sterile lemma not papery. : 
116. P. GEMINATUM. 
2, Purpurascentia 


IE SIN MIC SPECICS2 6. ec 3th Aree ee eee feet ntnt b 118. P. PURPURASCENS. 


wy 01 kel (SUHSY LOE ONL ONG FOP at Ko) 0) Cala eeeeet eee eee Sueeerie eee | ea Bea ee cnana Bee eens ee 124. P. TEXANUM. 
Spikelets 2 to 4 mm. long. 
Spikelets strongly reticulate-veined, 2 to 3 mm. long, glabrous.... 120. P. FascIcULATUM. 
Spikelets scarcely reticulate-veined or only near apex. 
Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long, glabrous..................222.--2---------- 119. P. REPTANS. 
Spikelets more than 3 mm. long, pubescent. 
Rachis scabrous but not bristly; spikelets acuminate-pointed, 4 to 4.5 mm. long. 
121. P. ADSPERSUM. 
Rachis and/or pedicels bristly-hirsute; spikelets acute, pubescent, or sometimes 
glabrous, 3 to 4 mm. long. 
Rachis and pedicels bristly-hirsute; blades lanceolate, rarely more than 7 mm. wide. 
123. P. ARIZONICUM. 
Rachis scabrous, only the pedicels bristly-hirsute; blades ovate-lanceolate, as much 
AGS E25 CUT Wl Ghee oes sae eee td nye arreeeetie Patpesio aes owe 122. P. RAMOSUM. 


4, Dichotomiflora 


Plants perennial; blades elongate, 2 to 38 mm. wide.....................-....-...-. 127. P. LACUSTRE. 
Plants annual; blades mostly 5 to 15 mm. wide. 
mlbeaths 2a brOUs sees er ee eee oe ee 125. P. DICHOTOMIFLORUM. 
Wea USy 1) Api OSG icecream ee eh ree ee meee Bee oh eee 126. P. BARTOWENSE. 


5. Capillaria 


Panicles drooping; spikelets 4.5 to 5 mm. long. .............22..2-2------cesseeee 138. P. MILIACEUM. 
Panicles erect; spikelets not more than 4 mm. long. 
Panicles more than half the length of the entire plant. 


Panicles narrow, usually less than half as broad as long...............-..-- 128. P. FLEXILE. 
Panicles as broad as long. 
iruitewishout star at basestct 11s wereld rye ayers 2 eee 133. P.-CAPILLARE. 
Bruitewith a nate scar atlases: smes ole aly eee eee 134. P. HILLMANI. 


Panicles not more than one-third the entire height of the plant. 
Spikelets a more than 2.2 mm. long, acute but not long-acuminate (see also P. hir- 
sutum 
Culms relatively stout; blades about 1 em. wide; spikelets turgid. 
129. P. GATTINGERI. 
Culms slender; blades not more than 6 mm. wide; spikelets not turgid. 
Spikelets 1.7 mm. long; foliage green. 
Axallary pulvinizpilose2: 32.33 SS ae 130. P. PHILADELPHICUM. 
Axa a ipy ape vat a TOUS ee aes eee 132. P. TUCKERMANI. 
Spikelets 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long; foliage conspicuously tinged with purple, the blades 
(5 2 C1 eR RRR N ie Mey we ped MAN ys ens Mee ABIES A Peta Fh ck gpk tT 131. P. LITHOPHILUM. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 635 


Spikletes 2.7 to 4 mm. long, acuminate. 

First glume about one-third the length of the spikelet, subacute or blunt. 

137. P. STRAMINEUM. 
First glume usually more than half the length of the spikelet, acuminate. 

First glume more than three-fourths the length of the spikelet; spikelets 4 mm. long. 
136. P. PAMPINOSUM. 
First glume half to two-thirds the length of the spikelet; spikelets not more than 
Se TMT OS eens Seer, Sec saat eee ua ee a 135. P. HIRTICAULE. 


6. Diffusa 


Second glume and sterile lemma elongate, at least three times as long as the fruit. 
139. P. CAPILLARIOIDES. 
Second glume and sterile lemma not elongate. 
Culms as much as | em. thick; blades 2 cm. wide or more ................ 144. P. HIRSUTUM. 
Culms slender; blades not more than 1 cm. wide. 
Spikelets 4 to 4.2 mm. long; midnerves of glumes and sterile lemma scabrous toward 
THEN) 29 OYED'C. acc a Me a RLS ae ee 142. P. LEPIDULUM. 
Spikelets usually less than 3.5 mm. long. 
Blades hirsute on both surfaces (sometimes glabrescent), not at all glaucous. 
143. P. GHIESBREGHTI. 
Blades glabrous on both surfaces or with a few hairs on either surface, glaucous above. 
Panicle much exceeding the leaves; spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long (rarely 3.7 mm.). 
141. P. HALLIL. 
Panicle usually equaled or exceeded by the uppermost blades; spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. 


|UD Rn AAS oa ROE pate ans eet i i a Sa foc meee 140. PP. FILIPES. 
7. Trichoidea 
PAM STING CUS WE CIO See Sensei eB es eA en oo ace necdea lc Sessnesi 145. P. TRICHOIDES. 
&. Maxima 
Cwlimsawithea Commiikerbases | Ps ee Ace 148. P. BULBOSUM. 
Culms not cormlike at base. 
Nodes hirsute; ligules 4 to 6 mm. long; fruit strongly rugose.............. 146. P. MAXIMUM. 
Nodes glabrous; ligules 2 mm. long; fruit obscurely rugose................-- 147. P. PLENUM. 
9, Virgata 


Spikelets not more than 2.5 mm. long, first glume less than half the length of the spikelet. 
Panicle loosely flowered; first glume truncate, about one-fifth the length of the spikelet. 
149. P. REPENS. 
Panicle rather densely flowered; first glume triangular, about one-third the length of the 
SOUKe le (eserar weet bead eit Ome a Tot Shee Te ah ee 150. P. GOUINI. 
Spikelets 3 to 7 mm. long (sometimes less than 3 mm. in P. virgatum var. cubense); first 
glume more than half the length of the spikelet. 
Panicle elongate, strongly contracted; seacoast plants. 
Culms rarely 1 m. tall, solitary from the nodes of the horizontal rhizome. 
153. P. AMARUM. 


Culmisele tor2ametalleim: dense. tufts... 2.20 ieee cece decease 154. P. AMARULUM. 
Panicle diffuse, or only slightly contracted; plants sometimes of salt marshes but not 
littoral. 


Spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; culms solitary, with a creeping base.... 152. P. HAVARDII. 
Spikelets less than 5 mm. long (in exceptional specimens 6 mm. long); culms erect, pro- 
ducmesmumaerous. sCaly, @hiZOMes.-.. 2... <2 22. sci sc ce ceecsccee ccc eeoe coun 151. P. vincaTUM. 


10. Tenera 
PASSIONS VC Cle Sema MR sank Lee ee Se ccce 155. P. TENERUM. 


11. Agrostoidea 


metres prea ; culms but little compressed; spikelets set obliquely on the appressed 
pedicels. 

Panicles open; spikelets 3.4 to 3.8 mm. long (shorter in exceptional specimens). 
162. P. ANCEPS. 

Panicles more or less contracted; spikelets not more than 2.8 mm. long. 
163. P. RHIZOMATUM. 
Rhizomes wanting; culms strongly compressed with keeled sheaths; spikelets not obliquely 

disposed (except in P. abscissum). 


636 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Ligule ciliate; basal leaves half as long as the culm or more; panicle much exceeding the 


upper leaves. 


Spikelets not more than 2.7 mm., usually 2.5 mm. long, the first glume less than half 
1 


that length; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long 


P. LONGIFOLIUM. 


Spikelets 3 to 3.5 mm. long; first glume two-thirds to three-fourths that length; ligule 


less than dvmm, long.2.. =i 


Bee ney Ssh eal iy eras Pita San. 161. P. comssti. 


Ligule erose or lacerate, not ciliate; basal leaves in short tufts, the upper usually nearly 


equaling the terminal panicle. 


Fruit stipitate; spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, conspicuously secund. 


159. P. STIPITATUM. 


Fruit not stipitate; spikelets not conspicuously secund. 
Sheaths much broader at the summit than the base of the blades, truncate or auricu- 


sine Seo > ih ee eee 156. P. ABSCISSUM. 


Sheaths about as wide at the summit as the base of the blades. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 2 mm., in occasional specimens 2.2 mm. long; panicle branches 


ascending or spreading 


eee eee Re eee peer 157. P. AGROSTOIDES. 


Spikelets about 2.5 mm. long; panicle branches erect or nearly so. 


158. P. CONDENSUM. 


12. Laxa 


A single species 


MRR MNES CY eee REE Oe es oe 164. P. HIANS. 


13. Verrucosa 


Spikelets about 2 mm. long, glabrous, warty 


Spikelets more than 3 mm. long, hispid 


14. Urvilleana 


A single species 


A single species 


Dela ope a ae eee 167. P. URVILLEANUM. 


Dos eee tea ae OE 168. P. oBTUSUM. 


16. Hemitoma 


Avaingle species. sole) tie eet 


AR AOR ENE ARS AST SOY LED 159. P. HEMITOMON. 


17. Gymnocarpa 


A single species 


ITN OS OAR C= nar.28 170. P. GYMNOCARPON. 


SUBGENUS 1. PAUROCHAETIUM Hitchc. and Chase 


Perennials; culms tufted, erect, blades 
not more than 7 mm. wide; 
panicle slender, the branches 
short, appressed, the ultimate 
branchlets bearing 1 to several 
spikelets, produced beyond the 
uppermost spikelet as a bristle 
1 to 6 mm. long; spikelets much 
swollen on the face, glabrous, 
strongly mnerved; fruit trans- 
versely rugose, apiculate. 


1. Panicum chapmani Vasey. (Fig. 
910.) Culms ascending or spreading, 
slender, wiry, 40 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades erect, rather firm, 15 to 40 cm. 
long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, more or less 
involute when dry; panicle mostly 20 
to 30 cm. long; bristle 3 to 6 mm. 
long; spikelets 2 to 2.2 mm. long, 


Figure 910.—Panicum chapmani. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


obovate; first glume about one-third 
as long as the spikelet, obtuse or 
truncate. 2 —Coral sand and 
shell mounds, southern Florida; Ba- 
hamas; Yucatan. 

2. Panicum ramisétum  Scribn. 
(Fig. 911.) Culms erect or ascending 
from short horizontal rhizomes, 25 to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


FicurE 911.—Panicum ramisetum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


60 cm. tall; blades 5 to 12 cm. long, 
2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle 5 to 20 cm. 


637 


[> 


a Be 
FiGuRE 913.—Panicum firmulum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 912.—Panicum reverchoni. Panicle, X 2; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


long; bristle not exceeding the spike- 
let; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, 
obovate; first glume about half as 
long as the spikelet. 2 —Sandy 
plains and prairies, southern Texas 
and northern Mexico. 

3. Panicum reverch6ni Vasey. (Fig. 
912.) Culms stiffly erect, from short 
rhizomes, 30 to 70 cm. tall; blades 
erect, stiff, 5 to 20 cm. long, 2 to 3 
mm. wide; panicle 5 to 20 cm. long; 
spikelets 1 to 4 to a branchlet, the 
bristle equaling or exceeding the spike- 
let; spikelets 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long, 
elliptic; first glume about half as long 


as the spikelet. 2 —Rocky or 
sandy prairies and limestone hills, 
Texas. 

4, Panicum firmulum Hitche. and 
Chase. (Fig. 913.) Culms ascending 
or decumbent at base, 30 to 40 cm. 
tall, rather loosely tufted from creep- 
ing knotted rhizomes as much as 5 
em. long; blades ascending or spread- 
ing, firm, 4 to 10 cm. long, 4 to 7 
mm. wide; bristle 1-to 2 times as 
long as the spikelet; spikelets 3 to 
3.2 mm. long, obovate; first glume 
half as long as the spikelet. 2 — 
Sandy prairies, southern Texas. 


638 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
SUBGENUS 2. DICHANTHELIUM Hitche. and Chase 


Perennial, from a crown, rarely from short matted rhizomes, surrounded by a 
more or less well-marked rosette of usually short winter leaves, in spring 
producing simple culms with mostly narrowly lanceolate blades .and 
terminal panicles with numerous spikelets, these rarely perfecting seed 
(or occasionally in Lanuginosa group and in P. clandestinum); early culms 
branching at some or all of the nodes (in a few species from the base only) 
after the maturity of the primary panicles or sometimes before; branches 
often repeatedly branching, the short branchlets more or less fascicled 
and bearing usually much reduced leaves; the terminal one or two joints 
of the primary culm often finally falling, the whole producing an autumnal 
phase usually strikingly different from the vernal phase; secondary pani- 
cles reduced, the latest more or less included in the sheaths, the spikelets 
cleistogamous and perfecting their grains. The species of this subgenus 
are usually known as dichotomous panicums because they are related to 
Panicum dichotomum. 


Key to the species of subgenus 2 trrespective of the growps 


la. Spikelets glabrous. 
2a. Spikelets 8 mm. long or more, strongly nerved. 
Spikelets pointed; blades elongate ......... 22.222 5. P. DEPAUPERATUM. 
Spikelets blunt; blades not elongate. 
Spikelets 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long; blades firm; sheaths, or some of them, hispid. 
95. P. SCRIBNERIANUM. 
Spikelets not more than 3 mra. long; blades rather thin; sheaths glabrous or sparsely 
Ich (3) 0) 0 Bot San ee el Re Se SMe ae ea Nee ie Ski NG. Me 94. P. HELLERI. 
2b. Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. 
3a. Second glume and sterile lemma exceeding the fruit and pointed beyond it. Spike- 
lets 2.2 to 2.9 mm. long. 


Blades clustered toward the base..2 -..0../028..-422- 26. P. NUDICAULE. 
Blades not clustered toward the base. 
Sheaths, at least the secondary, hispid................-..-------- 106. P. SCABRIUSCULUM. 
Sheaths glabrous. , 
Bladestirm: frinit 12a mm. 1Om oe eee eee ee 107. P. cRYPTANTHUM. 
Blades thin; fruit nearly 2mm. long. ee 35. P. YADKINENSE. 


3b. Second glume and sterile lemma not pointed beyond the fruit. 
4a. Ligule manifest, 1 to 3 mm. long. 
Culms rather stout; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; sheaths glabrous........ 40. P. SPRETUM. 
Culms slender; ligule 1 mm. long; sheaths sparsely pilose...... 83. P. CURTIFOLIUM. 
4b. Ligule obsolete. 
5a. Spikelets 1.5 mm. or less long. 


ING GESHO AGC CO aersetee seer a eure eee ee ee ee 27. P. MICROCARPON. 
Nodes not bearded. 
Culms and ‘blades pilose... 3 as 2 ee ea 13. P. sTRIGOSUM. 


Culms glabrous. 
Blades conspicuously ciliate; plants branching at base only. 
12. P. POLYCAULON. 
Blades not ciliate; plants branching from middle or upper nodes. 

Vernal culms 50 cm. tall or more; spikelets turgid, strongly nerved; 
autumnal phase erect, with fascicled branches shorter than the 
plimaty, internodes 5 a. se eee 37. P. CAERULESCENS. 

Vernal culms usually much less than 50 cm. tall; autumnal phase spread- 
ing or reclining. 

Spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. long; blades rarely as much as 5 cm. long. 
84. P. CHAMAELONCHE. 
Spikelets 1.2 to 1.4 mm. long. 
Blades elongate, at least some of them 8 to 10 cm. long. 
85. P. GLABRIFOLIUM. 
Blades not more than 3 em. long..............-...-... 81. P. ENSIFOLIUM. 
5b. Spikelets 2 mm. long or more. 
ae elongate, some of them 20 times as long as wide; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 mm. 
ong. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 639 


Blades erect; branches, when present, from the lower nodes only. 
8. P. WERNERI. 
Blades spreading; branches from upper nodes...........-...-.- 24. P. BICKNELLII. 
Blades not elongate, about 10 times as long as wide. 
Culms soon prostrate, vinelike; branches divaricate. 
Plants bright green; culms lax; spikelets not more than 2.1 mm. long. 
38. P. LUCIDUM. 
Plants grayish green; culms stiff; spikelets 25 mm. long. 
39. P. SPHAGNICOLA. 
Culms not vinelike; branches not divaricate. 
Spikelets 2.3 to 2.6 mm. long. 
Blades, or some of them, at least 8 mm. wide; fruit papillose-roughened. 
90. P. WEBBERIANUM. 
Blades not more than 6 mm. wide; fruit smooth and shining. 
91. P. PATENTIFOLIUM. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long. 
Culms wiry, crisp-puberulent; blades ciliate at base. 
88. P. LANCEARIUM. 
Culms glabrous; blades not ciliate. 
Blades erect, firm; spikelets turgid, strongly nerved; plants grayish 
(ONT (one er ee hy ea oo ORD Ee Oe RAE RN 36. P. ROANOKENSE. 
Blades spreading; spikelets not turgid. 
Autumnal phase branched like a little tree; nodes glabrous or some 


SW aArsel V7 WuOSe ey Ss rie ay Note ISU 33. P. DICHOTOMUM. 
Autumnal phase topheavy-reclining; nodes, at least the lower, 
bearded, rarely glabrous.....................--....- 34. P. BARBULATUM. 


lb. Spikelets pubescent. 
6a. Spikelets 3 mm. or more long. 
7a. Blades elongate, those of the midculm at least 15 times as long as wide. 
Secondary panicles from basal sheaths only. 


Spikelets pointed, about 3.5 mm. long............0..220.22-022.2---- 5. P. DEPAUPERATUM. 
Spikelets blunt, about 3 to 3.2 mm. long.............0022002220.222------- 6. P. pERLONGUM. 


Secondary panicles from upper branches. 
Spikelets attentuate at base, pustulose-pubescent ; lowermost sheaths softly villous. 
20. P. FUSIFORME. 
Ppikelets pot attentuate at base, not pustulose; lowermost sheaths glabrous or 
ispid. 
Upper leaves approximate, sheaths glabrous.................. 112. P. BQUILATERALE. 
Upper leaves distant; at least the lower sheaths hispid... 103. P. acuLEATUM. 
7b. Blades not elongate, usually less than 10 times as long as wide. 
8a. Blades velvety-pubescent beneath. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long; plants velvety-villous throughout. 
93. P. MALACOPHYLLUM. 
Spikelets 4 mm. long or more. 
Sheaths ascending-hirsute; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long................ 97. P. RAVENELII. 
Sheaths downy-pubescent; ligule obsolete.............. 115. P. Bosci var. MOLLE. 
8b. Blades not velvety-pubescent beneath. 
9a. Sheaths glabrous or minutely puberulent only. 
Nodes bearded; spikelets 4 mm. long or more.............--.------------ 115. P. Boscrt. 
Nodes not bearded; spikelets not more than 3.8 mm. long. 
Spikelets 3.5 to 3.8 mm. long; blades 2 em. wide or more. 
114. P. LATIFOLIUM. 
Spikelets scarcely more than 3 mm. long. 
Spikelets turgid, blunt; blades mostly less than 1 cm. wide. 
94. P. HELLERI. 
Spikelets not turgid; blades more than 1 cm. wide. 
Panicle narrow, the branches ascending; spikelets on long stiff pedicels. 
25. P. CALLIPHYLLUM. 
Panicle as broad as long, the branches spreading. 
Plants glaucous; basal blades conspicuously ciliate. 
110. P. MUTABILE. 
Plants not glaucous; basal blades not ciliate, or at the base only. > 
Culms erect, or autumnal phase leaning; blades symmetrical, broadly 
COU AGC ce Meee ste OnE aE lida i Dea 109. P. COMMUTATUM. 
Culms decumbent; blades usually unsymmetrical and falcate, nar- 
rowed to the scarcely cordate base..............---- 111. P. soor!t. 


640 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


9b. Sheaths pubescent. 
Pubescence ascending or appressed. 
Spikelets 3 to 3.2 mm. long; first glume conspicuously remote. 
65. P. MALACON. 
Spikelets 3.5 to 4 mm. long; first glume not remote.... 96. P. OLIGOSANTHES. 
Pubescence spreading, sometimes sparse. 
Plants robust, about 1 m. tall; blades usually 2 em. or more wide. 
113. P. CLANDESTINUM. 
Plants rarely more than 50 cm. tall; blades rarely more than 1.5 cm. wide. 
Panicle about as wide as long; blades ascending or spreading. 
Spikelets attentuate at base, 3.5 to4 mm. long... See 14. PEpIcELLATA. 
Spikelets not attentuate at base, not more than 3.3 mm. long. 
Spikelets 3.2 to 3.3 mm. long: blades firm; sheaths, or some of them, 


more’ or léss hispid. = 21-..752 | Bi 95. P. SCRIBNERTANUM. 
Spikelets not more than 3 mm. long; blades rather thin; sheaths, or 
some of them, glabrous or sparsely hispid.......... 94. P. HELLERI. 


Panicle narrow, the branches erect (sometimes ascending in P. wilcorianum), 
or spreading at anthesis only; blades erect. 
Spikelets not more than 3 mm. long; ; blades not more than 6 mm. wide. 
92. P. WILCOXIANUM. 
Spikelets 3.7 to 4 mm. long; blades 8 to 20 mm. wide. 
Blades papillose-hispid 2 =e Oe 98. P. LEIBERGI. 
Blades glabrous on both surfaces.-.....2.......--- 99. P. XANTHOPHYSUM. 
6b. Spikelets less than 3 mm. long. 
10a. Blades elongate, not more than 5 mm. wide; secondary panicles at the base only 
or wanting. 
Culms single or few in a tuft; spikelets turgid, 2.7 to 3 mm. long. 
6. P. PERLONGUM. 
Culms in large tufts; spikelets not turgid, not more than 2.7 mm. long. 
Het ONS PHOSe 8 cee oe eee ie NSA Ee ea eae 7. P. LINEARIFOLIUM. 
heats ela brOuUs 2 fe oe NO ee ee 8. P. WERNERI. 
10b. Blades usually not elongate; secondary panicles not at the base. 
lla. Spikelets attentuate at base, mostly prominently pustulose. Blades narrow, 
stiff, strongly nerved, tapering from base to apex. 
Nodes bearded; plants grayish-villous; autumnal blades flat. 
Spikelets 2 Hi One ee 16. P. CHRYSOPSIDIFOLIUM. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long..........---.---.-------0e---o--o-- 17. P. CONSANGUINEUM. 
Nodes not bearded; plants villous only at the base, or nearly glabrous. 
Autumnal blades flat. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long; panicle branches loosely ascending. 
15. P. BENNETTENSE. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long; panicle branches widely spreading at anthesis. 
18. P. ANGUSTIFOLIUM. 
Autumnal blades involute; lower panicle branches more or less ascending. 
Spikelets pointed beyond the fruit, fusiform................. 19. P. PINETORUM. 
Spikelets blunt, obovate. 
Plants glabrous or nearly so. 
Spikelets subsecund along the suberect panicle branches. 
23. P. NEURANTHUM. 
Spikelets not subsecund; panicle loose and open............ 22. P. ovINUM. 
Plants pubescent, at least on the lower half. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm. long; vernal blades 7 to 12 em. long; autumnal 


blades not faléate 102 sit Be ea 21. P. ARENICOLOIDES. 
Spikelets not more than 2 mm. long; vernal blades 4 to 6 cm. long; au- 
tumnal blades faleate<. 222 Sea 14. P. ACICULARE. 


lib. Spikelets not attentuate at base. 
12a. Sheaths retrorsely pilose. Blades soft and lax. 
Blades ciliate and more or less pilose on the surface; spikelets 2 mm. long. 
10. P. XALAPENSE. 
Blades glabrous or nearly so on the surface and margin; spikelets 2.2 mm. long. 
9. P. LAXIFLORUM. 
12b. Sheaths not retrorsely pilose. 
13a. Ligule manifest, mostly 2 to 5 mm. long, at least 1 mm. long. 
Sheaths, or all but the low est, glabrous; spikelets not more than 1.6 mm. long. 
Panicle narrow, one-fourth to one-third as wide as long.... 40. P. SPRETUM. 
Panicle open, nearly as wide as long. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 641 


Spikelets espmamiclomeis. 228. 2.5.2 hel et a eee 41. P. LINDHEIMERI. 
Sjotkelets) le Unni SLO mes eas ee esse sa cece 43. P. LONGILIGULATUM. 
Sheaths pubescent. 
Ligule 1 mm. long; sheaths sparsely pilose; spikelets 1.4 mm. long. 


83. P. CURTIFOLIUM. 
Ligule usually more than 1 mm. long. 


Ligule 1 to 1.5 mm. long. Culms and sheaths appressed-pubescent; 
spikelets 1.5 mm. long or more. 
spikelets!2:8: to 2:9)mmjlong 2-2... feo oleae 66. P. DEAMII. 
Spikelets less than 2 mm. long. 
Spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long; plants bluish green. 
70. P. TSUGETORUM. 
Spikelets 1.5 mm. long, nearly globular; plants olivaceous. 


72. P. ORICOLA. 
Ligule 2 to 5 mm. long. 


Spikelets 1 to 1.8 mm. long; culms and sheaths softly appressed-pubes- 


cent. 
Spikelets 1.2 to 1.3 mm. long....-...:.........-......-- 42. P. LEUCOTHRIX. 
Spikelets not more than 1 mm. long.............. 44, P. WRIGHTIANUM. 


Spikelets mostly more than 1.5 mm. long, if less, pubescence spreading. 
See 8. LANUGINOSA. 
13b. Ligule obsolete or less than 1 mm. long. 
14a. Nodes bearded (P. scoparitum may appear to be bearded). 
Spikelets nearly 3 mm. long; plants velvety-villous throughout. 
93. P. MALACOPHYLLUM. 
Spikelets rarely as much as 2.5 mm. long; plants not pubescent throughout. 
Spikelets4i.5.to; U.6).mm.lomgt. 2:22! 27. P. MICROCARPON. 
Spikelets 2 mm. long or more (sometimes 1.8 mm. in P. mundum). 
Blades all velvety; autumnal phase usually sparingly branching. 
2 P, ANNULUM. 
Blades glabrous, or only the lower pubescent or velvety. 

Autumnal phase profusely branching, the branchlets forming large 
clusters at the nodes of the primary culms. Upper sheaths usu- 
allyzolandulanispotted 2222-5. 22. 2s. 28. P. NITIDUM. 

Autumnal phase sparingly branching. 

Lower sheaths or blades velvety-pilose. 
Sheaths and upper nodes glabrous... 2 ols, SPUCLUTED 
Lower sheaths and all the nodes pubescent. _ 
30. P. MATTAMUSKEETENSE. 
Lower sheaths ascending-pilose or glabrate, not velvety, the blades 
glabrous or papillose-ciliate toward the base. 


105. P. MUNDUM. 
14b. Nodes not bearded. 
15a. Plants densely gray-velvety throughout, a viscid, glabrous ring below 


MCR O Ces ete Nett eC A ROT se Se 102. P. SCOPARIUM. 
15b. Plants not gray-velvety. 


16a. Sheaths or some of them pilose or hispid. 
Pubescence papillose-hispid, papillose-pilose, or sometimes glabrate. 
Spikelets glabrous, ovate, pointed beyond the fruit, the first glume 
shorts broadly acute..24 4.22223 22s 106. P. SCABRIUSCULUM. 
Spikelets pubescent or pilose, obovate or elliptic, the first glume 
longer, acute. 
Blades about 2 cm. wide, often as much as 3 cm.; fruit distinctly 


shorter than the spikelet {0 <i ae 113. P. CLANDESTINUM. 
Blades less than 15 mm. wide; fruit near ly as long as the spikelet. 
Blades flat, 8 to 15 mm. wide Wyeet er he ne 104. P. RECOGNITUM. 


Blades involute-acuminate, not more than 6 mm. wide. 
92. P. WILCOXIANUM. 
Pubescence ascending-pilose. 
Spikelets:2:8 to 203mm. long... hale eee 66. P. DEAMII. 
Spikelets not more than 2.5 mm. long. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long. 
Winter blades elongate, . to 10 cm. long; plants bluish green; 
spikelets 2 mm. long .................. 69. P. WILMINGTONENSE. 
Winter blades 1 to 3 cm. long; plants olivaceous. 
Spikelets about 2.4 mm. long; panicle open, branches stiffly 
SPLCAGI Ger eee c lati Ri se 67. P. COMMONSIANUM. 


642 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Spikelets 2 to 2.1 mm. long; panicle rather dense, branches 
ascending. <n... 200 a Sree 68. P. ADDISONII. 
Spikelets not more than 1.7 mm. long. 
Blades white-margined; spikelets 1.6 to 1.7 pune long, elliptic. 
6 


.  PPTENUE. 
Blades not white-margined; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, nearly 
plobulare.- Si ees 71. P. COLUMBIANUM Var. THINIUM. 


16b. Sheaths glabrous or puberulent only. 
17a. Spikelets spherical, not more than 1.8 mm. long. Blades cordate, 
ciliate at: base.2. 2M 2135s oe eae Ee eree See 10. SPHAEROCARPA. 
17b. Spikelets not spherical. 
18a. Culms soon prostrate, vinelike; branches divaricate. 
Plants bright green; culms lax; spikelets not more than 2.1 mm. 
1K) a ee pate eRe meer ieee Soe er been Rene ede rer, EN 38. P. LUCIDUM. 
Plants grayish green; culms stiff; spikelets 2.5 mm. long. 
39. P. SPHAGNICOLA. 
18b. Culms not vinelike; branches not divaricate. 
19a. Spikelets asymmetrically pyriform, strongly nerved; culms 
WAT ese ISe) os can ee Reet eee en ch ae Ba See 12. LANcCEARIA. 
19b. Spikelets not pyriform. 
20a. Blades elongate, especially the upper, about 20 times as 
long as wide. Spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, on long pedicels. 
P. BICKNELLII. 
20b. Blades not elongate. (See continuation.) 
(Continuation.) 
21a. Spikelets 2 mm. long or more. 
Spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; blades cordate, usually 1 cm. or more wide. 
Plants glaucous; basal blades conspicuously ciliate._.......-.. 110. P. MUTABILE. 
Plants not glaucous; basal blades ciliate at base only. 
Culms crisp-puberulent; blades rarely more than 1 cm. wide; spikelets about 2.5 mm. 
| Ko) ee eae arn te se OS i, eae Marin PAS oR ius MG Ba ed Az ho.) 1 heer 103. P. ASHEI. 
Culms glabrous or obscurely puberulent; blades usually 1.5 em. wide or more; spike- 
lets. 257) G0. afm: Lome. ek sae J an ae ts 109. P. COMMUTATUM. 
Spikelets not more than 2.3 mm. long; blades not cordate, usually less than 1 cm. wide. 
Blades conspicuously ciliate, soft, lax, crowded at the base................ it, PP. cruarum: 
Blades not ciliate or at base only, not crowded at the base. 
Blades not more than 6 mm. wide; plants not branching or rarely branching from 
MC ATY DNE WASC! oe 1k Se Sate ee ee one ee ees eR cae a 8. P. WERNERI. 
Blades 7 mm. wide or more; plants branching from middle and upper nodes. 


Primary blades spreading; panicle purplish; fruit exposed at summit. 
31. ee. ChULET 


Primary blades erect; panicle green; fruit covered................-.-.- 32. P. BOREALE. 
21b. Spikelets not more than 1.7 mm. long. 
Culms crisp-puberulent; spikelets turgid._...-....--..---.-----.----ee-------+- 71. P. COLUMBIANUM. 


Culms glabrous. 
Blades white-margined, firm. 
Blades puberulent beneath: oftemniabove.... 2. tee 76. P. TENUE. 


Blades glabrous. 
Uppermost blades much reduced; culms branching from lower nodes only, the 


branches repeatedly branching..................---.---------- 77. P, ALBOMARGINATUM. 
Uppermost blades about as long as the others; culms bearing short branches from 
mld dletand Woper MOC. 8: soe eet eee eee 78. P. TRIFOLIUM. 


Blades not white-margined or very obscurely so (or if white margin is evident, spikelets 
only 1.1 mm. long). . 
Culms branching only at base; plants soft, light green___..........-.... 82. P. VERNALE. 
Culms branching at the nodes. 
Spikelets 1.1 mm. long; winter blades bluish green, not glossy. 
80. P. CONCINNIUS. 
Spikelets 1.3 to 1.5 mm. long. 


Blades involute, faleate, with long stiff hairs on margin near base; plants stiff 
PH OY 1A ih ae CS ESL MC renee Moa SLAPEL MERE Come toS i MALS (ol Reo entre Of, 86. P. BREVE. 


Blades not involute or at tip only, not falcate. 


Plants bright green; winter blades conspicuous, glossy green. 
79. P. FLAVOVIRENS. 


Plants olive; winter blades not conspicuous nor glossy.... 81. P. ENSIFOLIUM. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


1. Depauperata.—Ligule less than 1 
mm. long; blades elongate, the 
basal ones not forming a distinct 
rosette in autumn; spikelets 
strongly 7- to 9-nerved. Au- 
tumnal phase with short branches 
from lower nodes. 

5. Panicum depauperatum Muhl. 
(Fig. 914.) Vernal phase with culms 
several to many in a tuft, slender 
but rather stiff, erect or nearly so; 
sheaths glabrous or papillose-pilose; 
blades 6 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide, often involute in drying; pan- 
icle exserted, usually not much ex- 
ceeding the leaves, 4 to 8 cm. long, 
few-flowered; spikelets 3.2 to 3.8 
mm. long, elliptic, pointed, glabrous 
or sparsely pubescent; second glume 
and sterile lemma extending beyond 
the fruit, forming a beak. Autumnal 
phase similar, the reduced panicles 
partly concealed in the basal leaves. 
21 —Open sterile woods, Quebec 
and Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south 
to Georgia and Texas. 

6. Panicum perlongum Nash. (Fig. 
915.) Vernal phase similar to that of 
P. depauperatum; the tufts smaller, 
usually pilose, the panicle narrower; 
spikelets 2.7 to 3.2 mm. long, oval, 
blunt, sparingly pilose, the glume 
and sterile lemma not extending 
beyond the fruit. Autumnal phase 
similar, the reduced panicles nu- 
merous. 2 —Prairies and dry soil, 
Indiana to Manitoba and North 
Dakota, south to Colorado and 
Texas. 

7. Panicum linearifélium Scribn. 
(Fig. 916.) Vernal phase in dense 
tufts; culms slender, erect, 20 to 45 
cm. tall; sheaths papillose-pilose; 
blades erect, usually overtopping the 
panicles, 2 to 4 mm. wide; panicle 
long-exserted, 5 to 10 cm. long, the 
flexuous branches ascending; spike- 
lets 2.2 to 2.7 mm. long, oblong- 
elliptic, obtuse, sparsely pilose. Au- 
tumnal phase similar, the reduced 
panicles hidden among the _ basal 
leaves. 2 —Dry woods, Quebec 
and Maine to Wisconsin, south to 
Georgia and Texas. 


643 


Figure 914.—Panicum depauperatum. Panicle, X 1; 
two views of souk, and floret, * 10. (Amer. Gr. 
Natl. Herb. 78, D. C.) 


Figure 915.—Panicum per- 
longum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. 
(Type.) 


8. Panicum wernéri Scribn. (Fig. 
917.) Vernal phase similar to that of 
P. linearifolium, the culms usually 
stiffer, blades firmer, shorter and 
wider. (15 em. long or less); nodes 


644 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 916.—Panicum linearifolium. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


FIGURE 917.—Panicum werneri. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


usually sparingly pilose; sheaths gla- 
brous; spikelets 2.1 to 2.4 mm. long, 
nearly or quite glabrous. Autumnal 
phase similar to the vernal, sometimes 
late in the season bearing simple 
branches from the lower nodes. 2 
—Sterile woods and knolls, Quebec 
and Maine to Minnesota, Tennessee, 
Virginia, Kentucky, and Texas. Inter- 
grades with P. linearzfolium. 


2. Laxiflora.—Tufted, erect to spread- 
ing; foliage aggregate toward 
base, light green, soft, the basal 
blades not in distinct rosettes 
in autumn; ligule nearly obso- 
lete; primary panicles long-ex- 
serted; spikelets obovate, obtuse, 
turgid, 5- to 7-nerved. Autumnal 
phase branching near base, form- 
ing close flat tuft, with reduced 
panicles. 

9. Panicum laxiflorum Lam. (Fig. 
918.) Vernal culms 20 to 60 cm. tall, 
erect or geniculate below; nodes 
bearded with reflexed hairs; sheaths 
retrorsely pilose; blades 10 to 20 
em. long, 7 to 12 mm. wide, gla- 
brous or sparsely ciliate; panicle 8 


to 12 cm. long, lax, few-flowered, the 
lower branches often reflexed; spike- 
lets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long, papillose- 
pilose. Autumnal blades scarcely re- 
duced, much exceeding the secondary 
panicles, oP "Rich! Vor’! damp 
woods, Virginia to Florida and Ala- 
bama. 

10. Panicum xalapénse H. B. K. 
(Fig. 919.) Vernal culms and blades 
on the average shorter than in P. 
laxiflorum, the blades pilose on one 
or both surfaces or nearly glabrous, 
usually short-ciliate; spikelets 1.9 to 
2 mm. long, pilose. Autumnal phase 
with usually denser tufts and shorter 
blades. 21 —Woods, Maryland to 
Ihnois and Missouri, south to Florida 
and Texas; Mexico; Guatemala; 
Dominican Republic. Originally de- 
scribed from Xalapa (Jalapa), Mexico. 
PANICUM XALAPENSE var. STRICTI- 
RAMEUM Hitche. and Chase. Vernal 


FicurE 918.—Panicum laziflorum. Panicle, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 6635, 
Fla.) 


ee 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


panicles more compact, branches as- 
cending, spikelets 1.7 mm. long; 


blades shorter, narrower. 2 — 
Dry woods, Coastal Plain, South 
Carolina to Texas; Tennessee. 


Figure 919.—Panicum xalapense. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


li. Panicum ciliatum Ell. (Fig. 
920.) Vernal culms 5 to 30 cm. tall; 
sheaths ciliate on the margin; blades 
3 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. wide, 
the uppermost often much smaller, 
ciliate with stiff hairs 2 to 3 mm. 
long; panicle 3 to 4 cm. long, the 
axis pilose, branches spreading; spike- 
lets 1.8 to 2 mm. long, pilose. Au- 
tumnal mats with slightly smaller 
blades. 21 —Low pinelands and 
hammocks, Coastal Plain, North 
Carolina to Florida and Texas; Mex- 
ico. 


FIGURE 920.—Panicum ciliatum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


12. Panicum polycatlon Nash. 
(Fig. 921.) Vernal culms 10 to 20 
cm. tall; blades mostly narrower than 
in P. ciliatum, panicle similar; spike- 
lets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long (rarely as 
much as 2 mm.), glabrous. Autumnal 
mats very dense. 2 —Low pine 
woods, Coastal Plain, Georgia, Flor- 
ida, Alabama, and Mississippi; West 
Indies; British Honduras. 


FIGURE 921.—Panicum polycaulon. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


13. Panicum strigésum Muhl. (Fig. 
922.) Vernal culms 15 to 30 cm. tall, 
the culms and sheaths sparsely pilose; 
nodes bearded; blades mostly 5 to 7 
mm. wide, pilose on both surfaces, 
stiffly ciliate; panicle 4 to 6 cm. long, 
axis and branches pilose; spikelets 
1.3 to 1.5 mm. long, glabrous. Au- 
tumnal phase a dense mat. 2 — 
Sandy woods, Virginia and Ten- 
nessee to Florida and Texas; Mexico 
and Cuba to Colombia. 


Figure 922.—Panicum strigosum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


3. Angustifélia.—Densely tufted, 
grayish green; ligules not more 
than 1 mm. long; blades narrow, 
usually stiff, with prominent 
nerves, sometimes longitudinally 
wrinkled, often ciliate at base; 
spikelets attenuate at base, rather 
strongly 7-nerved, papillose- 
pubescent; first glume narrow 
and sheathing at base. Autumnal 
culms repeatedly branching, 
forming bushy crowns; blades 
greatly reduced. 

14, Panicum aciculare Desv. ex 
Poir. (Fig. 923.) Vernal culms as- 
cending from a spreading base, 20 
to 50 cm. tall, appressed-pubescent 
below; lower sheaths villous; blades 
spreading or ascending, narrowed to 
an involute point, glabrous or the 
lower sparsely pilose, the middle 
culm blades 4 to 6 cm. long, 2 to 5 


646 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 923.—Panicum Sa a ee X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Vernal phase, Chase 
Ne C.; autumnal phase, Hitchcock 317, N. ic) 


mm. wide; panicle 3 to 7 cm. long, 
the flexuous branches spreading at 
maturity; spikelets 1.9 to 2 mm. 
long, obovate. Autumnal phase bushy 
branching, the culms 10 to 30 cm. 
long, spreading, forming dense cush- 
ions, the blades involute, sharp- 
pointed, usually arcuate, mostly 1 to 
3cm.long. 2 —Sandy pine woods 
Coastal Plain, New Jersey; Virginia 
to northern F lorida, Arkansas, Okla- 
homa, and Texas; West Indies, north- 
ern South America. 


SS 
. aD SS 
feted I . 
aE aT A deo 7 


LTE TESS 
Ze = SN 


APP ee 
7 


xo 
= 


—-. 


iy 


FiGguRE 924.—Panicum bennettense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Duplicate type.) 


15. Panicum bennetténse M. V. 
Brown. (Fig. 924.) Vernal culms 
erect, 30 to 70 cm. tall, obscurely 
appressed-puberulent; lower sheaths 
sparsely papillose-pubescent; blades 


ascending, 8 to 15 cm. long (the 
lower shorter), 4 to 7 mm. wide, 
acuminate; panicle short-exserted, 5 
to 7 em. long, the flexuous branches 
loosely ascending; spikelets 2 mm. 
long, obovate-ellipsoid, papillose- 
villous. Autumnal phase stiffly as- 
cending, sparingly branching at the 
middle and upper nodes, the branches 
and numerous flat reduced blades nar- 
rowly ascending, the blades mostly 
4to5cm.long. 2 —Known only 
from dry sandy savannalike park 


Figure 925.—Panicum chrysopsidifolium. Two views 
of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


surrounding Bennett Civil War Me- 
morial, near Durham, N. C. 

16. Panicum chrysopsidif6lium 
Nash. (Fig. 925.) Vernal culms as- 
cending or spreading, 30 to 45 cm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


tall, grayish-villous, especially below, 
the nodes bearded; sheaths villous; 
blades 5 to 10 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide, villous on both surfaces; panicle 
4 to 6 cm. long; spikelets 2 mm. long, 
obovate, villous. Autumnal phase 
spreading, forming mats; blades flat, 
becoming papery with age. 2 = — 
Sandy pine woods, Coastal Plain, 
Virginia to Florida, Arkansas and 
Texas; West Indies. 


Figure 926.—Panicum consanguineum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


17. Panicum consanguineum 
Kunth. (Fig. 926.) Vernal culms 
ascending or spreading, 20 to 50 cm. 
tall, densely felty-villous below, the 
nodes bearded; sheaths villous, es- 
pecially the lower; blades 7 to 11 
cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, villous, 
or nearly glabrous above; panicle 4 
to 8 cm. long, the lower branches 
narrowly ascending; spikelets 2.6 to 
2.8 mm. long, obovate, papillose- 
villous. Autumnal phase spreading or 
decumbent, the numerous branches 
somewhat flabellately fascicled, the 
blades 3 to 4 em. long, 2 to 3 mm. 
wide, flat, thin, papery.. 2) — 
Sandy pine woods, Coastal Plain, 
Virginia to northern Florida, west 
to Arkansas and Texas. 

18. Panicum angustifolium Ell. 
927.) Vernal culms erect or nearly so, 
30 to 50 em. tall, the lowermost inter- 
nodes gray crisp-villous; lower sheaths 


647 


FIGURE 927.—Panicum angustifolium. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


appressed-villous, the upper glabrous; 
blades stiffly ascending, 8 to 15 cm. 
long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, long-acumi- 
nate; panicle long-exserted, 4 to 10 
cm. long, loosely flowered, the 
branches widely spreading at an- 
thesis, the lower often reflexed; spike- 
lets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. long, elliptic- 
obovate, papillose-villous. Autumnal 
phase ascending or somewhat top- 
heavy-reclining, not spreading or mat- 
like; blades very numerous, flat, ap- 
pressed, rather thin and papery. 2 
—Sandy pine woods, Coastal Plain, 
New Jersey to northern Florida and 
Texas; Tennessee (Knoxville), Ar- 
kansas; Nicaragua. 


Figure 928.—Panicum pinetorum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


19. Panicum pinetorum Swallen. 
(Fig. 928.) Vernal culms slender, 
wiry, 55 to 90 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous or the lowermost appressed- 
pilose; blades 6 to 9 cm. long, 2 to 3 
mm. wide, involute in drying, gla- 
brous; panicle 7 to 9 cm. long, nar- 
row, the branches not more than 3 
em. long, ascending; spikelets 2.3 to 


648 


2.5 mm. long, (or before maturity to 
3 mm. long), commonly somewhat 
twisted, pointed beyond the fruit, 
minutely pubescent; fruit 1.6 to 1.7 
mm. long. Autumnal phase erect or 
top-heavy reclining, freely branching, 
the slender involute blades scarcely 
reduced; panicles reduced, few-flow- 
ered, obscured by the foliage. 2 
—Kmown only from open pine woods 
near Bonita Springs, Lee County, 
Fla. 


Figure 929.—Panicum fusiforme. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


20. Panicum fusiforme Hitche. 
(Fig. 929.) Vernal culms erect, 30 to 
70 cm. tall, the basal and lower 
sheaths and lower surface of blades 
softly pubescent; panicle loose, the 
lower branches spreading or droop- 
ing; spikelets 3.3 to 3.5 mm. long, el- 
liptic, acutish or beaked beyond the 
fruit, long-attenuate at base, papil- 
lose-villous. Autumnal phase bushy, 
the blades soon involute, 3 to 5 cm. 
long. 2 M—Sandy pine woods, Vir- 
ginia to Florida and Mississippi; 
West Indies; British Honduras. 


Figure 930.—Panicum arenicoloides. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


21. Panicum arenicoloides Ashe. 
(Fig. 930.) Vernal phase intermediate 
between that of P. angustifolium and 
P. aciculare; culms 30 to 50 em. tall; 
lower sheaths and blades softly vil- 
lous; blades 7 to 12 cm. long, 3 to 4 
mm. wide, apex subinvolute; panicle 
4 to 6 em. long, the lower branches 
ascending; spikelets 2.1 to 2.5 mm. 
long, obovate, papillose-pilose. Au- 
tumnal phase bushy-branching, erect 
or top-heavy, the blades involute. 
2 —Sandy pine woods, Coastal 
Plain, North Carolina to Florida, Ar- 
kansas, and Texas; Cuba; Guate- 
mala; northern South America. 


Figure 931.—Panicum ovinum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


22. Panicum ovinum Scribn. and 
Smith. (Fig. 931.) Vernal culms erect 
or nearly so, not densely tufted, gla- 
brous, 30 to 50 cm. tall; sheaths gla- 
brous or the lowermost appressed- 
pubescent; blades erect or ascending, 
10 to 15 em. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, 
glabrous; panicle 5 to 9 em. long, the 
lower branches ascending; spikelets 
2.1 to 2.2 mm. long, papillose-pubes- 
cent, sometimes minutely so. Autum- 
nal phase -erect or nearly so, the 
blades loosely involute. 2 —Dry 
or moist open ground, Mississippi to 
Arkansas and eastern Texas; Mexico. 


FiaurE 932.—Panicum neuranthum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


23. Panicum neuranthum Griseb. 
(Fig. 932.) Vernal phase glabrous as 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


a whole; culms 30 to 60 cm. tall; 
blades erect or ascending, the short 
basal blades few or wanting; panicle 
5 to 9 em. long, narrow, the flexuous 
branches narrowly ascending, the 
branchlets appressed, the short-pedi- 
celed spikelets more or less secund 
along the branches; spikelets 2 mm. 
long, finely papillose-pubescent. Au- 
tumnal culms erect, about as tall as 
the vernal phase; blades involute. 
9  —Savannas and open ground, 
southern Florida; Mississippi (Horn 
Island); Texas; British Honduras; 
Cuba. 


4, Bicknelliana.—In small tufts, erect 
or ascending; sheaths glabrous; 
ligules nearly obsolete; panicles 
few-flowered ; spikelets long-pedi- 


ae: Ss SP as —— = 
= —< eit — 


SS 
= 7; ie 
———— 


—_\S 


Ba 
= 
= 


FIGURE 933.—Panicum bicknellii. Plant, X 1: two 
yiews of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Porter, Pa.) 


649 


celed, 7-nerved. Autumnal culms 
sparingly branching from upper 
or middle nodes, the blades not 
much reduced. Intermediate in 
habit between Depauperata and 
Dichotoma. 

24, Panicum bicknéilii Nash. (Fig. 
933.) Vernal phase bluish green; 
culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; nodes sparsely 
bearded or glabrous; blades stiffly as- 
cending, 8 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 8 mm. 
wide, the uppermost usually the long- 
est, narrowed toward the usually cili- 
ate base; panicle 5 to 8 cm. long, the 
branches ascending; spikelets 2.3 to 
2.8 mm. long, sparsely pubescent or 
rarely glabrous. Autumnal culms 
erect, forming a loose bushy tuft, the 
stiffly ascending blades not much re- 
duced, overtopping the narrow few- 
flowered panicles. 2 —Dry sterile 
or rocky woods, Connecticut and 
Michigan to Georgia and Arkansas. 


Figure 934.—Panicum calliphyllum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


25. Panicum calliphyllum Ashe. 
(Fig. 934.) Vernal phase yellowish 
green; culms 35 to 50 em. tall; nodes 
sparsely villous; blades ascending, 8 
to 12 cm. long, 9 to 12 mm. wide, 
ciliate at the rounded base; panicle 7 
to 9 em. long, with a few ascending 
branches; spikelets mostly 3 mm. 
long, elliptic, sparsely pubescent. Au- 
tumnal culms sparingly branching 
from the middle nodes, the branches 
about as long as the internodes, erect. 
2 —Woods, rare and local, Ontario, 
Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, 
Michigan, and Missouri. 


5. Nudicafilia—A single rare and 
local species. 


650 


FIGuRE 935.—Panicum nudicaule. Two views of spike- 
. let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


26. Panicum nudicaile Vasey. 
(Fig. 935.) Vernal culms erect from 
a somewhat spreading base, 40 to 60 
cm. tall, glabrous; sheaths glabrous; 
blades erect, rather thick, 4 to 10 cm. 
long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, the uppermost 
reduced, giving the culm a naked ap- 
pearance; panicle long-exserted, 4 to 
7 cm. long, few-flowered, the branches 
ascending; spikelets 2.7 to 2.9 mm. 
long, narrowly ovate, acuminate, gla- 
brous. Autumnal phase unknown. 
2 —Swamps, rare, western Florida, 
southern Alabama, and Mississippi. 


6. Dichotoma.—Culms few to many 
in a tuft, glabrous, or only the 
nodes pubescent; sheaths mostly 
glabrous or nearly so; ligules 
minute; panicles open; spikelets 
5- to 7-nerved. Autumnal culms 
usually freely branching; leaves 
and panicles usually much re- 


duced. 


TH 


TAN 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


27. Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex 
Ell. (Fig. 936.) Vernal culms tufted, 
erect or sometimes geniculate at base, 
60 to 100 cm. tall, the nodes densely 
bearded with reflexed hairs; sheaths 
often mottled with white spots be- 
tween the nerves; blades spreading, 
the upper often reflexed, 10 to 12 cm. 
long, 8 to 15 mm. wide, glabrous, 
sparsely papillose-ciliate at base; pan- 
icle many-flowered, 8 to 12 cm. long; 
spikelets 1.6 mm. long, elliptic, gla- 
brous (rarely minutely pubescent). 
Autumnal phase much branched from 
all the nodes, reclining from the 
weight of the dense mass of branches; 
blades flat, mostly 2 to 4 em. long. 
21 —Wet woods and swampy places, 
Massachusetts to Illinois, south to 
northern Florida and eastern Texas. 

28. Panicum nitidum Lam. (Fig. 
937.) Vernal culms tufted, erect, 30 to 
60 cm. tall, the nodes bearded with 
reflexed hairs; upper sheaths often 
glandular-mottled; blades glabrous, 5 
to 10 mm. wide, the upper usually re- 
flexed; panicle ovoid, 5 to 8 cm. long, 
many-flowered; spikelets elliptic, 2 
mm. long, pubescent. Autumnal 


FIGURE 936.—Panicum microcarpon. Plant, X 1; two oe of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Maxon and Standley 


» + 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES 


phase erect or reclining, the branch- 
lets and foliage forming large clusters 
from the nodes of the primary culms. 
2 —Low moist or marshy ground, 
Coastal Plain, New Jersey; Virginia 
to Florida and Texas; Missouri (Car- 
ter County); Bahamas, Cuba. 


Fiaure 937.—Panicum nitidum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


29. Panicum annulum Ashe. (Fig. 
938.) Vernal phase usualiy purplish, 
in small tufts or solitary; culms 35 to 
60 cm. tall, the nodes densely 
bearded; sheaths velvety-pubescent 
or the upper nearly glabrous; blades 
densely velvety-pubescent on both 
surfaces; panicle 6 to 8 cm. long; 
spikelets 2 mm. long, elliptic, pubes- 
cent. Autumnal phase suberect, bear- 
ing in late autumn a few short erect 
branches at the upper nodes. 2 
—Dry woods, Coastal Plain, rare, 
Massachusetts to Florida and Missis- 
sippi; Michigan; Missouri. 


FIGURE 938.—Panicum annulum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


30. Panicum mattamuskeeténse 
Ashe. (Fig. 939.) Vernal phase oliva- 
ceous, usually tinged with purple; 
culms erect, often 1 m. tall, the nodes 
bearded or the upper puberulent 
only; sheaths velvety-pilose or the 
upper sometimes glabrous; blades 
horizontally spreading, 8 to 12 cm. 
long, 8 to 12 mm. wide, velvety- 
pubescent, or the upper glabrous; 
panicle 8 to 10 cm. long, many-flow- 


OF THE UNITED STATES 651 


Figure 939.—Panicum mattamuskeetense. Two views 
of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type coll.) 


ered; spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, 
elliptic, pubescent. Autumnal phase 
erect or leaning, branching rather 
sparingly from the middle nodes, 
2 —Low moist ground, Coastal 
Plain, New York to South Carolina; 
Indiana. 


Figure 940.—Panicum clutei. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


31. Panicum cltitei Nash. (ig. 
940.) Similar to P. mattamuskeetense 
but less pubescent, only the lower- 
most nodes, sheaths, and blades vel- 
vety; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. long. 
2% —Low moist ground and cran- 
berry bogs, Massachusetts to South 
Carolina; West Virginia. Intergrades 
with P. mattamuskeetense. 


Figure 941.—Panicum boreale. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


32. Panicum boreale Nash. (Fig. 
941.) Vernal culms usually erect, 30 
to 50 em. tall, the nodes mostly gla- 
brous; blades erect or sometimes 
spreading, 7 to 12 mm. wide, sparsely 
ciliate at the rounded base; panicle 
loosely rather few-flowered, 5 to 10 


652 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


em. long; spikelets 2 to 2.2 mm. long, 
elliptic, pubescent. Autumnal phase 
erect or leaning, sparingly branching 
from all the nodes in late summer, the 


Pe FIGURE 942.—Panicum dichotomum. Plant, X %; two 


views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Bissell 5576, 

onn. 
branches erect, the leaves and pan- 
icles not greatly reduced. 2 — 
Moist open ground or woods, New- 
foundland to Minnesota, south to 
New Jersey and Indiana. 

33. Panicum dichétomum L. (Fig. 
942.) Vernal phase often purplish; 
culms slender, erect from a knotted 
crown, 30 to 50 cm. tall, the lower 
nodes sometimes with a few spreading 
hairs; blades spreading, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide, glabrous; panicle 4 to 9 cm. 
long, the axis and spreading branches 
flexuous; spikelets 2mm. long, elliptic, 
glabrous (very rarely pubescent); 
second glume shorter than the fruit 
at maturity. Autumnal phase much 
branched at the middle nodes, the 
lower part usually erect and devoid 
of blades, giving the plants the 
appearance of diminutive trees; 
blades numerous, often involute. 2 
—Dry or sterile woods, New Bruns- 
wick to Illinois, south to Florida and 
eastern Texas. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


34, Panicum barbulatum Michx. 
(Fig. 943.) Vernal phase, resembling 
that of P. dichotomum, the culms 50 
to 80 cm. tall, the lower nodes usually 
bearded; blades slightly wider, panicle 
slightly larger, spikelets 2 mm. long, 
glabrous; second glume as long as 
the fruit at maturity. Autumnal 
phase diffusely branched, forming 
very large topheavy reclining bunches, 
the slender branches recurved, the 
numerous fiat blades horizontally 
spreading. 2 -—wSterile or rocky 


woods, Massachusetts to Michigan | 


and Missouri, south to Georgia and 
eastern Texas. This species seems to 
intergrade with P. dichotomum, but 
typically the autumnal phases are 
distinctly different. The vernal culms 
of P. barbulatum are usually more 
robust and the lower nodes are rather 
strongly bearded. 


Figure 943.—Panicum barbulatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


35. Panicum yadkinénse Ashe. 
(Fig. 944.) Vernal phase similar to 
that of P. dichotomum, the culms 
sometimes 1 m. tall; sheaths bearing 
pale glandular spots; blades longer 
and 8 to 11 mm. wide; panicle 10 
to 12 em. long; spikelets 2.3 to 2.5 
mm. long, elliptic to subfusiform, 
pointed a little beyond the fruit, gla- 
brous. Autumnal phase erect or 
leaning, loosely branching from the 
middle nodes, the blades not con- 
spicuously reduced. 2 —Moist 
woods and thickets, Pennsylvania to 
Michigan and Illinois, south to Geor- 
gia and Texas. Named from Yadkin 
RuIVEr ae Ns @) | 

36. Panicum roanokénse Ashe. 
(Fig. 945.) Vernal phase somewhat 
glaucous olive green; culms erect or 
ascending, 50 to 100 cm. tall; blades 


FIGURE 944.—Panicum yadkinense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type coll.) 


Ficure 945.—Panicum roanokense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Ashe, N. C.) 


at first stiffly erect, later somewhat 
spreading, 3 to 8 mm. wide, glabrous; 
panicle 4 to 8 em. long; spikelets 2 
mm. long, turgid, elliptic, glabrous, 
the second glume often purple at 
base. Autumnal phase erect or de- 
cumbent, branching at the middle 
and upper nodes, the branches nu- 
merous but not in tufts, the reduced 
blades - subinvolute. 2 —Open 
swampy woods or wet peaty mead- 
ows, Coastal Plain, southeastern Dela- 
ware to Florida and Texas; Jamaica. 


Fiaure 946.—Panicuwm caerulescens. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


37. Panicum caeruléscens Hack. 
ex Hitche. (Fig. 946.) Vernal phase 
similar to that of P. roanokense; 
culms more slender; blades ascending 
or spreading, commonly purplish 
beneath; panicle 3 to 7 cm. long; 
spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long, obo- 
void, turgid, glabrous. Autumnal 


654 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


phase erect or leaning, producing 
short densely fascicled branches at 
the middle and upper nodes, these 
tufts searcely as long as the primary 
internodes. QI —Marshes and 
swampy woods, Coastal Plain, south- 
ern New Jersey to Florida and 
Louisiana; Cuba. 


Figure 947.—Panicum lucidum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


38. Panicum licidum Ashe. (Fig. 
947.) Vernal phase at first erect and 
resembling that of P. dichotomum, 
but the weak culms soon decumbent; 
blades thin, shining, bright green, 
glabrous, at first erect but soon 
widely spreading, 4 to 6 mm. wide; 
panicle resembling that of P. di- 
chotomum but fewer-flowered; spike- 
lets 2 to 2.1 mm. long, elliptic, gla- 
brous (rarely pubescent), the tip of 
the fruit exposed at maturity. Au- 
tumnal phase repeatedly branching, 
forming large clumps or mats of slen- 
der weak vinelike culms, the branches 
elongate and diverging at a wide 
angle, not fascicled, the blades waxy, 
flat, spreading. 2 -—Wet woods 
and sphagnum swamps, Coastal Plain, 
Massachusetts to Florida, Arkansas, 
and Texas; Indiana (near Lake 
Michigan), Michigan (Port Huron). 
P. LtuciIpuM var. opAcum Fernald. 
Blades not glossy. Virginia. 


Fiaure 948.—Panicum sphagnicola. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


39. Panicum sphagnicola Nash. 
(Fig. 948.) Vernal phase grayish olive 
green; culms strongly flattened, erect 
or reclining, 50 to 100 cm. tall; 
sheaths soon divaricate; blades gla- 
brous, 3 to 7 mm. wide; panicle 
narrow, 5 to 6 em. long; spikelets 2.5 
mm. long, elliptic, glabrous or mi- 
nutely pubescent toward the summit. 
Autumnal phase decumbent or finally 
prostrate-spreading, divaricately 
branching from all the nodes, the 
branches slender, elongate. 2 — 
Edges of cypress swamps, in sphae- 
num bogs, and in similar moist shady 
places, southern Georgia and Florida. 


7. Spréta.—Culms tufted, rather 
stiff, mostly glabrous or nearly 
so; ligules densely hairy, 2 to 5 
mm. long; blades mostly firm; 
spikelets 5- to 7-nerved, mostly 
pubescent. Autumnal culms with 
rather short-tufted branchlets 


and greatly reduced leaves and 
panicles. 


Friaure 949.—Panicum spretum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


40. Panicum sprétum Schult. (Fig. 
949.) Vernal culms 30 to 90 em. tall, 
erect; sheaths glabrous; ligule 2 to 3 
mm. long; blades firm, ascending to 
reflexed, 4 to 8 mm. wide, sparingly 
ciliate around the base; panicle 8 to 
12 em. long, the branches ascending 
or appressed; spikelets about 1.5 mm. 
long, elliptic, rarely glabrous. Au- 
tumnal phase mostly reclining, the 
early branches elongate, the subse- 
quent branches in short fascicles. 2 
—Wet usually sandy soil, Coastal 
Plain, Nova Scotia to Florida and 
Texas; Indiana and Michigan. 

41. Panicum lindheimeri Nash. 
(Fig. 950.) Vernal culms ascending 
or spreading, 30 to 100 cm. tall, the 
lower internodes and sheaths some- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


times ascending-pubescent; ligule 4 
to 5mm. long; blades 6 to 8 mm. wide, 
glabrous; panicle 4 to 7 cm. long, 
about as wide; spikelets 1.4 to 1.6 
mm. long, obovate. Autumnal phase 
usually stiffly spreading or radiate- 
prostrate, with elongate internodes 
and tufts of short appressed branches; 
blades involute-pointed, often con- 
spicuously ciliate at base. 2 — 
Dry sandy or sterile woods or open 
ground, Quebec and Maine to Minne- 
sota, south to northern Florida and 
New Mexico; California. 


Fiaure 950.—Panicum lindheimert. Plant, X 1; two 
Mews of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 4449, 
iss. 


42. Panicum leucdthrix Nash. (Fig. 
951.) Vernal phase light olive green; 
culms 25 to 45 em. tall, erect or as- 
cending, appressed papillose-pilose, 
the nodes pubescent; sheaths papil- 
lose-pilose; ligule 3 mm. long; blades 
3 to 7mm. wide, glabrous or sparsely 
villous on the upper surface, velvety- 
puberulent beneath; panicle 3 to 8 
em. long, rather densely flowered; 
spikelets 1.2 to 1.8 mm. long, densely 
papillose-pubescent. Autumnal culms 
at first sending out from lower and 


Figure 951.—Panicum leucothrix. Two views of spile- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


middle nodes long branches similar 
to primary culms, later producing 
more or less fascicled branches. 2 
—Low pinelands, Coastal Plain, New 
Jersey to Florida and Texas; ‘Tennes- 
see; West Indies; Colombia. 

43. Panicum longiligulatum Nash. 
(Fig. 952.) Vernal culms 30 to 70 
em. tall; sheaths glabrous; lgule 2 
to 3 mm. long; blades 4 to 8 mm. 
wide, glabrous on the upper surface, 
puberulent beneath; panicle 3 to 8 
em. long, the slender branches stiffly 
ascending; spikelets 1.1 to 1.2 mm. 
long. Autumnal culms reclining, the 
branches spreading, the branchlets 
crowded, the blades subinvolute. 2 
—lLow pine barrens and swamps, 
Coastal Plain, Pennsylvania (Bucks 
County), Delaware to Florida and 
Texas; Tennessee; Central America. 


Figure 952.—Panicum longiligulatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, * 10. (Type. 


44, Panicum wrightianum Scribn. 
(Fig. 953.) Vernal culms weak, slen- 
der, ascending from a decumbent 
base, 15 to 60 cm. tall, minutely 
puberulent; sheaths glabrous or pu- 
berulent; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long; 
blades 2 to 4 ecm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide, glabrous or puberulent beneath 
and minutely pilose above; panicle 
3 to 6 cm. long; spikelets 1 mm. 
long. Autumnal culms decumbent- 
spreading, sending out from lower 
and middle nodes numerous ascend- 
ing branches, becoming bushy- 
branched, the flat or subinvolute 


656 
blades and secondary panicles not 
greatly reduced. 2 —Margins of 
streams and ponds in sandy or mucky 
soil, Coastal Plain, Massachusetts to 
Florida and Mississippi; Cuba and 
Central America. 


FIGURE 953.—Panicum wrightianum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


8. Lanuginésa.—Mostly pubescent 
throughout; ligules densely hairy, 
2 to 5 mm. long; spikelets 5- to 
9-nerved, pubescent. Autumnal 
culms usually freely branching, 
the leaves and panicles mostly 
greatly reduced. 

45, Panicum meridionale Ashe. 
(Fig. 954.) Vernal culms 15 to 40 
cm. tall, the lower internodes and 
sheaths pilose, the upper minutely 
appressed-pubescent; ligule 3 to 4 
mm. long; blades 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 
2 to 4 mm. wide, long-pilose on the 
upper surface, the hairs erect; panicle 
1.5 to 4 em. long, the axis appressed- 
pubescent to glabrous; spikelets 1.3 
to 1.4 mm. long. Autumnal culms 
erect, with fascicled branchlets from 
all the nodes; leaves and panicles 
not greatly reduced. 2 —Sandy 
or sterile woods and clearings, Nova 
Scotia to Minnesota, south to Ala- 
bama. 


Figure 954.—Panicum meridionale. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


46. Panicum albemarlénse Ashe. 
(Fig. 955.) Vernal phase olivaceous, 
erayish-villous throughout; culms 25 
to 45 cm. tall, at first erect, soon 
geniculate and spreading; blades 3 to 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


6 mm. wide, the upper surface 
puberulent as well as long-villous; 
panicle 3 to 5 ecm. long, “the axis 
puberulent; spikelets 1.4 mm. long, 
pilose. Autumnal culms widely de- 
cumbent, spreading or ascending, 
freely branching at all but the upper- 
most nodes, the branches narrowly 
ascending. 2 —Low sandy woods 
or open ground, Coastal Plain, Massa- 
chusetts to North Carolina; Indiana 
to Minnesota; West Virginia; Ten- 
nessee. 


Figure 955.—Panicum albemarlense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


47. Panicum implicatum Scribn. 
(Fig. 956.) Vernal culms slender, 20 
to 55 cm. tall, erect or ascending, 
papillose-pilose with spreading hairs; 
sheaths papillose-pilose; ligule 4 to 


FicurRE 956.—Panicum implicatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


5 mm. long; blades more or less 
involute-acuminate, the upper sur- 
face pilose with erect hairs 3 to 4 
mm. long, appressed-pubescent be- 
neath; panicle 3 to 6 cm. long, the 
axis long-pilose, the branches flexu- 
ous, in typical specimens tangled or 
implicate; spikelets 1.5 mm. long, 
papillose-pilose. Autumnal culms 
erect or spreading, loosely branching 
from the lower and middle nodes. 
2 —Wet meadows, bogs, and sandy 
soil, cedar and hemlock swamps, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 657 


Newfoundland to Minnesota, south 
to Delaware, Tennessee, and Mis- 
sour. 


Fieure 957.—Panicum huachucae. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


48. Panicum huachiicae Ashe. 
(Fig. 957.) Vernal phase light oli- 
vaceous, often purplish, harsh to the 
touch from copious spreading papil- 
lose pubescence; culms usually stiffly 
upright, 20 to 60 cm. tall, the nodes 
bearded with spreading hairs; ligule 
3 to 4 mm. long; blades firm, stiffly 
erect or ascending, 4 to 8 cm. long, 
6 to 8 mm. wide, the upper surface 
copiously short-pilose, the lower 
densely pubescent; panicle 4 to 6 
em. long, the axis and often the 
branches pilose; spikelets 1.6 to 1.8 
mm. long, obovate, papillose-pubes- 
cent. Autumnal culms stiffly erect or 
ascending, the branches fascicled, the 
crowded blades ascending, 2 to 3 em. 
long, much exceeding the panicles. 
2 —Prairies and open ground, 
Nova Scotia to Montana, south to 
North Carolina and Texas, westward 
here and there to southern California. 
Naturalized in China and Japan. 

PANICUM HUACHUCAE Var. FASCICU- 
LATUM (Torr.) Hubb. Vernal culms 
taller, more slender, less pubescent, 
the culms 30 to 75 cm. tall; blades 
thin, lax, spreading, 5 to 10 cm. long, 
6 to 12 mm. wide, the upper surface 
sparsely short-pilose or with copious 
long hairs toward the base, the lower 
surface pubescent and with a satiny 
luster. Autumnal culms more or less 
decumbent with numerous fascicled 
branches. 21 (P. huwachucae var. 


silvicola Hitche. and Chase.)—Open 
woods and clearings, Quebec to 
Minnesota and Nebraska, south to 
northern Florida and Texas; Ari- 
zona (Tucson). 

Panicum huachucae, P. huachucae 
var. fasciculatum, P. tennesseense, 
and P. pacificum intergracde more or 
less. The descriptions apply to the 
great bulk of specimens, but the 
distinctions fail to hold for occasional 
specimens. 


Figure 958.—Panicum tennesseense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


49. Panicum tennesseénse Ashe. 
(Fig. 958.) Vernal phase bluish green; 
culms suberect or stiffly spreading, 
25 to 60 cm. tall, papillose-pilose or 
the upper portion glabrous; ligule 
dense, 4 to 5 mm. long; blades firm, 
with a thin white cartilaginous mar- 
gin, 5 to 8 mm. wide, the upper 
surface glabrous or with a few long 
hairs toward the base, the lower 
surface appressed-pubescent or nearly 
glabrous; panicle 4 to 7 cm. long; 
spikelets 1.6 to 1.7 mm. long. Au- 
tumnal culms widely spreading or 
decumbent, with numerous fascicled 
somewhat flabellate branches, often 
forming prostrate mats; blades usual- 
ly ciliate at base. 2 —Open rather 
moist ground and borders of woods, 
Quebec to North Dakota, south to 
Georgia and Texas, and also at a 
few points west to Utah and Ari- 
zona. 

50. Panicum lanuginédsum = Ell. 
(Fig. 959.) Vernal phase grayish 
olive green, velvety-villous through- 
out; culms usually in large clumps, 
40 to 70 em. tall, lax, spreading, often 


658 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


\ 


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y 


Z 


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Ni 

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Figure 959.—Panicum lanuginosum. Plant, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock, N. C.) 


with a glabrous ring below the villous 
nodes; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; blades 
thickish but not stiff, somewhat in- 
curved or spoon-shaped (when fresh), 
5 to 10 em. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicle 6 to 12 cm. long, the axis 
pubescent; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. 
long. Autumnal culms widely spread- 
ing or decumbent, freely branching 
from the middle nodes, the branches 
repeatedly branching and much ex- 
ceeding the internodes, the ultimate 
branchlets forming flabellate fascicles. 
21 —Moist sandy woods, Coastal 
Plain, New Jersey to Florida, Ten- 
nessee, Arkansas, and Texas. The 
plants have much the habit and pubes- 
cence of P. scopariwm, but much 
smaller and more slender. 


FIGURE 960.—Panicum auburne. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


51. Panicum aubirne Ashe. (Fig. 
960.) Vernal phase grayish velvety- 
villous throughout; culms 20 to 50 


em. tall, geniculate, widely spreading, 
soon becoming branched and de- 
cumbent; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; 
blades 3 to 7 cm. long, 3 to 5 mm. 
wide; panicle 3 to 5 cm. long, the 
axis velvety; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. 
long. Autumnal culms early becoming 
diffusely branched at all the nodes, 
prostrate-spreading, forming large 
mats, the branches curved upward 
at the ends. 2 —Sandy pine and 


oak woods, Coastal Plain, Massa- 
chusetts to northern Florida, West 
Virginia; Arkansas and Texas; Indi- 
ana, near Lake Michigan, and Emmet 
County, Iowa. 


FicureE 961.—Panicum thurowii. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


52. Panicum thurowii Scribn. and 
Smith. (Fig. 961.) Vernal phase bluish 
green but drying olive; culms 35 to 
70 cm. tall, erect or ascending, vil- 
lous, the nodes bearded, usually with 


a 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


a glabrous ring below; sheaths 
sparsely to densely villous; ligule 4 
mm. long; blades rather stiff, 6 to 10 
mm. wide, the upper surface sparingly 
pilose toward the base and margins, 
otherwise glabrous, the lower surface 
velvety-villous; panicle 7 to 11 cm. 
long; spikelets 2 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms erect, bearing at the middle 
nodes a few appressed fascicles of 
branches. 2 —Prairies and dry 


open woods, Alabama (Mobile) to 
Texas and Arkansas. 


Figure 962.—Panicum praecocius. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


53. Panicum praecocius Hitchce. 
and Chase. (Fig. 962.) Vernal culms 
15 to 25 cm. tall, at first erect and 
simple, soon branching and _ genic- 
ulate, becoming 30 to 45 cm. long, 
papillose-pilose with weak spreading 
hairs 3 to 4 mm. long; sheaths pilose; 
ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; blades 5 to 9 
cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, long-pilose 
on both surfaces, the hairs on the 
upper surface 4 to 5 mm. long, erect; 
panicle 4 to 6 cm. long, the axis pilose; 
spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long, pilose. 
Autumnal culms in close bunches, 10 
to 20 cm. tall, the branches appressed, 
the scarcely reduced blades erect. 
2. —Dry prairies and clearings, 
Michigan to North Dakota, south to 
Arkansas and eastern Texas. 

54. Panicum subvillésum Ashe. 
(Fig. 963.) Vernal culms leafy below, 
10 to 45 em. tall, ascending or spread- 
ing, pilose, the nodes short-bearded; 
sheaths sparsely pilose with ascend- 
ing hairs; ligule 3 mm. long; blades 4 
to 6 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, both 


Figure 963.—Panicum subvillosum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, < 10. (Type.) 


surfaces pilose, the hairs on the upper 
surface 3 to 5 mm. long; panicle long- 
exserted, 3 to 5 cm. long; spikelets 
1.8 to 1.9 mm. long. Autumnal culms 
widely spreading or prostrate, spar- 
ingly branching from the lower nodes, 
the leaves and panicles not greatly 
reduced. 2 —Dry woods and 
sandy ground, Nova Scotia to Minne- 
sota, south to Connecticut, Indiana, 
and Missouri. 

55. Panicum occidentale Scribn. 
(Fig. 964.) Vernal culms yellowish 
green, leafy toward base, 15 to 40 cm. 
tall, spreading, sparsely pubescent; 
sheaths sparsely pubescent; ligule 3 
to 4 mm. long; blades firm, erect, or 
ascending, 4 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 7 


Figure 964.—Panicum occidentale. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


mm. wide, the upper surface nearly 
glabrous, the undersurface appressed- 
pubescent; panicle 4 to 7 cm. long; 
spikelets 1.8 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms branching from the lower nodes, 
forming a spreading tussock 10 to 15 
em. high; leaves and panicles reduced. 
2 —Peat bogs and moist sandy 
ground, British Columbia and Idaho 
to southern California. 

56. Panicum pacificum Hitche. and 
Chase. (Fig. 965.) Vernal phase light 
green; culms 25 to 50 cm. tall, ascend- 
ing or spreading, leafy, pilose, the 
nodes short-bearded; sheaths pilose; 
ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; blades erect or 
ascending, 5 to 10 cm. long, 5 to 8 


FIGURE 965.—Panicum pacificum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 
mm. wide, the upper surface pilose, 
the lower surface appressed-pubes- 
cent; panicle 5 to 10 em. long; spike- 
lets 1.8 to 2 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms prostrate spreading, repeatedly 
branching from the middle and upper 
nodes. 2 —Sandy shores and 


slopes, and moist crevices of rocks, 
ascending to 1,600 m., British Colum- 
bia and Montana to southern Cali- 
fornia and Arizona. 


FIGURE 966.—Panicum thermale. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


57. Panicum thermale Boland. 
(Fig. 966.) Vernal phase grayish 
green, densely tufted, velvety-villous; 
culms 10 to 30 cm. tall, ascending or 
spreading, the nodes with a dense 
ring of short hairs; ligule 3 mm. long; 
blades thick, 3 to 8 em. long, 5 to 12 
mm. wide; panicle 3 to 6 cm. long, 
the axis villous; spikelets 1.9 to 2 
mm. long, pilose. Autumnal culms 
widely spreading, repeatedly branch- 
ing, the whole forming a dense cush- 
fone ©) Wet saline soil in the 
immediate vicinity of geysers and hot 
Springs, ascending to 2,500 m., Al- 
berta to Washington, south to Wyo- 
ming, Utah, and California. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


58. Panicum Janguidum Hitche. 
and Chase. (Fig. 967.) Vernal culms 
25 to 40 cm. tall, weak, slender, as- 
cending or spreading, pilose; sheaths 
pilose; ligule 3 mm. long; blades thin, 
lax, ascending or spreading, 4 to 7 
cm. long, 4 to 9 mm. wide, sparsely 
pilose on the upper surface, minutely 
appressed-pubescent beneath; pan- 
icle 3 to 6 cm. long, the axis and 
branches sparsely long-pilose; spike- 
lets 2 mm. long, pilose. Autumnal 
culms decumbent, branching from all 
the nodes, forming a large loose strag- 
gling clump, the ultimate blades and 
panicles scarcely reduced. 2 — 
Dry or sandy open woods, Maine, 
Massachusetts, Vermont, and eastern 
New York, apparently rare. 


Figure 968.—Panicum villosissimum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


59. Panicum villosissimum Nash. 
(Fig. 968.) Vernal phase light olive 
green; culms 25 to 45 cm. tall, erect or 
ascending, pilose with spreading hairs 
3 mm. long; sheaths pilose; ligule 4 to 
5 mm. long; blades rather firm, 6 to 
10 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, pilose 
on both surfaces; panicle 4 to 8 cm. 
long, the branches stiffly ascending or 
spreading; spikelets 2.2 to 2.3 mm. 
long, pilose. Autumnal culms finally 
prostrate, the leaves of the fascicled 
branches appressed, giving the cluster 
or mat a combed-out appearance. 
2| —Dry sandy or sterile soil, open 
woods, and hillsides, Massachusetts 
to Michigan and Kansas, south to 
Florida and Texas; Guatemala. 

60. Panicum bénneri Fernald. (Fig. 
969.) Vernal phase light olive green; 
culms 20 to 35 cm. tall, papillose- 


FicurRE 967.—Panicum languidum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


pilose with ascending hairs; nodes in- 
conspicuously bearded; sheaths pap- 
illose-pilose; hgule 2 to 3 mm. long; 
blades 4 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide, glabrous or with a few long 
hairs toward the base on the upper 
surface, very sparsely appressed- 
pubescent beneath; panicle short- 
exserted, 3 to 6 cm. long, the axis and 
flexuous spreading branches pubes- 
cent; spikelets 2.2 to 2.5 mm. long, 
pilose. Autumnal phase unknown, 
young branches appearing before ma- 
turity of primary panicle. 2 — 
Only known from an old field along 
the Delaware River, about 1.5 miles 
east of Raven Rock, Hunterdon 
County, N. J. Insufficiently known, 
may be an exceptional specimen of P. 
pseudopubescens. 


Figure 969.—Panicum benneri. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


61. Panicum pseudopubéscens 
Nash. (Fig. 970.) Vernal phase sim- 
ilar to that of P. villosissimum; ligule 
2 to 3 mm. long; blades with the pu- 
bescence on the upper surface short, 
Sparse or wanting down the center, 
occasionally glabrous; spikelets 2.2 to 
2.4 mm. long, pilose. Autumnal culms 
stiffly spreading, sometimes prostrate, 
sparingly branching from the middle 
and lower nodes. 2 —Sandy open 
woods, Connecticut to Wisconsin and 
Iowa south to Florida, Kansas, and 
Mississippi; Mexico. 

62. Panicum ovale Hil. (Fig. 971.) 
Vernal culms 20 to 50 cm. tall, erect 
or ascending, rather stout, long-pilose 
below with ascending or appressed 
hairs, often nearly glabrous above, 
the nodes bearded; sheaths ascending- 
pilose; ligule 2 to 3 mm. long, rather 
sparse; blades 5 to 10 mm. wide, the 


661 


Fiaure 970.—Panicum pseudopubescens. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Ficure 971.—Panicum ovale. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


upper surface nearly glabrous except 
for long hairs near the base and mar- 
gins, the lower surface appressed- 
pubescent; panicle 5 to 9 cm. long; 
spikelets, 2.7 to 2.9 mm. long. Autum- 
nal phase spreading-decumbent, the 
stiff culms rather loosely branching 
from the middle and upper nodes. 
2% —Dry sandy woods, Coastal 
Plain, North Carolina to Florida; In- 
diana (near Lake Michigan), Illinois 
(Mason County), and Texas (Waller 
County). 

63. Panicum seoparioides Ashe. 
(Fig. 972.) Vernal phase light green; 
culms 30 to 50 cm. tall, erect or as- 
cending, pilose with ascending hairs 
or nearly glabrous; sheaths pilose to 
nearly glabrous; ligule 2 to 3 mm. 
long; blades 6 to 10 mm. wide, 
sparsely hispid on the upper surface, 
appressed-pubescent beneath; panicle 
4 to 7 em. long; spikelets 2.2 to 
2.3 mm. long, pubescent. Autumnal 


Fiaure 972.—Panicum scoparioides. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


culms erect or spreading, sparingly 
branching from the upper and middle 
nodes. 2 —Dry sandy or gravelly 
soil, Vermont to Delaware; Indiana 
and Michigan to Minnesota, Iowa, 
and Kansas. 


FIcGuRE 973.—Panicum shastense. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


64. Panicum shasténse Scribn. and 
Merr. (Fig. 973.) Vernal culms 30 to 
50 cm. tall, pilose with ascending 
hairs, the nodes  short-bearded; 
sheaths papillose-pilose, the hairs 
spreading; ligule sparse, 2 to 3 mm. 
long; blades 6 to 8 mm. wide, sparsely 
pilose on the upper surface, pilose be- 
neath; panicle 6 to 8 cm. long; spike- 
lets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms spreading, with geniculate 
nodes and elongate arched internodes, 
rather sparingly branched from the 
middle nodes. 2 Moist mead- 
ows. Known only from Castle Crag, 
Shasta County, Calif. 


9. Columbiana—Culms and sheaths 
appressed-pubescent to  crisp- 
puberulent, the culms. stiff; 
ligules mostly less than 1 mm. 
long (sometimes to 1.5 mm. in 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


P. tsugetorum and P. oricola); 
blades firm, thick, stiffly ascend- 
ing; spikelets 5- to 9-nerved, pu- 
bescent, the first glume mostly 
one-third to half as long as the 
spikelet. Autumnal culms freely 
branching, the branches and stiff 
blades mostly appressed. 

65. Panicum malacon Nash. (Fig. 
974.) Vernal culms erect to stiffly 
spreading, purplish olive green; culms 
and sheaths appressed-pubescent, the 
culms 30 to 50 cm. tall; blades 3 to 5 
mm. wide, sharply acuminate, pu- 


Figure 974.—Panicum malacon. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


berulent beneath, puberulent to gla- 
brous above; panicle 4 to 7 cm. long, 
the branches few, stiffly ascending, 
the pedicels long and stiff; spikelets 
3 to 3.2 mm. long, obovate, the first 
glume distant, about half as long as 
the spikelet. Autumnal culms subde- 
cumbent-spreading, branching from 
the lower and middle nodes, the 
branches appressed. 2 —Dry pine 
woods, high pineland, North Carolina 
(Wilmington); Georgia and Florida; 
Texas. 


Figure 975.—Panicum deamii. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


en - a ——— 
a — . a 
- A 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 663 


66. Panicum deamii Hitche. and 
Chase. (Fig. 975.) Vernal phase yel- 
lowish green; culms 25 to 35 cm. tall, 
erect or ascending, papillose-pilose; 
sheaths papillose-villous, densely so 
at base and summit; blades suberect, 
8 to 15 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, 
sparsely villous on the upper surface, 
appressed-pilose beneath; panicle 
rather short-exserted, 6 to 10 cm. 
long, the branches ascending; spike- 
lets 2.8 to 2.9 mm. long, pilose. Au- 
tumnal culms branching from the 
middle and upper nodes, forming a 
somewhat bushy summit, the culms 
sprawling. 2! —Sand dunes and 
sandy woods, northern Indiana and 
Towa. 


FIGurRE 976.—Panicum commonsianum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


67. Panicum commonsianum Ashe. 
(Fig. 976.) Vernal phase greenish 
olive, drying brownish; culms and 
sheaths appressed-pilose, the culms 20 
to 50 cm. tall, ascending or spread- 
ing, appres-ed-pilose; blades 4 to 7 
mm. wide, broadest near the rounded 
base, glabrous or nearly so on the 
upper surface, strigose or glabrous 
beneath; panicle 4 to 8 cm. long, the 
branches stiffly spreading; spikelets 
2.2 to 2.4 mm. long. Autumnal culms 
branching from the middle and upper 
nodes, finally spreading or prostrate 
in mats. 2 —Dunes and sandy 
woods near the coast, Massachusetts 
to northern Florida and Alabama. 

68. Panicum addisoni Nash. (Fig. 
977.) Vernal phase similar to that of 
P. commonsianum; culms usually less 
than 40 em. tall, appressed- pilose be- 
low, puberulent above; sheaths 
sparsely ascending-pilose, blades 3 to 
6 mm. wide, glabrous on the upper 


Figure 977.—Panicum addisoni. Une views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. pe.) 


surface, pubescent or ae be- 
neath; panicle 2 to 6 cm. long, more 
densely flowered than in P. common- 
sianum; spikelets about 2 mm. long. 
Autumnal culms more or less spread- 
ing, rather freely branching from all 
the nodes, the branches appressed. 
21 —Sand barrens, Coastal Plain, 
Massachusetts to South Carolina; In- 
diana. Closely approaching P. com- 
monsianum but having smaller spike- 
lets. 

69. Panicum wilmingtonénse Ashe. 
(Fig. 978.) Vernal phase bluish green, 
culms solitary or in small tufts, slen- 
der, erect from an ascending base, 20 


Figure 978.—Panicum wilmingtonense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, * 10. (Type.) 

to 40 cm. tall, pilose with soft ascend- 
ing hairs; sheaths pubescent like the 
culms, densely villous-ciliate at the 
summit; blades 3 to 7 cm. long, gla- 
brous on the upper surface, softly pu- 
bescent or nearly glabrous beneath, 
strongly ciliate near the base, the 
thick cartilaginous margin white 
when dry; panicle 5 to 8 cm. long; 
spikelets 2mm. long. Autumnal culms 
spreading, branching from the middle 
and upper nodes. 2 -—Sandy 
woods, North Carolina, South Caro- 
lina, and Alabama, rare. 


664 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 979.—Panicum tsugetorum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


79. Panicum tsugetérum Nash. 
(Fig. 979.) Vernal phase usually pale 
bluish green; culms 30 to 50 cm. tall, 
spreading or ascending, the lower 
nodes often geniculate, densely ap- 
pressed-pubescent with short crisp 
hairs, long hairs more or less inter- 
mixed; sheaths pubescent like the 
culm; ligule 1 to 1.5 mm. long; blades 
4 to 7 mm. wide, glabrous or nearly 
so on the upper surface, appressed- 
pubescent beneath; panicle 3 to 7 cm. 
long; spikelets 1.8 to 1.9 mm. long. 
Autumnal culms decumbent-spread- 
ing, branching from the lower and 
middle nodes. 2 —Sandy woods, 
Maine to Wisconsin, south to Georgia 
and Tennessee. 


Ficure 980.—Panicum columbianum. Plant, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


71. Panicum columbianum Scribn. 
(Fig. 980.) Vernal culms 15 to 50 cm. 
tall, ascending, densely crisp-puber- 
ulent; sheaths less pubescent than the 


culms; blades 3 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 5 
mm. wide, usually glabrous on the 
upper suriace, appressed-puberulent 
or glabrous beneath; panicle 2 to 4 
em. long; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
long. Autumnal culms branching from 
the middle and upper nodes, becom- 
ing widely spreading or decumbent at 
base. 21 —Sandy woods and open 
ground, Maine to North Carolina; 
Indiana and Michigan. 

PANICUM COLUMBIANUM Var. THIN- 
1uM Hitche. and Chase. Vernal culms 
more slender, usually about 20 cm. 
tall; blades rarely more than 3 cm. 
long, sparsely pilose with long hairs 
on the upper surface; panicle 1.5 to 
4 cm. long; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. 
long. Autumnal culms with branches 
crowded and aggregate toward the 
summit. 2 —Dry sand, Massa- 
chusetts to North Carolina; Ten- 
nessee. 


FicureE 981.—Panicum oricola. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


72. Panicum oricola Hitchce. and 
Chase. (Fig. 981.) Vernal phase gray- 
ish, often purplish; culms and sheaths 
appressed-pilose, the culms 10 to 380 
em. tall, spreading; ligule 1 to 1.5 
mm. long; blades 2 to 5 cm. long, 2 to 
4 mm. wide, the upper surface pilose 
with hairs 3 to 5 mm. long, the lower 
surface appressed-pilose; _ panicle 
short-exserted, ovoid, 1.8 to 3 cm. 
long, rather densely flowered; spike- 
lets 1.5 mm. long, broadly obovate, 
turgid. Autumnal culms prostrate, 
forming mats, with short fascicled 
branches at all the nodes. 2 — 
Sand barrens along the coast, Massa- 
chusetts to Virginia. 


10. Sphaerocarpa.—Glabrous as 4 
whole; cuims few in a tuft, rela- 
tively stout; ligules obsolete or 
nearly so; blades mostly thick, 
firm, cartilaginous-margined, cor- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


date and ciliate at base, panicle 
branches mostly viscid ; spikelets 
obovoid-spherical at maturity, 
oval when young, 5- to 7-nerved, 
puberulent. Autumnal culms re- 
maining simple or only sparingly 
branching, the thick white-mar- 
gined blades of the winter rosette 
conspicuous. 


73. Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. 
(Fig. 982.) Vernal phase light green; 
culms 20 to 80 cm. tall, radiate- 
spreading, sometimes nearly erect, 
the nodes appressed-pubescent; blades 
7 to 14 mm. wide; panicle 5 to 10 cm. 
long, about as wide; spikelets 1.6 to 
1.8 mm. long. Autumnal phase pros- 
trate-spreading, sparingly branched 
late in the season from the lower and 
middle nodes, the branches short, 
mostly simple. 2 —Sandy soil, 
Vermont to Kansas, south to north- 


Figure 982.—Panicum sphaerocarpon. Plant, X 1; 
two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Deam, Ind.) 


665 
ern Florida and Texas; Mexico to 
Venezuela. PANICUM SPHAEROCARPON 
var. INFLATUM (Scribn. and Smith) 
Hitche. and Chase. Differing from P. 
sphaerocarpon in having a ligule as 
much as | mm. long, spikelets 1.4 to 
1.5mm. long, and more freely branch- 
ing autumnal culms; many inter- 
grades occur. 2 —Moist sandy 
soil, Coastal Plain, Delaware to Flor- 
ida and Texas, north to Oklahoma 
and Missourt. 


Fiaure 983.—Panicum polyanthes. Two visws of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


74. Panicum polyanthes Schult. 
(Fig. 983.) Vernal culms erect, 30 to 
90 cm. tall, the nodes glabrous or 
nearly so; blades 12 to 23 cm. long, 
15 to 25 mm. wide, the upper scarcely 
reduced ; panicle 8 to 25 cm. long, one- 
fourth to half as wide, densely flow- 
ered; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. long, 
minutely puberulent. Autumnal phase 
remaining erect, producing simple 
branches from the lower and middle 
nodes. 21 —Damp ground, woods, 
and openings, Connecticut to Okla- 
homa, south to Georgia and Texas. 


Ficure 984.—Panicum erectifolium. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


75. Panicum erectifolium Nas>. 
(Fig. 984.) Vernal culms 30 to 70 cm. 
tall, erect or ascending; sheaths usu- 
ally crowded at base; ligule very 


666 
short; blades 7 to 13 em. long, 6 to 12 
mm. wide, the crowded lower ones 
usually much larger than the others; 
panicle 6 to 12 em. long, rather nar- 
row, densely flowered, spikelets 1 to 
1.2 mm. long, nearly spherical, 
densely puberulent. Autumnal culms 
remaining erect, late in the season 
producing branches from the third or 
fourth node, the branches nearly as 
long as the primary culms. 2 — 
Moist pine barrens, swamps, and bor- 
ders of ponds, North Carolina to 
Florida and Louisiana; Cuba. 


11. Ensifélia——Low and _ slender, 
mostly glabrous throughout (ex- 
cept in P. curtifolium and P. 
tenue); ligules nearly obsolete; 
spikelets 5- to 7-nerved. Autum- 
nal culms simple to freely branch- 
ing. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


4 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 6 mm. wide, with 
a prominent white cartilaginous mar- 
gin, the uppermost much reduced; 
panicle 3 to 6 cm. long; spikelet 1.4 to 
1.5 mm. long, puberulent. Autumnal 
culms spreading, branching at the 
base, forming bushy tufts. 2 — 
Low sandy soil, Coastal Plain, south- 
eastern Virginia to Florida, Tennes- 
see, Arkansas, and Louisiana; Cuba; 
Guatemala. 

78. Panicum trif6lium Nash. (Fig. 
987.) Vernal phase similar to that of 
P. albomarginatum, the culms more 
slender, 20 to 50 em. tall, the blades 
less crowded at the base, the upper 
blade not reduced. Autumnal culms 
erect or leaning, sparingly branching 
from the middle and upper nodes. 
I— Low, mostly moist, sandy 


woods, New Jersey to Florida and 
Texas; Tennessee. 


FIGURE 985.—Panicum tenue. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


76. Panicum ténue Muhl. (Fig. 
985.) Vernal phase olive green; culms 
20 to 55 em. tall, sometimes sparsely 
appressed-pubescent below; sheaths 
puberulent between the nerves or 
sparsely appressed-pilose, or the up- 
per glabrous; blades distant, 2 to 5 
cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, rather 
thick, the margin cartilaginous, pu- 
berulent beneath, glabrous on the up- 
per surface; panicle 3 to 5 em. long; 
spikelets 1.6 to 1.7 mm. long, puber- 
lent. Autumnal culms erect or lean- 
ing, sparingly branching from the 
middle nodes, the branches in small 
fascicles. 2 —Moist sandy woods, 
eastern North Carolina to northern 
Florida. 

77. Panicum albomarginatum 
Nash. (Fig. 986.) Vernal culms 15 to 
40 cm. tall, ascending or spreading; 
leaves crowded at the base; blades 
thick and firm, those of the mideculm 


FIictre 986.—Panicum albomarginatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 987.—Panicum trifolium. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Tyne.) 


79. Panicum flavdévirens Nash. 
(Fig. 988.) Vernal phase bright glossy 
green; culms very slender, ascending 
or spreading, 15 to 30 em. tall; blades 
2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 4 mm. wide, 
thin; panicle few-flowered; spikelets 
1.3 to 1.4 mm. long, pubescent. Au- 
tumnal culms spreading, decumbent 
or prostrate, branching from the 
lower and middle nodes. 2 — 
Moist, shady, or mucky soil, North 
Carolina to Florida and Mississippi. 
Panicum albomarginatum, P. trifol- 
zum, and P. flavovirens form a series 
of closely allied species. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


80. Panicum concinnius Hitche. 
and Chase. (Fig. 989.) Vernal phase 
bright green; culms very slender, 12 
to 50 cm. tall; blades 5 to 7 cm. long, 
5 to 6 mm. wide; panicle 3 to 6 cm. 
long; spikelets 1.1 mm. long, pubes- 
cent. Autumnal culms radiate-spread- 
ing, late in the season bearing a few 
branches, with somewhat reduced 
blades. 2 —Moist sandy ground, 
northern Georgia, Florida, and north- 
ern Alabama, rare. 

81. Panicum ensifolium Baldw. ex 
Ell. (Fig. 990.) Vernal culms 20 to 
40 cm. tall, erect or reclining; blades 
distant, often reflexed, 1 to 3 cm. 
long, 1.5 to 3 mm. wide, puberulent 
beneath, at least toward the tip; 
panicle 1.5 to 4 em. long; spikelets 
1.3 to 1.5 mm. long, glabrous or 
puberulent. Autumnal culms spread- 
ing or reclining, sparingly branching 


Figure 988.—Panicum flavovirens. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 989.—Panicum concinnius. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


from the middle nodes, the branches 
mostly simple. 2 —Wet places, 
mostly sphagnum bogs or swamps, 
Coastal Plain, New Jersey to Florida 
and Louisiana. 

82. Panicum vernale Hitche. and 
Chase. (Fig. 991.) Vernal phase light 
green, soft in texture; culms 15 to 
30 cm. tall, very slender, ascending 
or spreading; leaves clustered at the 
base; blades thin, 2 to 7 cm. long, 
3 to 5 mm. wide, the culm blades 
smaller; panicle 1.5 to 3 cm. long, 
few-flowered; spikelets 1.4 to 1.5 mm. 
long, elliptic, subacute, pubescent. 


667 


Figure 990.—Panicum ensifolium. Plant, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Biltmore Herb., 
N.C.) 


Figure 991.—Panicum vernale. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Autumnal phase like the vernal in 
appearance, branching from the base, 
these culms simple and soon dying 
to the ground, rarely late in the sea- 
son producing a few short fascicled 


668 


branchlets from the nodes, the scarce- 
ly reduced flat blades spreading. 2 
—Moist places, especially sphagnum 
bogs, Florida to Mississippi. 


FiGuRE 992.—Panicum curtifolium. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


83. Panicum curtifolium Nash. 
(Fig. 992.) Vernal culms 10 to 30 
cm. tall, slender, weak, angled, erect 
or spreading, sheaths striate-angled, 
sparsely pilose; ligule about 1 mm. 
long; blades spreading or reflexed, 1.5 
to 3 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, thin, 
soft, sparsely pilose on both surfaces 
or nearly glabrous above; panicle 2 
to 3 ecm. long; spikelets 1.4 mm. 
long, glabrous or minutely pubescent. 
Autumnal culms weakly spreading, 
branching from the middle nodes, the 
ultimate branches in small fascicles 
toward the summit of the culm. 2 
-—Boggy soil and shady moist places, 
sometimes forming a rather dense 
carpet, South Carolina to Tennessee, 
south to Florida and Texas. 


Fictre 993.—Panicum chamaelonche. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


84. Panicum chamaelénche Trin. 
(Fig. 993.) Vernal culms densely 
tufted, 10 to 20 cm. tall, ascending; 
blades firm, ascending or spreading, 
1.5 to 4 cm. long, 2 to 3 mm. wide; 
panicle 2.5 to 5 em. long; spikelets 
1.1 to 1.2 mm. long, glabrous. Au- 
tumnal culms freely branching from 
the base and lower nodes, forming 
dense cushions as much as 50 cm. 
across. 21 —QOpen sandy soil in 
low pineland, North Carolina to 
Florida and Louisiana; Isla de Pinos. 


MISC, PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


85. Panicum glabrif6lium Nash. 
(Fig. 994.) Vernal phase similar to 
that of P. chamaelonche; culms stout- 
er, 15 to 50 cm. tall, mostly erect; 
blades erect, 4 to 12 cm. long, 2 to 
4mm. wide, usually involute; panicle 
4 to 9 em. long; spikelets 1.2 to 1.4 
mm. long, glabrous. Autumnal culms 
wiry, elongate, spreading, freely 
branching from the middle and upper 
nodes, the blades long and narrow. 
21 —Low sandy woods, peninsular 
Florida. Closely allied to P. chamae- 
lonche, but taller and with different 
autumnal phase. 


Figure 995.—Panicum 
breve. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 
10. (Type.) 


FicgurE 994.—Panicum 


glabrifolium. Two 
views of spikelet, and 
floret, X 10. (Type.) 


86. Panicum bréve Hitchce. and 
Chase. (Fig. 995.) Vernal phase pur- 
plish; culms 5 to 15 em. tall, erect, 
stiff and wiry; sheaths crowded at 
the base; blades erect, 3 to 6 cm. 
long, strongly involute, with a few 
stiff hairs at the base; panicle 1.5 to 
4 cm. long; spikelets 1.3 to 1.4 mm. 
long, puberulent. Autumnal phase 
erect, branching from the middle 
nodes, the fascicled branches strict. 
2} —Low pine woods and ham- 
mocks, east coast of southern Florida. 


12. Lancedria.—Olive green, often 
purplish; vernal culms usually 
wiry; ligules nearly obsolete; 
blades usually ciliate toward the 
base; spikelets asymmetrically 
pyriform, strongly 7- to 9-nerved. 
Autumnal culms spreading, free- 
ly branching. 

87. Panicum portoricénse Desv. ex 
Hamilt. (Fig. 996.) Vernal culms 15 
to 30 em. tall, slender, crisp-puberu- 
lent to nearly glabrous; sheaths gla- 
brous or crisp-puberulent; blades 
firm, 2 to 5 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, 
glabrous to puberulent; panicle 2 to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


4 em. long; spikelets 1.5 to 1.6 mm. 
long, puberulent. Autumnal culms 
branching from all but the uppermost 
node, the reduced blades involute- 
pointed. 2 (P.  pauciciliatum 
Ashe.) —Sandy woods of the Coastal 
Plain, mostly in moist places, North 
Carolina to Florida and Texas; Cuba; 
Puerto Rico. 


Figure 996.—Panicum portoricense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Ashe, N.C.) | 


88. Panicum lancearium ‘Trin. 
(Fig. 997.) Vernal culms 20 to 56 


FIGURE 997.—Panicum lancearium. Plant, X 1; two 
Mars of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 4545, 


669 


FicureE 998.—Panicum patulwm. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


em. tall, minutely grayish crisp- 
puberulent; sheaths puberulent; 
blades firm, 2 to 6 cm. long, 3 to 7 
mm. wide, usually glabrous on the 
upper surface, puberulent or nearly 
glabrous beneath; panicle 3 to 6 cm. 
long; spikelets 2 to 2.1 mm. long, gla- 
brous or usually puberulent. Autum- 
nal culms geniculate-spreading, bran- 
ching from the middle nodes. 2 
—Low sandy woods, Coastal Plain, 
southeastern Virginia to Florida and 
Texas; Cuba; Hispaniola; British 
Honduras. 

89. Panicum patulum (Scribn. and 
Merr.) Hitche. (Fig. 998.) Vernal 
phase grayish olive green; culms gen- 
iculate-decumbent, as much as 50 
cm. long, internodes and_ sheaths 
densely velvety-puberulent; blades 
rather lax, spreading, 4 to 8 cm. 
long, 4 to 8 mm. wide, velvety- 
puberulent beneath, pubescent above, 
ciliate at least half their length; 
spikelets as in P. lancearium but 
densely pubescent. Autumnal culms 
more freely branching than in P. 
lancearium, often forming large mats. 
2% —Low moist woods, Coastal 
Plain, southeastern Virginia to Fior- 
ida and Louisiana; British Honduras 
and Hispaniola. 

90. Panicum webberianum Nash. 
(Fig. 999.) Vernal phase usually pur- 
plish; culms rather stout, erect or 
ascending, 20 to 50 cm. tall, minutely 
puberulent to glabrous; leaves some- 
what crowded below; sheaths gla- 
brous or nearly so; blades firm, as- 
cending, often incurved or spoon- 


670 


Figure 999.—Panicum webberianum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


shaped, 3 to 9 cm. long, 4 to 12 mm. 
wide, usually ciliate at the subcordate 
base, glabrous; panicle 4 to 10 cm. 
long; spikelets 2.3 to 2.5 mm. long, 
purple-stained at base, glabrous or 
minutely pubescent. Autumnal culms 
spreading or decumbent, flabellately 
branched at the middle and upper 
nodes. 2 —Low pineland, North 
Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. 


FiaurE 1000.—Panicum patentifolium. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


91. Panicum patentifolium Nash. 
(Fig. 1000.) Vernal culms widely de- 
cumbent-ascending, slender, 25 to 55 
cm. tall, minutely puberulent to near- 
ly glabrous; blades stiffly spreading, 
2.5 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 5 mm. wide, 
glabrous; panicle 3 to 7 cm. long; 
spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. long, obovate, 
turgid, puberulent to nearly glabrous. 
Autumnal phase, decumbent or 
spreading, branching from the middle 
and upper nodes, the branches ap- 
pressed. 2 —Dry sand, especially 
in “scrub,” Georgia and Florida 
to Mississippi. 

13. Oligosanthia. — Culms mostly 
relatively stout, usually erect; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ligules inconspicuous except in 
P. ravenelii; blades firm; spike- 
lets turgid, strongly 7- to 9- 
nerved. Autumnal culms with 
branches more or less crowded 
toward the summit. 

92. Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey. 
(Fig. 1001.) Vernal culms 10 to 25 
em. tall, copiously papillose-hirsute, 
as are sheaths and blades; ligule 1 
mm. long; blades firm, erect, 5 to 8 


Fieure 1001.—Panicum wilcorianum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, usually 
involute-acuminate; panicle 2 to 5 
cm. long; spikelets 2.7 to 3 mm. long, 
papillose-pubescent. Autumnal culms 
branching from all the nodes, forming 
bushy tufts with rigid erect blades. 
2} —Prairies, Alberta and Mani- 
toba; Wisconsin and North Dakota 
to Illinois; Tennessee; Colorado and 
New Mexico. 

93. Panicum malacophyllum Nash. 
(Fig. 1002.) Vernal phase velvety or 
velvety-pilose throughout; culms 
slender, 25 to 70 cm. tall, ascending 
or spreading, the nodes retrorsely 
bearded; ligule 1 to 1.5 mm. long; 
blades 7 to 10 em. long, 6 to 12 mm. 
wide; panicle 3 to 7 cm. long; spike- 
lets 2.9 to 3 mm. long, papillose- 
pilose. Autumnal phase spreading, 
forming bushy topheavy clumps with 
reduced blades. 2 —Sandy woods, 
Tennessee to Kansas and Texas. 

94. Panicum helléri Nash. (Fig. 
1003.) Vernal culms 25 to 60 cm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


671 


FiGurRE 1002.—Panicum malacophyllum. Two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


tall, ascending or spreading, ap- 
pressed-pilose below, often glabrous 
above; sheaths sparsely papillose- 
hispid to glabrous; blades rather thin, 
glabrous on both surfaces or pubes- 
cent beneath, ciliate toward the base; 
panicle 6 to 12 cm. long; spikelets 
2.9 to 3 mm. long, glabrous or with 
a few scattered hairs. Autumnal 
phase branching at all but the lowest 
nodes, forming loose sprawling tufts, 
the blades widely spreading, not 
much reduced, the long-pediceled 
spikelets rather conspicuous among 
the foliage. 2 —Open woods and 
prairies, Missouri and Oklahoma to 


Figure 1003.—Panicum helleri?. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 1004.—Panicum scribnerianum. Plant, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Vernal phase, 
McDonald 382, Ill.; autumnal phase, Umbach 2365, Il.) 


672 
Louisiana and New Mexico. Closely 
related to P. scribnerianum. 

95. Panicum scribneri4num Nash. 
(Fig. 1004.) Vernal culms 20 to 50 
cm. tall, glabrous or harshly pu- 
berulent or sometimes ascending- 
pilose; sheaths striate, papillose-his- 
pid to nearly glabrous; blades as- 
cending or erect, 5 to 10 cm. long, 
6 to 12 mm. wide, firm, rounded at 
the ciliate base, glabrous on the 
upper surface, appressed-pubescent 


Ficgure 1005.—Panicum oligosanthes. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


to glabrous beneath; panicle 4 to 8 
cm. long; spikelets 3.2 to 3.38 mm. 
long, obovate, blunt, sparsely pubes- 
cent to nearly glabrous. Autumnal 
phase branching from the middle and 
upper nodes. 2 —Sandy soil or 
dry prairies, Maine to British Colum- 
bia and Washington, south to Vir- 
ginia, Mississippi, Texas, and Ari- 
zona; Mexico. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


96. Panicum oligosanthes Schult. 
(Fig. 1005.) Vernal culms 35 to 80- 
cm. tall, appressed-pubescent, es- 
pecially below; sheaths with as- 
cending papillose pubescence; blades 
stiffly spreading or ascending, 6 to 
14 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. wide, gla- 
brous or nearly so on the upper 
surface, harshly puberulent beneath; 
panicle 6 to 12 cm. long; spikelets 
long-pediceled, 3.5 to 4 mm. long, 
subacute, sparsely hirsute. Autumnal 
phase erect to spreading, branching 
freely from the upper nodes. 2 
Sandy, usually moist woods, Massa- 
chusetts and Michigan to Iowa, south 
to Florida and Texas. 

97. Panicum ravenélii Scribn. and 
Merr. (Fig. 1006.) Vernal culms 30 
to 70 cm. tall, densely papillose- 
hirsute with ascending hairs, the 
nodes short-bearded; sheaths hirsute 
like the culm; ligule 3 to 4 mm. long; 
blades thick, 8 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 
2 cm. wide, glabrous on the upper 
surface, densely velvety-hirsute be- 
neath; panicle 7 to 12 cm. long; 
spikelets 4 to 4.3 mm. long, sparsely 
papillose-pubescent. Autumnal phase 


Fiaure 1006.—Panicum ravenelit. Two views of spikelet, and 


floret, X 10. (Type.) 


more or less spreading, branching 
from the middle and upper nodes, 
the short branches crowded at the 
summit. 2 —Sandy or gravelly 
woods or open ground, Delaware to 
Missouri, south to Florida and Texas. 

98. Panicum  leibérgii (Vasey) 
Scribn. (Fig. 1007.) Vernal culms 
slender, 25 to 75 cm. tall, erect from 
a more or less geniculate base, pilose 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


or scabrous; sheaths papillose-hispid 
with spreading hairs; ligule obsolete 
or nearly so; blades ascending or 
erect, rather thin, 6 to 15 cm. long, 
7 to 15 mm. wide, papillose-hispid 
on both surfaces, often sparsely so 
above; panicle 8 to 15 cm. long, less 
than half as wide; spikelets 3.7 to 
4mm. long, strongly papillose-hispid. 
Autumnal phase leaning, sparingly 
branching from the middle and lower 
nodes. 2 —Prairies, New York 
and Pennsylvania to Manitoba and 
North Dakota, south to Ohio and 
Kansas; Texas. 

99. Panicum xanthophysum A. 
Gray. (Fig. 1008.) Vernal phase 
yellowish green; culms 20 to 55 cm. 
tall, more or less scabrous; sheaths 
sparsely papillose-pilose; blades erect 
or nearly so, rather thin, prominently 
nerved, 10 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. 
wide, glabrous except the ciliate base; 
panicle 5 to 12 cm. long, very narrow, 
few-flowered, the stiff branches erect 
or nearly so; spikelets 3.7 to 4 mm. 
long, blunt, pubescent. Autumnal 


673 


Ficure 1007.—Panicum leibergii. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


phase erect or ascending, branching 

from the second and third nodes, the 

branches erect, mostly simple. 2 

—Sandy or gravelly soil, Quebec to 

Manitoba, south to Pennsylvania, 

West Virginia, and Minnesota. 

14. Pedicellata.—Culms slender from 
a knotted crown; sheaths papil- 
lose-hirsute; ligules about 1 mm. 
long; blades long-ciliate at least 
toward base; spikelets attenuate 
at base, 7- to 9-nerved, papillose- 
pubescent. Autumnal culms free- 
ly branching, the branches ap- 
pearing before the maturity of 
the primary panicle; no distinct 
winter rosette formed. 

100. Panicum pedicellatum Vasey. 
(Fig. 1009.) Vernal culms erect or as- 
cending, 20 to 50 cm. tall, usually 
ascending-hirsute, at least below; 
blades 5 to 9 cm. long, 3 to 6 mm. 
wide, glabrous or sometimes mi- 


nutely hispid; panicle 3 to 6 cm. 
long; spikelets 3.5 to 3.7 mm. long, 
elliptic; first glume about half as 
acute, 


long as the _ spikelet, the 


Figure 1008.—Panicum xanthophysum. Two views of spikelet, 


and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


674 


second shorter than the fruit. Au- 
tumnal culms erect or leaning, branch- 
ing from all but the uppermost nodes, 
the branches spreading. 2 
central 


—Dry 
woods and _ prairies, and 


southern Texas. 


FIGURE 1009.—Panicum pedicellatum. Plant, X 1; two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Heller, Tex.) 


Figure 1010.—Panicum nodatum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


101. Panicum nodatum Hitche. and 
Chase. (Fig. 1010.) Vernal culms 
tufted, ascending or spreading, hard 
and wiry, 25 to 35 cm. tall, finely 
papillose, crisp-puberulent; blades 
firm, ascending, 3 to 5 cm. long, 3 
to 6 mm. wide, puberulent on both 
surfaces; panicle 4 to 5 cm. long, few- 
flowered; spikelets 4 mm. long, pyri- 
form. Autumnal culms widely genicu- 
late-decumbent, branching from all 
but the uppermost node, the branches 
somewhat divaricate, the nodes of the 
main culm swollen. 2 —Oak 
woods in sand dunes, southern Texas 
and northern Mexico. 


15. Scoparia.—Species of various 
habit, vernal culms tall; ligules 
1. mm. long or less; blades 
elongate; spikelets abruptly 
pointed, 7- to 9-nerved; autum- 
nal culms branching from the 
middle or upper nodes. 


102. Panicum scoparium Lam. (Fig. 
1011.) Vernal phase grayish olive 
green, velvety-pubescent throughout 
except on a viscid ring below the 
nodes and at the summit of the 
sheath; culms 80 to 130 cm. tall, 
stout, erect or ascending, usually 
geniculate at base; blades rather 
thick, 12 to 20 cm. long, 10 to 18 
mm. wide; panicle 8 to 15 cm. long, 
the axis and branches with viscid 
blotches; spikelets 2.4 to 2.6 mm. 
long, obovate, turgid, papillose-pubes- 
cent. Autumnal phase leaning or 
spreading, freely branching from the 
middle nodes, forming flabellate fas- 
cicles. 2 —Wet or damp soil, 
Massachusetts to Florida, west 
through Kentucky to Missouri, Okla- 
homa, and Texas; Cuba. 

103. Panicum aculeatum Hitchce. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1012.) Vernal culms 
in large clumps, slender, 70 to 100 
em. tall, ascending, scabrous, harshly 
pubescent below; sheaths papillose- 
hispid with stiff sharp-pointed hairs, 
a puberulent ring at the summit, the 
uppermost usually glabrous; blades 
firm, stiffly ascending or spreading, 
12 to 20 cm. long, 9 to 13 mm. wide, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ne A S 
OS 


675 


Fiaure 1011.—Panicum scoparium. Plant, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (McGregor 212, 8. C.) 


scabrous on the upper surface and 
toward the apex beneath; panicle 8 
to 12 cm. long, few-flowered; spilke- 
lets 3 mm. long, elliptic, minutely 
pubescent, pointed beyond the fruit. 
Autumnal culms branching from the 
middle nodes, the branches more or 
less divaricate, the ultimate panicles 
wholly or partly included in the 
sheaths. 2 —Swampy woods, 
Connecticut to North Carolina, rare. 

104. Panicum recognitum Fernald. 
(Fig. 1013.) Culms 60 to 150 em. tall, 
with elongate internodes, glabrous; 
sheaths much shorter than the inter- 
nodes, papillose-pilose to glabrate; 
ligule minute; blades 6 to 13 cm. long, 
8 to 15 mm. wide, lanceolate, acumi- 
nate, glabrous, or sometimes pilose 
on the lower surface, the margins 
ciate toward the cordate base, 
pubescent on the collar; primary 
panicle 8 to 13 cm. long, the branches 
broadly ascending, few-flowered ; pul- 
vini pubescent; spikelets 2.2 to 2.8 
mm. long, elliptic, rather sparsely 
pubescent; first glume 0.8 to 1 mm. 
long, ovate, acute, the second glume 
and sterile lemma subequal, scarcely 


Figure 1012.—Panicum aculeatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


FigurRE 1013.—Panicum recognitum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Long 7672, N. J.) 


676 


covering the fruit. Autumnal phase 
sparingly branched, the branches 
elongate, ascending, the panicles 1.5 
to 5 cm. long. 2 —Open sandy 
ground, swamps, and moist places, 
Rhode Island, New Jersey, and 
eastern Pennsylvania. 


Fiaurr 1014.—Panicum mundum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Fernald and Long 6017, 
Va.) 


105. Panicum mindum Fernald. 
(Fig. 1014.) Culms 50 to 140 cm. 
tall, densely tufted, pilose or papil- 
lose-pilose with ascending hairs, the 
nodes retrorsely bearded, with a gla- 
brous glandular ring below; sheaths 
much shorter than the internodes, 
viscid-spotted, ascending-pilose or 
glabrate; ligule about 1 mm. long; 
blades 6 to 15 cm. long, 8 to 18 mm. 
wide, lanceolate, subcordate, papil- 
lose-ciliate toward the base; primary 
panicle 7 to 12 cm. long, 5 to 10 
cm. wide, the branches ascending; 
spikelets 1.8 to 2.2 mm. long, sub- 
globose or ellipsoid, densely pubes- 
cent, first glume about one-fourth the 
length of the spikelet, subacute. Au- 
tumnal phase sparingly branched, the 
panicles 1 to 6 cm. long. 2 — 
Borders of swamps and sandy, peaty 
meadows, southeastern Virginia 
(Princess Anne and Sussex Counties) 
and Durham County, N. C 


Figure 1015.—Panicum scabriusculum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


106. Panicum scabriisculum Ell. 
(Fig. 1015.) Vernal phase grayish 
olive green; culms erect, 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall, scabrous at least below the nodes, 
sometimes puberulent; sheaths gla- 
brous or more or less hispid at least 
toward the summit, often mottled or 
white-spotted, commonly swollen at 
the base and contracted toward the 
summit; blades stiffly ascending or 
spreading, often reflexed, 15 to 25 
cm. long, 9 to 12 mm. wide, glabrous 
or scabrous, often more or less pubes- 
cent beneath, tapering to an involute 
point; panicle 10 to 20 cm. long; 
spikelets 2.3 to 2.6 mm. long, ovate, 
glabrous or obscurely puberulent. 
Autumnal culms erect, branching 
from the middle and upper nodes, the 
branches appressed, finally forming 
dense oblong masses along the upper 
part of the primary culm, the pan- 
icles partly or entirely enclosed in the 
sheaths. 2 —Moist ground, espe- 
cially along ditches, streams, and 
swamps, Coastal Plain, New Jersey 
to Florida and Texas. 


FigurE 1016.—Panicum cryptanthum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


107. Panicum cryptanthum Ashe. 
(Fig. 1016.) Vernal culms erect, 80 to 
100 cm. tall, glabrous except the usu- 
ally bearded nodes; sheaths glabrous 
or the lowermost sparsely hirsute, the 
upper somewhat inflated; blades stiff, 
glabrous, sparingly ciliate at base, 10 
to 15 cm. long, 7 to 9 mm. wide; pan- 
icle 6 to 10 em. long, the axis and as- 
cending branches  viscid-spotted; 
spikelets 2.2 to 2.4 mm. long, lance- 
olate-elliptic, pointed. Autumnal 
culms erect, sparingly branching from 
the middle nodes, the panicles partly 
hidden in the sheaths. 2 —Low 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


swampy ground, Virginia to Florida 
and Texas; infrequent. 


16. Commutata.—Culms _ relatively 
stout, glabrous or puberulent; 
ligules obsolete or nearly so; 
blades cordate and more or less 
ciliate at base; spikelets elliptic, 
not very turgid, 7- to 9-nerved, 
pubescent. Autumnal culms usu- 
ally rather sparingly branching. 

108. Panicum Ashei Pearson. (Fig. 

1017.) Vernal phase usually purplish, 

from a knotted crown; culms 25 to 50 

cm. tall, erect, stiff and wiry, densely 

crisp-puberulent; sheaths less densely 
puberulent; blades rather thick and 

firm, 4 to 8 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. 

wide, glabrous; panicle 5 to 8 cm. 

long, loosely flowered; spikelets 2.4 to 

2.7 mm. long. Autumnal culms erect 

or topheavy-reclining, bearing diver- 

gent branches from the middle and 
upper nodes or from the upper nodes 
only. 2 —Dry, especially rocky 


> 
a 


\) 


677 


Figure 1017.—Panicum ashei. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, * 10. (Type coll.) 


woods, Massachusetts to Michigan 
and Missouri, south to northern Flor- 
ida, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Okla- 
homa. 

109. Panicum commutatum Schult. 
(Fig. 1018.) Vernal culms 40 to 75 
cm. tall, erect; sheaths glabrous or 
nearly so; blades 5 to 12 cm. long, 12 
to 25 mm. wide, glabrous on both 
surfaces or puberulent beneath; pan- 


FieurE 1018.—Panicum commutatum. Plant, X 1; ae rane of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Bock and Chase 
118, Il. 


678 


icle 6 to 12 cm. long; spikelets 2.6 to 
2.8 mm. long. Autumnal culms erect 
or leaning, branching from the middle 
nodes, the secondary branches 


crowded toward the summit. 2 


Figure 1019.—Panicum mutabile. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


—Woods and copses, Massachusetts 
to Michigan and Oklahoma, south to 
Florida and Texas. 

110. Panicum mutabile Scribn. and 
Smith ex Nash. (Fig. 1019.) Vernal 
phase blue green, glaucous; culms 
solitary or few in a tuft, erect, 30 to 
70 cm. tall; sheaths glabrous; blades 
horizontally spreading, 6 to 15 cm. 
long, 8 to 20 mm. wide, tapering to 
both ends, glabrous, ciliate toward 
the cordate base or the lower ciliate 
nearly to apex; panicle 7 to 15 cm. 
long; spikelets 2.9 to 3 mm. long. 
Autumnal culms erect or reclining, 
sparingly branched from the middle 
and upper nodes. 2 —Sandy pine 
woods or hammocks, Coastal Plain, 
southeastern Virginia to Florida and 
Mississippi. 

111. Panicum joorii Vasey. (Fig. 
1020.) Vernal culms 20 to 55 em. tall, 
slender, spreading or ascending from 
a decumbent base, at least the lower 
internodes purplish red; sheaths gla- 
brous; blades 6 to 15 cm. long, 7 to 
18 mm. wide, thin, often subfalcate, 


glabrous on both surfaces; panicle 


loosely flowered, 5 to 9 cm. long; 
spikelets 3 to 3.1 mm. long. Autumnal 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


culms widely spreading, bearing more 
or less divaricate branches from all 
the nodes, the ultimate branches in 
short dense fascicles. 21 —Low or 
swampy woods, Coastal Plain, south- 


Figure 1020.—Panicum joorii. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


eastern Virginia to Florida, west to 
Arkansas and Texas; Mexico. 


FiaurE 1021.—Panicum equilaterale. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


112. Panicum equilaterale Scribn. 
(Fig. 1021.) Vernal culms 25 to 70 
cm. tall, stiff and erect; sheaths gla- 
brous, the upper two often approxi- 
mate; blades firm, widely spreading, 
6 to 17 cm. long, 6 to 14 mm. wide, 
the margins nearly parallel, glabrous, 
often ciliate at the rounded or sub- 
cordate base; panicle 5 to 10 cm. long; 
spikelets 3.2 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms erect or leaning, branching 
from the upper and middle nodes. 
2 —Pinelands, hammocks, and 
sandy woods, Coastal Plain, North 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Carolina, South Carolina, and Flor- 

ida. 

17. Latifélia——Culms rather stout, 
erect or suberect; ligules not 
more than 1 mm. long; blades 
cordate, clasping; spikelets rather 
turgid, 7- to 9-nerved, pubescent. 
Autumnal phase usually rather 
sparingly branching. 

113. Panicum clandestinum — L. 
(Fig. 1022.) Vernal culms in large 
dense clumps, sometimes with strong 
rhizomes 5 to 10 em. long, 70 to 150 
em. tall, scabrous to papillose-hispid, 


Uj 


a 


SS 


S = 


Z 
: (Vp 
A SS / 
== Ss 
SS —— LY 
73 SS SS 
sy —— ay =f 
T =F, 
\ WA 


679 


Fiaure 1022.—Panicum clandestinum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Torrey, N. Y.) 


Figure 1023.—Panicum latifolium. Plant, X 1; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Schenck, IIl.) 


at least below the nodes; sheaths 
strongly papillose-hispid to nearly 
glabrous; blades spreading or finally 
reflexed, 10 to 20 cm. long, 1.2 to 3 
cm. wide, scabrous on both surfaces, 
at least toward the end, usually ciliate 
at base; panicle 8 to 15 cm. long; 
spikelets 2.7 to 3 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms erect or leaning, the branches 
leafy, the swollen bristly sheaths over- 
lapping and wholly or partly enclos- 
ing the panicles. 21 —Moist mostly 
sandy ground, Nova Scotia, Quebec, 
and Maine to Kansas, south to north- 
ern Florida and Texas. 

114. Panicum latifélium L. (Fig. 
1023.) Vernal culms from a knotted 
crown; culms 45 to 100 cm. tall, gla- 
brous or the lower part sparsely pu- 


bescent; sheaths ciliate; blades 8 to 
18 cm. long, 1.5 to 4 cm. wide, gla- 
brous; panicle 7 to 15 em. long; spike- 
lets 3.4 to 3.7 mm. long. Autumnal 
culms more or less spreading, branch- 
ing from the middle nodes, the upper 
leaves of the branches crowded and 
spreading, not much reduced. 2 
—Rocky or sandy woods, Maine and 
Quebec to Minnesota, south to Geor- 
gia, Kansas and Arkansas. 

115. Panicum boscii Poir. (Fig. 
1024.) Vernal phase resembling that 
of P. latifolium; culms 40 to 70 cm. 
tall, glabrous or minutely puberulent, 
the nodes retrorsely bearded; sheaths 
glabrous or nearly so; blades spread- 
ing, 7 to 12 cm. long, 1.5 to 3 cm. 
wide, sparsely ciliate at base, gla- 


680 


= sore 


STO : 


brous or nearly so; panicle 6 to 12 cm. 
long; spikelets 4 to 4.5 mm. long, 
about half as wide, papillose-pubes- 
cent. Autumnal phase about as in P. 
latefoliwm, finally top-heavy-reclining. 
21 —Woods, Massachusetts to Wis- 
consin and Oklahoma, south to north- 
ern Florida and Texas. Panicum 
BOSCII var. MOLLE (Vasey) Hitche. 
and Chase. Differing from P. bosc7z in 
the downy-villous culms and sheaths 
and the velvety blades. 2 — 
About the same range as the species. 


SUBGENUS 3. EuvupdAnicum Godr. 


Spikelets in open or condensed pan- 
icles or in spikelike racemes, the 
branchlets not produced as bris- 
tles (the naked tip forming a 
short point in Geminata); not 
presenting vernal and autumnal 
phases of a distinctive character, 
with winter rosettes of leaves dif- 
ferent from the culm leaves. 


1. Geminata.—Subaquatic glabrous 
perennials; inflorescence of sev- 
eral erect, spikelike racemes dis- 
tant on an elongate axis; rachis 
ending in a short naked point; 
spikelets subsessile, abruptly 
pointed, glabrous, first glume 
truncate; fruit transversely ru- 
cose. 

116. Panicum geminatum Forsk. 
(Fig. 1025.) Culms tufted, 25 to 80 
em. tall, scarcely succulent, often de- 
cumbent at base or with stolons root- 
ing at the nodes; blades 10 to 20 cm. 
long, 3 to 6 mm. wide, flat, or in- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1024.—Panicum boscit. Two views of spikelet, and floret, 


X 10. (Type.) 


velute toward the apex; panicle 12 to 
30 cm. long, the appressed racemes 12 
to 18, the lower 2.5 to 3 cm. long, the 
upper gradually shorter; spikelets 2.2 
to 2.4 mm. long, 5-nerved. 2 — 
Moist ground or shallow water, 
mostly near the coast, southern Flor- 
ida, Louisiana, Texas, and Okla- 
homa; warmer regions of both hemi- 
spheres. 

117. Panicum paludivagum Hitche. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1026.) Resembling 
P. geminatum, but the culms elongate 
from a long creeping rooting base, 
rather succulent, as much as 2 m. 
long, the lower part submerged, 
loosely branching; blades 15 to 40 
em. long, scabrous on the upper sur- 
face; spikelets 2.8 to 3 mm. long, 
faintly 3-nerved; fruit obscurely ru- 
gose. 2 —More or less submerged 
in fresh-water rivers and lakes, Flor- 
ida, Texas; Mexico, Guatemala. 


2. Purpurascéntia.—Stoloniferous ro- 
bust perennial; a single species 
introduced. 

118. Panicum purpurascens Raddi. 
Para Grass. (Fig. 1027.) Culms de- 
cumbent and rooting at base, 2 to 5 
m. long, the nodes densely villous; 
sheaths villous or the upper glabrous, 
densely pubescent on the collar; 
blades 10 to 30 cm. long, 10 to 15 
mm. wide, flat, glabrous; panicle 12 
to 20 cm. long, the rather distant sub- 
racemose densely flowered branches 
ascending or spreading; spikelets sub- 
sessile, 3 mm. long, elliptic, 5-nerved, 
glabrous; fruit minutely transversely 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 681 


Zz 
z> 


Pi 
SS 


PP Ses 
a, a ee 


— 
SS, 


Anus IEP 


FiguRE 1025.—Panicum geminatum. Plant, X 14; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Tracy 9395, Fla.) 


rugose. 2 (P. barbinode Trin.)— _ soil, borders of rivers, marshes, and 
Cultivated and waste ground in moist swamps, Florida, Alabama (Mobile), 


682 


Texas; Oregon (Linnton); throughout 
tropical America at low altitudes. 
Commonly cultivated in tropical 
America as a forage grass, being cut 
for green feed. It probably was intro- 
duced into Brazil at an early date 
from Africa. 


Figure 1026.—Panicum paludivagum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


3. Fasciculataa—Branching annuals; 
blades flat; ligules not more than 
1 mm. long; panicles of ascend- 
ing spikelike racemes along an 
angled axis; spikelets subsessile, 
abruptly pointed, strongly 5- to 
7-nerved; fruit transversely ru- 
gose. 

119. Panicum réptans L. (Fig. 
1028.) Culms ascending 10 to 30 
cm. above the creeping base; blades 
1.5 to 6 cm. long, 4 to 12 mm. wide, 
cordate, usually glabrous, ciliate on 
the undulate margin at base; panicle 
2 to 6 cm. long, the 3 to 12 ascending 
or spreading racemes 2 to 3 cm. long, 
ageregate, the rachis usually pilose 
with long weak hairs; spikelets se- 
cund, about 2 mm. long, glabrous, on 
pubescent or pilose pedicels about 1 
mm.; first glume very short, truncate 
or rounded. © —Moist open 
ground, or a weed in cultivated fields, 
Florida to Texas; tropical regions of 
both hemispheres. 

120. Panicum fasciculatum Swartz. 
BROWNTOP PANICUM. (Fig. 1029.) 


Culms erect or spreading from a 


decumbent base, 30 to 100 cm. tall, 
sometimes pubescent below the pan- 
icle or hispid below the appressed- 
pubescent nodes, the more robust 
freely branched from the lower nodes; 
sheaths glabrous to papillose-hispid; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


blades 4 to 30 cm. long, 6 to 20 mm. 
wide, glabrous; panicle 5 to 15 cm. 
long; the racemes 5 to 10 em. long; 
spikelets yellow or bronze brown, 2.1 
to 2.5 mm. long, rarely 3 mm., 
obovate, turgid, glabrous, strongly 
transversely wrinkled or veined. © 
—Moist open ground, often a weed 
in fields, southern Florida, southern 
Texas; tropical America, at low alti- 
tudes. 

PANICUM FASCICULATUM var. RE- 
TIcCULATUM (Torr.) Beal. Differing 
from P. fasciculatum in having small- 
er more compact panicles, narrower 
pubescent blades, less regular sub- 
erect racemes and larger, mostly more 
yellowish spikelets 2.6 to 3 mm. long. 
Many intergrades occur. © (This 
has been erroneously referred to P. 
fasciculatum var. chartaginense 
(Swartz) Doell.)—Prairies, fields, and 
waste ground; New Mexico and 
Arizona; Mexico. 

121. Panicum adspérsum Trin. 
(Fig. 1030.) Culms ascending or 
spreading from a decumbent base, 
rooting at the lower nodes, 30 to 100 
em. tall; blades 5 to 15 em. long, 8 
to 20 mm. wide; panicle 6 to 15 em. 
long, the racemes 3 to 10 em. long; 
spikelets 3.2 to 4 mm. long, fusiform, 
abruptly acuminate, hispid or his- 
pidulous, sometimes only at the 
summit, rarely glabrous, obscurely 
reticulate-veined. © —Moist open 
ground, often on coral limestone, 
Florida; ballast, Philadelphia and 
Camden; Mobile; West Indies. The 
Florida specimens, commonly more 
robust than the typical form from the 
West Indies, have been described as 
P. keyense Mez. 

122. Panicum raméosum L. Brown- 
TOP MILLET. (Fig. 1031.) Resembling 
P. fasciculatum var. reticulatum; ped- 
icels bristly; spikelets glabrous to 
finely pubescent, about 3 mm. long, 
tawny or dull brown. © —Waste 
ground, North Carolina to Florida, 
Arkansas, and Louisiana; tropical 
Asia. Cultivated for bird food. 

123. Panicum arizonicum Scribn. 
and Merr. ARIZONA PANICUM. (Fig. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 683 


Figure 1027.—Panicum purpurascens. Plant, X 4; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 9693, 
amaica. 


1032.) Culms erect’ or sometimes de- wide, glabrous or _ papillose-hispid 
cumbent at base, 20 to 60 cm. tall; beneath, ciliate near base; panicle 7 
sheaths glabrous to papillose-hispid; to 20 cm. long, the branches rather 
blades 5 to 15 em. long, 6 to 12 mm. loosely flowered, finely pubescent 


684 


Fiaure 1028.—Panicum reptans. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type of P. prostratum Lam.) 


Figure 1029.—Panicum fasciculatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


FicguRE 1030.—Panicum adspersum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, 10. (Type.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and papillose-hirsute; spikelets 3.5 
to 3.8 mm. long, obovate-elliptic, 
densely hirsute to glabrous. © — 
Open sandy or stony ground, or in 
cultivated soil, western Texas to 
southern California; Mexico. 

124. Panicum texanum Buck. 
TEXAS MILLET. (Fig. 1033.) Culms 
erect or ascending, often decumbent 
and rooting at the lower nodes, 50 
to 150 cm. or even to 3 m. long, 
softly pubescent, at least below the 
nodes and below the panicles; sheaths 
softly pubescent, often  papillose; 
blades 8 to 20 cm. long, 7 to 15 mm. 
wide, softly pubescent; panicle 8 to 
20 cm. long, the branches short, 
appressed, loosely flowered, the axis 
and rachises pubescent, with long 
hairs intermixed; spikelets 5 to 6 
mm. long, fusiform, pilose, often ob- 
scurely reticulate. © —Prairies 
and open ground, especially on low 
land along streams, often a weed in 
fields, Texas; introduced at several 
localities, North Carolina to Florida 
and Oklahoma; Arizona; northern 
Mexico. 


4, Dichotomifl6ra.—Somewhat — suc- 
culent branching annuals (a few 
species perennial); blades flat, 
panicles many-flowered, the 
branchlets short and appressed 
along the rather stiff main 
branches; spikelets short-pedi- 
celed, 7-nerved, glabrous; first 
glume short, broad; fruit smooth 
and shining. 


FicguRE 1031.—Panicum ramosum. Two 
views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. 
(Handley A-75, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


125. Panicum dichotomiflorum 
Michx. Fatt PANIcUM. (Fig. 1034.) 
Culms ascending or spreading from 
a geniculate base, 50 to 100 cm. long, 
or in robust specimens as much as 
2 m. long; ligule a dense ring of white 
hairs 1 to 2 mm. long; blades sca- 
berulous and sometimes sparsely pi- 
lose on the upper surface, 10 to 50 
em. long, 3 to 20 mm. wide, the 
white midrib usually prominent; pan- 
icles terminal and axillary, mostly 
included at base, 10 to 40 cm. long 
or more, the main branches ascending; 
spikelets narrowly oblong-ovate, 2 to 
3 mm., usually about 2.5 mm., long, 
acute. © —Moist ground, along 
streams, and a weed in waste places 
and cultivated soil, Nova Scotia and 


FiguRE 1033.—Panicum tecanum. Panicle, X 1; two views of spikelet, and 
floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 3187, Tex.) 


Maine to Minnesota, south to Flor- 
ida and Texas, occasionally intro- 
duced farther west; here and there in 
the West Indies. PANIcUM DICHOTO- 
MIFLORUM var. PURITANORUM Sven- 
son. Differing in the shorter, more 
slender culms and looser panicles and 
in the rather less-pointed spikelets 
about 2 mm. long. Intergrades with 
the species. © —Wet sandy or 
boggy shores of ponds, Massachusetts, 
Connecticut, Long Island; Indiana. 

126. Panicum bartowénse Scribn. 
and Merr. (Fig. 1035.) Resembling 


685 


Fiaure 1032.—Panicum arizonicum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Palmer 159, Mexico.) 


P. dichotomiflorum, mostly larger; 
culms erect, simple or sparingly 
branched, as much as 2 m. tall and 
7 mm. thick; sheaths papillose-hispid ; 
ligule 2 to 3 mm. long. © —Low 
ground, often in shallow water, Flor- 
ida; Bahamas; Cuba, Jamaica. 
127. Panicum lactistre Hitche. and 
Ekman. (Fig. 1036.) Aquatic or 
terrestrial perennial; culms nearly 
simple, those of terrestrial plants 
erect, about 1 m. tall, with short 
innovations with pilose sheaths and 
flat blades, 1 to 10 cm. long, 2 to 4 


686 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1034.—Panicum dichotomiflorum. Panicle, X 1; two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Deam, Ind.) 


Figure 1035.—Panicum bartowense. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 1036.—Panicum lacustre. Branch of panicle, 
a ls Ves 15910, Fla.); spikelet and floret, X 10. 
ype. 


mm. wide, pilose on the upper sur- 
face; culm sheaths mostly longer than 
the internodes, but narrow, exposing 
the nodes, glabrous; ligule membra- 
naceous, densely ciliate; blades flat 
or folded, 15 tc 30 em. long, 2 to 3 
mm. wide, sparsely pilose on the 
upper surface; panicle erect, 10 to 
25 cm. long, the rather distant 
branches ascending, with appressed 
branchle s except toward the base; 
spikelets 2 to 2.2 mm. long, subacute, 
glabrous; first glume one-fourth to 
one-third as long as the spikelet. 2 
—Edges of cypress ponds, west of 
Miles City, Collier County, Fla. The 
type, from western Cuba, is an 
aquatic plant with a succulent base 
rooting at the nodes and with loose 
papery lower sheaths. 


5. Capillaria. — Branching annuals, 
papillose-hispid, at least on the 
sheaths; ligules 1 to 3 mm. long; 
panicles many-flowered, mostly 
diffuse; spikelets pointed, 7- to 
9-nerved, glabrous; first glume 
large, clasping; fruit smooth and 
shining, usually olive brown at 
maturity. 

128. Panicum fléxile (Gattinger) 
Scribn. (Fig. 1037.) Culms slender, 
erect, much-branched from the base, 
20 to 70 em. tall, somewhat hispid 
below, the nodes pubescent; blades 
erect but not stiff, glabrous or sparse- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ly hispid, as much as 30 cm. long, 
2 to 6 mm. wide; panicles relatively 
few-flowered, oblong, narrow, 10 to 
20 cm. long, about one-third as wide; 
spikelets 3.1 to 3.5 mm. long. © 
—Sandy, mostly damp soil, meadows 
and open woods, eastern Canada and 
New York to North Dakota, south 
to Florida and Texas; introduced in 
Utah. 


Figure 1037.—Panicum flexile. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


129. Panicum gattingéri Nash. 
(Fig. 1038.) Culms at first erect, 
soon decumbent and rooting at the 
lower nodes, papillose-hispid, in ro- 


bust specimens as much as | m. long; 


blades 6 to 10 mm. wide, more or 
less hispid or nearly glabrous; panicles 
numerous, terminal and _ axillary, 
oval or elliptic in outline, the terminal 
10 to 15 em. long, the lateral smaller; 
spikelets 2 mm. long. © —Open 
ground and waste places, often a weed 
in cultivated soil, New York and 
Ontario to Minnesota, south to North 
Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas. 


FIGURE 1039.—Panicum philadelphicum. Two views 
of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type coll.) 


130. Panicum philadélphicum 
Bernh. ex Trin. (Fig. 1039.) Plants 
light yellowish green; culms slender, 
usually erect, 15 to 50 cm. tall, 
papillose-hispid to nearly glabrous, 
more or less zigzag at base; blades 
usually erect, 5 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 
6 mm. wide, rather sparsely hirsute; 
panicles 10 to 20 cm. long, few- 
flowered, the branches solitary, rather 
stiffly ascending, the axillary pulvini 
hispid; spikelets 1.7 to 2 mm. long, 
mostly in twos at the ends of the 
branchlets. © —Dry open or 
sandy ground, Connecticut to Minne- 
sota, south to Georgia and Texas. 


Figure 1040.—Panicum lithophilum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


131. Panicum lithéphilum Swallen. 
(Fig. 1040.) Culms 10 to 30 em. tall, 
in small tufts, glabrous or sparsely 
hispid; sheaths _ papillose-hispid; 
blades erect, 6 to 8 cm. long, 2 to 4 
mm. wide, conspicuously tinged with 
purple; panicles 7 to 15 cm. long, the 
branches stiffly spreading, few-flow- 


Figure 1038.—Panicum gattingeri. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 1041.—Panicum tuckermant. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type coll.) 


688 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1042.—Panicum capillare. Plant, X 14; two views of spikelet, and floret. X 10. (V. H. Chase 774, Ill.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


ered; pulvini glabrous or very sparsely 
pilose; spikelets 2.1 to 2.2 mm. long, 
short-pediceled, appressed, in pairs 
at the ends of the branchlets. © 
—Granite outcrops, Georgia. 

132. Panicum tuckermani [ernald. 
(Fig. 1041.) Resembling P. philadel- 
phicum and intergrading with it; often 
spreading or prostrate and much 
branched at base; panicles more 
densely flowered, the branches more 
spreading, the axillary pulvini gla- 
brous; spikelets somewhat racemosely 
arranged, rather than in twos at the 
end. © -—Sandy or gravelly shores 
and open ground, Maine and eastern 
Canada to Connecticut and New 
York; Ohio and Indiana to Minne- 
sota. 

133. Panicum capillare L. Wrrcu- 
Grass. (Hig. 1042.) Culms erect or 
somewhat spreading at base, 20 to 80 
em. tall, papillose-hispid to nearly 
glabrous; sheaths hispid; blades 10 to 
25 em. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, hispid 
on both surfaces; panicles densely 
flowered, very diffuse, often half the 
length of the entire plant, included at 
the base until maturity, the branches 
finally divaricately spreading, the 
whole panicle breaking away and roll- 
ing before the wind; spikelets 2 to 2.5 
mm. long. © —Open ground and 
waste places, a weed in cultivated 
ground, Maine to Montana, south to 
Florida and Texas, and occasionally 
west of this area. 

PANICUM CAPILLARE var. OCCI- 
DENTALE Rydb. Usually with short 
flowering branches at the base; blades 
shorter, less pubescent, crowded 
toward the base, panicles more ex- 
serted and divaricate; spikelets usu- 
dilveaoout o mm, lone (2:5 to 3.3 
mm.), attenuate at tip; fruit 1.7 to 
re mm. long, © (P. barbipul- 
vinatum Nash.)—Open ground and 
waste places, Prince Edward Island 
and Quebec to British Columbia, 
south to New Jersey, Missouri, Texas, 
and California, more common west- 
ward. 

134. Panicum hillmani Chase. (Fig. 
1043.) Resembling P. capillare, espe- 


689 


Viaurw 1043.—Panicum hillmani. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, * 10. (Type.) 


cially the var. occidentale, differing 
from this in having no short flowering 
branches at the base, in the stouter 
culms, firmer foliage, stiffer panicle 
branches with the lateral spikelets on 
shorter more appressed pedicels, in 
the well-developed sterile palea, and 
especially in the larger darker fruit 
(2 mm. long) with a prominent lunate 
scar at the base. © —Prairies and 
plains, Kansas to Texas; California. 


Viaurn 1044.—Panicum hirticaule. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, K 10. (Type.) 


135. Panicum hirticaule ‘Pres!l. 
(Fig. 1044.) Culms usually simple or 
nearly so, 15 to 70 cm. tall, papillose- 
hispid to nearly glabrous; blades 5 to 
15 cm. long, 4 to 138 mm. wide, often 
cordate at base, sparsely hispid or 
nearly glabrous, ciliate toward base; 
panicles 5 to 15 em. long, scarcely 
one-third the entire height of the 
plant; spikelets 2.7 to 3.3 mm. long, 
lanceolate-fusiform, acuminate, usu- 
ally reddish brown; first glume half 
to three-fourths the length of the 
Spikelet. iru 2) mmovlongs ©, 
Rocky or sandy soil, Arkansas and 
western Texas to Southern California; 
Mexico to western South America; 
Argentina. 


690 


Fiaure 1045.—Panicum pampinosum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


136. Panicum pampindsum Hitche. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1045.) Resembling 
P. hirticaule, but freely branching 
and with larger spikelet; spikelets 
very turgid, about 4 mm. long; first 
glume more than three-fourths the 
length of the spikelet; second glume 
and sterile lemma equal; fruit 2.2 
mm. long. © —Mesas, Texas to 
Arizona; Mexico. 

137. Panicum stramineum Hitchce. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1046.) Resembling 
P. hirticaule, but freely branching and 
nearly glabrous throughout; blades 
longer; spikelets more turgid, less 
pointed, 3.2 to 3.7 mm. long, the first 
glume about one-third the length of 
the spikelet; fruit 2.2 mm. long, with 
a prominent lunate scar at base. © 
—Rich bottom lands and damp soil, 
southern Arizona; northwestern Mex- 
ico. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1046.—Panicum stramineum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Panicum sonérum Beal. Robust, 60 
em. to 1 m. or more tall; sheaths 
mostly papillose-hispid; blades elon- 
gate, 15 to 30 mm. wide; panicles 
large, drooping, brownish, densely 
flowered; spikelets 3 to 3.38 mm. long, 
lanceolate; first glume half to two- 
thirds as long as the spikelet; second 
glume slightly exceeding the sterile 
lemma. © —Yuma, Ariz., pos- 
sibly introduced. Northern Mexico. 
Cultivated by Cocopa Indians, the 
seed used for food. 

138. Panicum miliaceum L. Broom- 
CORN MILLET. (Fig. 1047.) Culms 
stout, erect or decumbent at base, 20 
to 100 em. tall; blades more or less 
pilose on both surfaces or glabrate, as 
much as 30 em. long and 2 cm. wide, 
rounded at base; panicles usually 
more or less included at base, 10 to 
30 cm. long, usually nodding, rather 


FicurE 1047.—Panicum miliaceum. 
Two views of spikelet, and floret, 
X 10. (Griffith 6490, India.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


compact, the numerous branches as- 
cending, very scabrous, spikelet-bear- 
ing toward the ends; spikelets 4.5 to 
5 mm. long, ovate, acuminate, 
strongly many-nerved; fruit 3 mm. 
long, stramineous to reddish brown. 
©  —Waste places, introduced or 
escaped from cultivation, Northeast- 
ern States and occasional in other 
parts of the United States; temperate 
parts of the Old World. Broomcorn 
millet is cultivated in the cooler parts 
of the United States to a limited ex- 
tent for forage and occasionally the 
seed is used for feed for hogs, hence 
it. is sometimes known as hog millet. 
Also called proso. Commonly culti- 
vated in Europe and western Asia. 


6. Difffisa—Perennials; culms stiff, 
mostly tufted; sheaths mostly 
hirsute; ligules membranaceous, 
ciliate; spikelets pointed, 7- to 9- 
nerved, glabrous; fruit smooth 
and shining. 


Figure 1048.—Panicum capillarioides. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


139. Panicum capillarioides Vasey. 
(Fig. 1048.) Culms erect or ascending 
from a knotted crown, 30 to 55 cm. 
tall, appressed-pubescent or glabrate, 
the nodes densely ascending-pubes- 
cent; blades rather stiff, 10 to 30 cm. 
long, 2 to 10 mm. wide, flat, harshly 
papillose-pubescent; panicle diffuse, 


691 


few-flowered, 10 to 20 cm. long, the 
capillary branches stiffly spreading at 
maturity; spikelets 5 to 6 cm. long, 
lanceolate, long-acuminate, fruit 1.6 
to 1.8mm. long. 2 —Prairies and 
plains, southern Texas and northern 
Mexico. This species is readily dis- 
tinguished from all others by the 
peculiar elongated second glume and 
sterile lemma. 

Panicum bérgi Arech. Tufted, with 
numerous leaves clustered at base; 
sheaths hispid; blades involute; pan- 
icle very diffuse, a third or more the 
entire height of the plant, the lower 
branches verticillate, conspicuously 
pilose in the axils; spikelets short- 
pointed, 2.2 to 2.6 mm. long. 2 
—Weed in grass plots, Experiment 
Station, Tifton, Ga. Adventive from 
South America. 


PAaNICUM PILCOMAYENSE Hack. Culms 
robust, few together, 70 to 100 cm. tall, at 
least the lower nodes with a ring of ere t 
hairs; blades flat, elongate, 4 to 8 mm. 
wide; panicle very diffuse, nearly half the 
height of the plant, the branches to 30 cm. 
long, in fascicles of 2 to 4 or solitary, 
scabrous, naked below, loosely branched 
toward the ends, at least the lower axils 
pilose; spikelets about 3 mm. long, on ap- 
pressed pedicels. 2 —Collegeport, Mat- 
agorda County, Tex. Probably introduced 
from Paraguay. 


Ficure 1049.—Panicum filipes. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


140. Panicum filipes Scribn. (Fig. 
1049.) Culms 30 to 80 cm. tall, erect 
or ascending; blades laxly ascending 
or spreading, 10 to 25 cm. long, 3 to 
8 mm. wide, flat, glaucous, glabrous 
or sometimes sparsely hirsute be- 
neath; panicles 7 to 25 cm. long, usu- 


Figure 1050.—Panicum hallii. Plant, X 1; two views 
of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


ally equaled or exceeded by the upper 
blades, the distant branches spread- 
ing; spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. long. 2 
—Low open ground or among chapar- 
ral, Louisiana (Shreveport) and 
Texas; northeastern Mexico. Dis- 
tinguished from P. halliz by the 
longer blades, looser panicle, and 
smaller spikelets. 

141. Panicum hallii Vasey. HAuu’s 
PANICUM. (Fig. 1050.) Somewhat 
glaucous green, leaves usually 
crowded toward the base, the blades 
curling like shavings with age; culms 
erect, 15 to 60 cm. tall; sheaths 
sparsely papillose-hispid to glabrous; 
blades erect or nearly so, flat, 4 to 15 
cm. long, 2 to 6 mm. wide, sparsely 
cihate toward base, otherwise gla- 
brous or nearly so;. panicle 6 to 20 
cm. long, the few branches stiffly as- 
cending; spikelets 3 to 3.7 mm. long. 
2| —Dry prairie, rocky and gravelly 
hills and canyons, and in bottom 
lands and irrigated fields, Oklahoma 
and Colorado to Texas and Arizona; 
Mexico. 

142. Panicum lepidulum Hitche. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1051.) Culms 25 to 
70 cm. tall, erect, usually sparingly 
branching from lower nodes, sparsely 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


pilose to scabrous; blades suberect, 7 
to 30 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide, 
sparsely papillose-pilose to nearly 
glabrous; panicle 7 to 20 cm. long, 
usually scarcely half as wide, branches 
ascending with short spreading 
branchlets with 1 to 3. spikelets; 
spikelets 4 to 4.2 mm. long, turgid. 
2 —Moist places mostly in the up- 
lands, Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, 
and Mexico. 


Figure 1051.—Panicum lepidulum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


143. Panicum ghiesbréghtii Fourn. 
(Fig. 1052.) Culms erect, rather ro- 
bust, ascending-hirsute, 60 to 80 cm. 
tall, the nodes densely hirsute; blades 
as much as 60 em. long and 12 mm. 
wide, flat, papillose-hirsute to gla- 
brescent; panicles 20 to 30 cm. long, 
usually less than half as wide, the 
branches ascending, naked at base, 
the branchlets more or less appressed ; 
spikelets 3 mm. long, 1 mm. wide. 
2% —Low moist ground, southern 
Texas; tropical America. 


Figure 1052.—Panicum ghiesbreghtii. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


693 


Ficure 1054.—Panicum trichoides. Panicle, X 1. (Runyon 1873, Tex.); two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. 
ae 


FieurE 1053.—Panicum hirsutum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


144. Panicum hirsitum Swartz. 
(Fig. 1053.) Culms robust, erect, as 
much as 1.5 m. tall and 1 ecm. thick, 
simple or branched at base only; 
nodes appressed-pubescent; sheaths 
papillose-hirsute, the hairs - stiff, 
spreading, fragile, causing mechanical 


ype. 


irritation to the skin when handled; 
blades flat, as much as 60 cm. long 
and 3.5 cm. wide, glabrous; panicle 20 
to 35 cm. long, at first condensed, 
finally open, the branches ascending; 
spikelets 2 to 2.2mm. long. 2 — 
Open moist ground, southern Texas; 
tropical America at low altitudes. 


7. Trichoidea.—Decumbent, spread- 
ing, freely branching annual; 
blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate; 
panicles diffuse, with capillary 
branches; spikelets minute. 

145. Panicum trichoides Swartz. 

(Fig. 1054.) Culms slender, widely 

creeping; freely branching; sheaths 

mostly longer than the internodes, 


694 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


maximum. Plant, X 14; two views of s 


pikelet, and floret, X 10. (Combs and Baker 


1170, Fla.) 


Fiaeure 1055.—Panicum 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


pilose; blades 4 to 7 cm. long, 8 to 
15 mm. wide, thin, ovate-lanceolate, 
asymmetrical, ciliate at the base; 
panicles 8 to 15 cm. long, the slen- 
der ascending to spreading branches 
with capillary, spreading, few-flow- 
ered branchlets; spikelets about 1.3 
mm. long, acute, sparsely pubes- 
cent. © —Waste places, woods 
and open ground, Texas (Browns- 
ville); Mexico and the West Indies 
to Peru and Brazil; southeastern 
Asia and the Philippines. 


8. Maxima.—Tall robust perennials; 
ligules membranaceous, ciliate; 
blades linear, flat; panicles large, 
many-flowered; spikelets ellip- 
soid, faintly nerved, glabrous; 
fruit transversely rugose. 

146. Panicum maximum Jacq. 
GuINEA Grass. (Fig. 1055.) Plants 
light green, in large bunches from 
short stout rhizomes; culms mostly 
erect, the nodes usually densely 
hirsute; sheaths papillose-hirsute to 
glabrous, usually densely pubescent 
on the collar; ligule 4 to 6 mm. long; 
blades 30 to 75 cm. long, as much as 
3.0 cm. wide, glabrous, very scabrous 
on the margins, sometimes hirsute on 
the upper surface near the base; 
panicles 20 to 50 cm. long, about 
one-third as wide, the long rather 
stiff branches ascending, naked at 
base, the lower in whorls, the axils 
pilose, the branchlets short,appressed, 
bearing more or less clustered short- 
pediceled spikelets; spikelets 3 to 3.3 
mm. long; first glume about one- 
third the length of the spikelet. 2 
—Fields and waste places, southern 
Florida, and southern Texas, intro- 
duced from Africa; tropical regions 
of both hemispheres at low altitudes. 
Guinea grass is the most important 
cultivated forage grass of tropical 
America. It grows in moderately dry 
ground and can be used for pasture 
or for soiling. Much of the green 
feed cut for forage is this species. 

147. Panicum plénum Hitche. and 
Chase. (Fig. 1056.) Plants mostly in 
large clumps, mostly glaucous from 


695 


FigurRE 1056.—Panicum plenum. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


a stout rhizome; culms 1 to 2 m. 
tall, erect from a usually decumbent 
base, compressed; sheaths glabrous, 
somewhat keeled; blades 20 to 35 
cm. long, 7 to 17 mm. wide, glabrous 
or nearly so; panicle 20 to 50 ecm. 
long, open; spikelets 3 to 3.4 mm. 
long. 2 —Moist places in rocky 
hills and canyons, Texas to Arizona; 
Mexico. Differs from P. bulbosum in 
the absence of the basal corm. 


Figure 1057.—Panicum bulbosum. Base of culm, X 
1g; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Lemmon 
2914, Ariz.) 


148. Panicum bulbésum H. B. K. 
BuLB pANicum. (Fig. 1057.) Culms 
in tufts, 1 to 2 m. tall, erect, the 
lowest internode thickened to a hard 
cormlike base 1 to 2 cm. thick, bud- 
ding at base, sometimes with one or 
more corms of previous years at- 
tached; sheaths glabrous or pilose 
toward the summit; blades 25 to 60 
em. long, 3 to 12 mm. wide, sca- 
brous above, glabrous beneath; pan- 
icle 20 to 50 cm. long, open; spikelets 


696 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


; 
f 
, 
f 
‘ 
7 


Figure 1058.—Panicum repens. Plant, X 14; two views of spikelet, and floret, 


X 10. (Hitchcock 14145, Hawaii.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


3.5 to 4.2 mm. long. 2 —Moist 
places in canyons and valleys, western 
Texas to Arizona; Mexico. 
PANICUM BULBOSUM var. MINUS 
Vasey. Culms slender, mostly less 
than 1 m. tall, the corms smaller 
than in the species; blades mostly 
2 to 4 mm. wide; spikelets 2.8 to 3.2 
mrmyrlone. - (P. bulbosum var. 
sciaphilum Hitche. and Chase.)— 
Same range as the species and more 
common in the United States. 


9. Virgata—Perennials from stout 
rhizomes; culms mostly stout; 
ligules membranaceous, ciliate; 
blades linear, mostly firm; spike- 
lets turgid, usually gaping, strong- 


ly 5- to 9-nerved, glabrous, 
pointed; lower floret usually 
staminate; fruit smooth and 
shining. 


149. Panicum répens L. (Fig. 
1058.) Culms rigid, 30 to 80 cm. 
tall, erect from the nodes of strong 
horizontal often extensively creeping 
rhizomes, clothed at base with blade- 
less sheaths; sheaths more or less 
pilose; blades flat or folded, 2 to 5 
mm. wide, sparsely pilose to gla- 
brous; panicle open, 7 to 12 cm. long, 
the somewhat distant branches stiffly 
ascending; spikelets 2.2 to 2.56 mm. 
long, ovate; first glume about one- 
fifth as long as the spikelet, loose, 
truncate. 2 —Sea beaches along 
the Gulf coast, Florida to Texas. 
Tropical and subtropical coasts of 
both hemispheres, possibly introduced 
in America. 

150. Panicum gouini Fourn. (Fig. 
1059.) Resembling P. repens, but the 
culms usually less than 30 cm. tall; 
sheaths and blades usually glabrous; 
panicle smaller, more densely flow- 
ered; first glume longer. 2 —Sea 
beaches, Alabama to Louisiana; Gulf 
coast of Mexico. 

151. Panicum virgatum L. Switcu- 
Grass. (Fig. 1060.) Plants usually in 
large bunches, green or glaucous, with 
numerous scaly creeping rhizomes; 
culms erect, tough and hard, 1 to 2 
m., rarely to 3 m., tall; sheaths gla- 


697 


Fieure 1059.—Panicum gouint. Two views of spike- 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


brous; blades 10 to 60 cm. long, 3 
to 15 mm. wide, flat, glabrous, or 
sometimes pilose above near the 
base, rarely pilose all over; panicle 
15 to 50 cm. long, open, sometimes 
diffuse; spikelets 3.5 to 5 mm. long, 
acuminate; first glume clasping, two- 
thirds to three-fourths as long as the 
spikelet, acuminate or cuspidate; 
fruit narrowly ovate, the margins of 
the lemma inrolled only at base. 2 
—Prairies and open ground, open 
woods, and brackish marshes, Nova 
Scotia and Ontario, Maine to North 
Dakota and Wyoming, south to 
Florida, Nevada, and Arizona; Mex- 
ico and Central America. 

PANICUM VIRGATUM var. CUBENSE 
Griseb. Culms more slender, usually 
solitary or few in a tuft; panicle 
narrower, with ascending branches; 
spikelets 2.8 to 3.2 mm. long, the 
second glume and sterile lemma not 
extending much beyond the fruit. 2 
—Pine woods, Coastal Plain, Massa- 
chusetts to Florida, Michigan, Wis- 
consin, Tennessee (Coffee County), 
and Mississippi; Michigan; Cuba. 

PANICUM VIRGATUM var. SPISSUM 
Linder. Culms from short stout 
knotty rhizomes. 2 —Nova Sco- 
tia to Pennsylvania. 

152. Panicum havardii Vasey. (I'ig. 
1061.) Pale green, glaucous, glabrous 
throughout; culms robust, solitary, 
1 m. tall or more, erect from creeping 
rhizomes; blades 5 to 10 mm. wide, 
tapering into long involute-setaceous 
tips; panicle as much as 40 cm. long; 
spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long 2 — 
Arroyos and sand hills, western 
Texas and southern New Mexico; 
northern Mexico. 


Rte go 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


698 


ee 


= ee 
pW => [5 


Ficure 1060.—Panicum virgatum. Plant, X 4%; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (V. H. Chase, III.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


699 


PicuReE 1061.—Panicum havardii. Two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


153. Panicum amarum Ell. (Fig. 
1062.) Glaucous and glabrous through- 
out; culms solitary from extensively 
creeping rhizomes, 30 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades thick, 10 to 30 cm. long, 5 
to 12 mm. wide, flat, involute toward 
the tip, the margins smooth; panicle 
one-fourth to one-third the height of 
the plant, not more than 3 cm. wide, 


. Ficure 1062.—Panicum ama- 
rum. Two views of spikelet, 
and floret, X 10. (Vasey, Va.) 


the branches appressed; spikelets 5 
to 6.5 mm. long, acuminate. 2 — 
Sandy seashores and coast dunes, 
Connecticut to Georgia; southern 
Mississippi; Texas. 

154. Panicum amarulum Hitche. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1063.) Culms as 
much as | cm. thick, in large bunches 
as much as 1 m. across, 1 to 2 m. 


700 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


knotted crown, erect, 40 to 90 
tall; lower sheaths pubescent to 
the summit, with spreading 
blades 4 to 15 cm. long, 2 to 
wide, erect, firm, subinvolute 
on upper surface toward bas 
icles 3 to 8 cm. 


ward 
hairs; 
mm. 
? pilose 
lenden 
ong, very slender, 
Ag ee ella spikelets 2.2 
: * “ng, pointed, glabrous, 
the pedicel usually with a few long 
hairs. 2 —Margins of swamps 
and wet places in pine barrens near 
the coast, North Carolina to Florida 
and Texas; West Indies. 


11. Agrostoidea.—Tufted perennials; 
culms erect, compressed; sheaths 
keeled; ligules membranaceous, 
mostly about 1 mm. long; spike- 
lets short-pediceled, lanceolate, 
Eee o- to 7-nerved, gla- 

. Rin ; rous; glumes and sterile lemma 
ee Conc mostly keeled; fruit smooth and 
shining, with a minute tuft of 

thickish hairs at apex. 

tall, glaucous; rhizomes vertical or 156. Panicum absecissum Swallen 

ascending; blades 20 to 50 cm. long, (Fig. 1065.) Culms 50 to 70 cm. tall, 


2 to 12 mm. wide, more or less m=" qancely tufted ie 
volute, pilose on the upper surface y tulted, compressed; lower 


near the base; panicle large, rather 
compact, 5 to 10 cm. wide, slightly 
nodding, densely flowered; spikelets 
4.3 to 5.5 mm. long, acuminate. 2 
—Sandy shores and coast dunes, New 
Jersey to Virginia; Florida; Louis- 
iana and Texas; introduced in West 
Virginia; Yucatan; Bahamas; Cuba. 


10. Ténera.—Perennials; culms sub- 
compressed, wiry; ligules minute; 
spikelets short-pediceled; fruit 
smooth and shining. 

155. Panicum ténerum Beyr. (Fig. 

1064.) Culms in small tufts from a 


Figure 1065.—Panicum abscissum. Spikelet and sum- 
mit of sheath, X 10. (Type.) 


sheaths broad, strongly keeled, 
crowded, 3 to 4 mm. wide from keel 
to margin, truncate or extended at 
the summit into short, broad, obtuse 
auricles; blades 15 to 25 cm. long, 1 

to 2 mm. wide, folded, glabrous or 
ee ee aitierd asec co! (Type) ws of spike- scabrous ; panicles terminal and axil- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


lary, 7 to 15 cm. long, the branches 
ascending or appressed; spikelets 2.8 
to 3 mm. long, obliquely set on the 
pedicels. 2 —Sandy or swampy 
woods, central Florida. 

157. Panicum agrostoides Spreng. 
(Fig. 1066.) In dense clumps from a 
short crown, with numerous short- 
leaved innovations at base; culms 50 
to 100 cm. tall; blades erect, folded 
at base, flat above, 20 to 50 cm. long, 
5 to 12 mm. wide; panicles terminal 
and axillary, 10 to 30 cm. long, half 
to two-thirds as wide, sometimes 
more diffuse, the densely flowered 
branchlets mostly on the under side 
of the branches, the pedicels usually 
bearing at the summit one to several 
delicate hairs; spikelets about 2 mm. 
long. 2 —Wet meadows and 


Figure 1066.—Panicum agrostoides. Panicle, X 1; 
Recrere of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Fisher 30, 


shores, Maine to Kansas, south to 
Florida and Texas; Vancouver Island; 
California; British Honduras. 
PANICUM AGROSTOIDES var. RA- 
-MOstus (Mohr) Fernald. Panicles 
more open and loosely flowered than 
In the species; spikelets more or less 
secund on the branchlets, slender and 


Figure 1067.—Panicum condensum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


more pointed, resembling P. stcpita- 
tum Nash. 2 -—Virginia to Florida 
and Texas. 

158. Panicum condénsum Nash. 
(Fig. 1067.) Resembling P. agros- 
tovdes; culms on the average taller; 
blades often sparsely pilose on the 
upper side at the folded base; pan- 
icles 10 to 25 cm. long, rarely more 
than 5 cm. wide, the long branches 
erect, naked at base, with appressed 
branchlets bearing crowded spikelets, 
the pedicels not pilose; spikelets 2.2 
to 2.5 mm. long. 2 —Borders of 
streams and ponds and in wet places, 
Coastal Plain, Pennsylvania to Flor- 
He Arkansas, and Texas; West In- 

ies. 


Fiaure 1068.—Panicum stipitatum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Commons 305, Del.) 


159. Panicum stipitatum Nash. 
(Fig. 1068.) Resembling P. agros- 
toides; often purple-tinged through- 
out, especially the panicles; sheaths 
much overlapping, the blades usually 
equaling or exceeding the terminal 
panicle; panicles usually several to a 
culm, 10 to 20 cm. long, narrow, 
densely flowered, the numerous stiff 
branches ascending, with numerous 
divaricate branchlets, mostly on the 
lower side; spikelets 2.5 to 2.8 mm. 
long, often curved at the tip. 2 — 


Friaure 1069.—Panicum longifolium. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Fiaure 1070.—Panicum combsii. Two views of spike - 
let, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Ficure 1071.—Panicum anceps. Spikelet and floret, 
X 10. (Type.) 


Fieure 1072.—Panicum rhizomatum. Spikelet and 
floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Moist soil, Connecticut to Missouri, 
south to Georgia and Texas. 

160. Panicum longifélium Torr. 
(Fig. 1069.) Culms rather slender, 35 
to 80 cm. tall, in dense tufts, usually 
surrounded by basal leaves nearly 
half as long; sheaths usually villous 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


near the summit; ligule fimbriate- 
ciliate, 2 to 3 mm. long; blades elon- 
gate, 2 to 5 mm. wide, pilose on the 
upper surface near the base; lateral 
panicles few or none, the terminal 10 
to 25 cm. long, the branches slender, 
ascending; spikelets 2.4 to 2.7 mm. 
long. 2 —Moist sandy ground, 
Massachusetts to Florida and Texas 
to Indiana and Tennessee. 

161. Panicum combsii Scribn. and 
Ball. (Fig. 1070.) Resembling P. 
longifolium; sheaths glabrous or 
nearly so; ligule less than 1 mm. long; 
blades on the average shorter; spike- 
lets 3 to 3.5 mm. long, acuminate. 
2: —Margins of ponds and wet 
woods, southeastern Virginia; Georgia 
and Florida to Louisiana. 

162. Panicum anceps Michx. (Fig. 
1071.) Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, with 
numerous scaly rhizomes; sheaths 
glabrous or pilose; blades elongate, 4 
to 12 mm. wide, pilose above near the 
base; panicles 15 to 40 cm. long, the 
slender, remote branches somewhat 
spreading, bearing. short mostly ap- 
pressed branchlets with rather 
crowded somewhat curved subsecund 
spikelets, set obliquely on their pedi- 
cels; spikelets 3.4 to 3.8 mm. long. 
21 —Moist sandy soil, New Jersey 
to Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas. 

163. Panicum rhizomatum Hitchce. 
and Chase. (Fig. 1072.) Resembling 
P. anceps; culms less robust, the rhi- 
zomes more slender and numerous; 
sheaths densely to sparsely villous, 
especially at the summit; blades usu- 
ally pubescent on both surfaces; pan- 
icles more or less contracted; spike- 
lets 2.4 to 28 mm. long A — 
Moist sandy woods and savannas, 
Coastal Plain, Maryland to Florida 
and Texas; Tennessee. 


12. Laxa.—Slender perennials; culms 
compressed; ligules minute; 
spikelets short-pediceled,  5- 
nerved, glabrous, the palea of the 
sterile floret becoming enlarged 
and indurate, expanding the 
spikelet at maturity; fruit min- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


utely papillose-roughened, rela- 
tively thin in texture. 

164. Panicum hians Ell. (Fig. 

1073.) Culms 20 to 60 cm. tall, mostly 


erect, sometimes more or less decum-_ 


bent or prostrate with erect branches; 
blades 5 to 15 cm. long, 1 to 5 mm. 
wide, flat or folded, pilose on the up- 
per surface near base; panicles 5 to 
20 cm. long, usually loose and open, 
the primary branches few, slender, 
distant, spreading or drooping, the 
branchlets borne on the upper half or 
towards the ends only; spikelets in 
more or less secund clusters, 2.2 to 2.4 
mm. long, at maturity about twice as 
thick as wide. 2 —Damp soil 
along ponds and streams, Virginia to 
Florida and New Mexico; Tennessee; 
Oklahoma and southern Missouri; 
Mexico. 


13. Verrucésa.—Glabrous branching 
annuals; culms slender, weak, de- 
cumbent at base, usually with 
stilt-roots; ligules minute; pan- 
icles with divaricate capillary 
branches, spikelet-bearing  to- 
ward the ends, the spikelets 
mostly in twos; spikelets tuber- 
culate, nerves obscure or obso- 
lete; first glume minute;. fruit 
minutely papillose, margin of the 
lemma inrolled only at base. 

165. Panicum verrucésum Muhl. 
(Fig. 1074.) Bright green, at first 
erect, later widely spreading; culms 
20 to 150 cm. long; blades thin, flat, 
lax, 5 to 20 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. 
wide; panicles 5 to 30 cm. long, about 
as wide, diffuse, small panicles often 
produced at the lower nodes; spike- 
lets 1.8 to 2.1 mm. long, elliptic- 
obovate, subacute, roughened with 
small warts. © —Wet, mostly 
shady soil, Massachusetts to Florida, 
west to Michigan, Kentucky, Arkan- 
sas and Texas. 

166. Panicum brachyanthum 
Steud. (Fig. 1075.) Culms 30 to 100 
cm. tall; blades 5 to 15 cm. long, 2 
to 3 mm. wide; panicles 5 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches few; spikelets 3.2 
to 3.6 mm. long, fusiform, acute, tu- 


Ficure 1073.—Panicum hians. Spikelet and floret, 
X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 1074.—Panicum verrucosum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


Figure 1075.—Panicum brachyanthum. Two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


berculate-hispid. © —Sandy soil, 
Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Ok- 
lahoma. 


14. Urvilleana.—Robust perennials; 
spikelets large, densely villous; 
fertile lemma long-villous on the 
margin. 

167. Panicum urvilleanum Kunth. 
(Fig. 1076.) Culms solitary or few in 
a tuft, 50 to 100 cm. tall, erect from 
a creeping rhizome; nodes densely 
bearded; sheaths overlapping, densely 
retrorse-villous; blades elongate, 4 to 
7 mam. wide, tapering from a flat base 


704 


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MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FIGURE 1076.—Panicum urvilleanum. Two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


to a long involute setaceous point, 
strigose or glabrous; panicle 25 to 30 
cm. long, the slender branches ascend- 
ing; spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long, densely 
silvery- or tawny-villous; first glume 
clasping, from two-thirds to nearly as 
long as the spikelet. 2 —Sandy 
deserts, Arizona and southern Cali- 
fornia; Argentina, Chile. 


15. Obttisa.—Stoloniferous wiry per- 
ennial; ligules about 1 mm. long; 
panicles narrow, the few ap- 
pressed branches densely flow- 
ered; spikelets short-pediceled, 
secund, glabrous; fruit smooth 
and shining. 

168. Panicum obtisum H. B. K. 
VINE-MESQUITE. (Fig. 1077.) Tufted 
from a knotted crown, the stolons 
sometimes 2 m. long or more, with 
long internodes and geniculate, swol- 
len, conspicuously villous nodes; 
culms compressed, 20 to 80 cm. tall; 
blades mostly elongate, 2 to 7 mm. 
wide, glabrous or nearly so; panicles 
3 to 12 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; 
spikelets 3 to 3.8 mm. long, obovoid, 
brownish, obtuse; first glume nearly 
as long as the spikelet. 2 —Sandy 
or gravelly soil, mostly along banks 


of rivers, arroyos, and irrigation 
ditches, western Missouri to Colo- 
rado, south to Arkansas, Texas, 
Utah, and Arizona; Mexico. 


16. Hemitoma.—Aquatic or subaqua- 
tic perennial; panicles elongate, 
very narrow; spikelets subsessile, 
3- to 5-nerved, glabrous. 

169. Panicum hemitomon Schult. 
MAIpDENCANE. (Fig. 1078.) With ex- 
tensively creeping rhizomes, often 
producing numerous sterile shoots 
with overlapping, sometimes densely 
hirsute, sheaths; culms 50 to 150 cm. 
tall, usually hard; sheaths of fertile 
culms usually glabrous; blades 10 to 
25 cm. long, 7 to 15 mm. wide, usu- 
ally scabrous on the upper surface 
and smooth beneath; panicle 15 to 30 
cm. long, the branches erect, the 
lower distant, the upper approximate, 
2 to 10 cm. long; spikelets 2.4 to 2.7 
mm. long, lanceolate, acute; first 
glume about half the length of the 
spikelet; fruit less rigid than usual in 
the genus, the apex of the palea 
scarcely enclosed. 2 —Moist soil 
along river banks and ditches, borders 
of lakes and ponds, often in the water, 
sometimes a weed in moist cultivated 


705 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Ficure 1077.—Panicum obtusum. Plant, < 4%; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Hitchcock 13412, Tex.) 


COR eee 


Z 


Figure 1078.—Panicum hemitomon. Panicle, X 1; 


spikelet and floret, X 10. (Tracy 6731, Fla.) 


fields, Coastal Plain, New Jersey to 
Florida and Texas; Tennessee; Brazil. 


17. Gymnocarpa.—Succulent gla- 
brous perennial; panicles of sev- 
eral to many long stiffly ascend- 
ing racemes along a main axis; 
spikelets strongly 3- to 5-nerved, 
glabrous. 

170. Panicum gymnocarpon Ell. 
(Fig. 1079.) Creeping, the base as 
much as 2 m. long, rooting at the 
nodes; culms 60 to 100 cm. tall; 
blades elongate, 15 to 25 mm. wide, 
flat, scarcely narrowed at the cordate, 
sparingly ciliate base, the margin very 
scabrous; panicle 20 to 40 cm. long; 
spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long; first glume 
nearly as long as the sterile lemma, 
the second glume exceeding the ster- 
ile lemma, all acuminate-pointed, 
much exceeding the obovate, stipitate 
fruit, this 2 mm. long, smooth and 
shining. 2 —Ditches and muddy 
banks of streams and lakes, South 
Carolina to Florida, Arkansas, and 
Texas. 

PANICUM ANTIDOTALE Retz. Robust gla- 
brous, branching, leafy perennial, to 3 m. 
tall, with strong rhizomes; blades elongate, 
flat, 5 to 12 mm. wide; panicle 20 to 30 cm. 


long, the many-flowered branches ascend- 
ing; spikelets 2.56 to 3 mm. long, strongly 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


nerved, pointed, the first glume one-third to 
scarcely half as long as the spikelet. qa — 
Cultivated in experiment stations in Mis- 
souri, Texas, Oklahoma, Arizona (spreading 
in Cochise County), and California. India 


138. LASIACIS (Griseb.) Hitch 


Spikelets subglobose, placed ob- 
liquely on their pedicels; first glume 
broad, somewhat inflated-ventricose, 
usually not more than one-third the 
length of the spikelet, several-nerved; 
second glume and sterile lemma about 
equal, broad, abruptly apiculate, 
papery-chartaceous, shining, many- 
nerved, glabrous, or lanose at the 
apex only, the lemma enclosing a 
membranaceous palea and sometimes 
a staminate flower; fertile lemma 
white, bony-indurate, obovoid, ob- 
tuse, this and the palea of the same 
texture, bearing at the apex in a 
slight depression a tuft of woolly 
hairs, the palea concave below, gib. 
bous above, the apex often free at 
maturity. Large branching peren- 


Figure 1079.—Panicum gymnocarpon. Panicle, X 13 
spikelet and floret, X 10. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITE 


STATES 107 


Fieure 1080.—Lasiacis divaricata. Plant, X 14; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 5530, Fla.) 


nials, with woody culms often clam- 
bering several meters high into shrubs 
or trees, the blades firm, flat, usually 
lanceolate and narrowed into a petiole, 
the spikelets in an open panicle. Type 
species, Laszacis divaricata. Name 
from Greek lasios, woolly, and akis, 
point, alluding to the tuft of wool 
at the tip of the fruit. 

1. Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitche. 
TipiskE. (Fig. 1080.) Glabrous 


throughout except the margins of 
the sheaths; culms much-branched, 
clambering over shrubs to the height 
of 3 or 4 m., the main culm (cane): 
strong, as much as 6 mm. in diameter, 
the main branches often fascicled, 
the vigorous secondary sterile shoots 
usually strongly divaricate or zigzag; 
blades narrowly lanceolate, 5 to 20 
cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, or larger 
on vigorous sterile shoots; panicles 


708 


terminating the main culm and 
branches, 5 to 20 cm. long, loosely 
few-flowered, the branches distant, 
spreading or reflexed; spikelets ovoid, 
about 4 mm. long, black at maturity. 
2, —Copses and edges of woods, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


southern Florida; tropical America, 
at low altitudes, especially near the 
seacoast. 


139. SACCIOLEPIS Nash 


Spikelets oblong-conic; first glume 
much shorter than the _ spikelet; 
second glume broad, inflated-saccate, 
strongly many-nerved; sterile lemma 
narrower, flat, fewer nerved, its palea 
nearly as long, often subtending a 
staminate flower; fertile lemma stipi- 
tate, elliptic, chartaceous-indurate, 
the margins inrolled, the palea not 
enclosed at the summit. Annuals or 
perennials, of wet soil, usually branch- 
ing, the inflorescence a dense, usually 
elongate, spikelike panicle. Type 
species, Panicum gibbum Ell. (Saccio- 
lepis striata.) Name from Greek 
sakkion, a small bag, and lepzs, scale, 
alluding to the saccate second glume. 

1. Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash. 
(Fig. 1081.) Perennial, glabrous, often 
decumbent and rooting at base; 
culms as much as 1 to 2 m. tall; 
sheaths glabrous to more or less 


Figure 1081.—Sacciolevis striata. Plant, X 4; two 
wens of spikelet, aud floret, X 10. (Chase 4240, 
a. 


709 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


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Fiegure 1082.—Oplismenus setarius. Plant, X 144; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Curtiss 5553, Fla.) 


710 


Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase. An- 
nual; culms slender, spreading, 20 to 
60 cm. tall; blades 2 to 4 mm. wide; 
panicle spikelike, 1 to 4 cm. long; 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


spikelets about 2.5 mm. long, gla- 
brous or pilose near the summit. 2 
—Introduced in a Government pecan 
orchard, Thomasville, Ga.; India. 


140. OPLISMENUS Beauv. 


Spikelets terete or somewhat laterally compressed, subsessile, solitary or in 
pairs, in 2 rows crowded or approximate on one side of a narrow scabrous 
or hairy rachis; glumes about equal, entire, or emarginate, awned from the 
apex or from between the lobes; sterile lemma exceeding the glumes and fruit, 
notched or entire, mucronate or short-awned, enclosing a hyaline palea; 
fertile lemma elliptic, acute, convex or boat-shaped, the firm margins clasping 
the palea, not inrolled. Freely branching, creeping, shade-loving annuals or 
perennials, with erect flowering shoots, flat, thin, lanceolate or ovate blades, 
and several one-sided, thickish, short racemes rather distant on a slender axis. 
Type species, Oplismenus africanus Beauv. Name from Greek hoplismenos, 


armed, alluding to the awned spikelets. 


Rachis of racemes mostly 2 to 3 mm. long, bearing usually not more than 5 spikelets; 


blades 1 to 3 cm. long. 


1. O. SETARIUS. 


Rachis of lower racemes 10 to 30 mm. long, bearing more than 8 spikelets; blades mostly 


5 cm. or more long. 


1. Oplismenus setarius (Lam.) 
Roem. and Schult. (Fig. 1082.) Peren- 
nial; culms slender, lax, ascending or 
prostrate, 10 to 20 cm. long, some- 
times as much as 30 cm.; blades 
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, thin, 1 to 
3 cm. long, 4 to 10 mm. wide; panicle 
long-exserted, usually not more than 
5 em. long; racemes usually 3 to 5, 
subglobose, distant or the upper 
approximate, the lower internodes 
sometimes as much as 2 cm. long, the 
rachis 2 to 8 mm. long, sometimes to 
6 mm.; spikelets about 5 (4 to 8) on 
each rachis; awn of first glume 4 to 
8 mm. long. 2 -—Shaded places 
along the coast, North Carolina to 
Florida, Arkansas, and Texas; tropical 
America at low altitudes. 

2. Oplismenus hirtéllus (L.) Beauv. 
(Fig. 1083.) Perennial; culms widely 
creeping and branching, the fertile 
culms erect from an ascending base, 
commonly 20 to 30 cm. tall; sheaths 
elabrous to papillose-hispid; blades 
5 to 10 cm. long, 1 to 2 cm. wide; 
panicle 5 to 10 cm. long; racemes 3 
to 7, rather distant, the rachis 1 to 
3 cm. long, the spikelets green with 
erect purple awns, the awn of the 


2. O. HIRTELLUS. 


Figure 1083.—Oplismenus hirtellus, X 4%. (Amer. 
Gr. Natl. Herb. 602, Trinidad.) 

first glume 5tol10mm.long.§ 2 — 
Shady places, Texas (Cameron 
County); Mexico, and the West 
Indies to Argentina. Sometimes culti- 
vated by florists as a basket plant 
and for edging, under the name 
Panicum variegatum. It has been in- 
correctly referred to Oplismenus bur- 
manni (Retz.) Beauv. The common 
form in cultivation is variegated, the 
blades striped with white. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 711 


141. ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. 


Spikelets planoconvex, often stiffly hispid, subsessile, solitary or in irregular 
clusters on one side of the panicle branches; first glume about half the length 
of the spikelet, pointed; second glume and sterile lemma equal, pointed, 
mucronate, or the glume short-awned and the lemma long-awned, sometimes 
conspicuously so, enclosing a membranaceous palea and sometimes a staminate 
flower; fertile lemma planoconvex, smooth and shining, acuminate-pointed, 
the margins inrolled below, flat above, the apex of the palea not enclosed. 
Coarse, often succulent, annuals or perennials, with compressed sheaths, linear 
flat blades, and rather compact panicles composed of short, densely flowered 
racemes along a main axis. Type species, Echinochloa crusgalli. Name from 
Greek echinos, hedgehog, and chloa, grass, alluding to the echinate spikelets. 

All the species are grazed by stock but usually grow in sparse stands or in 
situations where they cannot well be utilized. E. crusgalli is occasionally cut 
for hay. Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea, Japanese millet, has been 
advertised by seedsmen in this country as billion-dollar grass and recommended 
for forage. It has some forage value, but requires considerable moisture to 
produce abundantly, and is rather too succulent for hay. This and forms of 
E: colonum are cultivated in tropical Asia and tropical Africa for the seeds 
which are used for food. 


Ligule a dense line of stiff yellowish hairs; plants perennial...............1. HE. POLYSTACHYA. 


Ligule wanting; plants annual. 
Racemes simple, rather distant, 1 to 2 cm. long; spikelets crowded in about 4 rows, the 
awn of the sterile lemma reduced to a short point; blades 3 to 6 mm. wide. 
2. E. COLONUM. 
Racemeg more or less branched, usually more than 2 em. long; spikelets irregularly 
crowded and fascicled, usually not arranged in rows, the awn of the sterile lemma 
variable; blades usually more than 5 mm. wide. 
Svehileshonetwspamnnate sce. Mc ak te a 5. HE. PALUDIGENA. 
Sterile floret neuter. 
Sheaths smooth; awns variable, but the panicle not a dense mass of long-awned 


spikelets. 
Panicles erect and rather stiff (heavy panicles somewhat nodding); spikelets con- 
STOICA WIS) Sy sk QUIS VOC ha a I iP ge 3. E. CRUSGALLI. 


Panicles soft and nodding; spikelets inconspicuously hispid. 
E. CRUS-PAVONIS, 


Sheaths, at least the iower, hispid or scabrous (glabrous in forma laevigata) ; panicle 
dense, the spikelets long-awned............_.......---..---.0---ses-eceee--00-0-=+ 6. E. WALTERI. 


1. Echinochloa polystachya (H. B. 


K.) Hitche. (Fig. 1084.) Aquatic or 
subaquatic; culms coarse, 1 to 2 m. 
tall, from a long creeping base, gla- 
brous; nodes glabrous or obscurely 
pubescent; sheaths glabrous or very 
sparsely papillose; ligule a dense line 
of stiff yellow hairs as much as 4 
mm. long; blades 30 to 40 cm. long, 
1.5 to 2.5 cm. wide, scabrous on the 
margin; panicles mostly 15 to 25 cm. 
long, dense, the short thick branches 
ascending; pedicels with stiff hairs 3 
to 5 mm. long; spikelets about 5 mm. 
long, the nerves papillose-hispid, the 
sterile floret staminate; awns 2 to 


15 mm. long. 2 —Swamps and 
ditches near the coast, Louisiana and 
Brownsville, Tex.; West Indies to 
Argentina. 

2. Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. 
JUNGLE-RICE. (Fig. 1085.) Culms 
prostrate to erect, 20 to 40 cm. long; 
blades rather lax, 3 to 6 mm. wide, 
occasionally transversely zoned with 
purple; panicle 5 to 15 cm. long; 
racemes several, 1 to 2 cm. long, 
appressed or ascending, single or 
occasionally two approximate, the 
lower usually distant as much as l 
cm.; spikelets about 3 mm. long, 


712 


Figure 1085.—Echinochloa colon xX 1. (Bentley, 
ex. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


crowded, nearly sessile; second glume 
and sterile lemma _ short-pointed, 
rather soft, faintly nerved, the nerves 
weakly hispid-scabrou. © — 
Ditches and moist places, Virginia 
to Missouri, south to Florida, Texas, 
and southeastern California; ballast, 
Camden, N. J., Philadelphia, Pa., 
and Portland, Oreg.; tropical regions 
of both hemispheres; introduced in 
America. 

3. Echinochloa _crusgAlli = (..) 
Beauv. BARNYARD GRaSs. (Fig. 1086.) 
Culms erect to decumbent, stout, as 
much as 1 m. or even 1.5 m. tall, 
often branching at base; sheaths gla- 
brous; blades elongate, 5 to 15 mm. 
wide; panicle erect or nodding, purple- 
tinged, 10 to 20 cm. long; racemes 
Spreading, ascending or appressed, 
the lower somewhat distant, as much 
as 10 cm. long, sometimes branched, 
the upper approximate; spikelets 
crowded, about 3 mm. long, excluding 
the awns; internerves hispidulous; 
nerves strongly tuberculate-hispid; 
awn variable, mostly 5 to 10 mm. 
long on at least some of the spikelets, 
sometimes as much as3cm. © — 
Moist open places, ditches, cultivated 
fields, and waste ground, New Bruns- 
wick to Washington, south to Florida 


and California, mostly at low and 


medium altitudes; Eastern Hemis- 
phere. Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) 
Rydb. (£. muricata (Michx.) Fer- 
nald) has been differentiated from £. 
crusgalli by the papillae at the base 
of the stiff hairs on the spikelets; true 
E. crusgalli, as understood by Fer- 
nald and by Rydberg, having hairs 
that lack the papillose base. But the 
European specimens have on the 
average about as strongly tuberculate 
spikelets as the American. The three 
following varieties intergrade and can 
sometimes be only arbitrarily dis- 
tinguished. 


4 For various treatments of the Echinochloa crusgalls 
complex, and for names here cited in Synonymy see 
FERNALD, F. L., Rhodora 17: 105-107. 1915; Frr- 
NALD, F. L. and Griscom, L., Rhodora 37: 136-137. 
1935. WIEGAND, K. M., 23: 49-65. 1921. For Far- 
WELL, FassSETT, GLEASON, RYDBERG, and others, see 
references in Synonymy. 


713 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


es A) 


15h 


Figure 1086.—Echinochloa crusgalli. Plant, X 14; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Somes 3725, Towa.) 


A 
a 
Piney =. by 
3 = 
> [D c 
4 
“*e 


Le Js 
ee 


Figure 1087.—Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis, X 1. 
(Pammel and Cratty 791, Iowa.) 


Ag. 
= 
MNq@es 
BER 
\N 


i; 
KR 
Ni 

Ss 


LZ (yD 
Re 


Figure 1088.—Echinochloa crusgalli var. zelayensts, 
xX 1. (Mearns 744, Mex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


EcHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI- var. 
Mitis (Pursh) Peterm. (Fig. 1087.) 
Racemes dense, mostly somewhat 
spreading-flexuous; spikelets awnless 
or nearly so, the awns less than 3 
mm. long; basal sheaths occasionally 
hirsute. © —Moist places over 
about the same area as the species 
and nearly as common. 

ECHINOCHLOA  CRUSGALLI_ var. 
ZELAYENSIS (H. B. K.) Hitche. (Fig. 
1088.) Differs from E. crusgalli var. 
mitis in having less succulent culms, 
mostly simple, more or less appressed 
racemes, the spikelets less strongly 
hispid but papillose, usually green. 
Small plants resemble EF. colonum, 
but differ in the more distinctly point- 
ed spikelets, more spreading racemes, 
and erect more robust culms. © 
—Moist, often alkaline places, Okla- 
homa to Oregon, south to Texas and 
California; Mexico to Argentina, in 
the tablelands. (Type from Zelaya, 
Mexico. ) 

ECHINOCHLOA  CRUSGALLI- var. 
FRUMENTACEA (Roxb.) W. F. Wight. 
JAPANESE MILLET. (Fig. 1089.) Ra- 


Fictre 1089.—Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea, 


X 1. (Piper, Tex.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


cemes thick, appressed, incurved; 
spikelets more turgid, awnless, mostly 
purple, the nerves hispid, but not, or 
only slightly, tuberculate. © (Var. 
edulis Hitche.)—Occasionally culti- 
vated as a forage grass and escaped 
here and there. Exploited at one time 
under the name, “billion-dollar grass.”’ 

4. Echinochloa crus-pavonis (H. 
B. K.) Schult. (Fig. 1090.) Culms 
erect or sometimes decumbent at 
base, as much as 1 m. tall; blades 5 
to 15-mm. wide; panicle 10 to 20 
cm. long, nodding, rather soft, pink- 
ish or pale purple; racemes mostly 
ascending or appressed, the lower 
somewhat distant; spikelets about 3 
mm. long, hispid on the nerves, 
hispidulous on the internerves, the 
awn usually about 1 cm. long. © 
(EZ. crusgalli crus-pavonis Hitche.)— 
Marshes and wet places, often in the 
water, Virginia, Alabama, Louisiana, 
southern Texas, and through tropical 
America at low altitudes. 

5. Echinochloa paludigena Wie- 
gand. (Fig. 1091.) Culms mostly soli- 


ME 
—p 


CA 


; f Z Bi EZac= 
N\\a Say ek 
NN gas 


= 


1g 
P=, 


ha 
e 


VW \ eZ. 

Be, 

1090.—Echinochloa crus-pavonis, X 1. 
(Sintenis 1889, P. R.) 


/f 
HOE: 


FIGURE 


Figure 1091.—Echinochloa paludigena, X 1. (Fred- 
holm 6390, Fla.) 


tary, erect, rather stout, usually 1 to 
1.5 m. tall; blades elongate, 8 to 20 
mm. wide; panicle narrow, usually 20 
to 30 cm. long; racemes ascending, 
usually simple, rather evenly dis- 
tributed on the axis, not closely 
crowded, sometimes remote; spike- 
lets about as in #. crusgalli, but on 
the average less strongly tuberculate; 
sterile floret staminate © — 
Ditches, marshes, and wet places, 
often in shallow water, south and cen- 
tral Florida. 

6. Echinochloa waltéri (Pursh) 
Heller. (Fig. 1092.) Culms usually 
stout, erect, 1 to 2 m. tall; sheaths 
papillose-hispid or papillose only, 
sometimes only the lower sheaths 
hispid or the hairs on the margins 
only; blades elongate; panicle dense, 
nodding, mostly 20 to 30 cm. long, 
purplish; spikelets about 4 mm. long, 
less turgid than in E. crusgalli; the 


\\ 


\ 
\\ 
( 


| 
NWN | 
Nu : 
\\ i Y tea. 
NZ 
\) ( | } y 
NSN AH) 
7 


Yi 


me A 
SS — 
— 


S = 
Se 


Figure 1092.—Echinochloa walteri, X 1. (Chase 
1426, Ill.) 


stiff hairs on the nerves not tuber- 
culate; awns mostly 1 to 2.5 em. long. 
©  —Wet places, often in shallow 
water or brackish marshes, Coastal 
Plain, Massachusetts to Florida and 
Texas; Wisconsin, Iowa, and Arkan- 
sas. Short-awned specimens have 
been segregated as forma brevzseta 
Fern. and Grisc. ECHINOCHLOA WAL- 
TERI forma LAEBVIGATA Wiegand. 
Sheaths glabrous. (E. longearistata 
Nash.) Wisconsin, Virginia, South 
Carolina, Arkansas, Louisiana, and 
Texas. 


142. RHYNCHELYTRUM Nees 


(Included in T’richolaena Schrad. in 
Manual, ed. 1) 

Spikelets on short capillary pedi- 
cels; first glume minute, villous; sec- 
ond glume and sterile lemma equal, 
gibbous below, raised on a stipe above 
the first glume, emarginate or slightly 
lobed, short-awned, covered, except 
toward the slightly spreading apex, 
with long silky hairs, the palea of the 
sterile lemma well developed; fertile 
lemma shorter than the spikelet, car- 
tilaginous, smooth, boat-shaped, ob- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S: DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


tuse, the margin thin, not inrolled, 
enclosing the margins of the palea. 
Perennials or annuals, with rather 
open panicles of silky spikelets, the 
fruit not falling from the spikelet at 
maturity. Type species Rhynchely- 
trum dregeanum Nees. Name from 
Greek, rhychos, beak, and elytron, 
scale, alluding to the beaked second 
glume and sterile lemma. This genus 
has, until recently, generally been in- 
cluded in Tricholaena Schrad. The 
type species of the two are sufficiently 
different to recognize this as generi- 
cally distinct. 

1. Rhynchelytrum réseum (Nees) 
Stapf and Hubb. Nata GRAss. 
(Fig. 1093.) Short-lived perennial, 
sometimes apparently annual; culms 
slender, about 1 m. tall; blades 
flat, 2 to 5 mm. wide; panicle rosy 
purple, fading to pink, silvery in 
age, 10 to 15 em. long, the branches 
slender, ascending; spikelets about 5 
mm. long, the capillary pedicels flex- 
uous or recurved. 2 (T'richolaena 
rosea Nees.)—Sandy prairies, open 
woods, fields, and waste places, Flor- 
ida, Texas, and Arizona, naturalized 
from South Africa; drier parts of 
tropical America at low altitudes. 
Cultivated as a meadow grass in 
sandy soil in Florida and more rarely 
along the Gulf coast. 


CORIDOCHLOA Nees 


Spikelets flattened, ovate, in 2’s or 
3’s, subsessile along a slender rachis; 
glumes and sterile lemma papery, the 
second glume stiffly ciliate; fruit stipi- 
tate, concavo-convex, awned. Annual, 
with several digitate racemes naked 
at base. 

Coridochloa cimicina (L.) Nees ex 
Jacks. Culms 20 to 60 cm. tall; 
sheaths hispid; blades 3 to 8 cm. long, 
1.5 to 2.5 em. wide, subcordate; ra- 
cemes mostly 4 to 8, digitate, some- 
times a second whorl below; spikelets 
about 3 mm. long, the awn of the 
fruit curved, about 1 mm. long. © 
—Sparingly introduced in Florida. 
Southern Asia. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES (airy 


NIK 
AW 
\\ iN 


Figure 1093.—Rhynchelythrum roseum. Plant, X %; spikelet and floret, X 10. (Tracy 9365, Fla.) 


718 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


143. SETARIA Beauv. 
(Chaetochloa Scribn.) 


Spikelets subtended by one to several bristles (sterile branchlets), falling 
free from the bristles, awnless; first glume broad, usually less than half the 
length of the spikelet, 3- to 5-nerved; second glume and sterile lemma equal, 
or the glume shorter, several-nerved; fertile lemma coriaceous-indurate, 
transversely rugose or smooth. Annual or perennial grasses, with narrow 
terminal panicles, these dense and spikelike or somewhat loose and open. 
Type species, Setarza viridis. Name from Latin seta, a bristle, alluding to the 
numerous bristles of the inflorescence. The species are, in general, palatable 
and nutritious. A few species, especially S. macrostachya, form an appreciable 
part of the forage on southwestern ranges. Primitive peoples have cultivated 
S. italica, Italian or foxtail millet, since prehistoric times. The seed has been 
found in early remains such as those of the Swiss lake dwellings of the stone 
age. In America this species is used for hay. Another species, S. palmzfolia, is 
cultivated for ornament in greenhouses. 


pues below each spikelet numerous, at least more than 5. Panicle dense, cylindric, spike- 
ike. 
Plants annual; spikelets 3 mm. long; lower floret staminate, the palea well developed. 
S. LUTESCENS. 
Plants perennial; spikelets 2 to 2.56 mm. long; lower floret neuter, the palea reduced. 
. S. GENICULATA. 
Pee eo each spikelet 1 to 3, or, by the abortion of the spikelets, 4 or 6. (See also 
. faberit. 
Bristles more or less retrorsely scabrous (antrorsely in var. ambigua). 
3.- S. VERTICILLATA. 
Bristles antrorsely scabrous only. 
Plants perennial. 
Spikelets 3 mm. long. 
Blades:seabrous:: 12.2. 255-2 eee eee AU ee, Rae 4, SS. MACROSPERMA. 
Blades cvall ows << 2522 = bee ee ee ee 5. S. VILLOSISSIMA. 
Spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. long. 
Blades mostly less than 1 em. wide, often folded; panicles usually loosely or inter- 
ruptedly spikelike, the branches usually not more than 1 em. long. 
6. S. MACROSTACHYA. 
Blades flat, as much as 1.5 cm. wide; panicles tapering from near the base, the 
* lower branches as much asi3icm, long 23.3 2 (7. S&S. SCHEELEI. 
Plants annual. 
Fertile lemma coarsely transversely rugose. 


{ Panicle.densely cylindric: se. - 5 ea ee 8. S. CORRUGATA. 
Panicle looselyllowered:: 22s ee eee 9. S. LIEBMANNI. 

Fertile lemma finely cross-lined or nearly smooth. 
Panicle loosely flowered, tapering above..............-------------------- 10. S. GRISEBACHII. 


Panicle compactly flowered, sometimes interrupted at base. 

Culms as much as 3 m. tall; bristles 1 to 2 cm. long; fertile lemma smooth or 
MCAT) SO ks a ee ere ee eae ak Se 11. S. MAGNA. 

Culms mostly less than 1 m. tall. 

Panicle cylindric, tapering above, green; spikelets falling entire. 

Spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long; bristles 1 to 3 below each spikelet; panicle erect 
or somewhat nodding” eee ee ee eee 1228S. ViRIDIS: 
Spikelets 2.8 to 3 mm. long; bristles 3 to 6 below each spikelet; panicle con- 
spicuously nodding) 2> come. ee ee eee 13. S. FABERII. 
Panicle lobed or interrupted, often large and heavy, purple or yellow; fruit 
deciduous from glumes and sterile lemma.....-......--...---..- 14. §S. rraLica. 


1. Setaria lutéscens (Weigel) 
Hubb. YELLOW BRISTLEGRASS. (Fig. and 1 cm. wide, flat, twisted in a loose 
1094.) Annual, branching at base; _ spiral, villous toward the base above; 
culms erect to prostrate, mostly 50 to panicle dense, evenly cylindric, spike- 
100 cm. tall, compressed; sheaths like, yellow at maturity, mostly 5 to 
keeled; blades as much as 25cm. long 10 cm. long, about 1 cm. thick, the 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


719 


Figure 1094.-—Setaria lutescens. Plant, * 14; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Chase 2986, D. C.) 


axis densely pubescent; bristles 5 to 
20 in a cluster, the longer 2 to 3 times 
-as long as the spikelet; spikelets 3 
mm. long; fruit strongly rugose. © 
—Cultivated soil and waste places, 
New Brunswick to North Dakota, 
south to northern Florida and Texas, 


occasional from British Columbia to 
California, New Mexico, and Arizona; 
Jamaica, at high altitudes; intro- 
duced from Europe; widely distrib- 
uted in temperate regions. This spe- 
cies has been erroneously referred to 
S. glauca (L.) Beauv. 


720 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Fiaure 1096.—Setaria verticillata, X 1. (Steele, D. C.) 


2. Setaria geniculata (Lam.) 
Beauv. KNOTROOT BRISTLEGRASS. 
(Fig. 1095.) Resembling S. lutescens 
but perennial, producing short knotty 
branching rhizomes as much as 4 cm. 
long; base of plant slender, wiry; 
blades mainly straight (not twisted 
as in S. lutescens); bristles yellow or 
purple, 1 to 3 times or even 6 times 
as long as the spikelet; spikelets 2 to 
2.5 oreven3mm.long. 2 —QOpen 
ground, pastures, cultivated soil, salt 
marshes, and moist ground along the 
coast, Massachusetts to Florida and 
Texas, in the interior north to West 
Virginia, Illinois, and Kansas, west to 
California; tropical America to Argen- 
tina and Chile. 

Setaria nigriréstris (Nees) Dur. and 
Schinz. Perennial; resembling S. lu- 
tescens, but the dense spikelike ra- 
cemes purple or dark brown. 2 — 
Ballast, near Portland, Oreg.; South 
Africa. 


SETARIA SPHACELATA (Schum.) Stapf and 
C. E. Hubb. Tufted perennial, glabrous or 
nearly so, often with stout rhizomes; culms 
0.5 to 1.5 m. tall, flattened; blades flat, 
rather lax, 4 to 10 mm. wide; panicle dense, 
cylindric, 8 to 15 cm. long, usually orange to 
purple, bristles mostly 5 or more, 3 to 6 mm. 
long; spikelets 2.5 to 3 mm. long; fruit finely 
rugose. 2 —Cultivated in experiment 
stations and escaped along irrigation ditches, 
Stanislaus and Kern Counties, Calif. Intro- 
duced from Africa. 


3. Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv. 
Bur BRISTLEGRASS. (Fig. 1096.) An- 
nual, often much branched at base 
and geniculate-spreading, as much as 
1 m. long; blades flat, rather thin, 
scabrous and often more or less pilose, 
10 to 20 em. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicle erect but not stiff, cylindric or 
somewhat tapering upward, more or 
less lobed or interrupted, especially 
toward base, 5 to 15 em. long, 7 to 15 
mm. wide; bristles single below each 
spikelet, 1 to 3 times as long as the 
spikelet, retrorsely scabrous; spike- 
lets 2 mm. long; fruit finely rugose. 
©  —Cultivated soil and waste 
places, Massachusetts to North Da- 
kota, south to Alabama, Louisiana, 
and Missouri, occasional west to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


AY 
\ A Si<o 

Z 
y 
un 


WEA, EIELIIE 
Fiaure 1097.—Setaria macrosperma, X 1. (Curtiss 3617, Fla.) 


721 


California; introduced from Europe; 
tropical America at medium altitudes. 

SETARIA VERTICILLATA Var. AM- 
BiGuA (Guss.) Parl. Differing from S. 
verticillata in the scabrous but not 
pilose axis of the panicle and the an- 
trorsely scabrous bristles, mostly 2 to 
3 times as long as the spikelets, at 
maturity spreading and more or less 
implicate. © —Sparingly intro- 
duced in the United States, ballast, 
and waste places, Albany, N. Y., 
Philadelphia, District of Columbia, 
and Mobile, Ala.; Europe. 

Setaria carnei Hitche. Resembling 
S. verticillata (L.) Beauv., but having 
looser panicles and larger spikelets, 
brown at maturity. © —A rapidly 
spreading weed in vineyards, Fresno 
County, Calif.; introduced from West- 
ern Australia. 

4, Setaria macrospérma (Scribn. 
and Merr.) Schum. (Fig. 1097.) Per- 
ennial, often in large tufts, 1 to 1.5 m. 
tall; sheaths keeled; blades elongate, 
1 to 2 cm. wide, scabrous on upper 
surface; panicle 15 to 30 cm. long, 2 
to 4 cm. wide, tapering to both ends, 


rather loose, the secondary panicles 
smaller, compact, the branches of the 
terminal panicle as much as 2 cm. 
long, about equally distributed; bris- 
tles single below each spikelet, 1.5 to 
3 cm. long; spikelets 3 mm. long. 2 
—QOpen ground, mostly on coral rock 
or coral sand, Florida; Bahamas. 

5. Setaria villosissima (Scribn. and 
Merr.) Schum. (Fig. 1098.) Perennial, 
as much as | m. tall; blades flat, vil- 
lous or scabrous only, 15 to 30 cm. 
long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; panicle rather 
loose, more or less interrupted, taper- 
ing above, as much as 27 cm. long, 
the branches ascending, the axis vil- 
lous: “bristles 1.5,\ to, 2.5: 7cem", lone; 
spikelets about 3 mm. long, the sec- 
ond glume slightly shorter; fruit finely 
rugose. 2 —Open or wooded 
rocky places, Texas and Arizona (lo- 
cality unknown). Differing from S. 
macrosperma in the villous blades and 
looser panicles. 

6. Setaria macrostachya H. B. K. 
PLAINS BRISTLEGRASS. (Fig. 1099.) 
Perennial, densely tufted, usually 
pale or glaucous, 40 to 120 cm. tall; 


722 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1098.—Setaria villosissima, X% 1. (Smith, Tex.) 


blades flat or folded, scabrous on the 
upper surface, rarely pubescent on 
both surfaces, 15 to 40 em. long, 3 to 
10 mm. wide; panicle spikelike, 10 to 
25 cm. long, mostly 5 to 10 mm. 
thick, somewhat tapering but not at- 
tenuate, more or less interrupted or 
lobed; bristles 10 to 15 mm. long; 
spikelets 2 to 2.6 mm. long, very 
turgid; fruit rugose. 21 —Open dry 
ground and dry woods, Texas to Col- 
orado and Arizona; Mexico. Variable, 
especially in the thickness of the pan- 
icle, sometimes very slender, occa- 
sionally to 15 mm. thick. The type, 
from Mexico, is the robust form with 
thick panicles. 

Setaria setodsa (Swartz) Beauv. 
Panicle interrupted, attenuate at 
apex. 2 —Ballast, Camden, N. 
J.. and Key West, Fla.; adventive 
from the West Indies. 

Setaria rarifl6ra.Mikan ex Trin. 
Similar to S. setosa, the panicle and 
blades more slender. 2 —Mobile, 


Ala.; adventive from South America. 

7. Setaria scheélei (Steud.) Hitche. 
(Fig. 1100.) Perennial, 60 to 120 cm. 
tall; sheaths compressed-keeled, gla- 
brous or more or less hispid, the collar 
hispid; blades flat, elongate, as much 
as 1.5 cm. wide, scabrous or more or 
less pubescent; panicle rather loose, 
mostly 15 to 20 cm. long, tapering 
from near the base, the lower branches 
as much as 3 cm. long, ascending, the 
axis scabrous-pubescent and rather 
sparsely villous; bristles 1 to 1.5 em. 
long, rather numerous, flexuous; 
spikelets about 2 mm. long; fruit 
rugose. 2} —QOpen or rocky woods, 
Texas and Arizona. Differing from S. 
macrostachya in the looser panicle and 
the longer lower branches. 

8. Setaria corrugata (Ell.) Schult. 
(Fig. 1101.) Annual, erect or genicu- 
late-spreading; culms freely branch- 
ing, as much as 1 m. tall; sheaths 
scabrous to appressed-hirsute; blades 
flat, scabrous, as much as 30 cm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 723 


long and 1 cm. wide (commonly less . SASH 
than 5 mm.); panicle dense, cylindric, NG 
usually 5 to 10 cm. long, the axis CWE 
densely hispid-scabrous and also vil- SEY) 
lous; bristles much exceeding the SN, Y ib 
spikelets, sometimes as much as 2 W/Z 
em. long, green or purple; spikelets SANZ 
2 mm. long; fruit coarsely rugose. as ee Sa 
© -—Sandy woods, cultivated fields, SSR | 
and waste places, along the coast, SAMY 
North Carolina to Florida and Louis- Wi 4 ez 
iana; Cuba. \ Se? 
9. Setaria liebmanni Fourn. (Fig. r < A ae 
1102.) Annual, branching below, 30 SIN Ze 
to 100 cm. tall; blades flat, rather RES 
thin, 10 to 20 em. long, 1 to 2 cm. } 54, 4 
wide, scabrous; panicle loosely flow- || [IY SY ie 
ered, tapering at each end, often | §& SS i 


nodding, usually 10 to 25 cm. long, 


‘SS 
KAN 
Wy - 
ys 
ul 


He 
Wn 


en ye 
ie NR ‘ 
Sa 
| 


U 


Yai 


Ny / Fi 
Via —— 


Fraure 1100.—Setaria scheelei, X 1. (Bush 1244, Tex.) 


\) 


nse 


Ww 


Figure 1099.—Setaria macrostachya, X 1. (Hitchcock Figure 1101.—Setaria corrugata, X 1. (Pollard and 
°18605, Tex.) Collins 253, Fla.) 


724 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


from slender to 25 mm. wide; bristles 
7 to 15 mm. long; spikelets about 2 
mm. long; fruit coarsely and strongly 
rugose. © -—0Open sandy or rocky 
soil, Arizona (Tucson); Mexico to 
Nicaragua. 

10. Setaria  grisebachii Fourn. 
GRISEBACH BRISTLEGRASS. (Fig. 1103.) 
Resembling S. liebmanni; blades 
smaller, panicle branches densely 
flowered; fruit finely rugose. © — 
Open ground, often a weed in fields, 
Texas to Arizona; Mexico. 

11. Setaria magna Griseb. GIANT 
BRISTLEGRASS. (Fig. 1104.) Annual, 
robust, erect; culms sparingly branch- 
ing, as much as 4 m. tall and 2 cm. 


7 


thick at base; blades flat, scabrous, 
as much as 50 em. long and 3.5 cm. 
wide; panicles densely flowered, nod- 
ding, often interrupted at _ base, 
tapering at each end, as much as 50 
em. long and 3 ecm. thick, those of 
the branches much smaller; bristles 
1 to 2 em. long; spikelets about 2 
mm. long; fruit smooth or nearly so, 
brown and shining at maturity. © 
—Marshes and wet places along the 
coast, New Jersey to Florida; Ar- 
ere Texas tae ie 

gus , 12. Setaria_ viridis eauv. 
FIGURE DOIG ES X 1. (Metcalf GREEN BRISTLEGRASS. (Fig. 1105.) 


all, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Annual, branching at base, some- 
times geniculate-spreading, 20 to 40 
em. tall (or even 1 m.); blades flat, 
usually less than 15 cm. long and 1 
cm. wide; panicle erect or somewhat 
nodding, densely flowered, green or 
purple, cylindric but tapering a little 
at the summit, usually less than 10 
cm. long; bristles 1 to 3 below each 
spikelet, mostly 3 to 4 times their 
length, spikelets 2 to 2.5 mm. long; 
fruit very finely rugose. © —A 
weed in cultivated soil and waste 
places, common throughout the cooler 
parts of the United States, New- 
foundlandito British Columbia, south 
to Florida and California, infrequent 
in the Southern States and in the 
mountains; Mexico; introduced from 
Europe. 


2 —-= 


PEL Lp LE 
ee — 
EIS eS 


yy 
YW 


YG 


My ELE, 
VL Vi: 


Fiaure 1105.—Setaria viridis, X 1. (Thompson 129, 
Kans.) 


13. Setaria fabérii Herrm. (Fig. 
1106.) Similar to S. viridis, usually 
taller; blades softly pubescent to 
glabrescent; panicle conspicuously 
nodding; spikelets about 3 mm. long, 
the second glume shorter than the 
more rugose fruit. © —Becoming 
a weed in waste and cultivated 
ground, apparently spreading rapidly, 
New York to Nebraska and Arkansas, 
North Carolina, Kentucky, and Ten- 


725 


a\\ ) Be ae zs 
\ \ \ Op 


. Kf) 
NK 
NWN 
\ a Y 
WS 3/7 


Fiaurre 1106.—Setaria faberii. X 1; floret, X 5. 
(V. H. Chase 8395, Va.) 


nessee. Introduced from China, prob- 
ably in seed of Chinese millet. 

14, Setaria italica (L.) Beauv. Fox- 
TAIL MILLET. (Fig. 1107.) Cultivated 
form of S. viridis, more robust, with 
broader blades and larger lobed pan- 
icles, the fruit smooth or nearly so, 
shining at maturity, falling away 
from the remainder of the spikelet. 
In the larger forms the culms may 
be as much as 1 cm. thick and the 
panicles as much as 30 cm. long and 
3 em. thick, yellow or purple; bristles 
from scarcely longer than the spike- 
lets to 3 to 4 times as long; fruit 
tawny to red, brown, or black. The 
smaller forms are known as Hungarian 
grass. © —Cultivated in the 
warmer parts of the United States, 
especially from Nebraska to Texas; 
escaped from cultivation in waste 


726 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


plicate, 1 to 2.5 em. wide; panicles 
narrow, loose; bristles 5 to 10 mm. 
long. © —Ballast, Apalachicola 
and Miami, Fla.; adventive from 
East Indies. Many cultivated varie- 
ties and forms of this species have 
been described. For a study of these 
variants and a key to them see Hub- 
bard, F. T., Rhodora 2: 187-196. 
1915. 


SETARIA PALMIFOLIA (Koen.) Stapf. Patm- 
Grass. (Fig. 1108.) Tall perennial; blades 
plicate, as much as 50 cm. long and 6 cm. 
wide; panicle loose, 20 to 40 cm. long; bris- 
tles inconspicuous. 2 —Cultivated in 
the South and in greenhouses for ornament. 
(Sometimes called Panicum plicatum.) Na- 
tive of India. 

SETARIA POIRETIANA (Schult.) Kunth. 
Differing from S. palmifolia in having a nar- 
row panicle about 30 em. long with numer- 
ous ascending branches. 2 —Occasion- 
ally cultivated for ornament. (Sometimes 
called Panicum sulcatum.) Tropical America. 
The last three species belong to the section 
Ptychophyllum. 


Fieure 1107.—Setaria italica, X 1; floret, xX 5. 
(Williams 82, D. C.) 


places throughout the United States; 
Eurasia. 

Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth. De- 
cumbent annual; blades thin, lightly 


FieurEeE 1108.—Setaria palmifolia, 
X 1. (Hitchcock 9727, Jamaica.) 


| 
| 
| 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


144. PENNISETUM L. Rich. 


Spikelets solitary or in groups of 2 or 3, surrounded by an involucre of 
bristles (sterile branchlets), these not united except at the very base, often 
plumose, falling attached to the spikelets; first glume shorter than the spikelet, 
sometimes minute or wanting; second glume shorter than or equaling the sterile 
lemma; fertile lemma chartaceous, smooth, the margin thin, enclosing the 
palea. Annuals or perennials, often branched, with usually flat blades and 
dense spikelike panicles. Type species, Pennisetum typhoideum L. Rich. (P. 
glaucum). Name from Latin penna, feather, and seta, bristle, alluding to the 
plumose bristles of some species. 

The most important species is P. glawcwm, pearl millet, which is widely 
cultivated in tropical Africa and Asia, the seed being used for human food. 
It has been cultivated since prehistoric times, its wild prototype being un- 
known. In the United States pearl millet is used to a limited extent in the 
Southern States for forage, especially for soiling. Two species, P. villosum 
and P. setacewm, are cultivated for ornament. An African species, P. purpur- 


727 


eum, elephant or Napier grass, is used in Florida as a forage plant. 


Plants annual; bristles of involucre about as long as the spikelets. Cultivated. 


P. GLAUCUM. 


Plants perennial; bristles much longer than the spikelets. 
Culms extensively creeping; spikelets few, hidden in the upper sheath. 


Culms not creeping; panicle exserted. 
Longer bristles 1 cm. long. 


Bristles unlike, the inner silky, plumose 
Bnstlessalliscabrousss- 2. 


P. CLANDESTINUM. 


ee et le ra a Lt 2. FP. SETOSUM. 
te Sihag FORD ny eRe ROE USD ee ea 3. P. NERVOSUM. 


Longer bristles 3 to 4 cm. long, the panicles feathery. 


Raniclevovalytawiy = o12000 8 a 
Panicle elongate, purple or rosy............ 


- |. Pennisetum glafiicum (L.) R. 

Br. PEARL MILLET. (Fig. 1109.) An- 
nual; culms robust, as much as 2 m. 
tall, densely villous below the panicle; 
blades flat, cordate, sometimes as 
much as 1 m. long and 5 em. wide; 
panicle cylindric, stiff, very dense, 
as much as 40 to 50 cm. long and 2 
to 2.5 cm. thick, pale, bluish-tinged, 
or sometimes tawny, the stout axis 
densely villous; fascicles peduncled, 
spikelets short-pediceled, 2 in a fas- 
cicle, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. long, obovate, 
turgid, the grain at maturity pro- 
truding from the hairy-margined lem- 
ma and palea. (P. typhoideum L. 
Rich.; Penicillaria spicata Willd.)— 
Cultivated to a limited extent in the 
Southern States for forage; Eastern 
Hemisphere. 

Pennisetum purpireum Schumach. 
NAPIER GRASS. Robust leafy peren- 
nial, 2 to 4 m. tall; blades elongate, 
2 to 3 cm. wide; panicle dense, 
elongate, stiff, tawny or purplish, 


Pe ee PEO ey eS selene 2s 4, 
pi aR arbate ny Ca a eee Re 5. P. SETACEUM. 


P. VILLOSUM. 


with sparsely plumose bristles about 
1 cm. long. 2 W—Introduced from 
Africa; used as a forage plant from 
central to southern Florida; grown in 
the West Indies and South America. 
Also called elephant grass. 

2. Pennisetum set6sum (Swartz) 
L. Rich. (Fig. 1110.) Perennial; culms 
sometimes 30 or more in loose clumps, 
1 to 2 m. tall, geniculate, sometimes 
rooting at the lower nodes, bearing 
1 to several flowering branches from 
the lower and middle nodes, scabrous 
below the panicle; blades elongate, 4 
to 18 mm. wide; panicle 10 to 25 
em. long, 8 to 10 mm. thick, excluding 
the bristles, rather dense, yellow to 
purple; fascicles reflexed at maturity; 
bristles unequal, the outer delicate, 
mostly shorter than the spikelet, the 
inner densely silky-plumose below, as. 
much as 1 em. long, the hairs beauti- 
fully crimped; spikelet solitary, 3.2 
to 4 mm. long; fruit subindurate, 


728 


smooth and shining. 2 —QOpen 
slopes and savannas, southern Flor- 
ida; tropical America. 

3. Pennisetum nervésum (Nees) 
Trin. (Fig. 1111.) Perennial; culms 
robust, branching, as much as 3 m. 


bi. 

Hs % 

Ce E 
4S ee 


Vike Ye 
Fer x 
SJ 


Nagi 


AN 
oo Q 
Saks 


SBN 
‘s 

s 

~ 


IK 
ZZ 
= 
PAR 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


tall; blades elongate, 5 to 10 mm. 
wide, scabrous; panicle dense, some- 
what flexuous, 10 to 20 cm. long; 
fascicles spreading to reflexed; bristles 
scabrous, the outer about as long as 
the spikelet, the inner about 10 mm. 
long; spikelet solitary, 5 to 6 mm. 
long. 2 —Moist open or brushy 
places, Brownsville, Tex., along the 
Rio Grande; apparently introduced; 
Ecuador to Brazil and Argentina. 

4, Pennisetum vill6sum R. Br. 
FEATHERTOP. (Fig. 1112.) Perennial; 
culms tufted, 30 to 60 cm. tall, pubes- 
cent below the panicle; blades 3 to 
5 mm. wide; panicle tawny, ovoid or 
oblong, 3 to 10;cm-long,, 1 tor5rcm: 
wide including bristles, dense, feath- 
ery; spikelets 1 to 4 in a fascicle; 
fascicles short-peduncled, a tuft of 
white hairs at base of peduncle; 
bristles numerous, spreading, the 


inner very plumose, the longer 4 to 
5 em. long. 


(P. longistylum of 


Fiqure 1109.—Pennisetum glaucum. Panicle, X 4; two views of spikelet, and grain, X 10. (McCarthy, N. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


florists, not Hochst.)—Cultivated for 
ornament, sparingly escaped in dry 
ground, Michigan, Texas, and Cali- 
fornia; introduced from Africa. 

5. Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) 
Chiov. Fountain eorass. (Fig. 1113.) 
Perennial, culms tufted, simple, about 
1 m. tall; blades narrow, elongate, 
scabrous; panicle 15 to 35 cm. long, 
nodding, pink or purple; fascicles 
peduncled, rather loosely arranged, 
containing 1 to 3 spikelets; bristles 
plumose toward base, unequal, the 
longer’ 3 “to 4 em. ‘long. 2 (CP. 
ruppelit Steud.)—Cultivated for orna- 
ment, especially as a border plant or 
around fountains; introduced from 
Africa. 

6. Pennisetum clandestinum 
Hochst. ex Chiov. Kikuyu GRASS. 
(Fig. 1114.) Low-growing, rhizoma- 
tous, stoloniferous perennial, the sto- 
lons with short internodes; inflor- 
escence consisting of 2 to 4 spikelets 
almost entirely enclosed in the upper 
sheath of the short culms. 2 — 
A troublesome weed in orchards and 


Figure 1110.—Pennisetum setosum, X %. (Amer. 
Gr. Natl. Herb. 611, Trinidad. 


729 


Fiaure 1111.—Pennisetum nervosum, X 1%. (Ferris 
and Duncan 3198, Tex.) 


gardens in southern California. Intro- 
duced from Africa. A good forage 
grass in tropics and subtropics. 


Figure 1112.—Pennisetum villosum, X 4%. (Eastwood 
172, Calif.) 


730 


Figure 1113.—Pennisetum setaceum, X 4. (Hitch- 
cock, D. C.) 


PENNISETUM CILIARE (L.) Link. Culms 
geniculate, from a knotted crown, 10 to 50 
cm. tall; panicle 2 to 10 em. long; bristles 
united at the very base, flexuous, purple, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


5 to 10 mm. long, the inner plumose. 2% 
—Occasionally cultivated in the Southern 
States; adventive in wool waste, Yonkers, 
N. Y. In the West Indies said to be good for- 
age. India. : 

PENNISETUM ALOPECUROIDES (L.) Spreng. 
Perennial; culms compressed, to 1 m. tall, 
with elongate scabrous blades and softly 
bristly panicles 8 to 15 em. long; bristles of 
the fascicles to 2cm.long. 2 —Sparingly 
cultivated; escaped in Berks County, Pa.; 
Asia. 

PENNISETUM MACROSTACHYUM (Brongn.) 
Trin. Resembling P. setacewm, blades as 
much as 2.5 cm. wide; panicle denser, brown- 
ish purple, fascicles smaller; bristles not plu- 
mose. 2 —Sparingly cultivated for orna- 
ment. East Indies. 

PENNISETUM LATIFOLIUM Spreng. Peren- 
nial; culms 100 to 150 cm. tall, the nodes 
appressed-pubescent; blades 2 to 3 cm. wide, 
tapering to a long point; panicles terminal 
and axillary, nodding, 5 to 8 cm. long, the 
bristles prominent. 2 —Occasionally cul- 
tivated for ornament. South America. 


Figure 1114.—Pennisetum clandestinum, X 1. (Chase 10181, Brazil.) 


145. CENCHRUS L. SanpBur 


Spikelets solitary or few together, surrounded and enclosed by a spiny 
bur composed of numerous coalescing bristles (sterile branchlets), the bur 
subglobular, the peduncle short and thick, articulate at base, falling with the 
spikelets and permanently enclosing them, the seed germinating within the 
old involucre, the spines usually retrorsely barbed. Annuals or sometimes 
perennials, commonly low and branching, with flat blades and racemes of 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


731 


burs, the burs readily deciduous. Type species, Cenchrus echinatus. Name from 


Greek kegchros, a kind of millet. 


The species are excellent forage grasses before the burs are formed. Several 
species are weeds and become especially troublesome after the maturity of 


the burs. 


Involucral lobes united at the base only; racemes dense; plants perennial. 


Involucral lobes united above the base. 


C. MYOSUROIDES. 


Involucre with a ring of slender bristles at base; plants annual. 
Burs, excluding the bristles, not more than 4 mm. wide, numerous, crowded in a long 


raceme; lobes of the involucre interlocking, not spinelike............ 2 


C. BROWNIL. 


Burs, excluding the bristles, 5 to 7 mm. wide, not densely crowded; lobes of the involucre 
erect or nearly so or rarely one or two lobes loosely interlocking, the tips spinelike. 


C. ECHINATUS. 


Involucre with flattened spreading spines, no ring of slender bristles at base. 
Body of bur ovate, usually not more than 3.5 mm. wide, tapering at base; plants peren- 


nial. 


Burs glabrous; spines 4 to 6 mm. long 


Reka hk. AGW TE SUIS Re 4, CC. GRACILLIMUS. 


Burs pubescent; spines rarely more than 4 mm. long, usually shorter. 


5. C. INCERTUS. 


Body of bur globose, 5 mm. wide or more, not tapering at base; plants annual. 
Burs, including spines, 7 to 8 mm. wide, finely pubescent........ 6. C. PAUCIFLORUS. 
Burs, including spines, 10 to 15 mm. wide, densely woolly....... 7. C. TRIBULOIDES. 


1. Cenchrus myosuroides H. B. K. 
(Fig. 1115.) Stout glaucous woody 
perennial; culms erect from an often 
decumbent base, 1 to 1.5 m. tall, 
branching below; blades 5 to 12 mm. 
wide; raceme 10 to 25 cm. long, strict, 
erect, dense; burs 1-flowered, about 
5 mm. wide, the bristles united at 
the base only, the outer shorter, the 
inner about as long as the spikelet; 
spikelet 4.5 to 5.5mm. long. 2 — 
Moist sandy open ground or scrub- 
land near the coast, Georgia and 
Florida, southern Louisiana and 
southern Texas; tropical America. 

Cenchrus biflérus Roxb. Annual; 
culms 30 to 100 cm. tall; raceme 8 
to 10 em. long, the burs usually 2- 
flowered, 4 to 6 mm. iong, the outer 
row of bristles short, spreading, the 
inner flattened, rigid, erect. © (C. 
barbatus Schum., C. catharticus Del.) 
—Ballast, Mobile, Ala.; wool waste, 
Yonkers, N. Y. Native of India and 
north Africa. 

2. Cenchrus brownii Roem. and 
Schult. (Fig. 1116.) Annual, mostly 
erect, 30 to 100 em. tall; blades thin, 
flat, lax, 6 to 12 mm. wide; raceme 
4 to 10 em. long, dense; burs de- 
pressed globose, about 4 mm. high, 
the outer bristles numerous, very 
slender, the inner somewhat exceed- 


Figure 1115.—Cenchrus myosuroides. Bur, two views 
of spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Léon 835, Cuba.) 


Figure 1116.—Cenchrus brownii. Bur, two views of 
spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Type.) 


ing the body, the lobes interlocking 
at maturity; spikelets usually 3. © 
(C. viridis Spreng.)—Open ground, 
often a weed in waste places, Florida 
Keys; adventive in North Carolina; 
tropical America at low altitudes; 
introduced in Malaysia. 
3. Cenchrus echinatus L. (Fig. 
1117.) Annual; culms compressed, 


732 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1117.—Cenchrus echinatus. Bur, two views of spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 9397, Jamaica.) 


usually geniculate, branching at base, 
25 to 60 cm. long; blades 3 to 8 mm. 
wide, pilose on the upper surface near 
the base; raceme 3 to 10 cm. long, the 
burs larger, fewer, and less crowded 
than in C. browniz; bur 4 to 7 mm. 
high, as broad or broader, pubescent, 
the lobes of the involucre erect or 


forming dense clumps, glabrous as a 
whole; culms slender, wiry, erect or 
ascending, 20 to 80 cm. tall; blades 
usually folded, 2 to 3 mm. wide; ra- 
ceme 2 to 6 cm. long, the burs rela- 
tively distant, about 3.5, rarely as 
much as 5 mm., wide (excluding 
spines), tapering at base, glabrous; 


Figure 1118.—Cenchrus gracillimus. Bur, two views of spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Type coll.) 


bent inward but not interlocking; 
spikelets usually 4 in each bur. © 
—Open ground and waste places, 
South Carolina to southern Califor- 
nia; a common weed in tropical Amer- 
ica; sparingly introduced in Hawaii 
and Malaysia. 

4. Cenchrus gracillimus Nash. 
(Fig. 1118.) Perennial, at length 


spines spreading or reflexed, flat, 4 to 
6 mm. long, the lobes about 8; spike- 
lets 2 or 3 ineach bur. 2 —Sandy 
open ground and high pineland, Flor- 
ida, southern Alabama and Missis- 
sippi; Cuba, Jamaica. 

5. Cenchrus incértus M. A. Curtis. 
CoasT SANDBUR. (Fig. 1119.) Peren- 
nial, glabrous as a whole; culms 25 to 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


733 


Figure 1119.—Cenchrus incertus. Bur, two views of spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Curtiss, N. C.) 


100 cm. tall; blades commonly folded 
but sometimes flat, 2 to 5 mm. wide; 
raceme 4 to 10 cm. long, the burs not 
crowded; burs about 3.5 (3 to 5) mm. 
wide, the body finely and densely pu- 
bescent, the base glabrous; spines 
few, mostly less than 5 mm. long, the 
lower often reduced or obsolete; spike- 


spreading, 20 to 90 cm. long, rather 
stout; blades usually flat, 2 to 7 mm. 
wide; raceme usually 3 to 8 cm. long, 
the burs somewhat crowded; burs (ex- 
cluding spines) mostly 4 to 6 mm. 
wide, pubescent, often densely so; 
spines numerous, spreading or re- 
flexed, flat, broadened at base, the 


Figure 1120.—Cenchrus pauciflorus. Bur, two views of spikelet, and floret, X 5. (Hitchcock 13582, N. Mex.) 


lets 1 to 3 in each bur. 2 —Open 
sandy soil, Coastal Plain, Virginia to 
Florida and Texas. 

6. Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth. 
FIELD SANDBUR. (Fig. 1120.) Annual, 
at times a short-lived perennial, 
sometimes forming large mats; culms 


lowermost shorter and relatively slen- 
der, some of the upper ones com- 
monly 4 to 5 mm. long, usually villous 
at the base; spikelets usually 2 in each 
bur. © (Confused with C. tribu- 
loides in early manuals; C. carolini- 
anus of recent manuals, not of Walt.) 


734 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ASS 


Fiaurp 1121.—Cenchrus tribuloides. Plant, X 44; two views of spikelet, and floret, X 10. (Kearney, Va.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


—Sandy open ground, often a weed 
in sandy fields, Ontario to Oregon, 
south to Florida, Texas, and Cali- 
fornia; Mexican plateau; coastal re- 
gion of tropical America; southern 
South America. The type, from Baja 
California, is a small arid-ground 
specimen, the burs smaller than those 
of plants of more favorable situations. 
Specimens with long spines have been 
differentiated as C. albertsoniz Run- 
yon and C. longispinus (Hack.) Fer- 


735 


nald. The spikelets are identical ex- 
cept in size. 

7. Cenchrus tribuloides L. Dune 
SANDBuR. (Fig. 1121.) Stouter than 
C. pauciflorus; soon branching and 
radiate-decumbent, rooting at the 
nodes; sheaths usually much overlap- 
ping; burs (excluding spines) 5 to 6 
mm. wide and 8 to 9 mm. high, usu- 
ally conspicuously villous. © —In 
loose sands of the coast, Staten Is- 
land, N. Y., to Florida and Louisiana; 


West Indies. 


146. AMPHICARPUM Kunth 
(Amphicarpon Raf.) 


Spikelets of 2 kinds on the same plant, one in a terminal panicle, perfect 
but not fruitful, the other cleistogamous on slender leafless subterranean 
branches from the base of the culm or sometimes also from the lower nodes; 
first glume of the aerial spikelets variable in size, sometimes obsolete; second 
glume and sterile lemma about equal; lemma and palea indurate, the margins 
of the lemma thin and flat; fruiting spikelets much larger, the first glume want- 
ing; second glume and sterile lemma strongly nerved, subrigid, exceeded at 
maturity by the turgid, elliptic, acuminate fruit with strongly indurate lemma 
and palea, the margins of the lemma thin and flat; stamens with small anthers 
on short filaments. Annual or perennial erect grasses, with flat blades and 
narrow terminal panicles. Type species, Miliwm amphicarpon Pursh (Amphi- 
carpum purshiz). Name from Greek amphikarpos, doubly fruit-bearing, allud- 


ing to the two kinds of spikelets. 


Blades conspicuously hirsute......................... 
Blades glabrous or nearly so..............---.---------- 


1. Amphicarpum pdarshii Kunth. 
(Fig. 1122.) Annual; culms erect, 30 
to 80 cm. tall, the leaves crowded 
toward the base, hirsute; blades erect, 
10 to-15 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, 
sharp-pointed; panicle 3 to 20 cm. 
long; spikelets elliptic, 4 to 5 mm. 
long; subterranean spikelets 7 to 8 
mm. long, plump, acuminate. © 
(Amphicarpon amphicarpon Nash.)— 
Sandy pinelands, New Jersey to 
Georgia. 

2. Amphicarpum  muhlenbergia- 
num (Schult.) Hitche. (Fig. 1123.) 
Perennial; culms usually decumbent 
at base, 30 to 100 cm. tall; leaves 
evenly distributed; blades firm, 
white-margined when dry, mostly less 
than 10 cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; 
panicle long-exserted, few-flowered; 
spikelets narrowly lanceolate, 6 to 7 


Sg CRA 2 ee MeO iL 


A. PURSHII. 
A. MUHLENBERGIANUM. 


mm. long; subterranean spikelets 6 to 
9 mm. long. 2 (A. floridanum 
Chapm. )—Low pinelands, South Car- 
olina and Florida. 


147, OLYRA L. 


Plants monoecious; inflorescence 
paniculate; pistillate spikelets borne 
on the ends of the branches of loose 
panicles, the smaller staminate spike- 
lets pedicellate below the pistillate 
ones, sometimes the upper branches 
all pistillate and the lower ones all 
staminate; pistillate spikelets rather 
large; first glume wanting; second 
glume and sterile lemma herbaceous, 
often caudate-acuminate; fruit bony- 
indurate; staminate spikelets readily 
deciduous; glumes and sterile lemma 
wanting, the lemma and palea mem- 


736 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


two views of gore race and floret, and subterranean 


spikelet and floret, X 10. (Brinton, 


Fiaure 1122.—Amphicarpum purshii. Plant, X 4; 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


branaceous. Mostly tall perennials 
with broad flat blades, contracted 
into a petiole, and open or contracted 
panicles of glabrous spikelets. Type 
species, Olyra latifolia. Name from 
olura, an old Greek name for a kind 
of grain. 

1. Olyra latifolia L. (Fig. 1124.) 
Glabrous perennial, bamboolike in 
aspect, commonly 3 m. tall, with flat, 
firm, asymmetrically lanceolate-ob- 
long, abruptly acuminate blades 
commonly 20 cm. long and 5 cm. 
wide, and ovoid panicles 10 to 15 cm. 
long, the branches stiffly ascending or 
spreading, each bearing a single large 
long-acuminate pistillate spikelet at 
the thickened summit and _ several 
small slender-pediceled staminate 
spikelets along the branches. 2 — 
Said to occur in the region of Tampa 
Bay, Fla., but the record is doubtful; 
tropical America; Africa. 


737 


\ 4 
y 


Figure 1123.—Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum, X 1. 
(Chapman, Fla.) 


TRIBE 13. ANDROPOGONEAE 
148. IMPERATA Cyrillo 


Spikelets all alike, awnless, in pairs, unequally pedicellate on a slender con- 
tinuous rachis, surrounded by long silky hairs; glumes about equal, mem- 
branaceous; sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea thin and hyaline. Peren- 
nial, slender, erect grasses, from hard scaly rhizomes, with terminal narrow 
silky panicles. Type species, I[mperata cylindrica. Named for Ferrante Im- 


perato. 


Spikelets 4 mm. long, the hairs at base twice as long; panicle oblong, rather lax. 
1 


I. BRASILIENSIS. 


Spikelets 3 mm. long, the hairs three times as long; panicle elongate.. 2. I. BREVIFOLIA. 


1. Imperata brasiliénsis Trin. (Fig. 
1125.) Culms 50 to 100 cm. tall, from 
scaly rhizomes; leaves crowded be- 
low, 3 to 8 mm. wide, the lower blades 
elongate, those of the culm short, the 
uppermost much reduced; panicle 
dense, pale or silvery, mostly 10 to 
12 cm. long; spikelets 4 mm. long. 
2| —Pinelands, prairies, and Ever- 
glades, southern Florida and Ala- 
bama; tropical America at low alti- 
tudes. 

2. Imperata brevifélia Vasey. Sat- 
INTAIL. (Fig. 1126.) Resembling [. 
brasiliensis; culms 1 to 1.5 m. tall; 
leaves less crowded at base, all but 
the uppermost elongate; panicle 15 to 


30 cm. long; spikelets 3 mm. long, the 
hairs three times as long. 2 (I. 
hookert Rupr. ex Hack.)—Desert re- 
gions, western Texas to southern 
California, Utah, and Nevada; Mex- 
ico. 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. 
Cocon arass. Spikelets 4 to 5 mm. 
long, the hairs as long as in I. brevi- 
folia. 91! —Ballast, Portland, 
Oreg.; recently introduced in Florida 
and spreading in the west central part 
of the State. It is fairly good forage, 
but because of the strong creeping 
rhizomes it spreads into cultivated 
ground and is difficult to eradicate. 


738 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FicuRE 1124,—Olyra latifolia. Plant, X 1; pistillate a era spikelets, and fertile floret, X 5. (Chase 
6416, P. R. 


739 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


spikelet, X 5. (Chapman, Fla.) 


6; 


FigurE 1125.—Imperata brasiliensis. Plant, kK © 


’ = AQN 
o- = a 
ce = tug 2e i 
EZ 


la 
SS SSS 
: (P= oe 
CT & Z 


~ 


\ 
\ 
SS 


——— 


CQ 
K — 


X\\ 
SS 
. .Y 


SS) 


4 


ip > SSSA 
SYP YSZE pS SSS 
= > 


SSS 

. S 

Sh: N 

— jy — aq 
acl) Ss 
SS : 

i~ ce > = 


ra 


p74 


SS. 
> Gye 
f yy x 
v 


hyaline; fertile 


aceous; sterile lemma a little shorter 
lemma hyaline, smaller than the ster- 
ile lemma, extending into a delicate 


membranaceous or somewhat cori- 


than the glumes, 


Spikelets all alike, in pairs, un- 
glumes equal, 


equally pedicellate along a slender 
rachis; 


149. MISCANTHUS Anderss. 


continuous 


740 


xX . 


Figure 1126.—Imperata brevifolia. Plant, 
(Toumey 782, Ariz.) 


bent and flexuous awn; palea small 
and hyaline. Robust perennials, with 
long flat blades and terminal panicles 
of aggregate spreading slender ra- 
cemes. Type species, Miscanthus jap- 
onicus Anderss. (M. floridulus (La- 
bill.) Warb.) Name from Greek 
mischos, pedicel, and anthos, flower, 
both spikelets of the pair being 
pedicellate. 

1. Miscanthus sinénsis Anderss. 
Euuaria. (Fig. 1127.) Culms robust 
in large bunches, erect, 2 to 3 m. tall; 
leaves numerous, mostly basal, the 
blades flat, as much as 1 m. long, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


about 1 cm. wide, tapering to a slen- 
der point, the margin sharply serrate; 
panicle somewhat fan-shaped, con- 
sisting of numerous silky aggregate 
racemes, 10 to 20 cm. long; spikelets 
with a tuft of silky hairs at base sur- 
rounding them and about as long as 
the glumes. 2 —Cultivated for 
ornament and now growing wild in 
some localities in the Eastern States; 
native of eastern Asia. There are 
three varieties in cultivation besides 
the usual form described above: M. 
SINENSIS var. VARIEGATUS Beal, with 
blades striped with white, M. sinen- 
SIS var. ZEBRINuS Beal, with blades 
banded or zoned with white, and M. 
SINENSIS var. GRACILLIMUs Hitchce., 
with very narrow blades. 

Miscanthus nepalénsis  (Trin.) 
Hack. Panicles yellowish brown; 
spikelets abcut one-fourth as long as 
the hairs at their base. 2 —Occa- 
sionally cultivated under the name of 
Himalaya fairy grass. Nepal, India. 

MISCANTHUS SACCHARIFLORUS (Maxim.) 
Hack. Perennial with thick horizontal rhi- 
zomes; culms 1.5 to 2 m. tall; blades 1 to 1.8 
cm. wide; panicle more silky than in M. 
sinensis, the spikelets awnless. 2 —Spar- 
ingly cultivated for ornament; escaped in 
Clinton County, Iowa; Asia. 


150. SACCHARUM L. 


Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the 
other pedicellate, both perfect, awn- 
less, arranged in panicled racemes, the 
axis disarticulating below the spike- 
lets; glumes somewhat indurate, ster- 
ile lemma similar but hyaline; fertile 
lemma hyaline, sometimes wanting. 
Robust perennials of tropical regions. 
Type species, Saccharum officinarum. 
Name from Latin saccharum (sac- 
charon), sugar, because of the sweet 
juice. 

1. Saccharum officinarum L. Sv- 
GARCANE. (Fig. 1128.) Culms 8 to 5 
m. tall, 2 to 3 cm. thick, solid, juicy, 
the lower internodes short, swollen; 
sheaths greatly overlapping, the lower 
usually falling from the culms; blades 
elongate, mostly 4 to 6 cm. wide, with 
a very thick midrib; panicle plume- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES . 


ELS a 
Se 
Se oF “ee == 2 


Ss 


ie 


p 
gis! 


Fiaure 1127.—Miscanthus sinensis. Plant, much reduced; raceme, X 14; spikelet, X 5. (Cult.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


742 


Saccharum officinarum. Plant, much reduced; racemes, X %; spikelet with pedicel and rachis 


FyGure 1128. 


joint, X 5. (Pringle, Cuba.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


like, 20 to 60 cm. long, the slender 
racemes drooping; spikelets about 3 
mm. long, obscured in a basal tuft of 
silky hairs 2 to 3 times as long as the 
spikelet. 2 —Cultivated in the 
Southern States, especially Louisiana, 
for sugar and byproducts, and for 
sirup, and also used for forage; com- 
monly cultivated in tropical regions. 

The sugarcanes cultivated in the 
United States are derived chiefly 
from four species and their hybrids. 
In the Noble canes (S. officinarum, 
chromosomes 40), described above, 
the axis of inflorescence is without 
long hairs. Chinese canes (S. sinensis 
Roxb., chromosomes about 58 to 60), 
with long hairs on the axis of inflor- 


743 


escence, are cultivated chiefly for 
sirup. Saccharum barberi Jeswiet 
(chromosomes about 45 or 46) from 
northern India, differs from the last 
in having narrower blades and more 
slender canes. Varieties of this species 
do not form an entirely homogeneous 
group and may later be separated 
into two or more species. The wild 
cane of Asia (S. spontaneum L., 
chromosomes 56), is used as a basis 
for hybrids with other species. There 
are numerous hybrids and varieties 
of the species mentioned. 


SACCHARUM BENGALENSE Retz. MUNJ. 
Tall cane; blades very scabrous; panicle 70 
to 80 cm. long, narrow, dense, silvery. % 
ae cultivated for ornament. In- 

ia. 


151. ERIANTHUS Michx. PLtumucrass 


Spikelets all alike, in pairs along a slender axis, one sessile, the other pedicel- 
late, the rachis disarticulating below the spikelets, the rachis joint and pedicel 
falling attached to the sessile spikelet; glumes coriaceous, equal, usually 
copiously clothed, at least at the base, with long silky spreading hairs; sterile 
lemma hyaline; fertile lemma hyaline, the midnerve extending into a slender 
awn; palea small, hyaline. Perennial reedlike grasses, with elongate flat blades 
and terminal oblong, usually dense silky panicles. Type species, Hrzanthus 
saccharoides (EL. giganteus). Name from Greek erion, wool, and anthos, flower, 
alluding to the woolly glumes. 


Spikeletsimakedsormearly so, at base... Ske re Fs 1. E. sTRICTUS. 
Spikelets with a conspicuous tuft of hairs at base. 
Awn flat, spirally coiled at base, the upper portion more or less bent and flexuous or 
loosely spiral. 
Basal hairs nearly as long as the brownish spikelets; panicle not conspicuously hairy, 
the main axis and branches visible; culms usually glabrous below panicle. 
2. E. CONTORTUS. 
Basal hairs copious, about twice as long as the yellowish spikelets; panicle conspicu- 
ously woolly, the hairs hiding the main axis and branches; culms villous below 
oneytan Ge] eae en Secs tere Aa ol eet ee ti 3. KE. ALOPECUROIDES. 
Awn terete, or flattened at base, not coiled, the upper portion straight or slightly flexuous. 
Basal hairs copious, much longer then the spikelet; panicle conspicuously woolly. 
E. GIGANTEUS. 
Basal hairs rather sparse, shorter than the spikelet; panicle not woolly. 
Uppermost blade not reduced, reaching the summit of the panicle; rachis joint and 
pedicel terete, sparsely long-pilose............-....2.2.-22--------------- 4. E. BREVIBARBIS. 
Uppermost blade usually much reduced; rachis joint and pedicel somewhat angled, 
Sparnselyachort=pilose..<).4 use Se as Se 5. E. COARCTATUS. 


1. Erianthus strictus Baldw. Nar- 


ROW PLUMEGRASS. (Fig. 1129.) Culms 
1 to 2 m. tall, relatively slender, 
glabrous; nodes hirsute with stiff 
erect deciduous hairs; foliage gla- 
brous, the lower sheaths narrow, 
crowded, the blades mostly 8 to 12 
mm. wide; panicle 20 to 40 cm. long, 


strict, the branches closely appressed ; 
spikelets brown, about 8 mm. long, 
scabrous, nearly naked to sparsely 
short-hairy at base; awn straight, 
about 15 mm. long; rachis joint and 
pedicel scabrous. 2 —Marshes 
and wet places, Coastal Plain, Vir- 


744 


FicurE 1129.—Erianthus strictus, X Y%. (Curtiss 
6, 


Fla.) 


ginia to Florida and Texas, north 
to Tennessee and southern Missouri. 

2. Erianthus contértus Baldw. ex 
Ell. BenT-AWN PLUMEGRASS. (Fig. 
1130.) Culms 1 to 2 m. tall, glabrous 
or sometimes sparsely appressed- 
pilose below the panicle; nodes gla- 
brous or pubescent with erect de- 
ciduous hairs; sheaths sparsely pilose 
at summit or glabrous; blades 1 to 
1.5 cm. wide, scabrous; panicle 15 
to 30 cm. long, narrow, the branches 
ascending but not closely appressed ; 
spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, brownish, 
basal hairs nearly or about as long 
as the spikelet, awn about 2 cm. long, 
spirally coiled at base; rachis joints 
and pedicels villous. 2 —Moist 
sandy pinelands or open ground, 
Coastal Plain, Maryland to Florida 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and Texas, north to Tennessee and 
Oklahoma. 

3. Erianthus alopecuroides  (L.) 
Ell. Siurver pLumMEGRass. (Fig. 1131.) 
Culms robust, 1.5 to 3 m. tall, ap- 
pressed-villous below the panicle, and 
usually on the nodes; sheaths pilose 
at the summit; blades 1.2 to 2 cm. 
wide, scabrous, pilose on upper sur- 
face toward the base; panicle 20 to 
30 cm. long, silvery to tawny or 
purplish; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long, 
pale, sparsely villous, shorter than 
the copious basal hairs; awn 1 to 1.5 
cm. long, flat, loosely twisted; rachis 
joint and pedicel long-villous, 2 (£. 
divaricatus Hitche.)—Damp_ woods, 
Open ground, and borders of fields, 


Figure 1130.—Erianthus contortus, X 4%. (Amer. Gr. 
Natl. Herb. 234, S. C.) 


Figure 1131.—Erianthus alopecuroides, X %. (Chase 
4213, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


southern New Jersey to southern 
Illinois, southern Missouri, and Okla- 
homa, south to Florida and Texas. 
ERIANTHUS ALOPECUROIDES Var. HIR- 
sttus Nash. Sheaths and lower sur- 
face of the blades appressed-hirsute. 
2 —North Carolina and Florida. 
_ 4, Erianthus brevibarbis Michx. 
(Fig. 1182.) Culms stout, nearly 2 
m. tall, with 9 or 10 nodes; glabrous; 
sheaths glabrous or sparingly pubes- 
cent at the summit; blades scabrous 
on the upper surface, pilose at the 
base, 1 to 1.5 cm. wide, the upper 
not reduced; panicle 35 cm. long, 
tawny brown, not conspicuously wool- 
ly; spikelets 6 to 7 mm. long; glumes 


Figure 1132.—Erianthus brevibarbis. Pair of spikelets 
Keerce and rachis joint, X 5. (Demaree 8228, 
rk. 


745 


FicuReE 1133.—Erianthus coarctatus. Pair of spikelets 
with pedicel and rachis Joint, X 5. (Type col- 
lection.) 


acuminate, glabrous or with a few 
long hairs on the inflexed margins, 
the spreading basal hairs about two- 
thirds as long as the spikelet; awn 
terete, straight or subflexuous, 1.5 
to 1.6 cm. long; rachis joint and 
pedicel sparsely long-pilose. 21 — 
Dry hills, southern Illinois (type) 
and Arkansas (Pulaski County); rare. 

5. Erianthus coarctatus Fernald. 
(Fig. 1133.) Culms relatively slender, 
75 to 150 cm. tall, subcompressed, 
the nodes bearded, appressed-pubes- 


746 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cent, or glabrescent; sheaths glabrous, 
the lower narrow, somewhat keeled; 
blades 3 to 10 mm. wide, scaberulous, 
the upper reduced; panicle 10 to 27 
cm. long, 2.5 to 4 cm. wide, purplish 
brown, not conspicuously woolly; 
spikelets 7 to 8 mm. long; glumes 
acuminate, scaberulous, the first 
sometimes with a few long hairs on 
the back, the second without hairs 
on the inflexed margins, the basal 
hairs about half as long as the spike- 
let; awn terete, straight, 1.5 to 2.3 
em. long, straight; rachis joint and 
pedicel somewhat angled, very sparse- 
ly short-pilose. 21 —Peaty, sandy, 


moist meadows and swales and mar- 
gin of swamps, Delaware, Maryland, 
Virginia, Georgia, and Florida (near 
Gainesville) ; insufficiently known, ap- 
parently rare. 


Figure 1134.—£rianthus coarctatus var. elliottianus. 
Racemes, X \%. (Hitchcock, N. C.) 


ERIANTHUS COARCTATUS var. EL- 
LIoTTIANUS Fernald. (Fig. 1134.) 
Taller and more robust, resembling 
E. brevibarbis, but nodes appressed- 
pubescent, upper blades mostly re- 
duced, the brownish panicle mostly 
smaller; spikelets 7 mm. long, more 
slender, as in E. coarctatus, the first 
glume usually with a few long hairs 
on the back, occasionally the second 
glume likewise, the margins without 
long hairs; awns, rachis joints, and 
pedicels as in E. coarctatus. 2 — 
Wet ground, swales, and pond bor- 
ders, North Carolina to Florida; 
Louisiana. 

This group is insufficiently known; 


the size of upper blade and pubes- 
cence on spikelets is not constant. 

6. Erianthus gigantéus (Walt.) 
Muhl. SuGARCANE PLUMEGRASS. (Fig. 
1135.) Culms 1 to 3 m. tall, ap- 
pressed-villous below the panicle, the 
nodes appressed-hispid, the hairs 
deciduous; sheaths and blades from 
nearly glabrous to shaggy appressed- 
villous, the blades 8 to 15 mm. wide; 
panicle 10 to 40 cm. long, oblong or 
ovoid, tawny to purplish; spikelets 
5 to 7 mm. long, sparsely long-villous 
on the upper part, shorter than the 
copious basal hairs; awn 2 to 2.5 
cm. long, terete, straight or slightly 
flexuous; rachis joint and _ pedicel 
long-pilose. 2 (EH. saccharoides 
Michx.)—Moist soil, Coastal Plain, 
New York to Florida and Texas, 
north to Kentucky; Cuba. A common 
form with relatively small compact 
panicles has been segregated as H. 
compactus Nash; a robust form with 
long, copiously silky, tawny panicle, 
as HE. tracyi Nash; and a form with 
rather looser panicle, the lower rachis 
joints longer than the spikelets, and 
pubescent foliage was described from 
Florida as E. laxus Nash. 

Erianthus ravénnae (L.) Beauv. 
RAVENNA Grass. (Fig. 11386.) Culms 
stout, as much as 4 m. tall; panicle 
as much as 60 cm. long, silvery 
(purplish in var. purpurdscens (An- 
derss.) Hack.); spikelets awnless or 
nearly so. 2 —Cultivated for 
ornament; hardy as far north as 
New York City; native of Europe. 
Established along irrigation ditches 
near Phoenix, Ariz. 


152. MICROSTEGIUM Nees 
(Included in # eae oe in Manual, 
ed. 


Spikelets in pairs, alike, perfect, 
on an articulate rachis, 1 sessile, 1 
pedicellate; racemes 1 to several, 
digitate or approximate; first glume 
suleate. Straggling annuals with flat 
lanceolate blades. Type species, M. 
willdenovianum Nees (M. viminewm 
(Trin.) A. Camus). Name from Greek 
micros, small, and stege, cover, prob- 
ably alluding to the minute lemma. 


747 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


¥e N 


\ 


Ho} 


— 


Ficure 1135.—Erianthus giganteus. Plant, X 4; spikelet with pedicel and rachis joint, X 5. (Langlois 96, La.) 


Figure 1138.—Arthraron hispidus var. cryptatherus, 
< 127 (Cult:) 


1. Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) 
A. Camus. (Fig. 1137.) Annual; culms 
slender, straggling, rooting at the 
nodes, 50 to 100 cm. long, freely 
branching; blades lanceolate, 3 to 8 
cm. long, 5 to 10 mm. wide; racemes 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


2 to 6, sometimes only 1, approx- 
imate; spikelets about 5 mm. long. 
© (Eulalia viminea (Trin.) Kuntze.) 
—Shaded banks and roadsides, Ohio, 
Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, 
Tennessee, and Alabama. Introduced 
from Asia. 

MIcROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM _ var. 
IMBERBE (Nees) Honda, an awned 
form, found in Berks County, Pa., 
and Greenville, Va. 


153. ARTHRAXON Beauv. 


Perfect spikelets usually awned, 
sessile, the secondary spikelet and 
its pedicel wanting or the pedicel 
(rarely a spikelet) developed only at 
the lower joints of the filiform ar- 
ticulate rachis; racemes terminating 
the branches of a dichotomously 
forking panicle, in appearance sub- 
digitate or fascicled. Usually low 
creeping grasses with broad cordate- 
clasping blades and subflabellate pan- 
icles. Type species, Arthraxon ciliaris 
Beauv. Name from Greek arthron, 
joint, and axon, axis, alluding to the 
jointed rachis. 

1. Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) 
Makino. Annual; culms _ slender, 
branching, decumbent or creeping, 20 
to 100 cm. long; sheaths hispid; 
blades ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 2 
to 5 cm. long, 5 to 15 mm. wide, 
ciliate toward base; panicles of few 
to several racemes, flabellate, con- 
tracting toward maturity, on filiform 
peduncles; rachis joints glabrous; 
spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, the strong 
nerves aculeate-scabrous; sterile lem- 
ma with a slender geniculate awn. 
© —Waste ground, rare, Maryland 
(near Washington, D. C.), Missouri 
(St. Louis), and Louisiana (Richland 
County). A. HISPIDUS var. cRYPTA- 
THERUS (Hack.) Honda. (Fig. 1138.) 
Spikelets slightly smaller; awn want- 
ing or included in the glumes. © 
—Pastures, lawns, and open ground 
in a few localities, Pennsylvania to 
Florida and Tennessee; Arkansas and 
Washington; introduced from the 
Orient. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 749 


154. ANDROPOGON L. Brarpacrass 


Spikelets in pairs at each node of an articulate rachis, one sessile and per- 
fect, the other pedicellate and either staminate, neuter, or reduced to the 
pedicel, the rachis and pedicels of the sterile spikelets often villous, sometimes 
conspicuously so; glumes of fertile spikelet coriaceous, narrow, the first 
rounded, flat, or concave on the back, the median nerve weak or wanting, the 
second laterally compressed; sterile lemma shorter than the glumes, empty, 
hyaline; fertile lemma hyaline, narrow, entire or bifid, usually bearing a bent 
and twisted awn from the apex or from between the lobes; palea hyaline, small 
or wanting; pedicellate spikelet awnless, sometimes staminate and about as 
large as the sessile spikelet, sometimes consisting of 1 or 2 reduced glumes, 
sometimes wanting, only the pedicel present. Rather coarse grasses (perennial 
in the United States), with solid culms, the spikelets arranged in racemes, these 
numerous, aggregate on an exserted peduncle, or single, in pairs, or sometimes 
in threes or fours, the common peduncle usually enclosed by a spathelike 
sheath, these sheaths often numerous, the whole forming a compound in- 
florescence, usually narrow, but sometimes in dense subcorymbose masses. 
Standard species, Andropogon distachyus L. Name from Greek aner (andr-), 
man, and pogon, beard, alluding to the villous pedicels of the staminate or 
sterile spikelets. 

Several of the species, especially in the Southwest, are regarded as good 
forage grasses but may soon become woody toward maturity and thus de- 
crease in value. Andropogon gerardi, big bluestem, is the most important con- 
stituent of the wild hay of the prairie States. The amount is decreasing 
rapidly because the rich land upon which it grows is being converted into 
cultivated fields. Little bluestem (A. scoparius) is also a common constituent 
of wild hay. 

Racemes solitary on each peduncle; rachis joints oblique and hollow at the summit. 
SEcTION 1. SCHIZACHYRIUM. 
Racemes 2 to numerous on each peduncle. 

Racemes 2 to several on each peduncle, digitate; joints of rachis slender, sometimes with 

asiallowsenoove on one sidee). i. 8 Se SECTION 2. ARTHROLOPHIS. 

Racemes several to numervus (rarely few) in a leafless panicle usually on a relatively long 

axis, the joints of the rachis flat, the margins thick and ciliate, the center very thin. 
Suction 3. AMPHILOPHIS. 


Section 1. Schizachyrium 


Blades slender, terete, the upper surface a mere groove.............------------------ 1. A. GRACILIS. 
Blades flat or folded, not terete. 
First glume of sessile spikelet pubescent: ho 3. A. HIRTIFLORUS. 


First glume of sessile spikelet glabrous. 
Internodes of rachis relatively thick, glabrous or ciliate at base and near apex only; 
racemes straight. 
Sessile spikelet 4 mm. long; blades about 1 mm. wide..........-....-....... 2. A. TENER. 
Sessile spikelet 6 to 9 mm. long; blades mostly 2 to 3 mm. wide. 
Sterile pedicel ciliate from below the middle to the apex; sterile spikelet about 3 


mm. long, the awn somewhat exserted...........-..-.--.------------ 4, A. SEMIBERBIS. 
Sterile pedicel ciliate only at the apex; sterile spikelet. about 5 mm. long, the awn 
WAIN oKORATMChUCCMs -eeer tN se 5. . A. CIRRATUS. 


Internodes of rachis and sterile pedicels slender, villous throughout or nearly so; 
racemes flexuous. 
Culms tufted; rhizomes wanting (base sometimes slightly rhizomatous in A. littoralvs). 
Sheaths and blades glabrous or nearly so (occasionally sparsely to conspicuously 
pilose in A. scoparius); pedicellate spikelet usually much reduced. 
Racemes nearly straight, densely villous, the hairs obscuring the rachis and 
spikelets; blades 5 to 9 cm. long, spreading paras saree aud 6. A. NIVEUS. 


ba | 
Or 


0 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Racemes flexuous, the hairs not obscuring the rachis and spikelets; blades more 
than 10 em. long, usually elongate. 
Racemes numerous in a dense flabellate but delicate inflorescence; sessile 
spikelet:bimm slong iso) ea asks fee aise eee 7. A. SERICATUS. 
Racemes relatively few in a narrow elongate inflorescence; sessile spikelet 
6 to 10 mm. long. 
Culms strictly erect; sessile spikelet 6 to 8 mm. long; hairs on the rachis 
and sterile pedicel inconspicuous..............-...-------------- 8. A. SCOPARIUS. 
Culms decumbent at the base, usually very glaucous; sessile spikelet about 
1 cm. long; hairs on the rachis and sterile pedicel rather prominent. 
9. A. LITTORALIS. 
Sheaths and blades villous; pedicellate spikelet prominent.... 10. A. DIVERGENS. 
Culms solitary or few together; creeping rhizomes developed. 
Sessile spikelet 8 to 10 mm. long; sterile spikelet mostly not much reduced. 
11. A. MARITIMUS. 
Sessile spikelet 5 to 7 mm. long; sterile spikelet much reduced. 
Rachis tortuous, the joints as long as the sessile spikelets; blades 1 to 3 mm. 


wide, at least some of them involute................-....------- 12. A. RHIZOMATUS. 
Rachis somewhat flexuous, but not conspicuously tortuous; blades mostly 3 to 
BM Mr WAde tl Btn tee eee eee ee ee 138. A. STOLONIFER. 


Section 2. Arthrolophis 


la. Pedicellate spikelet staminate, similar to the sessile spikelet, but awnless. an 
Rhizomes short or wanting; rachis joint and sterile pedicel ciliate, the joints short-hispid 


at base; awn of sessile spikelet 1 to 2 em. long...............20.....--.----- 14. A. GERARDI. 
Rhizomes well developed; rachis joint and sterile pedicel densely long-villous; awn of 
sessile spikelet rarely more than 5 mm. long, often obsolete_............ 15. A. HALLII. 


1b. Pedicellate spikelet reduced to 1 or 2 glumes, or obsolete, the pedicel only developed; 
racemes silky-villous. 
2a. Inflorescence very decompound, the profuse pairs of racemes aggregate in an elongate 
or corymbose mass; spathes rarely more than 2 mm. wide; pedicellate spikelet obso- 
lete (see also A. virginicus var. hirsutior)..........---.-----.---------------- 27. A. GLOMERATUS. 
2b. Inflorescence not conspicuously decompound nor dense (rather dense in A. virginicus 
var. hirsutior). 
3a. Peduncle not more than 1 cm. long, the dilated spathes exceeding the 2 (occasionally 
3 or 4) racemes. 
Upper sheaths inflated spathelike, aggregate, the late inflorescence a flabellate tuft. 
A. ELLIOTTII. 
Upper sheaths not inflated and aggregate. 
Blades of the innovations subfiliform; ligule acute, protruding from the folded 
blade; foliage usually glabrous..........-.-.-----2------- 23. A. PERANGUSTATUS. 
Blades 2 to 5 mm. wide; ligule minute, concealed within the folded blade; foliage 
from obscurely to conspicuously pubescent. 
Hairs of the racemes Copious. 2... 2. ee 22. A. LONGIBERBIS. 
Hairs of the racemes comparatively sparse. 
Rachis joints shorter than the spikelets; branches glabrous below the spathes. 
25. A. CAPILLIPES. 
Rachis joints usually as long as the spikelets; branches, at least some of them, 
bearded below the spathes ee. 2 aoe ee 26. A. VIRGINICUS. 
3b. Peduncles 2 cm. long or more. 
4a. Peduncles not more than 5 em. long, enclosed in the spathe or only slightly ex- 
serted (see also A. perangustatus). 
Racemes usually not more than 15 mm. long; ultimate branchlets capillary, spread- 
ing or recurved, long-villous at summit.................... 24. A. BRACHYSTACHYS. 
Racemes 2 to 5 em. long. 
Racemes 4 to 6 to a peduncle, tawny; sheaths villous..............-. 16. A. MOHRII. 
Racemes 2 to a peduncle, silvery or creamy white; sheaths glabrous or nearly so. 
Pairs of racemes numerous; spathes inconspicuous, at least some of the pe- 


duncles as much as 5 em. longs222 = Jos 20. A. FLORIDANUS. 
Pairs of racemes not more than 10 to a culm; spathes dilated; peduncles 1 to 
B\ CMs, LONG 5P.C a8 ae eel a ee ee ee 21. A. TRACY: 


4b. Peduncles or most of them 5 to 15 em. long, long-exserted (short-exserted pe- 
duncles intermixed with long in A. elliottii and A. subtenuis). 
Rachis joints longer than the spikelets; racemes 5 to 10 em. long, conspicuously 
slendeniand Hexuous: as =e re eee eee 30. A. CAMPYLORACHEUS. 
Rachis joints not longer than the spikelets; racemes not more than 7 cm. long, 
usually not more than 5 cm. 


751 


Upper sheaths inflated, overlapping, conspicuous.................. 29. A. BLUIOTTII. 
Upper sheaths not inflated, overlapping, nor conspicuous. 
Spikelets 4 mm. long; racemes very flexuous, the rachis joints nearly as long 
asniherspikele tow usm wre sete i Gel de Oe se 29. A. SUBTENUIS. 
Spikelets 5 to 7 mm. long; racemes slightly or not at all flexuous, the rachis 
joints distinctly shorter than the spikelets. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Sessile spikelets about 5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. wide, the glume deeply 
grooved; hairs of racemes not obscuring the spikelets. 


19. A. ARCTATUS. 


Sessile spikelets somewhat more than 5 mm. long, 1 to 1.5 mm. wide, the 
glume concave but not grooved; hairs of racemes conspicuous to 


copious. 


Racemes copiously long-villous, the hairs about twice as long as the 
spikelet and obscuring it; first glume of sessile spikelet nerveless and 


glabrous between the keels.................2..-------------- 18 


A. TERNARIUS. 


Racemes not copiously villous, the hairs about as long as the spikelet, not 
obscuring it; first glume of sessile spikelet scabrous and often 2- 
nerved between the keels.............-..---.-------------------- 17. A. CABANISIL. 


Section 3. Amphilophis 


Racemes 3 to 7, not conspicuously woolly; pedicellate spikelet about as large as the sessile 


one. Sessile sp'kelet often pitted.............. 


A. WRIGHTII. 


Racemes few to many, conspicuously woolly; pedicellate spikelet reduced. 
Panicle subflabellate, often short-exserted or included at base in a dilated sheath; racemes 
few to many on a relatively short axis; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. long. 


33. A. BARBINODIS. 


Panicle oblong, usually long-exserted; racemes numerous on a long axis; spikelets 3.5 to 


6 mm. long. 


First glume of sessile spikelet pitted........ 
First glume of sessile spikelet not pitted. 
Spikeletsiawmed #7b- 82 ee 
Spikeletsyawmless 65... 2 


Section 1. ScuizacnYyrrum (Nees) Trin. 


Branching perennials; racemes soli- 
tary on each peduncle; rachis 
joints tapering to base, the apex 
oblique and hollow; sessile spike- 
lets awned, the awns twisted, 
geniculate. 

1. Andropogon gracilis Spreng. 
(Fig. 1139.) Culms slender, wiry, 
densely tufted, erect, glabrous, 20 to 
60 cm. tall; blades terete, filiform; 
peduncles few to several, filiform, 
long-exserted, with a tuft of long 
white hairs at summit; raceme 2 to 
4 cm. long, silvery white; rachis 
slender, flexuous, copiously long- 
villous; sessile spikelet about 5 mm. 
long, the awn 1 to 2 em. long; pedicel- 
late spikelet reduced to an awned 
or awnless glume, the pedicel very 
villous. 2 —Rocky pine woods 
southern Florida; West Indies. 

2. Andropogon téner (Nees) Kunth. 
(Fig. 1140.) Culms slender, tufted, 
sometimes reclining or decumbent, 
60 to 100 cm. long, the upper half 


32. A. PERFORATUS. 


34. A. SACCHAROIDES. 
35. A. EXARISTATUS. 


Friaurs 1139.—Andropogon gracilis, X 1. (Hitchcock 
682, Fla.) 


rather sparingly branching; blades 
scarcely 1 mm. wide, flat or loosely 
involute, often sparingly long-pilose 
on upper surface near base; raceme 
finally long-exserted, slender, sub- 
terete, glabrous, 2 to 6 cm. long; 


FigURE Se omeg enecen eal xX 1. (Rolfs 986, 
a. 


sessile spikelet about 4 mm. long, 
the awn 7 to 10 mm. long; 2 — 
Dry pine woods and prairies, Coastal 
Plain, Georgia to Florida, Texas, 
and Oklahoma; tropical America. 

3. Andropogon hirtifl6rus (Nees) 
Kunth. (Fig. 1141.) Culms tufted, 
60 to 120 em. tall, erect, reddish, the 
upper half sparingly branching; foliage 
often glaucous, the blades 2 to 4 mm. 
wide; raceme 6 to 10 cm. long, the 


Figure 1141.—Andropogon hirtiflorus, X 1. (Chase 
4193, Fla.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


base often included in the somewhat 
dilated sheath, the rachis joints, 
pedicels, and first glume of sessile 
spikelet pubescent, the rachis 
straight; sessile spikelet about 6 mm. 
long, the awn 10 to 15 mm. long; 
pedicellate spikelets much reduced, 
short-awned. 2 (A. oligostachyum 
Chapm.)—Pine woods, southern 
Georgia and Florida; tropical Amer- 
ica. ANDROPOGON HIRTIFLORUS var. 


‘DENSIS (Fourn.) Hack. Blades sca-. 


brous; sessile spikelet as much as 9 
mm. long, the first glume minutely 
papillose, the pubescence less copious. 
21 —Canyons and rocky slopes, 
western Texas to Arizona; Mexico. 


Figure 1142.— Andro- Fiaure 1143.—Andropogon 
pogon semiberbis, X 1. _cirratus, X 1. (Greene 406, 
(C. H. Baker 327, N. Mex.) 

Fla.) 


4, Andropogon semibérbis (Nees) 
Kunth. (Fig. 1142.) Culms usually 
in rather small tufts, 60 to 120 cm. 
tall, erect, pinkish, compressed, the 
upper third to half freely branching; 
blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, glabrous; 
raceme 5 to 8 em. long, the base 
often included in the sheath, the 
rachis straight, the joints short- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


hispid at base with erect hairs; sessile 
spikelet about 6 mm. long, the awn 
10 to 15 mm. long; pedicellate spike- 
let much reduced, short-awned, the 
pedicel more or less ciliate on one 
margin. 2 —Pine woods, Florida; 
tropical America. 

5, Andropogon cirratus Hack. 
TEXAS BEARDGRASS. (Fig. 1143.) 
Plants pale, glaucous to purplish; 
culms slender, tufted, 30 to 70 cm. 
tall, erect, the upper half sparingly 
branching; blades flat, 1 to 4 mm. 
wide, usually scabrous; raceme ex- 
serted, 3 to 6 cm. long, the rachis 
straight; sessile spikelet 8 to 9 mm. 
long, the awn 5 to 10 mm. long; 
pedicellate spikelet scarcely reduced, 
awnless, the pedicel stiffly ciliate on 
one side near the summit. 21 — 
Canyons and rocky slopes, western 
Texas to Arizona and southern Cali- 
fornia (Jamacha); northern Mexico. 

6. Andropogon niveus Swallen. 
(Fig. 1144.) Culms 50 to 65 cm. tall, 
slender, erect in small tufts; sheaths 
narrow, keeled, glabrous; blades 5 to 
9 cm. long, 1 to 2 mm. wide, flat, 
spreading or reflexed; raceme 3 to 4 
em. long, the rachis nearly straight 
or somewhat flexuous, the joints very 
densely villous; sessile spikelet 5 to 
6 mm. long, the first glume glabrous, 
obscurely bifid at the summit, 2- 
nerved between the keels; awn about 
1 cm. long, tightly twisted below the 
bend; pedicellate spikelet 3 mm. 
long, the pedicel densely villous. 2 
—Open sandy woods, central Florida. 

7. Andropogon sericatus Swallen. 
(Fig. 1145.) Culms 50 to 80 em. tall, 
slender, tufted, erect, profusely 
branching in the upper half; sheaths 
keeled, glabrous, mostly shorter than 
the internodes; blades of the inno- 
vations subfiliform, 10 to 20 cm. 
long, the culm blades broader, 2 to 3 
mm. wide, folded; spathes very in- 
conspicuous; peduncles filiform, 4 to 
6 cm. long; raceme 3 cm. long, 
scarcely exserted, the rachis flexuous, 
conspicuously hairy; sessile spikelet 
5 mm. long, the first glume prom- 
inently 2-keeled, suleate; awn 15 to 


753 


Figure 1144.—Andropogon niveus, X 1. (Type.) 


Figure 1145.—Andropogon sericatus, X 1. (Type.) 


20 mm. long, geniculate, tightly 
twisted below the bend; pedicellate 
spikelet 3 to 4 mm. long, including 
the short awn. 2 —Ramrod Key, 
Fla. 

8. Andropogen scoparius Michx. 
LITTLE BLUESTEM. (Fig. 1146.) Plants 
green or glaucous, often purplish, 
culms tufted, from slender to robust, 
compressed, 50 to 150 cm. tall, erect, 
the upper half freely branching; 
sheaths and blades commonly gla- 
brous or nearly so, frequently sparse- 
ly pilose at their junction, rarely 
pubescent to villous throughout, the 


754 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


FicureE 1146.—Andropogon scoparius. Plant, X 4; pair of spikelets, X 5. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 268, D. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


blades 3 to 6 mm. wide, flat; raceme 
3 to 6 em. long, mostly curved, the 
filiform peduncles mostly wholly or 
partly included in the sheaths, com- 
monly spreading, the rachis slender, 
flexuous, pilose, sometimes copiously 
so; sessile spikelet mostly 6 to 8 mm. 
long, scabrous, the awn 8 to 15 mm. 
long; pedicellate spikelet usually re- 
duced, short-awned, spreading, the 
pedicel pilose. 2 —Prairies, open 
woods, dry hills, and fields, Quebec 
and Maine to Alberta and Idaho, 
south to Florida and Arizona. A form 
with villous foliage has been segre- 
gated as A. scoparius var. villosissumus 
Kearney (Schizachyrium villosissimum 
Nash). Schizachyrium acuminatum 
Nash was described from a specimen, 
otherwise typical, having spikelets 
10 mm. long. Specimens with spike- 
lets 4.5 to 6 mm. long and reduced 
sterile spikelets have been differen- 
tiated as var. frequens Hubb., and 
northern specimens with few racemes, 
relatively distant spikelets 7 to 8 
mm. long, and sterile spikelets, in- 
cluding awn, 6.5 to 10 mm. long, as 
var. septentrionalis Fern. and Grisc. 
Specimens from Virginia to South 
Carolina, collected from June 8 to 
September 13, have been segregated 
as Andropogon praematurus Fernald. 

ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS Var. NEO- 
MEXICANUS (Nash) Hitche. (Fig. 1147.) 
Rachis and pedicels copiously villous, 
the rachis mostly nearly straight. In 
the Southwest the species verges into 
this variety. 2 (Schizachyrium 
neomexicanum Nash.)—Sandy soil 
and rocky hills, Texas to Arizona. 

9. Andropogon littora is Nash. (Fig. 
1148.) Resembling A. scoparius, but 
culms more compressed, with broad, 
keeled, overlapping lower sheaths, 
often bluish-glaucous, the flat tufts 
crowded on a slender rhizome, de- 
cumbent or bent at base; blades 4 

15 There are numerous collections of A. scoparius 
throughout its range made in June, July, and August. 

- praematurus, with a single pedicellate spikelet at 
each joint of the rachis, was differentiated from A. 
scoparius, which is said to have 2 pedicels. In A. sco- 
parius, as in all species of Andropogon, each rachis 
joint bears 1 sessile and 1 pedicellate spikelet. The 


second “truncate ” pedicel described was undoubtedly 
a rachis joint from which a sessile spikelet had fallen. 


759 


Figure 1147.—Andropogon scoparius var. neomexi- 
canus, X 1 (Wooton, N. Mex.) 


to 6 mm. wide; rachis joints and 
pedicels copiously long-villous. 2 
—Sandy shores, Ontario; Massachu- 
setts and Staten Island, N. Y., to 
North Carolina; Ohio (Sandusky); 
Indiana (sand dunes of Lake Michi- 
gan); southeastern Texas. A short 
specimen without rhizomes and with 
a rather crowded inflorescence, from 
Elizabeth Islands, Mass., has been 
described as A. scopartus var. ducis 
Fern. and Grisc. 

10. Andropogon divérgens (Hack.) 
Anderss. ex Hitche. (Fig. 1149.) 
Culms rather robust, 80 to 120 cm. 
tall, sparingly branching toward the 
summit; sheaths grayish villous, the 
lower crowded, compressed-keeled; 
blades rather firm, 3 to 6 mm. wide, 
villous, elongate, flat or folded; ra- 
ceme mostly 3 to 4 cm. long, mostly 
6- to 8-jointed, rather stout, usually 
partly included, the rachis slightly to 
strongly flexuous, rather stout, the 
joints long-ciliate on the upper half, 
rarely throughout, and with a short 
tuft of hairs at the summit, the 
pedicel long-ciliate on the upper half; 
sessile spikelet 6 to 8 mm. long, mi- 
nutely roughened, the awn 5 to 10 
mm. long; pedicellate spikelet about 
as long as the sessile one, the first 


756 


y 


Figure 1148.—Andropogon a X 1. (Burk, 
N. J. 


glume awn-tipped. 2 —Pinelands, 
Mississippi to Arkansas and Texas. 

11. Andropogon maritimus Chapm. 
(Fig. 1150.) Culms solitary, com- 
pressed, ascending from a decumbent, 
short-noded base, 50 to 60 cm. long, 
branching toward the ends, and with 
long creeping rhizomes; sheaths over- 
lapping on the short internodes, 
strongly keeled, commonly reddish; 
blades 3 to 5 mm. wide, often folded 
and reflexed, the midnerve deeply 
impressed; raceme 4 to 6 cm. long, 
the base included in the dilated 
sheath, the rachis very flexuous, the 
joints and pedicels copiously long- 
ciliate except at base; sessile spikelet 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


8 to 10 mm. long, the awn 8 to 12 
mm. long; pedice'late spikelet scarce- 
ly reduced, short-awned. 2 — 


Ficure 1149.—Andropogon divergens, X 1. (Tharp 
3094, Tex.) 


Figure 1150.—Andropogon maritimus, X 1. (Chap- 
man, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES (57 


Sandy ground along the Gulf coast, 
western Florida, Mississippi (Horn 
Island), and Louisiana (Last Island). 

12. Andropogon rhizomatus Swal- 
len. (Fig. 1151.) Culms 50 to 70 cm. 
tall, scattered or in small dense tufts, 
erect from short rhizomes, sparingly 
branching above the middle; sheaths 
rounded or obscurely keeled, much 
longer than the internodes; blades 10 
to 25 cm. long, 1 to 3 mm. wide, flat or 
loosely involute, glabrous; raceme 2 to 
3 cm. long, strongly flexuous, partly 
enclosed or exserted from the very in- 
conspicuous spathe; peduncles 3 to 7 
cm. long; sessile spikelet 5 to 6 mm. 
long, the first glume rounded on the 
back, obscurely keeled near the sum- 
mit; awn 8 to 10 mm. long, geniculate, 
twisted .below the bend; pedicellate 
spikelet 2 to 38 mm. long. 2 — 
Rocky ground, southern Florida. 

13. Andropogon stolénifer (Nash) 
Hitche. (Fig. 1152.) Resembling A. 
scoparius; culms as much as 1.5 m. 
tall, solitary or few in a tuft, with 
slender, creeping scaly rhizomes; foli- 
age glabrous to villous, the blades flat, 
as much as 5mm. wide; racemes 3 to 4 
em. long, the slender rachis joints and 
pedicels silky villous; first glume of 
both sessile and pedicellate spikelets 
sometimes bifid at apex; sessile spike- 
let 5 to 7 mm. long, scabrous, especi- 
ally toward the summit and on the 
margins. 2 (Schizachyrium — tri- 
aristatum Nash.)—Sandy woods, 
southern Georgia, Florida, and Ala- 
bama. 


SECTION 2. ARTHROLOPHIS Trin. 


Branching perennials; racemes 2 to 
few on each peduncle; rachis 
joints slender, mostly pubescent; 
sessile spikelet awned. 

14, Andropogon gerardi Vitman. 
Bia BLUESTEM. (Fig. 1153.) Plants 
often glaucous; culms robust, often 
in large tufts, sometimes with short 
rhizomes, 1 to 2 m. tall, usually 
sparingly branching toward the sum- 
mit; lower sheaths and blades some- 
times villous, occasionally densely so, 
the blades flat, elongate, mostly 5 to 


Figure 1152.—Andropogon stolonifer, XK 1. (Fred- 
holm, 6122 Fla.) 


10 mm. wide, the margins very sca- 
brous; racemes on the long-exserted 
terminal peduncle mostly 3 to 6, 
fewer on the branches, 5 to 10 cm. 
long, usually purplish, sometimes 
yellowish; rachis straight, the joints 
and pedicels stiffly ciliate on one or 
both margins, the joints hispid at 
base; sessile spikelet 7 to 10 mm. 
long, the first glume slightly sulcate, 
usually scabrous, the awn geniculate 
and tightly twisted below, 1 to 2 
em. long; pedicellate spikelet not 


758 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1153.—Andropogon gerardi. Plant, X %; pair of spikelets, X 5. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 255, D. C.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 759 


reduced, or but slightly so, awnless, 
staminate. 2 —(A. provincialis 
Lam. not Retz., A. furcatus Muhl.)— 
Dry soil, prairies and open woods, 
Quebec and Maine to Saskatchewan 
and Montana, south to Florida, Wyo- 
ming, Utah, and Arizona; Mexico. An 
important forage grass in the prairie 
States of the Mississippi Valley, and 
a constituent of prairie hay. 

15. Andropogon hallii Hack. Sanp 
BLUESTEM. (Fig. 1154.) Resembling 
A. gerardi, but with creeping rhi- 
zomes; racemes conspicuously villous, 
the hairs grayish to pale golden; 
awn of sessile spikelet rarely more 
than 5 mm. long, often obsolete. 2 
—Sand hills and sandy soil, North 
Dakota and eastern Montana to 
Texas, Wyoming, Utah, and Arizona; 
Iowa. Intergrades with A. gerardi. A 
form with yellow-villous racemes and 
awns 5 to 10 mm. long has been 
segregated as A. chrysocomus Nash. 

16. Andropogon mohrii (Hack.) 
Hack. ex Vasey. (Fig. 1155.) Culms 
stout, compressed, tufted, erect, 80 
to 130 cm. tall, the upper half 
sparingly to rather freely branching; 
leaves villous, the lower sheaths 


Figure 1155.—Andropogon mohrii, * 1. (Mohr, Ala.) 


strongly keeled and glabrous at base, 
the blades elongate, 3 to 5 mm. wide; 
inflorescence narrow, the branches 
approximate, the ultimate branchlets 
short, densely bearded at summit, 
the purplish spathes 4 to 6 cm. long; 


Figure 1154.—Andropogon hallii, * 1. (Hitchcock 


584, Kans.) 


Fiaure 1156.—Andropogon cabanisit, * 1. (Fredholm 
6416, Fla.) 


760 


racemes mostly 4, tawny, 2 to 4 cm. 
long, on peduncles mostly about 2 
cm. long, or the terminal ones some- 
times long-exserted; rachis scarcely 
flexuous, the joints shorter than the 
spikelets, copiously long-villous; 
sessile spikelet 4 to 5 mm. long, the 
awn loosely twisted below, 1.5 to 2 
em. long; pedicel long-villous, the 
spikelet reduced to a minute glume. 
2} —Wet pine woods and sandy 
seacoast, Virginia to Georgia and 
Louisiana. 


Figure 1157.—Andropogon ternarius, X 1. (Chase 
4557, NC.) 


17. Andropogon cabanisii Hack. 
(Fig. 1156.) Culms in small tufts, 
erect, 80 to 150 cm. tall, the upper 
half bearing long slender branches; 
sheaths villous to nearly glabrous; 
blades 2 to 3 mm. wide; inflorescence 
loose; racemes 2, pale grayish tawny, 
with about 15 joints, 4 to 7 em. long, 
on slender long-exserted peduncles, 
the spathes narrow, inconspicuous, or 
a few occasionally dilated; rachis not 
flexuous or but slightly so, the joints 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


shorter than the spikelets, long- 
villous; sessile spikelets 6 to 7 mm. 
long, the first glume firm, scabrous 
and often 2-nerved between the keels, 
the awn twisted below, about 1.5 
em. long; pedicel long-villous, the 
spikelet reduced to a slender glume 
or obsolete. 21 —Dry pine woods, 
peninsular Florida. 

18. Andropogon ternarius Michx. 
(Fig. 1157.) Culms tufted, erect, 80 
to 120 cm. tall, the upper half to 
two-thirds branching, the branches 
usually long, slender and erect; leaves 
often purplish-glaucous, glabrous, or 
the lower loosely villous, the blades 
2 to 4 mm. wide; inflorescence elon- 
gate, loose, of few to many pairs of 
silvery to creamy or grayish feathery 
racemes, usually on long-exserted 
peduncles from slender inconspicuous 
spathes, some of the lateral peduncles 
often short, from dilated spathes, 
rarely most of them so; racemes 3 to 
6 em. long, with mostly less than 12 
joints, the rachis not flexuous, the 
joints shorter than the _ spikelets, 
copiously long-villous; sessile spike- 
lets 5 to 7 mm. long, glabrous and 
nerveless between the keels, the awn 
twisted below, 1.5 to 2 cm. long; 


FIGURE OS ee eon OUOr Sates X 1. (Chapman, 
A a, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


stamens 3; pedicel long-villous, the 
spikelet obsolete or nearly so. 2 


—Dry sandy soil, open woods, mostly 


Coastal Plain, Delaware to Kentucky 
and Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas. Variable in the density and 
length of pubescence on the rachis 
and pedicels, the less hairy specimens 
verging toward A. arctatus. 

19. Andropogon arctatus Chapm. 
(Fig. 1158.) Resembling A. ternarzus; 
culms 1 to 1.5 m. tall; the blades 
often wider and firmer; branches of 
the inflorescence rather more slender; 
racemes 3 to 5 cm. long, tawny; 
sessile spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, 
brown, the awn 1 to 5 cm. long; 
first glume concave, the pale or 
tawny hairs of rachis and pedicels 
shorter and less copious than in A. 
ternarius; sessile spikelet 5 mm. long, 
0.5 mm. wide, the glume grooved; 
stamen 1. 2 -—Low pine woods, 
Florida. 

20. Andropogon floridanus Scribn. 
(Fig. 1159.) Culms often stout, 1 to 
1.8 m. tall; the upper one-third to 
half bearing long slender branches; 
blades elongate, 2 to 6 mm. wide; 
inflorescence loosely subcorymbose of 
usually numerous pairs of silvery- 


FIGURE ep earopegen eens X 1. (Type 
coll. 


761 


white to creamy racemes on sub- 
capillary peduncles, mostly 2 to 8 
em. long, included in very slender 
spathes or exserted, the ultimate 
branchlets filiform, often long-ciliate 
toward the summit; racemes 3 to 4 
em. long, the slender rachis not 
flexuous, the joints a little shorter 
than the spikelets, rather copiously 
long-villous; sessile spikelets 4 to 4.5 
mm. long, the delicate awn straight, 
6 to 10 mm. long; pedicel long- 
villous, the spikelet obsolete. 2 — 


Ficgurn 1160.—Andropogon tracyi, X 1. (Type.) 


762 
Low pine woods, Florida. An oc- 
casional peduncle bears 3 racemes. 

21. Andropogon tracyi Nash. (Fig. 
1160.) Culms in small tufts, slender, 
erect, the upper third sparingly 
branching; sheaths keeled, narrow, 
glabrous or nearly so; blades 2 to 3 
mm. wide, sometimes ciliate toward 
base; inflorescence of 8 to 10 rela- 
tively distant racemes, the slender 
ultimate branches often recurved, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cence on the average less compound, 
the racemes mostly 3, more copiously 
long-villous, the spikelets 4 to 4.5 
mm. long. 2 M—Pine woods, Geor- 
gia and Florida. Intergrades with A. 
virginicus. 

23. Andropogon perangustatus 
Nash. (Fig. 1162.) Culms in small 
tufts, slender, wiry, erect, the upper 
third to half sparingly branching; 
lower sheaths keeled, very narrow, 


FicurE 1161.—Andropogon longiberbis, X 1. (Garber, Fla.) 


the dilated spathes 4 to 6 cm. long, 
attenuate below, the enclosed pe- 
duncle 1 to 3 cm. long; ultimate 
branchlets long-bearded toward the 
summit; racemes 2 or 3, feathery, 2 
to 4 ecm. long, the very slender 
flexuous rachis and the pedicel copi- 
ously long-villous; sessile  spikelet 
about 4 mm. long, the awn loosely 
twisted below, 1 to 2 cm. long; 
pedicellate spikelet obsolete. 2 — 
Pine woods, Georgia and Florida to 
Louisiana. Resembling A. longzberbis, 
mostly more slender and with nearly 
glabrous foliage. 

22. Andropogon longibérbis Hack. 
(Fig. 1161.) Resembling A. virginicus; 
sheaths, especially of the innovations, 
appressed grayish-villous; inflores- 


FicurE 1162.—Andropogon per- 
angustatus, X 1. (Fredholm 
6072, Fla.) 


occasionally sparsely villous; ligule 
about 1.5 mm. long, firm; blades 
mostly folded, subfiliform, flexuous, 
glabrous or rarely pilose; inflores- 
cence slender, of few to several 
racemes, resembling that of slender 
specimens of A. virginicus, the pe- 
duncles usually short but the spathes 
sometimes attenuate to base, the 
peduncle 1 to 2 cm. long; racemes 
as in A. virginicus. 21 —Bogs and 
moist pine woods, Florida and Mis- 
Sissippi. 

24. Andropogon brachystachys 
Chapm. (Fig. 1163.) Culms tufted, 
erect, 1 to 1.5 m. tall, the upper 
half loosely branching; sheaths crowd- 
ed at base, broad, strongly keeled; 
blades mostly folded, 4 to 6 mm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


wide; inflorescence decompound, 
loose, the ultimate capillary branch- 
lets commonly recurved, long-villous 
toward the summit; spathes slender, 
the long peduncles often exserted 
from the summit; racemes 2, flexuous, 
mostly 1 to 1.5 cm. long, the rachis 
joint and pedicel long-villous; sessile 
spikelet about 4 mm. long, the awn 
scarcely 1 cm. long. 2 —Moist 
pine woods, southern Georgia and 
Florida. The racemes are frequently 
affected by a smut, making them 
shorter and denser, reducing the size 
of the spikelet and the awn. The 
inflorescence resembles that of A. 
capillipes, but the racemes mostly 
more numerous; the ultimate branch- 
lets are long-villous toward the sum- 
mit and the spikelets larger. 

25. Andropogon capillipes Nash. 
(Fig. 1164.) Plants conspicuously 
glaucous; culms tufted, slender, erect, 
60 to 100 cm. tall, the upper third to 
half with few to several slender 
branches; sheaths crowded at base, 


Figure 1163.—Andropogon brachystachys, * 1. (Cur- 
tiss 3632, Fla.) 


763 


Ficure 1164.—Andropogon capillipes, K 1. (Curtiss 
3638b, Fla.) 


keeled, chalky-glaucous; blades most- 
ly folded, 2 to 4 mm. wide; inflores- 
cence narrow but loose, the branches 
often flexuous to zigzag, the ultimate 
capillary branchlets finally spreading 
or recurved, glabrous, the dilated 
purplish-brown spathes 2 to 3.5 cm. 
long, glabrous; racemes 2, less flexu- 
ous than in A. wirginicus, 1 to 2.5 
em. long; rachis joint about half as 
long as the sessile spikelet, the pedicel 
about equaling the spikelet, both 
copiously long-villous; sessile spike- 
let 3 mm. long, the delicate straight 
awn about. s..cm. long, 2) 
Sandy pine and oak woods, southern 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and 
Florida. 

26. Andropogon virginicus _—_L. 
BroomsepGe. (Fig. 1165.) Culms 
erect, 50 to 100 cm. tall, usually in 
rather small tufts, the upper two- 
thirds mostly freely branching; lower 
sheaths compressed, keeled, equitant; 
sheaths glabrous or more or less 
pilose along the margins, occasionally 
conspicuously so; ligule strongly cil- 
iate; blades flat or folded, 2 to 5 mm. 
wide, pilose on the upper surface 
toward base; inflorescence elongate, 
narrow, the 2 to 4 racemes 2 to 3 
em. long, partly included and shorter 
than the inflated tawny to bronze 


764 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Nt 


FicuRE 1165.—Andropogon virginicus. Plant, X 44; spikelet with rachis joint and pedicel, X 5. (Earle 4, Ala.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 765 


spathes; rachis very slender, flexuous, 
long-villous; sessile spikelet about 3 
mm. long, the delicate straight awn 
1 to 2 em. long; pedicel long-villous, 
its spikelet obsolete or nearly so. 2 
—QOpen ground, old fields, open 
woods, sterile hills, and sandy soil, 
Massachusetts, New York, Michigan, 
and Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas; California; Mexico, Central 
America, West Indies. ANDROPOGON 
VIRGINICUS var. HIRSUTIOR (Hack.) 
Hitche. Flowering branches more nu- 
merous than in the species, the in- 
- florescence often rather dense, re- 
sembling that of A. glomeratus, but 
the spathes mostly larger and the 
peduncles usually shorter. 2 — 
Moist meadows and old fields, Flor- 
ida to Texas; Tennessee; Oklahoma; 
Mexico. Intergrades with A. wir- 
ginicus and appears to be intermedi- 
ate between that and A. glomeratus. 
ANDROPOGON VIRGINICUS var. GLAU- 
copsis (HIl.) Hitche. Resembling the 
species, but foliage, especially the 
lower sheaths, very glaucous; inflor- 
escence sometimes as dense as in var. 
hirsutior, the spathes dull purple. 2 
(A. glaucopsis Nash.)—Moist sandy 
soil and low pine barrens, Virginia 
to Florida and Mississippi. 

27. Andropogon glomeratus (Walt. ) 
B. 8. P. Busuy Brarparass. (Fig. 
1166.) Culms erect, 50 to 150 cm. 
tall, compressed, with broad keeled 
overlapping lower sheaths, the flat 
tufts often forming dense, usually 
glaucous clumps, the culms from 
freely to bushy-branching toward the 
summit; sheaths occasionally villous; 
blades elongate, 3 to 8 mm. wide; 
inflorescence dense, feathery, from 
flabellate to oblong, the paired ra- 
cemes | to 3 cm. long, about equaling 
the slightly dilated spathes, the en- 
closed peduncle and ultimate branch- 
lets long-villous, the peduncle at 
least 5 mm. long, often longer; rachis 
very slender, flexuous, long-villous; 
sessile spikelets 3 to 4 mm. long, the 
awoestraicot, 1 to 1:5. .cm. long; 
sterile spikelet reduced to a subulate 


tps a 
a a 
iv j “Ls 
=X SS I 


Figure 1166.—Andropogon glomeratus, branchlet of 
inflorescence, X 1. (Hitchcock 437, Fla.) 


glume or wanting, the pedicel slender, 
long-villous. 2 —Low moist 
ground, marshes, and swamps, Massa- 
chusetts to Florida, west to Ken- 


= >. 


— oF Wt Oe < 
= —— fa AYA \S Ss ~ 
= WA iN 7 
- ——. ig sa = N Uf = ~ 
SU EZ sept 
L———— = = Voy 
SSS == WN = 
ps amma = —sS ne 
= '\ as Z h 
a pa yy = 
~=y> y = KAAS A> 
1 y \ = *- 
Das \ 
Vp 


Figure 1167.—Andropogon elliottii, < 1. (Commons 
115, Del.) : 


766 


tucky, southern California, and Ne- 
vada; West Indies, Yucatan, Central 
America. 

28. Andropogon  ellidttii Chapm. 
ELLIOTT BEARDGRASS. (Fig. 1167.) 
Culms tufted, erect, 30 to 80 cm. 
tall, at first nearly simple, later 
branching toward the summit; lower 
sheaths keeled, rather narrow, com- 
monly loosely pilose, those near the 
summit inflated and_ spathelike, 
crowded, the very short internodes 
densely bearded; blades flat, 3 to 4 
mm. wide; primary inflorescence of 
few to several racemes, mostly in 
pairs, rarely threes or fours, on 
filiform, often strongly flexuous pe- 
duncles, long-exserted from incon- 
spicuous spathes, these on slender 
branchlets borne in the axils of the 
broad spathelike sheaths of the main 
culm; secondary inflorescence of nu- 
merous pairs of racemes on. short 
peduncles subtended by broad spathes, 
these on short, bearded, often fas- 
cicled, branchlets borne in the axils 
of the spathelike sheaths of the main 
culm and short primary branches, 
the whole forming a series of flabellate 
tufts with conspicuous purplish to 
copper-brown spathes, 5 to 10 mm. 
wide, much exceeding the feathery 
racemes; racemes flexuous, 3 to 4 
rarely to 5 cm. long, the slender 
rachis joints and pedicels long-villous; 
sessile spikelets 4 to 5 mm. long, 
those of the late enclosed racemes 
cleistogamous, the awn loosely twist- 
ed, 10 to 15 mm. long; pedicellate 
spikelets obsolete or nearly so. 2 
—Open ground, old fields, and open 
woods, mostly on the Coastal Plain, 
New Jersey to Florida and Texas, 
north to southern Missouri, Illinois, 
Indiana, and Ohio; British Honduras. 
The flattened ferruginous upper 
sheaths are conspicuous in winter. 
The characteristic plant is very 
striking, but occasional individuals 
occur with less aggregate upper 
sheaths, and others with scarcely di- 
lated sheaths, aggregate or scarcely 
aggregate. This form, which has been 
distinguished as A. elliottit var. graci- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


lior Hack., appears to merge into A. 
subtenuis Nash. 

29. Andropogon subténuis Nash. 
(Fig. 1168.) Culms in small tufts, 
slender, erect, 40 to 70 cm. tall, the 
upper third sparingly branching; 
foliage glabrous or nearly so, the 
blades 1.5 to 2 mm. wide; inflores- 
cence narrow, of few to several pairs 
of racemes on elongate filiform pe- 
duncles short-exserted from near the 


eS 


; 3 
aN INS 
ee 


Ficure 1168.—Andropogon subtenuis, X 1. (Tracy 
4701, Miss.) 


summit of the elongate slender spathe, 
the ultimate branches sometimes 
long-villous toward the summit; ra- 
cemes 2, flexuous, 2 to 3 cm. long, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


very like the primary racemes of A. 
elliottit; spikelets 4 mm. long. Q 
—Dry sandy soil, northern Florida 
to Louisiana. Possibly a form of A. 
elliottz? in which the enlarged sheaths 
and cleistogamous inflorescence are 
not developed. 

30. Andropogon campyloracheus 
Nash. (Fig. 1169.) Culms tufted, 
erect, 40 to 80 cm. tall, simple or 
with a few branches about the middle; 


x 1 


FigurRE 1169.—Andropogon campyloracheus, 
(Combs 677, Fla.) 


sheaths and lower part of the blades 
appressed-villous, the blades about 2 
mm. wide; racemes 2 to 4, mostly 2, 
on long flexuous peduncles exserted 
from long narrow spathes, the slender 
rachis very flexuous, the joints and 
pedicels much longer than the sessile 
spikelet, long-villous, the lowermost 
rachis joint often elongate; sessile 
spikelet 5 to 6 mm. long, slender, the 
awn. loosely twisted, mostly about 2 
cm. long; pedicellate spikelet reduced 
to a slender glume or obsolete. 2 
—Dry sandy pine woods, Florida, 
Mississippi, and Louisiana. 


767 


Section 3. AMPHiILOPHIS Trin. 


Perennials, simple orsparingly branch- 
ing; racemes several to numerous 
in a leafless panicle, at least the 
lower racemes short-peduncled, 
mostly on a relatively long axis, 
rachis straight, the joints and 
pedicels flat, with thick bearded 
margins, the center subhyaline. 

31. Andropogon wrightii Hack. 
(Fig. 1170.) Plants somewhat glauc- 
ous; culms tufted, 50 to 100 cm. tall, 
simple, the nodes usually hispid; 
blades flat, 3 to 5 mm. wide, tapering 
to a fine point; racemes 3 to 7, sub- 
erect, mostly 3 to 6 cm. long, green 
or tawny, not conspicuously woolly, 
the hairs of rachis joints and pedicels 
much shorter than the spikelets; pe- 
duncle usually long-exserted; sessile 
spikelet about 6 mm. long, short- 
pilose at base, the first glume several- 
nerved toward the summit, stiffly 
short-ciliate on the keels above; awn 
twisted below, geniculate, 10 to 15 
mm. long; pedicellate spikelet about 
as large as the sessile one, awnless. 
2 —Rocky hills and mesas, south- 
ern New Mexico, and northern Mex- 
ico. An occasional spikelet is found 
with a pitted first glume. In Mexican 
specimens the glumes are commonly 
pitted. 

32. Andropogon perforatus Trin. 
ex Fourn. (Fig. 1171.) Culms densely 
tufted, geniculate at base, 50 to 100 
em. tall, simple or with a few leafy 
shoots at base; nodes from obscurely 
appressed-pubescent to densely short- 
bearded; blades 2 to 4 mm. wide, the 
apex attenuate; racemes few to 
several, mostly 5 to 7 cm. long, one 
or more of them on slender individual 
peduncles aggregate on a short axis, 
the common peduncle usually long- 
exserted; margins of rachis joints and 
pedicels densely long-villous; sessile 
spikelet 4 to 6 mm. long, short-pilose 
at base, the first glume sparsely 
hairy and with a small pit like a 
pinhole; awn twisted below, genicu- 
late, 2 to 2.5 cm. long; pedicellate 
spikelet reduced. 2 —Mesas, rocky 


768 


a 
ak 
= 


LE 
eae 
SEZ 


PGE 
LE 


FiaureE 1170.—Andropogon wrightii, X 1. (Metcalfe 
1371, N. Mex.) 


hills, and dry woods, southern Texas; 
Mexico. 

33. Andropogon barbinddis Lag. 
(Fig. 1172.) Culms tufted, 40 to 120 
em. tall, spreading to ascending, often 
branching below, the nodes bearded 
with short spreading hairs; sheaths 
sparsely hairy in the throat, foliage 


Fieurs 1171.—Andropogon Der Oraees, X 1. (Hitch- 
cock 5218, Tex.) 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


otherwise glabrous or nearly so, the 
blades 2 to 7 mm. wide, scabrous: 
panicles from rather long-exser ted to 
included at base, those of the branch- 
es often partly. included in dilated 
sheaths, silvery to creamy white, 
silky, subflabellate, mostly 7 to 10 
cm. long; racemes several to many, 
or sometimes few on the branches, 
2 to 6 cm. long, the common axis 
usually shorter than the racemes, 
rarely longer; rachis joints and ped- 
icels copiously long-villous, the hairs 
on the average longer than in A. 
saccharoides; spikelets 5 to 6 mm. 
long, the awn twisted below, genicu- 
late, 20 to 25 mm. long; pedicellate 
spikelet reduced. 2 -—Mesas, 
rocky slopes, and open ground, Okla- 
homa and Texas to California and 
Arizona, south through Mexico. Has 
been confused with A. saccharoides, 
differing chiefly in the subflabellate 
panicle and larger spikelets. 

34, Andropogon saccharoides 
Swartz. SILVER BEARDGRASS. (Fig. 
1173.) Culms tufted, 60 to 130 cm. 
tall, erect or ascending, often branch- 
ing below, the nodes from appressed 
hispid to glabrous; foliage commonly 
glaucous, glabrous or nearly so, the 
blades 3 to 6 mm. wide; panicle long- 
exserted or those of the branches 
short-exserted, silvery white, silky, 
dense, oblong, mostly 7 to 15 cm. 
long; racemes 2 to 4 cm. long, the 
common axis mostly at least twice 
as long, but readily breaking; rachis 
joints and pedicels long-villous; spike- 
lets about 4 mm. long, the delicate 
awn twisted below, geniculate, 10 to 
15 mm. long; pedicellate spikelet re- 
duced. 2 —Prairies and _ rocky 
slopes, especially in limestone areas, 
Missouri to Colorado, and Alabama 
to Arizona; Mexico and West Indies 


‘to Brazil. Our plants, which have 


been differentiated as A. torreyanus 
Steud., are more freely branching 
than the typical form of the West 
Indies. 

35. Andropogon exaristatus (Nash) 
Hitche. (Fig. 1174.) Resembling A. 
saccharoides; panicle slender, spike- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 769 


f\ Hh | 
IN 


Fieure 1172.—Andropogon barbinodis. Plant, X 14; pair of spikelets, X 5. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 549, Ariz.) 


770 


SCR NST Th deol ele 
: Peay = Z es 
AGA fb GEMS RS Se eS ae 
LEE Get ———— SSS SSS 


=< 


=e a 
= —. => 


ee ree 
SSS SSE 
= RF ne 2 


Figure 1173.—Andropogon saccharoides, X 1. (Hitch- 
cock 5370, Tex.) 


lets shghtly smaller, awnless or nearly 
so; rare. 2 —Low open ground, 
southern Louisiana and eastern Texas. 

Andropogon pertisus (L.) Willd. 
Culms ascending, branching; racemes 
few to several, aggregate on a short 
axis, sparsely villous; first glume 
pitted; awn of sessile spikelet genicu- 
late, 10 to 15 mm. long. 2 —A 
troublesome weed in lawns and 
pastures, State College, Miss.; West 
Indies; introduced from the Old 
World. 

Andropogon sericeus R. Br. Culms 
slender, leafy, 50 to 80 cm. tall, 
branching; nodes bearded; racemes 
2 to 7, aggregate, 3 to 5 cm. long, 
nodding from a very slender peduncle, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


conspicuously silky; sessile and ped- 
icellate spikelets about equal, the 
first glumes strongly several-nerved; 
awn of sessile spikelet twisted, genicu- 
late, 20 to 30 mm. long. 4% — 
Spontaneous on roadside banks, Cam- 
eron County, Tex. Introduced from 
Australia. 

Andropogon noddsus_ (Willem.) 
Nash. Culms ascending from a de- 
cumbent base, leafy, branching; nodes 
bearded; peduncle villous below the 
inflorescence; racemes 1 to 4, approx- 
imate, the sterile spikelets as con- 
spicuous as the fertile, giving the 
appearance of a flat 2-ranked scaly 
spike, the first glume broad, obtuse, 
many-nerved; awns slender, twisted 
and bent, 15 to 25mm. long. 2 — 
Cultivated at experiment stations, 
spontaneous along ditches in south- 
east Texas, and formerly near Miami, 
Fla. Has been confused with A. 
annulatus Forsk., cultivated under 
that name, and called “Angleton 
erass.’’ Established in a few of the 
West Indian islands. Introduced from 
Old World tropics. 

Andropogon ischaémum LL. Culms 
ascending, 70 to 100 cm. tall; nodes 
glabrous; racemes nodding, few to 
several, on slender peduncles aggre- 
gate or somewhat distant on a slender 
axis 3 to 5 em. long, the sterile spike- 
lets as conspicuous as the fertile, the 
rachis and pedicels silky-ciliate; awns 
slender, twisted and bent, about 15 
mm. long. 2  —Cultivated at 
experiment stations, reported to be 
a promising pasture grass in southern 


F1GurE 1174.—Andropogon exaristatus, X 5. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 771 


Texas; adventive in Kansas, Knox- CYMBOPOGON Spreng. Omerass 


ville, Tenn., and in wool waste, Closely allied to Andropogon; the 
Yonkers, N. Y. pairs of racemes included in an in- 
flated spathe, the spathes in a large 
compound inflorescence; sessile and 
pedicellate spikelets of lower pair 
alike, well developed, but staminate 
or neuter. Robust mostly aromatic 
perennials, including the oilgrasses of 
commerce. The most important are 


Figure 1175.—Vetiveria zizanioides, % 1%. (Hitchcock 
9435, Jamaica.) 


a 


a SS = = Ce 


SS 


772 


Cyrmpopocon NArpDus (L.) Rendle, 
citronella grass, nard grass, in which 
the first glume of the sessile spikelet 
is flat on the back and, C. crrrAtus 
(DC.) Stapf, lemon grass, in which 
the first glume is concave on the 
back. These species are sometimes 
cultivated in gardens in southern 
Florida and southern California but 
do not flower there. Name from 
Greek kumbe, boat, and pogon, beard, 
alluding to the boat-shaped spathes. 


VETIVERIA Bory 


Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash. 
Vetiver. (Fig. 1175.) Robust densely 
tufted perennial with simple culms 
and large erect panicles, the slender 
whorled branches ascending, naked 
at base, the awnless spikelets muri- 
cate. Also called khus-khus and khas- 
khas. 2 —Native of the Old 
World, frequently cultivated in trop- 
ical America for hedges and for the 
aromatic roots, these being used for 
making screens and mats which are 
fragrant when wet. Vetiver oil is 
much used in perfumery. Escaped 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


from cultivation in Louisiana. Name 
from vettiver, the native Tamil name. 


155. HYPARRHENIA Anderss. 
ex Stapf 


Spikelets in pairs as in Andropogon, 
but spikelets of the lower pairs alike, 
sterile, and awnless; fertile spikelets 
1 to few in each raceme, terete or 
flattened on the back (keeled toward 
the summit in Hyparrhenia rufa), 
the base usually elongate into a 
sharp callus, the fertile lemma with 
a strong geniculate awn; sterile spike- 
lets awnless; racemes in pairs, on 
slender peduncles, and subtended by 
a spathe. Tall perennials, the pairs 
of racemes and their spathes more 
or less crowded, forming a rather 
large elongate inflorescence. Type 
species, Hyparrhenia pseudocymbaria 
(Steud.) Stapf. Name from Greek 
hypo, under, and arren, masculine, 
alluding to the pair of staminate 
spikelets at the base of the raceme. 

1. Hyparrhenia riifa (Nees) Stapf. 
(Fig. 1176.) Culms erect, rather 
stout, 1 to 2.5 m. tall; blades flat, 


Figure 1176.—Hyparrhenia rufa, X 1. 
(Moldenke 243, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


elongate, 2 to 8 mm. wide, sometimes 
wider, very scabrous on the margins; 
inflorescence 20 to 40 cm. long, the 
pairs of racemes on long slender 
flexuous peduncles; racemes about 2 
em. long, reddish brown; fertile 
spikelets mostly 5 to 7 in each ra- 
ceme, 3 to 4mm. long, flattened from 
the back, pubescent with dark-red 
hairs, the pedicels and rachis joint 
ciliate with red hairs; awn 15 to 20 
mm. long, twice geniculate, twisted, 
red brown, hispidulous. 2 

Tropics of the Old World; imireduced 
in tropical America; sparingly culti- 


773 


vated in Florida (where it has 
escaped) and along the Gulf coast. 
Adapted to conditions in the regions 
mentioned, but only moderately val- 
uable as a forage grass. The native 
name in Brazil is jaraguaé. 
Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf. Usu- 
ally not more than 1 m. tall; blades 
usually less than 3 mm. wide, more 
or less involute, flexuous; racemes 
whitish or grayish silky-villous. 2 
—Warmer parts of the Old World; 
cultivated at the Florida State Experi- 
ment Station and probably elsewhere. 
Appears to have little forage value. 


156. SORGHUM Moench 


Spikelets in pairs, one sessile and fertile, the other pedicellate, sterile but 
well developed, usually staminate, the terminal sessile spikelet with two 
pedicellate spikelets. Tall or moderately tall annuals or perennials, with flat 
blades and terminal panicles of 1- to 5-jointed tardily disarticulating racemes. 
Type species, Sorghum saccharatum (L.) Moench. Name from Sorgho, the 
Italian name of the plant. 

The sorghums and Johnson grass sometimes produce cyanogenetic com- 
pounds in sufficient abundance, especially in second growth, to cause prussic- 
acid poisoning in grazing animals. The leaves are often splotched with purple, 


due to a bacterial disease. 


PAGS) TOVEV ENOUGH UE ae = Ste tle RSM ce Na ae a 
lepmbSs aT alee ee De oil ee 


1. Sorghum halepénse (L.) Pers. 
JOHNSON Grass. (Fig. 1177.) Culms 
90 to 150 cm. tall, from extensively 
creeping scaly rhizomes; blades most- 
ly less than 2 em. wide; panicle open, 
15 to 50 cm. long; sessile spikelet 4.5 
to 5.5 mm. long, ovate, appressed- 
silky, the readily deciduous awn 1 to 
1.5 cm. long, geniculate, twisted be- 
low; pedicellate spikelet 5 to 7 mm. 
long, lanceolate. 2 (Holcus hale- 
pensis L.)—Open ground, fields, and 
waste places, Massachusetts to lowa 
and Kansas, south to Florida and 
Texas, west to southern California; 
native of the Mediterranean region 
found in the tropical and warmer 
regions of both hemispheres. Culti- 
vated for forage, but on account of 
the difficulty of eradication it becomes 
a troublesome weed. 

2. Sorghum vulgare Pers. Sor- 
GHuM.'* Differing from S. halepense 


1. S. HALEPENSE. 
2. JS! ViUGARE: 


in being annual and more robust. 
© (Holcus sorghum L.)—This spe- 
cies has been cultivated in warmer 
regions since prehistoric times for the 
seed, which has been used for food, 
for the sweet juice, and for forage. 
In ‘the United States it is cultivated 
under the general name of sorghum. 

There are many varieties or races 
of cultivated sorghums, all of which 
have the same chromosome number 
(10) and which fall naturally into 
distinct groups, the chief of which 
(in the United States) are sorgo, 
kafir, durra, milo, feterita, shallu, 
kaoliang, and broomcorn. Sorgo in- 
cludes the varieties known collective- 
ly as sweet or saccharine sorghums, 
in which the juice in the stems is 


16 For elaboration of cultivated sorghums see SNOW- 
DEN, J. D., THE CULTIVATED RACES OF SORGHUM. Vil 
+272 pp. 1936. London. 


774 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


4 
a IS 
N AN NINN f 
“" re Av } 


\\ 


AN; ‘eS 


\ WS nN) 
NY 


A 


\ \ 


Figure 1177.—Sorghum halepense. Plant, X 14; two views of terminal raceme, X 5. (Small, Ga.) 


abundant and very sweet. In this to North Carolina for forage and for 
country sorgo is cultivated chiefly in the juice which is made into sirup. 
the region from Kansas and Texas The large panicles of broomcorn, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


grown especially in Oklahoma and 
Illinois, furnish the material for 
brooms. The other forms are grown 
for forage or for the seed which is 
used for feed. Chicken corn (S. VUL- 
GARE var. DRUMMONDII (Nees) Hack. 
ex Chiov.), described from New 
Orleans, La., was early introduced 
from Africa and became naturalized 
in Mississippi and Louisiana, but is 
apparently dying out. Culms up to 
2m. tall; blades to 5 cm. wide; panicle 
elongate, narrow but loose. Near rail- 
way, Illinois; weed in cotton field, 
Alabama; Midississippi; California; 
rare. 

The differences between most of 
the varieties are so indistinct and so 
unstable because of intercrossing as 
to make it very difficult to assign 
descriptive limits. The application of 
botanical names is uncertain, and it 
seems best, therefore, not to assign 
to them definite varietal or specific 
Latin names. 

The following names have been 
applied in American literature to 
some of the more important varieties. 

Kafir. S. vulgare var. caffrorum (Retz.) 
Hubb. and Rehder. 

Shallu. S. vulgare var. roxburghii (Stapf) 
Haines. 

Durra. S. vulgare var. durra (Forsk.) 
Hubb. and Rehder. 
Broomcorn. S. 

(Koern.) Jav. 


Sorgo. S. vulgare var. saccharatum (L.) 
Boerl. 


vulgare var. technicum 


Tunis grass (S. virgatum (Hack.) 
Stapf) is a tall annual with a narrow 


775 


slender open panicle and narrowly- 
lanceolate green finely awned spike- 
lets. Africa. Has been tried at experi- 
ment stations, but has not been 
brought into commercial cultivation, 
being inferior to Sudan grass. 


Sorghum lanceolatum Stapf. Ro- 
bust annual to 1.5 m. tall; blades 
30 to 60 cm. long, 2 to 3.5 cm. wide; 
panicle 25 to 40 cm. long with as- 
cending branches; rachis joints and 
pedicels ciliate; spikelets about 6 
mm. long, silky-pubescent, becoming 
glabrous and shining on the lower 
half; awn about 1 cm. long. © — 
Becoming a weed at Yuma, Calif. 
Introduced from tropical Africa. 


Sorghum sudanénse (Piper) Stapf. 
SupAN Grass. Annual, branching 
from the base, 2 to 3 m. tall; blades 
15 to 30 cm. long, 8 to 12 mm. 
wide; panicle erect, loose, 15 to 30 
cm. long, about half as wide, the 
branches subverticillate, the lower 
half or third naked; sessile spikelet 
6 to 7 mm. long, lanceolate-ovate, a 
ring of hairs at base, sparsely ap- 
pressed-silky toward the apex; awn 
persistent, 10 to 15 mm. long, genicu- 
late, twisted below; pedicellate spike- 
let narrow, about as long as the 
sessile spikelet, strongly nerved. © 
(Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense 
Hitche.)—Extensively cultivated for 
pasture and hay and escaped in the 
Southern and Midwestern States 
and in Arizona and California. Orig- 
inally from Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. 


157. SORGHASTRUM Nash 


Spikelets in pairs, one nearly terete, sessile, and perfect, the other wanting, 
only the hairy pedicel being present; glumes coriaceous, brown or yellowish, 
the first hirsute, the edges inflexed over the second; sterile and fertile lemmas 
thin and hyaline, the latter extending into a usually well-developed bent and 
twisted awn. Perennial, erect, rather tall grasses, with auricled sheaths, narrow 
flat blades, and narrow terminal panicles of 1- to few-jointed racemes. Type 
species, Sorghastrum avenaceum (Michx.) Nash (S. nutans). Name from Sor- 
ghum and the Latin suffix astrwm, a poor imitation of, alluding to the resem- 


blance to Sorghum. 


The most important species, S. nutans, is a common constituent of wild or 
prairie hay in the eastern part of the Great Plains region. 


Awn usually 15 mm. long or less, once geniculate. Panicle rather dense, yellowish. 
1 


S. NUTANS. 


776 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


SS SS ef SE 
oy = SL, S= = = on 
Se ee Sheed —— = 
NS SSS Z 
> >: — > - 


ss 
SS 


7a = 


ad 
y 
i 


nu? 


| 
af 


\ \ 


Ny 


\ \ 
“rN \\ ie 
\ 


\ 

\ i) \ 
KN /} 
NMA 
Lae A 


| 
| 
‘I 


| , 
iW 


Fiaure 1178.—Sorghastrum nutans. Plant, X 14; spikelet with pedicel and rachis joint, X 5. (Deam, Ind.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Awn 20 to 35 mm. long, twice-geniculate, twisted below the second bend. 
Spikelets chestnut-brown, the ultimate branchlets with a few long hairs at the tip only; 
joxmiclesloosewnotwumilateral ss. 5 2. e ee oe ecto 2. SS, ELLIOTTII. 
Spikelets yellowish brown, the upper portion of the ultimate branchlets conspicuously 


HO 


long-hairy toward the tip; panicle distinctly unilateral................. 3 


1. Sorghastrum niitans (L.) Nash. 
INDIAN Grass. (Fig. 1178.) Culms 1 
to 2.5 m. tall from short scaly rhi- 
zomes; blades elongate, flat, mostly 
5 to 10 mm. wide, tapering to a 
narrow base, scabrous; panicle nar- 
row, yellowish, rather dense, 15 to 
30 cm. long, contracted and darker 
at maturity; summit of branchlets, 
rachis joints, and pedicels grayish- 
hirsute; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, 
lanceolate, hirsute, the awn 1 to 1.5 
cm. long, once-geniculate. 2 — 
Prairies, open woods, and dry slopes, 
- Quebec and Maine to Manitoba and 

North Dakota, south to Florida and 
Arizona; Mexico. 

2. Sorghastrum  elliottii (Mohr) 
Nash. (Fig. 1179.) Culms 1 to 1.5 
m. tall, more slender than in S. 
nutans, without rhizomes; the base 
comparatively delicate, smooth or 
nearly so; blades on the average 
narrower; panicle loose, 15 to 30 
em. long, nodding at apex, the fili- 
form branchlets and pedicels flexuous 
but not recurved, with a few long 
hairs at the tip; spikelets 6 to 7 mm. 
long, chestnut brown at maturity, 
with a short blunt bearded callus, 
the first glume hirsute or glabrescent 
on the back; awn 2.5 to 3.5 cm. long, 
twice-geniculate. 21 —Open woods 
dry hills, and sandy fields, eastern 
Maryland to Tennessee, south to 
Florida and Texas. 

3. Sorghastrum seciindum (Ell.) 
Nash. (Hig. 1180.) Culms 1 to 2 m. 
tall, without rhizomes, the base 
robust and felty-pubescent; blades 
mostly less than 5 mm. wide, flat 
or subinvolute; panicle narrow, 20 
to 40 cm. long, 1-sided, the branches 
mostly in separated fascicles, the 
capillary branchlets and _ pedicels 
strongly curved or circinately re- 
curved, stiffly long-pilose below the 
tip; spikelets about 7 mm. long, 
brownish, pilose, with an acute dense- 


S. SECUNDUM. 


iN i y Z ss ; 
Hf i ~ | RE A 
| ( en i 
f | Ii aN sa SS 


il 
| 


Fieure 1179.—Sorghastrum elliottii, * 1. (Harper 
1718, Ga.) 


ly bearded callus 1 to 1.5.mm. long. 
21 —Pine barrens, South Carolina 
to Florida and Texas. 


FIGURE SL at ge X 1. (Hood, 
a. 


778 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Z| 


A 
f 


— 
\ 


| 
i 
————————— ee ee 


FigurRE 1181,—Chrysopogon pauciflorus. Plant, X %; fruiting spikelet, X 5. (Combs 1359, Fla.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


158. CHRYSOPOGON Trin. 
(Rhaphis Lour. ) 


Spikelets in threes, one sessile and 
perfect, the other two pedicellate and 
sterile, or sometimes a pair below, 
one fertile and one sterile; fertile 
spikelet terete, the glumes coriaceous; 
sterile and fertile lemmas thin and 
hyaline, the latter awned. Perennial 
grasses, or, our species, annual, with 


779 


1181.) Annual; culms 60 to 120 cm. 
tall, erect or somewhat decumbent 
at base; blades flat, mostly 4 to 8 
mm. wide; panicle loose, the axis 5 
to 10 cm. long, the branches few, 
very slender, 5 to 8 cm. long; sessile 
spikelet about 1.5 em. long, including 
the slender villous callus about 7 mm. 
long, this disarticulating by a long- 
oblique line, the tip of the pedicel 


thus villous on one side; awn stout, 
brown, geniculate, twisted below, 
about 15° em. lone. © —_sandy, 
pine woods, open ground, and fields, 
Florida; Cuba. The fertile spikelets 
resemble the fruits of certain species 
of Stipa, such as S. spartea L. 


open panicles, the three spikelets 
(reduced raceme) borne at the ends 
of long, slender, naked branches. 
Type species, Andropogon gryllus L. 
Name from Greek chrysos, golden, 
pogon, beard. 

1. Chrysopogon pauciflorus 
(Chapm.) Benth. ex Vasey. (Fig. 


159. HETEROPOGON Pers. 


Spikelets in pairs, one sessile, the other pedicellate, both of the lower few 
_to several pairs staminate or neuter, the remainder of the sessile spikelets 
perfect, terete, long-awned, the pedicellate spikelets, ike the lower, staminate, 
fiat, conspicuous, awnless; glumes of the fertile spikelet equal, coriaceous, the 
first brown-hirsute, infolding the second; lemmas thin and hyaline, the fertile 
one narrow, extending into a strong bent and twisted brown awn; palea 
wanting; glumes of the staminate spikelet membranaceous, the first green, 
faintly many-nerved, asymmetric, one submarginal keel rather broadly 
winged, the other wingless, the margins inflexed, the second glume narrower, 
symmetric; lemmas hyaline; palea wanting. Annual or perennial, often robust 
grasses, with flat blades and usually solitary terminal racemes; rachis slender, 
the lower part, bearing the pairs of staminate spikelets, continuous, the 
remainder disarticulating obliquely at the base of each joint, the joint forming 
a sharp-barbed callus below the fertile spikelet, the pedicellate spikelet readily 
falling, its pedicel remaining obscured in the hairs of the callus. Type species, 
Heteropogon glaber Pers. (H. contortus). Name from Greek heteros, different, 
and pogon, beard, alluding to the difference between the awnless-staminate and 
awned-pistillate spikelets. 

One species, H. contortus, has a world-wide distribution. It is a good forage 
grass in the Southwest; if ‘grazed constantly the troublesome awns do not 
develop. In the Hawaiian Islands, where it is called pili, it is an important 
range grass on the drier areas; also used there by the natives to thatch their 
grass huts. The mature fruits ‘are injurious to sheep. 


Plants perennial, less than 1 m. tall; first glume of staminate spikelet usually papillose- 


JOUISFONKG Lacs cGy 2°” Sha aia a A get ec 1. H. conTorRTUvSs. 
Plants annual, usually more than 1 m. tall; first glume of staminate spikelet with a row of 
glands along che back telabrous 22 one ee 2. H. MELANOCARPUS. 


1. Heteropogon contértus  (L.) 
Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult. TANGLE- 
HEAD. (Fig. 1182.) Plants perennial, 
tufted; culms 20 to 80 cm. tall, 
branched above, the branches erect; 


sheaths smooth, compressed-keeled ; 
blades flat or folded, 3 to 7 mm. 
wide; raceme 4 to 7 cm. long, |-sided; 
sessile spikelets about 7 mm. long, 


780 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1182.—Heteropogon contortus. Plant, X %; fruiting spikelet, X 5. (Griffiths 1844, Ariz.) 


slender, nearly hidden by the im- 5 to 12 cm. long, bent and flexuous, 
bricate pedicellate spikelets, the awns commonly tangled; pedicellate spike- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


let about 1 cm. long, the first glume 
papillose-hispid toward the tip and 
margins, sometimes nearly glabrous. 
2% —Rocky hills and canyons, 
Texas to Arizona; tropical and warm- 
er regions of both hemispheres. 

2. Heteropogon melanocarpus (Ell.) 
Benth. SwEET TANGLEHEAD. (Fig. 
1183.) Plants annual, 1 to 2. m. tall, 
freely branching; sheaths smooth, the 
upper part of the keel, especially of 
the upper sheaths, with a row of 
concave glands; blades 5 to 10 mm. 
wide; raceme 3 to 6 cm. long; looser 
than in H. contortus; sessile spikelets 
9 to 10 mm. long, relatively thick, the 
awns 10 to 15 cm. long; pedicellate 
spikelet 1.5 to 2.5 cm. long, the first 
glume with a line of punctate glands 
along the middle. © —Pine woods, 
fields, and waste places, Georgia, 
Florida, and Alabama; Arizona; 
tropical regions of both hemispheres. 
The plant when fresh emits an odor 
like that of citronella oil. 


160. TRACHYPOGON Nees 


Spikelets in pairs, along a slender 
continuous rachis, one nearly sessile, 
staminate, awnless, the other ped- 
icellate, perfect, long-awned; the ped- 
icel of the perfect spikelet obliquely 
disarticulating near the base, forming 
a sharp-barbed callus below the 
spikelet; first glume firm-membra- 
naceous, rounded on the back, several- 
nerved, obtuse; second glume firm, 
obscurely nerved; fertile lemma nar- 
row, extending into a stout twisted 
and bent or flexuous awn; palea 
obsolete; sessile spikelet persistent, as 
large as the fertile spikelet and 
similar but awnless. Perennial, moder- 
ately tall grasses, with terminal 
spikelike solitary or fascicled ra- 
cemes. Type species, T'rachypogon 
montufart. Name from Greek trachus, 


Figure 1183.—Heteropogon melanocarpus, 
(Fredholm 6405, Fla.) 


Kod 


rough, and pogon, beard, alluding to 
the plumose awn of the fertile spike- 
let. 

1. Trachypogon seciindus (Presl) 
Seribn. CRINKLE-AWN. (Fig. 1184.) 
Culms tufted erect, slender, 60 to 
120 cm. tall, the nodes appressed 
hirsute; sheaths with erect auricles 
2 to 5 mm. long; blades flat to sub- 
involute, 3 to 8 mm. wide; raceme 
solitary, 10 to 18 cm. long, the rachis 
glabrous; spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, 
pubescent, the awns of perfect spike- 
lets 4 to 6 cm. long, short-plumose 
below, nearly glabrous toward the 
tip. 2 (Included in 7. montufari 
(H. B. K.) Nees in the Manual, 
ed. 1.)—Rocky hills and canyons, 
southern Texas, southwestern New 
Mexico, and southern Arizona; Mex- 
ico to Argentina. 


161. ELYONURUS Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd. 


Spikelets in pairs along a somewhat tardily disarticulating rachis, the 
joints and pedicels short, thickened, and parallel, the sessile spikelets perfect, 
appressed to the concave side, the pedicellate spikelet staminate, similar to the 
sessile one, both awnless, the pair falling with a joint of the rachis; first glume 


782 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


SSS 


= SS 
SSN 


Si 


INES 


TST 


i. V4 
\ 


AT 


Les we 
io a 


LL 


YA: 


FIGURE 1184,—Trachypogon secundus. Plant, X 44; fertile spikelet, X 5. (Griffiths and Thornber 300, Ariz.) 


783 


firm, somewhat coriaceous, dorsally flattened, the margins inflexed around the 
second glume, a line of balsam glands on the marginal nerves, the apex entire 
and acute or acuminate, or bifid with aristate teeth; second glume similar 
to the first; sterile and fertile lemmas thin and hyaline; palea obsolete. Erect, 
moderately tall perennials, with solitary spikelike, often woolly racemes. 
Type species, Elyonurus tripsacoides. Name from Greek eluezn, to roll, and 
oura, tail, alluding to the cylindric inflorescence. 

The species are important grazing grasses in the savannas and plains 
of tropical America, but they extend only a short distance into the United 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


States. 


Rhizomes wanting; culms hirsute below the nodes; racemes conspicuously woolly. 


E.. BARBICULMIS. 


Rhizomes present; culms glabrous; racemes slightly pubescent, the first glume glabrous or 
2 


meahhye SOrOMernesOaACk. 22.0.0... geist 


1. Elyonurus barbicilmis Hack. 
(Fig. 1185.) Culms tufted, erect, 
simple or sparingly branching, 40 to 
60 cm. tall, pubescent below the 
nodes; blades involute, striate, about 
1 mm. thick, the upper surface 
usually long-pilose; raceme mostly 5 
to 10 cm. long, pale; rachis Joints, 
pedicels, and spikelets densely woolly, 
the spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long; first 
glume acuminate. 2 —WMesas, 
rocky hills, and canyons, western 
Texas to southern Arizona; northern 
Mexico. 

2. Elyonurus tripsacoides Humb. 
and Bonpl. ex Willd. (Fig. 1186.) 
Culms 60 to 120 cm. tall, glabrous, 
rather freely branching and with 
short rhizomes; blades flat or involute, 
2 to 4 mm. wide, slightly pilose on 
the upper surface near the base; 
raceme 7 to 15 em. long; rachis 
joints ciliate, the pedicels pilose; 
spikelets 6 to 8 mm. long, the first 
glume ciliate toward the acuminate 
2-toothed apex, usually glabrous on 
the back. 2 —Moist pine woods 
and low prairies, Georgia, Florida, 
southern Mississippi, and southern 
Texas; Mexico to Argentina. 


162 © 1B OMT LWA: Lf. 


Spikelets awnless, in pairs at the 
nodes of a thickened articulate rachis, 
one sessile and perfect, the other 
pedicellate, sterile; rachis joints hol- 
low above, the thickened pedicel 
adnate to it, the pedicellate spikelet 
appearing to be sessile; sessile spike- 


FE. TRIPSACOIDES. 


FIGURE TSO ere emunusy Varonculey, X 1. (Type 
coll. 


let fitting closely against the concave 
side of the rachis joint, the first 
glume coriaceous, the second less 
coriaceous; sterile and fertile lemmas 
and palea hyaline. Coarse branching 
annual, with broad flat blades and 
subeylindric racemes, dwindling to- 
ward the summit and bearing abor- 
tive spikelets only. Type species, 
Rottboellia exaltata. Named for C. F. 
Rottboell. 

1. Rottboellia exaltata L. f. (Fig. 
1187.) Culms robust, 1 to 3 m. tall, 
branching; sheaths papillose-hispid, 
especially toward the summit; blades 
flat, in robust specimens as much as 
3 cm. wide; racemes mostly 8 to 12 
em. long, 3 to 4 mm. thick, dwindling 
at the summit; sessile spikelet 5 to 


784 


FIGurRE 1186. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


WSS 
SSS 
™ 


WS = 3 


fi 
7 A 
Z 
i} Je 
Wi UZ 
+ HA 
f 
ig 
7} 
/ 
fé 
Yf i Z 
” 
f 
} Z| 
} 
| 
Z 7 
4 
i 
\ A 
j N/4Z° 
/, Wh 
\ Yi 
; He 
fi) iy; 
NV 


WW aN 
WYER, Kee 


i 


{ 


- 


—Elyonurus tripsacoides. Plant, X 73; two rey of pair of spikelets with rachis joint, X 5. (Chase 
144, Fla. 


eo 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


7 mm. long; first glume finely papil- 
lose; pedicellate spikelet scarcely as 
long as the sessile one. © (Mani- 
suris exaltata Kuntze.)—Introduced 


785 
at Miami, Fla.; West Indies; native 
of tropical Asia. The fragile hairs of 


the sheaths are irritating to the skin 
of persons handling the plant. 


163. MANISURIS L. 


Spikelets awnless, in pairs at the nodes of a thickened articulate rachis, 
one sessile and perfect, the other pedicellate, rudimentary (developed but 
sterile in M. altissima), the pedicel thickened and appressed to the rachis, 
the sessile spikelet fitting closely against the rachis (sometimes partly adnate 
in M. altissima), forming a cylindric or flattened raceme; glumes mostly 
obtuse, the first coriaceous, fitting over the hollow containing the spikelet, 
the keels winged at the summit, the second less coriaceous than the first; 
sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea thin and hyaline. Perennial, slender, 
moderately tall, or tall grasses, with usually numerous glabrous cylindric or 
flattened solitary racemes. Type species, Manisuris myuros L. Name from 
Greek manos, necklace, and oura, tail, presumably alluding to the jointed 
racemes. The species probably have some forage value but they are nowhere 
abundant. 

Racemes flattened, tardily disarticulating; first glume of sessile spikelet smooth. 
M. ALTISSIMA. 
Racemes cylindric, readily disarticulating at maturity; first glume of sessile spikelet marked 
with pits or wrinkles (sometimes smooth in M. tuberculosa). 


Sheaths not compressed-keeled; first glume more or less pitted_. 2. M. CYLINDRICA. 
Sheaths compressed-keeled ; first glume tessellated, wrinkled, tubercled, or smooth. 


First glume tessellated, the depressions rectangular iE sem er Ua 3. M. TESSELLATA. 
First elume with prominent transverse wrinkles. =. 4. M. RuGOSA. 
First glume with a few low tubercles or smooth... .............--.------- 5. M. TUBERCULOSA 


1. Manisuris altissima  (Poir.) 
Hitche. (Fig. 1188.) Perennial; culms 
ascending from a long creeping base, 
compressed and 2-edged, 40 to 80 
cm. long, freely branching toward the 
ends; blades flat, 3 to 8 mm. wide; 
flowering branches often short and W 
fascicled, the racemes 3 to 5 ecm., | 
sometimes 10 cm. long, compressed; 
pedicel free or partly ‘adnate to the 
rachis joint; sessile spikelet 5 to 7 
mm. long, the keels of the first glume 
very narrowly winged toward the 
apex; pedicellate spikelet 5 to 6 mm. 
long, acute. 2% (M. fasciculata 
Hitche.)—Ponds and ditches, south- 
ern Texas; warm-temperate and trop- 
ical regions of both hemispheres; 
introduced in America. 

2. Manisuris cylindrica (Michx.) 
Kuntze. (Fig. 1189.) Culms tufted, 
with short rhizomes, erect, rather 
slender, 30 to 100 cm. tall, simple or 


. Figure 1188.— Manisuris 
altissima, X 1. (Hitch- 
cock, Tex.) 


Figure 1187.—Rottboellia exaltata, 
Jamaica.) 


xX 1. (Ridley, 


786 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1189.—Manisuris cylindrica. Plant, X 4; two views of rachis joint with fertile and sterile spikelets 
attached, X 5. (Harvey, Ark.) 


with a few branches; sheaths not 


folded, 2 to 3 mm. wide; raceme 
compressed-keeled; blades flat or 


cylindric, 5 to 15 em. long, slightly 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


curved; sessile spikelet 4 to 5 mm. 
long, the first glume pitted along the 
nerves. 21 —Pine woods and 
prairies, Coastal Plain, North Caro- 
lina to Florida and Texas, north to 
Missouri and Oklahoma. 

3. Manisuris tessellata (Steud.) 
Scribn. (Fig. 1190.) Culms 80 to 120 
cm. tall, rather stout, branching; 
sheaths, especially the basal ones, 
compressed-keeled; blades elongate, 
flat, mostly 5 to 8 mm. wide; raceme 
5 to 12 cm. long; sessile spikelets 
4 to 5 mm. long; first glume tessel- 
lated with rectangular depressions, 
the keels narrowly winged at the 
apex. 2 —Moist pine woods, 
Coastal Plain, Florida to Louisiana. 

4. Manisuris rugoésa (Nutt.) Kunt- 
ze. (Fig. 1191.) Culms mostly rather 
stout, 70 to 120 cm. tall, freely 
branching; sheaths compressed- 
keeled; blades commonly folded, 3 
to 8 mm. wide; flowering branches 
often numerous, the racemes 4 to 8 
em. long, partly included in brownish 
sheaths; rachis joint and pedicel con- 
tracted in the middle; sessile spikelet 
3.0 to 5 mm. long, the first glume 
strongly and irregularly transversely 
ridged, the keels narrowly winged 
toward the summit. 2 —Wet pine 
woods, Coastal Plain, southern New 
Jersey to Florida, Arkansas, and 
Texas. 

5. Manisuris tuberculésa Nash. 
(Fig. 1192.) Differing from M. rugosa 
chiefly in the straight rachis joints, 
not contracted in the middle, and in 
the smooth to obscurely ridged or 
tuberculate first glume of the sessile 
spikelet, varying in a single raceme. 
21 —Moist ground along lakes, 
central peninsular Florida. Apparent- 
ly rare. 


Eremoéchloa ophiuroides (Munro) 
Hack. CENTIPEDE GRASS. Low peren- 
nial, creeping by thick short-noded 
leafy stolons; racemes __ spikelike, 
smooth, subcylindric, terminal and 
axillary on slender peduncles, 2 to 
6 cm. long; rachis flat, not thickened 
as in Manisuris, the first glume of 


787 


FiaureE 1190.—Manisuris tessellata, X 1. (Tracy and 
Ball 1, Miss.) 


sessile spikelet winged at summit. 2 
—Southeastern Asia; valuable as a 
lawn grass from South Carolina to 
Florida, and the Gulf States. It is 
commonly used in northern Florida, 
replacing to a large extent carpet 
grass and St. Augustine grass. It is 
easily established and quickly forms 
a dense turf. 


Figure 1191.— Manisuris 
rugosa, X 1. (Curtiss 
3622, Fla.) 


Figure 1192.—Manis- 
uris tuberculosa, X 1. 
(Nash 1074, Fla.) 


788 


EREMOCHLOA CILIARIS (L.) Merr. Found 
near a Chinese warehouse in San Francisco. 
Southeastern Asia. Mentioned in the Botany 
of California (2:262. 1880) under /schaemum 
leersioides Munro. Not since collected in the 
United States. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


nate. Freely branching annual with 
flat blades, the numerous racemes 
solitary and more or less enclosed in 
the spathes, these usually fascicled 
in the axils of the leaves. Type spe- 
cies, Hackelochloa granularis. Named 


FicureE 1193.—Hackelochloa granularis. Plant, X %; single raceme, X 2; two views of spikelets with rachis 
joint, X 5. (Pringle, Ariz.) 


164. HACKELOCHLOA Kuntze 
(Rytilix Raf.) 


Spikelets awnless, in pairs, the 
rachis joint and pedicel grown to- 
gether, the two clasped between the 
edges of the globose alveolate first 
glume of the sessile spikelet; ped- 
icellate spikelet conspicuous, stami- 


for Eduard Hackel and Greek chloa, 
erass. 

1. Hackelochloa_ granularis (L.) 
Kuntze. (Fig. 1193.) Culms 30 to 100 
cm. tall; sheaths papillose-hispid; 
blades flat, 5 to 15 cm. long, 3 to 15 
mm. wide, papillose-hirsute, ciliate; 
racemes 1 to 2 cm. long; sessile spike- 
let about 1 mm. thick; pedicellate 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


spikelet about 2 mm. long. © — 
Open ground, fields, and waste places, 
Georgia and Florida to Louisiana; 
New Mexico to Arizona; tropics of 
both hemispheres, introduced in 
America. Furnishes some forage in 
the Southwest. 


THEMEDA Forsk. 


Inflorescence a flabellate cluster of 
several short racemes, each  sub- 
tended by a spathe, the entire cluster 
subtended by a larger spathe; ra- 
cemes consisting of 2 approximate 
pairs of sessile awnless staminate or 
neuter spikelets and a single fertile 
awned spikelet with a pair of sterile 
pedicellate ones, the rachis disjointing 
above the pairs of sessile staminate 
spikelets and forming a_ pointed 
callus below the fertile one. Annuals 
or perennials. Name from the Ara- 
bian, Thaemed. 

Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze. 
KANGAROO GRASS. Robust annual, 1 
to 1.5 m. tall; blades flat, elongate, 
5 to 10 cm. wide; inflorescence often 
elongate, narrow, loose to dense, with 
conspicuous bent brown awns 4 to 
5 em. long. © -—Hstablished on 
bottom land, near Opelousas, St. 
Landry Parish, La. Introduced in the 
West Indies. East Indies. 


TRIBE 14. TRIPSACEAE 
165. COIX L. Jops-rTEARS 


Spikelets unisexual; staminate 
spikelets 2-flowered, in twos or threes 
on the continuous rachis, the normal 
group consisting of a pair of sessile 
spikelets with a single pedicellate 
spikelet between, the latter some- 
times reduced to a pedicel or wanting; 
glumes membranaceous, obscurely 
nerved; lemma and palea hyaline; 
stamens 3; pistillate spikelets 3 to- 
gether, 1 fertile and 2 sterile at the 
base of the inflorescence; glumes of 
fertile spikelet several-nerved, hyaline 
below, chartaceous in the upper nar- 
row pointed part, the first very broad, 
infolding the spikelet, the margins 
infolded beyond the 2 lateral stronger 


789 


pair of nerves; second glume nar- 
rower than the first, keeled, sterile 
lemma, similar but a little narrower; 
fertile lemma and palea hyaline; 
sterile spikelets consisting of a single 
narrow tubular glume as long as the 
fertile spikelet, somewhat chartaceous. 
Tall branched grasses with broad flat 
blades, the monoecious inflorescences 
numerous on long, stout peduncles, 
these clustered in the axils of the 
leaves, each inflorescence consisting 
of an ovate or oval pearly-white or 
drab, beadlike, very hard, tardily 
deciduous involucre (much modified 
sheathing bract) containing the pis- 
tillate lower portion of the inflores- 
cence, the points of the pistillate 
spikelets and the slender axis of the 
staminate portion of the inflorescence 
protruding through the orifice at the 
apex, the staminate upper portion of 
the inflorescence 2 to 4 cm. long, 
soon deciduous, consisting of several 
clusters of staminate spikelets. Type 


Figure 1194.—Coiz lacryma-jobi, X 1. (Cult.) 


790 


species, Coix lacryma-jobi. Name from 
Greek koiz, a kind of palm, applied 
by Linnaeus to this grass. 

1. Coix lacryma-jobi L. Joss- 
TEARS. (Fig. 1194.) Annual; culms 
usually about 1 m. tall; blades as 
much as 4 cm. wide; beads white to 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cultivated for ornament, escaped into 
waste places in the Southern States; 
all tropical countries; introduced in 
America. The beadlike fruits are 
used as beads and for rosaries. A 
garden form (called by gardeners var. 
aurea zebrina) has _ yellow-striped 


blades. 


bluish gray, globular or ovoid, 6 to 
12 mm. long. © —Occasionally 


166: TRIPSACUM L. Gamacrass 


Spikelets unisexual; staminate spikelets 2-flowered, in pairs on one side of a 
continuous rachis, one sessile, the other sessile or pedicellate, similar to those 
of Zea, the glumes firmer; pistillate spikelets solitary (a minute rudiment of a 
sterile spikelet sometimes found), on opposite sides at each joint of the thick, 
hard articulate lower part of the same rachis, sunken in hollows in the joints, 
consisting of one perfect floret and a sterile lemma; first glume coriaceous, 
nearly infolding the spikelet, fitting into and closing the hollow of the rachis; 
second glume similar to the first but smaller, infolding the remainder of the 
spikelet; sterile lemma, fertile lemma, and palea very thin and hyaline, these 
progressively smaller. Robust perennials, with usually broad flat blades and 
monoecious terminal and axillary inflorescences of 1 to 3 racemes, the pistillate 
part below, breaking up into bony, seedlike joints, the staminate above on 
the same rachis, deciduous as a whole. Type species, Trzpsacum dactyloides. 
Name of unknown origin, said by some to come from Greek tribezn, to rub, 
alluding to the smooth joints. 

The species are good forage grasses, but even the more widely spread 
T. dactyloides is not common enough to be of importance. Two large species 
not found in the United States, 7. larwm Nash and T’. latifolcwm Hitche., of 
Central America, are occasionally cultivated for forage in that region. The 
genus is of interest because it is related to maize. Hybrids between T’. dacty- 
loides and maize have been made.!’ 


Staminate spikelets membranaceous, the members of the pair unequally pedicellate, one 

nearly sessile, the other with a distinct Pedice esl 2. SF ae ce . LANCEOLATUM. 
Staminate spikelets rather chartaceous, both members of the pair nearly sessile. 

Blades 1 to 2 cm. wide, flat; plants 1 to 2m. tall; terminal racemes usually more than one. 

. ‘T. DACTYLOIDES. 

Blades 1 to 4mm. wide, subinvolute; plants less than 1 m. tall; all racemes usually solitary. 

T. FLORIDANUM. 


1. Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L. 
EASTERN GAMAGRASS. (Fig. 1195.) 
Plants in large clumps, with thick 
knotty rhizomes, 2 to 3 m. tall or 
sometimes taller, glabrous through- 
out; blades usually 1 to 2 cm. wide, 
flat, scabrous on the margin; inflo- 
rescence 15 to 25 cm. long, the pistil- 
late part one-fourth the entire length 
or less, the terminal racemes usually 
2 or 3, sometimes only 1, those of the 
branches usually solitary; pistillate 


1] MaNGE.tsporF, P. C., and Reeves, R. G. Jour. 
Hered. 22: 329-343. 1931. Ibid., Texas Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 574 (monogr.): 1-315. 1939. 


spikelets 7 to 10 mm. long, the joints 
rhombic; staminate spikelets 7 to 11 
mm. long, both of a pair nearly 
sessile, the glumes rather chartaceous. 
II —Sw ales, banks of streams, and 
moist places, Massachusetts to Michi- 
gan, Iowa, and Nebraska, south to 
Florida, Oklahoma, and Texas: West 
Indies. TRIPSACUM DACTYLOIDES var. 
OCCIDENTALE Cutler and Anders. Dif- 
ferentiated on softer staminate glumes 
more than 9 mm. long, tapering to 
an acute tip. 2 —Texas. Exami- 
nation of a large number of specimens 
shows the length and texture of 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 791 


Wh a\ a - 
Ny AAA 
\ \ \ 


\\\ 


| SAN 

\K ee S\ 
i yl x IS VE i 
le \ \t WOW HA 


(Nga 70° 
\ \h \} BT yay 
Wee 


Figure 1195.—Tripsacum dactyloides. Plant, X 4; pistillate spikelets with rachis joint and pair of staminate 
spikelets with rachis joint, X 5. (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 229, Va.) 


792 


FiguRE 1196.—Tripsacum floridanum, X 1. (Hitch- 
cock 686, Fla.) 


staminate glumes to vary greatly, 
often in a single raceme. Occasional 
specimens with glumes 10 to 11 mm. 
long, soft or firm, are found also in 
Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Virginia, 
Tennessee, and Oklahoma, the plants 
not differing otherwise from the 
species. 

2. Tripsacum florid4anum Porter 
ex Vasey. FLORIDA GAMAGRASS. (Fig. 
1196.) Smaller than 7’. dactyloides in 
all ways, commonly less than 1 m. 
tall; blades mostly 1 to 4 mm. wide; 
terminal and axillary racemes usually 
soltary (rarely 2 or more). 2A — 
Low rocky pinelands, southern Flor- 
ida. 

3. Tripsacum lanceolatum Rupr. 
MEXICAN GAMAGRASS. (Fig. 1197.) 
Resembling 7. dactyloides; sheaths, 
especially the lower, sometimes his- 
pid; blades often hispidulous on the 
upper surface; racemes more slender 
with smaller spikelets than in T. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Figure 1197.—Tripsacum lanceolatum, X 1. (Lem- 
mon, Ariz.) 


dactyloides, the terminal racemes usu- 
ally 3 to 5; staminate spikelets mem- 
branaceous, one of the pair distinctly 
pediceled. 2 (T. lemmonz Vasey.) 
—Rocky hills, Huachuca and Mule 
Mountains, Ariz.; Mexico to Gua- 
temala. 


167. EUCHLAENA Schrad. 
TEOSINTE 


Staminate spikelets as in Zea; 
pistillate spikelets solitary on oppo- 
site sides, sunken in cavities in the 
hardened joints of an obliquely ar- 
ticulate rachis, the indurate first 
glume covering the cavity; second 
glume membranaceous, the lemma 
hyaline. Spikes infolded in foliaceous 
spathes or husks, 2 to several of these 
together enclosed in the leaf sheaths. 
Robust annuals and perennials with 


os 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 793 


i 
Irby SN Vet Wid SV 
\}\ tp ate 
ee ~ yu a \e \ AY (0 
~ f »yY \\\" 
) e iy, Wi 


Figure 1198.—Euchlaena mexicana. Plant, much reduced; pistillate inflorescence enclosed in bract (a) and with 
portion of bract removed (b), X 1; lateral view of rachis joint and fertile spikelet (c), and dorsal view of same, » 
showing first glume (d), X 2. (Cult.) 


794 


broad flat blades, terminal panicles 
of staminate spikelets, and axillary 
spikes of pistillate spikelets. Type 
species, Huchlaena mexicana. Name 
from Greek eu, well, and chlaina, 
cloak, alluding to the husks hiding 
the pistillate inflorescence. 

1. Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. 
TEOSINTE. (Fig. 1198.) Tall annual, 
resembling maize, the culms branch- 
ing at base, 2 to 3 or even 5 m. tall; 
blades as much as 8 cm. wide. © 
—Occasionally cultivated in the 
Southern States for green forage; 
Mexico. Closely related to maize and 
readily hybridizing with it. 

2. Euchlaena perénnis Hitchc., 
MPrxXICAN TEOSINTE, a perennial spe- 


cies from Mexico, is cultivated at the © 


substation of the agricultural college, 
Angleton, Tex., Sacaton, Ariz., and 
probably at other points. Established 
on James Island, 8. C. It propagates 
by creeping rhizomes. 


LGS. ARAM. 


Spikelets unisexual; staminate 
spikelets 2-flowered, in pairs, on one 
side of a continuous rachis, one nearly 
sessile, the other pedicellate; glumes 
membranaceous, acute; lemma and 
palea hyaline; pistillate spikelets ses- 
sile, in pairs, consisting of 1 fertile 
floret and 1 sterile floret, the latter 
sometimes developed as a_ second 
fertile floret; glumes broad, rounded 
or emarginate at apex; sterile and 
fertile lemmas hyaline, the palea 
developed; style very long and slen- 
der, stigmatic along both sides well 
toward the base. Robust annual, with 
terminal panicles (tassels) of stami- 
nate racemes, and short-peduncled, 
pistillate, 8- to many-rowed spikes 
(ears) enclosed in numerous spathes 
(husks). Type species, Zea mays. 
Name Greek zea, or zeta, a kind of 
erain. 

1. Zea mays L. Maize, INDIAN 
corn. (Fig. 1199.) Tall robust monoe- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


cious annual, with overlapping sheaths 
and broad, conspicuously distichous 
blades; staminate spikelets in long 
spikelike racemes, these numerous, 
forming large spreading terminal pan- 
icles; pistillate inflorescence in the 
axils of the leaves, the spikelets in 
8 to 16 or even as many as 30 rows 
on a thickened, almost woody axis 
(cob), the whole enclosed in nu- 
merous large foliaceous bracts or 
spathes, the long styles (silk) pro- 
truding from the summit as a mass 
of silky threads; grains at maturity 
greatly exceeding the glumes. © 
—Maize or Indian corn is one of the 
important economic plants of the 
world, being cultivated for food for 
man and domestic animals and for 
forage. It originated!® in America, 
probably on the Mexican Plateau, 
and was cultivated from prehistoric 
times by the early races of American 
aborigines, from Peru to middle 
North America. Several races of 
maize are grown in the United States,!9 
the most important being dent, the 
common commercial field sort, flint, 
sweet, and pop. Pod corn (Z. mays 
var. tunicata Larr. ex St. Hiail.), 
occasionally cultivated as a curiosity, 
is a variety in which each kernel is 
enveloped in the elongate glumes. A 
variety with variegated leaves (Z. 
mays var. japonica (Van Houtte) 
Wood) is cultivated for ornament. 

18 For a note on the origin of maize, see COLLINS, 
G. N. THE ORIGIN OF MAIZE. Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 
2: 520-530. 1912. 

19 See the following publications: 

MancGetsporr, P. C.and REEVES, R. G. THE ORIGIN 
OF INDIAN CORN AND ITS RELATIVES. Tex. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 574 (monogr.): 1-315. 1939. Reeves, R. 
G. and Maneetsporr, P. C. Amer. Jour. Bot. 29: 815- 
817. 1942. SrurtTEvant, E. L. VARIETIES OF CORN. 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Off. Expt. Sta. Bul. 57, 108 pp. 1899. 
TapLey, W. T., Enzie, W. D., and Van ESELTINE, 
G. P., N. Y. State Agr. Expt. Sta. Rpt., 1934. 1934. 
W EATHERWAX, PAUL, MORPHOLOGY OF THE FLOWERS 
OF ZEA MAYS. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 43: 127-144. 
1916. DEVELOPMENT OF SPIKELETS OF ZEA MAYS. 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 43: 483-496. 1917; THE EVO- 
LUTION OF MAIZE. Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 45: 309-342. 
1918; THE STORY OF THE MAIZE PLANT. 247 pp. illus. 


Chicago, Ill., 1923; THE PHYLOGENY OF ZEA MAYS. 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 16: 1-71. 1935. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 795 


Figure 1199.—Zea mays. Pistillate inflorescence (ear) and 2 branches of staminate inflorescence (tassel), x: 
pair of pistillate spikelets attached to rachis (cob) with mature grains, the second glume showing, X 2; 
single pistillate spikelet soon after flowering, X 4; staminate spikelet, X 2. (Cult.) 


796 
SYNONYMY 


The following names have appeared 
in botanical literature as applied to 
grasses growing in the United States. 
For grasses introduced into the 
United States from other countries 
there are here given only the names 
appearing in American works. No 
attempt has been made to present 
the complex synonymy for these 
introduced grasses given in foreign 
works. The synonymy for the generic 
names will be found in The Genera 
of Grasses of the United States. 
Genera not included in this work 
nor in Manual, ed. 1, and a few 
changes in generic names will be 
found in the Appendix, page 1001. 

For quick reference the names of 
genera and valid species are arranged 
in alphabetic order, the names in 
blackface type. The synonyms, in 
italics, are arranged chronologically 
under the-names to which they are 
referred. The numbers in parentheses 
are the numbers these genera and 
species bear in the body of this work. 


(44) AEGILOPS L. 


(1) Aegilops cylindrica Host, Icon. Gram. 
Austr. 2: 6. pl. 7. 1802. Southern 
Europe. 

Triticum cylindricum Ces., Pass. and Gib., 
Comp. Fl. Ital. 86. 1867. Presum- 
ably based on Aegilops cylindrica Host. 

(3) Aegilops ovata L., Sp. Pl. 1050. 1753. 
Southern Europe. 

Triticum ovatum Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5:435. 1825. Based on A. ovata L. 

(2) Aegilops triuncialis L., Sp. Pl. 1051. 
1753. Mediterranean region. 

Triticum triunciale Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. 
Bot. 5: 485. 1825. Based on A. tri- 
uncialis L. 


(96) AEGOPOGON Humb. and Bonpl. 
ex Willd. 


(1) Aegopogon tenellus (DC.) Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 164. 1824. Based on Lamarckia 
tenella DC., though Trinius cites not 
that but A. pusillus Beauv., in Roem. 
and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 805. 1817. 
Roemer and Schultes cite L. tenella 
DC., obviously the basis of Trinius’ 
name, as synonym of A. pusillus 
Beauv., which, however, is the same as 
A. cenchroides Humb. and Bonpl. (not 
known from the U, S.). 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Lamarckia tenella DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 
120. 1813. Grown in Montpellier, or- 
igin unknown, probably Mexico. 

Cynosurus tenellus Cav. ex DC., Cat. 
Hort. Monsp. 120. 1813, as synonym 
of Lamarckia tenella DC. 

Hymenothecium unisetum Lag., Gen. and 
Sp. Nov. 4. 1816. Grown from Mexi- 
can seed sent by Sessé. 

Hymenothecium tenellum Lag., Gen. and 
Sp. Nov. 4. 1816. Based on Cyno- 
surus tenellus Cav. 

Aegopogon unisetus Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 805. 1817. Based on 
Hymenothecitum unisetum Lag. 

Schellingia tenera Steud., Flora 33: 232. 
1850. Mexico, Galeotti 5750. 

Aegopogon geminiflorus var. wunisetus 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 71. 1886. Based 
on A. unisetus Roem. and Schult. 

Chloris pedicellata Steud. ex Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 71. 1886, as synonym of A. 
geminiflorus H. B. K. Misapplied by 
Fournier. 

Aegopogon geminiflorus var. abortivus 
Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 71. 1886. Bour- 
geau 750 bis and Schaffner 7, both in 
the Paris Herbarium and cited by 
Fournier have been examined. Both are 
short-awned specimens of A. tenellus. 

Aegopogon tenellus var. abortivus Beetle, 
Wyo. Univ. Pub. 137: 18. 1948. Based 
on A. geminiflorus var. abortivus Fourn. 


(42) AGROPYRON Gaertn. 


(9) Agropyron albicans Scribn. and Smith, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
32. 1897. Yogo Gulch, Mont., Ryd- 
berg 3405. 

(20) Agropyron arizonicum Scribn. and 
Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 4: 27. 1897. New Mexico, Ari- 
zona [type, Rincon Mountains, Nealley 
67], and Chihuahua, Mexico. 

Agropyron caninum var. majus Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 32. 1883. 
Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., Pringle. 

Agropyron spicatum var. arizonicum 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 19. 
1912. Based on A. arizonicum Scribn. 
and Smith. 

Elymus arizonicus Gould, Madrofio 9: 
125. 1947. Based on Agropyron arizoni- 
cum Scribn. and Smith. 

(15) Agropyron bakeri E. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 


38: 378. 1904. Pagosa Peak, Colo., 
Baker 139. 

Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 102, 146. 1812. Based on T7rit- 
icum caninum L. 

Triticum caninum L., Sp. Pl. 86. 1753. 


Europe. 
Elymus caninus L., Fl. Suec. ed. 2. 39. 
1755. Based on Triticum caninum L. 
Zeia canina Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
226. 1915. Based on Triticum cani- 
num L. 


i 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Roegneria canina Nevski in Komarov, FI. 
U. R. S. S. 2: 617. 1984. Based on 
Triticum caninum L. 

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Nov. 
Comm. Petrop. 14: 540. 1770. Based 
on Bromus cristatus L. 

Bromus cristatus L., Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. 
Northern Asia. 

Triticum cristatum Schreb., Beschr. Gras. 
2: 12. pl. 23. f. 2. 1769. Based on 
Bromus cristatus L. 

Avena cristata Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 2: 758. 1817, as synonym of Ag- 
ropyron cristatum Gaertn. 

Costia cristata Willk. Bot. Ztg. 16: 377. 
1858. Based on Bromus cristatus L. 

Eremopyrum cristatum Willk. and Lange, 
Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 108. 1870. Pre- 
sumably based on Bromus cristatus L. 

Zeia cristata Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
226. 1915. Based on Agropyron cris- 
tatum Gaertn. 

_ (6) Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 78. 1883. 
Based on Triticum repens var. dasy- 
stachyum Hook. 

Triticum repens var. dasystachyum Hook., 
Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 254. 1840. Sas- 
katchewan, Richardson. The type has 
villous lemmas. 

Triticum repens var. subvillosum Hook.., 
Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 254. 1840. Mackenzie 
River, Canada, Richardson. The type 
has scabrous-pubescent lemmas. 

Triticum dasystachyum A. Gray, Man. 
602. 1848. Based on TJ. repens var. 
dasystachyum Hook. 

Agropyron dasystachyum var. subvillosum 
Scribn. and Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 33. 1897. Based 
on Triticum repens var. subvillosum 
Hook. 

Agropyron lanceolatum Scribn. and Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
34. 1897. Idaho [type, Blackfoot, 
Palmer 266], Washington and Oregon. 

Triticum repens acutum Vasey ex Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 34. 1897, as synonym 
of A. lanceolatum Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron subvillosum KE. Nels., Bot. Gaz. 
38: 378. 1904. Based on Triticum 
repens var. subvillosum Hook. 

Zeia dasystachyum Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 226. 1915. Based on Triticum 
repens var. dasystachyum Hook. 

Elymus subvillosus Gould, Madrofio 9: 
127. 1947. Based on Triticum repens 
var. subvillosum Hook. 

Elymus lanceolatus Gould, Madrofio 10: 
94, 1949. Presumably based on Agro- 
pyron lanceolatum Scribn. and Smith. 
Not Elymus dasystachys Trin., 1829. 

(1) Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult., 
Mantissa 2: 412. 1824. Based on Triti- 
cum desertorum Fisch. 

Triticum desertorum Fisch. ex Link, 


LOG 


Enum. Pl. 1: 97. 1821. Desert Cumano 
[along River Kuma, southeastern Euro- 
pean Russia]. 

(7) Agropyron elmeri Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 54. pl. 12. 
1898. Snake River, Wash., Hlmer 759. 

(10) Agropyron griffithsi Scribn. and Smith 
ex Piper, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 18: 148. 
1905. North Fork Clear River, Wyo., 
Williams and Griffiths 140. 

(19) Agropyron inerme (Scribn. and Smith) 
Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 36: 539. 
1909. Based on A. divergens var. inerme 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron divergens var. inerme Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 27. 1897. British Co- 
lumbia to Utah and Idaho [type Hen- 
derson 3058]. 

Agropyron spicatum inerme Heller, N. 
Amer. Pl. Cat. ed. 2. 3. 1900. Based 
on Agropyron divergens var. inerme 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 102, 146. 1812. Based on T'rit- 
tcum intermedium Host. 

Triticum intermedium Host, Gram. Austr. 
3:23. 1805. Austria. 

Triticum glaucum Desf. ex DC., Fl. Franc. 
5:281. 1815. Not 7. glawcum Moench, 
1794. France. 

Agropyron glaucum Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2:752. 1817. Based on T'rit- 
acum glaucum Desf. 

Braconotia glauca Godr., Fl. Lorr. 3: 192. 
1844. Based on Triticum glaucum Desf. 

Agropyron repens glaucum Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5: 57. 1894. Based on 
Triticum glaucum Desf., but misapplied 
to A. smithit Rydb. 

Zeia glauca Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
226. 1915. Based on Triticum glaucum 
Desf., but misapplied to A. smithir 
Rydb. 

Elytrigia intermedia Nevski, Akad. Nauk 
5S. S. S. R. Bot Inst. Trudy I. (Acad. 
Sci. U. R. 8.8. Inst. Bot. Acta I. Flora 
et Syst. Plant. Vasc.) 1: 14.. 1933. 
Based on Triticum intermedium Host. 

Agropyron junceum (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 102, 146, 180. 1812. Based on 
Triticum junceum L. 

Triticum junceum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 327. 
1771. Europe. 

Festuca juncea Moench, Meth. Pl. 190. 
1794. Based on Triticum junceum L. 

Braconotia juncea Godr., Fl. Lorr. 3: 192. 
1844. Based on Triticum junceum L. 

Elytrigia juncea Nevski, Akad. Nauk 
S. S. S. R. Bot. Inst. Trudy I. (Acad. 
Sci. U. R. 8. 8S. Inst. Bot. Acta I. Flora 
et Syst. Plant. Vasc.) 1:17. 1933; 2: 
83. 1936. Based on Triticum junceum L. 

Elymus multinodus Gould, Madrofio 9: 
126. 1947. Based on Triticum junce- 
um L., not Elymus junceus Fisch. 

The names Agropyron junceum and A. 


798 


intermedium are here applied in accord with 

Ascherson and Graebner (Syn. Mitteleur. 

Fl. 2: 654, 662. 1901) under Triticum. 

Triticum junceum L. (Cent. Pl. 1:6. 1755; 

Amoen. Acad. 4: 266. 1759), which seems 

to have been generally ignored, appears to 

be the same as 7’. intermedium Host. Lin- 
naeus later (Mant. Pl. 2: 327. 1771) pub- 
lished a different species under the same 
name. This second name is the one used by 

Ascherson and Graebner and other Euro- 

pean botanists. The problem involves study 

of European types not here available. 

(14) Agropyron latiglume (Scribn. and 
Smith) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
36: 539. 1909. Based on A. violaceum 
var. latiglume Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron violaceum var. latiglume Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 30. 1897. Montana 
[type, Lone Mountain, Gallatin County, 
Tweedy 1011] to Alaska. 

Agropyron biflorum latiglume Piper, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 547. 1905. 
Based on A. violaceum var. latiglume 
Seribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron caninum var. latiglume Pease 
and Moore, Rhodora 12: 738. 1910. 
Based on A. violacewm var. latiglume 
Seribn. and Smith. 

Roegneria latiglumis Nevski, Akad. Nauk 
S. S. S. R. Bot Inst. Trudy I. (Acad. 
Sci. U. R. S. 8. Inst. Bot. Acta I. Flora 
et Syst. Plant. Vasc.) 2: 55. 1936. 
Based on Agropyron latiglume Rydb. 

(21) Agropyron parishii Scribn. and Smith, 
U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
28. 1897. San Bernardino Mountains, 
Calif., Parish 2054. 

Elymus stebbinsii Gould, Madronio 9: 126. 
1947. Based on Agropyron parishii 
Scribn. and Smith, not Elymus parishit 
Davy and Merr. 

AGROPYRON PARISHII var. LAEVE Scribn. and 
Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 4: 28. 1897. Cuyamaca Moun- 
tains, Calif., Palmer 414. 

Agropyron laeve Hitche. in Jepson, FI. 
Calif. 1: 181. 1912. Based on A. par- 
ishit var. laeve Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus pauciflorus subsp. laeve Gould, 
Madrono 9: 126. 1947. Based on Ag- 
ropyron parishii var. laeve Scribn. and 
Smith. 

(16) Agropyron pringlei (Scribn. and Smith) 
Hitche. in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 183. 
1912. Based on A. gmelini var. pringlet 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron gmelini® var pringlei Scribn. 
and Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 31. 1897. Wyoming 


2 Triticum caninum var. gmelini Griseb. in Ledeb., 
Teon. Pl. Ross. 3: 16. pl. 248. 1831, the basis of Agro- 
pyron gmelini Scribn. and Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 30. 1897, and of A. caninum 
var. gmelini Pease and Moore, Rhodora 12: 75. 1910, 
is a Siberian species not known from North America. 
See note under A. subsecundum. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


and California [type, Summit Valley, 
Pringle in 1882). 

Agropyron caninum var. gmelini forma 
pringlet Pease and Moore, Rhodora 12: 
76. 1910. Based on A. gmelini var. 
pringlet Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron spicatum var. pringlei Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14:-19. 1912. 
Based on A. gmelini var. pringlei 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus sierrus Gould, Madrofio 9: 125. 
1947. Based on Agropyron gmelini var. 
pringlet Scribn. and Smith, not Elymus 
pringler Scribn. and Merr., 1901. 

(4) Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. and 
Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 4: 34. 1897. Texas and Arizona 
to Nebraska [type, Kearney, Rydberg 
2018], Montana and British Columbia. 

Agropyron pseudorepens var. magnum 
Scribn. and Smith, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 35. 1897. Enter- 
prise, Colo., Rydberg 2401. 

Agropyron tenerum magnum Piper, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 32: 546. 1905. Based 
on A. pseudorepens var. magnum 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron tenerum var. ~pseudorepens 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 19. 
1912. Based on A. pseudorepens Scribn. 
and Smith. 

Zeia pseudorepens Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 226. 1915. Based on Agro- 
pyron pseudorepens Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus pauciflorus subsp. pseudorepens 
Gould, Madrofio 10: 94. 1949. Based 
on Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. and 
Smith. 

(3) Agropyron pungens (Pers.) Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 753. 1817. Based 
on Triticum pungens Pers. 

Triticum pungens Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 109. 
1805. England. 

Triticum repens var. pungens Duby in 
DC., Bot. Gall. 1: 529. 1828. Based 
on 7’. pungens Pers. 

Braconotia pungens Godr., Fl. Lorr. 3: 
192. 1844. Based on Triticum pungens 
Pers. 

Agropyron repens subsp. pungens Hook. 
f., Stud. Fl. ed. 3: 504. 1884. Based 
on A. pungens Roem. and Schult. 

Agropyron tetrastachys Scribn. and Smith, 

Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
32. 1897. Cape Elizabeth, Maine, 
Scribner in 1895. 

Elymus pauciflorus subsp. pseudorepens 
Gould, Madrofio 10: 94. 1949. Based 
on Agropyron pseudorepens Scribn. and 
Smith. 

(2) Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv., Ess. 


Agrost. 102, 146, 180. pl. 20,f. 2. 1812. 
Based on Triticum repens L. 
Triticum repens L., Sp. Pl. 86. 17583. 


Europe. 
Triticum infestum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 
27. 1796. Based on T. repens L. 


2? Triticum vaillantianum Wulf. and Schreb. 

| in Schweig. and Kérte, Spec. Fl. Erlang. 

1: 148. 1804. Germany. [This work 

| not in Washingten. From the descrip- 

| tion in ed. 2. 1: 143. 1811, this ap- 
pears to be an awned form of A. repens.] 

Braconotia officinarum Godr., Fl. Lorr. 3: 
192. 1844. Based on Triticum repens L. 

Elytrigia repens Desv. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 836. 1893. Based on Triticum 
repens L. 

Agropyron repens var. pilosum Scribn. in 
Rand and Redfield, Fl. Mt. Desert 183. 
1894. Mount Desert, Maine, Rand. 

Agropyron repens forma geniculatum Far- 
well, Detroit Commr. Parks and Boul. 
Ann. Rpt. 11: 48. 1900. Detroit, 
Mich., Farwell 1635. 

Agropyron repens forma stoleniferum Far- 
well, Detroit Commr. Parks and Boul. 
Ann. Rpt. 11: 48. 1900. Detroit, Far- 
well 1634. 

Zeia repens Luneli, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
ae 1915. Based on Triticum repens 


Agropyron repens forma pilosum Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 184. 1933. Based on A. 
repens var. pilosum Scribn. 

Agropyron repens var. subulatum forma, 
heberhachis Fernald, Rhodora 35: 184. 
1933. Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Long 
and Linder 20,091. 

Agropyron repens var. subulatum forma 
setiferum Fernald, Rhodora 35: 184. 
1933. Chelsea Beach, Mass., Boott in 
1868. : 

?Agropyron repens var. subulatum forma 
vaillantianum Fernald, Rhodora 35: 
184. 1933. Based on Triticum vail- 
lantianum Wulf. and Schreb. 

Elymus repens Gould, Madrofio 9: 127. 
1947. Based on Triticum repens L. 

Agropyron leersianum (Wulf.) Rydb. 

(Brittonia 1: 85. 1931), based on “Triti- 
cum repens leersianum Wulfen” (apparently 
error for 7’. leersianum Wulf.) is applied to 
awned specimens of A. repens. The name, 
ultimately based on a description and figure 
named “‘Hlymus caninus L.” by Leers (FI. 
Herborn. 46. pl. 12.f.4. 1775), is uncertain. 
The figure, showing paired spikelets, ap- 
pears to represent a species of Hlymus. 
(8) Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
35. 1897. Montana [type, Garrison, 
Rydberg 2127}. 

Agropyron smithit var. riparium Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 19. 1912. 
Based on A. riparium Scribn. and 
Smith. 

Zeta riparia Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
227. 1915. Based on Agropyron ripa- 
rium Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus riparius Gould, Madrofio 9: 127. 
1947. Not H. riparius Wiegand, 1918. 
Based on Agropyron ripartum Seribn. 
and Smith, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


799 


Elymus rydbergiit Gould, Madrofio 10: 94. 
1949. Based on Agropyron riparium 
Scribn. and Smith. Not LHlymus ri- 
parvus Wiegand. 

(23) Agropyron saundersii (Vasey) Hitche., 
Wash. Biol. Soc. Proc. 41: 159. 1928. 
Based on Elymus saundersii Vasey. 

Elymus saundersit Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 11: 126. 1884. Veta Pass, 
Colo. [Vasey]. 

(22) Peconeron saxicola (Scribn. and Smith) 

Piper, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 
148. 1906. Based on Elymus saxicola 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus saxicola Scribn. and Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 56. 
pl. 15. 1898. Mt. Chapaca, Wash., 
Elmer 554. 

Sitanion flecuosum Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 
1899. Wawawai, Wash., Piper 3004. 
Sitanion lanceolatum J. G. Smith, U. 8 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 20. 

1899. Barker, Mont., Rydberg 3381. 

Agropyron flecuosum Piper, Wash. Biol. 
Soc. Proc. 18: 149: 1905. Based on 
Sitanion flecuosum Piper. 

Agropyron sitantoides J. G. Smith in Piper, 
Wash. Biol. Soc. Proc. 18: 149. 1905. 
Rapid City, S. Dak., Griffiths 735. 

(17) Agropyron scribneri Vasey, ‘Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 10: 128. 1883. Mon- 
tana, Scribner in 1883. 

Elymus scribneri Jones, West. Bot. Con- 
trib. 14: 20. 1912. Based on Agropy- 
ron scribnert Vasey. 

Agropyron semicestatum (Steud.) Nees ex 
Boiss., F]. Orient. 5: 662. 1884. Pre- 
sumably based on T'riticwm semicosta- 
tum Steud. 

Triticum semicostatum Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 346. 1854. Nepal. 

Agropyron japonicum Tracy, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Ann. Rpt. 1891: 6. 
1892. Name only; Vasey ex Wickson, 
Calif.Agr. Expt. Sta. Rpt. 1895-1897: 
275. pl. 14. f. 1. 1898. Erroneously 
listed as Brachypodium japonicum Miq. 
by Scribner, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 14 (rev.): 22: 1900. 

Roegneria semicostata Kitag., Manchukuo 
Inst. Sci. Res. Rpt. 3 (App. I): 91. 
1939. Based on Triticum semicostatuim 
Steud. 

Agropyron sibiricum (Willd.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 102, 146, 181. 1812. Based on 
Triticum sibiricum Willd. 

Triticum sibirtcum Willd., imum. Pl. 135. 
1809. Siberia. 

(5) Agropyron smithii Rydb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Mem. 1: 64. 1900. (Feb.) Based 
on A. spicatum as Cee by Scribner 
and Smith (U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 33. 1897), (“type * * # 
Geyer, upper Missouri’’], not Festuca 
spicata Pursh, upon which they based 
the name. 

Agropyron glaucum var. occidentale Scribn., 


800 
Kans: Acad. @lranss.Oe olla nl eso. 
Kansas. Scribner later (Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5: 57. 1894) ealled this 
A. repens glaucum, but he based that 
name on J'riticum glaucum Desf. 

Agropyron occidentale Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 9. 1900. 
(Dec.) Based on A. glaucum var. occi- 
dentale Scribn. 

Zeia occidentalis Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4: 226. 1915. Based on Agropyron 
occidentale Seribn. 

Zeia smithiit Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
227. 1915. Based on Agropyron 
smithit Rydb. 

Agropyron spicatum var. viride Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 356. 1920. 
Detroit, Mich., Farwell 851e. 

Elymus smithii Gould, Madrofio 9: 127. 
1947. Based on Agropyron smithit 
Rydb. 

Agropyron smithiti var. typica Waterf., 
Rhodora 51: 21. 1949. Based on A. 
smithit Rydb. 

AGROPYRON SMITHII var. MOLLE (Scribn. and 
Smith) Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 
18. 1912. Based on A. spicatum var. 
molle Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron spicatum var. molle Scribn. and 
Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 4: 33. 1897. Saskatchewan to 
Colorado, New Mexico, Idaho, and 
Washington. [Type, Montana, Rydberg 
3193.] 

Agropyron molle Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Mem. 1:65. 1900. Based on A. spica- 
tum var. molle Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron occidentale var. molle Scribn.., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 
9. 1900. Based on A. spicatum var. 
molle Scribn. and Smith. 

Zeia mollis Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
226. 1915. Based on Agropyron spica- 
tum var. molle Scribn. and Smith. 

AGROPYRON SMITHII var. PALMERI Heller, N. 
Amer. Pl. Cat. ed. 2:8. 1900. Based on 
A. spicatum var. palmeri Scribn. and 
Smith. (Published as A. smithii pal- 
meri. ) 

Agropyron spicatum var. palmeri Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 383. 1897. Arizona 
[type Palmer in 1869] and New Mexico. 

Agropyron occidentale var. palmer Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 
9. 1900. Based on A. spicatum var. 
palmert Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron palmeri Rydb., Colo. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: 55. 1906. Based on 
A. spicatum var. palmeri Scribn. and 
Smith. 

(18) Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 33. 1897. Based on 
Festuca spicata Pursh, but due to mis- 
identification of Pursh’s species, mis- 
applied to Agropyron smithii Rydb. 


MI1sC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Festuca spicata Pursh, F]. Amer. Sept. 1: 
83. 1814. Missouri and Columbia 
Rivers [type from Columbia River, 
Lewis and Clark in 1806]. 

Schedonorus spicatus Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 707. 1817. Based on Fes- 
tuca spicata Pursh. 

Triticum divergens Nees ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 347. 1854. North Amer- 
ica, Douglas. 

Agropyron divergens Vasey, Descr. Cat. 
Grasses U. 8. 96. 1885. Presumably 
based on Triticum divergens Nees. 

Agropyron divergens var. tenue Vasey, 
Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 96. 1885. 
Name only; in Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 
24: 242. 1888. Name only. 

Agropyron divergens var. tenuispicum 
Seribn. and Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 27. 1897. Wash- 
ington and Oregon [type, Howell 181] 
to Wyoming and Montana. 

Agropyron vaseyi Scribn. and Smith, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 27. 
1897. Oregon and Washington to Wyo- 
ming and Colorado. [Type, Montana, 
Rydberg 2299.] 

Agropyron spicatum tenuispicum Rydb., 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 61. 1900. 
Based on A. divergens var. tenwispicum 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron spicatum var. vaseyi E. Nels., 
Bot. Gaz. 38: 378. 1904. Based on A. 
vaseyt Scribn. and Smith. 

Zeia spicata Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
227. 1915. Based on Festuca spicata 
Pursh. 

Elymus spicatus Gould, Madrofio 9: 125. 
1947. Based on Festuca spicata Pursh. 

This is the species called Triticum strigo- 

sum Less., by Thurber (S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 

2: 324. 1880), and Agropyron strigosum by 

Coulter (Rocky Mount. Man. 426. 1885, 

the name erroneously ascribed to Beauv.). 

Not 7. strigosum Less., of the Caspian re- 

gion, nor A. strigosum (Bieb.) Boiss. (1884) 

of Asia Minor. 

AGROPYRON SPICATUM var. PUBESCENS 
Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36:52. 1903. Mount 
Stuart, Wash., Hlmer 1158. 

Agropyron spicatum puberulentum Piper, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 147. 
1906. Based on Agropyron spicatum var. 
pubescens Elmer. 

(12) Agropyron subsecundum (Link) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 181. 
1934. Based on Triticum subsecundum 
Link. 

Triticum subsecundum Link, Hort. Berol. 
2: 190. 1833. Garden plant, seed col- 
lected by Richardson in western North 
America. 

Triticum richardsoni Schrad., Linnaea 12: 
467. 1838. North America. 

Agropyron richardsoni Schrad., Linnaea 
12:467. 1838, assynonym of Triticum 
richardsont Schrad. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 801 


Cryptopyrum richardsont Heynh., Nom. 
2: 174. 1846, as synonym of T'riticum 
richardsoni Schrad. 

Agropyron unilaterale Cassidy, Colo. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 12: 63. 1890. Not A. 
unilaterale Beauv., 1812. Colorado. 

Agropyron caninum var. untlaterale Vasey, 

. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 279. 
1893. Based on A. unilaterale Cassidy, 
though Vasey adds: ‘““Type specimen 
collected by F. Lamson-Scribner in 
Montana in 1883 (no. 422).”’ 

Agropyron violaceum forma caninoides 
Ramaley, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 108. 
1894. Minnesota, Macmillan and Shel- 
don 84. 

Agropyron caninum forma violacescens 
Ramaley, Minn. Bot. Studies 1: 107. 
1894. Based on A. caninum var. uni- 
laterale Vasey. 

Agropyron violacescens Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 635. 1896. Based on A. 
caninum forma violacescens Pound 
(error for Ramaley). 

Agropyron caninoides Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 640. 1896. Based on A. 
violaceum forma caninoides Ramaley. 

Agropyron caninum var pubescens Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 29. 1897. British Col- 
umbia, Macoun 99. 

Agropyron richardsoni var. ciliatum 
Scribn. and Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 29. 1897. Mon- 
tana, Belt Mountains, Scribner in 1883. 

Agropyron caninum forma glaucum Pease 
and Moore, Rhodora 12: 71. 1910. 
Maine, Fernald 1367. 

Agropyron caninum var. untlaterale forma 
ciliatum Pease and Moore, Rhodora 12: 
76. 1910. Based on A. richardsoni var. 
ciliatum Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron caninum var. richardsoni Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 18. 1912. 
Based on Triticum richardsoni “Trin,” 
(error for Schrad.). 

Zeia richardsoni Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4: 227. 1915. Based on Agropyron 
richardsoni Schrad. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. unilaterale 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 46. 1932. Based on A. 
untlaterale Cassidy. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. ciliatum 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 47. 1932. Based on A. 
richardsoni var. ciliatum Scribn. and 
Smith. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. caerulescens 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
19380 (Bul. 68): 47. 1932. Vancouver 
Island, Malte. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucum 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 47. 1932. Based on A. 
caninum forma glaucum Pease and 
Moore. 


Agropyron trachycaulum var. pilosiglume 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 48. 1982. Victoria, 
Vancouver Island, Macoun. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. hirsutum 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 48. 1932. Victoria, 
Vancouver Island, Macoun. 

Elymus pauciflorus subsp. subsecundus 
Gould, Madrofio 9: 126. 1947. Based 
on Triticum subsecundum Link. 

This is the species which has been gen- 
erally called Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. 
by American authors. Most of the specimens 
cited under A. gmelini Scribn. and Smith 
(U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 30. 
1897) belong to A. subsecunduwm, but the 
name was based in Triticum caninum var. 
gmelini Griseb., a Siberian species. 
AGROPYRON SUBSECUNDUM var. ANDINUM 

(Seribn. and Smith) Hitche., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 21: 1382. 1934. Based on 
A. violaceum andinum Scribn. and 
Smith. 

Agropyron violaceum var. andinum Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 30. 1897. Colorado. 
[Type, Grays Peak, Jones 720.] 

Agropyron brevifolium Scribn., U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 55. pl. 13. 
1898. Washington, Elmer 676. 

Agropyron biflorum andinum Piper, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 547. 1905. 
Based on A. violaceum var. andinum 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron andinum Rydb., Colo. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: 54. 1906. Based 
on A. violaceum var. andinum Scribn. 
and Smith. 

Agropyron caninum var. andinum Pease 
and Moore, Rhodora 12: 75. 1910. 
Based on A. violacewm var. andinum 
Scribn. and Smith. 

(13) Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte, 
Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 1930. 
(Bul. 68): 42. 1932. Based on T'riti- 
cum trachycaulum Link. 

Triticum pauciflorum Schwein., in Keat., 
Narr. Exped. St. Peter’s River 2: 383. 
1824. Prairies of the St. Peter [Minn.], 
Say in 1823. Not A. pauciflorum Schur, 
1859. 

? Triticum missuricum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 325. 1825. Missouri River. Festuca 
spicata Pursh erroneously cited as syn- 
onym. The type has not been found. 
A specimen of Agropyron irachycaulum 
in the Vienna Herbarium, collected by 
Geyer, ‘Missouri’ in 1839 (long after 
the name was published), is labeled 
T. missuricum Spreng. There are no 
rhizomes. Sprengel’s description is in- 
adequate, but applies to A. trachy- 
caulum. Triticum repens and other 
species having rhizomes are described 
as having “radice repente,”’ while 7’. 
missuricum is not so described. 


802 


Triticum trachycaulum Link, Hort. Berol. 
2: 189. 1833. Grown from seed col- 
lected by Richardson in North America. 

Agropyron trachycaulon Steud., Syn. PI. 


Glum. 1: 344. 1854. Garden name as 
aynan yn of Triticum trachycaulum 
ink. 


Crithopyrum trachycaulon Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 344. 1854. Garden name, 
as synonym of Triticum trachycaulum 
Link. 

Agropyron tenerum Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 
258. 1885. Rocky Mountains. [Type, 
Fort Garland, Colo., Vasey in 1884.] 

Agropyron violaceum var. majus Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1:280. 1893. 
Oregon, Cusick 1134. 


Agropyron repens var. tenerum Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 637. 1896. Based 
on A. tenerum Vasey. 

Agropyron tenerum var. longifolium 


Scribn. and Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 4:30. 1897. Oregon, 
Giant’s [error for Grant’s] Pass, Howell 
256. 

Agropyron tenerum var. ciliatum Scribn. 
and Smith, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4: 30. 1897. Minnesota 
[type, Duluth, Vasey in 1881] to Ne- 
braska and Utah. 

Agropyron novae-angliae Scribn. in Brain., 
Jones, and Eggl., Fl. Vt. 103. 19900. 
Westmore, Vt., Grout and Eggleston in 
1894. 

Agropyron tenerum majus Piper, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 32: 543. 1905. Based 
on A. violacewm var. major Vasey. 

Agropyron tenerum trichocoleum Piper, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 546. 1905. 
Based on A. tenerum var. ciliatum 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron caninum var. tenerum Pease 
and Moore, Rhodora 12: 71. 1910. 
Based on A. tenerum Vasey. 

Agropyron caninum var. tenerum forma 
ciliatum Pease and Moore, Rhodora 12: 
72. 1910. Based on A. tenerum var. 
ciliatum Seribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron caninum var. tenerum forma 
fernaldii Pease and Moore, Rhodora 12: 
73. 1910. Quebec, Macoun Herb. Geol. 
Survey Canada 68978. 

Agropyron caninum var. hornemanni 
forma pilosifoliwm Pease and Moore, 
Rhodora 12: 75. 1910. Dead River, 
Maine, Fernald 576. 

Zeia tenera Lunell, Amer. Midl: Nat. 4: 
227. 1915. Based on Agropyron tene- 
rum Vasey. 

Agropyron tenerum var. novae-angliae Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 355. 
1920. Based on A. novae-angliae Scribn. 

Agropyron missuricum Farwell, Amer. 
Midl. Natl. 12: 48. 19380. Based on 
Triticum missuricum Spreng. 


Agropyron trachycaulum var. tenerum 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 


1930 (Bul. 68): 44. 
tenerum Vasey. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucescens 
Malte, C 
1930 (Bul. 68): 45. 
ewan, Malte. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. trichocoleum 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 45. 1932. Based on A. 
tenerum trichocoleum Piper. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. fernaldii 
Malte, Canada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. 
1930 (Bul. 68): 46. 1932. Based on A. 
caninum var. tenerum forma fernaldii 
Pease and Moore. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. majus Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 35: 171. 1933. Based 
on A. violaceum var. major Vasey. 

Agropyron trachycaulum var. novae-angliae 
Fernald, Rhodora 35: 174. 1933. 
Based on A. novae-angliae Scribn. 

Agropyron pauciflorum Hitche., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 21: 132. 1934. Based on 
Triticum pauciflorum Schwein. Not A. 
pauciflorum Schur., 1859. 

Roegneria trachycaulon Nevski in Koma- 
rov, Fl. U. R. 8.8. 2:599. 1934. Based 
on Triticum trachycaulum Link. 

Roegneria pauciflora Hylander, Uppsala 
Univ. Arsk. 7: 36, 89. 1945. Based on 
Triticum pauciflorum Schwein. 

Elymus pauciflorus Gould, Madrofio 9: 
126. 1947. Based on Triticum pauct- 
florum Schwein. Not Elymus pauci- 
florus Lam., 1791. 

Alpine forms of this species have been re- 
ferred to Agropyron violaceum (Hornem.) 
Lange and to A. biflorum (Brign.) Roem. 
and Schult. 

Agropyron trichophorum (Link) Richt., Pl. 
Eur. 1: 124. 1890. Based on Triticum 
trichophorum Link. 

Triticum trichophorum Link, Linnaea 17: 
395. 1843. Europe. 

Elytrigia trichophora Nevski, Acta Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b, Bot. 17: 57. 1934. 
Based on Triticum trichophorum Link. 

Agropyron triticeum Gaertn., Nov. Comm. 
Petrop. 14!: 540. 1770. Russia. 

Secale prostratum Pall., Reise Prov. Russ. 
Reich. Anhang 1: 485. 1771. Russia. 

Triticum prostratum L. f., Sup. Pl. 114. 
1781. Based on Secale prostratum Pall. 

Agropyron prostratum Beauv., _ Ess. 
Agrost. 102, 146. 1812. Based on 
Triticum prostratum L. f. 

(11) Agropyron vulpinum (Rydb.) Hitche., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21:132. 1934. Based 
on Elymus vulpinus Rydb. 

Elymus vulpinus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 540. 1909. Grant County, 
Nebr., Rydberg 1617. 

Agropyron richardsoni vulpinus Hitchce., 
Wash. Biol. Soc. Proc. 41: 159. 1928. 
Based on Elymus vulpinus Rydb. 


1932. Based on A. 


1932. Saskatch- 


anada Natl. Mus. Ann. Rpt. | 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(71) AGROSTIS L. 


|) (8) Agrostis aequivalvis (Trin.) Trin., Mém. 


Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 362. 
1841. Based on A. canina var. aequival- 
vis Trin. 

Agrostis canina var. aequivalvis Trin. in 
Bong., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. 
Math. Phys. Nat. 2:171. 1832. Sitka, 
Alaska. 

Deyeuria aequivalvis Benth. ex Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:77. 
as synonym of Agrostis aequivalvis 
Trin. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 740. 1893. 
Based on A. aequivalvis Trin. (as indi- 
cated by the reference to Benth., Linn. 
Soc. Bot. Jour. 19:91. 1881, the com- 
bination not there made). 

Podagrostis aequivalvis Scribn. and Merr., 

Natl. Herb. Contrib. 13: 58. 
1910. Based on Agrestis canina var. 
aequivalvis Trin. 

(8) Agrostis alba L., Sp. Pl. 63. 1753; ed. 2. 
1:98. 1762. Europe. Linnaeus’ diag- 
nosis is inadequate and his original 
application of the name is uncertain, 
but the specimen in his herbarium bear- 
ing the name in his own script belongs 
to the species for which the name has 
been generaliy used by European and 
American authors ever since. [n recent 
American works this species has been 
called A. palustris Huds. But this name 
proves to belong to the creeping species 
with contracted panicle, the same as A. 
marituema Lam. See U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 68: 25.. 1905, 
and U. S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 772: 128. 
1920, for discussion of A. aiba L. In the 
second edition of the Species Plantarum 
an undoubted reference to this species is 
added to the original uncertain one. 
Agrostis gigantea Roth, Tent. Germ. 1: 
31. 1788, described from Germany, is 
this species according to W. R. Philip- 
son, who examined the type specimen 
borrowed from Berlin. (See Philipson, 
Revision of British species of Agrostis 
L., Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot. 51:90. 1937.) 

Agrostis dispar Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1:52. 1803. South Carolina. 

Decandolia alba Bast., Fl. Maine-et-Loire 
29. 1809. Based on Agrostis alba L. 

Vilfa alba Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 146, 
181. 1812. Based on Agrostis alba L. 

Vilfa dispar Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 147, 
181. 1812. Based on Agrostis dispar 
Michx. 

Agrostis alba var. major Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 
1: 189. 1828. Switzerland. 

Agrostis alba var. dispar Wood, Class-book 
ed. 1861. 774. 1861. Based on A. dispar 
Michx. 

Agrestis alba Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4:216. 1915. Based on Agrostis alba L. 

Agrostis stolonifera var. major Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 351. 1920. 
Based on A. alba var. major Gaudin. 


1892, 


803 


Agrostis stolonifera forma aristigera Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 35° 317. 1933. Gran- 
ville, Mass., Seymour. 

Agrostis gigantea var. dispar Philipson, 
Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot. 51: 93. pl. 10. 
1937. Based on A. dispar Michx. 

Agrostis alba LL. forma aristata Fernald, 
Rhodora 49: 112. 1947. Based on “A. 
stolonifera forma arisiata Fernald.” 

Agrostis alba forma aristigera Fernald, 
Rhodora 51: 192. 1949. Based on A. 
stolonifera forma aristigera Fernald. 

(33) Agrostis altissima (Walt.) Tuckerm., 
Amer. Jour. Sci. 45: 44. 1848. Based 
on Cornucopiae altissima Walt. 

Cornucopiae altissima Walt., Fl. Carol. 
74, 1788. South Carolina. 

Trichodium elatum Pursh, Fl]. Amer. Sept. 
1:61. 1814. New Jersey, Carolina. 

Agrostis elata Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4! 317. 1841. 
Based on Trichodium elatum Pursh. 

Trichodium aliissimum Michx. ex Wood, 
Class-book ed. 2. 599. 1847. Based on 
Cornucopiae altissima Walt. 

Agrostis perennans var. elata Hitche., U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 
68: 50. 1905. Based on Trichodiwm 
elatum Pursh. (Published as A. peren- 
nans elata.) 

Agrostis hyemalis var. elata Fernald, 
Rhodora 28: 229. 1921. Based on 
Trichodium elatum Pursh. 

(25) Agrostis ampla Hitche., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 68: 38. pl. 
20. 1905. Rooster Rock, Oreg., Suks- 
dorf 135. 

Agrostis exarata var. ampla Hitchce., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. Based 
on A. ampla Hitche. 

(17) Agrostis aristiglumis Swallen, West. 
Bot. Leaflets 5: 56. 1947. Point Reyes 
Peninsula, Marin County, Calif., J. 7. 
Howell 23149. 

(1) Agrostis avenacea Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 
171. 1791. Based on Avena filiformis 
G. Forst. 

Avena filiformis G. Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr. 
Prodr. 9. 1786. New Zealand and 
Easter Island. Not Agrostis jiliformis 
Vill., 1787, nor Willd., 1809. 

Agrostis retrofracta Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 
94. 1809. Australia. 

Vilfa retrofracta Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
148, 182. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
retrofracta Willd. 

Lachnagrostis retrofracta Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 128. 1820. Based on Agrostis 
retrofracta Willd. 

Lachnagrostis willdenovit Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 217. 1824. Based on Agrostis 
retrofracta Willd. 

Deyeuxia retrofracta Kunth, Rév. Gram. 


1: 77. 1829. Based on Agrostis retro- 
fracta Willd. 
Calamagrostis retrofracta Link, Hort. 


Berol, 2: 247. 1833. Based on Agrostis 


S04 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


retrofracta Willd. 

Calamagrostis willdenovit Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1:192. 1854. Based on Lachna- 
grostts willdenovit Trin. 

(22) Agrostis blasdalei Hitchc., Wash. Biol. 
Soc. Proc. 41: 160. 1928. Fort Bragg, 
Calif., Davy and Blasdale 6159. 

(36) Agrostis borealis Hartm., Handb. 
Skand. Fl. ed. 3. 17. 1838. Lapland. 

(Agrostis -riore Wi.» ips b)062.) altos: 
Sweden. Identity uncertain. 

Agrostis canina var. alpina Oakes, Cat. 
Vt. Pl. 32. 1842. Name on:y. Camels 
Hump Mountain, Vt., Rocbins, Tucker- 
man, and Macrae. 

Agrostis canina var. tenellz Torr., FI. 
N. Y. 2: 448. 1843. Northern New 
York. 

Agrostis pickeringii Tuckerm., Mag. Hort. 
Hovey 9: 143. 1843. White Moun- 
tains, N. H. 

Agrostis concinna Tuckerm., Mag. Hort. 
Hovey 9: 143. 1843. Mount Monroe, 
White Mcuntains, N. H. 

Agrostis pickeringii var. rupicola Tuck- 
erm., Amer. Jour. Sci. 45: 42. 1843. 
White Mountains, N. H., Pickering and 
Oakes; Vermont, Camels Hump. 

Trichodium concinnum Wood, Class-book 
ed. 2. 600. 1847. Based on Agrostis 
concinna Tuckerm. 

Agrostis rubra var. americana Scribn. in 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 25: 391. 1890. 
Based on “A. rupestris Chapm. (non 
All.), founa on Roan Mountain, North 
Carolina”; Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 
7: 77. f. 100. 1894. (See below.) 

Agrostis novae-angliae Vasey, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 76. 1892. Not A. 
novae-angliae Tuckerm. [Mount Wash- 
ington, N. H., Pringle.] 

Agrostis rubra var. alpina MacM., Met. 
Minn. Vall. 65. 1892. Based on A. 
canina var. alpina Oakes. 

Agrostis borealis var. macrantha Eames, 
Rhodora 11: 88. 1909. Blow-me-down 
Mountains, Nova Scotia, Hames and 
Godfrey in 1908 [No. 5833, the spikelets 
abnormal]. 

Agrostis bakeri Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 5382. 1909. Pagosa Peak, 
Colo., Baker 150. 

Agrostis borealis var. typica Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 204. 1983. Based on A. 
borealis Hartm. 

Agrostis borealis var. americana Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 205. 1938. Based on A. 
rubra var. americana Scribn. 

Agrostis borealis forma macrantha Fernald, 
Rhedora 35: 205. 1933. Based on A. 
borealis var. macrantha Eames. 

This species was erroneously referred to 
Agrostis rupesiris All. by A. Gray in a list of 
plants from Roan Mountain, N. C., and by 
Chapman (FI. South. U. S. 551. 1860). 

(26) Agrostis californica Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 359. 


1841. California. (Vilfa glomerata Pres| 
erroneously cited as synonym.) 

Agrostis densiflora Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 72. 1892. Santa 
Cruz, Calif., Anderson. 

Agrostis densiflora var. arenaria Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:72. 1892. 
Mendocino County, Calif., Pringle. 

Agrostis arenaria Scribn., U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 72. 1892. Not A: 
arenarta Gouan, 1773. As synonym of 
A. densiflora var. arenaria Vasey. 

(35) Agrostis canina L., Sp. Pl. 62. 1753. 
Europe. 

Trichodium caninum Schrad., Fl. Germ. 

i 198. 1806. Based on Agrostis canina 


Agraulus caninus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 5, 
146, 147. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
canina L. 

Agrostis canina var. alpina Wood, Amer. 
Bot. and Flor. pt. 2:384. 1871. Not A. 
canina var. alpina Ducomm., 1869. . 
Mountains of the Eastern States. | 

Agrostis alba var. vulgaris forma aristata ) 
Millsp., Fl. W. Va. 469. 1892. Monan- 
galia, W. Va. 

Agrestis canina Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 286. 
1901. Based on Agrostis canina L. 

(21) Agrostis diegoensis Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 55. 1886. San Diego, 
Calif., Orcutt. 

Agrostis foliosa Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 18: 55. 1886. Not A. foliosa 
Roem. and Schult., 1817. Oregon, 
Howell [type] and Bolander. 

Agrostis diegoensis var. foliosa Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:74. 1892. 
Based on A. foliosa Vasey. 

Agrostis canina var. stolonifera Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:75. 1892. 

Not A. canina var. stolonifera Blytt, 
1847. Oregon, Henderson [type] and 
Howell. 

Agrostis multiculmts Vasey ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 328. 1896, as 
synonym of A. diegoensis Vasey. 

Agrostis pallens foliosa Hitche., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 68: 

34, pl. 14, f. 1. 1905. Based on A. 
foliosa Vasey. 

Agrostis pallens var. vaseyi St. John, FI. 
Southeast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 30. 
1937. Based on A. foliosa Vasey, not A. 
foliosa Roem. and Schult. 

(12) Agrostis elliottiana Schult., Mantissa 
2: 202. 1824. Based on A. arachnotides 
Ell. 

Agrostis arachnoides Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 134. 1816. Not A. arachnoides 
Poir., 1810. Orangeburg, S. C., Bennett. 

Notonema arachnoides Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 319. 1894, as synonym of 
Agrostis arachnoides Ell. 

Notonema agrostoides Raf. ex Merrill, 
Ind. Rafin. 76. 1949. Error for N. 
arachnoides Raf. 


(24) Agrostis exarata Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
207. 1824. Unalaska, Hschscholtz. 

Agrostis exarata var. minor Hook., FI. 
Bor. Amer, 2: 239. 1839. Rocky Moun- 
tains, Drummond, Douglas. 

Agrostis grandis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 316. 1841. 
“Columbia ( Hooker).”’ 

Agrostis asperifolia ‘Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 317. 
1841. ‘‘Amer. bor.? Chile? ( Hooker).” 

| Probably collected in the Rocky Moun- 

| tains and received from Hooker. 

Agrostis scoulert Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 329. 1841. 
Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, [re- 
ceived from] Hooker. 

Agrostis albicans Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 91. 1862. Columbia 
woods, Oreg , Nuttall. 

Agrostis oregonensis Nutt. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 334. 
1862, as synonym of A. albicans Buckl. 

Agrostis exarata forma aspertfolia Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 131: pl. 
31. 1892. No reference to Trinius, but 
the original of plate 31 is labeled A. 
asperifolia Trin. in Vasey’s script. 


Agrostis exarata var. purpurascens Hultén, 


Fl. Aleut. Isl. 73. 19387. Aleutian 
Islands, Unalaska, Hyerdam 2285. 
AGROSTIS EXARATA var. PACIFICA Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Spec. Bul. 
(new ed.) 1889: 107. pl. 106. 1889. 

Pacific Coast. 

AGROSTIS EXARATA var. MONOLEPIS (Torr.) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 136. 
1934. Based on Polypogon monspeliensis 
var. monolepis Torr. 

Polypogon monspeliensis var. monolepis 
Torr., U. S. Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 
5: 866. 1858. Posé Creek, Walkers 
Pass, Calif. [Blake]. 

Agrostis ampla forma monolepis Beetle, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 72: 544. 1945. 
Based on Polypogon monspelienstis var. 
monolepis Torr. 

(13) Agrostis exigua Thurb. in S. Wats., 
Bot. Calif. 2: 275. 1880. Foothills of 
Sierras, Calif., Bolander. 

(18) Agrostis hallii Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3: 74. 1892. Oregon [type, 
Hall in 1872], Washington, and Cali- 
fornia. 

Agrostis davyi Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 3. 1901. Point 
Arena, Calif., Davy and Blasdale 6062. 

Agrostis occidentalis Scribn. and Merr., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 29: 466. 1902. 
McMinnville, Oreg., Shear 1644. 

AGROSTIS HALLII var. PRINGLEI (Scribn.) 
Hitche., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant 
Indus. Bul. 68: 33. pl. 12. 1905. Based 
on A. pringle: Scribn. (Published as A. 
hallit pringlei.) 

Agrostis pringlei Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 7: 156. f. 188. 1897. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


805 


Mendocino County, Calif., Pringle. 

(14) Agrostis hendersonii Hitchc., Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 20: 381. 1930. Sams 
Valley, near Gold Hill, Jackson County, 
Oreg., Henderson 12387. 

Agrostis microphylla var.  hendersonii 
Beetle, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 72: 547. 
f. 8. 1945. Based on A. hendersonii 
Hitche. 

(29) Agrostis hiemalis (Walt.) B. S. P., 
Prel. Cat. N. Y. 68. 1888. Based on 
Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt. 

Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt., Fl. Carol. 
73. 1788. South Carolina. 

Trichodium laxiflorum Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 60. 1817. Not T. lazxiflorum 
Michx., 1808. Pennsylvania. 

Agrostis laxifiora Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 1: 255. 1810. Carolina, Bosc. 

Trichodium laxum Schult., Mantissa 2: 
157. 1824. Based on T. laxiflorum 
Muhl. 

Agrostis leptos Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 169. 1854. Louisiana. 

Agrostis canina var. hyemalis Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 3?: 338. 1898. Based on 
Cornucopiae hyemalis Walt. 

Agrostis antecedens Bicknell, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 35: 473. 1908. Nantucket, 
Bicknell in 1908. 

Agrestis hyemalis Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 216. 1915. Based on Cornu- 
copiae hyemalis Walt. 

(27) Agrostis hooveri Swallen, West. Bot. 
Leaflets 5: 198. 1949. Type collected 
in sandy soil in open oak woodland, at 
summit on road between Arroyo Grande 
and Huasna district, San Luis Obispo 
County, Calif., June 29, 1948, by 
Robert F. Hoover 7549. 

(28) Agrostis howellii Scribn., U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 76. 1892. Hood 
River, Oreg., Howell 198. 

(10) Agrostis humilis Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 10: 21. 1883. Mount Paddo 
[Adams], Wash., Howell [85]. 

(31) Agrostis idahoensis Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 42. 1897. Forest, Idaho, 
Heller 3481. 

Agrostis tenuis Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10:21. 1883. Not A. tenuis Sibth. 
1794. San Bernardino Mountains, 
Calif., Parish Bros. [1085]. 

Agrostis tenuiculmis Nash in Rydb., N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 32. 1900. Based 
on A. tenuis Vasey. 

Agrostis tenuiculmis recta Nash in Rydb., 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 32. 1900. 
[Belt Pass, Mont., Rydberg 332714. | 

Agrostis tenuis erecta Vasey ex Nash in 
Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 32. 
1900, as synonym of A. tenuiculmis recta 
Nash. 

Agrostis filiculmis Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14:13. 1912. Little De Motte 
Park on the Kaibab, northern Arizona, 
[Jones 6056 bb.] 


806 


(15) Agrostis kennedyana Beetle, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 72: 547. 1945. Cali- 
fornia, San Diego, Grant 896. 

(19) Agrestis lepida Hitche. in Jepson, Fl. 
Calif. 1: 121. 1912. Siberian Pass, 
Sequoia National Park, Calif., Hitch- 
cock 3455. 

(37) Agrostis longiligula Hitche., U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 68: 54. 
1905. Fort Bragg, Calif., Davy and 
Blasdale 6110. 

AGROSTIS LONGILIGULA Var. AUSTRALIS J. T. 
Howell, West. Bot. Leaflets 4: 246. 
1946. Marin County, Calif., J. T. 
Howell 18250. 

(16) Agrostis microphylla Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 164. 1854. North America, 
Dougias. 

Agraulus brevifolius Nees ex Torr., U. S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 154. 1857, 
as synonym of Agrostis microphylla 
Steud. 

Polypogon alopecuroides Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 88. 1862. 
Columbia Plains, Oreg., Nuttall. 

Agrostis alopecuroides A. Gray, Acad. 


Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 333. 1862. 
Not A. alopecuroides Lam., 1791. 
Based on Polypogon alopecuroides 


Buckl. 

Deyeuxia alopecuroides Nutt. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 333. 
1862, as synonym of Polypogon alope- 
curotdes Buckl. 

Agrostis exarata var. microphylla S. Wats. 
ex Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
72. 1892, as synonym of A. micro- 
phylla var. major Vasey. 

Agrostis virescens microphylla Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 
2. 1901. Based on A. microphylla 
Steud. 

Agrostis microphylla var. intermedia Bee- 
tle, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 72: 547. f. 7. 
1945. Lake County, Calif., J. T. 
Howell 18063. 

AGROSTIS MICROPHYLLA var. MAJOR Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 58, 72. 
1892. [Truckee Valley, Nev., Watson 


1284. ] 
Agrostis exarata microphylla Hitche., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. Based 


on A. microphylla Steud. 

Agrostis nebulosa Boiss. and Reut., Bibl. 
Univ. Genéve (n.s.) 38: 218. 1842. 
Spain. 

(7) Agrostis nigra With., Bot. Arr. Veg. 
Brit. ed. 3. 2: 131. 1796. Europe. 
(34) Agrostis oregonensis Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 13: 55. 1886. Oregon, 

Howell [49]. 

Agrostis attenuata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 
337. 1886. Mount Hood, Oreg., How- 
ell [210]. 

Agrostis hallit var. californica Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 74. 1892. 
California [Bolander 6103]. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Agrostis schiedeana var. armata Suksdorf, 
Werdenda 12:1. 1923. Klickitat Coun- 
ty, Wash., Suksdorf 6310. 
(20) Agrostis pallens Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mem. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 328. 
1841. ‘“‘Amer.-borealis? ( Hooker).” 
Agrostis exarata var. littoralis Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 54. 1886. 
Oregon, Howell [64]. 
Agrostis densiflora var. littoralis Vasey, 


U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:72. 1892. 
Based on A. ezarata var. littoralis 
Vasey. 


(6) Agrostis palustris Huds., Fl. Angl. 27. 
1762. England. 

Agrostis polymorpha var. palustris Huds., 
Fl. Angl. 32. 1778. Based on A. palus- 
tris Huds. 

Agrostis maritima Lam., Encycl. 1: 61. 
1783. France. 

Agrostis alba var. palustris Pers., Syn. Pl. 
1: 76. 1805. Based on A. palustris 
Huds. 

Milium maritimum Clem. y Rubio, Ensay. 
Vid. Andaluc. 285. 1807. Based on 
Agrostis maritima Lam. 

Agrostis decumbens Gaud. ex Muhl., 
Descr. Gram. 68. 1817. Not A. decum- 
bens Host, 1809. Pennsylvania, New 
Jersey. 

Vilfa stolonifera var. maritima 8. F. Gray, 
Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 146. 1821. Based 
on Agrostis maritima With. (error for 
Lam.). 

Apera palusiris S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. 
Brit. Pl. 2: 148. 1821. Based on 
Agrostis palustris With. (error for 
Huds.). 

Agrostis alba var. maritima G. Meyer, 
Hannov. Mag. 1823: 138. 1824. Based 
on A. maritima Lam. 

Agrostis stolonifera var. maritima Koch, 
Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 781. 1837. Based 
on A. maritima Lam. 

? Agrostis alba var. decumbens Eaton and 
Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 117. 
1840. Not A. alba var. decumbens 
Gaudin, 1828. Eastern United States. 

Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta Hartm., 
Skand. Flora Handb. ed. 4. 24. 1848. 
Scandinavia. 

‘Agrostis alba forma maritima Parl., FI. 
Ital. 1: 181. 1848. Based on A. mari- 
tima Lam. 

Agrostis depressa Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 18: 54. 1886. Clear Creek 
Canyon, Colo., Patterson in 1885. 

Agrostis exarata var. stolonifera Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 18: 54. 1886. 
Columbia River, Suksdorf. 

Agrostis reptans Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 
54. 1917. Based on A. ezarata var. 
stolonifera Vasey. 

Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 851. 1920. 
Based on A. polymorpha var. palustris 
Huds. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 807 


New England specimens of this species 

have been referred to A. alba var. coarctata 

Scribn., based on A. coarctata Ehrh., of 

Germany, which appears to be a narrow- 

panicled form of A. stolonifera L 

(32) Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm.., 
Amer. Jour. Sci. 45: 44. 1848. Based 
on Cornucopiae perennans Walt. 

Cornucopiae perennans Walt., Fl. Carol. 
74. 1788. South Carolina. 

Agrostis cornucopiae Smith, Gentleman’s 
Mag. 59: 873. 1789. Based on Cornu- 
copiae perennans Walt. 

Agrostis elegans Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 25. 
1796. Based on Cornucopiae perennans 
Walt. 

Agrostis anomala Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 370. 
1797. Based on Cornucopiae perennans 
Walt. 

Alopecurus carolinianus Spreng., Nachtr. 
Bot. Gart. Halle 10. 1801. Not A. 
carolinianus Walt., 1788. [Kentucky, 
Peter.| 

Trichodium decumbens Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:42. 1803. Virginia to Florida, 
Michaux. 

Trichodium perennans Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1:99. 1816. Based on Cornucopiae 
perennans Walt. 

Trichodium muhlenbergianum  Schult., 
Mantissa 2: 159. 1824. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. Based on Muhlenberg’s 
Trichodium No. 4. 

Agrostis michauxit Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
206. 1824. Not A. michauxw Zucc., 
1809. Based on Trichodiwm decumbens 
Michx. 

Agrostis noveboracensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 260. 1825. New York, Torrey. 

Agrostis decumbens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
80. 1827. Not A. decumbens Host, 
1809. Based on T'richodiwm decumbens 
Michx. 

Trichodium noveboracense Schult., Man- 
tissa 3 (Add. 1): 555. 1827. Based on 
Agrostis noveboracensis Spreng. 

Trichodium scabrum [Muhl., misapplied 
by] Darly Fl. Cestr. 1: 54. 1887. 
Pennsylvania. 

Agrostis schweinitzii Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 311. 
1841. Pennsylvania, Schweinitz. 

Agrostis oreophila Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 323. 1841. 
Bethlehem, Pa., Moser. (Trichedium 
montanum Torr. is erroneously cited as 
synonym. ) 

Agrostis abakanensis Less. ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 325. 
1841, as synonym of A. michauzit Trin. 

Agrostis schiedeana Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 327. 
1841. Mexico, type received from 
Schrader. 

Agrostis novae-angliae Tuckerm., Mag. 
Hort. Hovey 9: 148. 1843. White 
Mountains, N. H. 


(11) Agrostis rossae Vasey, 


Agrostis campyla Tuckerm., Amer. Jour. 
Sci. Il. 6: 231. 1848. Based on “A. 
scabra”’ as described by Tuckerman. 

Agrostis scabra var. perennans Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 774. 1861. Pre- 
sumably based on A. perennans Tuck- 
erm. 

Agrostis perennans var. aestivalis Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 76. 1892. 
Athens, Ill. [Hall]. The slender lax 
form. 

Agrostis intermedia Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 20: 476. 1893. Not A. inter- 
media Balb., 1801. Pine Mountain, 
Harlan County, Tenn. Kearney 39. 

Agrostis pseudointermedia Farwell, De- 
troit Commr. Parks and Boul. Ann. 
Rpt. 11: 46. 1900. Based on A. inter- 
media Scribn. 

Agrostis scribneriana Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. 8. 126. 1903. Based on 
A. intermedia Scribn. 

Agrostis hyemalis var. oreophila Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 202. 1904. 
Based on A. oreophila Trin. 

Agrostis perennans var. humilis Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 1: 87. 1921. 
Detroit, Farwell 5672 %. 

Agrostis perennans forma  chaetophora 
Fernald, Rhodora 35: 317. 1938. 
Huntingdon County, Pa., Lowrie. 

Agrostis perennans var. aestivalis forma 
atherophora Fernald, Rhodora 35: 317. 
1933. Terrebonne, Quebec, Churchill. 

U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 76. 1892. Yellow- 
stone Park, Wyo., Edith Ross in 1890. 

Agrostis exarata var. rossae_ G. N. Jones, 
Wash. Univ. Pubs. Biol. 5: 118. 1936. 
Based on A. rossae Vasey. 


(30) Agrostis scabra Willd., oS Blois 370. 


1797. North America. 

Agrostis lava Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soe 
Trans. 4: 236. 1799. Name only. 

Trichodium laxiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 42. 1803. Hudson Bay to 
Florida, Michauz. 

Vilja scabra Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 182. 
1812. Based on Agrostis scabra Willd. 
Trichodium scabrum Muhl., Cat. Pl. 10. 
1813. Based on Agrostis scabra Willd. 
Agrostis laxa Schreb. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 61. 1814, as synonym of 

Trichodium laxijflorum Michx. 

Agrostis laxiflora Richards., Bot. App. 
Franklin Jour. 731. 1823. Based on 
Trichodium laxiflorum Michx. 

Trichodium montanum Torr., Fl. North. 
and Mid. U. S. 84. 1823. Fishkill 
Mountains, N. Y. 

Trichodium album Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
244. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Agrostis nutkaensis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 17. 1830. Based on Trichodium 
album Presl. 

Agrostis michauxii var. laxiflora A. Gray, 


808 


N. Amer. Gram. and Cyp.1:17. 1834. 
Based on Trichodium laxiflorum Michx. 

Agrostis nootkaensis ‘Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 326. 
1841. Based on 7’richodium album 
Presl. 

Agrostis laxiflora var. montana Tuckerm., 
Amer. Jour. Sci. 45: 48. 1848. Based 
on Trichodium montanum Torr. 

Agrostis scabra var. tenuis Tuckerm., 
Amer. Jour. Sci. 45:45. 1843. Lincoln, 
Ne EL. 

Agrostis laxiflora var. caespitosa Torr., 
Fl. N. Y. 2: 442. 1843. Based on 
Trichodium montanum Torr. 

Agrostis laxiflora var. scabra Torr., FI. 
N. Y. 2: 442. 1843. Based on A. 
scabra Willd. 

Agrostis laxiflora var. tenuis Torr., FL. 
N. Y. 2: 442. 1848. Based on A. 
scabra var. tenuis Tuckerm. 

Agrostis torreyi Tuckerm., Mag. Hort. 
Hovey 9: 148. 1848. Not A. torreyi 
Kunth, 1830. Based on Trichodium 
montanum Torr. 

Agrostis scabra var. oreophila Wood, Class- 
book ed. 1861. 774. 1861. Based on A, 
[laxiflora var.} montana Tuckerm. 
(There is no reference to A. oreophila 
Trin.) 

Agrostis scabriuscula Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 90. 1862. Co- 
lumbia Plains, Oreg., Nuttall. 

Agrostis scabrata Nutt. ex A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 334. 1862, 
as synonym of A. scabriuscula Buckl. 

Agrostis scabra var. montana Fernald, 
Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 2: 91. 
1895. Based on Trichodium montanum 
Torr. This combination was made by 
Paine (giving Tuckerm. as author), 
State Cabinet Nat. Hist., N. Y. Ann. 
Rpt. 18: 166. 1865, and by Vasey (also 
giving Tuckerm. as author), U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 76. 1892, errone- 
ously cited as synonym of A. novae- 
angliae Vasey. The basis is not given 
in either publication. 

Agrostis hyemalis var. keweenawensis Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 203. 
1904. Keweenaw County, Mich. 

Agrostis hiemalis nutkaensis Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 13: 
56. 1910. Based on A. nutkaensis 
Kunth. 

Agrostis scabra forma tuckermani Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 207. 1933. Braintree, 
Mass., Churchill in 1911. 

Agrostis peckii House, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
7: 126. 1921. Based on A. laxiflora 
var. caespitosa Torr. ‘‘A. caespitosa 
Torr. . . . Not Salisb.” is erroneously 
cited. The statement that ‘Torrey’s 
type was collected on Mt. Beacon, 
near Fishkill,” indicates that A. peckit 
is based on A. laxiflora var. caespitosa 

orr. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Agrostis scabra var. keweenawensis Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 23: 125. 
1938. Based on A. hyemalis var. keween- 
awensis Farwell. 


AGROSTIS SCABRA var. GEMINATA (Trin.) 


Swallen, Wash. Biol. Soc. Proc. 54: 
1941. Based on Agrostis geminata Trin. 

Agrostis geminata Trin., Gram. Unifl. 207. 
1824. Unalaska, E’schscholtz. 

Agrostis hyemalis var. geminata Hitchce., 
U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. 
Bul. 68: 44. 1905. Based on A. gemi- 
nata Trin. (Published as A. hiemalis 
geminata.) 

Agrostis geminata forma exaristata Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 35: 211. 19383. Gaspé 
County, Quebec, Fernald, Dodge, and 
Smith 25, 485. 


(4) Agrostis semiverticillata (Forsk.) C. 


Christ., Dansk Bot. Arkiv 43: 12. 1922. 
Based on Phalaris semiverticillata Forsk. 

Phalaris semiverticillata Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. 
Arab.17. 1775. Egypt. 

Agrostis verticillata Vill., Prosp. Pl. 
Dauph. 16. 1779. France. 

Agrostis alba var. verticillata Pers., Syn. 
eae 76. 1805. Based on A. verticillata 

ill. 

Agrostis villarsit Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 1: 251. 1810. Based on A. verti- 
cillata Vill. 

Vilfa verticillata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
148, 182. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
verticillata Vill. 

Agrostis decumbens Muhl. ex Ell. Bot. 

C. and Ga. 1: 136. 1816. Not A: 
decumbens Host, 1809. Charleston, S. C. 

Agrostis stolonifera var. verticillata St. 
Amans, Fl. Agen. 28. 1821. Based on 
A. verticillata Vill. 

Agrostis condensata Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 40. 1840, as 
synonym of A. verticillata Vill. 

Agrostis aquatica Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Pree. 1862: 90. 1862. Not A. 
aaUaiee Pourr., 1783. San Saba County, 

eX. 

Agrestis verticillata Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 282. 
1901. Based on Agrostis verticillata Vill. 

Nowodworskya verticillata Nevski, Akad. 
Nauk 8S. 8. 8. R. Bot. Inst. Trudy I. 
(Acad. Sci. U. R.S.S. Inst. Bot. Acta I. 
Flora et Syst. Plant. Vasc.) 3: 148. 
1936. Based on Agrostis verticillata Vill. 

Nowodworskya  semiverticillata Nevski, 
Akad. Nauk 8. S. S. R. Bot. Inst. 
Trudy I. (Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. Inst. 
Bot. Acta I. Flora et Syst. Plant. 
Vase.) 4:339. 1937. Based on Phalaris 
semiverticillata Forsk. 

Polypogon  semiverticillatus Hylander, 
Uppsala Univ. Arsk. 7: 74. 1945. 
Based on Phalaris semiverticillata Forsk. 
The same combination made by Hoover, 
West. Bot. Leaflets 5: 188. 1948. 


(5) Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl. 62. 


1753. Europe. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Decandolia stolonifera Bast., Fl. Maine-et- 
Loire 29. 1809. Based on Agrostis 
stolonifera L. 

Vilfa stolonifera Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
148, 182. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
stolonifera L. 

Agrostis alba var. stolonifera Smith, Eng- 
lish Fl. 1: 98. 1824. Based on A. 
stolonifera L. 

Agrostis vulgaris var. stolonifera Koch, 
Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 782. 1837. Based 
on A. stolonifera L. 

(9) Agrostis tenuis Sibth., Fl. Oxon. 36. 
1794. Based on A. capillaris Huds. 

Agrostis capillaris Huds., Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 
27. 1762. Not A. capillaris L., 1753. 
England. 

Agrostis sylvatica Huds., Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 
28. 1762. England. A_ teratological 
form, the florets abnormally elongated. 
Name rejected, being based on a mon- 
strosity. 

Agrostis vulgaris With., Bot. Arr. Veg. 
Brit. ed. 3. 2: 1382. 1796. Europe. 

Vilfa vulgaris Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, pl. 
5.f.8. 1812. Based on Agrostis vulgaris 
With. 

Agrostis alba var. sylvatica Smith, English 
Fl. 1:93. 1824. Based on A. sylvatica 
Huds. Published as new by Scribner, 
Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5:40. 1894, 
the basis given as “‘A. sylvatica L.”’ error 
for Huds. 

Agrostis alba var. vulgaris Coss. and Dur., 
Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 63. 1854-1855. 
Based on A. vulgaris With. 

Agrostis stolonifera var. vulgaris Celak., 
Prodr. Fl. Bohm. 710. 1881. Not A. 
stolonifera var. vulgaris Heuff., 1858. 
Based on A. vulgaris With. 

Agrostis alba var. minor Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 78. 1892. 
[Washington, D.C.] 

Agrostis stolonifera var. minor Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 202. 1904. 
Based on A. alba var. minor Vasey. 

This species has been referred to Agrostis 

capillaris L., a Kuropean species not known 

from America. 

AGROSTIS TENUIS var. ARISTATA (Parnell) 
Druce, List Brit. Pl. 79. 
sumably based on A. vulgaris var. 
aristata Parnell. 

Agrostis stricta Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 366. 
1797. Not A. stricta Gmel., 1791. North 
America. 

Agrostis stricta Muhl., Descr. Gram. 65. 
1817. Not A. stricta Gmel., 1791. New 
England and Carolina. 

Trichodium strictum Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 281. 1817. Based on 
Agrostis stricta Willd. 

Agrostis diffusa Muhl. ex Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 260. 1825. Not A. diffusa 
Host, 1809, nor Muhl., 1817. As syn- 
onym of A. stricta Muhl. 

Agrostis vulgaris var. aristata Parnell, 


1908. Pre- — 


809 


Grasses Scotl. 1!: 34. pl. 138. 1842. 
Scotland. 

Agrostis alba var. aristata A. Gray, Man. 
578. 1848. Not A. alba var. aristata 
Spenner, 1825. Based on A. stricta 
Willd. 

Agrostis stricta Buse, in Miquel, Pl. 
Jungh. 341. 1854. Not A. stricta 
Gmel., 1791. Based on T'richodium 
strictum Roem. and Schult. 

Agrostis alba var. stricta Wood, Class- 
book ed. 1861. 774. 1861. Based on 
A. stricta Willd. 

Agrostis tenuis forma aristata Wiegand, 
Rhodora 26: 2. 1924. Based on A. 
vulgaris var. aristata Parnell. 

Agrostis palustris var. stricta House, 
N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 254: 98. 1924. 
Based on Agrostis stricta Willd. 

Agrostis capillaris var. aristata Druce, FI. 
Oxfordsh. ed. 2. 474. 1927. Pre- 
sumably based on A. vulgaris var. 
aristata Parnell. 

Agrostis capillaris aristulata Hitche. 
Wash. Biol. Soc. Proc. 41: 160. 1928. 
‘Alexandria, Va. Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 
344. 

(2) Agrostis thurberiana Hitche., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 68: 
23. pl. 1.f.1. 1905. Skamania County, 
Wash., Suksdorf 1021. 

Agrostis hillebrandii Thurb. ex Boland. 
Agr. Soc. Calif. Trans. 1864-1865: 136. 
1866. Name only. Sierra Nevada, 
Calif., Hillebrand. 

Agrostis atrata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 531. 1909. Yoho Valley, 
British Columbia, Macoun 64787. 

(23) Agrostis variabilis Rydb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Mem. 1: 32. 1900. Based on 
A. varians Trin. 

Agrostis varians Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 314. 1841. 
Not A. varians Thuill., 1790. ‘“America 
boreal? (Hoocker 217). A duplicate 
type in the Torrey Herbarium (N. Y. 
Bot. Gard.) is labeled ‘“Rocky Moun- 
tains, Hooker 217.”’ 


(59) AIRA L, 


(2) Aira caryophyilea L., Sp. Pl. 66. 
Europe. 
Avena caryophyllea Wigg., Prim. Fl. Hols. 
10. 1780. Based on Aira caryophyilea 
L 


1753. 


Agrostis caryophyllea Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 
25. 1796. Based on Aira caryophyllea 
L. 

Airopsis caryophyllea Fries, Nov. FI. 
Suec. ed. 2. Cont. 3: 180. 1842. Based 
on Aira caryophyllea L. 

Caryophyllea airoides Opiz, Sezn. Rostl. 
Ceské 27. 1852. Based on Aira caryo- 
phyllea L. 

Fussia caryophyllea Schur, Enum. Pl. 


$10 
1866. Based on Aira 


Bot. 
1868. Based on 


Transsily. 754. 
caryophyllea L. 
Airella caryophyllea Dum., Soc. 
Belg. Bul. 71: 68. 
Aira caryophyllea L. 
Salmasia vulgaris Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 316. 
1901. Based on Aira caryophyllea L. 

Aspris caryophyllea Nash in Britt. and 
Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2.1: 214. 1913. 
Based on Aira caryophyllea L. 

(3) Aira elegans Willd. ex Gaudin, Agrost. 
Helv. 1: 1380, 355. 1811. Pavia, Italy. 

Aira capillaris Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 
4: 20. pl. 35. 1809. Not A. capillaris 
Savi, 1798, nor A. capillaris Lag., 1805. 
Europe. 

Avena capillaris Mert. and Koch in 
Roehl., Deut. Fl. ed. 3. 12: 573. 1823. 
Based on Aira capillaris Host. 

Airopsis capillaris Schur, Oesterr. Bot. 
Ztschr. 9: 328. 1859. Based on Azra 
captllaris Host. 

Fussia capillaris Schur, Enum. Pl. Trans- 
silv. 754. 1866. Based on Aira capil- 
laris Host. 

Airella capillaris Dum., Soc. Bot. Belg. 
Bul. 7}: 68. 1868. Based on Azra 
capillaris Host. 

Aspris capillaris Hitche., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Bul. 772: 116. 1920. Based on 
Aira capillaris Host. 

(1) Aira praecox L., Sp. Pl. 65. 1758. 
Europe. 

Agrostis praecox Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 24. 
1796. Based on Aira praecox L. 

Avena praecoz Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 89, 
154. 1812. Based on Aira praecox L. 

Trisetum praecox Dum., Obs. Gram. Belg. 
122. p}. 8. f. 80. 1823. Based on Aira 
praecox L. 

Atropsis praecox Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. ed. 
2. Cont. 3: 180. 1842. Based on Aira 
praecox L. 

Caryophyllea praecoz Opiz, Sezn. Rost. 
Sere 27. 1852. Based on Aira praecox 


Pussia praecox Schur, Enum. Pl. Trans- 
a 754. 1866. Based on Aira praecox 


Atrella praecox Dum., Soc. Bot. Belg. Bul. 
71:68. 1868. Based on Aira praecoz L. 

Salmasia praecox Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 316. 
1901. Based on Aira praecox L. 

Aspris praecox Nash, in Britt. and Brown, 
Illus. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 215. 1913. Based 
on Aira praecoz L. 


(76) ALOPECURUS L. 


(5) Alopecurus aequalis Sobol., Fl. Petrop. 
16. 1799. Greece. 
Alopecurus aristulatus Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 43. 1803. Canada, Michauz. 
Alopecurus fulvus J. E. Smith in Sowerby, 
English Bot. 21: pl. 1467. 1805. Eng- 
land. 
Alopecurus subaristatus Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
80. 1805. Canada. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Alopecurus geniculatus var. natans Wahl., 
F]. Lapp. 22. 1812. Lapland. 

Alopecurus geniculatus var. aristulatus 
Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. U.S. 1: 97. 
1823. Based on A. aristulatus Michx. 

Alopecurus caespitosus Trin., Gram. Icon. 
3:pl.241. 1836. North America, [type, 
Northwest America, Douglas]. 

Alopecurus geniculatus var. fulvus Schrad., 
Linnaea 12: 424. 1838. Based on A. 
fulvus J. E. Smith. 

Alopecurus geniculatus var. robustus Vas- 
ey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 13. 1888. 
Vancouver Island, Macoun. 

Alopecurus howellii var. merrimant Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 278. 1896. 
Pribilof Islands, Alaska, ‘““C. H. Merri- 
man” {error for Merriam]. 

Alopecurus howellit var. merriami Beal, 
ex Macoun, in Jordan, Fur Seals North 
Pacif. 3:573. 1899. (Correction of var. 
merrimanit Beal.) 

Alopecurus aristulatus var. natans Sim- 
mons, Arkiv Bot. 617: 4. 1907. Based 
on A. geniculatus var. natans Wahl. 

Tozzettia fulva Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
216. 1915. Based on Alopecurus fulvus 
J. KE. Smith. 

Alopecurus artistulatus var. merriami St. 
John, Canada Dept. Mines Mem. 126: 
42, 1922. Based on A. howellit var. 
merriami Beal. 

Alopecurus aequalis var. natans Fernald, 
Rhodora 27: 198. 1925. Based on Alo- 
pecurus geniculatus var. natans Wahl. 

(3) Alopecurus alpinus J. E. Smith in Sow- 
erby, English Bot. pl. 1126. 1803. 
Scotland. 

?Alopecurus borealis Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
58. 1820. Asia and North America. 
Alopecurus occidentalis Scribn. and Twee- 
dy, Bot. Gaz. 11: 170. 1886. Yellow- 

stone National Park, 7’weedy. 

Alopecurus behringianus Gandog., Soc. 
Bot. France Bul.— 667: 298. - 1920. 
St. Paul Island, Alaska, Macoun. 

Vasey misapplied the name Alopecurus 

pratensis var. alpestris Wahl. to this species 

in U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 86. 1892. 

Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir. in Lam. En- 
cycl. 8: 766. 1808. Cultivated in Bo- 
tanical Garden, Paris. 

Alopecurus ventricosus Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 
80. 1805. Not A. ventricosus (Gouan) 
Huds., 1778. France. 

Alopecurus pratensis var. ventricosus Coss. 
and Dur. Expl. Sci. Alger. 2:56. 1854- 
55. Based on Alopecurus ventricosus 


Pers. 
(7) Alopecurus carolinianus Walt., Fl. 
Carol. 74. 1788. South Carolina. 


Alopecurus ramosus Poir. in Lam., En- 
eycl. 8: 776. 1808. Carolina, Bosc. 
Alopecurus pedalis Bosc. ex Beauv., Ess. 

Agrost.4. 1812. Name only. (Carolina, 
Bosc.]| 
Alopecurus gracilis Willd. ex Trin., Acad. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 38. 
1840. Carolina [Bosc]. 

Alopecurus macountt Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 15: 12. 1888. Oak Bay, 
Vancouver Island, Macoun. 

Alopecurus geniculatus var. caespitosus 
Seribn., in Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 25: 
389. 1890. Yale, British Columbia, 
Macoun. 

Alopecurus geniculatus var. ramosus St. 
John, Rhodora 19: 167. 1917. Based 
on A. ramosus Poir. 

Alopecurus creticus Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2:45. 1821. Crete. 

(6) Alopecurus geniculatus L., Sp. Pl. 60. 
1753. Europe. 

Tozzettia geniculata Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
275. 1901. Based on Alopecurus geni- 
culatus L. 

(8) Alopecurus howellii Vasey, Torrey Bot. 


Club Bul. 15: 12. 1888. [Medford], 
Oreg., Howell [215]. 

Alopecurus californicus Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 18. 1888. Calli- 


fornia [type, Santa Cruz, Anderson] 
and Oregon. 

(1) Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., FI. 
Angl. 28. 1762. England. 

Alopecurus agrestis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 89. 
1762. Europe. 

Tozzettia agrestis Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 274. 
1901. Based on Alopecurus agrestis L. 

(4) Alopecurus pallescens Piper, Fl. Palouse 
18. 1901. Pullman, Wash., Piper 1743. 
(2) Alopecurus pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 60. 
1753. Europe. : 
Alopecurus rendlei Eig, Brit. and For. Jour. 
Bot. 75: 187. 1937. Based on Phalaris 
_utriculata L., not Alopecurus utriculatus 
Banks and Solander. 

Phalaris utriculata L. Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
869. 1759. 

Alovecurus utriculatus Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
80. 1805. Not Alopecurus utriculatus 
Banks and Solander, 1794. Based on 
Phalaris utriculata L. 

(9) Alopecurus saccatus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 
290. 1881. Eastern Oregon, Howell. 


(68) AMMOPHILA Hest 


(2) Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1: 105. 1827. Based on Arundo 
arenaria L. 

Arundo arenaria L., Sp. Pl. 82. 1753. 
Europe. 

Calamagrostis arenaria Roth, Tent. FI. 
Germ. 1: 34. 1788. Based on Arundo 
arenaria L. 

Ammophila arundinacea Host, 
Gram. Austr. 4: 24. pl. 41. 
Based on Arundo arenaria L. 

Psamma littoralis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
144, pl. 6. f. 1. 176. 1812. Europe. 

Psamma arenaria Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 845. 1817. Based on 
Calamagrostis arenarta Roth. 

Phalaris maritima Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 48. 


Tcon. 
1809. 


811 


1818. Based on Arundo arenaria L., but 
misapplied to Ammophila breviligulata. 

Phalaris ammophiia Link, Enum. Hort. 
Berol. 1: 66. 1821. Based on Ammo- 
phila arundinacea Host. 

Arundo littoralis Beauv. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 144. 1840, as synonym 
of Calamagrostis arenaria Roth. 

(1) Ammophilia breviligulata Fernald, Rho- 
dora 22: 71. 1920. Milford, Conn., 
Bissell in 1902. 


Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (Poir.) Dur. 
and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 874. 
1894, Based on Arundo mauritanica 
Poir. 

Arundo mauritanica Poir., Voy. Barb. 2: 
104. 1789. Algeria. 
Arundo tenax Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 25. 
1791. Tunis. 
Ampelodesmos tenax Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
oe 1827. Based on Arundo tenax 
abl. 


(146) AMPHICARPUM Kunth 


(2) Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum 
(Schult.) Hitche., Bartonia 14: 34. 
1932. Based on Milium muhlenbergian- 
um Schult. 

Milium ? muhlenbergianum Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 178. 1824. Based on Milium 
No. 3 of Muhlenberg’s Descriptio Gra- 
minum. Muhlenberg’s specimen is with- 
out locality. 

Amphicarpon floridanum Chapm., FI. 
South. U. 8. 572. 1860. Apalachicola 
River, Fla. 

(1) Amphicarpum purshii Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 28. 1829. Based on Milium 
amphicarpon Pursh. 

Milttum amphicarpon Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 62. pl. 2. 1814. Egg Harbor, 
N. J 


Milium ciliatum Muhl., Deser. Gram. 77. 
1817, Not M. ciliatum Moench, 1802. 
New Jersey. Name only, Muhl., Cat. 
PL 10:; 1813, 

Amphicarpon amphicarpon Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5: 352. 1894. Based 
on Milium amphicarpon Pursh. 


(154) ANDROPOGON L. 


(19) Andropogon arctatus Chapm., Bot. 
Gaz. 3:20. 1878. West Florida, Chap- 
man [in 1875]. 

Andropogon tetrastachyus var. distachyus 
Chapm., Fl. South. U. 8S. 581. 1860. 
No locality cited. [Type specimen of 
A. arctatus is also type of this.] 

Sorghum arctatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 791. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
arctatus Chapm. 

(33) Andropegon barbinodis Lag., Gen. 
et Sp. Nov. 3. 1816. Mexico, Sessé. 

Andropogon leucopogon Nees, Linnaea 19: 
694. 1845. Mexico, Aschenborn 141. 


S12 

Andropogon saccharoides var. barbinodis 

Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 494. 
1889. Based on A. barbinodis Lag. 

Andropogon saccharoides var. leucopogon 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 496. 
1889. Based on A. lewcopogon Nees. 

Amphilophis barbinodis Nash in Small, 
Fl]. Southeast. U. 8. 65. 1903. Based 
on Andropogon barbinodis Lag. 

Holcus saccharoides var. barbinodis Hack. 
ex Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 
11: 48. 1904. Presumably based on 
Andropogon barbinodis Lag. 

Amphilophis leucopogon Nash, N. Amer. 
Fl. 17: 126. 1912. Based on Andro- 
pogon leucopogon Nees. 

Bothriochloa barbinodis Herter, Sudamer. 
Bot. Rev. 6: 135. 1940. Based on 
Andropogon barbinodis Lag. 

(24) Andropogon brachystachyus Chapm., 
Fl. South. U. S. ed. 2. 668. 1883. 
[Jacksonville], Fla., Curtiss [8632]. 

Sorghum brachystachyum Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl.2:791. 1891. Based on Andro- 
pogon brachystachyus Chapm. 

(17) Andropogon cabanisii Hack., Flora 68: 
133. 1885. “Pennsylvania” [erroneous] 
and Florida, Cabanis. 

Sorghum cabanisti Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 791. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
cabanisti Hack. 

Andropogon ternarius var. cabanisii Fern. 


and Grise., Rhodora 37: 138. 1935. 
Based on A. cabanisii Hack. 

(30) Andrepogon campyloracheus Nash, 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 431. 1900. 


Eustis, Fla., Nash 1738. 

Andropogon elliottii var. laxiflorus Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 146. 1896 
(Apr.). Eustis, Fla., Nash 1738. Pub- 
lished as new in Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 51. 1896 (Nov.), Nash 1597 cited 
as type. 

(25) Andropogon capillipes Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 481. 1900. Based 
on A. virginicus var. glaucus Hack. 

Andropogon glaucus Muhl., Deser. Gram. 
278. 1817. Not A. glaucus Retz., 1789. 
South Carolina. 

Cymbopogon glaucus Schult., Mantissa 2: 
459. 1824. Based on Andropogon 
glaucus Muhl. 

Andropogon virginicus var. glaucus Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 411. 1889. 
[Jacksonville], Fla., Curtiss 3638b. 

(5) Andropogon cirratus Hack., Flora 68: 
119. 1885. El Paso, Tex., Wright 804 
ferror for 805]. 

Sorghum cirratum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
2: 791. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
cirratus Hack. 

Schizachyrwum cirratum Woot. and Standl., 
N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 30. 1912. 
Based on Andropogon cirratus Hack. 

(10) Andropogon divergens (Hack.) An- 
derss. ex Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. 
Jour. 23: 456. 1938. Based on A. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Scoparius subsp. maritimus var. di- 
vergens Hack. 

Andropogon scoparius subsp. maritimus 
var. divergens Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 385. 1889. Texas. 

Andropogon divergens Anderss. ex Hack., 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 385. 1889, 
as synonym of A. scoparius subsp. 
maritimus var. divergens Hack. 

(28) Andropogon elliottii Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. 581. 1860.Floridato North Carolina, 
Chapmanerroneously cites “‘A.argenteus 
Ell., not of DC.” but his description, 
especially of the “dilated clustered 
sheaths” shows that he did not know 
Elliott’s species (see synonymy under 
A. ternarius Michx.), but was describ- 
ing plants of his own collection, one of 
which from Chapman’s_ herbarium 
named ‘Andropogon Elliottii 8. Fl.” in 
his script is in the U. 8S. National 
Herbarium. 

Andropogon clandestinus Wood, Class- 
book ed. 1861, 809. 1861. Not A. 
clandestinus Nees, 1854. Western Louisi- 
ana. 

Andropogon elliottii var. gracilior Hack. in 

Monogr. Phan. 6: 415. 1889. 
[Jacksonville], Fla., Curtiss 3636a. 

Sorghum elliottit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
791. 1891. Based on A. ellioitii Chapm. 

?Andropogon gyrans Ashe, Elisha Mitch- 


ell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 113. 1898. 
Durham County, N. C., Ashe. 
Andropogon gracilior Nash in Small, 


Fl. Southeast. U. 8.63. 1903. Based on 
A. elliottti var. gracilior Hack. 

Andropogon ellioitit var. projectus Fern. 
and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 189. 1935. 
Biltmore, N. C., Biltmore Herb. No. 
1421c. 

(85) Andropogon exaristatus (Nash) Hitchce., 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. 
Based on Amphilophis exaristatus Nash. 

Andropogon saccharoides var. submuticus 
Vasey ex Hack., in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 495. 1889. Not A. sub- 
muticus Steud., 1854. Texas, Nealley. 

Amphilophis exaristatus Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 65. 1903. Based 
on Andropogon saccharoides var. sub- 
muticus Vasey. 

Bothriochloa exaristata Henr., Blumea 4: 
520. 1941. Based on Amphilophis ex- 
aristatus Nash. 

(20) Andropogon floridanus Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 23:145. 1896. [Eustis], 
Fla., Nash 1572. 

Andropogon bakeri Scribn. and Ball, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 39. 
1901. Grasmere, Fla., C. H. Baker 58. 

(14) Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Summa 
Pl. 6:16. 1792. Based on the diagnosis 
and figure in Gerard, Fl]. Gallo-pro- 
vincialis 107. f. 4. 1761. Provence, 
France. 

Andropogon provincialis Lam. Encyel. 1: 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 813 


376. 1785. Not Retz., 1783. Based on 
Gerard’s diagnosis and figure, and a 
plant in the Botanic Garden in Paris. 

Andropogon furcatus Muhl. in Willd., 
Sp. Pl. 4: 919. 1806. North America 
[probably Pennsylvania]. 

? Andropogon ternarius [Michx. misapplied 
by] Bertol., Accad. Sci. Bologna Mem. 
2:600. 1850. Alabama. 

Andropogon provincialis subvar. furcatus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 442. 
1889. Based on A. furcatus Muhl. 

Andropogon provincialis subvar. lind- 
heimert Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 
6: 448. 1889. Texas, Lindheimer 741. 

Andropogon provincialis subvar. pycnan- 
thus Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 
443. 1889. Texas, Vinzent 69. 

Andropogon provincialis var. tennesseensis 
Scribn., Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 
72: 23. 1894. Tennessee. 

Andropogon hallit var. grandiflorus Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 
21. 1897. Colorado, Shear 747 [type], 
605, 2366. 

Andropogon tennesseensis Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 16: 1. 
1899. Based on A. provincialis var. 
tennesseensis Scribn. 

(27) Andropogon glomeratus (Walt.) B. S. 
P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888. Based 
on Cinna glomerata Walt. 

Cinna glomeraita Walt., Fl. Carol. 59. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Andropogon macrourus Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:56. 1803. Carolina to Florida, 
Michaux. [Type labeled “Virginia to 
Carolina.’’] 

Andropogon spathaceus Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 186. 1820, name only; Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 93. 1840, as 
synonym of A. macrourus Michx. 

Anatherum macrourum Griseb., Amer. 
Acad. Mem. (ns.) 8: 534. 1863. 
Based on Andropogon macrourus Michx. 

Andropogon macrourus var. abbreviatus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 408. 
1889. [Pleasant Bridge], N. J., Gray. 

Andropogon macrourus var. corymbosus 
Chapm. ex Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 409. 1889. [Jacksonville], 
Fla., Curtiss 3639c. 

Sorghum glomeratum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 790. 1891. Based on Cinna 
glomerata Walt. 

Dimetostemon macrurus Raf. ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 1: 760. 1893, as synonym 
of Andropogon macrourus Michx. 

Andropogon glomeratus var. corymbosus 
Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 7 (ed. 3): 15. 1900. Based on A. 
macrourus var. corymbosus Chapm. 

Andropogon glomeratus var. abbreviatus 
Scribn:, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 7 (ed. 3): 15. 1900. Based on A. 
macrourus var. abbreviatus Hack. 

Andropogon corymbosus Nash in Britton, 


Man. 69. 1901. Based on A. macrourus 
var. corymbosus Chapm. 

Andropogon corymbosus abbreviatus Nash 
in Britton, Man. 70. 1901. Based on 
A. macrourus var. abbreviatus Hack. 

Andropogon glomeratus  tenuispatheus 
Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 61. 
1903. Florida [type] to New Mexico. 

Andropogon tenuispatheus Nash, N. Amer. 
Fl]. 17: 118. 1912. Based on A. glom- 
eratus tenuispatheus Nash. 

Andropogon virginicus var. corymbosus 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 142. pl. 
338. f.2. 1935. Based on A. macrourus 
var. corymbosus Chapm. 

Andropogon virginicus var. abbreviatus 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 142. pl. 
338. {.3. 1935. Based on A. macrourus 
var. abbreviatus Hack. 

Andropogon virginicus var. tenuispatheus 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 142. pl. 
338. f.1. 1935. Based on A. glomeratus 
tenuispatheus Nash. 

Andropogon virginicus var. hirsutior forma 
tenuispatheus Fernald, Rhodora 42: 
416. 1940. Based on A. glomeratus 
tenuispatheus Nash. 

(1) Andropogon gracilis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 284. 1825. Hispaniola. 

Andropogon juncifolius Desv. ex Hamilt., 
Prodr)- PIX Indi Occx<9.. 11825. St: 
Croix, Virgin Islands. 

Sorghum gracile Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
791. 1891. Based on Andropogon gra- 
cilis Spreng. 

Schizachyrium gracile Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 60. 1903. Based on 
Andropogon gracilis Spreng. 

(15) Andropogon hallii Hack., Sitzungsb. 
Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw. (Wien) 
891: 127. 1884. North America [Ne- 
braska], Hall and Harbour 651. 

Andropogon hallit var. flaveolus Hack., 
Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw. 
(Wien) 891: 128. 1884. [Nebraska] 
Hall and Harbour 651. 

Andropogon hallit var. incanescens Hack., 
Sitzungsb. Akad. Wiss. Math. Naturw] 
(Wien) 89!: 128. 1884. [Nebraska. 
Hall and Harbour. 

Andropogon hallit var. muticus Hack. in 
DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 444. 1889. 
Brighton, Colo., Vasey. 

Sorghum hallii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
791. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
hallit Hack. 

Andropogon geminatus Hack. ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 55. 1896. Texas, 
Nealley. 

Andropogon halliti var. bispicata Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 55. 1896, 
as synonym of A. geminatus Hack. 

Andropogon chrysocomus Nash in Britton, 
Man. 70. 1901. Kansas [type, Stevens 
County, Carleton 343] and Texas. 

Andropogon paucipilus Nash in Britton, 
Man. 70. 1901. Montana and Nebraska 


814 


[type, Whitman, Rydberg 1607]. 

Andropogon provincialis var. paucipilus 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 147. 
1935. Based on A. paucipilus Nash. 

Andropogon provincialis var. chrysocomus 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 147. 
1935. Based on A. chrysocomus Nash. 

Andropogon gerardi var. chrysocomus 
Fernald, Rhodora 45: 258. 1943. 
Based on A. chrysocomus Nash. 

Andropogon gerardt var. paucipilus Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 45: 258. 1943. Based 
on A. paucipilus Nash. 

(8) Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth, 
Rév. Gram. 1: Sup. 39. 1830. Based 
on Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees. 

Streptachne domingensis Spreng. ex 
Schult., Mantissa 2: 188. 1824. Not 
Andropogon domingensis Steud., 1821. 
Santo Domingo, Bertero. 

Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 334. 1829. Brazil, Sellow. 

Aristida domingensis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 62. 1829. Based on Streptachne do- 
mingensis Spreng. 

Andropogon oligostachyus Chapm., FI. 
South. U. 8. 581. 1860. Middle 
Florida, Chapman. 

Andropogon hirtiflorus var. oligostachyus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 372. 
1889. Based on A. oligostachyus 
Chapm. 

Sorghum hirtiflorum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 792. 1891. Based on Schizachy- 
rium hirtiflorum Nees. 

Schizachyrium oligostachywm Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8S. 59. 1908. 
Based on Andropogon  oligostachyus 
Chapm. 

Schizachyrium domingense Nash, N. Amer. 
Fl. 17: 108. 1912. Based on Stirep- 
tachne domingensis Spreng. 

Andropogon domingensis Hubb., Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 49: 493. 1913. Not A. 
domingensis Steud., 1821. Based on 
Streptachne domingensis Spreng. 

ANDROPOGON HIRTIFLORUS var. FEENSIS 
(Fourn.) Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 
6: 372. 1889. Based on A. feensis 
Fourn. 

Andropogon feensis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 62. 
1886. Santa Fé, Mexico, Bourgeau 752. 

Andropogon hirtiflorus var. brevipedicel- 
latus Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 44. 
1896. Chihuahua, Mexico, Pringle 383. 

Andropogon myosurus var. feensis Urbina, 
Pl. Mex. Cat. 379. 1897. Presumably 
based on A. feensis Fourn. 

Schizachyrium feense A. Camus, Ann. 
Soc. Linn. Lyon 70: 89. 1923. Based 
on Andropogon feensis Fourn. 

Andropogon ischaemum L., Sp. Pl. 1047. 
1753. Southern Europe. 

(9) Andropogon litteralis Nash in Britton, 
Man. 69. 1901. New York [type, 
Staten Island, Nash in 1894] and New 
Jersey. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Andropogon scoparius subsp. euscoparius 
Hack. ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
46. 1896. Cape May, N. J., Burk in 
1881 (misprinted as 1888). 

Andropogon scoparius var.  littoralis 
Hitche., Rhodora 8: 205. 1906. Based 
on A. littoralis Nash. 

Schizachyrium littorale Bicknell, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 35: 182. 1908. Based 
on Andropogon littoraiis Nash. 

Andropogon scoparius var. ducis Fern. and 
Grisc., Rhodora 37: 145. pl. 340. f. 1. 
2. 1935. West End Point, Naushon, 
Elizabeth Island, Mass., Fogg 2940. 

(22) Andropogon longiberbis Hack., Flora 
68: 1381. 1885. Florida, Garber [in 
1877]. 

Sorghum longiberbe Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 792. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
longiberbis Hack. 

(11) Andropogon maritimus Chapm., FI. 
South. U. S. ed. 2: 668. 1883. West 
Florida, Chapman. 

Andropogon scoparius subsp. maritumus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 385. 
1889. Based on A. maritimus Chapm. 

Schizachyrium maritimum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 59. 1903. Based 
on Andropogon maritimus Chapm. 

(16) Andropogon mohrii (Hack.) Hack. ex 
Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
11. 1892. Based on A. liebmanni sub- 
var. mohrii Hack. 

Andrepogon liebmannit subvar. mohrw 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 413. 
1889. Mobile, Ala., Mohr [in 1884]. 

Andropogon mohrit var. pungensis Ashe, 
Elisha Mitcheli Sci. Soe. Jour. 15: 
114. 1898. Washington County, N. C., 
Ashe. 

(6) Andropogon niveus Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 31: 354. f. 7. _ 1941. 
Kissimmee, Fla., Silveus 6684. 

Andropogon nodosus (Willem.) Nash, N. 
Amer. Fl. 17: 122. 1912. Based on 
Dichanthium nodosum Willem. 

Dichanthium nodosum Willem., Ann. Bot. 
Usteri 18:11. 1796. Mauritius. 

Andropogon mollicomus Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 365. 18380. Mauritius. 

Andropogon caricosus var. mollicomus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 569. 
1889. Based on A. mollicomus Kunth. 

(23) Andropogon perangustatus Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast, U. S. 62. 1903. 
Based on A. virginicus var. [viridis 
sub-var.] stenophyllus Hack. 

Andropogon virginicus var. viridis subvar. 
stenophyllus Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 411. 1889. Not A. steno- 
phyllus Roem. and Schult., 1817. 
Florida, Chapman [in 1884]. 

Andropogon virginicus var. stenophyllus 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 142. 
1935. Based on A. virginicus var. 
viridis subvar. stenophyllus Hack. 


Sage ——— 


(32) Anéropogeon perforatus Trin. ex Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 59. 18386. [Mexico City] 
Mexico, Berlandier 641. 

Andropogon emersus Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
58. 1886. Orizaba, Mexico, Mueller 


2033. 
Andropogon saccharoides var. leucopogon 
subvar. perforatus Hack. in DC., 


Monogr. Phan. 6: 496. 1889. Based on 
A. perforatus Trin. 

Andropogon saccharoides var. perforatus 
Hack. ex L. H. Dewey, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 2: 497. 1894. Pre- 
sumably based on A. perforatus Trin. 

Amphilophis perforatus Nash in Small, Fl. 
Southeast. U. 8. 66. 1903. Based on 
Andropogon perforatus ‘Trin. 

Holcus saccharoides var. perforatus Hack. 
ex Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 
11: 48. 1904. Presumably based on 
Andropogon perforatus Trin. 

Amphilophis emersus Nash, N. Am. FI. 17: 
126. 1912. Based on Andropogon 
emersus Fourn. 

Bothriochloa perforata Herter, Rev. Suda- 
mer. Bot. 6: 185. 1940. Based on 
Andropogon perforatus Trin. 

Bothriochloa emersa Henr., Blumea 4: 
520. 1941. Based on Andropogon 
emersus Fourn. 

Andropogon pertusus (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 
ae 1806. Based on Holcus pertusus 

Holcus pertusus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 301. 
1771. East Indies. 

Bothriochloa pertusa A. Camus, Ann. Soc. 
Linn. Lyon n. ser. 76 (1930): 164. 1931. 
Based on Holcus pertusus L. 

(12) Andropogon rhizomaitus Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 31: 352. f. 6. 1941. 
Homestead, Fla., Silveus 6614. 

(34) Andropogon saccharvides 
Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 26. 
maica, Swartz. 

Andropogon argenteus DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 77. 1813. Mexico, Sessé. 

Andropogon laguroides DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 78. 1813. Grown from Mexi- 
can seed. 

Andropogon glaucus Torr., Ann. Lye. 
N. Y. 1: 158. 1824. Not A. glaucus 
Retz., 1789. Canadian River, Tex., 
James. 

Trachypogon argenteus Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 348. 1829. Based on Andro- 
pogon argenteus DC. 

Trachypogon laguroides Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 349. 1829. Based on Andropogon 
laguroides DC. 

Andropogon torreyanus Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2.1:98. 1840. Based on A. glaucus 
Torr. 

Andropogon jamesii Torr. in Marcy, Expl. 
Red. Riv. 302. 1853. Based on A. 
glaucus Torr. 

Andropogon saccharoides var. laquroides 
Hack: im? Mart... Fl... Bras...2%: 293. 


Swartz, 
1788. Ja- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


815 


1883. Based on A. laguroides DC. 

Andropogon tenuirachis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 
2:58. 1886. Mexico. 

Andropogon saccharoides var. torreyanus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 495. 
1889. Based on A. torreyanus Steud. 

Sorghum saccharoides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
P]. 2: 792. 1891. Based on Andro- 
pogon saccharoides Swartz. 

Andropogon saccharoides var. glaucus 
Seribn., Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 28. 
1894. Based on A. glaucus Torr. 

Amphilophis torreyanus Nash in Britton, 
Man. 71. 1901. Based on Andropogon 
torreyanus Steud. 

Holcus saccharoides Kuntze ex Stuck., 
An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 48. 
1904, Presumably based on Andropogon 
saccharoides Swartz. 

Holcus saccharoides var. laguroides Hack. 
ex Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 
11: 48. 1904. Presumably based on 
Andropogon laguroides DC. 

Amphilophis saccharoides Nash, N. Amer. 
Fl. 17: 125. 1912. Based on Andropo- 
gon saccharoides Swartz. 

Bothriochloa saccharoides Rydb., Brittonia 
1: 81. 1931. Based on Andropogon 
saccharoides Swartz. 

Bothriochloa laguroides Herter, Rev. Suda- 
mer. Bot. 6: 1385. 1940. Based on 
Andropogon laguroides DC. 

(8) Andropogon scoparius Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:57. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 
Andropogon purpurascens Muhl. in Willd., 
Sp. Pl. 4: 913. 1806. North America 
[type received from Muhlenberg]. List- 
ed by Muhlenberg in Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. 4: 237. 1799. “Clayton 602” 

cited but without description. 

Andropogon flexilis Bose ex Poir. in Lam., 
Encyl. Sup. 1: 583. 1810. North 
America, Bosc [type, Carolina]. 

Pollinia scoparia Spreng., Pl. Pugill. 2: 
13. 1815. Based on Andropogon sco- 
parius Michx. 

Andropogon halei Wood, Class-book ed. 
1861. 809. 1861. [Louisiana, Hale.] 

Andropogon scoparius subsp. genuinus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 384. 
1889. Based on A. scoparius Michx. 

Andropogon scopartus subvar. flexilis 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 384. 
1889. Based on A. flexilis Bosc. 

Andropogon scopartus subvar. caesia 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 384. 
1889. No locality cited. (Plants with 
pruinose sheaths.) 

Andropogon scoparius subvar. serpentinus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 384. 
1889. No locality cited. (Plants with 
strongly flexuous rachis.) 

Andropogon scoparius subvar. simplicior 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 384. 
1889. No locality cited. (Sparingly 
branching plants.) 

Sorghum scoparium Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 


816 


Pl. 2:792. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
scoparius Michx. 

Andropogon scoparius var. polycladus 
Scribn. and Ball, U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 40. 1901. 
“Braidentown” (Bradenton), Fila., 
Combs 1298. 


Andropogon scopartus var. villosissimus 
Kearney in Scribn. and Ball, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 41. 
1901. Waynesboro, Miss., Kearney 136. 
(Foliage villous.) 

Schizachyrium scoparium Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 59. 1908. Based 
on Andropogon scoparius Michx. 

Schizachyrium villosissimum Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 59, 1326. 
1903. Based on Andropogon scoparius 
var. villosissimus Kearney. 

Schizachyrvum acuminatum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 59, 1326. 1903. 
Starkville, Miss., Tracy in 1890. 
(Sessile spikelets 10 mm. long.) 

Andropogon scoparius var. frequens Hubb., 
Rhodora 19: 103. 1917. Block Island, 
R.1., Fernald, Long, and Torrey 8476. 

Andropogon scoparius var. glaucescens 
House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 254: 68. 
1924. West of Albany, N. Y. [House 
3 in 1918]. 

Andropogon scoparius var. genuinus Fern. 
and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 148, 144. 
1935. Based on A. scoparius Michx. 

Andropogon scoparius var. septentrionalis 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 145. pl. 
339, f. 1, 2. 1935. Canada, Rolland 
19199. 

Andropogon praematurus Fernald, Rho- 
dora 42: 413. pl. 626. f. 1-3. 1940. 
Skipper’s, Greenville County, Va., 
Fernald and Long 10092. 

Andropogon praematurus forma hirti- 
vaginatus Fernald, Rhodora 44: 388. 
1942. Sussex County, Va., Fernald and 
Long 13248. 

Andropogon scoparius var. genuinus forma 
calvescens Fernald, Rhodora 45: 390. 
1943. Virginia, Fernald and Lewis 
14474. 

ANDROPOGON SCOPARIUS Var. NEOMEXICANUS 
(Nash) Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 
41: 168. 1928. Based on A. neo-mexi- 
canus Nash. 

Andropogon neo-mexicanus Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 25: 88. 1898. White 
Sands, Dofa Ana County, N. Mex., 
Wooton [583] in 1897. 

Schizachyrium neo-mexicanum Nash, N. 
Amer, Fl. 17: 107. 1912. Based on 
Andropogon neo-mexicanus Nash. 

(4) Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth, 
Réy. Gram. 1: Sup. 39. 18380. Based 
on Schizachyrium semaberbe Nees. 

Schizachyrium semiberbe Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 336. 1829. Brazil, Sellow. 

Andropogon vaginatus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 336. 1830. Not A. vaginatus EIL., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1816. Mexico, Haenke. 

Andropogon velatus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 39. 1830. Based on A. vaginatus 
Presl. 

Andropogon semiberbis subvar. pruinatus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 370. 
1889. [Eau Gallie,] Fla., Curtiss 3633. 

Andropogon tener Curtiss ex Hack. in 
DC., Monogr. Phan. 6:370. 1889. Not 
A. tener Kunth, 1830. As synonym of 
A. semiberbis subvar. pruinatus Hack. 

Sorghum semiberbe Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 792. 1891. Based on Schizachyrium 
semiberbe Nees. 

Andropogon hirtiflorus var. semiberbis 
Stapf in Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 337. 1898. 
Based on A. semiberbis Kunth. 

(7) Andropogon sericatus Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 31: 355. f. 8. 1941. 
Ramrod Key, Fla., Silveus 6638. 

Andropogon sericeus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. 
Holl. 1: 201. 1810. Australia. 

(13) Andropogon stolonifer (Nash) Hitche., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 299. 1915. Based 
on Schizachyrium stoloniferum Nash. 

Schizachyrium stoloniferum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 59, 1326. 1908. 
Florida, Chapman. 

Schizachyrium triaristatum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 60, 1326. 1908. 
Florida, Chapman. 

(29) Andropogon subtenuis Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 63. 19038. Biloxi, 
Miss., Tracy 2243. 

(2) Andropogon tener (Nees) Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: Sup. 39. 1830. Based on 
Schizachyrium tenerum Nees. 

Schizachyrium tenerum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
336. 1829. Brazil, Sellow. 

Andropogon gracilis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
3836. 18380. Not A. gracilis Spreng. 
1825. Peru, Haenke. 

Andropogon preslit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: Sup. 39. 1830. Based on A. gracilis 
Presl. 

Andropogon leptophyllus Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 
264. 1832. Based on Schizachyrium 
tenerum Nees. 

Sorghum tenerum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 
792. 1891. Based on Schizachyrium 
tenerum Nees. 

(18) Andropogon ternarius Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:57. 1803. Carolina, Michaux. 

Andropogon argenteus Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 148. 1816. Not A. argenteus 
DC., 1813. Presumably South Carolina. 

Andropogon argyraeus Schult., Mantissa 


: 450. 1824. Based on A. argenteus 
EIL 
Andropogon muhlenbergianus  Schult., 


Mantissa 2: 455. 1824. Based on 
Muhlenberg’s Andropogon No. 4. North 
Carolina. 

Andropogon belvisii Desv., Opusc. 67. 
1831. No locality cited. 

Sorghum argenteum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 


Pl. 2: 790. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
argenteus Ell. 

Andropogon argyraeus var. tenuis Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:12. 1892. 
Texas [Dallas, Reverchon 1161]. 

Andropogon argyraeus macrus Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 1: 
20. 1895. [Jacksonville,] Fla., Curtiss 
4952. Published as new by Scribner and 
Ball (Hackel given as author), U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 39. 
1900, Tracy 3891 cited as type. 

Andropogon elliottti var. glaucescens 
Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 238: 145. 
1896. Eustis, Fla., Nash 478. 

Andropogon scribnerianus Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 432. 1900. Based on 
A, elliottit var. glawcescens Scribn. 

Andropogon mississippiensis Scribn. and 
Ball, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 24: 40. 1901. Biloxi, Miss., 
Tracy 3818. 

Andropogon ternarius var. glaucescens 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 1387. 
1935. Based on A. elliottia var. glau- 
cescens Sceribn. 

(21) Andropogon tracyi Nash, N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Bul. 1: 483. 1900. Columbus, 
Miss., Tracy 3083. 

(26) Andropogon virginicus L., Sp. Pl. 1046. 
1753. America. The type specimen bears 
no data indicating origin. Linnaeus had 
also a specimen from Gronovius, Clay- 
ton 460 from Virginia. 

Cinna lateralis Walt., Fl. Carol. 59. 1788. 
South Carolina. 

Andropogon dissitiflorus Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:57. 1803. Carolina to Florida, 
Michauz. 

Anatherum virginicum Spreng., Pl. Pugill. 
2: 16. 1815. Based on Andropogon 
virginicus L. 

Andropogon vaginatus Ell., Bot. 5S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 148. 1816. Presumably South 
Carolina. 

Andropogon tetrastachyus Ell., Bot. S. C. 
and Ga. 1: 150. pl. 8. f. 4. 1816. Charles- 
ton, S. C. 

Holcus virginicus Muhl. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 773. 1840, as synonym 
of Andropogon virginicus L. 

Andropogon ertophorus Scheele, Flora 27: 
dl. 1844. Not A. eriophorus Willd., 
1806. Charles Town, W. Va. 

?Andropogon louisianae Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 383. 1854. Louisiana. 

Andropogon curtisianus Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 390. 1854. Carolina, M. A. 
Curtis. Referred by Hackel to A. 
virginicus var. tetrastachyus. Description 
does not well apply to any of our species. 

Andropogon virginicus var. vaginatus 
Wood, Class-book ed. 1861. 808. 1861. 
Based on A. vaginatus Ell. 

Andropogon virginicus subsp. genuinus 
Hack. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2%: 2865. 


| MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 817 


1883. Based on A. virginicus L. 

Andropogon virginicus var. viridis Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 410. 1889. 
Group name for three subvarieties, 
1. genuinus being A. virginicus L. 

Andropogon virginicus var. tetrastachyus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 411. 
1889. Based on A. tetrastachyus Ell. 

Sorghum virginicum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 792. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
virginicus L. 

Dimeiostemon vaginatus Raf. ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 1: 760. 1893, as synonym 
of Andropogon virginicus L. 

Dimeiostemon tetrastachys Raf. ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 1: 760. 1893, as synonym 
of Andropogon virgunicus L. 

Andropogon virginicus var. genuinus Fern. 
and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 142. 19385. 
Based on A. virginicus L. 

ANDROPOGON VIRGINICUS var. GLAUCOPSIS 
(Kil.) Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 139. 
1934. Based on A. macrourus var. 
glaucopsis HL. 

Andropogon macrourus var. glaucopsis 
Ell., Bot. 8S. C. and Ga. 1: 150. 1816. 
Presumably South Carolina. 

Andropogon glaucopsis Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 1: 91. 1840. Not A. glaucopsis 
Steud., 1854. Based on A. macrourus 
var. glaucopsis Ell. Published as new by 
Nash, in Small, Fl. Southeast. U.S. 62. 
1903, same basis. 

Andropogon virginicus var. dealbatus 
Mohr ex Hack., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 
6: 411. 1889. Mobile, Ala., Mohr 
[in 1894]. 

Andropogon glomeratus var. glaucopsis 
Mohr, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 21. 
1897. Based on A. macrourus var. 
glaucopsis Ell. 

ANDROPOGON VIRGINICUS var. HIRSUTIOR 
(Hack.) Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 
23: 456. 1933. Based on A. macrourus 
var. hirsutior Hack. 

Andropogon macrourus var. hirsutior Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 409. 1889. 
Mobile, Ala., Mohr [October 28, 1884]. 

Andropogon virginicus var. viridis subvar. 
ditior Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 
411. 1889. [Jacksonville], Fla., Curtiss 
3639d. 

Andropogon macrourus var. viridis Curtiss 
ex Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 
411. 1889, assynonym of A. virginicus 
var. ditior Hack. Florida, Curtiss N. 
Amer. Pl. 3639d. 

Andropogon macrourus var. pumilus 
Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 16: 27. 1891. [Semi- 
nole Cave, Val Verde County], western 
Texas, Nealley [256 in 1890]. 

Andropogon macrourus var. viridis Chapm. 
ex Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
3:11. 1892. Florida, Chapman. 

Andropogon glomeratus var. pumilus Vasey 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 


813 


Contrib. 2: 496. 1894. Presumably 
based on A. macrourus var. pumilus 
Vasey. 

Andropogon glomeratus var. hirsutior 
Mohr, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 21. 
1897. Based on A. macrourus var. hir- 
sutior Hack. 

Andropogon virginicus var. tenuispatheus 

~ forma hirsutior Fern. and Grisc., Kho- 
dora 37: 142. 1935. Based on A. 
macrourus var. hirsutior Hack. 

(31) Andropogon wrightii Hack., Flora 68: 
139. 1885. [Silver City] N. Mex., 
Wright 2104. 

Sorghum wrightit Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
792. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
wrightii Hack. 

Amphilophis wrightiti Nash, N. Amer. FI. 
17: 124. 1912. Based on Andropogon 
wrightii Hack. 

Bothriochloa wrightit Henr., Blumea 4: 
520. 1941. Based on Andropogon 
wrightit Hack. 


(127) ANTHAENANTIA Beaty. 


(1) Anthaenantia rufa (Ell.) Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 258. 1824. Based on Auwlaz- 
anthus rufus Ell. 

Aulaxanthus rufus Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 
1: 103. 1816. South Carolina. 

Aulazia rufa Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:47. 1818. 
Based on Aulaxanthus rufus Ell. 

Panicum rufum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 35. 
1829. Based on Aulaxanthus rufus Ell. 

Monachne rufa Bertol., Accad. Sci. Bo- 
logna Mem. 2: 596. pl. 41. f. 1. 1850. 
Based on Panicum rufum Kunth. 

Leptocoryphium drummondii C. Muell., 
Bot. 4tg. 19: 314. 1861. Louisiana, 
Drummond. 

Panicum ciliatiflorum var. rufum Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 392. 1871. 
[Southern States. ] 

Panicum aulaxanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 32: 861. 1898. Based on Aulaxan- 
thus rufus Ell. 

Anthaenantia rufa scabra Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 79. 1903. South 
Carolina to Louisiana. 

(2) Anthaenantia villosa (Michx.) Beauv., 
Kss. Agrost. 48, 151, pl. 10. f. 7. 1812. 
Based on Phalaris villosa Michx. 

Phalaris villosa Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
43. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Aulaxanthus ciliatus Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 102. 1816. South Carolina. 

Panicum erianthum Poir., Encyel. Sup. 4: 
284. 1816. Carolina, Bosc. 

Panicum hirticalycinum Bose ex Roem. 
and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 468. 1817, 
as synonym of Anthaenaniia villosa 
Beauv. 

Aulazia ciliata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 47. 
aoe Based on Aulaxanthus ciliatus 

Panicum hirticalyecum Bose ex Spreng., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Syst. Veg. 1: 315. 
P. erianthum Poir. 

Oplismenus erianthos Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1:45. 1829. Based on Panicum erian- 
thum Poir. 

Panicum ignoratum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 2: 
217. pl. 20. 1830. Based on Phalaris 
villosa Michx. 

Leptocoryphium obtusum Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 34. 1854. Louisiana, Riehl. 
Panicum ciliatiflorum Wood, Class-book 
pt. 2: 786. 1861. Not P. ciliatiflorum 

KKunth, 1829. Southern States. 

Panicum anthaenantia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 3?: 361. 1898. Based on Anthae- 
nantia villosa Beauv. 


ANTHEPHORA Schreb. 


Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 759. 1891. Based on 
Tripsacum hermaphroditum L. 

Tripsacum hermaphroditum L., Syst. Nat. 
ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759. Jamaica. 

Anthephora elegans Schreb., Beschr. Gris. 
2: 105. pl. 44. 1810. Jamaica. 


(117) ANTHOXANTHUM L. 


(2) Anthoxanthum aristatum Boiss., Voy. 
Bot. Esp. 2: 638. 1845. Southern 
Europe. 

Anthoxanthum puelit Lec. and Lam., 
Cat. Pl. France 385. 1847. France. 

Anthozanthum odoratum var. puelit Coss. 
and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2:21. 1854. 
Based on A. puelit Lec. and Lam. 

Anthoxanthum odoratum var. aristatum 
Coss. and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 
22. 1854-55. Based on A. aristatum 
Boiss. 

Anthoxanthum gracile Bivon., Stirp. Rar. 
Sic. 1:18. pl. 1.f.2. 1818. Italy. 

(1) Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Sp. Pl. 28. 
1753. Europe. 

Anthozxanthum odoratum var. altussimum 
Eaton and Wright, Man. Bot. North. 
States 10. 1817. Probably Connec- 
ticut, Ives. 

Xanthonanthos odoratum St. Lag., Ann. 
Soc. Bot. Lyon 7:119. 1880. Based on 
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 


(70) APERA Adans. 


interrupta (L.) Beauv., Ess. 


2) Apera 
@) 1812. Based on . 


Agrost. 31, 151. 
Agrostis interrupta L. 
Agrostis interrupta L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 


872. 1759. Europe. 
Anemagrostis interrupta Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 129. 1820. Based on Agrostis 


interrupta L. 

Muhlenbergia interrupta Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum.1:177. 1854. Based on Agrosiis 
interrupta L. 

Agrostis spica-venti var. interrupta Hook. 
f., Stud. Fl. 432. 1870. Based on A. 
interrupta L. 


1825, assynonymof © 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Agrostis anemagrostis subsp. interrupta 
Syme in Sowerby, English Bot. ed. 3. 
11:44. 1873. Based on A. interrupia L. 

Apera spica-venti var. tnterrupta Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 357. 1896. Based 
on Agrostis interrupta L. 

Agrestis interrupta Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
289. 1901. Based on Agrostis inter- 
rupta L. 

(1) Apera_ spica-venti (L.) Beauv., Hss. 
Agrost. 151. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
spica-venti L. 

Agrostis spica-venti L., Sp. Pl. 61. 1758. 
Europe. 

Agrostis gracilis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 25. 
1796. Based on A. spica-venti L. 

Anemagrostis spica-venitt Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 129. 1820. Based on Agrostis 
spica-venti L. 

Festuca spica-venti Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 445. 1825. Based on Agrostis 
spica-ventd I.. 

Muhlenbergia spica-ventt Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 2865. 


1841. Based on Agrostis spica-venti L. - 


Agrostis ventosa Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 74. 
1867. Based on Apera_ spica-ventt 
Beauv. 

Agrostis anemagrostis Syme in Sowerby, 
English Bot. ed. 3. 11: 43. 1878. 
Based on Anemagrostis spica-vent? Trin. 

Agrostis anemagrostis subsp. spica-venti 
Syme in Sowerby, English Bot. ed. 3. 
i 43. 1873. Based on A. spica-venit 


(92) ARISTIDA L. 


(14) Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. 
17538. Ascension Island. 
Aristida interrupta Cav., Icon. Pl. 5: 
45. pl. 471. f.2. 1799. Mexico. 
Chaetaria ascensionis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 


Pl. 82. 


30, 151, 158. 1812. Based on A. 
adscensionis L. 
Aristida bromides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 


Sp. 1: 122. 1815. Ecuador, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Aristida coarctata H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 122. 1815. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Chaetaria bromoides Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 396. 1817. Based on 
Aristida bromoides H. B. K. 

Chaetaria coarctata Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 396. 1817. Based on 
Aristida coarctata H. B. K. 

Aristida fasciculata Torr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. 
1: 154. 1824. Canadian River [Texas 
or Oklahoma], James. 

Chaeiaria fasciculata Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1):578. 1827. Based on Aristida 
fasciculata Torr. 

Aristida nigrescens Pres], Rel. Haenk. 1: 
223. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Aristida dispera Trin. and Rupr., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 52: 129. 
1842. Chile. 


819 


Aristida dispersa var. bromoides Trin. and 
Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. 
Nat. 5!: 180. 1842. Based on A. 
bromoides H. B. K. 

Aristida dispersa var. coarctata Trin. and 
Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. 
VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 130. 1842. Based on 
A. coarctata H. B. K. 

Aristida maritima Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 137. 1854. Guadeloupe. 

Aristida schaffnert Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 78. 
1886. Mexico, Schaffner 

Aristida grisebachiana Fourn., Mex. Pl. 
2: 78. 1886. Mexico, Schaffner 175 in 
part, 53. 

Aristida grisebachiana var. 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 78. 
LIiebmann 663, 664. 

Aristida adscensionis var. coarctata 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3: 340. 1898. 
Based on A. coarctata H. B. K. 

Aristida americana bromoides Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 32:5. 1901. Based on A. bromoides 
BH. Bik 


decolorata 
1886. Mexico, 


Aristida debilis Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 
Fedde 17: 151. 1921. Venezuela, Mo- 
ritz [638]. [Moritz 1522 named A. debilis 
by Mez is different. It has been named 
A. morilzu Henr.] Jamaica, MacNab. 

Aristida adscensionis var. bromoides Henr., 
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 54:62. 1926. 
Based on A. bromoides H. B. K. 

Aristida adscensionis var. mexicana Hack. 
ex Henr., Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 
d4A: 265. 1927, as synonym of A. 
adscenstonis. Morelia, Mexico, Arséne. 

(34) Aristida affinis (Schult.) Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1:61. 1829. Based on Chaetaria 
affinis Schult. 

Aristida racemosa Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
172. 1817. Not A. racemosa Spreng., 
1807. Presumably Pennsylvania. 

Chaetaria affinis Schult., Mantissa 2: 210. 
1824. Based on Aristida racemosa Muhl. 

Aristida purpurascens var. alabamensis 
Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 102. 1842. 
Alabama. 

Aristida virgata var. palustris Chapm., FI. 
South. U. 8S. 555. 1860. Western 
Florida. 

Aristida palustris Vasey, Grasses U. S. 
Descr. Cat. 35. 1885. Based on A. 
virgata var. palustris Chapm. 

(29) Aristida arizonica Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 18: 27. 1886. Arizona 
[Rusby 875; but the specimen bearing 
the name and diagnosis in Vasey’s 
script was collected by G. R. Vasey at 
Las Vegas, N. Mex.]. 

(16) Aristida barbata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
78. 1886. Valley of Mexico, Schaffner 
5138. 

Aristida havardit Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 18: 27. 1886. Western 
Texas, Havard [28]. The date of publi- 


820 


cation is assumed to be subsequent to 
that of A. barbata. 

(8) Aristida basiramea Engelm. ex Vasey, 
Bot. Gaz. 9: 76. 1884. Minneapolis, 
Minn., Upham. 

(8) Aristida californica Thurb. in S. Wats., 
Bot. Calif. 2: 289. 1880. California, 
Colorado Desert, Schott; Fort Mohave, 
Cooper. 

Aristida jonesii Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3: 48. 1892, as synonym of 
A. californica. [The Needles, Calif., 
Jones 68a.] 

Aristida californica var. fugitiva Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:49. 1892. 
Colorado Desert, California, Orcutt 
[1486]. 

(39) Aristida condensata Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 
3: 19. 1878. Florida [Apalachicola, 
Chapman]. 

Aristida stricta var. condensata Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:45. 1892. 
Based on A. condensata Chapm. 

Aristida combsii Seribn. and Ball, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 48. f. 
17. 1901. Grasmere, Fla., Combs and 
Baker 1069. 

Aristida condensata var. combsit Henr., 
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 54: 108. 1926. 
Based on A. combsit Scribn. and Ball. 

(10) Aristida curtissii (A. Gray) Nash in 
Britton, Man. 94. 1901. Based on 
A. dichotoma var. curtissii A. Gray. 

Aristida dichotoma var. curtissii A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 6. 640. 1890. [Bedford 
County, Va., Curtiss.] 

Aristida basiramea var. curtissit Shinners, 


Amer. Midl. Nat. 23: 6383. 1940. 
Bere on A. dichotoma var. curtissit A. 
ray. 


(1) Aristida desmantha Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51: 109. 1842. Texas, Drummond 285 
[type], 333. 

(9) Aristida dichotoma Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 41. 1803. Lincoln, N. C., 
Michaux. 

Curtopogon dichotomus Beauv., Ess. Ag- 
rost. 32, 159. pl. 8.f.7. 1812. Based on 
Aristida dichotoma Michx. 

Cyrtopogon dichotomus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 266. 1825. Based on Aristida dicho- 
toma Michx. 

Avena setacea Muhl. ex Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 
87. 1830. Not A. setacea Vill., 1787. 
As synonym of Aristida dichotoma 
Michx. 

Avena paradoxa Willd. ex Kunth, Enum. 
Pl. 1: 188. 1833, as synonym of 
Aristida dichotoma Michx. 

Aristida dichotoma forma major Shinners, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 23: 634. 1940. 
Starkville, Miss., Kearney in 1896. 

(17) Aristida divaricata Humb. and Bonpl. 
ex Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 99. 1809. 
Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Chaetaria divaricata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
30, 158. 1812. Based on type of 
Aristida divaricata Humb. and Bonpl. 

Aristida humboldtiana Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51: 118. 1842. Based on type of A. 
divaricata Humb. and Bonpl. 

Aristida palmeri Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10: 42. 1883. Southern Arizona, 
Palmer. 

Aristida lemmoni Scribn., N. Y. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 14: 23. 1894. Arizona 
[Fort Huachuca, Wilcoz]. 

(27) Aristida fendleriana Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 420. 1855. New Mexico, 
Fendler 973. 

Aristida purpurea var. fendleri Vasey in 
Rothr., Cat. Pl. Survey W. 100th 
Merid. 55. 1874. Name only, Denver 
[Wolf] 1110. 

Aristida purpurea var. fendleriana Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:46. 1892. 
Based on A. fendleriana Steud. 

Aristida fasciculata var. fendleriana Vasey 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 515. 1894. Based on A. 
fendleriana Steud. 

Aristida longiseta fendleriana Merr., U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 34: 5. 
1901. Based on A. fendleriana Steud. 

Aristida subuniflora Nash in Small, FL. 
Southeast. U. S. 116. 1908. New 
Mexico, Vasey. 

(6) Aristida floridana (Chapm.) Vasey, 
Grasses U. S. Descr. Cat. 35. 1885. 
Based on Streptachne floridana Chapm. 

Streptachne floridana Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. 554. 1860. South Florida, Blod- 
geit. 

Ortachne floridana Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 119. 1903. Based on 
Sireptachne floridana Chapm. 

(4) Aristida glabrata (Vasey) Hitchc., U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 522. 1924. 
Based on A. californica var. glabrata 
Vasey. 

Aristida californica var. major Vasey, 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. II. 2: 212. 1889. 
Name only [Magdalena Island, Brande- 
gee in 1889]. 

Aristida californica var. glabrata Vasey, 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. II. 3:178. 1891. 
San José del Cabo, Baja California, 
[Brandegee 34 in 1890]. 

(22) Aristida glauca (Nees) Walp., Ann. 
Bot. [London] 1: 925. 1849. Based on 
Chaetaria glauca Nees. 

Chaetaria glauca Nees, Linnaea 19: 688. 
1847. Mexico, Aschenborn 251. 

Aristida reverchoni Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 52. 1886. Crockett 
County, Tex., Reverchon. 

Aristida stricta var. nealleyi Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 55. 1890. 
Chenate Mountains, Tex., Nealley [709]. 

Aristida nealleyi Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3: 45. 1892. Based on A. 


——— PS © ee ee ee 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES 


stricta var. nealleyi Vasey. 

Aristida reverchoni var. augusta [error for 
angusta] Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3:46. 1892. Comanche Peak, 


Tex., Reverchon. 
Aristida vaseyi Woot. and Standl., N. 


Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 55. 1912. 
Based on A. reverchont var. augusta 
Vasey 


(40) Aecida gyrans Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 3: 
18. 1878. Roberts Key, Caximbas 
Bay, Fla. [Chapman]. 

(18) Aristida hamulosa Henr., Med. Rijks 
Herb. Leiden 54: 219. 1926. Tucson, 
Ariz., Toumey. 

Aristida humboldtiana var. minor Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:47. 1892. 
Texas [ Nealley]. 

Aristida imbricata Henr., Med. Rijks 
Herb. Leiden 54A: 253. 1927. El Paso, 
Tex., Griffiths 7433. 

Aristida gentilis var. breviaristata Henr., 
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 54A: 255. 
1927. Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., 
Griffiths 7270. 

(15) Aristida intermedia Scribn. and Ball, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
44,f.18. 1901. Biloxi, Miss., Kearney 
204. 

(28) Aristida lanosa Muhl. ex Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 148. 1816. South 
Carolina; name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 
14. 18138. 

Aristida lanata Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 1: 453. 1810. Not A. lanata 
Forsk., 1775. Carolina, Bosc. 

Aristida gossy pina Bose ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 30, 152. 1812. Name only. 

Chaetaria gossypina Bosc ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 30, 152, 158. 1812. Name 
only; Roem. and ‘Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 
391. 1817. Based on Aristida lanata 
Poir. 

Aristida lanuginosa Bosc ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 2!: 46. 
1836, name only; Clarion in Trin. and 
Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. 
Sci. Nat. 5!: 103. 1842. North America, 
Bosc. 

Moulinsia lanosa Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 267. 1894, as synonym of 
Aristida lanosa Muhl. 

Aristida lanosa var. macera Fern. and 
Grisc., Rhodora 37: 135, pl. 335. 1935. 
oe Henry, Va., Fernald and Griscom 

19. 

(13) Aristida longespica Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 1: 452. 1810. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Aristida gracilis Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 
142. pl. 8. f. 3. 1816. Charleston, S. C. 

Aristida geniculata Raf., Amer. Monthly 
Mag. 2:119. 1817. Long Island, N. Y. 

Curtopogon gracilis Nees ex Trin. and 
Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. 
Sei. Nat. 51: 101. 1842, as synonym of 
Aristida gracilis Elly 


OF THE UNITED STATES 821 

Aristida gracilis var. depauperata A. Gray, 

Man. ed. 5. 618. 1867. Philadelphia, 
Smith. 

Aristida sumplicifolia [error for stimplici- 
flora] var. texana Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 44. 1892. Texas, 
[Marshall, Riggs 79]. 

Trizostis gracilis Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 1131. 1895, as synonym of 
Aristida gracilis Ell. 

Aristida longespica var. geniculata Fern- 
ald, Rhodora 35: 318. 19338. Based on 
A. geniculata Raf. 

(26) Aristida longiseta Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 420. 1855. New Mexico, 
Fendler 978. 

Aristida curtiseta Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 92. 1862. Northern 
Texas [Buckley. Spikelets of type 
aborted by smut]. (Erroneously given 
in Index Kewensis as A. breviseta.) 

Aristida purpurea var. longiseta Vasey 
in Rothr., in Wheeler, U. 8. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 286. 1878. 
Based on A. longiseta Steud. 

Aristida fasciculata var. nuttallii Thurb. 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 208. 1896. 
Based on A. longiseta Steud., though 
Thurber’s name probably referred to 
A. pallens as used by Nuttall. 

ARISTIDA LONGISETA Var. RARIFLORA Hitchce., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 565. 
1924. Tom Green County, Tex., 
Tweedy. (Published as A. longiseta rari- 
flora.) 

Aristida rariflora Henr., Med. Rijks Herb. 
Leiden 54A: 314. 1927. Based on A. 
longiseta rariflora Hitche. 

ARISTIDA LONGISETA var. ROBUSTA Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 34: 
5. 1901. Indian Creek, Mont., Scrib- 
ner 336. 

Aristida purpurea robusta Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 107. 1906. 
Based on A. longiseta var. robusta 


Merr. 

(37) Aristida mohrii Nash, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Bul. 1: 436. 1900. Spring Hill, near 
Mobile, Ala., Mohr. 

(11) Aristida oligantha Michx., FI. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 41. 18038. Illinois, Michauz. 

? Aristida adscensionis [L. misapplied by] 
Walt., Fl. Carol. 74. 1788. South 
Carolina. 

Chaetaria olygantha Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
30, 158. 1812. Based on Aristida olt- 
gantha Michx. 

Aristida pallens [Cav. misapplied by] 
Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 57. 1818. Fort 
Mandan, N. Dak. [ Nuttall]. 

Aristida micropoda Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51: 107. 1842. Arkansas, Beyrich. 

Aristida macrochaeta Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 134. 1854. Virginia, M@. A. 
Curtis. 


822 


Aristida pauciflora Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 92. 1862. Northern 
Texas [Buckley]. 

Aristida oligantha var. 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 202. 
Pass, Oreg., Howell. 

(7) Aristida orcuttiana Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 27. 1886. Hansen’s 
Ranch, Baja California, Orcutt [507]. 

Aristida hypomegas Mez, Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 17: 146. 1921. New 
Mexico, Bigelow [84]. 

This species has been referred to A. schie- 
diana Trin. and Rupr., a Mexican species 
not known from the United States. 

(20) Aristida pansa Woot. and Standl., U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 16: 112. 1913. 
Tortugas Mountain, N. Mex., Wooton. 

(88) Aristida parishii Hitchc., in Jepson, FI. 
Calif. 1: 101. 1912. Agua Caliente, 
Calif., Parish Brothers 1029a. 

(19) Aristida patula Chapm. ex Nash, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 23: 98. 1896. 
Based on A. scabra as described by 
Chapman (FI. South. U. S. ed. 2. 663. 


MISC. PU 


nervata Beal, 
1896. Grants 


1883), not Kunth, 1829. Florida, 
Chapman. 

(82) Aristida purpurascens Poir. in Lam., 
Encycl. Sup. 1: 452. 1810. South 
Carolina, Bosc. 

Chaetaria purpurascens Beauv., Ess. 


Agrost. 30, 152, 158. 1812. Based on 
Aristida purpurascens Poir. 

Aristida elliottiana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 138. 1854. Based on A. stricta as 
described by Elliott, not Michx., 1808. 

Aristida geyertana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 1383. 1854. Illinois, Geyer. 

Aristida stricta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 1383. 1854. Not A. stricta Michx., 
1803. As synonym of A. geyeriana 
Steud. Illinois. 

Aristida purpurascens var. minor Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1:46. 1892. 
[Horn Island, Miss., Tracy 1564.] 

Aristida purpurascens var. glaucissima 
Kearney ex Scribn. and Ball, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bull. 24: 45. 
1901. Biloxi, Miss., Kearney 321. 

(23) Aristida purpurea Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n. s.) 5: 145. 1837. Red 
River, Ark. [ Nuttall]. 

Aristida purpurea var. hookeri Trin. and 
Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. 
Sci. Nat. 51: 107. 1842. Texas, 
Drummond 293. 

Aristida purpurea var. berlandieri Trin. 
and Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. 
VI. Sci. Nat. 5!: 107. 1842. Bejar 
[Bexar], Tex., Berlandier 1777. 

Aristida aequiramea Scheele, Linnaea 22: 
343. 1849. New Braunfels, Tex., Lind- 
heimer [562]. 

Aristida filipendula Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci., Phila. Proc. 1862: 93. 1862. 
Western Texas [Buckley, the locality 
being northern Texas]. 


LICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Aristida purpurea var. californijcla Vasey, 


U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:47. 1892. — 
entry [(Capay Valley, Lemmon 
5A7A4]. 


Aristida fasciculata var. californica Vasey — 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 515. 1894. Presumably 
based on A. purpurea var. californica 
Vasey. 

Aristida fasciculata var. hookeri L. H. 
Dewey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
515. 1894. Presumably based on A. 
purpurea var. hookeri Trin. and Rupr. 

Aristida longiseta hookeri Merr., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 34: 5. 
1901. Based on A. purpurea var. hookeri 
Trin. and Rupr. 

Aristida purpurea cequiramea Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 34: 7. 
1901. Based on A. aequiramea Scheele. 

Aristida purpurea capillarifolia Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 34: 
8. 1901. Texas, Nealley. 

Aristida berlandierit Hitche., U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 17: 280. 1913. Based 
on A. purpurea var. berlandieri Trin. 
and Rupr. 

ARISTIDA PURPUREA Var. LAXIFLORA Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 34: 8. 
1901. Texas, Reverchon 12. 

(12) Aristida ramosissima Engelm. ex A. 
Gray, Man. ed. 2. 550. 1856. Illinois, 
Engelmann [type] and Kentucky. 

Aristida ramosissima var. untaristata A. 
Gray, Man. ed. 5. 618. 1867. Odin, 
Ill., Vasey. 

Aristida ramosissima var. chaseana Henr., 
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden. 54B: 498. 
1928. Lake Charles, La., Chase 4411. 

(31) Aristida rhizomophera Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 19: 196. f. 1. 1929. 
North of Lake Okeechobee, Fla., 
Weatherwax 1081. 

(24) Aristida roemeriana Scheele, Linnaea 
22: 343. 1849. New Braunfels, Tex., 
Rémer. 

Aristida muhlenbergiotdes Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 79. 1886. Mexico, Virlet 1424, 
Karwinsky 1008. 

Aristida purpurea var. micrantha Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:47. 1892. 
Western Texas [ Nealley]. 

Aristida fasciculata var. micrantha Vasey 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 515. 1894. Presumably 
based on A. purpurea var. micrantha 
Vasey. 

Aristida micrantha Nash in Small, Fl. 
Southeast. U. §. 117. 1903. Based on 
A. purpurea var. micrantha Vasey. 

(36) Aristida simplicifiora Chapm., Bot. 
Gaz. 3: 18. 1878. West Florida 
[Chapman]. 

(21) Aristida spiciformis Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 141. 1816. Presumably South 
Carolina. 

Aristida stricta Muhl., Deser. Gram. 174. 


1817. Not A. stricta Michx., 1803. 

Georgia. 

Aristida squarrosa Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 

| Entd. 2: 62. 1821. North America. 

| Chaetaria squarrosa Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1):577. 1827. Based on Aristida 
squarrosa Trin. 

(30) Aristida stricta Michx., FJ]. Bor. Amer. 
1:41. 1803. South Carolina, Michauz. 

Chaetaria stricta Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 30, 
152, 158. 1812. Based on Aristida 
stricta, Michx. 

Aristida beyrichiana Trin. and Rupr. 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51: 104. 1842. Georgia and Arkansas, 
Beyrich. 

(38) Aristida tenuispica Hitche., U.S. Nail. 
Herb. Contrib. 22: 581. 1924. Hills- 
boro, Fila., Combs 1384. 

(5) Aristida ternipes Cav., Icon. Pl. 5: 46. 
1799. Panama, Née. 

Streptachne scabra H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 124. pl. 40. 1815. Near Toluca, 
Mex., Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Streptachne tenuis H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1:124. 1815. Venezuela, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Aristida scabra Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 62. 
1829. Based on Streptachne  scabra 
H. B. K. 

Aristida tenuis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 62. 
1829. Based on Streptachne tenuis 
H. B. K. 

Stipa tenuis Willd. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 648. 1841, as synonym of 
Aristida tenuis. 

Muhlenbergia scabra Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51: 183. 
Kunth. 

Streptachne cubensis A. Rich. in Sagra, 
HistiCubam IleAsit\-1850.° «Cuba; 
Sagra. 

Oriachne scabra Fourn., Soc. Bot. France 
Bul. 27: 295. 1880. Based on Strep- 
tachne scabra H. B. K. 

Ortachne tenuis Fourn., Soc. Bot. France 
Bul. 27: 295. 1880. Based on Strep- 
tachne tenuis H. B. K. 

ARISTIDA TERNIPES var. MINOR (Vasey) 
Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 
1933. Based on A. schiedeana var. minor 
Vasey. 

Aristida schiedeana var. minor Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 28. 1886. 
Arizona, Pringle [type]; Bowie, Jones. 

Aristida divergens Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 48. 1892. Based on 
A. schiedeana var. minor Vasey. 

Aristida ternipes divergens Hitche., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 525. 1924. 
Based on A. divergens Vasey. 

(2) Aristida tuberculosa Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
o7. 1818. Near Augusta, Ga. 

Chaetaria tuberculosa Schult., Mantissa 
2: 211. 1824. Based on Aristida tuber- 
culosa Nutt. 


1842. Based on Aristida scabra 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


823 


(35) Aristida virgata Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2: 60. 1821. North America 
[Philadelphia, Pa.]. 

Aristida stricta Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
1: 132. 1840. Not A. stricta Michx., 
1803. As synonym of A. virgata Trin. 

Aristida perennis Panz. in Trin. and 
Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. 


Nat. 5!: 104. 1842. South Carolina. 
(Fide Henrard, Med. Rijks Herb. 
Leiden 54A: 439. 1927. (Critical 


Revis. Aristida.) 

Aristida gracilis var. virgata Wood, Amer. 
Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 389. 1871. Pre- 
sumably based on A. virgata Trin. 

Aristida purpurascens var. depauperata 
Vasey ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 201. 
non [Ocean Springs], Miss., Tracy 

107]. 

Aristida chapmaniana Nash in Small, Fl. 
Southeast. U. 8S. 118, 1827. 1903. 
Apalachicola, Fla., Chapman. 

(25) Aristida wrightii Nash in Small, py. 
Southeast. U. 8. 116. 1903. Dajig. 
Tex., Reverchon 1061. a 


(63) ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. 


(1) Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Presl, FI. 
Cech. 17. 1819. Based on Avena 
elatior L. 

Avena elatior L., Sp. Pl. 79. 
Europe. 

Holcus avenaceus Seop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 
2:276. 1772. Based on Avena elatior L. 

Avena elata Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 23. 
1796. Not A. elata Forsk., 1775. Based 
on A. elatior L. 

Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 55, 152, 164. pl. 11. f. 5. 1812. 
Based on Holcus avenaceus Scop. 

Arrhenatherum americanum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 56, 152, 1812. Name only. 

Hordeum avenaceum Wigg. ex Beauv., 
Kss. Agrost. 165. 1812. Name only, 
referred to Arrhenatherum; Steud, Nom. 
Bot. 413. 1821, assynonym of Holcus 
avenaceus Scop. 

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS Var. BIARISTATUM 
(Peterm.) Peterm., Flora 27: 229. 
1844. Based on A. biaristatum Peterm. 

Arrhenatherum biaristatum Peterm., FI. 
Lips. 106. 1838. Germany. 

ARRHENATHERUM ELATIUS var. BULBOSUM 
(Willd.) Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 1: 118. 
1825. Based on Avena bulbosa Willd. 

Avena tuberosa Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 538. 
1792. France. 

Avena bulbosa Willd., Ges. Naturf. 
Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 2: 116. 
1799. Switzerland. 

Holcus bulbosus Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 248. 
1806. Based on Avena bulbesa Willd. 
Holcus avenaceus var. bulbosus Gaudin, 

Agrost. Helv. 1: 186. 1811. Based on 
H. bulbosus Schrad. 
Avena elattor var. bulbosa St. Amaans, FI. 


1753. 


824 
Agen. 47. 1821. Based on A. bulbosa 
Willd. 
Arrhenatherum avenaceum var. nodosum 
Reichenb., Fl. Germ. 1: 53. 1830. 


Germany. 

Arrhenatherum tuberosum Schultz, Pol- 
lichia 20-21: 272. 1863. Based on 
Avena tuberosa Gilib. 

Avena elatior var. tuberosa Aschers., FI. 
Brand. 1: 826. 1864. Based on A. 
tuberosa Gilib. 

Arrhenatherum elatius var. tuberosum 
Thiel., Soc. Bot. Belg. Bul. 12: 184. 
1873. Based on Avena tuberosa Gilib. 

Arrhenatherum  bulbosum —vartegatum 
Hitche. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 


397. 1014. Calt, 
Arrhenatherum  elatius var. nodosum 
Hubb., Rhodora 18: 234. 1916. Not A. 


elatius var. nodosum Parl., 1848. Based 
on A. avenaceum var. nodosum 
Reichenb. 

Arrhenatherum elatius var. nodosum forma 
striatum Hubb., Rhodora 18: 235. 
1916. Based on A. bulboswm variegatum 
Hitche. 

Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum forma 
striatum L. B. Smith, Rhodora 49: 267. 
1947. Based on A. elatius var. nodosum 
forma striatum Hubb. 


(153) ARTHRAXON Beauv. 


(1) Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino, 
Bot. Mag. [Tokyo] 26: 214. 1912. 
Based on Phalaris hispida Thunb. 

Phalaris hispida Thunb., Fl. Japon. 44. 
1784. Japan. 

ARTHRAXON HISPIDUS var. CRYPTATHERUS 
(Hack.) Honda, Bot. Mag. [Tokyo] 39: 
277. 1925. Based on A. ciliaris subsp. 
langsdorffit var. cryptatherus Hack. 

Arthraxon ciliaris subsp. langsdorffit var. 
cryptatherus Hack., in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 355. 1889. Japan. 

Arthraxon cryptatherus Koidz., Bot. Mag. 
[Tokyo] 39: 301. 1925. Based on A. 
ciliaris subsp. langsdorffii var. crypta- 
therus Hack. 


(1) ARUNDINARIA Michx. 


(1) Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl., 
Cat. Pl. 14. 1813. Presumably based 
on Arundo gigantea Walt., the name 
published as “Arundinaria gigantea 
Walt.” Carolina, Mississippi. The com- 
bination also made by Chapman, FI. 
South. U. 8S. 561. 1860, Walter’s 
name not cited, but A. macrosperma 
Michx. cited as synonym. 

Arundo gigantea Walt., Fl. Carol. 81. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Arundinaria macrosperma Michx., FI. 
Bor. Amer. 1: 74. 1803. Banks of Mis- 
sissippi, Carolina, Florida, Michauz. 

Miegia macrosperma Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 102. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1805. Based on 
sperma Michx. 
Ludolfia macrosperma Willd., Ges. Naturf, 
Freund. Berlin Mag. 2: 320. 1808. 
Based on Arundinaria macrosperma 

Michx. 

Miegia gigantea Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 39. 
1818. ‘Alluvions of the Mississippi.” 
Based (through Elliott) on Arundo 
gigantea Walt. 

Arundinaria gigantea Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
39. 1818, as synonym of Miegia 
gigantea Nutt. 

Miegia arundinaria Raf., West. Rev. 
Misc. Mag. 1: 93. 1819. Name only. 
Kentucky. 

Miegia arundinaria Raf., First Cat. Gard. 
Bot. Transylv. Univ. 14. 1824. Name 
only. Kentucky. 

Nastus macrospermus Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 442, 458. pl. 8. f.1. 1825. 
Based on Arundinaria macrosperma 
Michx. 

Miegia pumila Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soe. 
Trans. (n.s.) 5:149. 1837. Junction of 
Red and Kiamichi Rivers [Okla.]. A 
flowering basal shoot. 

Arundinaria tecta var. distachya Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
31: 112. pl. 2. f. 1. y. 1839. “Phila- 
delphia.” [Probably received from 
Philadelphia. ] 

Arundinaria tecta var. pumila Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
31:112. 1839. Based on Miegia pumila 
Nutt. 

Arundinaria macrosperma var. arborescens 
Munro, Linn. Soc. Trans. 26:15. 1868. 
Based on A. macrosperma Michx. 

Miegia arundinacea Torr. ex Munro, Linn. 
Soc. Trans. 26: 15. 1868, as synonym 
of Arundinaria macrosperma var. 
arborescens Munro. 

Bambusa hermanni E. G. Camus, Bamb. 
Monogr. 36. 1913, horticultural name 
as synonym of Arundinaria macro- 
sperma Michx. 

(2) Arundinaria teeta (Walt.) Muhl., Cat. 


Arundinaria macro- 


Pl. 14. 1813; Deser. Gram. 191. 1817. 
Based on Arundo tecta Walt. 
Arundo tecta Walt., Fl. Carol. 81. 1788. 


South Carolina. 

Ludolfia tecta A. Dietr., Sp. Pl. 2: 24. 
1833. Based on Arundo tecta Walt. 

Festuca grandiflora Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
191. 1791. “Carolina, Fraser.” 

Arundinaria tecta var. colorata Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
31; 112. pl. 2. £. L. 6: 1839. North 
America. 

Arundinaria macrosperma var. suffruticosa 
Munro, Linn. Soc. Trans. 26:15. 1868. 
Based on A. tecta Muhl. 

Arundinaria macrosperma var. tecta Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 404. 1871. 
Presumably based on Arundo_ tecta 
Walt. Published as new by Beal, 


es RR ee ee ee Te ee 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Grasses N. Amer. 2: 659. 
basis. 

Arundinaria gigantea tecta Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 20: 478. 1893. Based 
on Arundo tecta Walt. 


(26) ARUNDO L. 


(1) Arundo donax L., Sp. Pl. 81. 1753. 
Southern Europe. 

Arundo sativa Lam., Fl. Franc. 3: 616. 
1778. France. 

Arundo latifolia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 24. 
1796. Based on A. donax L 

Donax arundinaceus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
78, 152, 161. 1812. Based on Arundo 
donax L 

Scolochloa arundinacea Mert. and Koch 
ex Roehl., Deut. Fl. ed. 3. 1%: 530. 
1823. Based on Arundo donax L. 

Cynodon donax Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on Arundo 
donax L. 

Scolochloa donax Gaudin, FI]. Helv. 1: 202. 
1828. Based on Arundo donaz L. 

Donax donax Aschers. and Graebn., FI. 
Nordostd. Flachl. 101. 1898. Based on 
Arundo donax L. 

Arundo glauca Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 303. 
1901. Not A. glauca Bieb., 1808. Based 
on Arundo donax L. 

ARUNDO DONAX var. VERSICOLOR Stokes, 
Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 160. 1812. Presum- 
ably based on Arundo versicolor Mill. 

Arundo versicolor Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 
No. 3. 1768. Cultivated from India. 

Arundo donax var. variegata Vilm., FI. Pl. 
Terre 90. 1863. France. 


(61) AVENA L. 


(3) Avena barbata Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 108. 
1804. Europe. [Avena barbata Pott. ex 
Link, Jour. Bot. Schrad. 2: 315. 1799, 
inadequately described from garden 
plants and said to be wild about Lisbon, 
may be the same species. ] 

Avena brevis Roth, Bot. Abh. 42. 1787. 
Europe. 

Avena byzantina C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 392. 
1848. Constantinople. 


1896, same 


(1) Avena fatua L., Sp. Pl. 80. 1758. 
Kurope. 
Avena fatua var. glabrata Peterm., FI. 
Bienitz 13. 1841. Europe. 
Avena nuda L., Amoen. Rone 3:401. 1756. 
Europe. 
(2) Avena sativa L., Sp. Pl. 79. 1753. 
Europe. 
Avena sativa var. nigra Wood, Class-book 
ed. 2. 610. 1847. Not A. sativa var. 


nigra Schrank as to name but probably 
the same form. Cultivated. 

Avena sativa var. secunda Wood, Class- 
book ed. 2. 610. 1847. A. sativa var. 
secunda Provancher, Fl. Canad. 2: 689. 
1862, is probably the same form. Cul- 
tivated. 


825 
Avena fatua var. sativa Hausskn., Mitt. 
Geogr. Ges. Thiiringen 3: 238. 1885. 


Presumably based on Avena sativa L. 
Avena fatua subsp. sativa Thell., Viertel- 


jahrs. Nat. Ges. Zurich 56: 325. 1911. 
Based on A. sativa L. 
Avena sterilis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 118. 1762. 


Spain. 

Avena algeriensis Trab., Bul. Agr. Alger. 
Tunis. 16: 354. 1910. Cult. 

Avena sterilis algeriensis Trab., Jour. 
Hered. 5: 77. 1914. Presumably based 
on A. algeriensis Trab. 

Avena strigosa Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 52. 
1771. Europe. 


(134) AXONOPUS Beauv. 


(3) Axonopus affinis Chase, Wash. Acad. 
Sei Jour. (28: 180: fs 17 25 1938: 
Waynesboro, Miss., Kearney in 1896. 

(2) Axonopus compressus (Swartz) Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 12. 1812. Based on 
Milium compressum Swartz. 

Milium compressum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Occ. 24. 1788. Jamaica. 

Paspalum tristachyon Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 
1:176. 1791. South America, Richard. 

Paspalum platicaulon Poir. in Lam., 
Encyel. Sup. 5: 34. 1804. Puerto Rico, 
Ledru. 

Agrostis compressa Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 1: 259. 1810. Not A. compressa 
Poir., op. cit. 258, nor Willd., 1790. 
Based on Milium compressum Swartz. 

Paspalum compressum Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 301. 1825. Based on 
Axonopus compressus Beauv. 

Paspalum laticulmum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 245. 1825. West Indies. 

Digitaria platicaulis Desv., Opusc. 62. 
1831. Based on Paspalum platicaulon 
Poir. 

Digitaria domingensis Desv. ex Kunth, 
Enum. Pl. 1:49. 1833, as synonym of 
Paspalum platicaulon Poir. 

Paspalum platycaule Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 272. 1840, errone- 
ously cited as synonym of P. furcatum 
Fliigge. Ecuador, Humboldt. 

Paspalum guadaloupense Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 18. 1854. Guadeloupe, 
Duchaissing. 

Paspalum depressum Steud., Syn. PL 
Glum. 1: 20. 1854. Louisiana, Hart- 
mann 51. 

Paspalum filostachyum A. Rich. ex Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 20. 1854. West 
Indies, Sieber [365]. 

Anastrophus compressus Schlecht. ex 
Doell, in Mart., Fl. Bras. 27: 102. 
1877. Presumably based on Mualiwm 
compressum Swartz. 

Paspalum furcatum var. parviflorum Doell 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 104. 1877. 
{West Indies] Sieber 365; [Louisiana], 
Hartmann 51. 


826 


Anastrophus platycaulis Schlecht. ex 
Jackxs., Ind. Kew. i: 118. 18938, as 
syronym of Paspalum platicaulon. 

Panicum platycaulon Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 3*: 363. 1898. Based on Paspalum 
platicaulon Poir. 

Paspalum raunkiaerti Mez, Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 15: 60. 1917. St. Jan, 
West Indies, Raunkiaer 1313. 

(1) Axonepus furcatus (Fliigge) Hitchc., 
Rhodora 8: 205. 1906. Based on 
Paspalum furcatum Fligge. 

Paspalum furcatum Fligge, Monogr. 
Pasp. 114. 1810. Carolina, Bosc. 

Paspalum digiiaria C. Muell., Bot. Ztg. 
19: 324. 1861. Not P. digitaria Poir., 
1816. Texas, Drummond 276. 

Paspalum michauxianum var. villosum 
Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 163. 
1886. No locality cited. [Type, Orange 
County, Fla., Curtiss E.] 

Paspalum furcatum var. villosum Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:16. 1892. 
Presumably based on Paspalum mich- 
auxianum var. villosum Vasey. 

Paspalum paspaloides var.  villosum 
Scribn. and Ball, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 24: 42. 1901. Based on 
P. furcatum var. villosum Vasey. 

Anastrophus furcatus Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 
17: 162. 1912. Based on Paspalum 
furcaium Fligge. 

This species was called Paspalum paspa- 
loides by Scribner (Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 
5: 29. 1894) and Anastrophus paspaloides 
by Nash (in Britton, Man. 75. 1901), but 
Digitaria paspalodes Michx., upon which 
these names are based, is Paspalum disti- 
chum L. 


BAMBUSA Schreb. 


Bambusa bambes (L.) Voss in Vilmorin,”! 
Blumengartnerei 1: 1189. 1896. Based 
on Arundo bambos L. 

Arundo bambes L, Sp. Pl. 81. 1758. 
India. 
This is the thorny bamboo described by 
Gamble, Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 7: 
51. 1896, under ‘‘Bambusa arundi- 
nacea Willd.,” and figured (op. cit. pl. 
48) over the name ‘“‘Bambusa arundt- 

- nacea Retz.” 

Bambusa multiplex (Lour.) Raeusch., No- 
menclature ed. 3. 103. 1797. Name 
only; Raeusch. ex Schult., Syst. Veg. 
7: 1850. 1830. Based on Arundo 
multiplex Lour. 

Arundo multiplex Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 58. 
1790. Cochinchina. 

Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl., Coll. 
Pl. 2: 26. pl. 47. 1810; (more fully 
described and illustrated by Gamble, 
Ann. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 7: 43. pl. 40. 
1896). India. 


21 Contributed by F. A. McClure; see McCuure, 
F. A., Blumea Sup. 3 (Henrard Jubilee vol.): 95. 1946. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Bambusa thouarsit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
2: 323. pl. 73, 74. 1830. Madagascar 
and Bourbon. 

Bambusa surinamensis Rupr., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 1389. 
pl. 11, f. 49. 1839. Surinam, Weigelt. 


(106) BECKMANNIA Host 


(1) Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 30: 27. 1928. Based on 
Panicum syzigachne Steud. 

Panicum syzigachne Steud., Flora 29: 19. 
1846. Japan. 

Beckmannia erucaeformis var. uniflora 
Scribn. ex A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 628. 
1890. Iowa to Minnesota and westward. 

Beckmannia erucaformis var. baicalensts 
Kuznezow, Angew. Bot. Bul. 6: 584. 
1913. Siberia. 

Beckmannia baicalensis Hultén, Svensk. 
Vet. Akad. Handl. TIT. 5: 119. 1927. 
Based on B. erucaeformisvar. baicalensis 
Kuznezow. 

In most American botanical works, until 
recently, this is referred to B. erucaeformis 
(L.) Host, a European species. Nuttall 
(Gen. Pl. 1: 48. 1818) misspells the name 
Bruchmannia. 


(37) BLEPHARIDACHNE Hack. 


(2) Blepharidachne bigelovii (S. Wats.) 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 261. 
1889. Based on Eremochloé bigelovii 8. 
Wats. 

Eremochloé bigelovit S. Wats. in King, 
Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 382. pl. 40. f. 
1-9. 1871. [Frontera, near El Paso, 
Tex.], Wright 2028. 

Eremochioé thurbert S. Wats. in King, 
Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: pl. 40. f. 1-9. 
1871. Name inadvertently given on the 
plate illustrating H. bigelovit. 

(1) Blepharidachne kingii (S. Wats.) Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 261. 1889. 
Based on Hremochloé kingit S. Wats. 

Eremochloé kingii S. Wats. in King, Geol. 
Expl. 40th Par. 5: 382. pl. 40. f. 10-16. 
1871. Trinity Mountains, Nev., Watson. 


(84) BLEPHARONEURON Nash 


(1) Blepharoneuron tricholepis  (Torr.) 
Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 25: 88. 
1898. Based on Vilfa tricholepis Torr. 

Vilfa tricholepis Torr., U.S. Expl. Miss. 
Pacif. Rpt. 4: 155. 1857. Sandia 
Mountains, N. Mex. [Bigelow]. 

Sporobolus tricholepis Coulter, Man. 
Rocky Mount. 411. 1885. Based on 
Vilfa tricholepis Torr. 


(112) BOUTELOUA Lag. 


(1) Bouteloua aristidoides (H. B. K.) 
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 537. 1864. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Based on Dinebra artistidoides H. B. K. 

Dinebra aristidoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp.1:171. 1816. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Atheropogon aristidoides Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:415. 1817. Based 
on Dinebra aristidoides H. B. K. 

Eutriana aristidoides Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
242. 1824. Based on Aineropogon aris- 
idoides Roem. and Schult. 

Dineba hirsuta Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 292. 
1830. Peru, Haenke. 

Eutriana hirsuta Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 28. 1830. Based on Dineba hirsuta 
Presl. 

Aristida unilateralis Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 182. 1840, as 
synonym of Hutriana aristidoides Trin. 

Bouteloua gracilis ‘Hook?’ ex Vasey in 
Rothr., in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 287. 1878. Not 
B. gracilis Lag., 1840. Arizona, Roth- 
rock 701. 

Bouteloua ciliata Griseb., Abh. Ges. Wiss. 
Gottingen 24: 302. 1879. Juramento, 
Argentina, Lorenz and Hieronymus 352. 

Triathera aristidoides Nash in Small, Fi. 
Southeast. U. S. 187. 1903. Based on 
Dinebra aristidoides H. B. K. 

BourTELOUA ARISTIDOIDES var. ARIZONICA 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 18. 
1912. Tucson, Ariz., Thornber 177. 

(10) Bouteloua barbata Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 
141. 1805. Mexico. 

Actinochloa barbata Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 420. 1817. Based on 
Bouteloua barbata Lag. 

Eutriana barbata Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
96. 1829. Based on Bouteloua barbaia 
Lag. 

Chondrosium polystachyum Benth., Bot. 
Voy. Sulph. 56. 1844. Magdalena 
Bay, Baja California, Barclay. 

Chondrosium subscorpiodes C. Muell., Bot. 
Ztg. 14: 347.. 1856. Baja California, 
Barclay. 

Bouteloua polystachya Torr., U. 8S. Expl. 
-Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 5?: 366. pl. 10. 1857. 
Based on Chondrosium polystachyum 
Benth. 

Bouteloua pumila Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 98. 1862. Texas, 
Wright 754. 

Bouteloua polystachya var. major Vasey in 
Rothr., in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 287. 1878. 
Sonoyta Valley, Ariz., Rothrock 691. 

Chondrosium exile Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 137. 
1886. Mexico, Berlandier 842. 

Chondrosium microstachyum Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 138. 1886. Guadalupe, Mexico, 
Bourgeau 667. 

Bouteloua arenosa Vasey in S. Wats., 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 24: 81. 1889, 
name only; U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. 
Bul. 12!: pl. 34. 1890. Guaymas, 
Mexico, Palmer 189. 


827 


Beuteloua microstachya L. H. Dewey, U.S. 
Nail. Herb. Contrib. 2: 5381. 1894. 
Based on Chondrosium microstachyum 
Fourn. 

Bouteloua micrantha Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 8. 
1901. Fort Lowell, Ariz., Griffiths 1556. 

(16) Bouteioua breviseta Vasey, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1:58. 1890. (July 18.) 
Screw Bean, Presidio County, Tex., 
Nealley |669]. 

Boutelowa ramosa Seribn. ex Vasey, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 121: pl. 44. 
1890. (Oct. 13.) Mexico to Arizona and 
western Texas, [type, Nealley]. 

Bouteloua oligostachya var. ramosa Scribn. 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 418. 
1896. Based on B. ramosa Scribn. 

(6) Bouieloua chondrosicides (H. B. K.) 
Benth. ex S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. 18: 179. 1883. Based on Dinebra 
chondrosioides H. B. K. 

Dinebra chondrosioides H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen lel Spit: 173! pls S357 1816! 
Michodcan, Mexico, Humboldt and 
Bonpland. 

Bouteloua ovata Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. 5. 
1816. Mexico. 

Atheropogon chondrosioides Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:416. 1817. Based 
on Dinebra chondrosioides H. B. K. 

Actinochloa ovata Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 420. 1817. Based on 
Bouieloua ovata Lag. 

Kutriana cristata Trin., Gram. Unifl. 241. 
1824. Based on Atheropogon chondro- 
stoides Roem. and Schult. 

Chondrosium humboldiianum Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1:93. 1829. Based on Dinebra 
chondrosioides H. B. K. 

Bouteloua havardit Vasey ex 8S. Wats., 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 179. 1888. 
Limpio Mountains, Tex., Havard in 
1881. 

(3) Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. 
in Emory, Notes Mil. Reconn. 154. 
1848. Based on Chloris curtipendula 
Michx. 

Chloris curtipendula Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 59. 1803. Illinois, Michauz. 

Bouteloua racemosa Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 
141. 1805. Mexico. 

Bouteloua pendula Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 
141. 1805, assynonym of B. racemosa. 

Atheropogon apludoides Muhl. in Willd., 
Sp. Pl. 4: 937. 1806. North America. 

Bouteloua melicaeformis Brouss. ex Hor- 
nem., Enum. Pl. Hort. Hafn. 7. 1807. 
Name only; Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 2: 414. 1817, as synonym of 
Atheropogon apludoides Muhl. 

Bouteloua melicoides Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
40, 155. pi. 9. f. 6. 1812. Based on B. 
melicoides Hornem., doubtless error for 
melicaeformis Brouss. 

Dineba curtipendula Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
OS t58) 160) pli 16; dol W812) Pre- 


828 


sumably based on Chloris curtipendula 
Michx. 

Dineba melicoides Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
160. 1812, name only, probably same 
as Boutelowa melicoides Beauv. 

Cynosurus secundus Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 


2: 728. 1814: “Upper Louisiana’ 
(northern Middle Western States], 
Bradbury. 


Atheropogon racemosus Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 414. 1817. Based on 
Bouteloua racemosa Lag. 

Dineba secunda Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 2:711. 1817. Based on Cynosurus 
secundus Pursh. 

Aristida secunda Rud. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 711. 1817, as 
synonym of Dineba secunda Roem. and 
Schult. 

Eutriana curtipendula Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
161. 1820. Based on Chloris curtipen- 
dula Michx. 

Melica curtipendula Michx. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. 1: 91, 519. 1821, as syno- 
nym of Atheropogon apludoides Muhl. 

Cynodon curtipendula Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on 
Dineba curtipendula Beauv. 

Cynodon melicoides Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on 
Bouteloua melicoides Beauv. 

Chloris secundus Eaton, Man. ed. 5. 178. 
1829. Based on Cynosurus secundus 
Pursh. 

Andropogon curtipendulus Spreng. ex 
Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 90. ‘1840, 
as synonym of Eutriana curtipendula 
Trin. 

Eutriana affinis Hook. f., Linn. Soc. 
Trans. 20: 174. 1847. St. Louis, Mo.; 
Texas, Drummond. 

Heterostegon curtipendula Schwein. in 
Hook f.- Linn. oc: Lrans: +20: 175: 
1851, as synonym of Eutriana affinis. 

Bouteloua curtipendula var. aristosa A. 
Gray, Man. ed. 2. 553. 1856. Illinois, 
Geyer. 

Atheropogon curtipendulus Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 138. 1886. Based on Bouteloua 
curtipendula A. Gray [error for Torrey]. 

Atheropogon medius Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
139. 1886. Mexico, Liebmann 581. 

Atheropogon affinis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
141. 1886. Based on Hutriana affinis 
Hook. f. 

Bouteloua racemosa var. aristosa Wats. and 
Coult. ex Gray, Man. ed. 6. 656. 1890. 
Illinois, Geyer. 

(5) Bouteloua eludens Griffiths, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 14: 401. 1912. Santa 
Rita Mountains, Ariz., Griffiths 7269. 

(17) Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr., U.S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 155. 1856. 
Based on Chondrosium ertopodum Torr. 

Chondrosium eriopodum Torr. in Emory, 
Notes Mil. Reconn. 154. 1848. Del 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Norte [Rio Grande] River, N. Mex. 


[Bigelow]. 

Bouteloua brevifolia Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
sci. Phila. “Proce, 18625) 93550862: 
Northwestern Texas [Wright 748, 


Fendler 950}. 

(8) Bouteloua filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths, 
U. S. Natl.: Herb. Contrib. 14: 413: 
1912. Based on Atheropogon filiformis 
Fourn. 

Bouteloua juncifolia Vasey, Descr. Cat. 
Grasses U. S. 62. 1885. Name only, 
Texas [ Havard 89] to Arizona. (B. hum- 
boldtiana Griseb., doubtfully cited, is B. 
heterostega (Trin.) Griffiths of the West 
Indies.) 

Atheropogon filiformis Fourn., Mex. Pl]. 2: 
140. 1886. Mexico, Karwinsky 991b. 

(13) Bouteloua glandulosa (Cervant.) Swal- 
len, N. Amer. Fl. 17:621. 1939. Based 
on Erucaria glandulosa Cervant. 

Erucaria glandulosa Cervant., Naturaleza 
1: 347. 1870. “Guadalupe et Mocte- 
zuma,” Mexico. 

Bouteloua hirticulmis Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 4. 1901. 
Sierra de San Francisquito Mountains, 
Baja California, Mexico, Brandegee 11. 

(15) Bouteloua gracilis (H. B. K.) Lag. ex 
Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 219. 1840. 
Based on Chondrosiwm gracile H. B. Ks. 

Chondrosium gracile H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 176. pl. 58. 1816. Mexico, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Actinochloa gracilis Willd. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:418. 1817. Based 
on Chrondrosium gracile H. B. K. 

Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 
1: 78. 1818. Plains of the upper Mis- 
souri [ Nwttall]. 

Eutriana gracilis Trin., Gram. Unifl. 240. 
1824. Based on Actinochloa gracilis 
Willd. 

Atheropogon gracilis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
293. 1825. Based on Chondrosium 
gracile H. B. K. 

Eutriana oligostachya Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 96. 1829. Based on Atheropogon 
oligostachyus Nutt. 

Chondrosium gracile var. polystachyum 
Nees, Linnaea 19: 692. 1847. Mexico, 
Aschenborn 153. [Spikes 2 or 3.] 

Chondrosium  oligostachyum Torr. in 
Marcy, Expl. Red Riv. 300. 1852. 
Based on Atheropogon oligostachyum 
Nutt. 

Bouteloua oligostachya Torr. ex A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 2. 5538. 1856. Based on 
Atheropogon oligostachyus Nutt. 

Bouteloua oligostachya var. intermedia 
Vasey, Grasses U. 8S. 33. 1883. Name 
only. Texas to Arizona. 

Boutelowa major Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 14: 9. 1887. Name only, for a 
plant grown from seed collected in 
Mexico by Palmer. 

Bouteloua oligostachya var. major Vasey ex 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 5381. 1894. Texas to 
Arizona [type, Lemmon 427]. 

Bouteloua oligostachya var. pallida Scribn. 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2:418. 1896. 
Mexico, Pringle 407. 

BouTELOUA GRACILIS var. STRICTA (Vasey) 
Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 454. 
1933. Based on B. stricta Vasey. 

Bouteloua stricta Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 49. 1888. Western Texas, 
Nealley, scarcely described; U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 121: pl. 45. 1890. 

(14) Bouteloua hirsuta Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 
141. 1805. Mexico. 

Bouteloua hirta Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 141. 
1805, as synonym of B. hirsuta Lag. 
Chondrosium hirtum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 176. pl. 59. 1816. Mexico, 

Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Actinochloa hirsuta Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 419. 1817. Based on 
Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. 

EKutriana hirta Trin., Gram. Unifl. 240. 
1824. Based on Actinochloa hirsuta 
Roem. and Schult. 

Atheropogon hirtus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
293. 1825. Based on Chondrosium 
hirtum H. B. K. 

Chondrosium hirsutum Sweet, Hort. Brit. 
1: 455. 1826. Presumably based on 
Actinochloa hirsuta Roem. and Schult. 

Atheropogon papillosus Engelm., Amer. 
Jour. Sci. 46: 104. 1843. Beardstown, 
Ill., Geyer. 

Chondrostum aschenbornianum Nees, Lin- 
naea 19: 692. 1847. Mexico, Aschen- 
born 331. 


Chondrostum foeneum Torr. in Emory, 


Notes Mil. Reconn. 154. pl. 12. 1848. 
Valley of the Del Norte [N. Mex., 
Emory Exped.]. 

Chondrosium papillosum Torr. in Marcy, 
Expl. Red Riv. 300. 1852. Based on 
Atheropogon papillosus Engelm. 

Bouteloua foenea Torr. in 8. Wats. and 
Rothr., Cat. Pl. Survey W. 100th 
Merid. 18. 1874. Based on Chondro- 
stum foeneum Torr. 

Bouteloua aschenborniana Griseb. ex 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 137. 1886, as 
synonym of Chondrosium aschenbor- 
nianum Nees. 

Chondrosium drummondii Fourn., Mex. 
Ba 2: 187. 1886. Texas, Drummond 

Bouteloua palmeri Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 14: 9. 1887. Name only, 
later described as B. hirsuta var. 
palmeri Vasey ex Beal. 

Bouteloua hirsuta var. minor Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 12!: pl. 39. f. 
2. 1890, nomen seminudum. [Texas, 
Reverchon 1153.] 

Bouteloua hirsuta var. major Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 12!: pl. 39. 


829 


f. 3. 1890. Without description. fAus- 
tin, Tex., Stiles in 1884.] 

Bouteloua hirta Scribn., U. 8. Nati. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 531. 1894. Based on Chon- 
drosium hirtum H. B. K. 

Bouteloua hirta var. major Vasey ex L. H. 
Dewey, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
531. 1894. Western Texas to Mexico. 

Bouteloua hirta var. minor Vasey ex L. H. 
Dewey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
531. 1894. Central Texas. 

Bouteloua hirsuta var. palmeri Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 417. 1896. 
Cultivated, seed collected by Palmer in 
Mexico. 

Bouteloua bolanderi Vasey ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 417. 1896, as 
synonym of B. hirsuta var. palmeri 
Vasey. 

Bouteloua pectinata Featherly, Bot. Gaz. 
91: 103. f. 1-4. 1931. Oklahoma, 
English 71. 

Bouteloua hirsuta var. pectinata Cory, 
Rhodora 38: 405. 19386. Based on B. 
pectinata Featherly. 

(11) Bouteloua parryi (Fourn.) Griffiths, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 14: 381. 
1912. Based on Chendrostum parryi 
Fourn. 

Bouteloua polystachya var. vestita S. Wats., 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 177. 1888. 
Sierra Madre south of Saltillo, Mexico, 
Palmer 1357 in 1880. 

Chondrosium parryi Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
150. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Parry and 
Palmer 923% [error for 94314]. 

Bouteloua vestita Scribn. ex L. H. Dewey, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 531. 
1894. Based on B. polystachya var. 
vestita S. Wats. 

(7) Bouteloua radicosa (Fourn.) Griffiths, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 14: 411. 
1912. Based on Atheropogon radicosus 
Fourn. 

Dinebra bromoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1:172. pl. 51. 1816. Not Bouteloua 
bromoides Lag., 1816. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Atheropogon bromoides Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 415. 1817. Based on 
Dinebra bromoides H. B. K. 

Eutriana bromoides Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
161. 1820. Based on Dzinebra_ bro- 
moides H. B. K. 

Nestlera festucaeformis Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 192. 1841, as 
synonym of Hutriana bromoides Trin. 

Atheropogon radicosus Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
140. 1886. Mexico City, Bourgeau 450. 

Bouteloua bromoides var. radicosa Vasey ex 
L. H. Dewey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
2: 533. 1894. Based on Atheropogon 
radicosus Fourn. 

(4) Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) Hitchc., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 19383. 
Based on Aegopogon rigidisetus Steud. 

Aegopogon rigidisetus Steud., Syn. PI. 


830 
Glums 12-146: 


mond. 

Bouteloua terana S. Wats., Amer. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 18: 196. 1883. Texas, Ber- 
landier 1535, Drummond 340, 374. 

Polyodon texanus Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U.S. 138, 1827. 1903. Based 
on Bouteloua texana S. Wats. 

(12) Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 268. 1893. 
Cottonwood, Ariz., Rothrock 347. 

(9) Bouteloua simplex Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 
141. 1805. Peru. 

Chloris procumbens Durand, Chlor. Sp. 
16. 1808. Grown at Madrid, seed said 
to come from the Philippine Islands 
(collected by Née) where the species is 
not known to occur. Probably from 
South America or Mexico, which regions 
Née visited. 

Chloris filiformis Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 2: 237. 1811. Grown at Paris, the 
source unknown. 

Chondrosium procumbens Desv. ex Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 41, 158. pl. 9. f. 7. 1812. 
Based on Chloris procumbens Durand. 

Chondrosium humile Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
41, 158. 1812. Name only. 

Chondrosium tenue Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
41, 158. 1812. Name only. 

Atheropogon procumbens Jacq., Eclog. 
Gram. 2: 16. pl. 12. 1813. Based on 
Chloris procumbens Durand. 

Bouteloua prostrata Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. 
5. 1816. Mexico. 

Chondrosium humile H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 175. pl. 56. 1816. Ecuador, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Chondrosium tenue Beauv. ex H. B. K., 
Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 176. pl. 57. 1816. 
Mexico, Humboidt and Bonpland. 

Chloris tenuis Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Sup. 
5: 614. 1817. Based on C. filiformis 
Poir., p. 237, not C. filiformis Poir., op. 


1854. Texas, Drum- 


cit. p. 238. 
Actinochloa procumbens Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:417. 1817. Based 


on Chloris procumbens Durand. 

Actinochloa humilis Willd. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:417. 1817. Based 
on Chondrosium humile H. B. K. 

Actinochloa simplex Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 418. 1817. Based on 
Bouteloua simplex Lag. 

Actinochloa tenuis Willd. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:418. 1817. Based 
on Chondrosium tenue H. B. K. 

Actinechloa prostrata Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 419. 1817. Based on 
Bouteloua prostrata Lag. 

Eutriana humilis Trin., Gram. Unifl. 239. 
1824. Based on Actinochloa humilis 
Willd. 

Eutriana tenuis Trin., Gram. Unifl. 240. 
1824. Based on Actinochloa tenuis Willd. 

Atheropogon humilis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
293. 1825. Based on Chondrosiwm 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


humile H. B. K. 

Cynodon procumbens Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 308. 1825. Based on 
Chondrosium procumbens Desy. 

Chondrosium prostratum Sweet, Hort. | 
Brit. 1:455. 1826. Based on Bouteloua © 
prostrata Lag. 

Chondrosium simplex Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 94. 1829. Based on Bouteloua 
simplex Lag. 

Bouteloua tenuis Griseb., Abh. Ges. Wiss. 
Géttingen 19: 259. 1874. Based on 
Chondrosium tenue Beauv. 

Bouteloua humilis Hieron., Bol. Acad. 
Cienc. Cérdoba 4: 495. 1882. Based 
on Chondrosium humile Beauv. 

Bouteloua pusilla Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 11: 6. 1884. Kingman, N. Mex., 
Vasey. 

Bouteloua brachyathera Phil., An. Mus. 
Nac. Chile Bot. 8:85. 1891. Tarapacdé, 
Chile. 

Bouteloua rahmeri Phil., An. Mus. Nac. 
Chile Bot. 8: 85. 1891. Tarapacd, 
Chile. 

Bouteloua procumbens Griffiths, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 14: 364. 1912. 
Based on Chloris procumbens Durand. 

Bouteloua simplex var. rahmeri Henr., 
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden No. 40: 66. 
1921. Based on B. rahmeri Phil. 


(18) Bouteloua trifida Thurb. in S. Wats., 


(1 


Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 177. 1883. 
Monclova, Coahuila, Palmer 1855 in 


1880. 

Bouteloua burkit Secribn. in S. Wats., | 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 179. 1883. 
Western Texas and New Mexico, 


Berlandier 167 and 1427. 
Chondrosium trinii Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 


136. 1886. Laredo, Tex., Berlandier 
1427. 

Chondrosium polystachyum Trin. ex 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 1386. 1886, as 


synonym of C. trinii Fourn. 

Chondrosium virletit Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
136. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 13873. 

Bouteloua trifida var. burkit Vasey ex. 
L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 532. 1894. Based on B. 
burkit Scribn. 

Bouteloua trinit Griffiths, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 14: 387. 1912. Based 
on Chondrosium trinii Fourn. Griffiths 
accepts 1881 as the date for Fournier’s 
work. 

) Bouteioua uniflora Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 16: 
26. 1891. Crockett County, Tex., 
Nealley [222]. 


(133) BRACHIARIA (Trin.) Griseb. 


Brachiaria ciliatissima (Buckl.) Chase in 

Hitche., U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bul. 772: 221. 
1920. Based on Panicum ciliatissimum 
Buckl. 


’ 


Panicum ciliatissimum Buckl., Tex. Geol. 
Agr. Survey Prel. Rpt. App. 4. 1866. 
Northern Texas [Buckley]. 

| Brachiaria erucaeformis (J. E. Smith) 

- Griseb. in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 469. 
1853. Based on Panicum erucaeforme 
J. E. Smith. 

Panicum erucaeforme J. E. Smith in 
Sibth., Fl. Graec. 1: 44. pl. 59. 1806. 
Greece. 

Panicum isachne Roth in Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 458. 1819. East 
Indies. 

Echinochloa eruciformis Koch, Linnaea 21: 
437. 1848. Based on Panicum erucae- 
forme J. KE. Smith. 

Panicum isachne var. mexicana Beal, 

: Grasses N. Amer. 2:114. 1896. Grown 
from seed said to come from Mexico. 

Brachiaria isachne Stapf in Prain, FI. 
Trop. Afr. 9: 552.- 1917. Based on 
Panicum isachne Roth. 

(3) Brachiaria plantaginea (Link) Hitchc., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 212. 
1909. Based on Panicum plantagineum 
Link. 

Panicum plantagineum Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 206. 1827. Grown in Berlin, origin 
unknown. 

Panicum leandri Trin., Gram. Icon. 3: pl. 
335. 1836. Brazil. 

Panicum distans Salzm. ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1:61. 1854. Not P. distans 
Trin., 1829. Bahia, Brazil [Salzmann]. 

Panicum disciferum Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
19. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 1292. 

(2) Brachiaria platyphylla (Griseb.) Nash in 


Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 81. 1327. 


1903. Based on Paspalum platyphyllum 
Griseb. 

Paspalum platyphyllum Griseb., Pl. Cub. 
Cat. 230. 1866. Not P. platyphyllum 
Be 1827. Zarabanda, Cuba, Wright 

I 

Panicum platyphyllum Munro ex Wright, 
An. Acad. Cienc. Habana 8: 206. 1871. 
Based on Paspalum platyphyllum 
Griseb. 

Brachiaria extensa Chase, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 28: 240. 1929. Based 
on Paspalum platyphyllum Griseb. Not 
P. platyphyllum Schult. 

Brachiaria subquadripara (Trin.) Hitchce., 
Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7:214. 1931. Based 
on Panicum subquadriparum Trin. 

Panicum subquadriparum Trin., Gram. 
Pan. 145. 1826. Marianas Islands. 


(87) BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. 


(1) Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) 
Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 155. 1812. Based 
on Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. 

Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. in Roth, Neue 
Beytrage Bot. 1: 97. 1802. “America 
boreali.”’ It is stated (p. 96) that a fuller 
description will be furnished by Schreber 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 83 | 


in a new part of his Beschreibung der 
Graser, which, however, did not appear 
until 1810. (Beschreib. Gras. 2: 139. pl. 
50. 1810.) Name only, Muhl., Amer. 
Phil. Soc. Trans. 3: 160. 1798. 

Dilepyrum aristosum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 40. 1803. Georgia and Caro- 
lina, Michauz. 

Muhlenbergia aristata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
73. 1805. Based on Dilepyrum aris- 
tosum Michx. 

Brachyelytrum aristatum Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:413. 1817. Based 
on Dilepyrum aristosum Michx. 

Muhlenbergia brachyelytrum Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 188. 1824. Based on Brachyely- 
trum erectum Beauv. | 

Agrostis erecta Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 264. 
1825. Based on Muhlenbergia erecta 
Schreb. 

Brachyelytrum aristatum var. engelmannt 
A. Gray, Man. ed. 5. 614. 1867. “A 
western form.”’ 

Brachyelytrum aristosum Trel., Brann. and 
Coville, in Branner, Ark. Geol. Survey 
Rpt. 4:235. 1891. Based on Dilepyrum 
aristosum Michx. 

Brachyelytrum aristosum var. glabratum 
Vasey in Millsp., W. Va. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 24: 469. 1892. Fayette near 
Nuttallburg, W. Va., Nutiall. 

Dilepyrum erectum Farwell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 8: 33. 1922. Based on Muhlen- 
bergia erecta Schreb. 

Brachyelytrum erectum var. septentrionale 
Babel, Rhodora 45: 260. 1948. Dur- 
ham, N. H., Babel 46. 


(3) BRACHYPODIUM Beauv. 


Brachypodium caespitosum (Host) Roem, 
and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 737. 1817, 
Based on Bromus caespitosus Host. 

Bromus caespitosus Host, Icon. Gram. 
Austr. 4: 11. pl. 18. 1809. Tyrol. 
(Spelled ‘“‘cespitosus.’’) 

(1) Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv.., 
Ess. Agrost. 101, 155. 1812. Based on 
Bromus distachyos L. 

Bromus distachyos L., Cent. Pl. 2: 8. 
1756; Amoen. Acad. 4: 304. 1759. 
Europe and the Orient. 

Festuca distachyos Roth, Cat. Bot. Fasc. 
1: 11. 1797. Based on Bromus dis- 
tachyos L. 

Trachynia distachya Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
43. 1827. Based on Bromus distachyos 
L. 

Zerna distachyos Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 1249. 1895. Based on Festuca 
distachyos Roth. 

Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Aorosty LOI) 155..pl: 19it 32.1812: 
Based on Bromus pinnatus L. 

Bromus pinnatus L. Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. 
Europe. 

Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 101, 155. 1810. Based 


832 


1762. England. 
(13) BRIZA L. 


(1) Briza maxima L., Sp. Pl. 70. 1753. 
Europe. 

(3) Briza media L., Sp. Pl. 70. 1753. 
Europe. 

(2) Briza minor L., Sp. Pl. 70. 1753. 
Europe. 


(2) BROMUS L. 


(3) Bromus aleutensis Trin. ex Griseb., in 
Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 361. 1853. Una- 
laska, Eschscholz. 

Bromus alopecuros Poir., Voy. Barb. 2: 100. 
1789. Algeria, Poiret. 

Bromus contortus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 95. 
pl. 25. 1800. Algeria. 

Bromus alopecurus Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 95. 
1805. “B. contortus Desf.” and “‘Poiret, 
iter’ [Voyage Barbarie] both cited. 

(24) Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex Fourn., 
Acad. Sci. Brux. Bul. 92: 236. 1840. 
Name only; Mex. Pl. 2: 126. 1886. 
Mexico, Galeotti 5757, 5815. 

Bromus kalmii var. porteri Coult., Man. 
Rocky Mount. 425. 1885. Twin Lakes, 
Colo., Porter. 

Bromus ciliatus var. minor Munro ex L. 
H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
2: 548. 1894. West Texas [Chisos 
Mountains, Havard 20]. 

Bromus ciliatus porteri Rydb., U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 192. 1895. Based on 
B. kalmii var. porteri Coult. 

Bromus portert Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 512. 1895. Based on B. kalmii 
var. portert Coult. 

Bromus ciliatus var. montanus Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 619. 1896. 
Colorado, Patterson 264. 

Bromus kalmii var. occidentalis Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 624. 1896. 
Montana [type, Canby and Scribner 
384]. 

Bromus scabratus Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 13: 46. 1898. 
Not B. scabratus Link, 1843. Vermilion 
Creek, Wyo., A. Nelson 3800. 

Bromus kalmii var. major Vasey ex Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
35. 1900, as synonym of B. portert 
Nash. 

Bromus porteri havardii Shear, U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 37. 1900. 
Based on B. ciliatus var. minor Munro. 

Zerna anomala Henr., Blumea 4: 499. 
1941. Based on Bromus anomalus Rupr. 

BROMUS ANOMALUS var. LANATIPES (Shear) 
Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 449. 
1933. Based on B. porteri var. lanatipes 
Shear. 

Bromus porteri var. lanatipes Shear, U S.. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23:. 37 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ultimately on Festuca sylvatica Huds. 
Festuca sylvatica Huds., Fl. Angl. 1: 38. 


1900. Idaho Springs, Colo., Shear 739. 
Bromus lanatipes Rydb., Colo. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 100: 52. 1906. Based on B. 
portert var. lanatipes Shear. 
(36) Bromus arenarius Labill., Nov. Holl. 
Pl. 1: 23. pl. 28. 1804. Australia. 
(6) Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins, 
Calif. Acad. Sci. IV. Proc. 25: 309. 
1944. Based on Bromus carinatus var. 
arizonicus Shear. 

Bromus carinatus var. arizonicus Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
62. 1900. Santa Cruz Valley, Tucson, 
Ariz., Pringle in 1884. 

(35) Bromus arvensis L., Sp. Pl. 77. 
Europe. 

Bromus erectus var. arvensis Huds., FI. 
Angl. ed. 2. 50. 1778. Based on B. 
arvensis L. 

Serrafalcus arvensis Godr., Fl. Lorr. 3: 
ee 1844. Based on Bromus arvensis 


1753. 


Forasaccus arvensis Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
385. 1901. Based on Bromus arvensis 


(4) Bromus breviaristatus Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 98. 1862. 
Rocky Mountains, Nuttall. 

Bromus parviflorus Nutt. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 336. 
1862, as synonym of B. breviaristatus 
Buckl. 

Bromus subvelutinus Shear, U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 52. 1900. 
Reno, Nev., Tracy 249. 

Bromus pauciflorus Nutt. ex Shear, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 53. 
1900. This name, on Nuttall’s ticket on 
the type of B. breviaristatus Buckl., was 
misread as ‘‘parviflorus’”’ by Gray. 

Bromus carinatus var. linearis Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 61. 
1900. California, Vasey in 1875. 

(27) Bromus brizaeformis Fisch. and Mey., 
Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 3: 30. 1837. 
Europe. 

(5) Bromus carinatus Hook. and Arn., Bot., 
Beechey Voy. 403. 1840. California. 
Ceratochloa grandiflora Hook., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 2: 253. 1840. Not Bromus 
grandiflorus Weigel, 1772. Plains of the 

Columbia [Oregon], Scouler, Douglas. 

Bromus oregonus Nutt. ex Hook. f., Jour. 
Bot. Kew Misc. 8: 18. 1856. Name 
only for Geyer 244, ‘‘Upper Missouri and 
Oregon territories.’”’ Nutt. ex Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
59. 1900, as synonym of B. carinatus. 

Bromus virens Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 98. 1862. Rocky 
Mountains and Columbia River, Nut- 
tall. The specimen in the herbarium of 
the Philadelphia Academy is the Pacific 
coast form with long awns, and probably 
came from the Columbia River. 

Bromus californicus Nutt. ex Buckl., 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 336. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


1862, as synonym of B. virens Buckl. 
[California, Nuttall.] 

Bromus nitens Nutt. ex A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 336. 1862, 
as synonym of B. virens Buckl. [Co- 
lumbia woods, Nuttall.] 

Bromus hookerianus Thurb. in Wilkes, 
U.S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 17: 493. 1874. 
Based on Ceratochloa grandiflora Hook. 

Bromus hookerianus var. minor Scribn. ex 
Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. 8. 92. 
1885, name only, Oregon; Macoun, Cat. 
Can. Pl. 24: 238. 1888, without descrip- 
tion, B. virens Buckl., cited as synonym. 

Bromus virens var. minor Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 614. 1896. Ari- 
zona and Oregon. 

Bromus carinatus californicus Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 60. 
1900. [California, Nuttall.] 

Bromus carinatus hookerianus Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 60. 
1900. Based on B. hookerianus Thurb. 

Bromus carinatus var. densus Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 61. 
1900. San Nicolas Island, Calif., Trask 
[12]. 

(1) Bromus catharticus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 
22. 1791. Lima, Peru. 

Festuca unioloides Willd., Hort. Berol. 3. 
pl. 3. 1803. Described from a plant 
grown at Berlin from seed from ‘‘Caro- 
lina,’ where it must have been cul- 
tivated. 

Ceratochloa unioloides Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
75. pl. 15. f. 7. 1812. Based on Festuca 
unioloides Willd. 


Bromus unioloides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et. 


Sp., Ll: 151. 1815. Quito, Ecuador, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Schedonorus unioloides Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 708. 1817. Based on 
Bromus unioloides H. B. K. 

Bromus unioloides Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 439. 1825. Based on Ceratochloa 
unioloides Beauv. 

Bromus willdenovit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
134. 1829. Based on Festuca unioloides 
Willd. 

Ceratochloa pendula Schrad., Linnaea 6: 
Litt. 72. 1831. Grown at Gottingen 
from seed from Carolina. 

Bromus schraderti Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 
416. 1833. Based on Ceratochloa pen- 
dula Schrad. 

Bromus mucronatus Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 228. 1840, as 
synonym of B. unioloides H. B. K. 

Ceratochloa breviaristata Hook., Fl. Bor. 
Amer, 2: 253. pl. 234. 1840. Lewis and 
Clark River and near the sources of the 
Columbia. Douglas [in 1826]. 

Bromus breviaristatus Thurb. in Wilkes, 
U.S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 172: 493. 1874. 
Not 8B. breviaristatus Buckl., 1862. 
Based on Ceratochloa breviaristata Hook. 

Tragus unioloides Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. 


833 


Kew. 2: 1099. 1895, as synonym of 
Festuca untoloides Willd. 

Forasaccus brebiaristatus [error for brevi- 
aristatus] Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
225. 1915. Based on Ceratochloa bre- 
viaristata Hook. 

Zerna unioloides Lindm., Svensk Fanero- 
gamfl. 101. 1918. Based on Bromus 
untoloides H. B. K. 

Ceratochloa cathartica Herter, Rev. Suda- 
mer. Bot. 6: 144. 1940. Based on 
Bromus catharticus Vahl. 

The form described by Shear (U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 52. 1900) as 
Bromus unioloides haenkeanus (Presl) Shear 
is a form of rescue grass, but Ceratochloa 
haenkeana Presl, upon which the name is 
based, is a different species with purplish, 
awned spikelets, as shown by examination of 
the type, from Chile, at the herbarium of the 
German University at Prague. 

(19) Bromus ciliatus L., Sp. Pl. 1:76. 1753. 
Grown at Uppsala from seed collected 
by Kalm in Canada. 

Bromus canadensis Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 65. 1808. Canada, Lac St. Jean, 
Michauz. 

Bromus richardsoni Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 
281. 1833. Grown at Berlin from seed 
sent by Richardson from northwestern 
North America. 

Bromus purgans var. longispicatus Hook., 
Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 252. 1840. Rocky 
Mountains, Drummond. 

Bromus purgans var. pallidus Hook., FI. 
Bor. Amer. 2: 252. 1840. Saskatche- 
wan to Rocky Mountains, Drummond. 

Bromus inermis var. ciliatus Traut., Act. 
Hort. Petrop. 5: 185. 1877. Based on 
B. ciliatus L. 

Bromus hookeri var. canadensis Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 128. 1886. Based on B. 
canadensis Michx. 

Bromus hookeri var. ciliatus Fourn., Mex. 
Pl]. 2: 128. 1886. Based on B. ciliatus 
L. 

Bromus ciliatus scariosus Scribn., U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 138: 46. 
1898. Sheep Mountain, Wyo., A. Nelson 
3305. 

Bromus richardsoni var. pallidus Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
34. 1900. Based on B. purgans var. 
pallidus Hook. 

Forasaccus ciliatus Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 225. 1915. Based on Bromus 
ciliatus L. 

Bromus ciliatus forma denudatus Wiegand, 
Rhodora 24:91. 1922. Ashfield, Mass., 
Williams in 1909. 

Bromus ciliatus var. denudatus Fernald, 
Rhodora 28: 20. 1926. Based on B. 
ciliatus forma denudatus Wiegand. 

Bromus dudleyi Fernald, Rhodora 32: 63. 
pl. 196. f. 1-3. 1980. Deer Brook, 
Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, Fernald, 
Long, and Fogg 1223. 


834 


Bromus ciliatus var. tntonsus Fernald, 
Rhodora 32: 70. 1930. Ashfield, Mass., 
Williams, August 4, 1909. The form with 
more densely pilose sheaths. According to 
Fernald (Rhodora 32: 70. 19380) this, as 
shown by specimens so named in the Gray 
Herbarium, is the form described as B. 
asper Murray in Gray’s Manual, eds. 5 and 
6, and in Britton and Brown’s Illustrated 
Flora. Shear in his revision of Bromus 
(U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 30. 
1900) uses the earlier name B. ramosus 
Huds., but says he had seen no American 
specimens. 

Zerna richardsont Nevski, Act. Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17:17. 1934. 
Based on Bromus richardsoni Link. 

Zerna ciliata Henr., Blumea 4: 498. 1941. 
Based on Bromus ciliatus L. 

(29) Bromus commutatus Schrad., Fl. Germ. 
353. 1806. Germany. 

Bromus pratensis Ehrh., Beitrage 6: 84. 
1791. Name only; Hoffm. Deut. Fl. 
ed. 2. 2: 52. 1800. Not B. pratensis 
Lam., 1785. Europe. 

Brachypodium commutatum Beauv., Ess. 


Agrost. 101, 155. 1812. Based on 
Bromus commutatus Lam. (error for 
Schrad.). 


Serrafalcus commutatus Bab., Man. Brit. 
Bot. ed. 1. 374. 1848. Based on 
Bromus commutatus Schrad. 

Bromus mutabilis var. commutatus Schultz, 
Flora 32: 234. 1849. Based on B. 
commutatus Schrad. 

Bromus racemosus var. commutatus Coss. 
and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 165. 
1855. Based on B. commutatus Schrad. 

Bromus mollis var. commutatus Sanio, 
Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 23: Abh. 31. 
1882. Based on B. commutatus Schrad. 

Serrafalcus racemosus var. commutatus 
Husnot, Gram. Fr. Belg. 72. 1899. 
Based on Bromus commutatus Schrad. 

Forasaccus commutatus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
387. 1901. Based on Bromus com- 
mutatus Schrad. 

Bromus secalinus var. gladewitzii Farwell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 24. 1926. 
Michigan, Farwell and Gladewitz 7434. 

BROMUS COMMUTATUS var. APRICORUM Si- 
monkai, Enum., Fl. Transsilv. 588. 
1886. Europe. 

(12) Bromus erectus Huds., Fl. Angl. 39. 
1762. England. 

Festuca erecta Wallr., Sched. Crit. 35. 
1822. Based on Bromus erectus Smith 
(error for Huds.). 

Bromus macounit Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 15: 48. 1888. Vancouver 
Island, Macoun in 1887. 

Zerna erecta Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 2: 
1249. 1895. Based on Bromus erectus 
Huds. 

Forasaccus erectus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 384. 
1901. Based on Bromus erectus Huds. 

(26) Bromus frondosus (Shear) Woot. and 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Standl., N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 
144. 1912. Based on B. porteri var. 
frondosus Shear. 

Bromus porteri var. frondosus Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 37. 
1900. Mangas, N. Mex., J. G. Smith in 
1897. 

(15) Bromus grandis (Shear) Hitche. in 
Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 175. 1912. Based 
on B. orcuttianus var. grandis Shear. 

Bromus orcuttianus var. grandis Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
43. 1900. San Diego, Calif., Orcutt 472. 

Bromus porteri var. assimilis Davy, 
Calif. Univ. Pubs., Bot. 1: 55. 19023 

San Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2228. 


(10) Bromus inermis Leyss., Fl. Hal. 16. . 


1761. Europe. 

Festuca inermis DC. and Lam., Fl. France. 
3: 49. 
Leyss. 


Schedonorus inermis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. | 
1812.. Based on Festuca | 


O95 Lie 
inermis DC. 

Festuca inermis var. villosa Mert. and 
Koch, Deutschl. Fl. 1: 675. .1823: 
Germany. 

Bromus inermis var. 
Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 805. 
rope. 

Bromus inopinatus Brues, Trans. Wis. 
Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters 17: 73. 
1911. Milwaukee, Wis. [Brues 78]. 

Forasaccus inermis Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 225. 1915. Based on Bromus 
inermis Leyss. 

Zerna inermis Lindm., Svensk Fanero- 
gamfl. 101. 1918. Based on Bromus 
inermis Leyss. 

Bromus inermis forma villosus Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 316. 1933. Based on 
Festuca inermis var. villosa Mert. and 
Koch. 

Bromus inermis forma aristatus Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 316. 1933. Based on B. 
inermis var. aristatus Schur. 

Bromus inermis forma bulbiferus Moore, 
Rhodora 48: 76. 1941. Ramsey Coun- 
ty, Minn., Kaufman in 1938. 

(34) Bromus japonicus Thunb., Fl. Japon. 
52. 1784. Japan. 

Bromus patulus Mert. and Koch, Deut. 
Fl. 1: 685. 1823. Europe. 

Bromus arvensis var. patulus Mutel, FI. 
Franc. 4: 134. 1837. Based on B. 
patulus Mert. and Koch. 

Serrafalcus patulus Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 394. 
1848. Based on Bromus patulus Mert. 
and Koch. 

Bromus squarrosus var. patulus Regel, 
Act. Hort. Petrop. 7: 602. 1881. Based 
on B. patulus Mert. and Koch. 

Forasaccus patulus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
387. 1901. Based on Bromus patulus 
Mert. and Koch. 

Bromus japonicus var. porrectus Hack. 


aristatus Schur, 
1866. Eu- 


1805. Based on Bromus inermis © 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Magyar Bot. Lapok (Ungar. Bot. Bl.) 
2:58. 1908. Eurasia. 

Bromus japonicus var. subsquarrosus 
(Borb.) Savul. and Rays., (Rumania) 
Min. Agr. Bul. 4 (Sup. 2): 39. 1924, 
As synonym of B. japonicus var. por- 
rectus Hack. 

(25) Bromus kalmii A. Gray, Man. 600. 


1848. Canada or northeastern United . 


States, Aalm. 

Bromus laciniatus Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 615. 1896. Mexico. 

Bromus pendulinus Sessé ex Lag., Gen. 
and Sp. Nov. 4. 1816. Not B. pendu- 
linus Schrad. 1810. Mexico. 

(17) Bromus laevipes Shear, U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 45. 1900. 
West Klickitat County, Wash., Suks- 
dorf 178. 

(21) Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc., 
Rhodora 8: 211. 1906. Based on B. 
purgans var. latiglumis Shear. 

Bromus altissimus Pursh, FI. 
Sept. 2: 728. 1814. Not B. altissimus 
Gilib., 1790. On the banks of the 
Missouri [ Nuttall]. 

Bromus purgans var. latiglumis Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
eu 1900. Dakota City, lowa, Pammel 

Bromus ciliatus latiglumis Scribn. ex 
Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 23: 40. 1900, as synonym of B. 
purgans var. latiglumis Shear. 

Bromus purgans var. incanus Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
41. 1900. Canton, Il., Wolf 3. 


Amer. 


Bromus incanus Hitche., Rhodora 8: 212. 


1906. Based on B. purgans var. incanus 
Shear. 

Forasaccus latiglumis Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 225. 1915. Based on Bromus 
latiglumis Hitche. 

Bromus ciliatus var. incanus Farwell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 204. 1927. 
Based on B. purgans var. incanus Shear. 

Bromus ciliatus var. incanus subvar. lati- 
glumis Farwell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 
204. 1927. Based on B. purgans var. 
latiglumis Shear. 

Bromus latiglumis forma incanus Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 316. 1933. Based on B. 
purgans var. incanus Shear. 

Zerna latiglumis Henr., Blumea 4: 498. 
1941. Based on Bromus purgans var. 
latigiumis Shear. 

Bromus macrostachys Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 
96. pl. 19.f.2. 1798. Algeria. 

Serrafalcus macrostachys Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 
3097. 1848. Based on Bromus macro- 
stachys Desf. 

Zerna macrostachys Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 1249. 1895. Based on Bromus 
macrostachys Desf. 

(40) Bromus madritensis L., Cent. Pl. 1: 
1755; Amoen. Acad. 4: 265. 1759. 
Spain. (The name is spelled matritensis 


835 


in Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 
651. 1817.) 

Festuca madriiensis Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 
91. 1798. Based on Bromus 
tensis L. 

Zerna madriiensts Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 1249. 1895, as synonym of 
Bromus madriiensis L. 

Antsantha madritensis Nevski, Act. Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17: 21. 19384. 
Based on Bromus madritensis L. 

(7) Bromus marginatus Nees in Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 322. 1854. Columbia 
River, Douglas. 

Bromus hookeri var. marginatus Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 127. 1886. Based on B. 
marginatus Nees. [B. hookeri Fourn. 
(not B. hookerianus Thurb.) is based on 
Bx purgans Wook. f.) Botiof Capt: 
Beech. Voy. 119,” name only.] 

Ceratochloa marginata Nees ex Steud. ex 
Jacks., Ind. Kew. 1: 487. 1893, presum- 
ably referring to Bromus marginatus 
Nees. 

Bromus marginatus var. seminudus Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
55. 1900. Wallowa Lake, Oreg., Shear 
1811. 

Bromus marginatus var. latior Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 55. 
1900. Walla Walla, Wash., Shear 1615. 

Bromus flodmanit Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 36: 538. 1909. Sheep Creek, 
Mont., Flodman 187. 

Forasaccus marginatus. Lunell, 
Midl. Nat. 4: 225. 1915. 
Bromus marginatus Nees. 

Bromus lattor Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 
89. 1917. Based on B. marginatus var. 
latior Shear. 

(8) Bromus maritimus (Piper) Hitche. in 
Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 177. 1912. Based 
on B. marginatus maritimus Piper. 

Bromus marginatus maritimus Piper, Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 18: 148. 1905. Point 
Reyes, Calif., Davy 6798. 

(31) Bromus molliformis Lloyd, Fl. Loire- 
Inf. 315. 1844. France. 

(30) Bromus mollis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 112. 
1762. Europe. 

Serrafalcus mollis Parl., Pl. Rar. Sic. 2: 
11. 1840. Based on Bromus mollis L. 

Forasaccus mollis Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 386. 
1901. Based on Bromus mollis L. 

Bromus hordeaceus L. subsp. mollis Hy- 
lander, Uppsala Univ. Arskr: 7: 84. 
1945. Based on B. mollis L. 

This is the species referred to B. hordeaceus 
L. in recent American works. The specimen 
referred by Shear (U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 23:19. 1900) to B. hordeaceus 
var. intermedius (Guss.) Shear belongs to 
B. mollis. 

(22) Bromus nottowayanus Fernald, Rho- 
dora 43: 530. pl. 670. f. 1-7. 1941. 
Sussex County, Va., Fernald and Long 
12239. 


Amer. 
Based on 


madri- - 


$36 


{4) Bromus orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 
10: 223. 1885. San Diego, Calif., 
Orcull in 1884. 

Bromus brachyphyllus Merr., Rhodora 4: 
146. 1902. Crook County Oreg., 
Cusick 2677. 

BROMUS ORCUTTIANUS Var. HALLII Hitche. in 
Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 175. 1912. San 
Jacinto Mountains, Hall 2301. 

(16) Bromus pacificus Shear, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 38. 1900. 
Seaside, Oreg., Scribner and Shear 1703. 

Bromus magnificus Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 
53. 1903. Port Angeles, Wash., Hlmer 
1957. 

(9) Bromus polyanthus Scribn. in Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
56. 1900. Based on B. multzflorus 
Scribn. 

Bromus multiflorus Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 13: 46. 1898. 
Not B. mulliflorus Weigel, 1772. Battle 
Lake, Wyo., A. Nelson 4021. 

Bromus polyanthus var. paniculatus Shear, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 
57. 1900. West Mancos Canyon, Colo., 
Tracy, Earle, and Baker 333. 

Bromus paniculatus Rydb., Fl. Rocky 
Mount. 90. 1917. Based on B. poly- 
anthus var. paniculatus Shear. 

(11) Bromus pumpellianus Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 9. 1888. Belt 
Mountains, Mont., Scribner 418. 

Bromus purgans var. purpurascens Hook., 
Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 252. 1840. Bear Lake 
to Arctic seacoast, Richardson. 

Bromus ciliatus var. coloradensis Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 10. 1888, 
name only; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
619. 1896. (Colo. Expl. 100th Merid. 
Wolf 1158.] 

Bromus pumpellianus var. melicoides 
Shear, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
dul. 23:50. 1900. Beaver Creek Camp, 
Colo., Pammel in 1896. 

Forasaccus pumpellianus Lunell, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 4: 225. 1915. Based on 
Bromus pumpellianus Seribn. 

}ROMUS PUMPELLIANUS var. TWEEDYI 
Scribn. in Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 622. 
1896. Yellowstone Park, Tweedy 587. 

(20) Bromus purgans L., Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 
1753. Canada, Kalm. 

Bromus pubescens Muhl. in Willd., Enum. 
te 120. 1809. Pennsylvania, Muhlen- 
er]. 

Bromus imperialis Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2. 1: 229. 1840, as synonym of B. 
purgans L. 

Bromus steudelii Frank ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 229. 1840, as synonym 
of B. purgans L. ; . 

Bromus ciliatus var. purgans A. Gray, 
at 600. 1848. Based on B. purgans 


Bromus hookeri var. pubescens Fourn., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Mex. Pl. 2: 127. 
pubescens Muhl. 

Forasaccus purgans Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 225. 1915. Based on Bromus 
purgans L. 

Bromus purgans forma laevivaginatus Wie- 
gand, Rhedora 24: 92. 1922. Ithaca, 
N. Y., Metcalf 5821. 

Bromus ciliatus var. purgans subvar. 
laevivaginatus Farwell, Amer. Mid. 
Nat. 10: 204. 1927. Presumably based 
on 8B. purgans forma laevivaginatus 
Wiegand. 

Zerna purgans Henr., Blumea 4: 498. 
1941. Based on Bromus purgans L. 

BROMUS PURGANS Var. LAEVIGLUMISs (Scribn.) 
Swallen, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 54: 45. 
1941. Based on B. ciliatus var. laevi- 
glumis Seribn. 

Bromus ciliatus var. laeviglumis Scribn. in 
Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul 23) a2. 1900. Galt, Ontario, 
Herriot in 1898. 

Forasaccus ciliatus var. laeviglumis Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 225. 1915. Based 
on Bromus ciliatus var. laeviglumis 
Scribn. 

Bromus purgans forma glabriflorus Wie- 
gand, Rhodora 24: 92. 1922. Ithaca, 
N. Y., Metcalf 58138. 

Bromus laeviglumis Hitche., Biol. Soe. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 157. 1928. Based on 
B. ciliatus var. laeviglumis Seribn. 

(32) Bromus racemosus L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1: 
114. 1762. Europe. 

Bromus mollis var. leiostachys Hartm., 
Skand. Fl. Handb. ed. 2: 33. 1882. 
Sweden. 

Serrafalcus racemosus Parl., Rar. Pl. Sic. 2: 
Ee 1840. Based on Bromus racemosus 

Bromus arvensis var. racemosus Neilreich, 
Fl. Nieder-Oesterr. 81. 1859. Based on 
B. racemosus L. 

Bromus squarrosus var. racemosus Regel, 
Act. Hort. Petrop. 7: 602. 1881. Based 
on B. racemosus L. 

Forasaccus racemosus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
ats 1901. Based on Bromus racemosus 


1886. Based on BA. 


Bromus mollis forma leiostachys Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 316. 1933. Based on B. 
mollis var. letostachys Hartm. 

The specimens referred by Shear (U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 20. 1900) 
to B. hordeaceus var. glabrescens (Coss.) 
Shear belong to B. racemosus. 

Bromus ramosus Huds., Fl. Angl. 40. 1762. 
England. 

Zerna ramosa Lindm., Svensk. Fanero- 
gamfl. 101. 1918. Based on Bromus 
ramosus Huds. 

(37) Bromus rigidus Roth, Mag. Bot. 
Roem. and Ust. 10: 21. 1790. Europe. 

Bromus villosus Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 
23. 1775. Not B. villosus Scop., 1772. 
Egypt. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Bromus maximus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 95. 
pl. 26. 1798. Not B. maximus Gilib., 
1790. North Africa. 

Bromus madritensis var. 
Amans, Fl. Agen. 45. 
B. maximus Desf. 

Bromus rubens var. rigidus Mutel, FI. 
Franc. 4: 1383. 1837. Based on B. 
rigidus Roth. 

Bromus madritensis var. rigidus Bab. ex 
Syme in Sowerby, English Bot. ed. 3. 
11: 161. 1873. Based on B. rigidus 
Roth. 

Bromus villosus var. maximus Aschers. 
and Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 
595. 1901. Based on B. maximus Desf. 

Bromus villosus var. rigidus Aschers. and 
Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 596. 
1901. Based on B. rigidus Roth. 

Forasaccus maximus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
382. 1901. Based on Bromus maximus 
Desf. 

Anisantha rigida Hylander, Uppsala Univ. 
Arskr. 7: 32. 1945. Based on Bromus 
rigidus Roth. 

BROMUS RIGIDUS Var. GUSSONEI (Parl.) Coss. 
and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 159. 
1855. Based on B. gussonii Parl. 

Bromus gussonii Parl., Rar. Pl. Sic. 2: 8. 
1840. Europe. 

Bromus maximus var. gussonit Parl., FI. 
Ital. 1: 407. 1848. Based on B. gussonii 
Parl. 

Bromus villosus var. gussonii Aschers. and 
Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 595. 
1901. Based on B. gussonii Parl. 

Zerna gussonii Grossh., Akad. Nauk, 
8.8.8. R. Bot. Inst. Trudy Azerbaidzh. 
Fil. 8: 305. 1939. Based on Bromus 
gussoni Parl. 

(39) Bromus rubens L., Cent. Pl. 1: 5. 
1755; Amoen. Acad. 4: 265. 1759. 
Spain. 

Festuca rubens Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 94. 
1805. Based on Bromus rubens L. 

Bromus scoparius var. rubens St. Amans, 
ue Agen. 45. 1821. Based on B. rubens 


maximus St. 
1821. Based on 


Bromus madritensis subsp. rubens Husnot, 
Gram. Fr. Belg. 71. 1899. Based on 
B. rubens L. 

Anisaniha rubens Nevski, Act. Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17: 19. 1934. 
Based on Bromus rubens L. 

Zerna rubens Grossh., Akad. Nauk 8.58. 8. 
R. Bot. Inst. Trudy Azerbaidzh. Fil. 8: 
306. 1939. Based on Bromus rubens L. 

Bromus scoparius L., Cent. Pl. 1: 6. 1755; 
Amoen. Acad. 4: 266. 1759. Spain. 
Serrafalcus scoparius Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 


ee 1845. Based on Bromus scopartus 
(28) Bromus secalinus L., Sp. Pl. 76. 1753. 
Europe. 


Bromus mollis var. secalinus Huds., Fl. 
Angl. ed. 2. 49. 1778. Based on B. 
secalinus L. 


837 


Avena secalinus Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 22. 
1796. Based on Bromus secalinus L. 

Serrafalcus secalinus Bab., Man. Brit. 
Bot. ed. 1.374. 1843. Based on Bromus 
secalinus L. 

?Bromus submuticus Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 321. 1854. St. Louis, Mo. 
Forasaccus secalinus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 

soe 1901. Based on Bromus secalinus 


BROMUS SECALINUS Var. VELUTINUS Koch, 
Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 819. 1837. Based 
on B. velutinus Schrad. 

Bromus velutinus Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 
349, pl. 6. f. 3. 1806. Germany. 

(2) Bromus sitchensis Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 
173. 1882. Sitka, Alaska [Mertens]. 

(383) Bromus squarrosus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 76. 
1753. France, Switzerland, Siberia. 

(38) Bromus sterilis L., Sp. Pl. 77. 1753. 
Europe. 

Schedonorus sterilis Fries, Bot. Not. 131. 
1843. Based on Bromus sterilis L. 

Zerna sterilis Panz. ex. Jacks., Ind. Kew. 2: 
1249. 1895, as synonym of Bromus 
stertlis L. 

Anisantha sterilis Nevski, Act. Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17: 20. 1934. 
Based on Bromus sterilis L. 

(13) Bromus suksdorfii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 
23. 1885. Mount Adams, Wash., Suks- 
dorf [74 in 1883]. 

(41) Bromus tectorum L., Sp. Pl. 77. 1753. 
Europe. 

Schedonorus tectorum Fries, Bot. Not. 131. 
1843. Based on Bromus tectorum L. 

Bromus setaceus Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 98. 1862. Northern 
Texas, Buckley. 

Zerna tectorum Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
2: 1249. 1895, as synonym of Bromus 
tectorum L. 

BROMUS TECTORUM Var. GLABRATUS Spenner, 
Fl. Friburg. 1: 152. 1825. Germany. 

Bromus tectorum var. nudus Klett. and 
Richt., Fl. Leipzig 109. 18380. Ger- 
many. 

Anisantha tectorum Nevski, Act. Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17: 20, 22. 
1934. Based on Bromus tectorum L. 

Bromus tectoruwum forma nudus St. John, 
Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 36. 
1937. Based on B. tectorum var. nudus 
Klett. and Richt. 

(23) Bromus texensis (Shear) Hitchc., U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 17: 381. 1918. 
Based on B. purgans var. texensis Shear. 

Bromus purgans var. texensis Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 41. 
1900. Bexar County, Tex., Jermy 230. 

(42) Bromus trinii Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 
441. 1853. Based on Trisetum hirtum 
Ain’, 

Trisetum hirtum Trin., Linnaea 10: 300. 
1836. Not Bromus hirtus Lichtst., 1817. 
Chile. 


838 


Bromus trinii var. pallidiflorus Desv. in 
Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 441. 1853. Chile. 

Trisetum barbatum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 229. 1854. Not 7. barbatum Nees, 
1841. Chile, Bertero 806. 

Danthonia pseudo-spicata C. Muell., Bot. 
Ztg. 14: 348. 1856. Valparaiso, Chile, 
Cuming 466. 

Trisetum barbatum var. major Vasey, 
U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul 13?: 
60. 1898. Mexico, Palmer 667. 

Bromus barbatoides Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2:614. 1896. Based on Trisetum 
barbatum Steud. 

Bromus barbatoides var. sulcatus Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 615. 1896. Mex- 
ico, Palmer 667. 

Trisetum trinii Louis-Marie, Rhodora 30: 
243. 1928. Based on Bromus trinit 
Desv. 

Trisetum trinii var. pallidiflorus Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 248. 1928. Based 
on Bromus trinit var. pallidiflorus 
Desv. 

Trisetum trinit var. majus Louis-Marie, 
Rhodora 30: 2438. 1928. Based on 
T. barbatum var. major Vasey. 

Trisetobromus hirtus Nevski, Acta Univ. 
Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17:15. 1934. 
Based on Trisetum hirtum Trin. 

BROMUS TRINII var. EXCELSUS Shear, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 25. 
1900. Panamint Mountains, Calif., 
Coville and Funston 522. 

(18) Bromus vulgaris (Hook.) Shear, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 43. 
1900. Based on B. purgans var. vulgaris 
Hook. 

Bromus purgans var. vulgaris Hook., FI. 
Bor. Amer. 2: 252. 1840. Canada, 
Goldie, Richardson; Red River, Douglas; 
Columbia River, Scouler. 

Bromus ciliatus var. ligulatus Vasey ex 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 238. 1888. 
Name only, Vancouver Island, Macoun 
in 1887. 

Bromus ciliatus var. pauciflorus Vasey ex 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 238. 1888, 
name only; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
619. 1896. Oregon, Howell. 

Bromus debilis Nutt. ex Shear, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 43. 
1900, as synonym of B. vulgaris. 
[Columbia River, Scouler.] 

Bromus vulgaris var. eximius Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 44. 
1900. Near Wallowa Lake, Oreg., Shear 
L791. 

Bromus vulgaris var. robustus Shear, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 23: 44. 
1900. Seaside, Oreg., Shear 1710. 

Bromus ciliatus var. glaberrimus Suksdorf, 
Deut. Bot. Monatsschr. 19: 938. 1901. 
Skamania County, Wash., Suksdorf in 
1894 [2335]. 

Bromus eximius Piper, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 11: 143. 1906. Based on B. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


vulgaris var. eximius Shear. 

Bromus eximius robustus Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 143. 1906. 
Based on B. vulgaris var. robustus 
Shear. 

Bromus eximius umbraticus Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 144. 1906. 
Based on Bromus vulgaris Shear, not 
Bromus purgans var. vulgaris Hook., 
Piper considering the specimens re- 
ferred by Shear to this species to be 
distinct from the form described by 
Hooker. 

Zerna vulgaris Henr., Blumea 4: 498. 
1941. Based on Bromus purgans var. 
vulgaris Hook. 


(115) BUCHLOE Engelm. 


(i) Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm., 
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 1: 432. pl. 
12,14,f.1-17. 1859. Based on Sesleria 
dactyloides Nutt. 

Sesleria dactyloides Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
65. 1818. Grassy plains of the Mis- 
souri [ Nuttall, type a staminate plant]. 

Anthephora azilliflora Steud., Syn. PI. 


Glum. 1: 111. 1854. [Misspelled Ante- 
phora.| Texas, Drummond _[pistillate 
plant]. 


Calanthera dactyloides Kunth ex Hook., 
Jour. Bot. Kew Misc. 8: 18. 1856. 
Based on Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. 

Lasiostega humilis Rupr. ex Munro in 
Benth., Pl. Hartw. 347. 1857. Name 
only (error for Castostega). Aguas 
Calientes, Mexico, Hartweg 250. 

Casiostega dactyloides Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
Belg. Bul. 15: 470. 1876. Based on 
Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. 

Casiostega hookert Rupr. ex Fourn., Soc. 
Bot. Belg. Bul. 15: 471. 1876, as 
synonym of Buchioé dactyloides Engelm. 

Bouteloua mutica Griseb. ex Fourn., 
Soc. Bot. Belg. Bul. 15: 471. 1876, as 
synonym of Buchloé dactyloides Engelm. 
Mexico, Schaffner 134 [staminate plant]. 

Melica mexicana Link ex Fourn., Soc. 
Bot. Belg. Bul. 15: 471. 1876, as syno- 
nym of Buchloé dactyloides Engelm. 

Bulbilis dactyloides Raf. ex Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 763. 1891. Based on 
Sesleria dactyloides Nutt. 


(67) CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. 


(1) Calamagrostis bolanderi Thurb. in 5. 
Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 280. 1880. Men- 
docino County, Calif., Bolander 6471 
in part. 

Calamagrostis varia Boland. ex Thurb. in 
S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 280. 1880. 
Not C. varia Host, 1809. As synonym 
of C. bolandert Thurb. 

Deyeuxia bolanderi Vasey, Grasses U. 5. 
98. 1883. Based on Calamagrostis 
bolandert Thurb. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(3) Calamagrostis breweri Thurb. in §&. 
Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 280. 1880. Car- 
son Pass, Calif., Brewer 2128. 

Deyeuxia brewert Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 28. 
1883. Based on Calamagrostis breweri 
Thurb. 

Calamagrostis lemmont Kearney, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 16. 
1898. California, Lemmon in 1875. 

(8) Calamagrostis cainii Hitche., Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 24: 480. 1934. Mount 

LeConte, Tenn., Cain 48. 

(26) Calamagrostis californica Kearney, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 
37. 1898. Sierra Nevada, Calif., 
Lemmon 444 in 1875. 

(21) Calamagrestis canadensis (Michx.) 
Beauv., Hss. Agrost. 15, 152, 157. 
1812. Based on Arundo canadensis 


Michx. 

Arundo canadensis Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 73. 1803. Canada, Michauz. 

Arundo agrostoides Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 86. 1814. New Jersey and 
Pennsylvania. 

Calamagrostis mexicana Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
46. 1818. North America. ‘Agrostis 
mexicana? Persoon, Arundo agrostoides 
Pursh” are cited. Agrostis mexicana L., 
in Persoon’s work is a _ species of 
Muhlenbergia, but Nuttall’s description 
agrees with Pursh’s. 

Calamagrostis agrostoides Pursh ex 
Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 252. 1825. 
Presumably based on Arundo agrost- 
oides Pursh. 


Cinna purshii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 67. 


1829. Based on Arundo. agrostoides 
Pursh. 

Arundo fissa Willd. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 1: 144. 1840, as synonym of 
Calamagrostis michauxw Trin. 

Calamagrostis michauxii Trin. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 250. 1840. Based 
on Arundo canadensis Michx. 

Calamagrostis hirtigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 188. 1854. Labrador. 

Deyeuxia canadensis Munro ex Hook. f., 
Linn. Soc. Trans. 23: 345. 1861. Pre- 
sumably based on Arundo canadensis 
Michx., indirect citations given. See 
also, Vasey, Grasses U. S. 28. 1883; 
Agr. Grasses U. 8. 69. pl. 59. 1884; 
Cassidy, Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 12: 
48, with plate. 1890. 

Calamagrostis oregonensis Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 92. 1862. 
Columbia River, Nuttall. 

Calamagrostis columbiensis Nutt. ex A. 
Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 
334. 1862. Name only [Columbia 
River, Nuttall). 

Calamagrostis canadensis var. robusta 
Vasey in Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. 
Survey W. 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 285. 
1878. Twin Lakes, Colo., Expl. 100th 
Merid. [Wolf] 1093. 


839 


Calamagrostis pallida Vasey and Scribn. 
ex Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
79. 1892. Not C. pallida C. Muell., 
1861. Washington, Suksdorf in 1883. 

Calamagrostis blanda Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 349. 1896. Based on C. 
pallida Vasey and Scribn. 

Calamagrostis canadensis acuminata Vasey 
ex Shear and Rydb., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 26. 1897. George- 
town, Colo., Shear 615 [type]; Montana, 
Idaho. 

Calamagrostis canadensis var. campestris 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 31. 1898. Louis Plain, Assini- 
boia, Macoun 56. 

Calamagrostis alaskana Kearney, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 32. 
1898. Yukon River, Alaska, Funston 
157. é 

Calamagrostis atropurpurea Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Bul. 2: 153. 1901. Dawson, 
Yukon Territory, Rk. S. Williams in 


1899. 
Calamagrostis anomala Suksdorf, Alig. 
Bot. Zischr. 12: 438. 1906. Mount 


Paddo [Adams], Wash., Suksdorf 2824. 
Calamagrostis langsdorfi var. acuminata 
Litw., Trav. Mus. Bot. Acad. Sci. 
Petrograd 18: 52. 1920. Based on C. 
canadensis var. acuminata Vasey. 

Calamagrostis canadensis var. pallida 
Stebbins, Rhodora 82:45. 1930. Based 
on C. pailida Vasey and Scribn. 

Calamagrostis scribneri var. imberbis Steb- 
bins, Rhodora 32: 46. 1930. Based on 
C. anomala Suksdorf “not Steud., in 
Lechl., Berb. Am. Aust. 56. (1857),” a 
name only. 

CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS Var. MACOUNI- 
ANA (Vasey) Stebbins, Rhodora 32: 41. 
1930. Based on Deyeuxia macouniana 
Vasey. 

Deyeuxia macouniana Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 
10: 297. 1885. Northwest Territory, 
Macoun. 

Calamagrostis macouniana Vasey, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 81. 1892. 
Based on Deyeuxia macouniana Vasey. 

CALAMAGROSTIS CANADENSIS var. SCABRA 
(Presl) Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 
135. 1934. Based on C. scabra Presl. 

Calamagrostis scabra Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
234. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Deyeuxia preslit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 20. 1830. Based on Calamagrostis 
scabra Presl. 

This variety has been referred to Cala- 
magrostis langsdorfi (Link) Trin. by many 
American authors. A fragment of the type 
of Arundo langsdorfi Link, sent by Dr. 
Pilger from the Berlin Herbarium, shows 
that it is not an American species. The 
rachilla is very minute or wanting, the spike- 
lets are smaller than in C. scabra, the glumes 
are thinner, showing the nerves distinctly, 


840 


and the blades are narrower. The following 

names, typonyms of C. langsdorfi, found in 

American works, belong to the Old World 

species: 

Arundo langsdorfi Link, Enum, Pl. 1: 
74. 1821. Described from a garden 
specimen. 

Calamagrostis 
Unifl, 225. pl. 4. f. 10. 
Arundo langsdorfi Link. 

Deyeuxia langsdorfi Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 77. 1829. Based on Arundo langs- 
dorji Link. 

Calamagrostis canadensis var. langsdorfi 
Inman, Rhodora 24: 148. 1922. Based 
on Arundo langsdorfi Link. 

(23) Calamagrostis cinnoides (Muhl.) Bar- 
ton, Compend. Fl. Phila. 1: 45. 1818. 
Based on Arundo cinnoides Muhl. 

Agrostis glauca Muhi., Descr. Gram. 76. 
1817. Not Calamagrostis glauca Reich- 
enb., 1830. Pennsylvania, New Jersey, 
Carolina. Name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 
10. 1813. 

Arundo cinnoides Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
187. 1817. Pennsylvania, Massachu- 
setts. Name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 13. 
1813. “‘A. confinis Willd.” cited as 
synonym. 

Arundo conoides Eaton, Man. ed. 2. 174. 
1818. Error for A. cinnoides Mubhl. 

Arundo coarctata Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U.S. 1:94. 1823. New Jersey. 

Calamagrostis langsdorfi var. marylandica 
Trin., Gram. Unifl. 225. 1824. Based 
on Arundo cinnoides Muhl. 

Calamagrostis coarctata Torr. ex Eaton, 
Man. ed. 5. 144. 1829. Presumably 
based on Arundo coarctata Torr.; Cala- 
magrostis coarctata Torr. in A. Gray, 
N. Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 1:19. 1834. 
Based on Arundo coarctata Torr, Pub- 
lished as new in Torr., Fl. N. Y. 2: 
444, pl. 151. 1848. Based on A. 
coarctata Torr. 

Arundo canadensis Nutt. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2.1:144. 1840, assynonym of 
Calamagrostis nuttalliana Steud. [Phila- 
delphia, Nuttall.] 

Calamagrostis nuttalliana Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 251. 1840. Based on the 
species described by Nuttall [from spec- 
imen from Philadelphia] as C. cana- 
densis (Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 46. 1818). 

Deyeuxia nuttalliana Vasey, Grasses U.S. 
28. 1883. Based on Calamagrostis nut- 
talliana Steud. 

(28) Calamagrostis crassiglumis Thurb. in 
S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 281. 1880. 
Mendocino County, Calif., Bolander 
4766, 4787. 

Deyeuxia crassiglumis Vasey, Grasses 
U. 8S. 28. 1883. Based on Calama- 
grostis crassiglumis Thurb. 

Calamagrostis neglecta var. crassiglumis 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 353. 1896. 
Based on C. crassiglumis Thurb. 


langsdorfi Trin., Gram. 
1824. Based on 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(18) Calamagrostis densa Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 
16: 147. 1891. Julian, San Diego 
County, Calif., Orcutt. 

Calamagrostis koelerioides var. densa Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 345. 1896. Based 
on C’. densa Vasey. 

Calamagrostis vilfaeformis Kearney, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 20. 
1898. Based on C. densa Vasey. 


(29) Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth, 
Tent. Fl. Germ. 1:34. 1788. Based on 
Arundo epigeios L. — 

Arundo epigeios L., Sp. Pl. 81. 1753. 


Europe. 

Calamagrostis georgica C. Koch, Linnaea 
21: 387. 1848. Georgia (Russia) near 
Tiflis. 

Calamagrostis epigejos var. georgica Ledeb., 
Fl. Ross. 4: 488. 1853. Based on C. 
georgica ©. Koch. 

Calamagrostis arenicola Fernald, Rhodora 
30: 203. 1928. Barnstable County, 
Mass., Fernald 757. 

(14) Calamagrostis fernaldii Louis-Marie, 
Rhodora 46: 290. pl. 836, f. 4. 1944. 
Boarstone Mountain, Piscataquis 
County, Maine, Fernald 427. ; 

(5) Calamagrostis foliosa Kearney, U. 3. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 17. 
1898. Based on C. sylvatica var. longi- 
folia Vasey. 

Calamagrostis sylvatica var. longifolia 
Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 83. 
1892. Not C. longifolia Hook., 1840. 
[Humboldt County] Calif., Bolander 
6470. 

(2) Calamagrostis howellii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 
6: 271. 1881. Oregon, Howell. 

Deyeuxia howellii Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 
28. 1888. Based on Calamagrostis 
howellit Vasey. 

(25) Calamagrostis inexpansa A. Gray, N. 
Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 1. No. 20. 
1834. Penn Yan, N. Y. Sartwell. 

Calamagrostis stricta var. brevior Vasey in 
Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 285. 1878. 
Mosquito, Colo., [Wolf] 1098. 

Calamagrostis stricta var. robusta Vasey 
in Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 285. 1878. Twin 
Lakes, Colo., [Wolf] 1099. 

Deyeuxia neglecta var. americana Vasey in 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 206. 1888. 
Donald, Columbia Valley, Macoun in 
1885. 

Deyeuxia neglecta var. robusta Vasey in 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 206. 1888. 
Alberta, Macoun. 

Deyeuxia glomerata Vasey ex Macoun, 
Bot. Gaz. 16: 288. 1891. Name only. 
Rocky Mountains, British Columbia, 
J. and J. M. Macoun in 1890. 

Calamagrostis robusta Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 82. 1892. Not C. 
robusta Muell., 1861. Presumably based 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


on C. stricta var. robusta Vasey, the 
description being an amplification of 
that. 

Calamagrostis americana Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 27. 
1897. Based on Deyeuxia neglecta var. 
americana Vasey. 

Calamagrostis inexpansa var. cuprea 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 387. 1898. Falcon Valley, 
Wash., Suksdorf 910. 

Calamagrostis hyperborea var. stenodes 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 39. 1898. Marshall Pass, 
Colo., Clements 206. 

Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata WKear- 
ney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
11:40. 1898. Plummer County, Nebr., 
Rydberg 1494. 

Calamagrostis hyperborea americana Kear- 
ney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
11: 41. 1898. Based on Deyeuxia 
neglecta var. americana Vasey. 

Calamagrostis micrantha var. sierrae Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 9. 1912. 
Prattville and Susanville, Calif. [Jones.] 

Calamagrostis neglecta var. inexpansa 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14:9. 1912. 
Based on C. inexpansa A. Gray. 

Deyeuxia hyperborea elongata Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 218. 1915. Based 
on Calamagrostis hyperborea elongata 


Kearney. 

Deyeuxia hyperborea stenodes Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 218. 1915. Based 
on Calamagrostis hyperborea stenodes 
Kearney. 

Calamagrostis elongata Rydb., Fl. Rocky 
Mount. 58. 1917. Based on C. hyper- 
borea elongata Kearney. 

Calamagrostis wyomingensis Gandog., Soe. 
Bot. France Bul. 667: 299. 1920. 
Granger, Wyo., [A.] Nelson 3884. 


Calamagrostis scopulorum var.  bakeri 
Stebbins, Rhodora 32: 47. 19380. 
Pagosa Peak, Colo., Baker 162. 

Calamagrostis inexpansa var. robusta 


Stebbins, Rhodora 32:48. 19380. Based 
on C. stricta var. robusta Vasey. 
Calamagrostis inexpansa var. brevior Steb- 
bins, Rhodora 32: 50. 1930. Based on 
C. stricta var. brevior Vasey. 

Calamagrostis excpansa Rickett and Gilly, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 69: 464. 1942. 
Error for C. inexpansa A. Gray. 

This species has been referred by Ameri- 
can authors to C. hyperborea Lange (C. 
neglecta var. hyperborea Jones, Deyeuxia 
hyperborea Lunell); and to C. stricta Trin. 
CALAMAGROSTIS INEXPANSA Var. BARBULATA 

Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 37. 1898. Mason County, 
Wash., Piper 947. 

CALAMAGROSTIS INEXPANSA var. NOVAE- 
ANGLIAE Stebbins, Rhodora 32: 51. 
1930. Mount Desert, Maine, Williams 
and Rand in 1899. 


841 
(12) Calamagrostis insperata  Swallen, 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 25: 413. 1935. 


Jackson County, Ohio, Bartley and 
Pontius in 1934. 

(19) Calamagrostis koelerioides Vasey, Bot. 
Gaz. 16: 147. 1891. Julian, San Diego 
County, Calif., Orcutt. 

(22) Calamagrostis lactea Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 346. 1896. Washington, 
Suksdorf 1022. 

Deyeuxia lactea Beal, Grasses N. Amer, 2: 
346. 1896, as synonym of Calama- 
grostis lactea Beal; Suksdorf, Deut. Bot. 
Monatsschr. 19: 92. 1901. Based on 
C’. lactea Beal. 

Calamagrostis langsdorfi lactea Kearney, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 
28. 1898. Based on C. lactea Beal. 

(13) Calamagrostis lacustris (Kearney) 
Nash, in Britt. and Brown, Illus. FI. ed. 
2. 1: 208. 1918. Based on C. breviseta 
var. lacustris Kearney. 

Calamagrostia breviseta var. lacustris Kear- 
ney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
11: 25. 1898. Fond du Lac, Minn., 
Wood in 1889. 

Calamagrostis pickingert var. lacustris 
Hitche., Rhodora 8: 210. 1906. Based 
on C. breviseta var. lacustris Kearney. 

(7) Calamagrostis mentanensis Scribn. in 
Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 82. 
1892. Montana, Scribner. Type is type 
specimen of Deyeuxia montanensis 
Seribn. 

Deyeuxia montanensis Scribn., Soc. Prom. 
Agr. Sci. Proc. 2: 52. 1885. Helena, 
Mont., Scribner. 

Calamagrostis neglecta var. candidula 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 


Bul. 11: 35. 1898. Cypress Hills, 
Assiniboia, Macoun 7488. 
(27) Calamagrostis neglecta (Ehrh.) 


Gaertn., Mey., and Scherb., Fl. Wett. 
1:94. 1799. Based on Arundo neglecta 
Ehrh. 

Arundo neglecta Ehrh., Beitrige 6: 137. 
1791. Europe. 

Deyeuxia neglecta Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
76. 1829. Based on Arundo neglecta 
Ehrh. 

Deyeuxia neglecta var. gracilis Scribn., 
Bot. Gaz. 11: 175. 1886. Yellowstone 
Park, Tweedy 582. 

Deyeuxia vancowerensis Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 48. 1888. Locality 
erroneously given as ‘Vancouver Is- 
land,’ Macoun in 1887. Correction 
made in Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 24: 207. 
1888. Fort George, James Bay, Quebec. 

Deyeuxia neglecta var. brevifolia Vasey in 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 206. 1888. 
Pelly Banks, Northwest ‘Territory, 
Dawson. 

Deyeuxia borealis Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 
24: 207. 1888. Change of name for D. 
vancouverensis Vasey, erroneously as- 
eribed to Vancouver Island; collected at 


842 


Fort George, James Bay, Quebec, J. M. 
Macoun. 

Calamagrostis laxiflora Kearney, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 34. 
1898. Not C. laxiflora Phil., 1896. Based 
on “C. neglecta gracilis Scribn.,” error 
for Deyeuxia neglecta gracilis Scribn. 

Calamagrostis neglecta gracilis Scribn. ex 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 34. 1898, as synonym of C. 
laxiflora Kearney. 

Calamagrostis micrantha Kearney, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 36. 
1898. Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, 
Macoun 13111. 

Calamagrostis lucida Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 8. 1901. 
Not C. laziflora Phil. Based on C. 
laxiflora Kearney. 

Calamagrostis neglecta var. 
Stebbins, Rhodora 32: 55. 
on C. micrantha Kearney. 

(15) Calamagrostis nubila Louis-Marie, 
Rhodora 46: 296. pl. 836. f. 1-4. 1944. 
Lake of the Clouds, Mount Washington, 
N. H., Booit. 

(17) Calamagrosiis nutkaensis  (Presl) 
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 190. 1854. 
Based on Deyeuxia nutkaensis Presl. 

Deyeuxia nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
250. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. in Bong., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. 
Phys. Nat. 2: 171. 1832. Unalaska 
Island, Alaska. 

Deyeuxia aleutica Munro ex Hook. f., 
Linn. Soc. Trans. 23: 345. 1862. Based 
on Calamagrostis aleutica Trin. 

Calamagrostis albicans Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 92. 1862. 
Columbia Plains, Oreg., Nuttall. 

Calamagrostis pallida Nutt. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 334. 
1862, as synonym of C. albicans Buckl. 
(“Columbia alluvions,” Nuttall]. 

Calamagrostis albescens Buckl. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 334. 
1862, herbarium name, as synonym of 
C. albicans Buckl. 

Deyeuxia breviaristata Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 15: 48. 1888. Vancouver 
Island, Macoun in 1887. 7 

Calamagrostis aleutica var. patens Kear- 
ney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
11:20. 1898. Mendocino, Calif. [prob- 
ably collected by Bolander]. 

(11) Calamagrostis perplexa Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 7. 
1901. Based on C. nemoralis Kearney. 

Calamagrostis nemoralis Kearney, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 26. 
1898. Not C. nemoralis Phil., 1896. 
Ithaca, N. Y., Dudley in 1884. 

(16) Calamagrostis pickeringii A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 2. 547. 1856. White Moun- 
tains, N. H., Pickering. 


micrantha 
1930. Based 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Calamagrostis sylvatica var. breviseta A. 
Gray, Man. 582. 1848. White Moun- 
tains, N. H. 

Deyeuxia pickeringii Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 
28. 1883. Based on Calamagrostis pick- 
eringit A. Gray. 

Calamagrostis breviseta Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5:41. 1894. Based on 
C. sylvatica var. breviseta A. Gray. ~ 

Calamagrostis breviseta var. debilis Kear- 
ney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
11:25. 1898. Newfoundland, Robinson 
and Schrenk 205. 

Calamagrostis pickeringii var. debilis Fern. 
and Wieg., Rhodora 15: 135. 1913. 
Based on C. breviseta var. debilis 
Kearney. 

Calamagrostis pickeringiit forma vivipara 
Louis-Marie, Rhodora 46: 296. 1944. 
Digby County, Nova Scotia, Fernald 
and Long 19924. 

(10) Calamagrostis porteri A. Gray, Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 6: 79. 1862. Hunting- 
don County, Pa., Porter in 1862. 

Deyeuxia portert Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 28. 
1883. Based on Calamagrostis porteri A. 
Gray. 

(6) Calamagrostis purpurascens R. Br. in 
Richards., Bot. App. Franklin Jour. 
731. 1823. Northern British America. 

Arundo purpurascens Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1): 603. 1827. Based on Calama- 
grostis purpurascens R. Br. 

Deyeuxia purpurascens Kunth, Reév. 
Gram. 1:77. 1829. Based on Calama- 
grostis purpurascens R. Br. 

Trisetum sesquiflorum Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 14. 
1836. Unalaska. 

Calamagrostis sylvatica -var. purpurascens 
Thurb. ex Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3: 83. 1892. [Mount Dana,] 
Calif., Bolander 5071. 

Calamagrostis sylvatica var. americana 
Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 83. 
1892. British America to Colorado. 
[Type, Pen Gulch, Colo., Vasey in 
1884.] 

Calamagrostis arctica Vasey, U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 137: pl. 55. 1893. 
St. Paul Island, Bering Sea, J. M. 
Macoun. 

Calamagrostis vaseyt Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 344. 1896. Cascade Moun- 
tains, Wash., Vasey. 

Calamagrostis purpurascens arctica Kear- 
ney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
1i: 19. 1898. Based on C. arctica 
Vasey. 

Calamagrostis yukonensis Nash, N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Bul. 2: 154. 1901. Dawson, 
Yukon Territory, R. S. Williams. 

Calamagrostis purpurascens var. vaseyt 
Jones, West Bot. Contrib. 14:9. 1912. 
Based on C. vaseyi Beal. 

Calamagrostis purpurascens var. ophitidis 
J. T. Howell, West. Bot. Leaflets 4: 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


246. 1946. Mount Tamalpais, Calif., 
J. T. Howell 163384. 

This species has been referred to Deyeuxia 
sylvatica (DC.) Kunth by American authors. 
(9) Calamagrostis rubescens Buckl., Acad. 

Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 92. 1862. 
Oregon, Nuttall. 

Deyeuxia rubescens Vasey, Grasses U. S. 
28. 1883. Based on Calamagrostis 
rubescens Buckl. 

Deyeuxia cusickit Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 
224. 1885. Eagle Mountains, Oreg., 
Cusick 1159. 

Deyeuxia suksdorfit Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 15: 9. pl. 76. 1888. Wash- 
ington, Suksdorf 26. 

Calamagrostis aleutica var. angusta Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:80. 1892. 
Santa Cruz, Calif., Anderson. 

Calamagrostis cusickit Vasey, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 81. 1892. Based on 
Deyeuxia cusickit Vasey. 

Calamagrostis suksdorfii Scribn. in Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:82. 1892. 
Based on Deyeuxia suksdorfit Scribn. 

Calamagrostis angusta Kearney, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 21. 
1898. Based on C. aleutica var. angusta 
Vasey. 

Calamagrostis subflecuosa Kearney, U. 8S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 22. 
1898. Oakland, Calif., Bolander 2274. 

Calamagrostis fasciculata Kearney, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 23. 
1898. Mendocino County, Calif., Pringle 
in 1882. : 

Calamagrostis suksdorfii var. luxurians 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11:24. 1898. Lake Coeur d’ Alene, 
Ane Sandberg, Heller, and McDougal 

Calamagrostis luxurians Rydb., Fl. Rocky 
Mount. 57. 1917. Based on Calama- 
grostis suksdorfit var. luxurians Kearney. 

This species has been referred by some 
American authors to Calamagrostis sylvatica 
DC., and to Deyeuxia varia Kunth. 

(24) Calamagrostis scopulorum Jones, Calif. 
INCAC SCE LOCH AUL. 80 92 2/22... 1895. 
Springdale, Utah, Jones 6075. 

Calamagrostis scopulorum var. lucidula 
Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 33. 1898. Wasatch Moun- 
tains, Utah, Jones 1145. 


(20) Calamagrostis scribneri Beal, Grasses _ 


N. Amer. 2: 348. 1896. Based on 
Deyeuxia dubia Scribn. and Tweedy. 
Deyeuxia dubia Scribn. and Tweedy, Bot. 
Gaz. 11:174. 1886. Not Calamagrostis 
dubia Bunge, 1854. Yellowstone Park, 

Tweedy. 

Calamagrostis dubia Scribn. in Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:80. 1892. 
Based on Deyeuxia dubia Scribn. and 
Tweedy. 

Calamagrostis canadensis var. dubia Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:80. 1892. 


843 


Based on C. dubia Scribn. and Tweedy. 

Calamagrostis langsdorfit var. scribnerz 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14:9. 1912. 
Based on C. scribnert Beal. 

(4) Calamagrostis tweedyi (Scribn.) Scribn. 
in Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
83. 1892. Based on Deyeuxia tweedyr 
Scribn. 

Deyeuxia tweedyi Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 10: 64. 1888. Cascade 
Mountains, Wash., Tweedy. 


(69) CALAMOVILFA Hack. 


(2) Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Scribn. in 
Hack., True Grasses 118. 1890. Based 
on Arundo brevipilis Torr. 

Arundo brevipilis Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U.S8.1:95. 1823. Quaker Bridge, 
Ne Je 

Calamagrostis brevipilis L. C. Beck, Bot. 
North. and Mid. States 401. 1833. 
Based on Arundo brevipilis Torr. 

Ammophila brevipilis Benth. ex Vasey, 
Grasses U. 8S. 29. 1888. Based on 
Calamagrostis brevipilis Beck. 

Calamovilfa brevipilis var. typica Fernald, 
Rhodora 41: 502. 1939. Based on 
Arundo brevipilis Torr. 

CALAMOVILFA BREVIPILIS var. CALVIPES 
Fernald, Rhodora 41: 501. pl. 578. f. 1. 
2. 1939. Greensville County, Va., 
Fernald and Long 8548. 

CALAMOVILFA BREVIPILIS var. HETEROLEPIS 
Fernald, Rhodora 41: 502. pl. 573. f. 4. 
1939. Harnett County, N. C., Correll 
and Blomquist 2539. 

(1) Calamovilia curtissii (Vasey) Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 
199. f. 495. 1899. Based on Ammo- 
phila curtissit Vasey. 

Ammophila curtissii Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 11: 7. 1884. Indian River, 
Fla., Curtiss. 

Calamagrostis curtissii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 
15: 269. 1890. Based on Ammophila 
curtissii Vasey. 

(4) Calamovilfa gigantea (Nutt.) Scribn. 
and Merr., U.S. Dept.. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 35: 2. .1901.- Based on 
Calamagrostis gigantea Nutt. 

Calamagrostis gigantea Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5: 1438. 1837. Great 
Salt River of the Arkansas. 

Toxeumia gigantea Nutt. ex Seribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 


Cir. 35: 2. 1901, as synonym of Cala- 
movilfa gigantea. Salt River, Ark., 
Nuttall. 


(8) Calamovilfa longifolia (Hook.) Seribn. 
in Hack., True Grasses 113. 1890. 
Based on Calamagrostis longifolia Hook. 

Calamagrostis longifolia Hook., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 2: 241. 1840. Saskatchewan. 
Drummond. 

Vilfa rigida Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 


844 


Proc. 1862: 89. 1862. “Oregon?” the 
locality probably erroneous. 
Ammophila longifolia Benth. ex Vasey, 
Grasses U. 8S. 29. 1883. Based on 
Calamagrostis longifolia Gray [error for 
Hook]. 
Athernotus longifolius Lunell, Amer. Mid]. 


Nat. 4: 218. 1915. Based on Calama- 
grostis longifolia Hook. 
CALAMOVILFA LONGIFOLIA var. MAGNA 


Scribn. and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 35: 3. 1901. Mouth 
of Kalamazoo River, Mich., Taylor in 
1894. 

(15) CATABROSA Beauv. 


(1) Catabrosa aquatica (L.) Beauv., Ess. 


Agrost. 97, 149, 157. pl. 19. f. 8. 1812. 
Based on Aira aquatica L. 
Atra aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 64. 1753. 


Europe. 

Molinia aquatica Wib., Prim. Fl. Werthem. 
116. 1799. Based on Aira aquatica L. 

Poa airoides Koel., Descr. Gram. 194. 
1802. Based on Aira aquatica L. 

Glyceria aquatica Presl, Fl. Cech. 25. 
1819. Based on Aira aquatica L. 

Hydrochloa airoides Hartm., Gen. Gram. 

kand. 8. 1819. Based on Aira 
aquatica L, 

Catabrosa aquatica var. uniflora S. F. 
Gray, Nat. Arr: Brit. Pl. 2: 133. - 1821. 
Great Britain. 

Diarrhena aquatica Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 447. 1825. Based on 
Catabrosa aquatica Beauv. 

Melica aquatica Loisel., Fl. Gall. ed. 2. 1: 
59. 1828. Based on Aira aquatica L. 
Glyceria airoides Reichenb. in Moessl., 
Handb. Gewdachsk. ed. 2. 3: 1827- 

1829. Based on Poa airoides Koel. 

Colpodium aquaticum Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 
395. 1830. Based on Aira aquatica L. 

Glyceria catabrosa Klett and Richt., FI. 
Leipzig 96. 1830. Based on Catabrosa 
aquatica Beauv. 

Catapodium aquaticum Trin. ex Willk. and 
Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1:77. 1861, as 
synonym of Catabrosa aquatica Beauv. 


(113) CATHESTECUM Presl 


(1) Cathestecum erectum Vasey and Hack.., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 11: 37. pl. 45. 
1884. Presidio, Tex., Havard. 

This is the species described and figured 
by Scribner (U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 7: 242. f. 224. 1897) under the name 
Cathestecum prostratum Presl. 


(145) CENCHRUS L. 


Cenchrus biflorus Roxb., Hort. Beng. 81. 
1814. Name only; Fl. Ind. 1: 238. 
1820. Coromandel coast, India. 

Cenchrus barbatus Schum., Beskr. Guin. 
Pl. 63. 1827. Guinea, Africa. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Cenchrus catharticus Delile, Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 1838: 4. 1839. Grown from 
seed from Nubia, Africa. 

(2) Cenchrus brownii Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 258. 1817. Based on C. 
inflerus R. Br. 

Cenchrus inflecus R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. 
Holl. 1: 195. 1810. Not C. inflerus 
Poir., 1804. Australia. 

Cenchrus viridis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 301. 
1825. Guadeloupe, [Bertero]. 

Cenchrus echinatus var. viridis Spreng. ex 
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 556. 1864. 
Based on C, viridis Spreng. 

(3) Cenchrus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 1050. 
1753. Jamaica, Curacao. 

Cenchrus pungens H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp.1:115. 1815. Guayaquil, Ecuador, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Cenchrus brevisetus Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 50. 
1886. Orizaba, Mexico, Schaffner 198; 
Bourgeau 3140; Botteri 133. 

Cenchrus echinatus brevisetus Scribn. in 
Millsp., Field Mus. Bot. 2: 26. 1900. 
Based on Cenchrus brevisetus Fourn. 

(4) Cenchrus gracillimus Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 299. 1895. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 188 [type], 288. 

(5) Cenchrus incertus M. A. Curtis, Boston 
Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 1: 135. 1837. 
Smithville, N. C., Curtis. 

?Cenchrus carolinianus Walt., Fl. Carol 
79. 1788. South Carolina. 

Cenchrus strictus Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 3: 
20. 1878. West Florida, [Chapman]. 

? Nastus carolinianus Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 214. 1915. Based on Cenchrus 
carolinianus Walt. 

(1) Cenchrus myosuroides H. B. K., Nov. 


Gen. -et Sp, 1: Tl5, ple Sb eisi5: 
Flamingo Key, Cuba, Humboldt and 
Bonpland. 


Panicum cenchroides Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 111. 1816. Not P. cenchroides 
L. Rich., 1792. Jekyl Island, Ga., 
Baldwin. 

Pennisetum pungens Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
54. 1818. Based on Panicum cen- 
chroides Ell. 

Setaria elliottiana Schult., Mantissa 2: 
279. 1824. Based on Panicum cen- 
chroides Ell. 

Pennisetum myosuroides Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 303. 1825. Based on Cenchrus 
myosuroides H. B. K. 

Cenchrus elliottii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
51. 1829. Based on Panicum cen- 
chroides Ell. 

Cenchrus alopecuroides Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 317. 1830. Not C. alopecuroides 
Thunb., 1794. Original locality un- 
known, probably Peru. 

Cenchrus setoides Buckl., Tex. Geol. Agr. 
Survey Prel. Rpt. App. 2. 1866. 
Northern Texas [Linscum and Buck- 
ley]. 

Cenchropsis myosuroides Nash in Small, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES 


Fl. Southeast. U. S. 109, 1827. 1903. 
Based on Cenchrus myosuroides H. B. Kk. 

(6) Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth., Bot. Voy. 
Sulph. 56. 1840. Magdalena Bay, 
Baja California, [Barclay]. 

Cenchrus roseus Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 50. 
1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Gouin 42 in 
part, 43. 

Cenchrus echinatus forma longispina Hack. 
in Kneucker, Alig. Bot. Ztschr. 9: 
169. 1903. Oxford, Conn., Harger, 
Gram. Exs. Kneucker 426. 

Cenchrus albertsonii Runyon, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 26: 485. f. 1, 2. 1939. Woodward, 
Okla., Runyon 200. 

Cenchrus longispinus Fernald, Rhodora 
45: 388. 1948. Based on C. echinatus 
forma longispina Hack. 

Cenchrus pauciflorus var. longispinus 
Jensen and Wachter, Nederl. Kruid. 
Archief 56: 246. 1949. Based on C. 
echinatus forma longispinus Hack. 

(7) Cenchrus tribuleides L., Sp. Pl. 1050. 
1753. Seacoast of Virginia, [Clayton]. 

Cenchrus echinatus var. tribuloides Torr., 
Fl. North. and Mid. U.S. 1: 69. 1823. 
Based on C. tribuloides L. 

Cenchrus vaginatus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1:110. 1854. Cultivated in the botani- 
cal garden, Paris. 

Cenchrus tribuloides var. macrocephalus 
Doell, in Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 312. 1877. 
Brazil, Martius. 

Cenchrus macrocephalus Scribn., U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 110. f. 
406. 1899. Based on C. tribuloides var. 
macrocephalus Doell. 


(110) CHLORIS Swartz 


(7) Chloris andropogonoides Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 148. 1886. San Luis Potosi, 
Mexico, Virlet 1462. 

Chloris tenuispica Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 25: 436. 1898. Texas, Nealley in 
1889. 

Chloris argentina (Hack.) Lillo and Parodi, 
Physis 4: 180. 1918. Based on C. 
distichophylla var. argentina Hack. 

Chloris distichophylla var. argentina Hack. 
ex Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 
11: 113. 1904. Argentina, Stuckert. 

Chloris berroi Arech., Anal. Mus. Nac. 
Montevideo 1: 388. pl. 44. 1896. 
Uruguay, Berro. 

Chloris cantérai Arech., 
Hee ey 1: 385. 
Uruguay. 

Chioris capes (Houtt.) Thell., 
Sp. Nov. Fedde 10: 289. 1912. 
on Andropogon capense Houtt. 

Andropogon capense Houtt. Nat. Hist. IT. 
13: Aanwyz. Plaat. [2]. pl. 103. f. 3. 
1782; Panzer, Pflanzensyst. 12: Ver- 
zeich. Kuppertaf. [4]. pl. 93. f. 3. 
1785. Cape of Good Hope, Africa. 

(6) Chloris chloridea (Pres!) Hitche., Biol. 


Anal. Mus. Nac. 
1896. Paysandd, 


Repert. 
Based 


OF THE UNITED STATES 


845 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 162. 1928. Based 
on Dineba chloridea Pres]. 

Dineba chloridea Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
291. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Eutriana chloridea Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 23. 18380. Based on Dineba 
chloridea Presl. 

Gymnopogon longifolius Fourn., Mex. Pl. 

: 144. 1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
Gouin 52. 

Gymnopogon virletiti Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
144. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 1441. 

Chloris longifolia Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 284. pl. 19. 1893. 
Not C. longifolia Steud., 1854. Based on 
Gymnopogon longifolius Fourn. 

Chloris clandestina Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
25. 1901. Based on Gymnopogon longi- 
folius Fourn. 

(11) Chloris ciliata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Oce. 25. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Cynodon ciliatus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on Chloris 
ciliata Swartz. 

Chloris propinqua Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 204. 1854, Guadeloupe, Duchaissing. 

Chloris ciliata var. texana Vasey, U. 5S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 121: pl. 30. 
1890. Brownsville, Tex. [| Nealley]. 

Chloris tecana Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 25: 441. 1898. Based on C, ciliata 
var. texana Vasey. 

Chloris nashii Heller, Muhlenbergia 5: 
120. 1909. Based on C. texana Nash. 


(15) Chloris cucullata Bisch., Ann. Sci. 


Nat., Bot. III. 19: 357. 1853. Culti- 
vated, seed from Matamoros, Mexico. 
Chloris distichophylla Lag., Gen. et Sp. 
Nov. 4. 1816. Argentina and Chile. 
Eustachys distichophylla Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 418. 1829. Based on Chloris 
distichophylla Lag. 

(3) Chloris floridana (Chapm.) Wood, Amer. 
Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 407. 1871. Based 
on Eustachys floridana Chapm. 

Eustachys floridana Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. 557. 1860. Middle Florida. 

(5) Chloris gayana Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
89. 1829. Senegal, Africa. 

(1) Chloris glauca (Chapm.) Wood, Amer. 
Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 407. 1871. Based 
on Hustachys glauca Chapm. 

Eustachys glauca Chapm., FI. 
U.S. 557. 1860. West Florida. 

(14) Chloris latisquamea Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 439. 1898. Kerrville, 
Tex., Heller 1767. 

Chloris verticillata var. intermedia Vasey, 
in Coult., U. 8S. Nat. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
528. 1804. Texas, [Houston, Hall 
773). 

(4) Chloris neglecta Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 423. 1895. Orange Bend, 
Fla., Nash 2149. 

Eustachys neglecta Nash, Torrey Bot. 


South. 


846 
Club Bul. 25: 450. 1898. Based on 
Chloris neglecta Nash. 

(2) Chloris petraea Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Oce. 25. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 


?Aira aegilopsoides Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. _ 


1788. South Carolina. 

Agrostis complanata Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 
96. 1789. Grown in England, seed 
from Jamaica. 

Eustachys petraea Desv., Nouv. Bul. Soc. 
Philom. Paris 2: 189. 1810. Based on 
Chloris petraea Swartz. 

Schultesia petraea Spreng., Pl. Pugill. 2: 
17. 1815. Based on Chloris petraea 
Swartz. 

Aira complanata Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
1: 44. 1840, as synonym of Chloris 
petraea Swartz. 

Chloris swartzit C. Muell., Bot. Ztg. 19: 
341. 1861. Based on C. petraea Swartz. 

Chloris septentrionalis C. Muell., Bot. 
Ztg. 19: 340. 1861. Rio Brazos, Tex., 
Drummond. 

Chloris swartziana Doell in Mart., FI. 
Bras. 23: 68. 1878. Based on C. 
petraea. Swartz. 

(10) Chloris polydactyla (L.) Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg. Ind. Occ. 26. 1788. Based on 
Andropogon polydactylon L. 

Andropogon barbatus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 1305. 1759. Jamaica. Not Chloris 
barbata Swartz, 1797, based on A. 
barbatus L., 1771, from the East Indies, 
which is C. inflata Link (C. paraguay- 
ensis Steud.). 

Andropogon polydactylon L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 
2: 14838. 1763. Jamaica. Diagnosis of 
A. barbatus L. (1759) copied. 

Saccharum polydactylum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 
42. 1784. Based on Andropogon poly- 
dactylon L. 

Chloris barbata Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 25: 448. 1898. Not C. barbata 
Swartz, 1797. Based on Andropogon 
barbatus L. (1759). 

Chloris prieurii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1. 89. 
1829. Senegambia, Africa. 

Chloris radiata (L.) Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Occ. 26. 1788. Based on Agrostis 
radiata L. 

Agrostis radiata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
873. 1759. Jamaica. 

Chloris glaucescens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1:206. 1854. Guadeloupe, Duchatssing. 

(18) Chloris subdolichostachya C. Muell., 
Bot. Ztg. 19: 341. 1861. Texas, Drum- 
mond 372. 

Chloris verticillata var. aristulata Torr. 
and Gray, U. 8S. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 
Rpt. 2: 176. 1855. Lower Rio Grande, 
Gregg. 

Chloris brevispica Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 25: 488. 1898. Nueces County, 
Tex., Heller 1471. 

Chioris submutica H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 167. pl. 50. 1816. Mexico, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(8) Chloris texensis Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 23: 151. 1896. Texas, Thurow; 
Nealley. 

Chloris nealleyi Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 25: 435. 1898. Based on C. 
terensis Nash, not C. texana (Vasey) 
Nash, 1890. 

Chloris truncata R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. 
Holl. 186. 1810. Australia. 

Chioris ventricosa R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. 
Holl. 186. 1810. Australia. 

(12) Chloris verticillata Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5: 150. 1837. Fort 
Smith, Ark., [ Nuttall]. 

(9) Chloris virgata Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occ. 1. 
203. 1797. Antigua, Swartz. 

Chloris pubescens Lag., Var. Cien. 4: 148. 
1805. [Peru.] 

Rabdochloa virgata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
84, 158. 1812. Presumably based on 
Chloris virgata Swartz. 

Chloris compressa DC., Cat. Hort. Monsp. 
94, 1813. Cultivated at Montpellier. 

Chloris elegans H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 166. pl. 49.. 1816. Mexico, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Chloris alba Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 289. 
1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Chloris penicillata Willd. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 353. 1840, as synonym 
of C. elegans H. B. K. 

Chloris alba var. aristulata Torr., U. S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 155. 1857. 
Banks of the upper Rio Grande [Emory 
Exped.]; Tex., Drummond 395 also 
mentioned. 

Agrostomia barbata Cervant., Naturaleza 
1: 346. 1870. Cuernavaca, Mexico. 


(158) CHRYSOPOGON Trin. 


(1) Chrysopogon  pauciflorus (Chapm.) 
Benth. ex Vasey, Grasses U. S. 1883. 
Based on Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm. 

Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 
3: 20. 1878. Jacksonville, Fla., Chap- 
man. 

Chrysopogon wrightit Munro ex Vasey, 
Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 29. 1885. 
Based on Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm. 

Andropogon pauciflorus Hack. in DC., 
Monogr. Phan. 6: 548. 1889. Based on 
Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm. 

Rhaphis pauciflorus Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 67. 1903. Based on 
Sorghum pauciflorum Chapm. 


(74) CINNA L. . 


(1) Cinna arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 5. 1753. 
Canada, Kalm. 

Agrostis cinna Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 18. 
1789. Based on Cinna arundinacea L. 
but, according to Obs. Bot. 6:12. 1791, 
misapplied to a species of M/uhlenbergia. 

Agrostis cinna Lam., Tabl. Encycel. 1: 
162. 1791. Based on Cinna arundt- 
nacea I. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Agrostis cinna Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 
64. 1814. Based on Cinna arundi- 
nacea Willd. (error for L.). 

Cinna agrostoides Beauv. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. 1: 20, 198. 1821, as synonym of 
Agrostis cinna Lam. 

Muhlenbergia cinna Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
191. 1824. Based on Agrostis cinna 
Lam. 

CINNA ARUNDINACEA var. INEXPANSA Fern. 
and Grise., Rhodora 37: 1385. pl. 334. 
f. 1, 2. 1935..Virginia Beach, Va., 
Fernald and Long 3648. 

(2) Cinna latifolia (Trevir.) Griseb. in 
Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 485. 1853. Based 
on Agrostis latifolia Trevir. 

Agrostis latifolia Trevir. ex Gépp., Beschr. 
Bot. Gart. Breslau 82. 1880. Europe. 

Muhlenbergia pendula Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 
2: 172. 1882. Sitka. 

Cinna expansa Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 236. 
1833. Western North America, Rich- 
ardson. 

Cinna pendula Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 280. 1841. 
Norway, Sitka, Baikal. The earlier 
Muhlenbergia pendula 'Trin., not men- 
tioned. 

Cinna arundinacea var. pendula A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 2. 545. 1856. Based on C. 
pendula Trin. 

Cinna pendula var. glomerula Scribn., 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1884: 290. 
1884. Washington, Tweedy. 

Cinna bolanderi Seribn., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1884: 290. 1884. Cali- 
fornia, Bolander 6090. 

Cinna pendula var. acutiflora Vasey ex 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 203. 1888, 
name only, Vancouver Island; 2°: 393. 
1890, as synonym of C. pendula var. 
glomerata Scribn. [error for var. glo- 
merula]. 

Cinna pendula var. mutica Vasey in 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 202. 1888. 
Name only for collection at Pelly 
Banks, Northwest Territory, Dawson 
in 1887; Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3:57. 1892. Oregon, [Cusick]. 

Cinna pendula var. bolanderi Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:57. 1892. 
Based on C. bolanderi Scribn. 


(165) COIX L. 


(1) Coix lacryma-jobi L., Sp. Pl. 972. 1753. 

India. 

Coix lacryma L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 1261. 
1759. Based on C. lacryma-jobi L. 

Lathagrostis lacryma-jobt Gaertn., Fruct. 
et Sem. 1: 7. 1788. Based on Coizx 
lacryma-jobt L. 

Sphaertum lacryma Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 793. 1891. Based on Coizx 
lacryma L. 


847 


(73) COLEANTHUS Seidel 


(1) Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel in 
Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 276. 
1817. Based on Schmidtia subtilis Tratt. 

Schmidtia subtilis Tratt., Fl. Oesterr. 1: 
12. 1816. Bohemia. 

Zizania subtilis Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 452, 458. 1825. Based on 
Coleanthus subtilis [Seidel] Roem. and 
Schult. 

Wilibaldia subtilis Roth, Enum. Pl. Phan. 
Germ. 1:92. 1827. Based on Schmidtia 
subtilis Tratt. 

Simidetia humilis Raf., Autikon Bot. 187. 
1840. Based on Schmidtia subtilis Tratt. 


CORIDOCHLOA Nees 


Coridochloa cimicina (L.) Nees ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 1: 618. 1893, as synonym of 
Panicum cimicinum; Chase, Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 24: 129. 1911. This name 
is usually credited to Nees, Edinb. 
New Phil. Jour. 15: 381. 1833, but 
though Nees adds, after briefly dis- 
tinguishing the genus, that its type is 
Panicum cimicinum Retz., he does not 
transfer the name to Coridochloa. 

Milium cimicinum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 184. 
1771. Malabar, India. 

Agrostis digitata Lam., Encycl. 1: 59. 
1783. “Milium cimicinum LL.’ cited 
and description from “L. Mant. 184” 
quoted. Malabar. 

Panicum cimicinum Retz., Obs. Bot. 3: 9. 
1783. Based on Miliwm cimicinum L. 
Axonopus? cimicinus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
12,154. 1812. Based on Miliwm cimici- 

num L. 


(27) CORTADERIA Stapf 


Cortaderia rudiuscula Stapf, Gard. Chron. 
III. 22: 396. 1897. Argentina. 

This is the species described by Stapf 
under C. quila (Nees) Stapf, but that name 
is ultimately based on Arundo quila Molina, 
a species of bamboo, Chusquea quila (Molina) 
Kunth. 

(1) Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Aschers. 
and Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 
325. 1900. Based on Arundo selloana 
Schult. 

Arundo dioeca Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 361. 
1825. Not A. dioica Lour., 1793. Monte 
Video, Uruguay, Sello. 

Arundo selloana Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1): 605. 1827. Based on A. 
dioeca Spreng. Schultes cites ‘‘A. dioeca 
Spreng., S.V. p. 361,” hence the date is — 
later than 1824, the title-page date. 

Gynertum argenteum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
462. 1829. Brazil. 

Cortaderia argentea Stapf, Gard. Chron. 
III. 22: 396. 1897. Based on Gyne- 
ruum argenteum Nees. 

Cortaderia dioica Speg., An. Mus. Nac. 


848 


Buenos Aires 7: 194. 
Arundo dioica Spreng. 


1902. Based on 


(60) CORYNEPHORUS Beauv. 


(1) Corynephorus canescens (L.) Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 90, 149, 159. 1812. Based 
on Aira canescens L. 
Agraacanescens. l.. sp» PL 6b. 1b. 
Europe. 
Avena canescens Web. in Wigg., Prim. FI. 
Hel 9. 1780. Based on Aira canescens 


Weingaertneria canescens Bernh., Syst. 
Verz. Pflanz. 51. 1800. Based on 
Aira canescens L. 


(88) COTTEA Kunth 


(1) Cottea pappophoroides Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 84. 1829. Peru. 


(85) CRYPSIS Ait. 


(1) Crypsis niliaca Fig. and De Not., Mem. 
Accad. Torino II. 14: 322. - 1854, 
(Separate 1853.) Island in the Nile, 
lower Egypt. 

Referred to C. aculeata (L.) Ait. in 

Manual, ed. 1. That species is not known 

from America. 


(108) CTENIUM Panzer 


(1) Ctenium aromaticum (Walt.) Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 806. 1861. Based 
on Aegilops aromatica Walt. 

?Nardus gangitis L., Sp. Pl. 538. 1758. 
Garden specimen, southern France, 
(probably Montpellier). The specimen 
under this name in the Linnaean Her- 
barium is from Montpellier and is said 
by Munro (Jour. Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 35. 
1862) to be Lepturus incurvatus Trin. 
(Parapholis incurvus (L.) C. E. Hubb.). 
The Linnaean citations refer to Andro- 
pogon and to Rottboellia according to 
Trinius (Clav. Agrost. 346. 1822), ex- 
cept that to Morison (Pl. Hist. 3: Sect. 
8, tab. 3, last figure) which is a species 
of Ctenium. Linnaeus gives as the origin 
of his plant “Habitat in G. Narbonensi’” 
(Gallia Narbonensis is southern France). 
The application of the name WN. gangttis 
is too uncertain to be accepted for 
Ctenium aromaticum, as proposed by 
Druce. 

Aegilops aromatica Walt., Fl. Carol. 249. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Nardus scorptoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
152. 1791. America. 

Chloris monostachya Michx., Fl. Bor. 


Amer. 1: 59. 1808. South Carolina, 
Michaux. 

Campulosus gracilior Desv., Nouv. Bul. 
Soc. Philom. (Paris) 2: 189. 1810. 


Based on Chloris monostachya Michx. 
Campulosus monostachyus Beauv., Ess. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Agrost. 64, 157, 158. pl. 18. f. 1. 1812. 
Based on Chloris monostachya Michx. 
Ctenium carolinianum Panz., Denkschr. 
Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4: 311. pl. 13. f. 1, 2. 

1813. South Carolina. 

Campuloa gracilis Desv., Jour. Bot. 1: 
69. 1813. Based on Chloris monostachya 
Michx. 

Monocera aromatica Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 177. pl. 11. f. 3. 1816. Based on 
Aegilops aromatica Walt. 

Campuloa monostachya Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 516. 1817. Based on 
Chloris monostachya Michx. 

?Monerma ? gangitis Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 800. 1817. Based on 
Nardus gangitis L. 

Triatherus aromaticus Raf., Amer. Month. 
Mag. 3:99. 1818. Based on Monocera 
aromatica Ell. 

Cynodon monostachyos Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on 
Campulosus monostachyus Desv. [error 
for Beauv.]. . 

Ctenium americanum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 274. 1825. North America, Chloris 
monostachya Michx., cited as synonym. 

Aplocera maritima Raf., Med. FI. 2: 193. 
1830. Aplocera proposed as change of 
name for Monocera Ell., no basis given 
for the specific name. 

Campulosus aromaticus Trin. ex Steud., 
Nom. -Bot;. ed. 2: 1: 272. 1840 %as 
synonym of C. monostachyus Beauv. 

Chloris piperita Michx. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 353. 1840, as synonym 
of Campulosus monostachyus Beauv. 

Rottboellia scorpioides Poir. ex Steud. 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 474. 1841, as 
synonym of Cteniwm americanum 
Spreng. 

Campulosus gracilis Bertol., Accad. Sci. 
Bologna Mem. 2: 602. pl. 43. f. a.b.c. 
1850. Alabama. 

°Campulosus gangitis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 764. 1891. Based on Nardus 
gangitis L., taken up for Cteniwm aro- 
maticum. 

Campulosus aromaticus Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5: 45. 1894. Based 
on Aegilops aromaticus Walt. 

?Ctenium gangitum Druce, Bot. Exch. 
Club Brit. Isles Rpt. 3: 416. 1914. 
Based on Nardus gangitis L., taken up 
for C. aromaticum. 

(2) Ctenium floridanum (Hitche.) Hitchc., 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 162. 1928. 
Based on Campulosus floridanus Hitche. 

Campulosus floridanus Hitche., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 2: 306. 1915. East Florida, 
Curtiss in 1875. 

This is the species described by Scribner 
(U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 7: 197. 
f. 179. 1897) and by Nash (Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 133. 1903) under Cam- 
pulosus chapadensis Trin. That is a Brazilian 
species not known from North America. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Richt. Pl. 
Eur. 1: 77. 1890. Based on Dactylis 
memphitica Spreng. 

Dactylis memphitica Spreng., Nachtr. Bot. 
Gart. Halle 20. 1801. Egypt. 


CYMBOPOGON Spreng. 


Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Kew Bul. 
Misc. Inf, 1906: 322. 1906. Based on 
Andropogon ciiratus DC. 

Andropogon citratus DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 78. 1813, without description. 
DC. ex Nees, Allg. Gartenz. 3: 267. 
1835. Garden plant. 

Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Cat. Afr. 
Pl. Welw. 2: 155. 1899. Based on 
Andropogon nardus L. 

Andropogon nardus L., Sp. Pl. 1046. 
1753. India. 

Sorghum nardus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
792. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
nardus Li. 


(103) CYNODON L. Rich. 


(1) Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
85. 1805. Based on Panicum dactylon 


L. 

Panicum dactylon L., Sp. Pl. 58. 1753. 
Southern Europe. 

Digitaria dactylon Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 
1: 52. 1772. Based on Panicum dac- 
tylon L. 

Dactilon officinale Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauph. 
2: 69. 1787. Based on Panicum dacty- 
lon L. 

?Cynosurus uniflorus Walt., Fl. Carol. 82. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Paspalum dactylon Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
0: 1791. Based on Panicum dactylon 

Digitaria littoralis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 19. 
1796. Based on Panicum dactylon L. 

Milium dactylon Moench, Meth. Pl. Sup. 
Of 1802. Based on Panicum dactylon 


Fibichia umbellata Koel., Deser. Gram. 
1802. Based on Panicum dacty- 
on Li. 


Digitaria stolonifera Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 
Oe 1806. Based on Panicum dactylon 


Cynodon maritimus H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 170. 1816. Peru, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Cynodon tenuis Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2: 68. 1821. North America. 
Chloris cynodon Trin., Gram. Unifl. 229. 
1824. Based on Cynodon dactylon Pers. 
Digitaria maritima Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
272. 1825. Based on Cynodon mari- 

tumus H. B. K. 

Cynodon erectus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 290. 
1830. Mexico [type, Haenke] and 
Peru. 

Agrostis bermudiana Tussac ex Kunth, 


349 


Enum. Pl. 1: 259. 1833, as synonym of 
Cynodon dactylon Pers. 

Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 463. 1840, as 
synonym of C. dactylon Pers. 

Cynodon portoricensis Wilid. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 463. 1840, as 
synonym of C.. dactylon Pers. 

Capriola dactylon Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 764. 1891. Based on Panicum dacty- 
lon L. 

Fibichia dactylon Beck, Wiss. Mitt. Bosn. 
Herzeg. 9: 436. 1904. Based on Pani- 
cum dactylon L. 

Cynodon dactylon var. maritimus Hack. 
in Fries, Arkiv Bot. 8: 40. 1909. 
Based on C. maritimus H. B. K. 

Capriola dactylon maritima Hitche., U.S. 
Dept. Agr. Bul. 772: 179. 1920. Based 
on Cynodon maritimus H. B. K. 

Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy,” Kew 


Bul. Mise. Inf. 1921: 281, 1921. 
Transvaal, South Africa, Burtt-Davy 
18156. 


(24) CYNOSURUS L. 


(1) Cynosurus cristatus L., Sp. Pl. 72. 
1753. Europe. 
(2) Cynosurus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 72. 
1753. Europe. 
Phalona echinata Dum., Obs. Gram. Belg. 
114. 1823. Based on Cynosurus echi- 
natus L. 


(23) DACTYLIS L. 


(1) Dactylis glomerata L., Sp. Pl. 71. 1753. 
Europe. 

Bromus glomeratus Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 
1: 76. 1772. Based on Dactylis glo- 
merata L. 

Festuca glomerata All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 
252. 1785. Based on Dactylis glomerata 
L. 

Limnetis glomerata Eaton, Man. 14. 
1817. Based on Dactylis glomerata L. 

Trachypoa vulgaris Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
359. 1901. Based on Dactylis glomerata 
L. 


(101) DACTYLOCTENIUM Willd. 


(1) Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. Expl. Pl. 15, 159. 1812. 
Based on Cynosurus aegyptius L. The 
same combination made by Richt. PI. 
Eur. 1: 68. 1890, based on the same 
species. 

Cynosurus aegyptitus L., Sp. Pl. 72. 
1753. Africa, Asia, America. 

Aegilops saccharinum Walt., Fl. Carol. 
249. 1788. South Carolina. 

Eleusine aegyptiaca Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 
oF 1798. Based on Cynosurus aegyptius 


22 J. Burtt-Davy in earlier papers on American 
grasses used Davy as author, as in Elymus divergens 
and others, but in later papers used Burtt-Davy. 


850 


Eleusine pectinata Moench, Meth. Pl. 
Sup. 68. 1802. Based on Cynosurus 
aegyptius L. 

Chloris mucronata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1:59. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Eleusine aegyptia Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 87. 
1805. Based on Cynosurus aegyptius L. 

Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum Willd., Enum. 
Pl. 1029. 1809. Based on Cynosurus 
aegyptius L. 

Dactyloctentum mucronatum Willd., Enum. 
Pl. 1029. 1809. Based on Chloris mu- 
cronata Michx. 

Eleusine mucronata Stokes, Bot. Mat. 
Med. 1: 150. 1812. Not £. mucronata 
Michx., 1803. Jamaica, Broughton. 

Rabdochloa mucronata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
84, 158, 176. 1812. Presumably based 
on Chloris mucronata Michx. 

Cenchrus aegyptius L. ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 157. 1812, as synonym of Dac- 
tyloctentum aegypttum, doubtless error 
for Cynosurus. 

Eleusine egyptia Raf., 
Somiol. 45. 1814. 

Eleusine aegyptia Raf., Chloris Aetn. 7. 

1815. 


Eleusine cruciata Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 
e176 1816. Presumably South Caro- 


Précis Décour. 


lina. 
Eleusine mucronata Hornem., Hort. Hafn. 
Sup. 116. 1819. Not EH. mucronata 


Michx., 1803. Based on Dactyloctenium 
mucronatum Willd. 

Dactyloctenium  meridionale UHamilt., 
Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 6. 1825. West 
Indies and tropical America. 

Cynosurus carolinianus Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 465. 1840. Name 
only, referred to Dactyloctenium. 

Dactyloctenium mucronatum var. erectum 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2:144. 1886. Mexico, 
Gouin 68; Karwinsky 989, 989b. 


(66) DANTHONIA Lam. and DC. 


(6) Danthonia californica Boland., Calif. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 2: 182. 1863. Oakland 
and San Francisco, Calif., Bolander. 

Merathrepia californica Piper, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 122. 1906. 
Based on Danthonia californica Boland. 

Pentameris californica Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 469. 19138. Based on 
Danthonia californica Boland. 

DANTHONIA CALIFORNICA var. AMERICANA 
(Seribn.) Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 41: 160. 1928. Based on D. 
americana Scribn. (Published as D. 
californica americana.) 

Danthonia grandiflora Phil., An. Univ. 


Chile 48: 568. 1873. Not D. grandi- 
flora Hochst., 1851. Province Nuble, 
Chile. 

Danthonia americana Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 5. 1901. 
Based on D. grandiflora Phil. 

Merathrepta americana Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 123. 1906. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Based on Danthonia americana Scribn. 

Pentameris americana Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 469. 1913. Based on 
Danthonia americana Sceribn. 

Danthonia macounii Hitche., Amer, Jour. 
Bot. 2: 305. 1915. Nanaimo, Van- 
couver Island, Macoun 78825. 

Danthonia californica var. palousensis St. 
John, Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. 
Idaho 38. 1937. Potlatch, Idaho, 
Beattie 4061. 

Danthonia californica var. piperi St. John, 
Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 38. 
1937. Pullman, Wash., Piper 1744. 

(2) Danthonia compressa Austin in Peck, 
N. Y. State Mus. Ann. Rpt. 22: 54. 
1869. Herkimer County, N. Y., Austin 
in 1868. 

Danthonia spicata var. compressa Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 396. 1871. 
Based on D. compressa Austin. 

Danthonia alleni Austin, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 3: 21. 1872. Rockaway, Long 
Island, Allen. 

Danthonia faxoni Austin, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 6: 190. 1877. White Moun- 
tains, N. H., Faxon in 1877. 

Merathrepta compressa Heller, Muhlen- 
bergia 5: 120. 1909. Based on Dan- 
thonia compressa Austin. 

Peniameris compressa Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 469. 1918. Based on 
Danthonia compressa Austin. 

(4) Danthonia intermedia Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 10: 52. 1883. Cali- 
fornia; Rocky Mountains; Plains of 
British America to Mount Albert, 
Quebec, Allen [in 1881, type]. 

Danthonia intermedia var. cusickit Wil- 
liams, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 30: 7. 1901. Oregon, Cusick 2427. 

Merathrepta intermedia Piper, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 122. 1906. Based 
on Danthonia intermedia Vasey. 

Merathrepia intermedia cusickiit Piper, 
U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 122. 
1906. Based on Danthonia intermedia 
cusickit Williams. 

Pentameris intermedia Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 470. 1913. Based on 
Danthonia intermedia Vasey. 

Danthonia cusickii Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 805. 1915. Based on D. «nter- 
media var. cusickit Williams. 

(5) Danthonia parryi Scribn., Bot. Gaz. 21: 
133. 1896. Colorado, Parry. 

Danthonia parryi var. ‘longifolia Scribn., 
Bot. Gaz. 21: 134. 1896. Twin Lakes, 
Colo., Wolf 1170. 

M erathrepta parryt Heller, Muhlenbergia 
5: 120. 1909. Based on Danthonia 
parry? Scribn. 

Danthonia pilosa R. Br., Prodr. Fi. Nov. 
Holl. 177. 1810. Australia. 

Danthonia semiannularis (Labill.) R. Br., 
Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 177. 1810. Based 
on Arundo semiannularis Labill. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Arundo semiannularis Labill., Nov. Holl. 
Pl. 1: 26. pl. 83. 1804. Australia. 

(3) Danthonia sericea Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
71. 1818. Carolina to Florida. 

Danthonia glabra Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 24: 48. 1897. Not D. glabra Phil., 
1896. Little Stone Mountain, Ga., 
Small in 1895. 

Danthonia epilis Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 30:7. 1901. Based on 
D. glabra Nash. 

Merathrepta sericea Heller, Muhlenbergia 
5: 120. 1909. Based on Danthonia 
sericea Nuit. 

Pentameris epilis Nels. and Macbr., Bot. 
Gaz. 56: 469. 19138. Based on Dantho- 
nia epilis Scribn. 

Pentameris sericea Nels. and Macbr., Bot. 
Gaz. 56: 470. 1913. Based on Dantho- 
nia sericea Nutt. 

This is the species described by Elliott 
(Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 174. 1816) under the 
name Avena spicata L. 

(1) Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. ex 
Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 690. 
1817. Based on Avena spicata L. 

Avena spicata L., Sp. Pl. 80. 1753. Penn- 


sylvania. 
Avena glumosa Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
72. 1803. Pennsy.vania; Carolina, 


Michaux. (In Index Kewensis this name 
is erroneously credited to Ell. Elliott 
cited A. glumosa Michx. as synonym of 
A. spicata L.) 

Danthonia glumosa Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
92, 158, 160. 1812. Based on Avena 
glumosa Michx. 

Avena spicaeformis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
154. 1812, name only; Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 690. 1817, as 
synonym of Danthonia spicata L. 

Triodia glumosa Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
Atlas 12. pl. 18. f. 7. 1812. Evidently 
an error for Danthonia glumosa Beauv. 

Merathrepta spicata Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 211. 1894, as synonym of 
Danthonia spicata. 

Danthonia spicata var. villosa Peck, N. Y. 
State Mus. Ann. Rpt. 47: 168. 1894. 
Brownville [Peck] and Taberg, N. Y. 

Danthonia spicata pinetorum Piper, Ery- 
thea 7: 1038. 1899. Mason County, 
Wash., Piper 943. 

Danthonia thermale Seribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 5. 1901. 
Yellowstone Park, Wyo., A. Nelson 
and HL. Nelson 6140. 

Danthonia spicata var. longipila Scribn. 
and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 30: 7. 1901. Benton 
County, Ark., Plank 38. 

Merathrepta pinetorum Piper, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 122. 1906. Based 
on Danthonia spicata pinetorum Piper. 

Merathrepta thermale Heller, Muhlen- 
bergia 5: 120. 1909. Based on Dan- 
thonia thermale Scribn. 


851 


Merathrepta thermale var. pinetorum Piper 
ex Fedde and Schust., in Just’s Bot. 
Jahresber. 87: 128. 1911 (erroneously 
ascribed to Heller, Muhlenbergia 5: 
120. 1909). 

Pentameris spicata Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 470. 1918. Based on 
Avena spicata L. 

Pentameris thermale Nels. and Maebr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 470. 1913. Based on 
Danthonia thermale Scribn. 

Danthonia pinetorum Piper in Piper and 
Beattie, Fl. Northw. Coast 46. 1915. 
Based on D. spicata pinetorum Piper. 

Danthonia spicata var. typica Fernald, 
Rhodora 45: 242. 1943. Based on 
Avena spicata L. 

(7) Danthonia unispicata (Thurb.) Munro 
ex Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 215. 
1888. Based on D. californica var. 
unispicata Thurb. The name was earlier 
listed without description as follows: 
Thurb. in A. Gray, Proc. Acad. Phila., 
1863: 78. 1863, name only, for Geyer 
189. Thurb. in S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 
2: 294. 1880, as synonym of D. 
californica var. unispicata Thurb. 
Munro; Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses 
U.S. 59. 1885. Name only. 

Danthonia californica var. unispicata 
Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 294. 
1880. San Diego to San Francisco, 
Calif., Bolander, Parry, Lemmon. 

Merathrepta unispicata Piper, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 123. 1906. Based 
on Danthonia unispicata Munro. 

Pentameris unispicata Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 56: 470. 1918. Based on 
Danthonia unispicata Munro. 


(58) DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. 


(4) Deschampsia atropurpurea (Wabhl.) 
Scheele, Flora 27: 56. 1844. Based on 
Aira atropurpurea Wahl. 

Atra atropurpurea Wahl., Fl. Lapp. 37. 
1812. Lapland. 

Holcus atropurpureus Wahl., Svensk Bot. 
pl. 687. 1826-29. Based on Azra 
atropurpurea Wahl. 

Avena atropurpurea Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 119. 1827. Based on Aira atropur- 
purea Wahl. 

Aira latifolia Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer, 2: 243. 
pl. 227. 1840. Rocky Mountains, 
Drummond. 

Vahlodea atropurpurea Fries, Bot. Not. 
178. 1842. Presumably based on Aira 
airopurpurea Wahl. 

Deschampsia latifolia Vasey, Grasses U.S. 
29. 1883. Not D. latifolia Hochst., 
1851. Based on Aira latifolia Hook. 

Deschampsia hookeriana Seribn., Bot. Gaz. 
11: 97. 1886. Based on Aira latifolia 
Hook. 

Deschampsia atropurpurea var. minor 
Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 48. 


852 


1888. Vancouver Island, Macoun in 
1887. 

Deschampsia atropurpurea var. latifolia 
Scribn. ex Macoun, Cat. Can. Pl. 24: 
209. 1888. Based on Aira latifolia 
Hook. 

Vahlodea latifolia Hultén, Fl. Aleut. Isl. 
83. 1937. Based on Aira latifolia 
Hook. 

(6) Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv., 
Kss. Agrost. 91, 149, 160. pl. 18. f. 3. 
1812. Based on Aira caespttosa L. 

Aira caespitosa L., Sp. Pl. 64. 1758. 
Europe. 

Agrostis caespitosa Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 
25. 1796. Based on Aira caespitosa L. 

Atra ambigua Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
61. 1808. Canada, Michaucz. 

Aira caespitosa var. ambigua Pursh, FI. 
Amer. Sept. 1: 77. 1814. Based on A. 
ambigua Michx. 

Aira cespitosa Muhl., Descr. Gram. 85. 
1817. Pennsylvania; New England. 
Aira aristulata Torr., F]. North. and Mid. 

U.S. 1:132. 1823. New York, Cooper. 

Campbella caespitosa Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
122. 1827. Based on Aira caespitosa L. 

Aira caespitosa var. genuina Reichenb.., 
Icon. 1: pl. 96. f. 1682. 1834. Based on 
A. caespitosa L. 

Podionapus caespitosus Dulac, Fl. Haut. 
Pyr. 82. 1867. Based on Deschampsia 
caespitosa Beauv. 

Avena caespitosa Kuntze, Taschenfl. 
Leipzig 45. 1867. Based on Aira 
caespitosa L. 

Aira major subsp. caespitosa Syme in 
Sowerby, English Bot. ed. 3. 11: 64. 
1873. Based on A. caespitosa L. 

Aira caespitosa var. montana Vasey in 
Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey, W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 294. 1878. Not 
A. caespitosa var. montana Reichenb., 
1850. Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. maritima 
Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 48. 
1888. Vancouver Island, Macoun in 
1887. 

Deschampsia ambigua Beauv. ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 1: 735. 1893. Name only, 
presumably referring to Aira ambigua 
Michx. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. alpina Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 368. 
1896. Not D. caespitosa var. alpina 
Ducomm., 1869. Alaska, Ellioti; Colo- 
rado, Letterman. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. confinis Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 369. 
1896. Southern California, Palmer 231 
in 1888. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. longiflora 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 369. 1896. 
Vancouver Island, Macoun in 1887. 

Deschampsia alpiccla Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 601. 1905. Based on D. 
caespitosa var. alpina Vasey. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Deschampsia confinis Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 36: 538. 1909. Based on D. 
caespitosa var. confinis Vasey. 

Deschampsia pungens Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 39: 103. 1912. Banff, Al- 
berta, McCalla 2309. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. genuina Volk, 
Bot. Jahrb. 47: 312. 1912. Based on 
Aira caespitosa var. genuina Reichenb. 

Aira alpicola Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 
ed. 2. 1112. 1922. Based on Des- 
champsia alpicola Rydb. 

Deschampsia caespitosa subsp. genuina 
W. E. Lawr., Amer. Jour. Bot. 32: 302. 
1945. Based on Aira caespitosa var. 
genuina Reichenb. 

The following names based on Deschamp- 
sta brevifolia R. Br. (Sup. App. Parry’s Voy. 
191. 1821) described from Melville Is- 
land, Arctic America, and not known from 
the United States, have been misapplied to 
D. caespitosa by various American authors: 

Aira arctica Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4: Cur. 
Post. 32. 1827. Based on Deschampsia 
brevifolia R. Br. 

Aira caespitosa var. arctica Thurb. ex A. 
Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1863: 
78. 1863. Based on Deschampsia brevi- 
folia R. Br. 

Deschampsia brachyphylla Nash in Rydb., 
N: ¥. Bots-Gard. Mem: 1:.37.5 1900: 
Not D. brachyphylla Phil., 1896. Based 
on D, brevifolia R. Br. 

Deschampsia curtifolia Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 7. 
1901. Based on D. brachyphylla Nash. 

Deschampsia arctica Merr., Rhodora 4: 
148. 1902. Based on Aira arctica 
Spreng. 

Aira curtifolia Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 
ed. 2. 1112. 1922. Based on Des- 
champsia curtifolia Scribn. 

Other names based on Old World species 
were misapplied to Deschampsia caespitosa 
by Beal: 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. botinica Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 369. 
1896. Based on Aira bottnica Wahl. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. brevifolia 
Vasey ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 369. 
1896. Based on Aira brevifolia Bieb. 

Deschampsia caespitosa var. montana 
Vasey ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 369. 
1896. Based on D. montana Schur. 

The following names applied to various 
collections of D. caespitosa are based on 
European types. Some of these collections 
agree fairly well, some do not, with Euro- 
pean specimens distributed under these 
names: : 

Deschampsia  caespitosa var. glauca 
(Hartm.) Lindm., Svensk. Fanero- 
gampl. 81. 1918. Not D. caespitosa var. 
glauca Regel, 1881. Based on D. glauca 
Hartm. 

Deschampsia glauca Hartm., Uandb. 
Skand. FI. 448. 1820. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Deschampsia caespitosa var. littoralis 
(Gaudin) Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 56. 1890. 
Based on Aira caespitosa var. littoralis 
Gaudin, 1828. 

DESCHAMPSIA CAESPITOSA Var. PARVIFLORA 
(Thuill.) Coss. and Germ., Fl. Env. 
Paris ed. 2. 806. 1861. Based on Aira 
parviflora Thuill, 

Aira parviflora Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris ed. 
2.1: 38. 1799. Paris. 

(3) Deschampsia congestiformis Booth, 
Rhodora 45: 414. 1943. Gallatin Val- 
ley, Bozeman, Mont., Hawkins in 1903. 

(1) Deschampsia danthonioides  (Trin.) 
Munro ex Benth., Pl. Hartw. 342. 
1857. Based on Aira danthonioides Trin. 

Aira danthonioides Trin., Mém. Acad. St. 
Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 57. 
1830. Western North America. 

Deschampsia calycina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 251. 1830. “Peru” is the published 
locality, but the type specimen is labeled 
Monterey, Calif., Haenke. 

Aira calycina Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
220. 1854. Based on Deschampsia 
calycina Presl. 

Trisetum glabrum Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 100. 1862. 
“Texas Dr. Linsecum.” [Locality prob- 
ably erroneous, the plants bearing this 
ticket in the herbarium of the Academy 
of Sciences, Philadelphia, being very 
like two on the same sheet labeled 
“Rocky Mountains of Columbia, Nut- 
tall.’ The species is not otherwise 
known east of Arizona.] 

Deschampsia gracilis Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 
224. 1885. San Diego, Calif., Orcutt 
[1072]. 

Deschampsia danthonioides var. gracilis 
Munz, Man. South Calif. Bot. 45: 597. 
1935. Based on Deschampsia gracilis 
Vasey. ; 

(2) Deschampsia elongata (Hook.) Munro 
ex Benth., Pl. Hartw. 342. 1857. 
Based on Aira elongata Hook. 

Aira elongata Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 
248. pl. 228. 1840. Columbia River, 
Douglas. 

Deschampsia elongata var. ciliata Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 371. 1896. 
Oregon, Howell; California, Anderson 
[Santa Cruz, type]. 

Deschampsia elongata var. tenuis Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 372. 1896. 
Santa Cruz, Calif., Jones 2201. Pub- 
lished as new in Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. 
Calif. 51. 1901. Evergreen, Santa Clara 
County, Calif. 

Deschampsia ciliata Rydb., Fl. Rocky 
Mount. 60. 1917. Based on D. elongata 
var. ciliata Vasey. 

Aira vaseyana Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 
ed. 2. 1112. 1922. Based on Des- 
champsia elongata var. ciliata Vasey. 

(5) Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., Acad. 


853 


St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 9. 
1836. Based on Aira flexuosa L. 

Aira flexuosa L., Sp. Pl. 6d. 1753. 
Europe. 

Avena flecuosa Mert. and Koch in Roehl, 
Deut. Fl. ed. 3. 12: 570. 18238. Based 
on Aira flexuosa L. 

Avenella flecuosa Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 246. 
1848. Based on Aira flexuosa L. 

Lerchenfeldia flecuosa Schur, Enum. Pl. 
Transsilv. 753. 1866. Based on Aira 
flexuosa L. 

Podionapus flexuosus Dulac, FI. Haut. 
Pyr. 83. 1867. Based on Deschampsia 
flexuosa Trin. 

Salmasia flexuosa Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 319. 
1901. Based on Aira flexuosa L. 

(7) Deschampsia holciformis Presl, Rel. 
Haenk. 1:251. 1830. Monterey, Calif., 
Haenke. 

Aira holciformis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
221. 1854. Based on Deschampsia 
holciformis Presl. 

Deschampsia caespitosa subsp. holciformis 
W. E. Lawr., Amer. Jour. Bot. 32: 302. 
1945. Based on D. holciformis Presl. 


Desmazeria sicula (Jacq.) Dum., Comm. 
Bot. 27. 1822. Based on Cynosurus 
siculus Jacq. The generic name spelled 
Demazeria; later (Obs. Gram. Be g. 46. 
1823) corrected to Desmazeria by 
Dumortier. 

Cynosurus siculus Jacq., Obs. Bot. 2: 22. 
pl. 43. 1767. Europe. 


(17) DIARRHENA Beauv. 


(1) Diarrhena americana Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 142. pl. 25. f. 2. 1812. Based on 
Festuca diandra Michx. 

Festuca diandra Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
67. 1803. Not F. diandra Moench., 
1794, ‘Kentucky, ‘Tennessee, etc.’ 
Michaux. 

Diarina festucoides Raf., Med. Repos. 
N. Y. 5: 352. 1808. Not Dviarrhena 
festucoides Raspail, 1825. Based on 
Festuca diandra Michx. 

Festuca americana Michx. ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 162. 1812. Name only. 

Korycarpus arundinaceus Zea ex Lag., 
Gen. et Sp. Nov. 4. 1816. America. 

Roemeria zeae Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 1:61, 287. 1817. Source unknown. 

Diarina sylvatica Raf., Jour. Phys. Chym. 
89: 104. 1819. Based on Festuca 
diandra Michx. 

Diarrhena diandra Wood, Class-book ed. 
2.612. 1847. Based on Festuca diandra 
Michx. 

Corycarpus diandrus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 772. 1891. Based on Festuca 
diandra Michx. 

Diarrhena festucoides Fernald, Rhodora 
34: 204. 1932. Not D. festucoides Ras- 


$54 
pail, 1825. Based on Diarina festucoides 
Raf. 


Diarrhena arundinacea Rydb., Fl. Prairie 
and Plains Centr. N. Amer. 114. 1932. 
peed on Korycarpus arundinaceus 

ea. 


(129) DIGITARIA Heister 


(17) Digitaria albicoma Swallen, 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 214. 7. 3. 
Brooksville, Fla., Swallen 5644. 

Digitaria decumbens Stent, Bothalia 3: 150. 
1930. Transvaal, South Africa, Pentz, 
Nat. Herb. Pretoria 8485. 

(11) Digitaria dolichophylla Henr., Blumea 
1:94, 19384. Florida, A. A. Eaton 459. 

(9) Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koel., Descr. 
Gram. 26. 1802. Based on Panicum 
filiforme L. 

Panicum filiforme L., Sp. Pl. 57. 
North America, Kalm. 

Paspalum filiforme Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 
139. 1810. Not P. filiforme Swartz, 
1788. Based on Panicum filiforme L. 

Paspalum furcatum var. filiforme Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 104. 1877. Based 
on Digitaria filiformis Muhl. (the same 
as Fliigge) but misapplied to a species 
of Axonopus. 

Syntherisma filiformis Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 420. 1895. Based on 
Panicum filiforme L. 

Digitaria laeviglumis Fernald, Rhodora 
22: 102. 1920. Manchester, N. H., 
Batchelder. 

(4) Digitaria floridana Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. Hernando 
County, Fla., Hitchcock Fla. Pl. 2517. 

Syntherisma floridanum Hitche. in Small, 
Man. Southeast. Fl. 51. 1933. Her- 
nando County, Fla. 

(12) Digitaria gracillima (Scribn.) Fernald, 
Rhodora 22: 101. 1920. Based on 
Panicum gracillimum Scribn. 

Panicum gracillimum Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 23: 146. 1896. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 1192. 

Syntherisma gracillima Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 295. 1898. Based on 
Panicum gracillimum Seribn. 

Syntherisma bakert Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 296. 1898. Grasmere, 
Fla., C. H. Baker 47. 

Digitaria bakert Fernald, Rhodora 22: 102. 
1920. Based on Syntherisma_ bakert 
Nash. 

(2) Digitaria horizontalis Willd., Enum. PI. 
92. 1809. Dominican Republic. 

Milium digitatum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Oce. 24. 1788. Not Digitaria digitata 
Buse, 1854. Jamaica. 

Agrostis digitata Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 1: 258. 1810. Not A. digitata 
Lam., 1783. Based on Miliwm digitatum 
Swartz. 

Azxzonopus digtiatus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
12, 154. 1812. Based on Milium digi- 


Wash. 
1940. 


1753. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


tatum Swartz. 

Panicum horizontale G. Meyer, Prim. FI. 
Esseq. 54. 1818. Based on Digitaria 
horizontalis Willd. 

Digitaria jamaicensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 272. 1825. Jamaica. 

Digitaria setosa Desv. ex Hamilt., Prodr. 
Pl. Ind. Occ. 6. 1825. West Indies. 

Paspalum digitatum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 24. 1829. Based on Milium digi- 
tatum Swartz. 

Panicum hamiltoniit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 9. 1830. Based on Digitaria setosa 
Desv. 

Syntherisma setosum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 300. 1898. Based on 
Digitaria setosa Desv. 

Digitaria sanguinalis var. horizontalis 
Rendle, Cat. Afr. Pl. Welw. 2: 163. 
1899. Based on D. horizontalis Willd. 

Panicum sanguinale var. digitatum Hack. 
ex Urban, Symb. Antill. 4: 86. 1903. 
Based on Milium digitatum Swartz. 

Panicum sanguinale subsp. horizontale 
Hack., Ergeb. Bot. Exped. Akad. Wiss. 
Siidbras. 8. 1906; Denkschr. Akad. 
Wiss. Math. Naturw. (Wien) 79: 69. 
1908. Based on Digitaria horizontalis 
Willd. 

Syntherisma digitatum Hitche., U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 12: 142. 1908. Based 
on Milium digitatum Swartz. 

Digitaria digitata Urban, Symb. Antill. 8: 
24: 1920. Not D. digitata Buse, 1854. 
Based on Milium digitatum Swartz. 

(83) Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Schreb. 
ex Muhl., Descr. Gram. 1381. 1817. 
Presumably based on Panicum tschae- 
mum Schreb. Name only, Muhl., Cat. 
Pl. 9. 1818. 

Panicum ischaemum Schreb. in Schweig- 
ger, Spec. Fl. Erland. 16. 1804. 
Germany. 

Digitaria humifusa Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 85. 
1805. France. 

Syntherisma glabrum Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 
163. pl. 3. f. 6. 1806. Germany. 

Panicum glabrum Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 
1: 22. 1811. Based on Syntherisma 
glabrum Schrad. (In Index Kewensis 
“Fill.” is erroneously given as author 
of P. glabrum.) 

Digitaria glabra Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 51. 
1812. Presumably based on Syntherisma 
glabrum Schrad. 

Paspalum humifusum Poir. in Lam., 
Encycl. Sup. 4: 316. 1816. Based on 
Digitaria humifusa Pers. 

Panicum humifusum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 33. 1829. Based on Digitaria humi- 
fusa Pers. 

Panicum phaeocarpum var. drummon- 
dianum Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 22. 1841. 
St. Louis, Mo., Drummond. 

Paspalum glabrum Wood, Amer. Bot. and 
Flor. pt. 2: 390. 1871. Not P. glabrum 
Poir., 1804. ““(Gaud.),’’ given in paren- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


theses by Wocd, doubtless refers to 
Panicum glabrum Gaudin. 

Paspalum glabrum Cassidy, Colo. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 12: 91. 1890. Not P. 
glabrum Poir., 1804. Colorado. 

Syntherisma humifusum Rydb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Mem. 1: 469. 1900. Based on 
Digitaria humifusa Pers. 

Syntherisma ischaemum Nash, N. Amer, 
Fl. 17: 151. 1912. Based on Panicum 
éschaemum Schreb. 

The name Panicum lineare L. (Syntheris- 
ma lineare Nash) has been used for Digitaria 
ischaemum, but the description does not 
apply (e.g. “calycis squama exterior brevior, 
patens, rachi adhaerens’’). It is probably 
Cynodon dactylon. 

DIGITARIA ISCHAEMUM Val. MISSISSIPPIENSIS 
(Gattinger) Fernald, Rhodora 22: 108. 
1920. Based on Panicum glabrum var. 
mississippiense Gattinger. 

Panicum glabrum var. mississippiense 
Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 95. 1887, name 
only, Nashville. Scribn., Tenn. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 7:39. 1894. Knoxville, 
Tenn. 

Panicum lineare var. mississippiense 
Gattinger ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer, 2: 
111. 1896. Presumably based on P. 
glabrum var. mississippiense Gattinger. 

Syntherisma linearis | mississippiensis 
Nash, Torrey Bot. Club. Bul. 25: 300. 
1898. Based on Panicum glabrum var. 
mississippiense Gattinger. 

(7) Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers., Syn. 
Pl. 1: 85. 1805. Based on Paspalum 
longiflorum Retz. 

Paspalum longiflorum Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 
15. 1786. India. 

Panicum longiflorum Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 
158. 1791. Presumably based on 
Paspalum longiflorum Retz. — 

Syntherisma longiflora Skeels, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 261: 30. 
1912. Based on Paspalum longiflorum 
Retz. 

(15) Digitaria pauciflora Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 162. 1928. Southern 
Fiorida, Eaton 207. 

Syntherisma pauciflorum Hitche. in Small, 
Man. Southeast. Fl. 51. 1933. South- 
ern Florida. [Eaton 207.] 

Digitaria pentzii Stent, Bothalia 3: 147. 
1930. Cape Province, South Africa. 
Pentz 8510. 

(14) Digitaria runyoni Hitche., Wash. Acad. 
Sci. Jour. 23: 455. 1933. Mouth of Rio 
Grande, near Brownsville, Tex., Run- 
yon 188. 

(1) Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., FI. 
Carn. ed. 2. 1: 52. 1772. Based on 
Panicum sanguinale L. 


Panicum sanguinale L., Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. 
America and southern Europe. 
Dactylon sanguinalis Vill., Hist. PI. 


Dauph. 2:69. 1787. Based on Panicum 
sanguinale L. 


855 

Syntherisma praecoxr Walt., Fl. Carol. 76. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Paspalum sanguinale Lam., Tabl. En- 
cycl. 1: 176. 1791. Based on Panicum 
sanguinale L. 

Digitaria praecox Willd., Enum. Pl. 91. 
1809. Based on Syntherisma praecox 
Walt. 

Panicum adscendens H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 97. 1815. Venezuela, Peru, 
and Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Cynodon praecox Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 2: 412. 1817. Based on Syntheris- 
ma praecox Walt. 

Digitaria marginata Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 
102. 1821. Brazil: 

Digitaria fimbriata Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
226. 1827. Brazil. 

Panicum fimbriatum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 38. 1829. Based on Digitaria fim- 
briata Link. 

Panicum linkianum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1:33. 1829. Based on Digitaria margi- 
nata Link. 

Syntherisma sanguinalis Dulac, Fl. Haut. 
Pyr. 77. 1867. Based on Panicum 
sanguinale L. 

Syntherisma fimbriatum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 302. 1898. Based on 
Digitaria fimbriata Link. 

Syntherisma marginatum Nash, N. Amer. 
Fl. 17: 154. 1912. Based on Digitaria 
marginata Link. 

Digitaria marginata var. fimbriata Stapf 
in Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 440. 1919. 
Based on D. fimbriata Link. 

Panicum sanguinale subsp. marginatum 
Thell., Vierteljahrs. Nat. Ges. Zurich 
64: 699. 1919. Based on Digitaria 
marginata Link. 

Digitaria sanguinalis var. marginata Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 22: 103. 1920. Based 
on D. marginata Link. 

Digitaria adscendens Henr., Blumea 1: 92. 
1934. Based on Panicum adscendens 
EA BaK. 

Digitaria nealleyi Henr., Blumea 1: 94. 
1934. Texas, Nealley in 1884. A dupli- 
cate of the type in the National Herbari- 
um is distorted by a fungus. Described 
as Synitherisma barbata (Willd.) Nash 
in Small’s Flora. 

DIGITARIA SANGUINALIS Val. CILIARIS (Retz.) 
Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 126. 1848. Based on 
Panicum ciliare Retz. 

Panicum ciliare Retz. Obs. Bot. 4: 16. 
1786. Asia. 

Digitaria sanguinalis subsp. ciliaris Do- 
min, Preslia 18/15: 47. 1935. Based on 
Panicum ciliare Retz. 

(6) Digitaria serotina (Walt.) Michx., Fl. 
Bor. Amer. 1: 46. 1803. Based on 
Syntherisma serotinum Walt. 

Syntherisma serotinum Walt., Fl. Carol. 
76. 1788. South Carolina. 

Paspalum serotinum Fliigge, Monogr. 
Pasp. 145. 1810. Based on Digitaria 
serotina Michx. 


856 


(8) Digitaria simpseni (Vasey) Fernald, 


Rhodora 22: 103. 1920. Based on 
Panicum sanguinale var. simpsont 
Vasey. 


Panicum sanguinale var. simpsoni Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:25. 1892. 
Manatee, Fla., Simpson. 

Panicum simpsoni Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 109. 1896. Based on Panicum 
sanguinale var. simpsont Vasey. 

Syntherisma stmpsoni Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 297. 1898. Based on 
Panicum sanguinale var. 

Vasey. 

Digitaria swazilandensis Stent, Bothalia 3: 
156. 1930. Swaziland, Africa. 

(16) Digitaria subcalva MHitche., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 21: 188. f. 4. 1934. Plant 
City, Fla., C. P. Wright. 

(13) Digitaria texana Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 162. 1928. Sarita, 
Tex., Hitchcock 5479. 

(10) Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Pers., Syn. 
Pl. 1: 85. 1805. Based on Syntherisma 
villosa Walt. 

Syntherisma villosa Walt., Fl. Carol. 77. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Digitaria pilosa Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
45. 1803. Carolina and Georgia, 
Michaux. Willdenow (Enum. Pl. 1: 
91. 1809) uses this name, doubtfully 
citing D. pilosa Michx. The description 
suggests that Willdenow’s plant, from 
Carolina, is also D. villosa. 

Paspalum carolinianum Poir. in Lam., 
Encycl. Sup. 4: 311. 1816. Carolina 
and Georgia, Bosc. 

Syntherisma leucocoma Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 295. 1898. Lake Ella, 
Fla., Nash 1155. 

Panicum leucocomum Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 7. (ed. 2): 58. 
1898. Based on Syntherisma leucocoma 
Nash. 

Digitaria leucocoma Urban, Symb. Antill. 
8: 24. 1920. Based on Syntherisma 
leucocoma Nash. 

Digitaria filiformis var. villosa Fernald, 
Rhodora 36: 19. 1934. Based on 
Syntherisma villosa Walt. 

(5) Digitaria violascens Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 229. 1827. Brazil. 

Panicum violascens Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
33. 1829. Based on Digitaria violascens 
Link. 

Paspalum chinense Nees in Hook. and 
Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 231. 1836. 
Macao, China. 

Syntherisma chinensis Hitche., U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 22: 468. 1922. Based on 
Paspalum chinense Nees. 

Digitaria chinensis A. Camus, Not. Syst. 
Lecomte 4: 48. 1928. Not D. chinensis 
Hornem., 1819. Based on Paspalum 
chinense Nees. 


simpsont 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(18) DISSANTHELIUM Trin. 


(1) Dissanthelium  californicum (Nutt.) 
Benth. in Hook. f., Icon. Pl. III. 4: 
56. pl. 1875. 1881. Based on Stenochloa 
californica Nutt. 
Stenochloa californica Nutt., Jour. Acad. 
Sci. Phila. II. 1: 189. 1848. Santa 
Catalina Island, Calif., Gambel. 


(21) DISTICHLIS Raf. 


(1) Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Calif. 
Acad. Sci. Bul. 2: 415. 1887. Based on 
Uniola spicaia L. 

Uniola spicata, Aa.,40ps BLP wi Age: 
Atlantic coast of North America. 

Briza spicata Lam., Encycl. 1: 465. 1785. 
Based on Uniola spicata L. 

?Festuca multiflora Walt., Fl. Carol. 81. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Festuca triticoides Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
191. 1791. Carolina, Fraser. 

Festuca distichophylla Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 67. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Uniola distichophylla Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 596. 1817. Based on 
Festuca distichophylla Michx. 

Distichlis maritima Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 104. 1819. Based on 
Uniola spicata L. 

Distichlis nodosa Raf., Jour. Phys. Chym. 
89: 104. 1819. Based on Festuca dis- 
tichophylla Michx. 

Brizopyrum americanum Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1: 160. 1827. Based on Uniola 
spicata L. 

Poa michauzii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 111. 
1829. Based on Festuca distichophylla 
Michx. 

Brizopyrum boreale Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
280. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Poa borealis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: Sup. 
28. 1830. Based on Brizopyrum boreale. 
Presl. 

Festuca triticea Lam. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 
1: 325. 1833, as synonym of Poa 
michauxit Kunth. (Probably error for 
F. triticoides Lam.) 

Brizopyrum spicatum Hook. and Arn., 
Bot. Beechey Voy. 403. 1841. Based 
on Uniola spicata L. 

Distichlis spicata var. borealis Beetle, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 70: 643. f. 1. 
1943. Based on Brizopyrum boreale 
Presl. 

Distichlis spicata var. stolonifera Beetle, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 70: 644. f. 4, 7, 
12. 1943. Ferndale, Humboldt County, 
Calif., Davy and Blasdale 6202 (pistil- 
late); Arcata, Humboldt County, Calif., 
Davy and Blasdale 5604 (staminate). 

Distichlis spicata var. divaricata Beetle, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 70: 647. f. 10. 
1948. Salton, Calif., Davy in 1902. 

Distichlis spicata var. distichophylla Beetle, 
Rhodora 47: 148. 1945. Based on 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Uniola distichophylla Roem. and 
Schult., this based on Festuca disticho- 
phylla Michx. 

DISTICHLIS SPICATA var. NANA Beetle, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 70: 647. f. 3, 9. 
1943. Whitaker Forest, Tulare County, 
Calif., Kennedy in 1928. 

(2) Distichlis stricta (Torr.) Rydb., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 32: 602. 1905. Based 
on Uniola stricta Torr. 

Festuca spicata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 72. 
1818. Not F. spicata Pursh, 1814. 
“On the banks of the Missouri.” 

Uniola stricta Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 1: 
155. 1824. Canadian River [Okla.]. 

Uniola multiflora Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soe. 
Trans. (n.s.) 5: 148. 1837. Arkansas 
River, Nuttall. 

Uniola flexuosa Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 99. 1862. Fort 
Belknap, Tex., Buckley. 

Brizopyrum spicatum var. strictum A. 
Gray ex 8. Wats., in King, Geol. Expl. 
40th Par. 5: 385. 1871. Based on 
Uniola stricta Torr. 

Distichlis maritima var. stricta Thurb., in 
S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 306. 1880. 
Based on Uniola stricta Torr. 

Distichlis spicata stricta Seribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5:51. 1894. Based on 
Uniola stricta Torr. 

Distichlis spicata var. laxa Vasey ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 519. 1896. Lake 
Park, Utah, Tracy in 1887. 

Distichlis dentata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 536. 1909. Washington, Sand- 
berg and Leiberg 463. (Pistillate plant.) 

Distichlis stricta var. laxa Fawcett and 
West ex Munz, Man. South. Calif. 
Bot. 52, 597. 1935. Based on D. 
spicata var. laxa Vasey. 

Distichlis spicata var. stricta Beetle, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 70: 645. f. 2, 6, 11, 
13. 1948. Based on “Brizopyrum 
spicatum var. strictum A. Gray; S. 
Wats.,” this based on Uniola stricta 
Torr. 

(3) Distichlis texana (Vasey) Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 16: 2. 
1899. Based on Poa texana Vasey. 

Poa texana Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Con- 
trib. 1: 60. 1890. Region of Rio 
Grande, Tex., Nealley. 

Sieglingia wrightii Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 269. 1893. Valley 
of the Limpio, Tex., Wright 2038. 


(141) ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. 


(2) Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hort. 
Berol. 2: 209. 1833. Based on Panicum 
colonum L. 

Panicum colonum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
870. 1759. Jamaica, Browne. 

Milium colonum Moench, Meth. Pl. 202. 
1794. Based on Panicum colonum L. 


S57 


Oplismenus colonum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 108. 1815. Based on Panicum 
colonum L. 

Panicum zonale Guss., Fl. Sic. Prodr. 1: 
62. 1827. Sicily. 

Oplismenus repens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
321. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Oplismenus colonum var. zonalis Schrad., 
Linnaea 12: 429. 1838. Based on 
Panicum zonale Guss. 

Panicum incertum Bose ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 258. 1841. Name only. 
Carolina. 

Echinochloa zonalis Parl., Fl. Panorm. 1: 
119. 1845. Based on Panicum zonale 
Guss. 

Panicum prorepens Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 46. 1854. Based on Oplismenus 
repens Presl. 

Oplismenus crusgallt var. colonum Coss. 
and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2:28. 1854. 
Based on Panicum colonum L. 

Panicum colonum var. zonale L. H. Dewey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 502. 1894. 
Based on P. zonale Guss. 

Echinochloa colonum var. zonalis Woot. 
and Standl., N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 
45. 1912. Based on Panicum zonale 
Guss. 

Echinochloa crusgalli subsp. colonum 
Honda, Bot. Mag. [Tokyo] 37: 122. 
1923. Based on Panicum colonum L. 

Panicum crusgalli subsp. colonum Makino 
and Nemoto, Fl. Jap. 1470. 1925. 
Based on P. colonum L. 

(3) Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 53, 161. 1812. Based on 
Panicum crusgalli L. 

Panicum crusgalli L., Sp. Pl. 56. 1758. 
Europe; Virginia. 

Milium crusgallt Moench, Meth. Pl. 202. 
1794. Based on Panicum crusgalli L. 

Panicum grossum Salisb., Prod. Stirp. 18. 
1796. Based on P. crusgalli L. 

Panicum muricatum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 47. 1808. Not P. muricatum 
Retz., 1786. Canada, Lake Champlain 
[type] and Lake Ontario, Michaux. 

?Panicum echinatumWilld., Enum.PIl. i032. 
1809. ‘“‘America meridionali.’”’ Wiegand 
(Rhodora 23: 60. 1921) takes up this 
name for Echinochloa crus-pavonis. The 
specimen in the Willdenow Herbarium 
named P. echinatum (Magdalena, Co- 
lombia, Humboldt) is Pseudechinolaena 
polystachya (H. B. K.) Stapf. The brief 
description does not apply to the speci- 
men so named nor to EH. crus-pavonis. 
Willdenow differentiates the species 
from P. crusgalli (with “glumis aristatis 
hispidis”) by “glumis aristatus muri- 
cato-echinatus,’”’ whereas in EH. crus-pa- 
vonis the glumes are less muricate than 
in #. crusgalli. 

Setaria muricata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 51, 
170, 178. 1812. Based on Panicum 
muricatum Michx. 


558 


? Echinochloa echinata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
53, 161, 169. 1812. Based on Panicum 
echinatum Willd. 

Panicum crusgalli var. aristatum Pursh, 

Amer. Sept. 66. 1814. North 
America. 

Panicum pungens Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 4: 273. 1816. Based on P. muri- 
catum Michx. 

Pennisetum crusgalli 
Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277. 
on Panicum crusgalli L. 

Echinochloa crusgalli var. aristata 8. F. 
Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2:158. 1821. 
Great Britain. 

Oplismenus crusgalli Dum., Obs. Gram. 
Belg. 138. 1823. Based on Panicum 
crusgalli L. 

?Orthopogon echinatus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 307. 1825. Based on Panicuin 
echinatum Willd. 

Orthopogon crusgalli Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
307. 1825. Based on Panicum crus- 
gallt L. 

Oplismenus muricatus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 44. 1829. Based on Panicum muri- 
catum Michx. 

?Oplismenus echinatus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 45. 1829. Based on Panicum echi- 
natum Willd. 

? Panicum crusgalli var. echinatum Doellin 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 143. 1877. Based 
on P. echinatum Willd. 

Echinochloa muricata Fernald, Rhodora 
17: 106. 1915. Based on Panicum 
muricatum Michx. 

Echinochloa crusgalli forma viitata Hubb., 
Rhodora 18: 232. 1916. New Bruns- 
wick, Hubbard 7638. 

Echinochloa crusgalli var. muricata Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 350. 
1920. Based on Panicum muricatum 
Michx, 

Echinochloa crusgalli var. michauxit 
House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 243-244: 
42. 1923. Based on Panicum muri- 
catum Michx. 

Echinochloa pungens Rydb., Brittonia 1: 
81. 1931. Based on Panicum pungens 
Poir. 

Echinochloa pungens var. coarctata Fern. 
and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 136. pl. 336. 
f. 1, 2. 1935. Pungo Ferry, Va., Fer- 
nald and Griscom 2760. 

ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI Var. FRUMENTACEA 
(Roxb.) W. F. Wight, Cent. Dict. Sup. 
810. 1909. Presumably based on Pani- 
cum frumentaceum Roxb. (Published as 
EL. crusgalli frumentacea.) 

Panicum frumentaceum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 
307. 1820. Not P. frumentaceum 
Salisb., 1796. India. 

Echinochloa frumentacea Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1:204. 1827. Based on Panicum 
frumentaceum Roxb. 

Oplismenus frumentaceus Kunth, Rév. 


Baumg., Enum. 
1816. Based 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Gram. 1: 445. 1829. Based on Pani- 
cum frumentaceum Roxb. 

Panicum crusgalli var. frumentaceum 
Trimen, Syst. Cat. Ceylon Pl. 104. 
1885. Based on P. frumentaceum Roxb. 

Echinochloa crusgalli edulis Hitche., U. 8S. 
Dept. Agr. Bul. 772: 238. 1920. Based 
on Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. 

Echinochloa crusgalli subsp. colonum var. 
edulis Honda, Bot. Mag. [Tokyo] 37:123. 
1923. Based on £. crusgalli var. edulis 
Hitche. 

Echinochloa colonum var. frumentacea 
Ridl., Fl. Malay Pen. 5: 223. 1925. 
Presumably based on Panicum frumen- 
taceum Roxb. 

Panicum crusgalli subsp. colonum var. 
edulis Makino and Nemoto, Fl. Jap. 
1470. 1925. Based on P. frumenta- 
ceum Roxb. 

EcHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI var. MITIS (Pursh) 
Peterm., Fl. Lips. 82. 1838. Based on 
Panicum crusgalli var. mite Pursh. 

Panicum crusgalli var. mite Pursh, FI. 
Amer. Sept. 66. 1814. North America. 

Panicum crusgalli var. purpureum Pursh, 
Fl. Amer. Sept. 66. 1814. North 
America. 

Panicum crusgalli var. muticum Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 114. 1816. Probably 
South Carolina. 

Panicum scindens Nees ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 47. 1854. St. Louis 
[Drummond]. 

Oplismenus crusgalli var. muticus Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 393. 1871. 
Eastern States. 

Panicum crusgalli a normale var. mite 
forma hispidum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 788. 1891. Pennsylvania. 

Echinochloa crusgalli var. mutica Rydb., 
Colo. Agr. Col. Bul. 100: 21. 1906. 
Presumably based on Panicum crusgalli 
var. muticum Ell. 

Echinochloa crusgalli forma purpurea Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 349. 
1920. Based on Panicum crusgalli var. 
purpureum Pursh. 

Echinochloa zelayensis var. macera Wie- 
gand, Rhodora 23: 54. 1921. Mata- 
moros, Mexico, Berlandzer 890. 


Echinochloa muricata var. ludoviciana 
Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 58. 1921. 
Baton Rouge, La., Billings 14. 

Echinochloa muricata var. occidentalis 
Wiegand, Khodora 23: 58. 1921. 


Grand Tower, Ill., Gleason 1720. (See 
E. pungens var. wiegandii below.) 

Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya 
Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 58. 1921. Ca- 
yuga Lake Basin, N. Y., Palmer 97. 

Echinochloa muricata var. multiflora 
Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 59. 1921. Lin- 
coln County, Okla., Blankenship. 

Echinochloa microstachya Rydb., Brit- 
tonia 1: 82. 1931. Based on HE. muri- 
cata var. microstachya Wiegand. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Echinochloa occidentalis Rydb., Brittonia 
1:82. 1931. Based on EL. muricata var. 
occidentalis Wiegand. 

Echinochloa pungens var. ludoviciana 
Fern. and Grise., Rhodora 37: 137. 
1935. Based on EH. muricata var. ludo- 
viciana Wiegand. 

Echinochloa pungens var. macrostachya 
Fern. and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 137. 
1935. Based on HE. muricata var. micro- 
stachya Wiegand. 

Echinochloa pungens var. multiflora Fern. 


and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 137. 1935. 
Based on EH. muricata var. multiflora 
Wiegand. 

Echinochloa pungens var. occidentalis 


Rhodora 37: 1387. 
muricata var. occi- 


Fern. and Grisc., 
1935. Based on ZH. 
dentalis Wiegand. 

Echinochloa pungens var. wiegandii Fas- 
sett, Rhodora 51: 2. 1949. Based on 
the description of H. muricata var. 
occidentalis Wieg., but excluding the 
cited type, Gleason 1720. 

ECHINOCHLOA CRUSGALLI var. ZELAYENSIS 
(H. B. K.) Hitche., U. 8. Dept. Agr. 
Bul. 772: 238. 1920. Based on Oplis- 
menus zelayensis H. B. K. (Published 
as H. crusgallr zelayensis.) 

Oplismenus zelayensis H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 108. 1815. Zelaya, Mexico, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Echinochloa zelayensis Schult., Mantissa 
2: 269. 1824. Based on Oplismenus 
zelayensis H. B. K. 

Panicum zelayense Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2.2:265. 1841. Based on Oplismenus 
zelayensis H. B. K. 

Panicum crus-pici Willd. ex Doell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 143. 1877. Name 
only. South America. 

?Panicum crusgalli a normale var. pyg- 
maeum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 
1891. Colorado. 

Echinochloa crusgalli forma zelayensis 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 26: 4. 
1941, Based on Oplusmenus zelayensis 
ie Byik. 

(4) Echinochloa crus-pavonis (H. B. K.) 
Schult., Mantissa 2: 269. 1824. Based 
on Oplismenus crus-pavonis H. B. K. 

Oplismenus crus-pavonis H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 108. 1815. Cumand, 
Venezuela, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Panicum crusgalli var. sabulicolum Trin., 
Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 163. 1828. Brasil. 

Panicum sabulicola Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
258. 1829. Parad, Brazil, Sieber; Uru- 
guay and Paraguay. 

Panicum crus-pavonis Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
259. 1829. Based on Oplismenus Crus- 
pavonis H. B. K. 

Echinochloa composita Presl ex Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 259. 1829, as synonym 
of Panicum crus-pavonis Nees. Aca- 
pulco, Mexico, Haenke. 

Oplismenus sabulicola Kunth, Rev. Gram. 


859 


1: Sup. 11, 1830. Based on Panicum 
sabulicola Nees. 

Panicum aristatum Macfad., Bot. Misc. 
Hook. 2: 115. 1831. Jamaica, [Mac- 
fadden). 

Oplismenus jamaicensis Kunth, Enum. Pl. 
1: 147. 1833. Based on Panicum aris- 
tatum Macfad. 

Panicum jamaicense Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 257. 1841. Based on Oplis- 
menus jamaicensis Kunth. 

Panicum crusgalli var. sabulicola Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 142. 1877. Based 
on P. sabulicola Nees. 

Oplismenus angustifolius Fourn., Mex. Pl. 


2: 40. 1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
Gouin 54 [error for 50]. 
Echinochloa sabulicola Hitche., U. S. 


Natl. Herb. Contrib. 17: 257. 1913. 
Based on Panicum sabulicola Nees. 

Echinochloa crusgalli crus-pavonis Hitche., 
U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 148. 
1920. Based on Oplismenus crus-pavonis 
BK 

Echinochloa crusgalli forma sabulonum 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 349. 
1920. Based on “Panicum crusgallt var. 
sabulonum Trin.,” error for var. sabuli- 
colum Trin. 

Echinochloa zelayensis var. 
Wiegand, Rhodora 28: 54. 
Pierce, Texas, Tracy 7748. 

(5) Echinochloa paludigena Wiegand, Rho- 
dora 23:64. 1921. Hillsborough Coun- 
ty, Fla., Fredholm 6390. 

Echinochloa paludigena var. soluta Wie- 
gand, Rhodora 23: 64. 1921. Manatee, 
Fla., Tracy 7754. 

(1) Echinochloa polystachya (H. B. K.) 
Hitche., U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 
135. 1920. Based on Oplismenus poly- 
stachyus H. B. K. 

Oplismenus polystachyus H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 107. 1815. Colombia, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

(6) Echinochioa walteri (Pursh) Heller, Cat. 
N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2.21. 1900. Based on 
Panicum waltert Pursh. 

Panicum hirtellum Walt., Fl. Carol. 72. 
1788. Not P. hirtellum L., 1759. South 
Carolina. 

Panicum walteri Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 
66. 1814. Based on P. hirtellum 
Walter. 

Panicum crusgalli var. hispidum Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga.1: 114. 1816. Based on 
P, hispidum Muhl., in manuscript. 

Panicum hispidum Muhl., Deser. Gram. 
107. 1817. Not P. hispidum Forst., 
1786. New York to Carolina. Name 
only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 9. 1813. 

Orthopogon hispidus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 307. 1825. Based on Panicum his- 
pidum Muh. 

Oplismenus hispidus Wood, Class-book 
ed. 2. 604. 1847. Based on Panicum 
hispidum Muhl. 


subaristata 
1921. 


860 


Oplismenus crusgalli var. hispidus Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 398. 1871. 
Presumably based on Panicum hispi- 
dum Muhl. 

Echinochloa longearistata Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 84. 1903. Louisi- 
ana, Hale. 

Panicum crusgallt var. waltert Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 202. 1904. 
Based on P. walteri Pursh. 

Echinochloa crusgalli var. hispida Farwell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 9: 4. 1925. Based on 
Panicum hispidum Muhl. 

Echinochloa walteri forma breviseta Fern. 
and Grisc., Rhodora 37: 137. 1935. 
North Landing, Norfolk County, Va., 
Fernald and Griscom 2761. 

EcHINOCHLOA WALTERI forma LAEVIGATA 
Wiegand, Rhodora 23:62. 1921. Based 
on Panicum longisetum Torr. 

Panicum longisetum Torr., Amer. Jour. 
Sci. 4: 58. 1822. Not P. longisetum 
Poir., 1816. Fox River, Wis. [Douglas 
in 1820]. 

Oplismenus longisetus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 45. 1829. Based on Panicum longi- 
setum Torr. 

Echinochloa crusgalli var. hispida subvar. 
laevigata Farwell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 9: 
4. 1925. Based on E. walter: forma 
laevigata Wiegand. 


(382A) ECTOSPERMA Swallen 
(1) Ectosperma alexandrae Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 40:19f.1. 1950. Inyo 
County, Calif., Alexander and Kellogg 
5655. 
EHRHARTA Thunb. 


Ehrharta calycina J. E. Smith, Pl. Icon. 
Ined. pl. 33. 1790. Cape of Good 
Hope, Africa. 

Ehrharta capensis Thunb., Svensk. Akad. 
Handl. 40: 217. pl. 8. 1779. Cape of 
Good Hope, Africa. 

Ehrharta erecta Lam., Encyci. 2: 347. 
1786. South Africa. 


(109) ELEUSINE Gaertn. 


Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. et 
Sem. 1: 8. pl. 1. 1788. Based on 
Cynosurus coracanus L. 

Cynosurus coracanus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 875. 1759. East Indies. 

(1) Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. et 
Sem. 1: 8. 1788..Based on Cynosurus 
indicus L. 

Cynosurus indicus L., Sp. Pl. 72. 1753. 
India. 

Eleusine gracilis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 19. 
1796. Based on Cynosurus indicus L. 

Eleusine domingensis Sieber ex Schult., 
Mantissa 2: 323. 1824. Not E£. domin- 
gensis Pers., 1805. As synonym of E. 
indica Lam. (error for Gaertn.). 

Cynodon indicus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on Eleusine 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


indica Lam. (error for Gaertn.). 

Chloris repens Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 
353. 1840, as synonym of Eleusine 
indica Pers. (error for Gaertn.). 

Eleusine scabra Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. 
Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 565. 1885, name 
only; Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 145. 1886. 
Mexico, Bourgeau 1030, 2378 in part, 
2634, 2743; Virlet 1485; Bilimek 454; 
Miller 1392; Gouin 67. 

Eleusine indica var. major Fourn., Mex. 
Pl]. 2: 145. 1886. Mexico, Liebmann 
222, 223, 227; Karwinsky 955. 

Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., Tabl. 
Encyl. 1: 203. 1791. Based on Cyno- 
surus tristachyus Lam. 

Cynosurus tristachyus Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 
2: 188. 1786. Uruguay, Commerson. 


(46) ELYMUS L. 


(11) Elymus ambiguus Vasey and Scribn., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 280. 
1893. Pen Gulch, Colo., Vasey in 1884. 

ELYMUS AMBIGUUS var. STRIGOSUS (Rydb.) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 133. 
1934. Based on E. strigosus Rydb. 

Elymus strigosus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 609. 1905. Boulder, Colo., 
Letterman 553 [type]; Wyoming, 4. 
Nelson 7151. 

Elymus villiflorus Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 609. 1905. Boulder, 
Colo., Tweedy 4818. 

(5) Elymus arenicola Scribn. and Smith, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 
9:7. 1899. Suferts, Oreg., Leckenby in 
1898. 

Leymus arenicola Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 74: 
6. 1945. Based on Elymus arenicola 
Scribn. and Smith. 

(19) Elymus aristatus Merr., Rhodora 4: 


147. 1902. Harney County, Oreg., 
Cusick 2712. ‘ 
Elymus glaucus aristatus Hitche. in 
Abrams, Illustr. Fl. 1: 252. 1928. 


Based on ZL. aristatus Merr. 
(22) Elymus canadensis L., Sp. Pl. 83. 
1753. Canada, Kalm. 

Elymus philadelphicus L., Cent. Pl. 1: 6. 
1755; Amoen. Acad. 4: 266. 1759. 
Pennsylvania, Kalm. 

Hordeum patulum Moench, Meth. PI. 199. 
1794. Garden plant, Elymus canadensis 
L., cited as synonym. : 

Elymus glaucifolius Muhl. in Willd., 
Enum. Pl. 1:131. 1809. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. 

Elymus canadensis var. glaucifolius Torr., 
Fl. North. and Mid. U.S. 1: 137. 1823. 
Based on ZL. glaucifolius Muhl. 

Elymus canadensis var. pendulus Eaton 
and Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 2382. 
1840. No locality cited. 

Sitanion brodiei Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 
1899. Bishop’s Bar, Snake River, 
Wash., Brodie in 1895. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES 


Hordeum canadense Aschers. and Graebn., 
Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 745. 1902. 
Based on Hlymus canadensis L. 

Terrellia canadensis Lunell, Amer. Mid}. 
Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based on Elymus 
canadensis L. 

Terrellia canadensis var. glaucifolia Lu- 
nell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 228. 1915. 
Based on Elymus glaucifolius Muhl. 

Elymus robustus var. vestitus Wiegand, 
Rhodora 20: 90. 1918. Cedar Point, 
Ohio, MacDaniels 106. 

Hiymus canadensis var. philadelphicus 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 357. 
1920. Based on H. philadelphicus L. 

Klymus philadelphicus var. hirsutus Far- 
well, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 314. 1927. 
Name proposed for EH. canadensis as 
described by Wiegand (Rhodora 20: 87. 
1918) “‘in large part.” 

Elymus philadelphicus var. pendulus Far- 
well, Amer. Mid]. Nat. 10: 314. 1927. 
Based on E. canadensis var. pendulus 
Eaton and Wright. 

Clinelymus canadensis Nevski, Jard. Bot. 
Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 650. 
1932. Based on Hlymus canadensis L. 

Klymus canadensis forma glaucifolius 
Fernald, Rhodora 35: 191. 1933. 
Based on E. glaucifolius Muhl. 

Klymus wiegandii Fernald, Rhodora 35: 
ee 1933. St. Francis, Maine, Fernald 
197. 

Elymus wiegandii forma calvescens Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 35: 192. 19338. Dead 
River, Maine, Fernald and Strong in 
1896. 

ELYMUS CANADENSIS var. BRACHYSTACHYS 
(Scribn. and Ball) Farwell, Mich. Acad. 
Sci. Rpt. 21: 357. 1920. Based on #£. 
brachystachys Scribn. and Ball. 

Elymus brachystachys Scribn. and Ball, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
47. f. 21. 1901. Indian Territory 
[Oklahoma], Palmer 420. 

Elymus philadelphicus var. brachystachys 
Farwell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 314. 
1927. Based on E. brachystachys Seribn. 
and Ball. 

ELYMUS CANADENSIS var. ROBUSTUS (Scribn. 
and Smith) Mackenz. and Bush, Man. 
Fl. Jackson County 38. 1902. Based 
on E. robustus Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus canadensis forma crescendus Ram- 
aley, Minn. Bot. Studies 1:114. 1894. 
Springfield, Minn., Sheldon 1120. 

Elymus robustus Scribn. and Smith, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 37. 
1897. Illinois [type, Wolf], Iowa, 
Kansas, and Montana. 

Elymus crescendus Wheeler, Minn. Bot. 
Studies 3: 106. 1903. Based on HE. 
canadensis forma crescendus Ramaley. 

Elymus canadensis villosus Bates, Amer. 
Bot. 20: 17. 1914. Loup City and 
Arcadia, Nebr., Bates in 1911. 

Elymus glauctfolius crescendus Bush, 


Sol 


1926. Based 
crescendus 


OF THE UNITED STATES 


Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 83. 
on iH. canadensis forma 
Ramaley. 

Elymus glauctfolius robustus Bush, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 10: 87. 1926. Based on #. 
robustus Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus philadelphicus var. robustus Far- 
well, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 314. 1927. 
Based on F. robustus Scribn. and Smith. 

(1) Elymus caput-medusae L., Sp. Pl. 84. 
1753. Southern Europe. 

Hordeum caput-medusae Coss. and Dur., 
Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 198. 1855. Based 
on Elymus caput-medusae L. 

Taeniatherum caput-medusae Nevski, Act. 
Univ. Asiae Med. VIII b. Bot. 17: 38. 
1934. Based on Elymus caput-medusae 
L. 

(14) Elymus cinereus Scribn. and Merr., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 29: 467. 1902. 
Pahrump Valley, Nev., Purpus 6050. 

Elymus condensaius var. pubens Piper, 
Erythea 7: 101. 1899. Yakima City, 
Wash., Piper 2591. (Published as £. 
condensatus pubens.) 

Elymus condensatus forma pubens St. 
John, Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. 
Idaho 42. 1937. Based on EH. conden- 
satus var. pubens Piper. 

(13) Elymus condensatus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 265. 1830. Monterey, Calif. Haenke. 

Aneurolepidium condensatum  Nevski, 
Akad. Nauk. S.'S8..8.-R. Bot. Inst. 
Trudy I. (Acad. Sci.. U: R..S.S. Inst. 
Bot. Acta I, Flora et Syst. Plant. Vasc.) 
1: 14. 1933. Based on Hlymus con- 
densatus Presl. 

(4) Elymus flavescens Scribn. and Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 8: 
8. f. 1. 1897. Columbus, Wash., 
Suksdorf 916. 

Leymus flavescens Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 74: 
6. 1945. Based on Elymus flavescens 
Scribn. and Smith. 

Elymus giganteus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 10. 
1794, Old World. 

Leymus giganteus Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 74: 
6. 1945. Based on Elymus giganteus 
Vahl. 

(15) Elymus glaucus Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 99. 1862. 
Columbia River, Oreg., Nuttall. 

Elymus villosus var. glabriusculus Torr., 
U. S. Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 157. 
1857. Napa Valley, Calif. 

Elymus nitidus Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 13: 120. 1886. Eagle Mountains, 
Oreg., Cusick [1130]. 

Elymus americanus Vasey and Scribn. ex 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 245. 1888, 
name only; Cassidy, Colo. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 12:57, 1890. Arapahoe Pass, 
Colo. 

Elymus sibiricus var. americanus Wats. 
and Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 
673. 1890. Michigan and westward. 

Elymus sibiricus var. glaucus Ramaley, 


862 


Minn. Bot. Studies 9: 
Based on £. glaucus Buckl. 

Elymus glaucus var. breviaristatus Davy in 
Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 79. 1901. 
Point Reyes, Calif, Davy. 

Elymus glaucus var. maximus Davy in 
Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 79. 1901. 
Napa Valley, Calif., Jepson. 

Elymus hispidulus Davy in Jepson, FI. 
West. Mid. Calif. 79. 1901. Olema, 
Calif., Davy 4806b. 

Elymus angustifolius Davy in Jepson, FI. 
West. Mid. Calif. 80. 1901. San Fran- 
cisco, Calif., Davy. 

Elymus angustifolius var. caespttosus 
Davy in Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 
81. 1901. Berkeley Hills, Calif., Davy 
4255. 

Elymus marginalis Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 36: 539. 1909. Lower Arrow 
Lake, British Columbia, Macoun 44. 

Terrellia glauca Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4:228. 1915. Based on Elymus -glaucus 
Buckl. 

Elymus mackenzii Bush, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
10: 53. - 1926. Eagle Rock, Mo., Bush 
ai. 

Clinelymus glaucus Nevski, Jard. Bot. 
Acad. Sci. U. R. S. 8. Bul. 30: 648. 
1932. Based on Elymus glaucus Buckl. 

Clinelymus glaucus subsp. californicus 
Nevski, Jard. Bot. Acad. Sci. U. R.S.S. 
Bul. 30: 649. 1932. California, Heller 
5714-a, first of several cited from 
California. 

Clinelymus glaucus subsp. _ coloratus 
Nevski, Jard. Bot. Acad. Sci. U. R.S.8. 
Bul. 30: 648. 1932. Washington, Hel- 
ler 3965. 

ELYMUS GLAUCUS var. JEPSONI Davy in Jep- 
son, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 79. 1901. 
Napa Valley, Calif., Jepson. 

Elymus divergens Davy in Jepson, FI. 
Vest. Mid. Calif. 80. 1901. Petaluma, 
Calif., Davy 4037. 

Elymus velutinus Scribn. and Merr., Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 29: 466. 1902. San 
Bernardino Mountains, Calif., Abrams 
2056. . 

Elymus parishii Davy and Merr., Calif. 
Univ. Pubs., Bot. 1: 58. 1902. San 
Jacinto Mountains, Calif., Hall 2097. 

Elymus edentatus Suksdorf, Werdenda 1?: 
4. 1923. Bingen, Wash., Suksdorf 
10057. : 

Clinelymus glaucus subsp. californicus var. 
pubescens Nevski, Jard. Bot. Acad. Sci. 
U. R. 8. 8. Bul. 30: 649. 1932. Cali- 
fornia, Tiling 8822; Palmer 417. 

Clinelymus velutinus Nevski, Jard. Bot. 
Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 649. 
1932. Based on Elymus velutinus Scribn. 
and Merr. 

Elymus glaucus forma jepsoni St. John, 
Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 
42. 1937. Based on E. glaucus var. 
jepsoni Davy. 


112. 1894. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Elymus glaucus subsp. jepsoni Gould, 
Madrofio 9: 126. 1947. Based on EZ. 
glaucus var. jepsoni Davy. 

ELYMUS GLAUCUS var. TENUIS Vasey, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 280. 1893. 
“Type specimen collected by John Macoun 
on Vancouver Island in 1887 (No. 3)’”’ com- 
prises two forms, all Macoun’s No. 3. One 
specimen is a small form of E. glaucus var. 
jepsoni; the others have spikes with fragile 
rachises, spikelets with 5- to 6-nerved glumes 
and lemmas with divergent awns and appar- 
ently represent a form not found in the 
United States. There is another Macoun 
specimen upon which Vasey has written the 
varietal name tenuis, this specimen having 
glabrous sheaths and divergent awns. The 
description states that the sheaths are gla- 
brous or pubescent and that the awns are 
divergent. Hence the plant of number 3 with 
divergent awns is selected as the type of ZL. 
glaucus var. tenuis, and the name is excluded 
from our flora. 

(17) Elymus hirsutus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
264. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Elymus ciliatus Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 57. pl. 16. 1898. 
Not £. ciliatus Muhl., 1817. Sitka, - 
Alaska, Evans 210. 

Elymus borealis Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 9. 1900. Based 
on E. ciliatus Scribn. 

Clinelymus borealis Nevski, Jard. Bot. 
Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 645. 
1932. Based on Elymus borealis Scribn. 

(7) Elymus hirtiflorus Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 21: 182. f. 2. 1934. Green River, 
Wyo., Shear 284. 

(6) Elymus innovatus Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 650. 1896. North Fork Sims 
River, Mont., Williams in 1887. 

Elymus mollis R. Br. in Richards., Bot. 
App. Franklin Jour. 732. 1823. Not £. 
mollis Trin., 1821. Canada [Richardson]. 

Elymus brownii Scribn. and Smith, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 8: 7. pl. 4. 
1897. Banff, Alberta, Canby 24 in 1895. 

Leymus innovatus Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 74: 
6. 1945. Based on Elymus innovatus 
Beal. 

(21) Elymus interruptus Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862:99. 1862. Llano 
County, Tex., Buckley. 

Elymus occidentalis Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 13: 49. 1898. 
Laramie River, Wyo., Nelson 4470. 

Elymus diversiglumis Scribn. and Ball, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
48. f, 22, 1901. Bear Lodge Moun- 
tains, Wyo., Williams 2658. 

Terrellia diversiglumis Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based on Elymus 
diversiglumis Scribn. and Ball. 

(18) Elymus macounii Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 119. 1886. Great Plains 
of British Columbia, MWacoun. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Terrelia macouniit Lunell, Amer. Mid}. 
Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based on Llymus 
macouni Vasey. 

(2) Elymus mollis Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2: 72. 1821. Kamchatka and the 
Aleutian Islands. 

Elymus dives Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 265. 
1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, 
Haenke. 

Elymus arenarius var. villosus E. Meyer, 
Pl. Labrad. 20. 1830. Labrador. 

Elymus ampliculmis Provancher, FI. 
Canad. 2: 706. 1862. Canada. 

Elymus capitatus Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 55. pl. 14. 
1898. Homer, Alaska, Evans 471. Ab- 
normal form. 

Elymus mollis brevispicus Scribn. and 
Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 11: 56. 1898. St. Lawrence Bay, 
Siberia. 

Elymus villosissimus Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 326. f. 622. 
1899. St. Paul Island, Macoun 16226. 

Elymus arenarius forma compositus Abro- 
meit, Bibl. Bot. 8: heft 42: 96. 1899. 
Greenland. 

Elymus arenarius var. mollis Koidzumi, 
Tokyo Imp. Univ., Col. Sci. Jour. 27: 
24. 1910. Based on FE. mollis Trin. 

Elymus arenarius var. compositus St. 
John, Rhodora 17: 102. 1915. Based on 
E. arenarius forma compositus Abro- 
meit. 

Leymus mollis Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 74: 6. 
1945. Based on Elymus mollis Trin. 

(9) Elymus pacificus Gould, Madrofio 9: 
127. 1947. Based on Agropyron areni- 
cola Davy, not Elymus arenicola 
Seribn. and Smith. 

Agropyron arenicola Davy in Jepson, FI. 
West. Mid. Calif. 76. 1901. Point 
Reyes, Calif., Davy 6879. 

(23) Elymus riparius Wiegand, Rhodora 
20:84. 1918. Ithaca, N. Y., Hames and 
MacDaniels 3567. 

(12) Elymus salinus Jones, Calif. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. II. 5: 725. 1895. Salina 
Pass, Utah, Jones 5447. The name is 
spelled “salina” in the text, but 
“Salinus” in Jones’ index; salina was 
doubtless a slip of the pen. 

(10) Elymus simplex Scribn. and Williams, 
U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
11: 57. pl. 17. 1898. Green River, 
Wyo., Williams 2334. 

Elymus triticoides var. simplex Hitchce., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 182. 1934. Based 
on FE. simplex Scribn. and Williams. 

(8) Elymus triticoides Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 99. 1862. 
“Rocky Mountains,’ Nuttall. 

Elymus condensatus vay. triticoides Thurb. 
in 8. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 326. 1880. 
Based on E. triticoides Buckl. 

Elymus orcuttianus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 10: 
258. 1885. San Diego, Calif., Orcuti. 


863 


Elymus simplex var. luxurians Scribn. 
and Williams, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 11:58. 1898. Green River, 
Wyo., Williams 2338. 

Elymus acicularis Suksdorf, Werdenda 
12; 3. 19238. Bingen, Wash., Suksdorf 
7861. 

Leymus triticoides Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 74: 
6. 1945. Based on Hlymus triticoides 
Buckl. 

ELYMUS TRITICOIDES subsp. MULTIFLORUS 
Gould, Madrofio 8: 46. 1945. Contra 
Costa County, Calif., Gould 1304. 

ELYMUS TRITICOIDES var. PUBESCENS Hitche. 
in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 186. 1912. 
Griffin, Calif., Elmer 3748. 

(3) Elymus vancouverensis Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 48. 1888. Van- 
couver Island, Macoun in 1887. 

Leymus vancowverensis Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 
74: 6. 1945. Based on Elymus van- 
couverensis Vasey. 

(20) Elymus villosus Muhl. in Willd., 
Enum, Pl. 1: 131. 1809. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. 

Elymus ciliatus Muhl., Deser. Gram. 179. 
1817. North Carolina. Name only, 
Muh: Cat... Pilla... 183: 

Elymus hirsutus Schreb. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 776. 1817, as 
synonym of FH. villosus Muhl. 

Elymus striatus var. villosus A. Gray, 
Man. 603. 1848. Based on #. villosus 
Muhl. 

Elymus propinguus Fresen. ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 349. 1854. Illinois. 

Elymus striatus var. ballii Pammel, Iowa 
Geol. Survey Sup. Rpt. 1903: 347. 
f. 246. 1905. Iowa [type, from which 
figure was drawn, Johnson County, 
Fitzpatrick]. 

Hordeum villosum Schenck, Bot. Jahrb. 


40: 109. 1907. Based on Elymus 
villosus Muhl. 
ELYyMus vitLosus forma ARKANSANUS 


(Scribn. and Ball) Fernald, Rhodora 
30: 195. 1933. Based on E. arkansanus 
Scribn. and Ball. 

Elymus arkansanus Seribn. and Ball, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 45. f. 
19. 1901. Arkansas, Harvey. 

Elymus striatus var. arkansanus Hitchce., 
Rhodora 8: 212. 1906. Based on E. 
arkansanus Seribn. and Ball. 

(16) Elymus virescens Piper, Erythea 7: 
101. 1899. Olympic Mountains, Wash., 
Piper 1988. 

Elymus pubescens Davy in Jepson, FI. 
West. Mid. Calif. 78. 1901. Point 
Reyes, Calif. 

Kiymus howellii Scribn. and Merr., U. 8S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 13: 88. 1910. 
Revillagigedo Island, British Columbia, 
Howell 1728. 

Elymus strigatus St. John, Rhodora 17: 
102. 1915. Westport, Mendocino Coun- 
ty, Calif., Congdon in 1902. 


864 


Elymus glaucus var. virescens Gould, 
Madrono 9: 126. 1947. Based on E. 
virescens Piper. 

(24) Elymus virginicus L., Sp. Pl. 84. 1753. 
Virginia. 

Elymus carolinianus Walt., Fl. Carol. 82. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Hordeum cartilagineum Moench, Meth. 
199. 1794. Grown in botanic garden, 
Marburg, Germany. 

Elymus striatus Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 
1797. North America. Name only in 
Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. 2: 161. 17938. 

Elymus hordetformis Desf., Tabl. Ecol. 
Bot. Mus. 15. 1804, name only; Cat. 
Pl. Paris. ed. 3. 18, 387. 1829. Grown 
in botanical garden, Paris. “EH. striatus 
Willd.” cited as synonym. 

Elymus durus Hedw. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2.1: 550. 1840, as synonym of 
EL. virginicus L. 

Elymus virginicus var. minor Vasey ex 
L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Con- 
trib. 2: 550. 1892. Northern Texas, 
[Buckley]. 

Elymus virginicus forma jejunus Ramaley, 
Minn. Bot. Stud. 9: 114. 1894. Lake 
Benton, Minn., Sheldon 1735 (error for 
1375). 

Hordeum virginicum Schenck, Bot. Jahrb. 
40: 109. 1907. Based on Elymus vir- 
ginicus L. 

Hordeum striatum Schenck, Bot. Jahrb. 
40: 109. 1907. Based on Elymus 
striatus Willd. 

Elymus jejunus Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 539. 1909. Based on E£. 
virginicus forma jejunus Ramaley. 

Terrellia virginica Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based on Elymus 
virginicus L. 

Terrellia striata Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4: 228. 1915. Based on Elymus striatus 
Willd. 

Elymus virginicus var. jejunus Bush, 
Amer. Mid]. Nat. 10: 65. 1926. Based 
on E£. virginicus forma jejunus Ramaley. 

Terrella jeyjuna Nevski, Jard. Bot. Acad. 
Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 639. 19382. 
Based on Elymus virginicus forma 
jeyunus Ramaley. 

Terrella virginica Nevski, Jard. Bot. Acad. 
Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 639. 19382. 
Based on Elymus virginicus L. 

Elymus virginicus var. typicus Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 198. 1933. Based on £. 
virginicus L. 

Elymus virginicus var. micromeris Schmoll, 
Rhodora 39: 416. 1937. Leeds, N. 
Dak., Lunell in 1900. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS Var. AUSTRALIS (Scribn. 
and Ball) Hitche. in Deam, Ind. Dept. 
Conserv. Pub. 82: 113. 1929. Based on 
E. australis Scribn. and Ball. 

Elymus australis Scribn. and Ball, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 46. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


f. 20. 1901. Biltmore, N. C., Biltmore 
Herbarium 411b. 

Elymus virginicus var. glabriflorus forma 
australis Fernald, Rhodora 35: 198. 
1933. Based on £. australis Scribn. and 
Ball. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS var. GLABRIFLORUS 
(Vasey) Bush, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 
62. 1926. Based on E. canadensis var. 
glabriflorus Vasey. 

Elymus canadensis var. glabriflorus Vasey 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 550. 1894. Texas to Georgia 
[Louisiana, Langlois]. 

?Elymus virginicus var. glaucus Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 653. 1896. Agri- 
cultural College, Michigan, Beal 164, 
165. 

Elymus glabriflorus Scribn. and Ball, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
49, f. 23. 1901. Based on FE. canadensis 
var. glabriflorus Vasey. 

Elymus australis var. glabriflorus Wie- 
gand, Rhodora 20: 84. 1918. Based 
on E. canadensis var. glabriflorus Vasey. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS Var. HALOPHILUS (Bick- 
nell) Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 83. 1918. 
Based on £. halophilus Bicknell. 

Elymus halophilus Bicknell, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 35: 201. 1908. Nantucket 
Island, Mass., Bicknell. 

Terrella halophila Nevski, Jard. Bot. 
Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 639. 
1932. Based on Elymus halophilus 
Bicknell. 

Elymus virginicus var. halophilus forma 
lasiolepis Fernald, Rhodora 35: 198. 
1933. Nova Scotia, Fernald, Long, and 
Linder 20113. 

ELYMUS VIRGINICUS var. INTERMEDIUS 
(Vasey) Bush, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 
60. 1926. Based on E. canadensis var. 
intermedius Vasey. 

Elymus canadensis var. intermedius Vasey 
ex A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 673. 1890. 
Northeastern United States. [Type, 
Lansingburg, N. Y., Howe in 1886.] 

Elymus intermedius Scribn. and Smith, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
38. 1897. Not E. intermedius Bieb., 
1808. Maine to Virginia, west to 
Illinois and Nebraska. [Herbarium evi- 
dence shows this to be based on E. 
canadensis var. intermedius Vasey.] 

Elymus hirsutiglumis Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 58. 1898. 
Based on E. intermedius Scribn. and 


Smith. Gta 
Elymus virginicus var. hirsutiglumis 
Hitche., Rhodora 10: 65. 1908. Based 


on F#. hirsutiglumis Scribn. 

Terrella hirsutiglumis Nevski, Jard. Bot. 
Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. Bul. 30: 639. 
1932. Based on Elymus hirsutiglumis 
Scribn. ; 

Elymus virginicus var. typicus forma hir- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


sutiglumis Fernald, Rhodora 35: 198. 
1933. Based on #. hirsutiglumis Sceribn. 


ELYMUS VIRGINICUS Var. SUBMUTICUS Hook., . 


Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 255. 1840. Cumber- 
land House Fort, Saskatchewan, Drum- 
mond. 

?Elymus virginicus var. arcuatus Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 405. 1871. 
Southern States. 

Elymus curvatus Piper, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 30: 233. 1903. Stevens County, 
Wash., Kreager 375. 

Elymus submuticus Smyth, Kans. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 25: 99. 1913. Based on 
E. virginicus var. submuticus Hook. 

Terrellia virginica var. submutica Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based 
on Elymus virginicus var. submuticus 
Hook. 

Terrella curvata Nevski, Jard. Bot. Acad. 
Sci. U. R. 8S. S. Bul. 30: 639. 1932. 
Based on Elymus curvatus Piper. 

Elymus virginicus forma submutica Pohl, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 38: 549. 1947. Based 
on E. virginicus var. submuticus Hook. 


(161) ELYONURUS Humb. and Bonpl. 
ex Willd. 


(1) Elyonurus barbiculmis Hack. in DC., 
Monogr. Phan. 6: 339. 1889. Texas, 
Wright 804; New Mexico, Wright 2106; 
me Lemmon 2926 [type]; Rothrock 

8. 

Elyonurus barbiculmis var. parviflorus 
Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 32: 1. 1901. Arizona, Griffiths 
1849. 

(2) Elyonurus tripsacoides Humb. and 
Bonpl. ex Wiild., Sp. Pl. 4: 941. 1806. 
Caracas, Venezuela, Humboldt and 
Bonpland. 

Rottboellia ciliata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 83. 
1818. Georgia, Baldwin. 

Anatherum tripsacoides Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 290. 1825. Based on Elyo- 
nurus tripsacoides Humb. and Bonpl. 

Andropogon tripsacoides Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 364. 1854. Based on Elyo- 
nurus tripsacoides Humb. and Bonpl. 

Andropogon nuttallit Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. 580. 1860. Based on Kottboellia 
ciliata Nutt. 

Elyonurus nuttallianus Benth. ex Vasey, 
Grasses U. S. 17. 1883. Based on 
Andropogon nuttallianus [error for 
nuttallit Chapm.]. 

Elyonurus nuttallii Vasey, Grasses U. S. 
Descr. Cat. 25. 1885. Based on Andro- 
pogon nuttallii Chapm. 


(40) ENNEAPOGON Desyv. ex Beauv. 


(1) Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 82, 161. pl. 16. f. 11. 1812; 
ex Desv., Opusc. 98. 1831. Locality 
erroneously given as ‘‘Manilia,” prob- 
ably Argentina. 


865 


Enneapogon phleoides Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2:616. 1817. South America. 

Pappophorum wrightit 8S. Wats., Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 178. 1883. 
[Devils River, Tex.], Wright 751 and 
2029. 

Pappophorum mexicanum Griseb. ex 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 138. 1886. Mexico, 
Guadalupe, Bourgeau; valley of Mexico, 
Schaffner 184. 

Enneapogon wrighttt C. E. Hubb. in 
Hook. f., Icon. Pl. (pl. 3837). 2. 1987. 
Based on Pappophorum wrightia S. 
Wats. 


(14) ERAGROSTIS Beauv. 


(43) Eragrostis acuta Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 159. 1928. Punta 
Rassa, Fla., Hitchcock 263. 

Eragrostis alba Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 279. 
1830. “Hab. ad Monte-Rey, Cali- 
forniae. 2’’ The label with the type 
specimen bears ‘Regio montana,” in- 
dicating that the plant came from Peru. 
The species is not known from the 
United States. 

(8) Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight and 
Arn. ex Nees in Hook. and Arn., Bot. 
Beechey Voy. 251. 1838. Based on 
Poa amabilis L. 

Poa amabilis L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. India. 

Poa plumosa Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 20. 
1786. East Indies. 

Megastachya amabilis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
74, 167, 173. 1812. Based on Poa 
amabilis L. 

Cynodon amabilis Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on Mega- 
stachya amabilis Beauv. 

Eragrostis plumosa Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
192. 1827. Based on Poa plumosa 
Retz. 

Erochloé amabilis Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 886. 18938, as synonym of 
Eragrostis amabilis. 

Erochloé spectabilis Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 886. 1893, as synonym of 
Eragrostis amabulis. 

Eragrostis ciliaris var. patens Chapm. ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 479. 1896. 
Jesup, Ga., Curtiss 3493*. 

Eragrostis tenella var. plumosa Stapf in 
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 315. 1896. 
Based on Poa plumosa Retz. 

Eragrostis amabilis var. plumosa KH, G. 
and A. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. 
Ind.-Chin. 7: 557. 1923. Based on 
Poa plumosa Retz. 

(29) Eragrostis arida Hitche., Wash. Acad. 
Sci. Jour. 23: 449. 1933. Del Rio, 
Tex., Hitchcock 13650. 

(46) Eragrostis bahiensis Schrad. in Schult., 
Mantissa 2: 318. 1824. Brazil. 

(26) Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau in Morot., 
Jour. Bot, 8: 289. 1894. Southern 
Europe. 


866 


Eragrostis vulgaris subsp. barrelieri Douin 
in Bonn., Fl. Compl. 12: 32. 1927-32. 
Based on £. barreliert Daveau. 


(5) Eragrostis beyrichii J. G. Smith, Mo. 


Bot. Gard. Rpt. 6: 117. pl. 56. 1895. 
‘“‘Arkansas,”’ Beyrich in 1834, but there 
is no recent record from that State. 
In 1834 the boundaries were as at pres- 
ent, but earlier included parts of Texas. 


(14) Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees, Agrost. 


1829. Based on Poa capil- 
1753. 


Bras. 505. 
laris L. 
Poa capillaris L., Sp. Pl. 68. 
Canada, Kalm. 

Aira capillacea Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
177. 1791. Carolina, Fraser. 

Poa tenuis Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 1: 156. 
1816. South Carolina. 

Eragrostis tenuis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
273. 1854. Based on Poa tenuzs Ell. 


(45) Eragrostis chariis (Schult.) Hitchc., 


Lingnan Sci. Jour. 7: 198. 1931. Based 
on Poa chariis Schult. 

Poa elegans Roxb., Hort. Beng. 82. 1814. 
Fl. Ind. 1: 339. 1820. Not P. elegans 
Poir., 1804. India. 

Poa chariis Schult., Mantissa 2: 314. 
1824. Based on P. elegans Roxb. 

Poa elegantula Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 114. 
1829. Based on P. elegans Roxb. 

Eragrostis elegantula Nees ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 266. 1854. Not E. ele- 
gantula Nees, 1851. Based on Poa 
elegantula Kunth. 


Eragrostis chloromelas Steud., Syn. PI. 


Glum. 1: 271. 1854. Based on the 
species described under F. atrovirens by 
Nees, that name based on Poa atro- 
virens Desf., a different species. 


(24) Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Lutati, 


1904. Based on 
liao: 


Malpighia 18: 386. 
Poa cilianensis All. 

Briza eragrostis L., Sp. Pl. 70. 
Europe. 

Poa cilianensis All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 246. 
1785. Italy. 

?Briza caroliniana Walt., Fl. Carol. 79. 
1788. Not B. caroliniana Lam. South 
Carolina. 

Poa megastachya Koel., Descr. Gram. 181. 
1802. Based on Briza eragrostis L. 

Eragrostis majer Host, Icon. Gram. 
Austr. 4: 14. pl. 24. 1809; Fl. Austr. 1: 
135. 1827..Austria. 

Megastachya eragrostis Beauv. ex Roem. 
and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 575, in obs.; 
584. 1817. Based on Briza eragrostis L. 

Briza purpurascens Muhl., Desecr. Gram. 


154. 1817. Carolina. 
Poa obtusa Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 67. 1818. 
Not P. obtusa Muhl., 1817. Phila- 


delphia, Barton. 
Poa pennsylvanica Nutt., Gen. Pl. 2: 
errata. 1818. Based on P. obtusa Nutt. 
Poa philadelphica Barton, Compend. FI. 
Phila. 1: 62. 1818. Based on P. 
obtusa Nutt. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Megastachya obtusa Schult., Mantissa 2: 
326. 1824. Based on Poa obtusa Nutt. 

Megastachya purpurascens Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 326. 1824. Based on Briza 
purpurascens Muhl. 

Poa nuttallii Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 344. 
1825. Based on P. obtusa Nutt. 

Calotheca purpurascens Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 348. 1825. Based on Briza 
purpurascens Muhl. 

Eragrostis megastachya Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 187. 1827. Based on Poa mega- 
stachya Koel. 

Briza megastachya Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2. 1: 225. 1840, as synonym of Poa 
megastachya Koel. 

Eragrostis vulgaris var. megastachya Coss. 
and Germ., Fl.’ Env. Paris) 2:%641 
1845. Based on Poa megastachya Koel. 

Eragrostis poaeoides var. megastachya A. 
Gray, Man. ed. 2. 563. 1856. Based 
on FE. megastachya Link. 

Eragrostis virletii Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
116. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 1391. 

Eragrostis eragrostis MacM., Met. Minn. 
Vall. 75. - 1892. Not £. eragrostis 
Beauv., 1812. Based on Briza eragrostis 


Eragrostis megastachya var. cilianensis 
Aschers. and Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. 
Fl. 2: 371. 1900. Based on Poa cilia- 
nensis All. 

Eragrostis minor var. megastachya Davy 
in Jepson, Fl. West Mid. Calif. 60. 
1901. Based on FE. megastachya Link. 

Erosion ciliare Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4: 221. 1915. Lunell cites “Eragrostis 
ciliaris (All.) Link’’ as basis. Reference 
to ‘Hubbard, Philippine Jour. Sci. Bot. 
8: 159-161. 1913” and the fact that 
this name is included in a list of plants 
of North Dakota indicate that Lunell 
meant Lragrostis cilianensis  (All.) 
Lutati, rather than FE. ciliaris (L.) 
Link. 

Eragrostis eragrostis var. megastachya 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 
1916. Based on Poa megastachya Koel. 

? Eragrostis eragrostis subvar. leersioides 
Farwell, Amer. Midi. Nat. 10: 306. 
1927. Based on £. multiflora var. leersi- 
oides Richt., this based on Mega- 
stachya leersioides Presl, described from 
Sicily, the description not applying to 
American forms. 


(7) Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. in Tuckey, 


Narr. Exp. Congo App. 478. 1818. 
Based on Poa ciliaris L. 

Poa ciliaris L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 875. 
1759. Jamaica. 

Megastachya ciliaris Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
74, 167, 174, 1812. Based on Poa 
ciliaris L. 

Eragrostis villosa Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
137. 1820. Based on Poa ciliaris L. 

Cynodon ciliaris Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on Mega- 
stachya ciliaris Beauv. 

Macroblepharus contractus Phil., Linnaea 
19: 101. 1858. Chile, Gay 129. 

Kragrostis ciliaris var. laxa Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 774. 1891. West Indies. 

(3) Eragrostis curtipedicellata Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 97. 1862. 
Northern Texas, Buckley. 

Eragrostis brevipedicellata A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 336. 1862, 
as synonym of F. curtipedicellata Buck]. 

Eragrostis viscosa Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 51. pl. 7. 
1898. Not E. viscosa Trin., 1830. Mid- 
land, Tex., J. G. Smith. 

(47) Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees, FI. 
Afr. Austr. 397. 1841. Based on Poa 
curvula Schrad. 

Poa curvula Schrad., Gott. Anz. Ges. 
Wiss. 3: 2073. 1821. Cape of Good 
Hope. 

Eragrostis cyperoides (Thunb.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 71, 162, 174. 1812. Based on 
Poa cyperoides Thunb. 

Poa cyperoides Thunb., Prodr. Pi. Cap. 22. 
1794. South Africa, Thunberg. 

(19) Eragrostis diffusa Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Ser. Phila,,broc: «1862: 97. °1862. 
Northern Texas, Buckley. 

Eragrostis purshi var. delicatula Munro 
ex Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 
30. 1883. Name only. Arizona, Pringle. 

Eragrostis purshi var. diffusa Vasey, U.S. 
Nath: Herbs Contrib:. 1: 59... 1890. 
Based on £#. diffusa Buckl. 

(42) Eragrostis elliottii S. Wats., Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 25: 140. 1890. Based 
on Poa nitida Ell. 

Poa nitida Ell., Bot. 8S. C. and Ga. 1: 162. 
1816. Not P. nitida Lam., 1791. South 
Carolina. 

Eragrostis nitida Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 
564. 1860. Not #. nitida Link, 1827. 
Based on Poa nitida Ell. 

Eragrostis macropoda Pilger in Urban, 
Symb. Antill. 4: 106. 1903. Puerto 
Rico, Szntenis 1233. 

(33) Eragrostis eresa Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 483. 1896. Chi- 
huahua, Mexico, Pringle 415. 

(15) Eragrostis frankii C. A. Meyer ex 
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 273. 1854. 
Ohio, Frank. 

Poa parviflora Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:67. 1818. 
Not P. parviflora R. Br. [United 
States]. 

Poa micrantha Schult., Mantissa 2: 305. 
1824. Not Eragrostis micrantha Hack. 
1895. Based on P. parviflora Nutt. 

Eragrostis erythrogona Nees in Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 273. 1854. St. Louis, 
Drummond. 

Eragrostis capillaris var. franku Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 1916. 
Based on E. frankii “Steud.” 

ERAGROSTIS FRANKII Var. BREVIPES Fassett, 


867 
Rhodora 34: 95. 1932. Glenhaven, 
Wis., Fassett 12899. 

(9) Eragrostis glomerata (Walt.) L. H. 
Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
548. 1894. Based on Poa glomerata 
Walt. 

Poa glomerata Walt., ¥l. Carol. 80. 1788. 
South Carolina. 

Poa conferta Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 
158. 1816. South Carolina. 

Megastachya glomerata Schult., Mantissa 
2: 327. 1824. Based on Poa glomeraia 
Walt. 

Poa walteri Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 116. 
1829. Based on P. glomerata Walt. 

Eragrostis conferta Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 
409. 1830. Based on Poa conferta Ell. 

Eragrostis pallida Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 285. 1893. Colima, 
Mexico, Palmer 1268. 


(30) Eragrostis hirsuta (Michx.) Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 508. 1829. Based on 
Poa hirsuta Michx. 

?Poa simplex Walt., Fl. Carol. 79. 1788. 


Not Hragrostis simplex Scribn., 1900. 
South Carolina. 

Poa hirsuta Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 68. 
1803. South Carolina, Michaux. 

Eragrostis sporoboloides Smith and Bush, 
Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 6: 116. pl. 54. 
1895. Sapulpa, Indian Territory [Okla.], 
Bush [766]. 

Eragrostis hirsuta var. laevivaginata Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 41: 500. 1939. South- 
ampton County, Va., Fernald and Long 
9273. 

(11) Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. 8. P., 
Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888. Based on 
Poa hypnoides Lam. 

Poa hypnoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
185. 1791. Tropical America. 

Megastachya hypnoides Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 74, 167, 175. 1812. Based on 
Poa hypnoides Lam. 

Poa reptans var. caespitosa Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. 8. 1: 115. 1823. 
New Jersey. 

Neeragrostis hypnoides Bush, Acad. Sci. 
St. Louis, Trans. 13: 180. 1903. Based 
on Poa hypnoides Lam. 

Erosion hypnoides Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 221, -- 1915: Based’ on Poa 
hypnoides Lam. 

(35) Eragrostis intermedia Hitche., Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 450. 1933. San 
Antonio, Tex., Hitchcock 5491. 

Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, Fl. Afr. 
Austr. 402. 1841. South Africa, Drege. 

(31) Eragrostis lugens Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
505. 1829. Brazil. 

Poa lugens Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: Sup. 
28. 1830. Based on LHragrostis lugens 
Nees. 

(23) Eragrostis lutescens Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 7. 
1899. Almota, Wash., Piper 2624. 


868 


(28) Eragrostis mexicana (Hornem.) Link, 
Hort. Berol. 1: 190. 1827. Based on 
“Poa mexicana Lag. Hornem.”’ 

Poa mexicana Hornem., Hort. Hafn. 2: 
953. 1815. Garden specimen from 
Mexican seed. 

Poa mexicana Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. 3. 
1816. Grown in Madrid from Mexican 
seed. 

Small specimens of this species have been 
referred to Eragrostis limbata Fourn., a 
Mexican species, not known from the 
United States. 

(21) Eragrestis multicaulis Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 426. 1855. Japan. 

Eragrostis pilosa var. damiensiana Bonnet, 
Naturaliste 3: 412. 1881. France. 

Eragrostis pilosa var. condensata Hack., 
Allg. Bot. Ztschr. 7: 18. 1901. Karls- 
ruhe, Germany, Kneucker Gram. Exs. 
fel 

Eragrostis peregrina Wiegand, Rhodora 
19: 95. 1917. Based on E. pilosa var. 
condensata Hack. 

Eragrestis damiensiana Thell., Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 24: 323. 1928. Based on 
E. pilosa var. damiensiana Bonnet. 

Eragrostis damiensiana var. condensata 
Thell., Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 24: 328. 
1928. Based on E. pilosa var. con- 
densata Hack. 

(27) Eragrostis neomexicana Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 542. 1894. 
New Mexico, Vasey. 

Eragrostis obtusa Munro ex Stapf, in Dyer, 
Fl. Cap. 7: 625. 1898. South Africa. 

(1) Eragrostis obtusifiora (Fourn.) Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 8: 
10. pl. 5. 1897. Based on Brizopyrum 
obtusiflorum Fourn. 

Brizopyrum obtusiflorum Fourn., Mex. PI. 
2: 120. 1886. Orizaba, Mexico, Hmy. 

(22) Eragrostis orcuttiana Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 269. 1893. 
San Diego, Calif., Orcutt 1313. 

(4) Eragrostis oxylepis (Torr.) Torr., U. S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 156. 1857. 
Based on Poa oxylepis Torr. 

Poa interrupta Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soe. 
Trans. (n.s.) 5: 146. 1837. Not P. 
interrupta Lam., 1791. Banks of the 
Arkansas [ Nuttall]. 

Poa oxylepis Torr. in Marcy, Expl. Red 
Riv. 301. 1853. Based on Poa inter- 
rupta Nutt. 

Eragrostis veraecrucis Rupr., Acad. Sci. 
Brux. Bul. 9?: 235. 1842, name only; 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 118. 1886, as 
synonym of Megastachya oxylepis var. 
capitata Fourn. 

Megastachya oxylepis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
118. 1886. Based on Poa oxylepis Torr. 

Megastachya oxrylepis var. capitata Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 118. 1886. Vera Cruz, 
Mexico. 

Eragrostis interrupta Trel. in Branner and 
Coville, Ann. Rpt. Geol. Survey Ark. 4: 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


237. 1891. Not E. interrupta Beauv., 
1812. Based on Poa interrupta Nutt. 
Referred to Eragrostis secundiflora Presl 
in Manual ed. 1. That is a rare Mexican 
species not known from the United States. 
(34) Eragrostis palmeri 8. Wats., Amer. 

Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 182. 1883. Juarez, 
Coahuila, Palmer 1368. 

Eragrostis caudata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
115. 1886. Not EH. caudata Nees ex 
Steud. 1854. Mexico, Berlandier 2345. 

(18) Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees, 
Fl]. Afr. Austr. 406. 1841. Based on 
Poa pectinacea Michx., the name given 
as “Er. pectinacea Michx.” 

Poa pectinacea Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
69. 1808. Illinois, Michauz. 

Poa eragrostis Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 1: 
161. 1816. Not P. eragrostis L., 1753. 
South Carolina and Georgia. 

Poa tenella Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 67. 1818. 
Not P. tenella L., 1753. North America. 

Eragrostis brizoides Schult., Mantissa 2: 
319. 1824. Based on Poa tenella Nutt. 

Poa nuttallit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 116. 
1829. Not P. nuttallit Spreng., 1825. 
Based on Poa tenella Nutt. 

Eragrostis purshii Schrad., Linnaea 12: 
451. 1838. North America; description 
inadequate; Gray, Man. ed. 2. 564. 
1856. 

Poa diandra Schrad., Linnaea 12: 451. 
1838, as synonym of Eragrostis purshii 
Schrad. 

Eragrostis nuttalliana Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 1: 563. 1840. Based on Poa 
tenella Nutt. 

Eragrostis pennsylvanica Scheele, Flora 27: 
58. 1844. Pennsylvania. 

Eragrostis unionis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 273. 1854. Miami, Ohio. 

Eragrostis cognata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 


1: 273. 1854. Ohio. 
(17) Eragrostis perplexa L. H. Harvey, 
Jniv. Microfilms, Publ. 967: 194. 


1948. Mellette County, S. Dak., W. L. 
Tolstead, Aug. 30, 1935. 

(40) Eragrostis pilifera Scheele, Linnaea 22: 
344. 1849. New Braunfels, Tex., 
Lindheimer. 

Eragrostis grandiflora Smith and Bush, 
Mo.’ Bot: Gard) Rpt. 6231172 pl 55: 
1895. Sapulpa, Indian Territory [Okla.], 
Bush [808]. 

Eragrostis trichodes var. pilifera Fernald, 
Rhodora 40: 331. 19388. Based on EL. 
pilifera Scheele. 

(16) Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 71, 162, 175. 1812. Based on 
Poa pilosa L. 

Poa pilosa L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. Italy. 

Poa eragrostis Walt., Fl. Carol. 80. 1788. 
Not P. eragrostis L., 1753. South 
Carolina. 

? Poa tenella [L. misapplied by] Pursh, Fl. 
Amer. Sept. 1:80. 1814. New Jersey to 
Carolina. Elliott (Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


160. 1816) foltows Pursh. According to 
Merrill (U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 29: 11. 1901) Elliott’s plant is £. 
pilosa. 

Eragrostis fiiformis Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
191. 1827. North America. 

Poa linkii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 113. 
1829. Based on Eragrostis filiformis 
Link. 

Eragrostis linkii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum., 1: 
273. 1854. Based on Poa linkiit Kunth. 

(25) Eragrostis poaeoides Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 162. 1812, name only; ex 
Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 574. 
1817. Based on Poa eragrostis L. 
(Spelled pooides by Hylander, Uppsala 
Univ. Arskr. 7:71. 1945.) 

Poa eragrostis L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. Italy. 

Eragrostis minor Host, Icon. Gram. 
Austr. 4: 15. 1809 [name untenable 
because the genus was not validly 
published until 1812]; Fl. Austr. 1: 
135. 1827. Based on Poa eragrostis L. 

Eragrostis eragrostis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
71, 174. pl. 14. f. 11. 1812. Based on 
Poa eragrostis L. 

Eragrostis poaeformis Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 188. 1827. Based on Poa eragrostis 


Eragrostis vulgaris Presl ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 564. 1840, as synonym 
of E. poaeformis Link. 

Eragrostis vulgaris Coss. and Germ., FI. 
Env. Paris 2: 641. 1845. Based on 
“Poa eragrostis et Briza eragrostis L.,”’ 
the two species named var. micro- 
stachya and megastachya, respectively. 

Eragrostis vulgaris var. microstachya Coss. 


and Germ., Fl. Env. Paris 2: 641. 
1845. Based on Poa eragrostis L. 
Eragrostis eragrostis var. mucrostachya 


Farwell, Amer. Midl. Natl. 10: 306. 
1927. Based on EH. vulgaris var. micro- 
stachya Coss. and Germ. 

Eragrostis vulgaris subsp. poaeoides Douin 
in Bonn., Fl. Compl. 12: 32. 1927-32. 
Based on E. poaeoides Beauv. 

(44) Eragrostis refracta (Muhl.) Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 49. 1894. 
Based on Poa refracta Muhl. 

?Poa virginica Zuce. ex Roemer, Col. Bot. 
1: 124. 1809. Virginia. 

Poa refracta Muhl. ex Ell., Bot. 5. C. and 
Ga. 1: 162. 1816. South Carolina. 
Name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 12. 1813. 

Eragrostis campestris Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 2!: 72. 
1836. North America. 

Eragrostis longeradiata Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 272. 1854. Carolina, Curtzs. 

?Hragrostis virginica Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 273. 1854. Based on Poa 
virginica Zuce. 

Eragrostis pectinacea var. refracta Chapm., 
Fl. South. U. 8. 564. 1860. Based on 
Poa refracta Muhl. 

Eragrostis campestris var. refracta Chapm., 


869 


Fl. South. U. S. ed. 3. 617. 1897. 
Based on Poa refracta Muhl. 

Poa reflexa Ell. ex Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 
5. 1900, as synonym of Eragrostis 
refracta Scribn. 

This species was described under the 
name Poa capillaris L., in Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 67. 1803. 

(10) Eragrostis reptans (Michx.) Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 514. 1829. Based on 
Poa reptans Michx. 

Poa reptans Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
69. pl. 11. 18038. Illinois, Michauz. 
Poa dioica Michx. ex Poir. in Lam., 
Encycl. 5: 87. 1804, erroneously cited 
as synonym of P. hypnoides Lam. 

Kaskaskia River, Iil., Michauz. 

Megastachya reptans Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
74, 167, 175. 1812. Based on Poa 
reptans Michx. 

Poa weigeltiana Reichenb. ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. 
Nat. 1: 410. 1830, as synonym of 
Eragrostis reptans Nees. Dutch Guiana, 
Weigelt. 

Poa dioica Vent. ex Kunth, Enum. PI. 1: 
336. 1833, as synonym of P. reptans 
Michx, 

Poa capitata Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. (n.s.) 5: 146. 1837. Arkansas 
River, Nuttall. 

Eragrostis capitata Nash in Britton, Man. 
1042. 1901. Based on Poa capitata 
Nutt. 

Neeragrostis weigeltiana Bush, Acad. Sci. 
St-<-lLouise “Erans;: 138278) 21903: 
Based on Poa weigeltiana Reichenb. 

Eragrostis weigeltiana Bush, Acad. Sci. 
St. Louis, Trans. 18: 180. 1903. Based 
on Poa weigeltiana Reichenb. 

(2) Eragrostis sessilispica Buckl., 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 97. 
Austin, Tex., Buckley. 

Diplachne rigida Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Bot. Bul. 122: pl. 44. 1891. 
Texas [type, Reverchon in 1879], and 
New Mexico, northward to Kansas. 

Leptochloa rigida Munro ex Vasey, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 12?: pl. 44. 
1891, as synonym of Diplachne rigida 
Vasey. 

Eragrostis rigida Scribn., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1891: 304. 1891. Based 
on Diplachne rigida Vasey. 

Acamptoclados sessilispicus Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 140. 1903. Based 
on Hragrostis sessilispica Buckl. 

(38) Eragrostis silveana Swallen, Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 19: 438. f. 3. 1932. Tait, 
Tex., Silveus 360. 

(12) Eragrostis simplex Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 7 (ed. 3): 
250. f. 244. 1900. Florida, Curtiss 6073. 

Eragrostis browne: Kunth ex Chapm., Fl. 
South. U.S. ed. 2. 664. 1883. Not #. 
brownet Nees, 1841. East Florida, 


Acad. 
1862. 


870 


Garber. (Chapman probably had £. 
brownet (Kunth) Nees, an Australian 
species, in mind, but he cites nothing 
that can connect his publication with 
that. The name E. brownei Nees is 
used for H. simplex by Scribner (U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 7: 262. 
1897.) 

(41) Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 564. 1840. Based 
on Poa spectabilis Pursh. 

?Poa amabilis Walt., Fl. Carol. 80. 1788. 
ne P. amabilis L., 1753. South Caro- 
ina. 

Poa spectabilis Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 
81. 1814. New York to Carolina. 

Megastachya spectabilis Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 589. 1817. Based on Poa 
spectabilis Pursh. 

Poa hirsuta var. spectabilis Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. 8. 1: 114. 1823. 
Based on Poa spectabilis Pursh. 

? Eragrostis velutina Schrad., Linnaea 12: 
451. 1838. Carolina. 

? Poa villosa Beyr. ex Schrad., Linnaea 12: 
451. 1838, as synonym of H#. velutina 
Schrad, 

Eragrostis geyert Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum 1: 
272. 1854. Illinois, Geyer. 

Poa pectinacea Geyer ex Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 272. 1854. Not P. pectinacea 
Michx., 1803. As synonym of Hragrostis 
geyerz Steud, 

Eragrostis pectinacea var. spectabilis A. 
Gray, Man. ed. 2. 565. 1856. Based on 
Poa spectabilis Pursh. 

Erochloé spectabilis Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 886. 1893, 

Eragrostis spectabilis var. sparsthirsuia 
Farwell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 10: 306. 
1927. Michigan. 

This is the species called Poa pectinacea 
Michx. and Hragrostis pectinacea Nees by 
American authors, not Michaux’s species. 
(6) Eragrostis spicata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 16: 

146. 1891. Baja California, Brandegee. 

Sporobolus tenuispica Hack., Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 6: 344. 1909. Pilcomayo 
River, Paraguay, Rojas 258. 

Eragrostis stenophylla Hochst. ex Miquel, 
An, Bot. Ind. 2: 272. lsat. Asia. 

(36) Eragrostis swalleni Hitche., Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 451. 19383. 
Riviera, Tex., Swallen 1847. 

Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter, Soc. Bot. 
Ital. Bul. 1918: 62. 1918. Based on 
Poa tef Zuccagni. 

Poa tef Zuceagni, Diss. Concern. |’Ist. 
Pianta Paniz. Abiss. 1775. Abyssinia 
(no page). 

Poa abyssinica Jacq., Misc. Austr. 2: 364. 
1781. Abyssinia. 

Eragrostis abyssinica Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
192. 1827. Based on Poa abyssinica 
Jacq. 

(20) Eragrostis tephrosanthos Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 316. 1824, Martinique, Sieber. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Poa tephrosanthos Spreng. ex Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 316. 1824, as synonym of Era- 
grostis tephrosanthos Schult. 

Eragrostis delicatula Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 73. 
1836. Brazil. 

Eragrostis pilosa var. delicatula Hack. in 
Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 
133. 1904. Based on H. delicatula Trin. 

(37) Eragrostis tracyi Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 21: 1380. f. 1. 1934. Sanibel Island, 
Fla., Tracy 7168. 

(32) Eragrostis trichocolea Hack. and 
Arech., An. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 


444, 1896. Uruguay. 

Eragrostis floridana Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 308. 1915. Tampa, Fla., 
Curtiss 3494*. 


(39) Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 796. 1861. Based 
on Poa trichodes Nutt. 

Poa trichodes Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. (n.s.) 5: 146. 1837. Arkansas, 
Nuttall. 

Eragrostis tenuis var. texensis Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 59. 1890. 
Texas, Nealley. 

Eragrostis tenwis A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 
661. 1890. Not EH. tenuis Steud., 1854. 
Ohio to Illinois, Kansas and southward. 

Eragrostis capillacea Jedw., Bot. Archiv 
Mez 5: 196. 1924. Nebraska, Rydberg 
1832, 

(13) Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees in 
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 264. 1854. 
Based on Poa unioloides Retz. 

Poa unioloides Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 19. 
1789. East Indies. 

Eragrostis virescens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
276. 1830. Chile, Haenke. 


Eremochioa ciliaris (L.) Merr., Philippine 
Jour. Sci. 1 (Sup. 5): 331. 1906. Based 
on Nardus ciliaris L. 

Nardus ciliaris L. Sp. Pl. 53. 1753. 
India. 

Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. in 
DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 261.° 1889. 
Based on Ischaemum ophiuroides Mun- 
ro. 

Ischaemum ophiuroides Munro, Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 363. 1860. South- 
ern China. 


(151) ERIANTHUS Michx. 


(3) Erianthus alopecuroides (L.) Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 38. 1816. Based on 
Andropogon alopecuroides L. 

Andropogon divaricatus L., Sp. Pl. 1045. 
1753. Virginia [Clayton 70]. 
Andropogon alopecuroides L., Sp. Pl. 
1045. 1753. Virginia [Clayton 601]. 
Saccharum alopecuroideum Nutt., Gen. 

Pl. 1: 60. 1818. Based inferentially on 
Erianthus alopecuroides Ell. 
Erianthus divaricatus Hitche., U. 8, Natl, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Herb. Contrib. 12: 125. 1908. Based on 
Andropogon divaricatus L. 

ERIANTHUS ALOPECUROIDES var. HIRSUTIS 
Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8S. 55. 
1903. Florida [Chapman]. (Published as 
E. alopecuroides hirsutus.) 

(4) Erianthus brevibarbis Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 55. 1803. “Tennessee and 
Carolina,” Michaux. The only specimen 
in the Michaux Herbarium bearing this 
name is from dry hills 5 days distant 
from the Wabash River toward the 
mouth of the Missouri, that is, in 
southern Illinois, where it has not since 
been found. 

Saccharum brevibarbe Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
103. 1805. Based on Erianthus brevi- 
barbis Michx. 

Calamagrostis rubra Bose ex Kunth, 
Enum. Pl. 1: 478. 1833, as synonym of 
Erianthus brevibarbis Michx. 

Erianthus alopecuroides var. brevibarbis 
Chapm., Fl. South U. 8. 583. 1860. 
Based on EL. brevibarbis Michx. 

Erianthus saccharoides subsp. brevibarbis 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 1381. 
1889. Based on E. brevibarbis Michx. 

(5) Erianthus coarctatus Fernald, Rhodora 
45: 246. pl. 758. 19438. Homeville, 
Sussex County, Va., Fernald and Long 
7301. 

ERIANTHUS COARCTATUS Var. ELLIOTTIANUS 
Fernald, Rhodora 45: 246. 1943. Live 
Oak, Fla., Curtiss 6940. 

(2) Erianthus contortus Baldw. ex Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 40. 1816. Savannah, 
Ga., Baldwin. 

Saccharum contortum Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
60. 1818. Based on Erianthus con- 
tortus Ell. 

Erianthus alopecuroides var. contortus 
Chapm., Fl. South. U. 8S. 582. 1860. 
Based on E. contortus Ell. 

Erianthus saccharoides subsp. contortus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 1381. 
1889. Based on E. contoritus EIl. 

Erianthus smallii Nash, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Bul. 1: 429. 1900. Stone Mountain, 
Ga., Small in 1894. 

(6) Erianthus giganteus (Walt.) Muhl., 
Cat. Pl. 4. 18138. Based on Anthoxan- 
thum giganteum Walt. Later (Descr. 
Gram. 192. 1817) Muhlenberg uses 
the name for both H. saccharoides and 
E. alopecuroides (his herbarium speci- 
men under this name including both 
species), but the description (awn 
twisted) applies better to EH. alopecur- 
oides. Erianthus giganteus was published 
as new by Hubbard (Rhodora 14: 166. 
1912) based on Anthoxanthum gigan- 
teum Walt. 

Anthoxanthum giganteum Walt., Fl. Carol. 
65. 1788. South Carolina. 

Erianthus saccharoides Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:55. 1803. Carolina to Florida, 
Michauz. 


871 


Saccharum giganteum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
103. 1805. Based on Anthoxanthum 
giganteum Walt. 

Saccharum erianthoides Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 308. 1825. Based on 
Erianthus saccharoides Rich. [same as 
Michx.]. 

Andropogon erianthus Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 243. 1827. Based on Hrianthus 
saccharoides Michx. 

Erianthus saccharoides var. michauxii 
Hack. “in: Marts. “Pl: Bras. 22320257. 
1883. Based on FE. saccharoides Michx. 

Erianthus compactus Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 419. 1895. New Jersey 
to North Carolina and Tennessee [type, 
Washington, D. C., Nash in 1895]. 

Erianthus laxus Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 24: 344. 1897. Near Paola, Fla., 
Swingle 1732a. 

Erianthus tracyi Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 24: 37. 1897. Starkville, Miss., 
Tracy in 1896. 

Erianthus saccharoides var. compactus 
Fernald, Rhodora 45: 252. 1943. Based 
on EH. compactus Nash. 

Erianthus ravennae (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 14, 162, 177. 1812. Based on 
Saccharum ravennae Murr., this based 
on Andropogon ravennae L. 

Andropogon ravennae L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 
2°0ASi.. 1763. Maly. 

Saccharum ravennae Murr. in L., Syst. 
Veg. ed., 18. 88. 1774. Based on 
Andropogon ravennae L. 

Ripidium ravennae Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
169. 1820. Based on Saccharum raven- 
nae Murr. 

ERIANTHUS RAVENNAE Var. PURPURASCENS 
(Anderss.) Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 140. 1889. Based on #. 
purpurascens Anderss. 

Erianthus purpurascens Anderss., Svenska 
Vetensk. Akad. Ofversigt af Forhandl. 
12: 161. 1855. India, Hugel. 

(1) Erianthus strictus Baldw. in EIL, Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 39. 1816. Savannah, 
Ga., Baldwin. 

Saccharum strictum Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 60. 
1818. Based on Ervianthus _ strictus 
Baldw. 

Saccharum baldwinit Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
282. 1825. Based on Erianthus strictus 
Baldw. 

Pollinia dura Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 91. 1836. 
Carolina. 

Andropogon durus Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
a 1:91. 1840. Based on Pollinia dura 

rin. 


(132) ERIOCHLOA H. B. K. 


(1) Eriochlea aristata Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 229. 1886. Southwest 
Chihuahua, Palmer in 1885 [110e]. 


872 


Eriochloa punctata var. aristata Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 11. 1912. 
Based on E. aristata Vasey. 

(6) Eriochloa contracta Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. Based 
on Helopus mollis C. Muell. 

Helopus mollis C. Muell., Bot. Ztg. 19: 
314. 1861. Not Eriochloa mollis Kunth, 
1829. Texas, Drummond 370. 

(5) Eriochlea gracilis (Fourn.) Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 455. 1933. 
Based on Helopus gracilis Fourn. 

Helopus gracilis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 18. 
1886. Oaxaca, Mexico, Liebmann 486. 

ERIOCHLOA GRACILIS var. MINOR (Vasey) 
Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 
456. 1933. Based on £. punctata var. 
minor Vasey. 

Eriochloa punctata var. minor Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 21. 1892. 
Texas, Wright 2087, Nealley. 

Eriochloa terana Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 56: 
Beibl. 125: 12. 1921. [El Paso] Tex., 
Jones 4177. 

(3) Eriochloa lemmoni Vasey and Scribn., 
Bot. Gaz. 9: 185. pl. 2. 1884. [Hua- 
chuca Mountains], Ariz., Lemmon 2910. 

(8) Eriochloa michauxii (Poir.) Hitchce., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 147. 
1908. Based on Panicum michauxit 
Poir. 

Panicum molle Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
47. 1803. Not P. molle Swartz, 1788. 
Florida, Michaux. 

Panicum michauzii Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 4: 278. 1816. Based on P. 
molle Michx. 

Panicum michauxianum Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 227. 1824. Based on P. molle 
Michx. 

Panicum georgicum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
308. 1825. Based on P. molle Michx. 

Eriochloa mollis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 30. 
1829. Based on Panicum molle Michx. 

Eriochloa mollis var. longifolia Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 25. 1886. 
Key West, Fla., Curtiss. 

Eriochloa longifolia Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 21. 1892. Based on 
E. mollis var. longifolia Vasey. 

Eriochloa debilis Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 56: 
Beibl. 125: 12. 1921. [No-name Key], 
Fla., Curtiss 3600. The same form as LE. 
longifolia Vasey. 

ERIOCHLOA MICHAUXII Var. SIMPSONI1 Hitchce., 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. 
Cape Romano, Fla., Simpson 262, 
(Published as EL. michauxii simpsoni.) 

(4) Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C. E. Hubb., 
Kew Bul. Misc. Inf. 1930: 256. 1930. 
Based on Agrostis procera Retz. 

Agrostis procera Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 19. 
1786. India. 

Milium ramosum Retz., Obs. Bot. 6: 22. 
1791. Asia. 

Paspalum annulatum Fligge, Monogr. 
Pasp. 133. 1810. Asia. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Agrostis ramosa Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 1: 257.. 1810. Based on Milium 
ramosum Retz. 

Eriochloa annulata Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
30. 1829. Based on Paspalum annu- 
latum Fligge. 

Helopus annulaius Nees, Agrost. Bras. 17. 
1829. Based on Paspalum annulatum 
Fligge. 

Eriochloa ramosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
775. 1891. Based on Miliwm ramosum 
Retz. 

Eriochloa polystachya var. annulata Maid. 
and Betche, Cens. N. S. Wales Pl. 16. 
1916. Based on EZ. annulata Kunth. 

Thysanolaena procera Mez in Janow., Bot. 
Archiv Mez 1: 27. 1922. Based on 
Agrostis procera Retz., but misapplied 
to T. maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze. 

(7) Eriochloa punctata (L.) Desv. ex Hamilt., 
Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. 5. 1825. Based on 
Milium punctatum L. 

Milium punctatum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 872. 1759. Jamaica. 

Agrostis punctata Lam., Encycl. 1: 58. 
1783. Based on Milium punctatum L. 
Paspalum punctatum Fligge, Mongr. 
Pasp. 127. 1810. Based on Milium 

punctatum L. 

Piptatherum punctatum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 18, 178. 1812. Based on Muil- 
tum punctatum L. 

Eriochloa kunthii G. Meyer, Prim. FI. 
Esseq. 47. 1818. British Guiana. 

Oedipachne punctata Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
oi 1827. Based on Milium punctatum 

Helopus punctatus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 16. 
1829. Based on Milium punctatum L. 

Helopus kunthii Trin. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 747. 1840. Based on 
Eriochloa kunthit G. Meyer. 

Monachne punctata Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 30: 374. 1903. Based on 
Milium punctatum L. 

Eriochloa polystachya var. punctata Maid. 
and Betche, Cens. N. S. Wales Pl. 16. 
1916. Based on E. punctata Desv. 

(2) Eriochloa sericea (Scheele) Munro in 
Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 
12!: pl. 1. 1890. Based on Paspalum 
sericeum Scheele, as shown by Munro 
manuscript in Kew Herbarium. 

Paspalum racemosum Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n; s.) 5: 145. 1837. Not 
P. racemosum Lam., 1791. Red River, 
Ark. [Nuttall]. 

Paspalum sericeum Scheele, Linnaea 22: 
341. 1849. New Braunfels, Tex., Lind- 
heimer. 

Panicum sericatum Scheele ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 58. 1854. Based on Pas- 
palum sericeum Scheele. 

Helopus junceus C. Muell., Bot. Ztg. 19: 
314. 1861. Texas, Drummond 305 and 


368. 
Eriochloa villosa (Thunb.) Kunth, Rév. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Gram. 1:30. 1829. Based on Paspalum 
villosum Thunb. 

Paspalum villosum Thunb., Fl. Jap. 45. 
1784. Japan. 


(167) EUCHLAENA Schrad. 


(1) Euchlaena mexicana Schrad., Ind. Sem. 
Hort. Goettingen 1832; reprinted in 
Linnaea 8: Litt. 25. 1833. Mexico, 
Muhlenfordt. 

Reana luxurians Durieu, Soc. Acclim. Bul. 
Il. 9: 581. 1872. This and the follow- 
ing are names only. They have, how- 
ever, come into frequent use for teo- 
sinte. 

Euchlaena luxurians Durieu and Aschers., 
Soc. Linn. Paris Bul. 1: 107. 1877. 
Based on Reana luxurians Durieu. 

Euchlaena mexicana var. luxurians 
Haines, Bot. Bihar and Orissa pt. 6: 
1065. 1924. Based on Reana luxurians 
“Brogn.”’ (error for Durieu). 

Zea mexicana Reeves and Mangelsd., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 29: 817. 1942. Based 
on Euchlaena mexicana Schrad. 

(2) Euchlaena perennis Hitche., Wash. Acad. 
Sci. Jour. 12: 207. 1922. Zapotlan, 
Jalisco, Mexico, Hitchcock 7146. 


(4) FESTUCA L. 


Festuca amethystina L., Sp. Pl. 74. 1753. 
Europe. 

(9) Festuca arida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 52. 
1903. North Yakima, Wash., Henderson 
2196. 

This species was referred by Piper to 
Festuca eriolepis Desv., a South American 
species not known from North America. 

(83) Festuca arizonica Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 277. 1893. Flagstaff, 
Ariz., Tracy 118. 

Festuca ovina var. arizonica Hack. ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 598. 1896. 
Based on F. arizonica Vasey. 

Festuca vaseyana Hack. ex Beal., Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 601. 1896. Veta Pass, 
Colo., Vasey. 

Festuca scabrella var. vaseyana Hack. ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 605. 1896. 
Veta Pass, Colo., Vasey. 

Festuca altaica subsp. arizonica St. Yves, 
Candollea 2: 267. 1925. Based on F. 
arizonica Vasey. 

Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 
o¢7. 1771. Germany. 

Bromus arundinaceus Roth, Tent. FI. 
Germ. 2: 141. 1789. Based on Festuca 
arundinacea Schreb. 

Festuca elatior var. arundinacea Wimm., 
Fl. Schles. ed. 3.59. 1857. Based on F. 
arundinacea Schreb. 

(25) Festuca californica Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 277. 1893. Oakland, 
Calif., Bolander 1505. 

Bromus kalmii var. aristulatus Torr., U.S, 


873 


Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 157. 1856. 
Mark West Creek, Calif., Bigelow. 

Festuca aristulata Shear ex Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 32. 1906. 
Based on Bromus kalmii var. aristulatus 
Torr. 

Festuca aristulata parishii Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 33. 1906. 
Mill Creek Falls, San Bernardino 
Mountains, Calif., Parish 5036. 

Festuca parishii Hitche. in Jepson, FI. 
Calif. 1: 169. 1912. Based on F’. aristu- 
lata parishit Piper. 

Festuca californica parishit Hitche. in 
Abrams, Illustr. Fl. 1: 222. 1928. 
Based on F. aristulata parishu Piper. 

Festuca altaica var. aristulata St. Yves, 
Candollea 2: 273. 1925. Based on Bro- 
mus kalmii var. aristulatus Torr. 

(31) Festuca capillata Lam., Fl. Franc. 3: 
597. 1778. France. 

Festuca ovina var. 
Landw. Fl. 354. 
capillata Lam. 

(7) Festuca confusa Piper, U.S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 10: 13. pl. 1. 1906. Western 
Klickitat County, Wash., Suksdorf 
1140. 

Festuca microstachya var. ciliata A. Gray, 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 8: 410. 1872. 
Name only, for Hall 639 in 1871, Silver 
Creek, Oreg. 

Festuca suksdorfit Piper in Suksdorf, 
Werdenda 12:2. 1923. Bingen, Wash., 
Suksdorf 5604. 

(26) Festuca dasyclada Hack. ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 602. 1896. Utah, 
Parry in 1875. 

(4) Festuca dertonensis (All.) Aschers. and 
Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 588. 
1900. Based on Bromus dertonensis All. 

Bromus dertonensis All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 
249. 1785. Italy» 

Vulpia dertonensis Volk. in Schinz and 
Keller, Fl.sSchweiz-ed. 2. 57 (not in 
Washington); Dur. and Barr., Fl. Lib. 
Prodr. 269. 1910. Based on Festuca der- 
tonensis Aschers. and Graebn. 

This is the species referred by American 
authors to F. bromoides L. That seems to be 
a mixture; the name is referred to F. myuros 
by European authors. 

(12) Festuca eastwoodae Piper, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 10: 16. 1906. Santa 
Lucia Mountains, Monterey County, 
Calif., Eastwood. 


capillata Alefeld, 
1866. Based on F. 


(17) Festuca elatior L., Sp. Pl. 75.: 2753. 
Europe. : 
_ Festuca pratensis Huds., Ft. Angl. aT. 


1762, England. 

Festuca fluitans var: pratensis Faaes Fl. 
Angl. ed. 2. 47. 1778. Based on F. 
pratensis Huds. 

Avena secunda Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 22. 
1796. Based on Festuca elatior L. 

Bromus elatior Koel., Descr. Gram.:214. 
1802. Based on Festuca elatior Li. : 


874 


Festuca poaeoides Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 67. 1803. St. Lawrence River, 
Michaux. 

Festuca poaeoides americana Pers., Syn. 
Pl. 1:94. 1805. Based on F. poaeoides 
Michx. 

Schedonorus elatior Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
99, 156, 177. 1812. Based on Bromus 
elatior Koel. 

Schedonorus pratensis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
99, 163, 177. 1812. Based on Festuca 
pratensis Huds. 

Festuca americana F. G. Dietr., Vollst. 
Lex. Gartn. Bot. Nachtr. 3: 332. 1817. 
Based on F. poaeoides americana Pers. 


Schenodorus americanus Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 706. 1817. 
(Error for MSchedonorus). Based on 


Festuca poaeoides americana Pers. 

Bromus pratensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
359. 1825. Not B. pratensis Lam., 
1785. Based on Festuca pratensis Huds. 

Bucetum pratense Parnell, Grasses Scotl. 
105. pl. 46. 1842. Based on Festuca 
pratensis Huds. 

Bucetum elatius Parnell, Grasses Scot. 
107. pl. 46. 1842. Based on Festuca 
elatior L. 

Festuca elatior var. pratensis A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 5. 634. 1867. Based on F. 
pratensis Huds. 

Tragus elatior Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
2: 1098. 1895, as synonym of Festuca 
elatior L. 

Gnomonia elatior Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4: 224. 1915. Based on Festuca elatior 


(16) Festuca elmeri Scribn. and Merr., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 29: 468. 1902. 
Stanford University, Calif., Elmer 2101. 

FESTUCA ELMERI var. CONFERTA (Hack.) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 128. 
1934. Based on F. jonestt var. conferta 
Hack. 

Festuca jonesit var. conferta Hack. ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 593. 1896. 
San Jose Normal School, California. 

Festuca elmeri luxurians Piper, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 10:38. 1906. Based on 
PF. jonestt var. conferta Hack. 

Festuca geniculata (L.) Cav., An. Cienc. 
Nat. Madrid 6: 150. 1803. Based on 
Bromus geniculatus L. 

Bromus geniculatus L., Mant. Pl. 33. 
1767. Portugal. 

Festuca gigantea (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauph. 


2: 110. 1787. Based on Bromus gigan- 
teus L. 

Bromus giganteus L., Sp. Pl. 77. 1753. 
Europe. 


Zerna gigantea Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
2: 1249. 1895. Based on Bromus 
giganteus L. 

Forasaccus giganteus Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
383. 1901. Based on Bromus giganteus 


L. 
(8) Festuca grayi (Abrams) Piper, U, S, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 14. pl. 3. 
1906. Based on F. microstachys grayi 
Abrams. 

Festuca microstachys var. ciliata A. Gray 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 585. 
1896. Not F. ciliata Gouan, 1762. 
Grants Pass, Oreg., Howell. Beal’s spec- 
imen is a mixture of F. grayi and F. 
confusa, but the description applies to 
F. grayt. 

Festuca microstachys grayi Abrams, FI. 
Los Angeles 52. 1904. Based on F. 
microstachys var. ciliata A. Gray ex 
Beal. 

Festuca pacifica var. ciliata Hoover, 
Madrofio 3: 227. 1936. Based on F. 
microstachys var. ciliata A. Gray. 

(32) Festuca idahoensis Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 
36:53. 1903. Smiths Valley, Shoshone 
County, Idaho, Abrams 688. 

Festuca ovina var. ingrata Hack. ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 598. 1896. Ore- 
gon, Howell. 

Festuca ovina var. columbiana Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 599. 1896. [Blue 
Mountains], Wash., Lake. 

Festuca ovina var. oregona Hack. ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer, 2: 599. 1896. Ore- 
gon, Cusick 753. 

Festuca ingrata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 608. 1905. Based on F’. ovina 
var. ingrata Hack. 

Fsetuca ingrata nudata Rydb., Colo. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: 50. 1906. “F. 
ovina var. nudata Vasey,” (herbarium 
name only), Colorado [Beardslee in 
1892]. 

Festuca amethystina var. asperrima sub- 
var. idahoensis St.-Yves, Candollea 2: 
260. 1925. Based on F. idahoensis 
Elmer. 

Festuca amethystina var. asperrima subvar. 
robusta St. Yves, Candollea 2: 264. 
1925. Walla Walla, Wash., Pzper 2410. 

(23) Festuca ligulata Swallen, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 19: 436. f. 1. 1932. Guadalupe 
Mountains, Tex., Moore and Steyer- 
mark 3576. 

(3) Festuca megalura Nutt., Jour. Acad. 
Phila. II. 1:188. 1848. Santa Barbara, 
Calif., Gambel. 

Vulpia megalura Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 538. 1909. Based on Festuca 
megalura Nutt. 

(11) Festuca microstachys Nutt., Jour. 
Acad. Phila. II. 1: 187. 1848. Los 
Angeles, Calif., Gambel. 

Vulpia microstachya Munro ex Benth., 
Pl. Hartw. 342. 1857. Based on Fes- 
tuca microstachys Nutt. 

?Vulpia microstachya var. ciliata Munro 
ex Benth., Pl. Hartw. 342. 1857. 
Name only, for Hartweg 281, Sacra- 
mento, Calif. 

Festuca microstachys var. 
Suksdorf, Werdenda 1?: 3. 
gen, Wash., Suksdorf 6236. 


subappressa 
1923, Bin- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(5) Festuca myuros L., Sp. Pl. 74. 1753. 
Europe. 

Avena muralis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 22. 
1796. Based on Festuca myuros L. 

Vulpia myuros K. Gmel., Fl. Badens. 
1:8. 1805. Based on Festuca myuros L. 

Festuca myuros Muhl., Descr. Gram. 160. 
1817. Maryland; Georgia. Probably F. 
myuros L. is referred to, Muhlenberg’s 
specimen being a mixture of this and 
F. sciurea Nutt. 

Distomomischus myuros Dulac, Fl. Haut. 
Pyr. 91. 1867. Based on Vulpia 
myuros K, Gmel. 

Zerna myuros Panz. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
2: 1249. 1895, as synonym of Festuca 
myuros L. 

(20) Festuca obiusa Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 11. 1807. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. Name only, Muhi., Amer. 
Phil. Soc. Trans. 3:161. 1793. Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Poa laxa Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 183. 
1791. Not P. laza Haenke, 1791. 
Virginia. 

Panicum divaricatum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:50. 1803. Not P. divaricatum 
L., 1753. Carolina. (Michaux’s plant an 
old specimen with all but the lowest 
floret fallen from the spikelets.) 

Poa subverticillata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 92. 
1805. Based on Poa laxa Lam. 

Panicum gracilentum Poir. in Lam., 
Encyel. Sup. 4: 276. 1816. Cultivated 
in Paris botanic garden. 

Panicum debile Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 4: 283. 1816. Not P. debile Desf., 
1798. Based on P. divaricatum Michx. 

Panicum  patentissimum Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 448. 1817. Not 
P. patentissimum Desv., 1816. Based 
on P. diaricatum Michx. 

Schedonorus obtusus Bieler ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:710. 1817. Based 
on Festuca obtusa Bieler. 

Poa festucoides LeConte ex Torr. in 


Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 2. 367. 1818. 
New York, LeConte. 
Poa brachiata Desv., Opusc. 100. 1831. 


Based on Panicum divaricatum Michx. 

Festuca pseudoduriuscula Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 312. 1854. Texas, Drum- 
mond 398, 

Steinchisma divaricatum Raf. ex. Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 2: 982. 1895, as doubtful 
synonym of Panicum debile. Rafinesque 
(Bul. Bot. Seringe 1: 220. 1830) cites 
Panicum divaricatum {Michx.] under 
Steinchisma, but does not transfer the 
name, 

Festuca nutans palustris Muhl. ex Piper, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 34. 
1906, as synonym of F. obtusa “Spreng.” 

Festuca obtusa var. sprengeliana St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 276. 1925. Based on F. 
obtusa Bieler. 

(29) Festuca occidentalis Hook., Fl. Bor. 


875 


Amer, 2: 249. 1840. Mouth of Colum- 
bia River, Scouler, Douglas. 

Festuca ovina var. polyphylla Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 597. 1896. 
Cascade Mountains, Oreg., Howell. 

(1) Festuca octoflora Walt., Fl. Carol. 81. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Festuca setacea Poir. in Lam., Encyl. Sup. 
2: 638. 1811. Grown in Jardin du Val 
de Grace, France, source unknown. 
[?Carolina, Bosc. ] 

Festuca parviflora Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 
1: 170. 1816. Orangeburg, S. C 

Diarrhena setacea Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 1: 289. 1817. Based on 
Festuca setacea Poir. 

Festuca octoflora var. aristulata Torr. ex 
L. H. Dewey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
2: 547. 1894. Texas, Nealley. 

Vulpia octoflora Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 538. 1909. Based on Festuca 
octoflora Wali. 

Gnomomia octoflora Liunell, Amer. Mid. 
Nat. 4: 224. 1915. Based on Festuca 
octoflora Walt. 

FESTUCA OCTOFLORA var. GLAUCA (Nutt.) 
Fernald, Rhodora 34: 209. 1932. 
Based on F. tenella var. glauca Nutt. 

Festuca tenella var. glauca Nutt., Amer. 
Polk Soclrans:!((nis.)/-521 47 SSe 
Fort Smith, Ark., Nuttall. 

Vulpia octofiora var. glauca Fernald, 
Rhodora 47: 107. 1945. Based on 
Festuca tenella var. glauca Nutt. 

FESTUCA OCTOFLORA Var. HIRTELLA Piper, 
JUisheS-waNiatl: ‘Herb. Contribs 210.12: 
1906. Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz., 
Shear 1962. (Published as F. octoflora 
subsp. hirtella.) 

Festuca pusilla Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 98. 1862. Califor- 
nia, Nuttall. 

Vulpia octoflora var. hirtella Henr., 
Blumea 2:320. 1937. Based on Festuca 
octoflora subsp. hirtella Piper. 

FESTUCA OCTOFLORA Var. TENELLA (Willd.) 
Fernald, Rhodora 34: 209. 1982. 
Based on F’. teneila Willd. 

Festuca tenella Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 419. 
1797. North America [Pennsylvania]. 
Name only, Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. 3: 161. 1793. 

Schedonorus tenellus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
99, 168, 177. 1812. Based on Festuca 
tenella Willd. 

Brachypodium festucoides Link, Enum. PI. 
1: 95. 1821. Based on Festuca tenella 
L. (error for Willd.) 

Vulpia tenella Heynh., Nom. 1: 854. 
1840. Based on Festuca tenella Willd. 
Festuca tenella var. aristulata Torr., U.S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 156. 1856. 
Name oniy. Napa Valley, Calif., 

Bigelow. 

Festuca gracilenta Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 97. 1862. Northern 
Texas, Buckley. 


876 


Vulpia octoflora var. tenella Fernald, 
Rhodora 47: 107. 1945. Based on 
Festuca tenella Willd. 

(30) Festuca ovina L., Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. 
Europe. 

Festuca ovina var. vivipara L., Sp. Pl. ed. 
2.1: 108. 1762. Sweden. 

Bromus ovinus Scop., Fl. Carn. 1: 77. 
1772. Based on Festuca ovina L. 

Avena ovina Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 22. 
1796. Based on Festuca ovina L. 

Festuca ovina var. duriuscula A. Gray ex 
Port. and Coult., Syn. Fl. Colo. 150. 
1874. Not F. ovina var. durtuscula 
Koch, 1837. Name only, for alpine speci- 
mens from Colorado [ Hall and Harbour 
665]. No reference to F. duriuscula L. 

Festuca amethystina var. asperrima Hack. 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 601. 
1896. Arizona, Rusby 901. 

Festuca minutiflora Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 608. 1905. Cameron 
Pass, Colo., Baker. 

Festuca ovina calligera Piper, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 10:27. 1906. Based on 
F. amethystina var. asperrima Hack. 

Festuca saximontana Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 36: 536. 1909. Banff, 
Alberta, MacCalla 2331. 

Festuca calligera Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 537. 1909. Based on F. ovina 
calligera Piper. 

Gnomonia ovina Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
= 224. 1915. Based on Festuca ovina 

Festuca ovina subsp. saximontana St.- 
Yves, Candollea 2: 245. 1925. Based 
on F. saximontana Rydb. 

Festuca ovina subsp. saximontana var. ryd- 
berg St.-Yves, Candollea 2: 245. 
1925. Based on F. saximontana Rydb. 

Festuca brevifolia var. utahensis St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 257. 1925. Wasatch 
Mountains, Utah; Colorado, Baker 175. 

FESTUCA OVINA var. BRACHYPHYLLA 
(Schult.) Piper, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 10: 27. 1906. Based on F. 
brachyphylla Schult. (Published as F. 
ovina brachyphylla.) 

Festuca brevifolia R. Br., Sup. App. Parry’s 
Voy. 289. 1824. Not F. brevifolia 
Muhl., 1817. Melville Island, Arctic 
America. 

Festuca brachyphylla Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1): 646. 1827. Based on F. 
brevifolia R. Br. 

Festuca ovina var. brevifolia 8S. Wats. in 
King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 389. 
1871. Based on F. brevifolia R. Br. 

Festuca ovina subsp. saximontana var. 
purpusiana St.-Yves, Candollea 2: 247. 
1925. Farewell Gap, Calif., Purpus 
3076, 5117. 

FESTUCA OVINA_ var. 
Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 812. 
Based on F. duriuscula L. 


DURIUSCULA (L.) 
1837. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Festuca duriuscula L., Sp. Pl. 74. 1753. 
Europe. 

FESTUCA OVINA var. GLAUCA (Lam.) Koch, 
Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 812. 1837. Based 
on F’, glauca Lam. 

Festuca glauca Lam., Encycl. 2: 459. 
1788. France. 

The following varieties of F. ovina, recog- 
nized by Piper (North American Species of 
Festuca, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 
26-28. 1906), are based on European 
types. The specimens cited by him are in 
this Manual referred as follows: 

F. ovina sciaphila (Schur) Aschers. and 

Graebn., to F. ovina. 

F. ovina supina (Schur) Hack., to F. 
ovina var. brachyphylla. 

F., ovina pseudovina Hack., to F. ovina. 
(6) Festuca pacifica Piper, U.S. Natl. Herb. 

Contrib. 10: 12. 1906. Pullman, 
Wash., Elmer 262. 

Vulpia pacifica Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 538. 1909. Based on Festuca 
pacifica Piper. 

Festuca subbiflora Suksdorf, Werdenda 1?: 
2. 1923. Bingen, Wash., Suksdorf 
6144, 

Festuca dives Suksdorf, Werdenda 1?: 3. 
1923. Not F. dives Muell., 1863. Bingen, 
Wash., Suksdorf 6153. 

FESTUCA PACIFICA var. SIMULANS Hoover, 
Madrofio 3: 228. 19386. Kern County, 
Calif., Hoover 451. 

(21) Festuca paradoxa Desv., Opusc. 105. 
1831. Habitat unknown [United States]. 

Festuca nutans Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 10. 1807. Not F. nutans 
oe 1794. Pennsylvania, Muhlen- 

erg. 

Poa nutans Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 86. 
Based on Festuca nutans Bieler. 

Festuca shortit Kunth ex Wood, Class- 
book ed. 1861. 794. 1861; A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 6. 669. 1890. 

’Festuca nutans var. palustris Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 399. 1871. 
Eastern States. 

Festuca nutans var. major Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 48. 1883. 
Name only; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
589. 1896, as synonym of F. nutans 
var. shortizi Beal. 

Festuca nutans var. shortii Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 589. 1896. Based on F. 
shortit Kunth. 

Gnomonia nutans Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 224. 1915. Based on “Festuca 
nutans Willd.” 

(10) Festuca reflexa Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862:98. 1862. California. 

Festuca microstachys var. pauciflora 
Scribn. ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer, 2: 
586. 1896. Oregon, Howell. 

Vulpia reflexca Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 538. 1909. Based on Festuca 
refleca Buckl. 


1821. 


“MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Festuca rigescens (Presl) Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: Sup. 31. 1830. Based on 
Diplachne rigescens Presl. 

Diplachne rigescens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
260. 1830. Peru, Haenke. 

(28) Festuca rubra L., Sp. Pl. 74. 1758. 
Europe. 

Festuca ovina var. rubra Smith, English 
Fl. 1: 139. 1824. Based on F. rubra L. 

Festuca duriuscula var. rubra Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 399. 1871. 
Presumably based on F. rubra L. 

Festuca oregona Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 2: 126. 
1877. Oregon. 

Festuca ovina subsp. rubra Hook. f., Stud. 
Fl. ed. 3. 497. 1884. Based on F. rubra 
L. 

Festuca rubra var. littoralis Vasey ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer, 2: 607. 1896. Tilla- 
mook Bay, Oreg., Howell in 1882. 

Festuca vallicola Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Mem. 1:57. 1900. Silver Bow, Mont., 
Rydberg 2108. 

Festuca earlei Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 608. 1905. La Plata Canyon, 
Colo., Baker, Earle, and Tracy 920. 

Festuca rubra prolifera Piper, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 10: 21. 1906. Mount 
Washington, N. H., Pringle in 1877. 

Festuca rubra var. densiuscula Hack. ex 
Piper, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 22. 
1906. Crescent City, Calif., Davy and 
Blasdale 5931. 

Festuca rubra var. prolifera Piper in Rob- 
inson, Rhodora 10:65. 1908. Based on 
F. rubra prolifera Piper. 

Festuca prolifera Fernald, Rhodora 35: 
133. 1933. Based on F. rubra prolifera 
Piper. 

Festuca rubra var. mutica Hartm. forma 
prolifera Hylander, Uppsala Univ. 
Arskr. 7: 83. 1945. Based on fF. rubra 
var. prolifera Piper. { 

FESTUCA RUBRA Var. COMMUTATA Gaud., Fl. 
Helv. 1: 287. 1828. Switzerland. 

Festuca fallax Thuill., Fl. Env. Paris n. 
ed. 50. 1799. France. 

Festuca rubra var. fallax Hack., Bot. Cen- 
tralbl. 8: 407. 1881. Based on F. fallax 
Thuill. 

Festuca rubra subsp. eurubra var. com- 
mutata subvar. eu-commutata St.-Yves, 
Ann. Cons. Jard. Genéve 17: 129. 
1913. Based on F.. commutata Gaud. 

FESTUCA RUBRA Var. HETEROPHYLLA Mutel, 
Fl. Frang. 4: 103. 1837. Based on F. 
heterophylla Lam. 

Festuca heterophylla Lam., Fl. Frang. 3: 
600. 1778. France. 

FESTUCA RUBRA Var. LANUGINOSA Mert. and 
Koch, Deut. Fl. ed. 3. 1: 654. 1823. 
Prussia. 

Festuca arenaria Osbeck in Retz., Sup. 
Prodr. Fl. Scand. 1: 4. 1805. Not FP. 
arenaria Lam., 1791. Scandinavia. 

Festuca rubra var. arenaria Fries, FI. 
Halland. 28. 1818. Based on F. 


877 


arenaria Osbeck. 

Bromus secundus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
263. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Festuca richardsoni Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
2: 250. 1840. Arctic seacoast of North 
America, Richardson. 

Festuca rubra var. villosa Vasey ex Ma- 
coun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 236. 1888. 
Name only, for specimen collected by 
Macoun at Dawson, Yukon Territory. 

Festuca rubra var. pubescens Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 607. 1896. 
Not F. rubra var. pubescens Spenner, 
1825. Oregon, Howell. 

Festuca rubra secunda Seribn., Mo. Bot. 
Gard. Rpt. 10: 39. 1899. Based on 
Bromus secundus Presl. 

Festuca rubra var. subvillosa forma vivi- 
para Eames, Rhodora 11: 89. 1909. 
Newfoundland, Governors Island, 
Eames and Godfrey. 

Festuca rubra subsp. richardsoni Hultén, 
Acta Univ. Lund. n. ser. 38: 246. map 
178c. 1942. Based on F. richardsoni 
Hook. 

The following varieties of Festuca rubra, 
recognized by Piper (North American 
Species of Festuca, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 10: 21-23. 1906), are based on 
European types. The specimens cited by him 
are in this Manual referred as follows: 

F. rubra megastachya Gaud., to F. rubra. 
F. rubra glaucodea Piper (based on F, 
glaucescens Hegetschw.), to F. rubra. 
PF. rubra multiflora (Hoffm.) Aschers. and 

Graebn., to F’. rubra. 

F. rubra pruinosa Hack., to F. rubra. 

FP. rubra lanuginosa Mert. and Koch, to 
F., rubra var. lanuginosa. 

F. rubra kitaibeliana (Schult.) Piper, to F. 
rubra var. lanuginosa. 

(24) Festuca scabrella Torr. in Hook., FI. 
Bor. Amer. 2: 252. 1840. Rocky 
Mountains, Drummond. 

Melica hallii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 296. 
1881. Rocky Mountains, latitude 39° to 
41° [north half of Colorado], Hall and 
Harbour 621. 

Festuca hallii Piper, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 10:31. 1906. Based on Melica 
hallia Vasey. 

Festuca confinis subsp. rabiosa Piper, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 10: 41. 1906. 
Crazy Womans Creek, Wyo., Williams 
and Griffiths 25. 

Daluca hallii Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 
221. 1915. Based on Melica hall 
Vasey. 

Festuca altaica subsp. arizonica subvar. 
hallit St.-Y ves, Candollea 2: 271. 1925. 
Based on Melica hallit Vasey. 

Festuca kingii var. rabiosa Hitche., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 21: 128. 1934. Based on F. 
confinis subsp. rabiosa Piper. 

Hesperochloa kingit var. rabiosa Swallen, 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 54: 45. 1941. 


878 


Based on F. confinis subsp. rabiosa 
Piper. 

FrEsTucA SCABRELLA var. MAJOR Vasey, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib..1: 278. 
1893. Spokane County, Wash., Suksdorf 
118. 

Festuca campestris Rydb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Mem. 1: 57. 1900. Based on F. 
scabrella var. major Vasey. 

(2) Festuca sciurea Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
rans. (n.s.) 5: 147... 183872 Arkansas, 
Nuttall. 

?Festuca quadriflora Walt., Fl. Carol. 81. 
1788. Not F. quadriflora Honck., 1782. 
South Carolina. 

Festuca monandra Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 
1:170. 1816, assynonym of F. myuros 
L., as misapplied by Elliott. 

Dasiola elliotea Raf., Neogenyt. 4. 1825. 
Not Festuca elliotii Hack., 1906. Based 
on Festuca monandra Ell. 

Vulpia quadriflora Trin. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 780. 1841. Based on 
Festuca quadriflora Walt. 

Vulpia sciurea Henr., Blumea 2: 323. 
1937. Presumably based on Festuca 
sciurea Nutt. 

Vulpia elliotea Fernald, Rhodora 47: 106. 
1945. Based on Dasiola elliotea Raf. 

(18) Festuca sororia Piper, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib., 16: 197. 1913. Rincon 
Mountains, Ariz., Neailey 177. 

Festuca subulata var. sororia St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 285. 1925. Based on F. 
sororia Piper. 

(15) Festuca subulata Trin. in Bong., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. 
Nat: 2: 178. 1832; Sitka, Alaska, 
Mertens. 

Festuca jonesii Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 278. 1893. Utah, Jones in 
1880. 

Festuca subulata var. jonesii St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 284. 1925. Based on F. 
jonesit Vasey. 

(14) Festuca subulifiora Scribn. in Macoun, 
Can. Pl. Cat. 2°: 396. 1890. Gold- 
stream, Vancouver Island, Macoun 7. 
(By a slip of the pen the name is given 
as “subulifolia” in a note following.) 

Festuca ambiqua Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 277. 1893. Not F. ambigua 
Le Gal., 1852. Oregon, Howell 19 in 


1881. 

Festuca denticulata Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 589. 1896. Based on F. 
ambigua Vasey. 

(22) Festuca thurberi Vasey in Rothr., Cat. 
Pl. Survey W. 100th Merid. 56. 1874. 
South Park, Colo., Wolf 1154. 

Poa festucoides Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. 
Proc:<lh.-52°723- 4895: Not.-P- fesiu- 
coides Lam., 1791. Mount Ellen, Henry 
Mountains, Utah, Jones 5671. 

Poa kaibensis Jones, Erythea 4:36. 1896. 
Based on P. festucoides Jones. 

Festuca tolucensis subsp. thurberit St.- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Yves, Candollea 2: 304. 
on fF’, thurberi Vasey. 

(13) Festuca tracyi Hitche. in Abrams, 
Illustr. Fl. 1: 220.- 1923. Howell 
Mountain, Napa County, Calif., J. P. 
Tracy 1479. 

Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaud., 
Agrost. Helv. 1:242. 1811. Switzerland. 

Festuca ovina var. valesiaca Link, Hort. 
Berol. 2: 267. 1833. Based on “F. 
valesiaca Gaud.”’ the name spelled 
“‘vallesiaca.”’ 

(19) Festuca versuta Beal, 
Amer. 2: 589. 
texana Vasey. 

Festuca texana Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 138: 119. 1886. Not F. texana 
Steud., 1854. Upper Llano, Tex., 
Reverchon 1618. 

Festuca nutans var. johnsoni Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 548. 1894. 
Harrison City, Tex., Johnson. 

Festuca johnsoni Piper, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 10: 35. 1906. Based on F. 
nutans var. johnsoni Vasey. 

Festuca obtusa subsp. versuta St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 280. 1925. Based on F. 
versuta Beal. 

(27) Festuca viridula Vasey, U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 132: pl. 93. 1893. 
California (probably Summit Station), 
Bolander. 

Festuca howellii Hack. ex Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 591. 1896. Oregon, 
Howell [248]. 

Gnomonia viridula Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 224. 1915. Based on Festuca 
viridula Vasey. 

Festuca viridula var. vaseyana St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 265. 1925. Based on F. 
viridula Vasey. 

Festuca viridula var. howellii St.-Yves, 
Candollea 2: 266. 1925. Based on F. 
howellii Hack. 


1925. Based 


Grasses N. 
1896. Based on F. 


(80) GASTRIDIUM Beauv. 


(1) Gastridium  ventricosum  (Gouan) 
Schinz and Thell., Vierteljahrs. Nat. 
Ges. Ziirich 58: 39. 1918. Based on 
Agrostis ventricosa Gouan. 

Agrostis ventricosa Gouan, Hort. Monsp. 
39. pl. 1.f.2. 1762. France. 

Milium lendigerum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 91. 
1762. Europe. 

Agrostis australis L., Mant. Pl. 1: 30. 
1767. Portugal. 

Alopecurus ventricosus Huds., Fl. Angl. 
ed. 2. 1: 28. 1778. Based on Agrostis 
ventricosa Gouan. 

Agrostis lendigera Neck., Elem. Bot. 3: 
219. 1791. Based on Miliwm lendi- 
gerum L. 

Avena lendigera Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 23. 
1796. Based on Miliwm lendigerum L. 
Gastridium australe Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 

21, 164. pl. 6. f. 6. 1812, Europe. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Gastridium lendigerum Desv., Obs. Angers 
48. 1818. Based on Milium lendigerum 
L 


Chilochloa ventricosa Beauv. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 350. 1840, as 
synonym of Alopecurus ventricosus 
Huds. 

Lachnagrostis phleoides Nees and Meyen 
in Nees, Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. 
Carol. 19: Sup. 1: 14. 1841; 146, 
1843. Valparaiso, Chile. 


(7) GLYCERIA R. Br. 


(1) Glyceria acutiflora Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U. 8. 1: 104. 1828. New York, 
New Jersey, and Massachusetts. Fes- 
tuca brevifolia Muhl. erroneously cited 
as synonym. 

Festuca acutiflora Bigel., Fl. Bost. ed. 3. 
39. 1840. Based on Glyceria acutiflora 
Torr. 

Panicularia acutiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on Glyceria 
acutiflora Torr. 

(4) Glyceria arkansana Fernald, Rhodora 
31: 49. 1929. Varner, Ark., Bush 9 in 
1898. 

(2) Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder, 
Manchester Inst. Proc. 1: 74. 1900. 
Based on Panicularia borealis Nash. 

Glyceria fluitans var. angustata Vasey ex 
Fernald, Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 
2:91. 1895. Maine, Fernald [193]. 

Panicularia borealis Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 348. 1897. Maine, 
Fernald. 

(13) Glyeeria canadensis (Michx.) Trin., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. 
Phys. Nat. 1: 366. 1830. Based on 
Briza canadensis Michx. 

Briza canadensis Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1:71. 1803. Canada, Michauz. 

Megastachya canadensis Michx. ex Roem. 
and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 593. 1817. 
Based on Briza canadensis Michx. 

> Briza canadensis Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
erratum. 1818. Not op. cit. 69. New 
Jersey, near Philadelphia. 

Nevroloma canadensis Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 106. 1819. Based on Briza 
canadensis Michx. 

Poa canadensis Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. 
Wess 12112718238. Based ‘on. Briza 
canadensis Michx. 

Panicularia canadensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on Briza 
canadensis Michx. 

GLYCERIA CANADENSIS var. LAXA (Scribn.) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 128. 
1934. Based on Panicularia laxa Scribn. 

Panicularia laxa Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 21:37. 1894. Mount Desert, 
Maine, Redfield and Rand. 

Glyceria laxa Scribn. in Rand and Redfield, 
Fi. Mt. Desert 180. 1894. Based on 
Pamnicularia laxa Scribn. 


879 


Glyceria canadensis var. parviflora Fer- 
nald, Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc. 2: 
91. 1895, as synonym of G. laza 
Scribn. 

(8) Glyceria declinata Brébiss. Fi. Norman- 
die 354. 1859. Orne River, France. 
Giyceria plicata var. declinata Druce, List 
Brit. Pl. 83. 1908. Presumably based 

on G. declinata Brébiss. 

Glyceria cooket Swallen, Wash. Acad. Sci. 
Jour. 31: 348. f.1. 1941. Mount Shasta 
City, Calif., Cooke 15312. 

(15) Glyceria elata (Nash) Hitche. in Jep- 
son, Fl. Calif. 1: 162. 1912. Based on 
Panicularia elata Nash. 

Panicularia elata Nash in Rydb., N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 54. 1900. Mon- 
tana, Flodman 176. 

Glyceria latifolia Cotton, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 29: 573. 1902. Washington, 
Elmer 721, 

Panicularia nervata elata Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 140. 1906. 
Based on P. elata Nash. 

(16) Glyceria erecta Hitche. in Jepson, FI. 
Calif. 1: 161. 1912. Yosemite, Calif., 
Hitchcock 32501. 

Panicularia erecta Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 309. 1915. Based on Glyceria 
erecta Hitche. 

Glyceria californica Beetle, Madrofio 8: 
161. 1946. Farwell, Tulare County, 
Calif., Purpus 2057. 

Torreyochloa erecta Church, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 36: 168. 1949. Based on Glyceria 
erecta Hitche. 

Torreyochloa californica Church, Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 36: 163. 1949. Based on 
Glyceria californica Beetle. 

(20) Glyceria fernaldii (Hitche.) St. John, 
Rhodora 19: 76. 1917. Based on Gly- 
ceria pallida var. fernaldii Hitche. 

Glyceria pallida var. fernaldii Hitche., 
oe 8: 211. 1906. Maine, Fernald 

ie 

Panicularia fernaldii Hitche. in House, 
N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 233-234: 11. 
1921. Based on Glyceria pallida var. 
fernaldii Hitche. 

Torreyochloa fernaldit Church, Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 36: 164. 1949. Based on 
Glyceria pallida var. fernaldii Hitche. 

(6) Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br., Prodr. FI. 
Nov. Holl. 1: 179. 1810. Based on 
Festuca fluitans L. 

Festuca fitans 1), Sp: Plato. 2 lias: 
Europe. 

Poa fluitans Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 73. 
1772. Based on “Gramen aquaticum 
fluitans’”’ Bauhin, cited by Linnaeus sub 
Festuca fluiians. 

Hydrochloa fluitans Hartm., Gen. Gram. 
Scand. 8. 1819. Presumably based on 
Festuca fluitans L. 

Melica fluitans Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 448. 1825. Based on Festuca 
flutans L. 


880 


Devauxia fluitans Beauv. ex Kunth, 
Enum. Pl. 1: 367. 1833, as synonym 
of Glyceria fluitans R. Br. 

Panicularia fluitans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 782. 1891. Based on Festuca 
fluitans L. 

Panicularia brachyphylla Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 24: 349. 1897. Near 
New York City, Nash. 

(9) Glyceria grandis 8. Wats. ex A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 6. 667. 1890. [Type from 
Quebec, Munro in 1858.] New England 
to western New York, Michigan, Min- 
nesota, and westward. 

Poa aquatica var. americana Torr., FI. 


North. and Mid. U. 8. 1: 108. 1823. 
Massachusetts, Cooley. 
Panicularia americana MacM., Met. 


Minn. Vall. 81. 1892. Based on Poa 
aquatica var. americana Torr. 

Glyceria americana Pammel, Iowa Geol. 
Survey Sup. Rpt. 1903: 271. 1905. 
Based on Pea aquatica var. americana 
Torr. 

Glyceria flavescens Jones, Mont. Univ. 
Bul, Biol. Ser. 15: 17. pl; 2.: 1910. 
Swan Lake, Mont., Jones [9697]. 

Panicularia grandis Nash in Britt. and 
Brown, Illus. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 265. 1913. 
Based on Glyceria grandis 8S. Wats. 

Glyceria grandis forma pallescens Fernald, 
Rhodora 23: 231. 1921. Nova Scotia, 
Bissell, Pease, Long, and Linder 20,026. 

Glyceria maxima subsp. grandis Hultén, 
Acta Univ. (n.s.) 38: 229. 1942. Based 
on G. grandis 8. Wats. 

(3) Glyceria leptostachya Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 95. 1862. 
Oregon, Nuttall. 

Panicularia davyi Merr., Rhodora 4: 145. 
1902. Sonoma County, Calif., Davy 
6005, 

Panicularia leptostachya Piper in Piper 
and Beattie, Fl. Northw. Coast 59. 
1915. Not P. leptostachya Maclosk., 
1904. Based on Glyceria leptostachya 
Buckl. 

(12) Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubb., 
Rhodora 14: 186. 1912. Based on 
Panicum melicaritum Michx. 

Panicum melicarium Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:50. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 
[Michaux’s specimen overmature, all 
the florets but the lowermost fallen.] 

Poa torreyana Spreng., Neu. Entd. 2: 104. 
1821. Massachusetts. 

Poa elongata Torr. ex Spreng., Neu. Entd. 
2: 104. 1821. Not P. elongata Willd., 
1809. As synonym of P. torreyana 
Spreng. 

Poa elongata Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. 
U. S. 1? 112.. 1823: Not WP. ‘elongata 
Willd., 1809. Massachusetts, Cooley. 

Glyceria elongata Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 58. 1836. 
Based on Poa elongata Torr. 

Panicularia elongata Kuntze, Rev. Gen, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on Poa elon- 
gata Torr. 

Panicularia torreyana Merr., Rhodora 4: 
146. 1902. Based on Poa torreyana 
Spreng. 

Glyceria torreyana Hitche., Rhodora 8: 
211. 1906. Based on Poa torreyana 
Spreng. 

Panicularia melicaria Hitche., U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 12: 149. 1908. Based 
on Panicum melicarium Michx. 

(10) Glyceria nubigena W. A. Anders., 
Rhodora 35: 321. f. B. 1933. Cling- 
mans Dome, Great Smoky Mountains, 
Tenn., Anderson and Jennison 1418. 

(11) Glyceria obtusa (Muhl.) Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. 
Nat. 1: 366. 1830. Based on Poa 
obtusa Muh. 

Poa obtusa Muhl., Deser. Gram. 147. 
1817. Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg. Name 
only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 11. 1818. 

Panicularia obtusa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 783. 1891. Based on Poa obtusa 
Muhl. 

(7) Glyceria occidentalis (Piper) J. C. Nels., 
Torreya 19: 224. 1919. Based on 
Panicularia occidentalis Piper. 

Panicularia occidentalis Piper in Piper and 
Beattie, Fl. Northw. Coast 59. 1915. 
Vancouver, Wash., Piper 4905. 

(18) Glyceria otisii Hitchce., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 21: 128. 1934. Jefferson County, 
Wash., Otis 1548. 

Torreyochloa otisii Church, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 36: 168. 1949. Based on Glyceria 
otisii Hitche. 

(19) Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 57. 
1836. Based on Windsoria pallida Torr. 

Windsoria pallida Torr., Cat. Pl. N. Y. 
91. 1819. New York. 

Triodia pallida Spreng., Neu. Entd. 1: 
246. i820. New York, ‘“Windsoria 
pallida Eddy in litt’; Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1:330. 1825. Based on Windsoria 
pallida Torr. 

Poa dentata Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. 
U.S. 1:107. 18238. Based on Windsoria 
pallida Torr. 

Uralepis pallida Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
108. 1829. Based on Windsoria pallida 
Torr: 

Panicularia pallida Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on Windsoria 
pallida Torr. 

Panicularia pallida var. flava Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 203. 1904. 
“Glyceria flava Scribn.”’ ined. Keweenaw 
County, Mich. 

Glyceria flava Scribn. ex Farwell, Mich. 
Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 208. 1904, as syno- 
nym of Panicularia pallida var. flava 
Farwell. . 

Torreyochloa pallida Church, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 36: 164. 1949. Based on Wind- 
soria pallida Torr, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(17) Glyceria pauciflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 257. 1830. Nootka Sound, Van- 
couver Island, Haenke. 

Glyceria microtheca Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 96. 1862. 
Oregon, Nuttall. 

Glyceria spectabilis var. flaccida Trin. ex 
A. Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 
1862: 336. 18638, as synonym of G. 
microtheca Buckl., G. leptostachya Buck]. 
confused with it. 

Panicularia pauciflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on Glyceria 
pauciflora Presl. 

Panicularia holmii Beal, Torreya 1: 43. 
1901. Longs Peak, Colo., Holm 249. 

Panicularia multifolia Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 
36: 54. 1903. Olympic Mountains, 
Wash., Elmer 19389. 

Panicularia flaccida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 
55. 1903. Olympic Mountains, Wash., 
Elmer 1940. 

Torreyochloa pauciflora Church, Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 36: 163. 1936. Based on 
Glyceria pauciflora Presl. 

(5) Glyceria septentrionalis Hitche., Rho- 
dora 8: 211. 1906. New Jersey, Van 
Sickle. 

Panicularia septentrionalis Bicknell, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 35: 196. 1908. 
Based on Glyceria septentrionalis Hitche. 

Panicularia fluitans var. septentrionalis 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 353. 
1920. Based on Glyceria septentrionalis 
Hitche. 

(14) Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchce., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 157. 1928. Based 
on Poa striata Lam. 

Poa striata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 183. 
1791. Virginia; Carolina. 

Poa nervata Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 389. 1797. 
North America. 

Poa striata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 69. 
1803. Pennsylvania, Michaux. 
Poa lineata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 89. 

Based on P. striata Michx. 

Poa parviflora Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 
80. 1814. Not P. parviflora R. Br., 
1810. New York to Virginia. 

Poa sulcata Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 
2: 550. 1817. Not P. sulcata Lag., 
1816. Based on P. striata Lam. 

Briza canadensis Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 69. 
1818. Not B. canadensis Michx., 1803. 
Canada and Pennsylvania. (Canada 
refers to Michaux’s species, Nuttall mis- 
understanding it.) 

Glyceria michauxii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
118. 1829. Based on Poa striata Michx. 

Glyceria nervata Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 365. 
1830. Based on Poa nervata Willd. 

Poa lamarckit Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 362. 
1833. Based on P. striata Lam. 

Glyceria neogaea Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
285. 1854. Newfoundland. 

Panicularia nervata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 


1805. 


881 

2: 783. 1891. Based on Poa nervata 
Willd. 

Panicularia nervata forma major Millsp., 
Fl. W. Va. 473. 1892. Monongalia, 
W. Va. 

Panicularia nervata stricta Seribn., U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 13: 44. 
1898. Colorado-Wyoming State line, 
A. Nelson 3818. 

Panicularia nervata rigida Nash in Rydb., 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 54. 1900. 
Montana, Rydberg 2068. 

Panicularia nervata var. parviglumis 
Scribn. and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 8. 1901. Racine, 
Wis. Wadmond 36. 

Glyceria nervata var. stricta Scribn. ex 
Hitche. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 7. 159. 
1908. Based on Panicularia nervata 
stricta Seribn. 

Glyceria nervata var. rigida Lunell, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 4: 223. 1915. Based on 
Panicularia nervata rigida Nash. 

Panicularia rigida Rydb., Fl. Rocky 
Mount. 83. 1917. Based on P. nervata 
rigida Nash. 

Pamcularia nervata var. filiformis Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 20: 168. 1919. 
Michigan, Farwell 4514. 

Panicularia nervata var. purpurascens 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 20: 168. 
1919. Michigan, Farwell 449514 (first of 
several specimens cited). 

Panicularia nervata var. viridis Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 22: 180. 1921. 
Michigan, Farwell 5234. 

Glyceria striata var. stricta Fernald, Rho- 
dora 31: 47. 1929. Based on Pani- 
cularia nervata stricta Scribn. 

Glyceria rigida Rydb., Fl. Prairies and 
Plains Cent. N. Amer. 122. 1932. 
Not G. rigida Smith, 1824. Based on 
Panicularia nervata rigida Nash. 

Panicularia striata Hitche. in Small, Man. 
Southeast. Fl. 132. 1933. Based on 
Poa striata Lam. 


(109) GYMNOPOGON Beauv. 


(1) Gymnopogon ambiguus (Michx.) B. 8. 

.. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 69. 1888. Pre- 

sumably based on Andropogon ambiguus 
Michx. 

Andropogon ambiguus Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1:58. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Gymnopogon racemosus Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 41, 164. pl. 9. f.3. 1812. Based 
on Andropogon ambiguus Michx. 

Andropogon ambiguus sive latifolius Muhl. 
Cat. Pl. 94. 1813. Suggested change 
of name. 

Anthopogon lepturoides Nutt., Gen. Pl. 82. 
1818. Banks of the Potomac, near 
Harpers Ferry, Va. 

Gymnopogon scoparius Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
237. 1824. New Jersey. 

Alloiatheros lepturoides Steud., Nom. Bot. 


882 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U 
ed. 2. 1: 55. 1840, as synonym of 
Gymnopogon racemosus Beauv. 

Stipa expansa Willd. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 648. 1841, as synonym of 
Gymnopogon racemosus Beauv. 

Gymnopogon distichophyllus Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1:218. 1854. Texas, Seubert 
Herb. [coll. Vinzent] 128; Louisiana, 
Hartmann 57. 

Sciadonardus distichophyllus Steud., Flora 
30: 229. 1850; Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 218. 
1854, as synonym of Gymnopogon dis- 
tichophyllus. Louisiana, Hartmann 57. 

Agrostis boeckeleri Seubert ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 218. 1854, as synonym 
of Gymnopogon distichophyllus. Texas 
[Vinzent 128]. 

Alloiatheros ambiguus Ell. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 83. 1893, as synonym of 
Gymnopogon racemosus. 

Allotatheros aristatus Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 83. 1893, as synonym of 
Gymnopogon racemosus. 

(2) Gymnepogon brevifolius Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 238. 1824. Delaware. 

Anthopogon brevifolius Nutt. ex. Trin., 
Gram. Unifl. 238. 1824, as synonym 
of Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. 

Anthopogon filiforme Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5:152. 1837. Banks 
of the Arkansas and in Delaware. 

(3) Gymnopogen chapmanianus Hitchce., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 306. 1915. San- 
ford, Fla., Chase 4135. 

(4) Gymnopogon floridanus Swallen, N. 
Amer. Fl. 17: 607. 1939. Clay County, 
Fla., Swallen 5596. 


GYNERIUM Willd. ex Beauv. 


Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 188, 153. 1812. Based on 
Saccharum sagittatum Aubl. 

Saccharum sagittatum Aubl., Pl. Guian. 1: 
50. 1775. French Guiana. 

Arundo sagittata Pers., Syn. PL 1: 102. 
1805. Based on Saccharum sagittatwm 
Aubl, 

Gynerium procerum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
Atlas, pl. 24. f. 6. 1812. Based on 
Saccharum sagittatum Aubl. 

Arundo sagittata Aubl. ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 153. 1812. Error for Saccharum 
sagittatum Aubl. 

Gynerium saccharoides Humb. and Bonpl., 
Pl.. Aequin. 2: 105. pl. 115.. 1813. 
Venezuela, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Arundo saccharoides Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 4: 7038. 1816. Based on 
Gynerium saccharoides Humb. and 
Bonpl. 


(164) HACKELOCHLOA Kuntze 


(1) Hackelechloa granularis (L.) Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 776. 1891. Based on 
Cenchrus granularis L. 

Cenchrus granularis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 575. 
1771. East Indies. 


. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Manisuris granularis Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Occ. 25. 1788. Based on Cenchrus 
granularis L. The name was earlier 
given (L. f. Nov. Gram. Gen. 40. pl. 1. 
f. 4-7. 1779) without description or 
basis. Manisuris, based on this species, 
has been credited to Swartz (not 
Manisuris L.), but Swartz does not 
propose the genus as new. He includes 
the original M. myuros L. and adds M. 
granularis. 

Manisuris polystachya Beauv., Fl. Oware 
et Benin 1: 24. pl. 14. 1804. Oware and 
Benin, West Africa. 

Tripsacum granulare Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 306. 1825. Based on 
Manisuris granularis Swartz. 

Rytilix glandulosa Raf., Bul. Bot. Seringe 
1: 219. 1830. Change of name or slip 
of the pen for ‘“‘granularis,”’ ‘“Manisuris 
granularis” being cited. 

Rytilix granularis Skeels, U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 282: 20. 1913. 
Based on Cenchrus granularis L. 


(86) HELEOCHLOA Host ex Roemer 


Heleochica alepecureides (Pill. and Mit- 
terp.) Host, Icon. Gram. Austr. 1: 
23. pl. 29. 1801; ex Roemer, Collect. 
Rem. Bot. 233. 1809. Based on 
Phleum alopecuroides Pill. and Mitterp. 

Phleum alopecuroides Pill. and Mitterp., 
Iter Posegan. 147. pl. 16. 1788. 
Europe. 

Crypsis alopecurotdes Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 
167. 1806. Based on Heleochloa alope- 
curoides Host. 

(1) Heleechloa schoenoides (L.) Host, 
Icon. Gram. Austr. 1: 23. pl. 30. 1801; 
ex Roemer, Collect. Rem. Bot. 233. 
1809. Based on Phleum schoenoides L. 

Phleum schoenoides L., Sp. Pl. 60. 1753. 
Southern Europe. 

Crypsis schoenoides Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
166. pl. 42. 1791. Based on Phlewm 
schoenoides L. This name is spelled C. 
schenoides by Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 23. 
1812. 


(62) HELICTOTRICHON Besser 


(2) Helictotrichon hookeri (Scribn.) Henr., 
Blumea 3: 429. 1940. Based on Avena 
hookeri Scribn. 

Avena pratensis var. americana Scribn., 
Bot. Gaz. 11: 177. 1886. Based on A. 
versicolor as described by Hooker (FI. 
Bor. Amer. 2: 244, 1840), not A. versi- 
color Vill., 1779. Rocky Mountains, 
Drummond [209]. 

Avena hookerit Scribn. in Hack., True 
Grasses 123. 1890. Based on A. versi- 
color as described by Hooker. 

Avena americana Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost.-Bul. 7: 1838. f. 165. 
1897. Based on A. pratensis var. 
americana Scribn. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(3) Helictetrichon mortonianum (Scribn.) 
Henr., Blumea 3: 429. 1940. Based on 
Avena mortoniana Scribn. 

Avena mortoniana Scribn., Bot. Gaz. 21: 
133. pl. 11. 1896. Silver Plume, Colo., 
Shear 697 [type]; Rydberg 2439. 

(1) Helictotrichon pubescens (Huds.) Pil- 
ger, Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 45: 6. 
1938. Based on Avena pubescens Huds. 

Avena pubescens Huds., Fl. Angl. 42, 
1762. England. 

Heuffelia pubescens Schur, Enum. PI. 
Transsilv. 760. 1866. Based on Avena 
pubescens L. (error for Huds.). 

Avenula pubescens Dum., Soc. Bot. Belg. 
Bul. 7!: 68. 1868. Based on Avena 
pubescens Huds. 

Avenastrum pubescens Jess. ex Dalla 
Torre, Alpenfl. 44. 1899. Based on 
Avena pubescens Huds. 


(11) HESPEROCHLOA (Piper) Rydb. 


(1) Hesperochloa kingii (S. Wats.) Rydb., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 39: 106. 1912. 
Based on Poa kingii 8. Wats. 

Poa kingit S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 
40th Par. 5: 387. 1871. East Hum- 
boldt Mountains, Watson 1317. 

Festuca confinis Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 11: 126. 1884. Pen Gulch, Colo., 
Vasey. 

Festuca kingiit Cassidy, Colo. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 12: 36. 1890. On the North 
Poudre, Colo. It may be based on Poa 
kingii S. Wats., though that is not cited; 
there is a description. Proposed as new 
by Seribner, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 5:36. 1897. Based on Poa 
kingu 8. Wats. 

Festuca watsoni Nash in Britt., Man. 148. 
1901. Based on Festuca kingii Scribn. 
Wasatchia kingit Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14:16. 1912. Based on Poa 

king S. Wats. 


(159) HETEROPOGON Pers. 


(1) Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. ex 
Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 836. 
1817. Based on Andropogon contortus L. 

Andropogon contortus L., Sp. Pl. 1045. 
1753. India. 

Heteropogon glaber Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 533. 
1807. Europe. 

Heteropogon hirtus Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 533. 
1807. Based on Andropogon contortus L. 

Andropogon glaber Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 307. 1825. Not A. glaber 
Roxb., 1820. Based on Heteropogon 
glaber Pers. 

Andropogon secundus Willd. ex Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 364. 1829, as synonym 
of Heteropogon contortus. Described in 
Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 558. 1864. 
Not A. secundus Ell., 1821. Antigua, 
Wullschlaegel. 

Heteropogon firmus Presi, Rel. Haenk. 1: 


883 


334, 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Andropogon firmus Kunth, Rév. Gram, 1: 
Sup. 39. 1830. Based on Heteropogon 
firmus Pres}. 

Heteropogon coniortus var. hirtus Fenzl ex 
Hack. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 23: 267. 1883. 
Based on H. hirtus Pers. 

Heteropogon contortus var. glaber Hack. in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 23: 268. 1883. Based 
on H. glaber Pers. 

Andropogon contortus subvar. secundus 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 587. 
1889. Based on A. secundus Willd. 

Andropogon contortus subvar. glaber Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 587. 1889. 
Based on Heteropogon glaber Pers. 

Sorghum contortum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 791. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
contortus L. 

Holcus contortus Kuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 48. 1904. 
Based on Andropogon contortus L. 

Heteropogon contortus subvar. secundus 
Domin, Bibl. Bot. 85:276. 1915. Based 
on Andropogon contortus var. secundus 
Hack. 

(2) Heteropogon melanocarpus  (EIl.) 
Benth., Linn. Soc. Jour. Bot. 19: 71. 
1881. Based on Andropogon melano- 
carpus Ell. 

Andropogon melanocarpus Ell., Bot. 8. C. 
and Ga. 1: 146. 1816. Between Alta- 
maha and Jefferson, Ga. 

Stipa melanocarpa Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
183. 1817. Georgia. Name only, Muhl. 
CatePl 13: ASi3. 

Cymbopogon melanocarpus Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 289. 1825. Based on Andro- 
pogon melanocarpus Ell. 

Trachypogon scrobiculatus Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 347. 1829. Piauhy, Brazil, 
[Martius]. 

Andropogon scrobiculatus Kunth, Rév. 
Gram, 1: Sup. 40. 1830. Based on 
Trachypogon scrobiculatus Nees. 

Heteropogon acuminatus Trin.,Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 
254, 1832. Brazil. 

Heteropogon scrobiculatus Fourn.,, Mex. 
Pl. 2: 64. 1886. Based on Trachypogon 
scrobiculatus Nees. 

Sorghum melanocarpum Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. PI. 2: 792. 1891. Based on Andro- 
pogon melanocarpus Ell. 

Heteropogon melanocarpus Coult., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 493. 1894. 
Based on Stipa melanocarpa Muhl. 

Spirotheros melanocarpus Raf. ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew. 2: 967. 1895, as synonym of 
Heteropogon acuminatus Trin. 


(116) HIEROCHLOE R. Br. 


(1) Hierochloe alpina (Swartz) Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:515. 1817. Based 
on Holcus alpinus Swartz. 

Aira alpina Liljebl., Utk., Svensk FI. 49. 


884 


1792. Not A. alpina L., 1753. Sweden. 

Holcus alpinus Swartz in Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 
937. 1806. Lapland. ~ 

Holcus monticola Bigel., New England 
Jour. Med. and Surg. 5: 334. 1816; 
Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 2, 273. 1818. 
White Hills, N. H., Bigelow. 

Dimesia montiwola Raf., Amer. Month. 
Mag. 1: 442. 1817. Based on Holcus 
monticola Bigel. 

Hierochloé alpina var. aristata Raspail in 
Saig. and Rasp., Ann. Sci. Obs. 2: 85. 
1829. Based on ‘“H. alpina R. Br.” 
(probably in Parry’s Voyage), same as 
Roem. and Schult. 

Dimesia monticola Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 760. 1893, as svnonym of 
Holcus monticola Bigel. 

Savastana alpina Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5: 34. 1894. Based on 
Holcus alpinus Swartz. 

Torresia alpina Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 
2: 300. 1915. Based on Holcus alpinus 
Swartz. 

(3) Hierochloe occidentalis Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 100. 1862. 
Columbia woods, [Oregon], Nuttall. 

Hierochloé macrophylla Thurb. ex Boland., 
Calif. Agr. Soc. Trans. 1864-65: 132. 
1866; S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 265. 
1880. Coast Range, Calif., Bolander 
2279. 

Savastana macrophylla Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 187. 1896. Based on Hiero- 
chloé macrophylla Thurb. 

Torresia macrophylla Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 300. 1915. Based on Hierochloé 
macrophylla Thurb. 

(2) Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv., Ess. 


Agrost. 62, 164. pl. 12. f. 5. 1812. 
Based on Holcus odoratus L. 
Holcus odoratus L., Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753. 


Europe. 

Avena odorata Koel., Descr. Gram. 299. 
1802. Based on Holcus odoratus L. 

Holcus fragrans Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 936. 
1806. Hudson Bay, Canada. 

Holcus borealis Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 
252. 1806. Germany. 

Hierochloé borealis Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 513. 1817. Based on 
Holcus borealis Schrad. 

Hierochloa fragrans Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 514. 1817. Based on 
Holcus fragrans Willd. 

Dimesia fragrans Raf., Amer. Month. 
Mag. 1: 442. 1817. Based on “ Holcus 
fragrans of Mx. and Pursh.”’ In Mich- 
aux the name is Holcus odoratus L. 

Hierochloé arctica Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
252. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Hierochloé odorata var. fragrans Richt., 
Pl. Eur. 1: 31. 1890. Based on Holcus 
fragrans Willd. 

Savastana odorata Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5: 34. 1894. Based on 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Holcus odoratus L. 

Savastana nashii Bicknell, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul p25: 104 placo2s nt isos: 
Van Cortlandt Park, New York City 
[Bicknell in 1897]. 

Hierochloé nashii Kaczmarek, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 3: 198. 1914. Based on 
Savastana nashii Bicknell. 

Torresia odorata Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 301. 1915. Based on Holcus 
odoratus L. 

Hierochloa odorata var. fragrans forma 
eamesit Fernald, Rhodora 19: 152. 
1917. Connecticut, Hames 8734. 

Savastana odorata var. fragrans Farwell, 
Mich, Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 350. 1920. 
Based on Holcus fragrans Willd. 

Torresia nashii House, N. Y. State Mus. 
Bul. 243-244: 58. 1923. Based on 
Savastana nashii Bicknell. 


(95) HILARIA H. B. K. 


(1) Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash, N. 
Amer. Fl. 17: 135. 1912. Based on 
Anthephora belangeri Steud. 

Anthephora belangeri Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum.1:111. 1854. ‘Mexico, Belanger 
1428.” Belanger is evidently an error 
for Berlandier, since Berlandier 1428, 
collected between Laredo and Bejar 
[Bexar], now Texas, agrees with the 
description. Belanger collected in India. 

Schleropelta stolonifera Buckl., Prel. Rpt. 
Geol. Agr. Survey Tex. App. 1. 1866. 
Northwestern Texas. 

Hilaria cenchroides var. texana Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 53. 1890. 
Pena, Duval County, Tex., Nealley 
[600]. 

Hilaria texana Nash in Small, Fl. South- 
east. U. 8. 68. 1903. Based on Hilaria 
cenchroides var. texana Vasey. 

HILARIA BELANGERI var. LONGIFOLIA 
(Vasey) Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 
41: 162. 1928. Based on H. cenchroides 
var. longifolia Vasey. (Published as 
H. belangeri longifolia.) 

Hilaria cenchroides var. longifolia Vasey, 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 24: 80. 1889, 
name only; Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
69. 1896. Islands in Guaymas harbor, 
Mexico, Palmer 347 in 1887. 

(4) Hilaria jamesii (Torr.) Benth., Linn. 
Soc. Jour., Bot. 19: 62. 1881. Based 
on Pleuraphis jamesi Torr. 

Pleuraphis jamesii Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
1: 148. pl. 10. 1824. Sources of the 
Canadian River [Texas or New Mex- 
ico], James. 

Hilaria sericea Benth., Linn. Soc. Jour., 
Bot. 19: 62. 1881. Name only. 

Pleuraphis sericea Nutt. ex Benth., Linn. 
Soc. Jour., Bot. 19: 62. 1881, as syno- 
nym of Hilarza sericea Benth. [Harris 
Fork of the Colorado, Nuttall.} 

(3) Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth., Linn. 
Soc. Jour., Bot. 19: 62. 1881. Based 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


on Pleuraphis mutica Buck]. 

Pleuraphis mutica Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 95. 1862. 
Northern Texas [Wright 760-2108]. 

(5) Hilaria rigida (Thurb.) Benth. ex 
Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 
86. 1882. Based on Pleuraphis rigida 
Thurb. 

Pleuraphis rigida Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 293. 1880. California, Fort 
Mojave and Providence Mountains, 
Cooper (2230, the type]; Fort Yuma, 
Thomas; Colorado Desert, Schott. 

(2) Hilaria swalleni Cory, Wrightia 1: 215. 
1948. Musquiz Canyon, Texas, July 28, 
1938. Sperry T778, type. 


(64) HOLCUS L. 


(1) Holcus lanatus L., Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753. 
Europe. 
Aira holcus-lanata Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauph. 
2:87. 1787. Based on Holcus lanatus L. 
Avena pallida Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 24. 


1796. Not A. pallida Thunb., 1794. 
Based on Holcus lanatus L. 
Avena lanata Koel., Descr. Gram. 300. 


1802. Based on 4Holcus lanatus L. 
Same published by Cav., Descr. Pl. 308. 
1802. 

Ginannia pubescens Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
321. 1901. Based on Holcus lanatus L. 

Notholcus lanatus Nash ex Hitche., in 
Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 126. 1912. Based 
on Holcus lanatus L. 

Nothoholcus lanatus Nash in Britt. and 
Brown, Illustr. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 214. 1913. 
Based on Holcus lanatus L. 

Ginannia lanata Hubb., Rhodora 18: 234, 
1916. Based on Holcus lanatus L. 

(2) Holcus mollis L. Syst., Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
1305. 1759. Europe. 

Aira mollis Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips. 51. 
1771. Based on Holcus mollis L. 

Aira holcus-mollis Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauph. 
2: 88. 1787. Based on Holcus mollis L. 

Avena sylvatica Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 24. 
1796. Based on Holcus mollis L. 

Avena mollis Koel., Descr. Gram. 300. 
1802. Not A. mollis Salisb., 1796. 
Based on Holcus mollis L. 

Ginannia mollis Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 321. 
1901. Based on Helcus mollis L. 

Notholcus mollis Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 
2:304. 1915. Based on Holcus mollis L. 


(49) HORDEUM L. 


(6) Hordeum arizonicum Covas, Madrofio 
10: 16. 1949. Fort Lowell, Arizona, 

J. J. Thornber 5386. Referred to H. 
adscendens H. B. K. in Manual ed. 1. 

(3) Hordeum brachyantherum Nevski, Acta 
Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. U. R. S. S. I. 2: 
61. 1936. Based on HZ. boreale Scribn. 
ae Smith. Not H. boreale Gandog., 
Hordeum boreale Scribn. and Smith, U. S. 


885 


Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 24. 
1897. Aleutian Islands [type, Atka 
Island, Turner 1193] and Alaska to 
California. 

Hordeum nodosum var. boreale Hitche., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 134. 1934. Based 
on H. boreale Scribn. and Smith. 

This is the species to which the name 
H. nodosum WL. has generally been mis- 
applied in this country. 

(4) Hordeum californicum Covas and Steb- 
bins, Madronfio 10: 5. 1949. Hastings 


Reservation, Jamesburg, Monterey 
County, Calif. Stebbins 3944. 
(7) Hordeum depressum (Scribn. and 


Smith) Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
36: 539. 1909. Based on H. nodosum 
var. depressum Scribn. and Smith. 

Hordeum nodosum var. depressum Scribn. 
and Smith, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 4:24. 1897. Type, Lexing- 
ton, Oreg., Leiberg 39. 


Hordeum distichon L., Sp. Pl. 85. 1753. 
Cultivated. 
Hordeum hexastichon L., Sp. Pl. 85. 


1753. Cultivated. 
(8) Hordeum hystrix Roth, Cat. Bot. 1: 
23. 1797. Spain. 
Hordeum gussonianum Parl., Fl. Palerm. 


1: 246. 1845. Italy. 

Hordeum maritimum var. gussonianum 
Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 131. 1890. Based on 
H. gussonianum Parl. 

Hordeum marinum var. gussonianum 
Thell., Vierteljahrs. Nat. Ges. Ziirich 
52: 441. 1908. Based on H. gussoni- 
anum Parl. 


(2) Hordeum jubatum L., Sp. Pl. 85. 
Canada, Kalm. 

?Critesion geniculatum Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 103. 1819. Illinois. 

? Elymus jubatus Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 19. 
1827. Garden specimen, Hordeum ju- 
batum L., doubtfully cited as synonym. 

ee jubatum Nevski in Komorov, Fl. 
U. 8S. S. 2: 721. 1934. Based on 
Hes gubatum L. 


1753. 


HorDEUM JUBATUM var. CAESPITOSUM 
(Scribn.) Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 41: 160. 1928. Based on dH. 


caespitosum Scribn. (Published as H. 
qubatum caespitosum.) 

Hordeum caespitosum Scribn., Davenport 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 7: 245. 1899. Edge- 
mont, S. Dak., Pammel 143; Geranium 
Park, Wyo., Pammel 157 type. 

(9) Hordeum leporinum Link, Linnaea 9: 
133. 1835. Greece. 

Hordeum murinum var. leporinum Arc- 
ang. Comp. FI. Ital. 805. 1882. Based 
on H. leporinum Link. This and H. 
stebbinsii have been referred to Hor- 
deum murinum L. by American authors. 

Hordeum marinum Huds., Fl. Angl. ed. 2. 
57. 1778. England. 

Hordeum maritimum With., Bot. Arr. 

Veg. Brit. ed. 2. 1: 127. 1787. Based 


886 


on H. marinum Huds. 

(1) Hordeum montanense Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 644. 1896. 
Montana, Scribner 429, 480. 

Hordeum pammeli Scribn. and Ball, Iowa 
Geol. Survey Sup. Rpt. 1903: 335. 
1905. Dakota City, lowa, Pammel 3824. 

(5) Hordeum pusillum Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
an 1818. Plains of the Missouri [ Nut- 
tall]. 

Hordeum riehiti Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
353. 1854. St. Louis, Mo., Riehl 181. 

HORDEUM PUSILLUM var. PUBENS Hitchc., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 1933. 
La Verkin, Utah, Jones 5196W. 

Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch, Linnaea 21: 
430. 1848. Caucasus. 

(10) Herdeum stebbinsii Covas, Madrofio 
10:17. 1949. Middletown, Lake Coun- 
ty, Calif., G. L. Stebbins and G. Covas 
3927. 

(11) Hordeum vuigare L., Sp. Pl. 84. 1753. 
Cultivated in Europe. 

Hordeum sativum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 108. 
1805, as synonym of H. vulgare L. 

Hordeum polystichum var. vulgare Doell, 
Rhein. Fl. 67. 1843. Based on d. 
vulgare L. 

Hordeum sativum var. vulgare Richt., Pl. 
Eur. 1: 180. 1890. Based on 4. 
vulgare L. 

HORDEUM VULGARE var. TRIFURCATUM 
(Schlecht.) Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 341. 
1866. Based on H. trifurcatum Jess. 
(probably error for Wender.). 

Hordeum _coeleste var.  trifurcatum 
Schlecht., Linnaea 11: 548. 1887. 
Cultivated at Halle, seed from Mont- 
pellier. 

Hordeum trifurcatum Wender, Flora 26: 
233. 1843. Cultivated in Marburg, 
Germany. 


(124) HYDROCHLOA Beauv. 


Hydrochloa caroliniensis Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 135, 165, 182. pl. 3. f. 18; 
pl. 24. f. 4. 1812. No specific descrip- 
tion except explanation of figures. 
“Zizania natans Mich.” (an unpublished 
name) is cited under the genus, and 
Z. fluitans Michx. is referred in the 
index to Hydrochloa. 'The name for 
pl. 3. f. 18 is given as H. caroliniana. 
Zizania fluitans Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
75. 1803. Not Hydrochloa fluitans 
Hartm., 1819. The published locality, 
Lake Champlain, is an error. The 
type specimen indicates Charleston, 
S. C., Michaux. 

Zizania natans Michx. ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 186. 1812, name only; Bose in 
Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. 
Sci. Nat. 3!: 186. 1840, as synonym of 
Hydrochloa caroliniensis Beauv. The 
name is misspelled Zizania nutans in 
Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 799. 1841. 

Luziola caroliniensis Raspail, Ann. Sci. 


al 


preceot 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Nat., Bot. 5: 304. 1825. Based on 
Hydrochloa caroliniensis Beauv. 
Hydrochloa fluitans Torr., Comp. FI. 
North. Mid. States 354, 403. 1826. 
Not H. fluitans Hartm., 1819. Based on 
Zizania fluitans Michx. 
Hydropyrum fluitans Kunth, Rév. Gram. 


1: 7. 1829. Based on Zizania fluitans 
Michx. 
LIuzola caroliniana Trin. ex Steud., 


Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 79. 1841. Based on 
Zizania natans ‘Bose in Kunth hrb. 
(ex. Trin. mpt:)”. 


(155) HYPARRHENIA Anderss. ex Stapf 


Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf in Prain, FI. 
Trop. Afr. 9: 315. 1918. Based on 
Andropogon hirtus L. 

Andropogon hirtus L., Sp. Pl. 1046. 1753. 
Southern Europe and Asia Minor. 

Trachypogon hirtus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
ae 1829. Based on Andropogon hirtus 

Sorghum hirtum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
792. 1891. Based on Andropogon hirtus 


L. 

(1) Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf in Prain, 
Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 804. 1918. Based on 
Trachypogon rufus Nees. 

Trachypogon rufus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
345. 1829. Piauhy, Brazil, Martius. 
Andropogon rufus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 39. 18380. Based on Trachypogon 

rufus Nees. 

Sorghum rufum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
792. 1891. Based on Andropogon rufus 
Kunth. 

Cymbopogon rufus Rendle, Cat. Afr. PI. 
Welw. 2: 155. 1899. Based on Andro- 
pogon rufus Kunth. 


(48) HYSTRIX Moench 


(2) Hystrix californica (Boland.) Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 778. 1891. Based on 
Gymnostichum californicum Boland. 

Gymnostichum californicum Boland. ex 
Thurb., in S. Wats. Bot. Calif. 2: 327. 
1880. Near San Francisco, Bolander; 
Sausalito, Kellogg and Harford 1107. 

Asperella californica Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 657. 1896. Based on Gym- 
nostichum californicum Boland. 

Asprella californica Benth. ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 657. 1896, as 
synonym of Asperella californica. 

(1) Hystrix patula Moench, Meth. Pl. 295. 
1794. Based on Elymus hystrix L. 


Elymus hystrix L., Sp. Pl. 560. 1753. 
[Virginia, Clayton.] 
Asperella hystrix Humb., Mag. Bot. 


Roem. et Ust. 7: 5. 1790. Based on 
Elymus hystrix L. 

Asprella hystrix Willd., Enum. Pl. 1382. 
1809. Based on Elymus hystrix L. 

Gymnostichum hystrix Schreb., Beschr. 


Gris. 2: 127. pl. 47. 1810. Based on 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Elymus hystrix L. 

Zeocriton hystrix Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 115, 
182. 1812. Presumably based on Ely- 
mus hystrix L. 

Asperella echidnea Raf., Amer. Monthly 
Mag. 4: 190. 1819. Based on Hlymus 
hystrix L. 

Elymus pseudohystriz Schult., Mantissa 
2: 427. 1824. Based on “Elymus hystrix 
Nutt.” (error for L., Nuttall applying 
the Linnaean name correctly). 

Asprella americana Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5: 151. 1837. Arkan- 
sas, Nuttall. 

Asprella angustifolia Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc.irans:.,;(m.s:) 5s 151; 1837.° Ar- 
kansas, Nuttall. 

Asprella major Fres. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2.1: 152. 1840, as synonym of 
Elymus hystrix L. 

Hystrix hystrix Millsp., Fl. W. Va. 474. 
1892. Based on Elymus hystrix L. 

Hystrix elymoides Mackenz. and Bush, 
Man. Fl. Jackson County 39. 1902. 
Based on Elymus hystrix L. 

Hordeum hystrix Schenck, Bot. Jahrb. 
40: 109. 1907. Not H. hystrix Roth, 
1797. Based on Elymus hystrix L. 

Gymnostichum patulum Lunell, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based on 
Hystrizx patula Moench. 

Asperella hystrix var. bigeloviana Fernald, 
Rhodora 24: 230. 1922. Hanover, 
Conn., Williams in 1910. 

Aystrix patula var. bigeloviana Deam, 
Ind. Dept. Conserv. Pub. 82: 117. 
1929. Based on Asperella hystrix var. 
bigeloviana Fernald. 

Elymus californicus Gould, Madrofo 9: 
127. 1947. Based on Gymnostichum 

californicum Boland. 


(148) IMPERATA Cyrillo 


(1) Imperata brasiliensis Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 
2:331. 1832. Brazil. 

Imperata brasiliensis var. mexicana Rupr., 
Acad. Sci. Brux. Bul. 9%: 245. 1842. 
Name only. Mexico, Galeotti 5678. 

Imperata arundinacea var. americana 
Anderss., Ofv. Svensk. Vet. Akad. 
Forh. 12: 160. 1855. British Guiana, 
Schomburgk 665; Mexico, Galeotti 5678; 
Chile, d@’ Urville. 

This is the species described as Imperata 
caudata Cyrillo in Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 
ed. 2. 668. 1883. 

(2) Imperata brevifolia Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 18: 26. 1886. Southern 
California, Parish 1031. 

Imperata arundinacea. subsp. hookeri 
Rupr. ex Anderss., Ofv. Svensk. Vet. 
Akad. Forh. 12: 160. 1855. Texas, 
Drummond Ii. 283. 

Imperata hookeri Rupr. ex Hack. in DC. 
Monogr. Phan. 6: 97. 1889, Based on 


887 


Imperata arundinacea subsp. hookeri 
Rupr. ex Anderss. 

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 8, 165, 166, 177. pl. 5. f. 1. 1812. 
Based on Lagurus cylindricus L. 

Lagurus cylindricus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 878. 1759. Europe. 

Saccharum cylindricum Lam., Encyel. 1: 
594. 1783. Based on Lagurus cylin- 
dricus L. 

Imperata arundinacea Cyrillo, Pl. Rar. 
Neap. 2: 27. pl. 11. 1788. Italy. 


(55) KOELERIA Pers. 


(1) Koeleria cristata (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
97. 1805. “‘Poa cristata auctorum,”’ 
presumably Poa cristata L., used by 
Willd. (Sp. Pl. 1: 402. 1797), Lamarck 
(Tabl: Eneyel, 12 182 0179)),.and 
others. 

Aira cristata L., Sp. Pl. 63. 17538. Europe. 

Poa cristata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 94. 
1767. Based on Aira cristata L. 

Festuca cristata Vill., Hist. Pl Dauph. 1: 
250. 1786. Not F. cristata L., 1753. 
Based on Azra cristata L. 

Koeleria gracilis Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 97. 
1805. Europe. 

Koeleria nitida Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 74. 
1818. Plains of the Missouri. 

Aira gracilis Trin., Fund. Agrost. 144. 
1820. Based on Koeleria gracilis Pers. 

Airochloa cristata Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
127. 1827. Based on Aira cristata L. 
The specific name was misspelled 
“aristata”’ in Link, Handb. Gewachs. 1: 
64. 1829. 

Airochloa gracilis Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 


276. 1827. Based on Keoeleria gracilis 
Pers. 
Koeleria cristata var. nuttalii Wood, 


Class-book ed. 2. 613. 1847. Pre- 
sumably based on K. nitida Nutt. 

Koeleria cristata var. gracilis A. Gray, 
Man. 591. 1848. No definite locality 
cited. Presumably based on K. gracilis 
Pers. 

Brachystylus cristatus Dulac, Fl. Haut. 
Pyr. 85. 1867. Based on Koeleria 
cristata Pers. 

Koeleria nitida var. arkansana Scribn., 
Kans. Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 118. 1885. 
[Arkansas. ] 

Koeleria arkansana Nutt. ex Scribn., 
Kans. Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 118. 1885, 
[Arkansas, Nuttall] as synonym of K. 
nitida var. arkansana. 

Achaeta geniculata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
109. 1886. Mexico, Liebmann 609. 
Koeleria cristata var. major Vasey in 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 218. 1888. 
Not K. cristata var. major Koch, 18387. 
Name only, for Macoun, Vancouver 

Island. 

Koeleria cristata var. pubescens Vasey ex 

Davy in Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif, 


888 


62. 1901. Not K. cristata var. pubescens 
Mutel, 1837. San Francisco, Calif., 
Michener and Biolettt. 

Koeleria cristata var. longifolia Vasey ex 
Davy in Jepson, Fl. West. Mid. Calif. 
62. 1901. Santa Cruz County, Calif., 
Anderson. 

Koeleria cristata pinetorum Abrams, FI. 
Los Angeles 46. 1904. Based on K. 
cristata var. pubescens Vasey. 

Koeleria pseudocristata var. californica 
Domin, Magyar Bot. Lapok 3: 264. 
1904. San Diego, Calif., Pringle in 1882. 

Koeleria elegantula Domin, Bibl. Bot. 65: 
He 1907. Gunnison, Colo., Baker 

Koeleria robinsoniana Domin, Bibl. Bot. 
65: 172. 1907. Wenatchee, Wash., 
W hited 1131. 

Koeleria robinsoniana var. australis Do- 
min, Bibl. Bot. 65: 173. 1907. Bla- 
locks, Oreg., Leckenby 28 in 1900. 

Koeleria gracilis var. dasyclada Domin, 
Bibl. Bot. 65: 211. 1907. California, 
Lemmon in 1882. 

Koeleria pseudocristata Domin, Bibl. Bot. 
65: 222. 1907. With two American 
forms: densevestita, California, Hall 
2206; lara, California, Heller 7448. 

Koeleria pseudocristata var. longifolia 
Domin, Bibl. Bot. 65: 224. 1907. Cali- 
fornia, Nuttall. 

Koeleria pseudocristata var. oregona Do- 
min, Bibl. Bot. 65: 224. 1907. Oregon, 
Nuttall. 

Koeleria pseudocristata var. pseudonitida 
Domin, Bibl. Bot. 65: 224. 1907. 
Wyoming, Nelson 273. 

Koeleria polyantha var. californiensis Do- 
min, Bibl. Bot. 65: 226. 1907. San 
Jacinto Mountains, Calif., Hall 2131. 

Koeleria nitida var. missouriana Domin, 
Bibl. Bot. 65: 283. 1907. St. Louis, 
Riehi 44; Courtney, Mo., Bush 773. 

Koeleria nitida var. californica Domin, 
Bibl. Bot. 65: 233. 1907. Based on 
K. pseudocristata var. californica Do- 
min. With three subvarieties from Cali- 
fornia: transiens, Brandegee 3678; multi- 
flora, Parish Brothers 855; vestita, 
Palmer 405. 

Koeleria nitida var. sublanuginosa Domin, 
Bibl. Bot. 65: 234. 1907. Miranda, 
S. Dak., Griffiths 235. With subvar. 
pubiflora, Washington, Lyall in 1860. 

Koeleria nitida var. laxa Domin, Bibl. 
Bot. 65: 235. 1907. Arizona, Palmer 
in 1890; New Mexico, Metcalfe. 

Koeleria nitida var. subrepens Domin, 
Bibl. Bot. 65: 235. 1907. Arboles, 
Colo., Baker 185. 

Koeleria nitida var. munita Domin, Bibl. 
Bot. 65: 235. 1907. Montana, Rydberg 
3294. 

Koeleria nitida var. latifrons Domin, Bibl. 
Bot. 65: 236. 1907. Nebraska, Rydberg. 

Koeleria nitida var. breviculmis Domin, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Bibl. Bot. 65: 236. 1907. Colorado, 
Baker, Earle, and Tracy 114. 

Koeleria nitida var. caudata Domin, 
Bibl. Bot. 65: 236. 1907. Wisconsin, 
Kumlien 99. 

Koeleria idahoensis Domin, Bibl. Bot. 65: 
237. 1907. Lewiston, Idaho, Heller 
309 (error for 3091). 

Koeleria idahoensis var. pseudocristatoides 
Domin, Bibl. Bot. 65: 238. 1907. 
Nez Perce County, Idaho, Heller 3291. 

Koeleria macrura Domin, Bibl. Bot. 65: 
238. 1907. With three forms: quadri- 
flora, Arizona, Nealley in 1891; triflora, 
Organ Mountains, N. Mex., Wooton 
110; beflora, Chiricahua Mountains, 
Ariz., Toumey in 1896. 

Koeleria latifrons Rydb., Brittonia 1: 84. 
1931. Based on K. nitida var. latifrons 
Domin. 

(2) Koeleria phleoides (Vill.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 
i te 1805. Based on Festuca phleoides 
ill. 

Festuca phleoides Vill., Fl. Delph. 7. 
1785. Europe. 

Koeleria brachystachys DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 120. 18138. Europe. 

Lophochloa phleoides Reichenb., Fl. Germ. 
42. 1830. Based on Festuca phleoides 
Vill. 


(81) LAGURUS L. 


(1) Lagurus ovatus L., Sp. Pl. 81. 
Southern Europe. 


(25) LAMARCKIA Meench 
(1) Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, Meth. 


1753. 


Pl. 201. 1794. Based on Cynosurus 
aureus L. 

Cynosurus aureus L., Sp. Pl. 73. 17538. 
Europe. 


Chrysurus cynosuroides Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
80. 1805. Based on Cynosurus aureus 


Chrysurus aureus Beauv. ex Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 296. 1825. Based on Cynosurus 
aureus L. 

Achyrodes aureum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
2: 758. 1891. Based on Cynosurus 
aureus L, 


(138) LASIACIS (Griseb.) Hitche. 


(1) Lasiacis divaricata (L.) Hitche., U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 16. 1910. 
Based on Panicum divaricatum L. 

Panicum divaricatum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 
10. 2: 871. 1759. Jamaica, Browne. 
Panicum bambusioides Desv. ex Hamilt., 

Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. 10. 1825. Puerto 
Rico. 
Panicum chauvinia Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1:68. 1854. Guadeloupe, Ducharssing. 
Panicum divaricatum var. stenostachywm 


Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 551. 1864. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Jamaica, Alexander, Wilson, March 


[type]. 
(120) LEERSIA Swartz 


(4) Leersia hexandra Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Occ. 21. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 
Asprella hexandra Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 2, 
153. 1812. Based on Leersia hexandra 

Swartz. 

Leersia mexicana H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 195. 1816. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Asprella mexicana Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 267. 1817. Based on 
Leersia mexicana H. B. K. 

Leersia contracta Nees, Agrost. Bras. 516. 
1829. Brazil, Sellow. 

Leersia elongata Willd. ex Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 172. 
1840, as synonym of L. mexicana 
H. B. K. 

Oryza hexandra Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 
27:10. 1871. Based on Leersia hexandra 
Swartz. 

Oryza mexicana Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 
27:10. 1871. Based on Leersia mexicana 


H. B. K. 
Leersia gouinit Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 2. 
Rev. 


1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Gouin. 

Homalocenchrus gouinii Kuntze, 

Gen. Pl. 2:777. 1891. Based on Leersia 
gouint Fourn. 

Homalocenchrus hexandrus Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 777. 1891. Based on 
Leersia hexandra Swartz. 

Leersia dubia Areschoug, Svensk Freg. 
Kugenies Resa 1910: 115. 1910. Ecu- 
ador, Andersson. 

(1) Leersia lenticularis Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer, 1: 39. 1803. Illinois, Michauz. 
Asprella lenticularis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
2, 153. 1812. Based on Leersia lenti- 

cularis Michx. 

Zizania lenticularis Michx. ex Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 182. 1812. Name only, 
doubtless error for Leersia lenticularis 
Michx. 

Homalocenchrus lenticularis Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2:777. 1891. Based on Leersia 
lenticularis Michx. 

Endodia leniicularis Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 840. 1898, as synonym of 
Leersia lenticularis Michx. 

(5) Leersia monandra Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Oce. 21. 1788. Jamaica, Swariz. 
Asprella monandra Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 2, 
153. 1812. Based on Leersia monandra 

Swartz. 

Paspalum cubense Spreng., Neu. Entd. 3: 
12. 1822. Cuba and neighboring is- 
lands. 

Oryza monandra Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 
27:9. 1871. Based on Leersia monandra 
Swartz. 

Homalocenchrus monandrus Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 777. 1891. Based on Leersia 
monandra Swartz. 


889 


(2) Leersia oryzoides (L.) Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788. Based on 
Phalaris oryzoides L. 


Phalaris oryzoides L., Sp. Pl. 55. 17538. 
Virginia. 
Homalocenchrus oryzoides Poll., Hist. Pl. 


Palat. 1: 52. 
oryzoides L. 
Ehrhartia clandestina Web., Prim. FI. 
Hols. 64. 1780. Based on Phalaris 
oryzoides L. 
Asperella oryzoides Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
167. 1791. Based on Phalaris oryzoides 


1776. Based on Phalaris 


L. 

Asprella oryzoides Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 2, 
153. pl. 4. f. 2. 1812. Based on Phalaris 
oryzoides L. 

Leersia asperrima Willd. ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 171. 
1840, as synonym of JL. oryzoides 
Swartz. 

Oryza clandestina A. Br. in Aschers., FI. 
Brand. 799. 1864. Based on Khrhartia 
clandestina Web. 

Laertia oryzoides Gromow. in Trautv., 
Act. Hort. Petrop. 9: 354. 1884. 
Error for Leersia oryzoides Swartz. 

Oryza clandestina forma inclusa Wiesb. in 
Baenitz., Deut. Bot. Monatschr. 15: 19. 
1897. Hungary. 

Leersia oryzoides forma glabra A. A. 
Eaton, Rhodora 5: 118. 1903. New- 
buryport, Mass. 

Oryza oryzoides Dalla Torre and Sarnth., 
Fl. Tirol 6: 142. 1906. Based on Pha- 
laris oryzoides L. 

Leersia oryzoides forma inclusa Do6rfi., 
Herb. Norm. Sched. Cent. 55-56. 164. 
1915. Based on Oryza clandestina forma 
inclusa Wiesb. (Published as new, 
Fogg, Rhodora 30: 84. 1928, same 
basis. ) 

(3) Leersia virginica Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 325. 
1797. North America. 

Asprella virginica Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 2, 
153. 1812. Based on Leersia virginica 
Willd. 

Leersia imbricata Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 3: 329. 1813. Carolina, Bosc. 

Leersia ovata Poir. in Lam., Enecyel. Sup. 
3: 329. 1813. North America. 

Asprella ovata Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 2: 267. 1817. Based on Leersia 
ovata Poir. 

Asprella imbricata Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 268. 1817. Based on 
Leersia imbricata Poir. 

Leersia virgata Raf., Bot. Seringe Bul. 1: 
220. 1830 [probably error for L. 
virginica]. Cited as type of the genus 
Aplexia, but the name not transferred. 

Homalocenchrus virginicus Britton, N. Y. 
Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 14. 1889. Based 
on Leersia virginica Willd. 

Homalocenchrus ovata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 777. 1891. Based on Leersia 
ovata Poir. 


890 


Aplexia virgata Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
1: 162. 1893, as synonym of Leersia 
virginica. 

Aplexia virginica Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 162. 1898, as synonym of 
Leersia virginica. 

Leersia virginica var. ovata Fernald, Rho- 
dora 38: 886. pl. 440. f. 9-13. 1936. 
Based on L. ovata Poir. 


(97) LEPTOCELOA Beauv. 


(2) Leptochloa chleridiformis (Hack.) Paro- 
di, Physis 4: 184. 1918. Based on 
Diplachne chloridiformis Hack. 

Diplachne chloridiformis Hack. in Stuck., 
An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 13: 498. 
1906. Prov. Cérdoba, Argentina, Stuck- 
ert 2329. 

Baldomiria chloridiformis Herter, Rev. 
Sudamer. Bot. 6: 145. 1940. Based on 
Diplachne chloridiformis Hack. 

(4) Leptochloa domingensis (Jacq.) Trin., 
Fund. Agrost. 133. 1820. Based on 
Cynosurus domingensis Jacq. 

‘Cynosurus domingensis Jacq., Misc. Austr. 
2: 363. 1781. Dominican Republic. 

Festuca domingensis Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 
1: 189. 1791. Based on Cynosurus dom- 
ingensis Jacq. 

Eleusine domingensis Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
87. 1805. Based on Cynosurus domin- 
gensis Jacq. 

Rabdochloa domingensis Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 84, 176. 1812. Based on 
Cynosurus domingensis Jacq. 

Leptostachys domingensis G. Meyer, Prim. 
Fl. Esseq. 74. 1818. Based on Hleusine 
domingensis Pers. 

Cynodon domingense Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on 
Rabdochloa demingensis Beauv. 

Leptochloa virgata var. domingensis Link 
ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 538. 1864. 
Based on L. domingensis Link (same as 
L. domingensis Trin.). 

Diplachne domingensis Chapm., Fl. South. 
U. S. ed. 3. 609. 1897. Based on 
Leptochioa domingensis Link (same as 
L. domingensis Trin.). 

(1) Leptochlea dubia (H. B. K.) Nees, Syll. 
Pl. Ratisb. 1: 4. 1824. Based on 
Chloris dubia H. B. K. 

Chloris dubia H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 169. 1816. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Benpland. 

Leptostachys dubia G. Meyer, Prim. FI: 
Ksseq. 74. 1818. Based on Chloris 
dubia H. B. K. 

Festuca obtusiflora Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 356. 1825. Mexico. 

Schismus patens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
269. 1830. Chile, Haenke. 

Leptochloa patens Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 22. 1830. Based on Schismus 
patens Presl. 

Leptochloa obtusiflora Trin. ex Steud., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 30. 
nonym of L. dubia Nees. 
Diplachne patens Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 
S ait 1853. Based on Schismus patens 
resl. 


1841, as syn- 


Uralepis brevicuspidata Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 98. 1862. 
Texas [Wright 767]. 

Ipnum mendocinum R. A. Phil., An. 


Univ. Chile 36: 211. 
Argentina. 

Diplachne dubia Seribn., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10: 380. 1883. Based on Leptochloa 
dubia Nees. 

Molinia retusa Griseb. ex Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 147. 1886, as synonym of Lep- 
tochloa dubia Nees. 

Diplachne dubia var. aristata Vasey, 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. II. 2: 213. 1889. 
Naime only. Baja California, Brandegee. 

Leptochloa pringlet Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 436. 1896. Arizona, Pringle in 
1884. 

Diplachne pringlet Vasey ex Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 4386. 1896, as synonym 
of Leptochloa pringlet. 

Diplachne mendocina Wurtz, Bol. Acad. 
Cienc. Cérdoba 15: 521. 1897. Based 
on Ipnum mendocinum R. A. Phil. 

Diplachne dubia var. pringleana Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 37: 349. 1898. Chi- 
huahua, Mexico, Pringle 422. 

Diplachne dubia var. humboldtiana Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 3?: 349. 1898. Pre- 
sumably the original form collected by 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Leptochloa dubia pringleana Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 24: 27. 1901. Based on Diplachne 
dubia var. pringleana Kuntze. 

Rabdochica dubia Wuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11:121. 1904. 
Based on Leptochloa dubia Nees. 

Sieglingia dubia Kuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 128. 1904. 
Based on Chloris dubia H. B. K. 

Eragrostis mendozina Jedw., Bot. Archiv 
Mez 5: 192. 1924. Based on Ipnum 
mendocinum Phil. 

(7) Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray, 
Man. 588. 1848. Based on Festuca 
fascicularis Lam. 

Festuca fascicularis Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
189. 1791. South America. 

Festuca polystachya Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 66. 1803. Illinois, Michauz. 

Diplachne fascicularis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
81, 160. pl. 16. f. 9. 1812. Based on 
Festuca fascicularis Lam. 

Festuca procumbens Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
160. 1817. Carolina. Name only, 
Muhl., Cat. Pl. 13. 1818. 

Festuca clandestina Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
162. 1817. New York. Name only, 
Muhi., Cat. Pl. 13. 18138: 

Festuca aquatica Bose ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 615. 1817, as 


1870. Mendoza, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 891 


synonym of Diplachne fascicularis 
Beauv. 

Cynodon fascicularis Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat. Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on 
Diplachne fascicularis Beauv. 

Leptochloa polystachya Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 91. 1829. Based on Festuca poly- 
stachya Michx. 

Diachroa procumbens Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5: 147. 1837. Based 
on Festuca procumbens Muhl. 

Festuca texana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
310. 1854. Texas, Drummond 387. 

Uralepsis composita Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 94. 1862. New 
Mexico, Woodhouse. 

Diplachne patens Fourn. ex HemslL., 
Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 8: 570. 1885, 
name only; Mex. Pl. 2: 148. 1886. 
Not D. patens Desv., 1853. Vera Cruz, 
Mexico, Gowin 93. 

Diplachne tracyi Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 40. 1888. Reno, Nev., Tracy 
[216]. 

Leptochloa tracyt Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 4386. 1896. Based on. Diplachne 
tracyt Vasey. 

Festuca prostrata Muhl. ex Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 27: 5. 1900, as synonym of F. 
procumbens Muhl. 

Diplachne procumbens Nash in Britton, 
Man. 128. 1901. Not D. procumbens 
Arech., 1896. Based on Festuca pro- 
cumbens Muhl. 

Diplachne acuminata Nash in Britton, 
Man. 128. 1901. Arkansas to Nebraska 
ae Uolotado, [Type, Kansas, Thomp- 
son. 

Diplachne maritima Bicknell, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 35: 195. 1908. Based on D. 
procumbens Nash. 

(5) Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 71, 161, 166. 1812. Based 
on Festuca filiformis Lam. 

Festuca fiiformis Lam., Tabl. Eneyel. 1: 
191. 1791. South America. 

Eleusine mucronata Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 65. 1803. Illinois, Michaux. 

Eleusine filiformis Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 87. 
1805. South America. 

Eleusine sparsa Muhl., Cat. Pl. 12. 
1813. Based on EH. filiformis Pers.; 
Descr. Gram. 135. 1817. Carolina and 
Georgia. 

Oxydenia attenuata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
76. 1818. New Orleans, La. [ Nuttall]. 

Leptostachys filiformis G. Meyer, Prim. 
Fl. Esseq. 74. 1818. Based on Hleusine 
filiformis Pers. 

Leptochloa mucronata Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1:91. 1829. Based on Hleusine mucro- 
nata Michx. 

Aira panicea Willd. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 1: 45. 1840, as synonym of 
Leptochloa filiformis Beauv. 

Kleusine stricta Willd. ex Steud. Nom. 


Bot. ed. 2. 1: 549. 1840. Not £. 
stricta Roxb., 1820. As synonym of 
Leptochloa filifermis Beauv. 

Hleusine elongata Willd. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 549. 1840, as synonym 
of Leptochloa filiformis Beauv. 

Leptochloa brachiata Steud., Syn. PIL. 
Glum. 1: 209. 1854. Guadeloupe, 
Duchaissing. 

Leptochloa attenuata Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 209. 1854. Based on Oxydenia 
attenuata Nutt. 

Leptochloa pellucidula Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 209. 1854. Panama, Du- 
chaissing. 

Leptochloa paniculata Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. II. 27: 296. 1880. Nica- 
ragua, Levy 1079. 

Leptochloa mucronata var. pulchellaSeribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 147. 1882. 
Santa Cruz Valley, Ariz., Pringle in 
1881. 

Oxydenia filiformis Nutt. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 392. 1894, as synonym of 
Leptochioa filiformis Beauv. 

Leptochloa pilosa Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 82: 9. 1901. 
Travis County, Tex., Bodin 294 in 
1891. 

Leptochloa  filiformis forma attenuata 
Gates, Kans. State Col. Agr., Dept. 
Bot. Contrib. 391: 130. 1940. Based 
on Oxydenia attenuata Nutt. 

(9) Leptochioa nealleyi Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 12: 7. 1885. Texas, Nealley. 

Leptochloa stricta Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 147. 

1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Gouin 73. 

(11) Leptochloa panicoides (Presl) Hitche., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 187. 1934. Based 
on Megastachya panicoides Presl. (Not 
invalidated by L. panicoides Wight, 
1854; listed as a synonym only.) 

Megastachya panicoides Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 283. 1830. Acapulco, Mexico, 
Haenke. 

Poa panicoides Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 28. 1830. Based on Megastachya 
panicoides Presl. 

Eragrostis panicoides Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 278. 1854. Based on Mega- 
stachya panicoides Presl. 

Lepiechloa floribunda Doell in Mart., FI. 
Bras. 2%: 89. 1878. Amazon River, 
Brazil. 

Diplachne halei Nash, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Bul. 1: 292. 1899. Louisiana, Hale. 
Leptochloa halet Scribn. and Merr., U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 27. 
1901. Based on Diplachne haleit Nash. 
(10) Leptochloa scabra Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
435. 1829. Amazon River, Brazil. 

Leptochloa langloisti Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
nue Bul. 12:7. 1885. Louisiana, Lang- 
ous, 

Leptochloa uebmanni Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
147, 1886. Antigua, Mexico, Liebmann 
244, 248. 


892 


(8) Leptochloa uninervia (Presl) Hitche. 
and Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
18: 383. 1917. Based on Megastachya 
uninervia Presl. 

Megastachya uninervia Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 283. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Poa uninervia Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. XXVIII. 1830. Based on Mega- 
stachya uninervia Presl. 

Diplachne verticillata Nees and Mey., 
Nov. Act. Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 19: 
Sup. 1:27. 1841; 159. 1843. Chile and 
Peru, Meyen. 

Uralepis verticillata Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 248. 1854. Based on Dziplachne 
verticillata Nees and Mey. 

Eragrostis uninervia Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum, 1: 278. 1854. Based on Mega- 
stachya uninervia Presl. 

Atropis carinata Griseb., Abh. Ges. Wiss. 
Gottingen 24: 291. 1879. Argentina. 
Leptochloa imbricata Thurb. in 8S. Wats., 
Bot. Calif. 2: 298. 1880. California, 
Larken’s Station, San Diego County, 
Palmer 404; Fort Yuma, Thomas; Gila 
Valley to Rio Grande. 

Diplachne imbricata Scribn., Torrey Bot. 


Club Bul. 10: 30. 1883. Based on 
Leptochloa imbricata Thurb. 
Brizopyrum uninervium Fourn., Mex. 


Pl]. 2:121. 1886. Based on Megastachya 
uninervia Presl. 

Leptochloa virletii Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
147. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 1404. 

Diplachne tarapacana Phil., An. Mus. 
Nac. Chile. Bot. 8:88. 1891. Tarapaca, 
Chile. 

Rabdochloa imbricata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl, 2: 788. 1891. Based on Leptochloa 
imbricata Thurb. 

Diplachne carinata Hack., Bol. Acad. 
Cienc. Cérdoba 16: 253. 1900. Based 
on Atropis carinata Griseb. 

Diplachne uninervia Parodi, Univ. Nae. 
Buenos Aires Rev. Céntr. Estud. 18: 
147. 1925. Based on Megastachya unt- 
nervia Pres}. 

(3) Leptochloa virgata (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 71, 161, 166. pl. 15. f. 1. 1812. 
Based on Lleusine virgata Pers., which 
is based on Cynosurus virgatus L. 

Cynosurus virgatus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
876. 1759. Jamaica. 

Festuca virgata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
oe 1791. Based on Cynosurus virgatus 

Eleusine virgata Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 87. 
1805. Based on Cynosurus virgatus L. 

Chloris poaeformis H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 169. 1816. Colombia and 
Ecuador, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Leptostachys virgata G. Meyer, Prim. Fl. 
Esseq. 74. 1818. Based on Cynosurus 
virgatus Willd. [error for L.]. 

Cynodon virgatus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on Leptochloa 
virgata Beauv. 

Eleusine unioloides Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 549. 1840, as 
synonym of Leptochloa virgata Pers. 

Leptochloa mutica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 208. 1854. Surinam [Dutch Guiana] 
Kappler 1553. 

Leptochloa virgata var. mutica Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 23: 91. 1878. Based 
on L. mutica Steud. 

Leptochloa virgata var. aristata Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 146. 1886. Mexico. 

Leptochloa virgata var. intermedia Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 146. 1886. Mexico, Lieb- 
mann 248, 251. 

Oxydenia virgata Nutt. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 392. 1894, as synonym of 
Leptochloa virgata. 


? 


Leptochloa perennis Hack., Inf. Est. 
Centr. Agron. Cuba 1: 411. 1906. 
Cuba, Baker 4617. 

(6) Leptochloa viscida (Scribn.) Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 434. 1896. Based 


on Diplachne viscida Scribn. 

Diplachne viscida Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 10: 30. 1883. Santa Cruz 
Valley, Tucson, Ariz., Pringle in 1881. 


(130) LEPTOLOMA Chase 


(2) Leptoloma arenicola Swallen, Tex. Res. 
Found. Contrib. 1: 1. 1950. Kennedy 
County, Tex., Swallen. 

(1) Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase, 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 19: 192. 1906. 
Based on Panicum cognatum Schult. 

?Panicum nudum Walt., Fl. Carol. 73. 
1788. South Carolina. Description in- 
adequate, no specimen in the Walter 
Herbarium in the British Museum. 

Panicum divergens Muhl. ex EIl., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 130. 1816. Not P. 
divergens H. B. K., 1815. South Caro- 
lina. Name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 9. 
1813. 

Panicum cognatum Schult., Mantissa 2: 
235. 1824. Based on P. divergens Muhl. 

Panicum autumnale Bosc. ex Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1: 320. 1825. Origin un- 
known. 

Panicum fragile Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
36. 1829. Based on P. divergens Muhl. 

Panicum autumnale var. pubiflorum Vasey 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 508. 1894. Texas. 

Digitaria cognatar Pilger in Engl. and 
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 14e: 50. 
1940. Based on Panicum cognatum 
Schult. 


(75) LIMNODEA L. H. Dewey 


(1) Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) L. H. 
Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
518. 1894. Based on Greenia arkansana 
Nutt. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Greenia arkansana Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. (n.s.) 5: 142. 1837. Red River, 
Ark. 

Sclerachne arkansana Torr. ex Trin., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
41: 274. 1841. Based on Greenia 
arkansana Nutt. 

Sclerachne pilosa Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 275. 1841. 
Texas, Drummond. 

Timnas arkansana_ Trin. 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 45. 
Greenia arkansana Nutt. 

Stipa demissa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
130. 1854. New Orleans, La., Drum- 
mond 465. 

Muhlenbergia hirtula Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 180. 1854. Texas, Drum- 
mond, 

Limnas pilosa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
421. 1854. Based on Sclerachne pilosa 
Trin. 

Thurberia arkansana Benth. ex Vasey, 
U. 8S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 16. 
1883. Based on Greenia arkansana 
Nutt. 

Thurberia pilosa Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr. 
Spec. Rpt. 63: 16. 1883. Based on 
Sclerachne pilosa Trin. 

Limnodea arkansana pilosa Scribn., U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 7 (ed. 3): 
ae 1900. Based on Sclerachne pilosa 

rin. 


ex Steud., 
1841. Based on 


(50) LOLIUM L. 


(2) Lolium multiflorum Lam., Fl. Frange. 3: 
621. 1778. France. 

Lolium scabrum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
267. 1830. Peru, Haenke. 

Lolium italicum A. Br., Flora 17: 241. 
1834. Europe. 

Lolium perenne var. italicum Parnell, 
Grasses Scotl. 11: 142. pl. 65. 1842. 
Presumably based on L. italicum A. Br. 

Lolium perenne var. multiflorum Parnell, 
Grasses Brit. 302. pl. 140. 1845. 
Presumably based on L. multiflorum 
Lam. 

Lolium multiflorum forma microstachyum 
Uechtritz, Jahresb. Schles. Ges. Vaterl. 
Cult. 1876: 334. 1880. Germany. 

Lolium temulentum var. multiflorum 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 779. 1891. 
Based on L. multiflorum Lam. 

Lolium multiflorum var. italicum Beck., 
Wiss. Mitt. Bosn. Herzeg. 9: 459. 
1904. Based on L. ttalicum A. Br. 

Lolium multiflorum var. diminutum Mutel, 
as used by Harger et al. (Conn. State 
Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey Bul. 48: 25. 
1930) appears to be L. multiflorum. 
Mutel’s variety, described from France, 
is uncertain. 

LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM var. RAMOSUM Guss. 
ex Arcang. Comp. FI. Ital. 799. 1882. 
Sicily and Corsica. 


893 


(1) Lolium perenne L., Sp. Pl. 83. 1753. 
Europe. 


Lolium brasilianum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 


443. 1829. Montevideo, Sellow. 
Lolium canadense Bernh. in Rouv., 
Monogr. Lolium 27. 1853. Not L. 


canadense Michx., 1817. As synonym 
of L. perenne L. 

Lolium perenne var. pacyi Sturtev., N. Y. 
State Agr. Expt. Sta. Rpt. 18821: 77. 
1883. Name only, Experiment Station, 
Geneva, N. Y. 

LoLIUM PERENNE var. CRISTATUM Pers., 
Syn. Pl. 1: 110. 1805. Europe. 

(4) Lolium persicum Boiss. and Hohen. in 
Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. Nov. I. 213: 
oe 1858. Northern Persia, Kotschy 

8. 

Lolium remotum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 382. 
1789 (description inadequate); Schrank 
ex Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 63. 
1800. Germany. 

Lolium strictum Presl, Cyp. Gram. Sicul. 49. 
1820. Sicily. : 

(5) Lolium subulatum Vis. Fl. Dalm. 1: 
90. pl. 3. 1842. Europe. 

(3) Lolium temulentum L., Sp. Pl. 83. 
1753. Europe. 

Craepalia temulenta Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 
ore 1789. Based on Lolium temulentum 

LoLIuM TEMULENTUM var. LEPTOCHAETON 
A. Br., Flora 1: 252. 1834. Germany. 

Lolium arvense With., Bot. Arr. Veg. Brit. 
ed. 3. 2: 168. 1796. Great Britain. 

Lolium temulentum var. arvense Bab., 
Man. Brit. Bot. 377. 1843. Based on 
L. arvense With. 


(123) LUZIOLA Juss. 


(2) Luziola bahiensis (Steud.) Hitchce., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 234. 
1909. Based on Caryochloa bahiensis 
Steud. 

Caryochloa bahiensis Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 5. 1854. Bahia, Brazil. 

Luziola alabamensis Chapm., Fl. South. 
U. S. 584. 1860. Brooklyn, Conecuh 
County, Ala., Beaumont. 

Luziola longivalvula Doell in Mart., FI. 
Bras. 22: 17. 1871. Bahia, Brazil, 
Salzmann [type]; Minas Geraes, Wid- 
gren, Regnell III. 1376. (Misspelled 
longwalvulva but correct in index.) 

Luziola striata Bal. and Poitr., Soc. Hist. 
Nat. Toulouse Bul. 12: 231. pl. 4. f. 2. 
1878. Paraguay, Balansa 181. 

Luziola pusilla 8. Moore, Linn. Soc. Bot. 
Trans. II. 4: 507. pl. 37. f. 1-8. 1895. 
Santa Cruz, Mato Grosso, Brazil, Moore 
760. 

Luziola bahiensis var. alabamensis Pro- 
doehl, Bot. Archiv Mez 1: 242. 1922. 
Based on Luziola alabamensis Chapm. 


894 


(1) Luziola peruviana Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 
637. 1791. Based on a species described 
but not named by Jussieu, Gen. Pl. 33. 
1789, Peru, Dombey. 


(78) LYCURUS H. B. K. 


(1) Lycurus phleoides H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 142. pl..45. 1815. Mexico, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Pleopogon setosum Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Jour. II. 1:.189. 1848. Santa 
Fe, N. Mex., Gambel. 

Lycurus phleoides var. glaucifolius Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 271. 1896. 
Mexico, Pringle 426; Texas, Havard, 
Nealley. 


(163) MANISURIS L. 


(1) Manisuris altissima (Poir.) Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 24: 292. 1934. 
Based on Rottboellia altissima Poir. 

Rotiboellia altissima Poir., Voy. Barb. 2: 
105. 1789. North Africa. 

Roettboellia fasciculata Lam., Tabl. En- 
eycl. 1: 204. 1791. North Africa. 

Hemarthria fasciculata Kunth, Rév. Gram. 


1: 153. 1829. Based on Rottboellia 
fasciculata Lam. 
Rotiboellia compressa var. fasciculata 


Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 286. 
1889. Based on R. fasciculata Lam. 
Manisuris fasciculata Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 299. 1915. Based on Rott- 

boellia fasciculata Lam. 

(2) Manisuris cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 779. 1891. Based 
on Tripsacum cylindricum Michx. 

?’Ischaemum scariosum Walt., Fl. Carol. 
249, 1788. South Carolina. 

Tripsacum cylindricum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 60. 1803. Florida, Michaux. 

Rottboellia campestris Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5: 151. 18387. Ar- 
kansas [ Nuttall]. 

Rottboellia cylindrica Torr., U. S. Expl. 
Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 159. 1857. Not 
R. cylindrica Willd., 1797. Based on 
Tripsacum cylindricum Michx. 

Coelorachis cylindrica Nash, N. Amer. FI. 
17: 85. 1909. Based on Tripsacum 
cylindricum Michx. 

Manisuris campestris Hitche. in Small, 
Man. Southeast. Fl. 41. 19383. Based 
on fottboellia campestris Nutt. 

(4) Manisuris rugosa (Nutt.) Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891. Based on 
Rottboellia rugosa Nutt. 

Rottboellia rugosa Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 84. 
1818. Florida, Baldwin. 

Rottboellia corrugata Baldw., Amer. Jour. 
Sci. 1: 355. 1819. Camden County, 
Ga., Baldwin. 

Hemarthria rugosa Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
tie 1829. Based on Rottboellia rugosa 

utt. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Rottboellia rugosa var. chapmani Hack. in 
DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 308. 1889. 
Florida, Chapman. 

Manisuris corrugata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 779. 1891. Based on Lottboellia 
corrugata Baldw. 

Manisuris rugosa var. chapmani Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 28. 1894. 
Based on Rottboellia rugosa var. chap- 
mant Hack. 

Manisuris chapmani Nash in Small, Fi. 
Southeast. U. 8. 56. 1903. Based on 
Rottboellia rugosa var. chapmani Hack. 

Coelorachis rugosa Nash, N. Amer. FI. 17: 
86. 1909. Based on Rottboellia rugosa 
Nutt. 

Coelorachis corrugata A. Camus, Ann. 
Soc. Linn. Lyon 68: 197. 1921. Based 
on Rottboellia corrugata Baldw. 

(3) Manisuris tessellata (Steud.) Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 20: 


20. f. 9. 1900. Based on Rottboellia 
tessellata Steud. 
Rottboellia tessellata Steud., Syn. PI. 


Glum. 1: 362. 
60. 

Rottboellia corrugata var. areolata Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 309. 1889. 
Mobile, Ala., Mohr in 1884. 

Manisuris corrugata var. areolata Mohr, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 21. 1897. 
Based on Rottboellia corrugata var. 
areolata Hack. 

Manisuris tessellata var. areolata Scribn., 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
17 (ed. 2): 9. 1901. Presumably based 
on Rottboellia corrugata var. areolata 
Hack. 

Coelorachis tessellata Nash, N. Amer. FI. 
17: 86. 1909. Based on Rottboellia 
tessellata Steud. 

(5) Manisuris tuberculosa Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 480. 1900. Eustis, 
Fla., Nash 1074. 

Coelorachis tuberculosa Nash, N. Amer. 
Fl. 17: 86. 1909. Based on Manisuris 
tuberculosa Nash. 

Rotiboellia tuberculosa Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. Based on 
Manisuris tuberculosa Nash. 


1854. Louisiana, Riehl 


(30) MELICA L. 


Melica altissima L., Sp. Pl. 66. 1753. 
Siberia. 

(2) Melica aristata Thurb. ex Boland., 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 103. 1870. 


“Number 4861 [Bolander] Catalogue, 
1867,’ Clarks (now Wawona) [type]; 
Yosemite Valley; Shady Canyon to 
Summit; Bear Valley to Eureka, Calif. 
Bromelica aristata Farwell, Rhodora 21: 
77. 1919. Based on Melica aristata 


Thurb. 
(7) Melica bulbosa Geyer. ex Port. and 
Coult., Syn. Fl. Colo. 149. 1874. Porter 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 895 


and Coulter cite Gray, Amer. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 8: 409. 1872. Gray gives no 
description but cites M. bulbosa Geyer, 
Jour. Bot. Kew Misc. (Pl. Geyer.) 
8:19. 1856. In the latter work “Geyer 
no. 11, Upper Platte,” is listed without 
description. The description by Porter 
and Coulter applies to this collection as 
represented in the Gray Herbarium. 

Melica bella Piper, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 27: 10. 1900. Upper 
Platte, Geyer [11]. A new name for 
“M. bulbosa Geyer, in U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 13: 63. pl. 63. 
1893, not M. bulbosa Geyer, in Thurb., 
in 8S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 304. 1880,” 
the description by Porter and Coulter 
having been overlooked. The Thurber 
publication refers to M. californica 
(No. 18 of this work). 

Melica bella subsp. intonsa Piper, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 128. 1906. 
Wenas, Wash., Griffiths and Cotton 108. 

Melica bulbosa var. typica Cronquist, 
Madrofio 7: 77. 1948. Based on M. 
bulbosa Geyer. 

Melica bulbosa var. caespitosa Cronquist, 
Madrofio 7: 77. 1943. West side of 
Alturas Lake, Blaine County, Idaho, 
Cronquist and Cronquist 2603. 

(18) Melica californica Scribn., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 46. pl. 1. f. 6. 
1885. Based on M. poaeoides as de- 
scribed by Torrey in Pacific Railroad 
Report (see below), the specimen cited 
by Torrey, in N. Y. Bot. Gard., being 
named “M. californica Scribn.’’ in 
Scribner’s script. 

Melica poaeoides Nutt. [misapplied by] 
Torr., U. 8S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 4: 
157. 1857. Not M. poaeoides Nutt., 
1848. Corte Madera, Calif., [Bigelow]. 

Melica bulbosa Geyer ex Thurb. in S. 
Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 304. 1880. Not 
M. bulbosa Geyer ex Port. and Coult., 
1874. Santa Inez, Calif., Brewer 569. 

Melica longiligula Scribn. and Kearn., 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
17: 225. f. 521. 1899. Southern Cali- 
fornia, Parish Brothers 865. 

MELICA CALIFORNICA var. NEVADENSIS 
Boyle, Madrofio 8: 17. 1945. Calaveras 
County, Calif., Rutter 163. 

Melica ciliata L., Sp. Pl. 66. 1753. Europe. 

(17) Melica frutescens Scribn., Acad. Nat. 

Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 45. pl. 1. f. 15, 

16. 1885. Southern California, Parry 

and Lemmon 401 [type, labeled by 

Scribner]. 

(8) Melica fugax Boland., Calif. Acad. 
Proc. 4: 104. 1870. Donner Lake, 
Calif. [Bolander and Kellogg]. 

Melica geyeri {Munro misapplied by] 
Thurb. in Wilkes, U. S. Expl. Exped. 
Bot. 17: 492. 1874. Cascade Moun- 
tains, Oreg. 


Melica fugax subsp. madophylla Piper, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 128. 
1906. Falcon Valley, Wash., Suksdorf 
61. 

Melica macbridet Rowland in Nels., Bot. 
Gaz. 54: 404. 1912. Silver City, 
Idaho, Macbride 948. 

Melica fugax var. inexpansa Suksdortf, 
Werdenda 1?: 1. 1923. Falcon Valley, 
Wash., Suksdorf 6989. 

Melica fugax var. macbridet Beetle, West. 
Bot. Leaflets 4: 286. 1946. Based 


~ on M. macbridet Rowland. 
(5) Melica geyeri Munro in Boland., Calif. 


Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 103. 1870. [Ukiah] 
Calif., Bolander 7, the specimen ex- 
amined by Munro (in U. S. Natl. 
Herb.). The same collection was later 
distributed as 6119. 

Glyceria bulbosa Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 95. 1862. Columbia 
woods, Nuttall. 

Bromus muticus Nutt. ex A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 335. 1862, 
as synonym of Glyceria bulbosa Buckl. 

Melica poaeoides var. bromoides Boland., 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 103. 1870, 
as synonym of M. geyert Munro. 
Bolander 40 and 6119. 

Melica bromoides Boland. ex A. Gray, 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 8: 409. 1872. 
Based on M. poaeoides var. bromoides 
Boland. [Bolander 6119]. 

Melica poaeoides Boland. ex Scribn., 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 47. 
1885, as synonym of “M. bromoides 
Gray.” 

Melica bromoides var. howellii Scribn., 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 47. 
1885. Near Waldo, Oreg., Howell 335 
in 1884. 

Melica pammeli Scribn., Davenport Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 7: 240. 1899. Geranium 
Park, Wyo., Pammel 159. 

Bromelica geyert Farwell, Rhodora 21: 
78. 1919. Based on Melica geyeri 
Munro. 

Bromelica geyeri var. howellii Farwell, 
Rhodora 21: 78. 1919. Based on Melica 
bromoides var. howellii Seribn. 


MELICA GEYERI var. ARISTULATA J. T. 


Howell, West. Bot. Leaflets 4: 245. 
1946. Marin County, Calif., J. T. 
Howell 17906. 


(3) Melica harfordii Boland., Calif. Acad. 


Sei. Proc. 4: 102. 1870. Santa Cruz, 
Bolander 53 [type]; Redwood, Bolander 
6464; Yosemite Valley and Bear Valley, 
both Bolander. 

Melica harfordii var. minor Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 48. 1888. Siskiyou 
Mountains, Oreg., Howell in 1887. 

Melica harfordii tenuior Piper, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 127. 1906. Based 
on M. harfordii var. minor Vasey. 

Bromelica harfordii Farwell, Rhodora 21: 


896 


78. 1919. Based on Melica harfordii 
Boland. 

Bromelica harfordii var. minor Farwell, 
Rhodora 21: 78. 1919. Based on 
Melica harfordii var. minor Vasey. 

Melica harfordit var. tenuis Suksdorf, 
Werdenda 1:17. 1927. Bingen, Wash., 
Suksdorf 12018. 

Melica harfordii var. viridifolia Suksdorf, 
Werdenda 1: 17. 1927. Bingen, Wash., 
Suksdorf 11686, 11777. 

(16) Melica imperfecta Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 59. 
1836. California. 

Melica colpodioides Nees, Ann. Nat. Hist. 
1: 283. 1838. California, Douwglas. 
Melica panicoides Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Jour. II. 1: 188. 1848. Santa 

Barbara, Calif., Gambel. 

Melica poaeoides Nutt., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Jour. II. 1: 188. 1848. Santa 
Catalina Island, Calif., Gambel. [The 
type at the British Museum is labeled 
San Diego. | 

Melica parishii Vasey ex Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 500. 1896. Southern 
California, Parish 1997. 

Melica imperfecta var. pubens Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 8. 
1901. Santa Cruz Island, Calif., Bran- 
degee 64. 

The name is erroneously given as Melica 
~imperforata Nees in Hook. and Arn., Bot. 
Beechey Voy. 403. 1840. This is the species 
described and figured by Vasey (U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 84. 1893) as 
Poa thurberiana Vasey, but the name is 
based on Panicularia thurberiana Kuntze. 
MELICA IMPERFECTA var. FLEXUOSA Bo- 

land., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 101. 
1870. ‘‘“Mariposa to Clark’s” [Yosemite 
Valley region], Calif., Bolander in 1866. 

MELICA IMPERFECTA var. MINOR Scribn., 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 42. 
1885. San Bernardino Mountains, 
Parish Brothers 856. 

MELICA IMPERFECTA var. REFRACTA Thurb, 
in 8S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 303. 1880. 
San Bernardino, Calif., Lemmon. 

(9) Melica inflata (Boland.) Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 269. 1893. 
Based on M. poaeoides var. inflata 
Boland. 

Melica poaeoides var. inflata Boland., 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 101. 1870. 
Yosemite Valley, Calif., Bolander 6121. 

Melica bulbosa var. inflata Boyle, Ma- 
drofio 8: 19. 1945. Based on WM. 
poaeoides var. inflata Boland. 

(14) Melica montezumae Piper, Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 18: 144. 1905. Chi- 
huahua, Mex., Pringle 430. 

Melica alba Hitche., U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 17: 367. 1913. Chihuahua, 
Mex., Pringle 430. 

(12) Melica mutica Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 
1788. South Carolina. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Melica glabra Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
62. 1803. Virginia to Florida, Michauz. 

Melica rariflora Schreb., Beschr. Gras. 2: 
157. 1810. Based on M. glabra Michx. 

Melica diffusa Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 
77. 1814. Virginia and Carolina. 

Melica speciosa Muhl., Deser. Gram. 87. 
1817. Pennsylvania. 

Melica racemosa Muhl., Deser. Gram. 88. 
1817. Not M. racemosa Thunb., 1794. 
Carolina; Georgia. Name only, Muhl., 
Cat Pleiades: 

Melica muhlenbergiana Schult., Mantissa 
2: 294. 1824. Based on M. racemosa 
Muhl. 

Melica mutica var. glabra A. Gray, Man. 
ed. 5. 626. 1867. Based on M. glabra 
Pursh (error for Michx.). 

Melica mutica var. diffusa A. Gray, Man. 
ed. 5. 626. 1867. Based on M. diffusa 
Pursh. 

Melica mutica forma diffusa Fernald, 
Rhodora 41: 501. 1939. Based on 
M. diffusa Pursh. 

(13) Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 387. 1905. 
Based on M. diffusa var. nitens Scribn. 

Melica scabra Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
‘Trans..(n.s:) 03. 148.. 1837. Note 
scabra H. B. K., 1816. Fort Smith, Ark., 
Nutiall. 

Melica diffusa var. nitens Scribn., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 44. 1885. 
Arkansas, Nuttall. [The type in the 
Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila- 
delphia, is labeled M. nitens Nutt.] 

Melica nitens Nutt. ex Scribn., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 44. 1885, 
as synonym of M. diffusa var. nitens. 

(11) Melica porteri Scribn., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 44. pl. 1. f. 17, 18. 
1885. Based on M. mutica var. parvi- 
flora Porter. 

Melica mutica var. parviflora Porter in 
Port. and Coult., Syn. Fl. Colo. 149. 
1874. Glen Eyrie, Colo., Porter [typel, 
Meehan; Sierra Madre Range, Coulter. 

Melica parviflora Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5: 50. 1894. Based on M. 
mutica var. parviflora Porter. 

MELICA PORTERI var. LAXA Boyle, Madrono 
8: 25. 1945. White Mountains, N. 
Mex., Wooton 680. 

(1) Melica smithii (Porter) Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 294. 1888. Based on 
Avena smithizt Porter. 

Avena smithii Porter ex A. Gray, Man. ed. 
5. 640. 1867. Sault Sainte Marie, 
Mich., C. E. Smith. 

Melica retrofracta Suksdorf, Deut. Bot. 
Monatsschr. 19: 92. 1901. Skamania 
County, Wash. [Suksdorf 2334]. 

Bromelica smithit Farwell, Rhodora 21: 
77. 1919. Based on Avena smithil 
Porter. 

Schizachne smithii Wiegand ex Muenscher, 
Fl. Whatcom County, Washington 66. 


| 1941. Presumably based on Avena 

| smithi Porter. 

| (6) Melica spectabilis Scribn., Acad. Nat. 

| Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 45. pl. 1. f. 
11, 12, 13. 1885. Montana, Crow 
Mountains, Scribner 385 [type]; Bose- 
man Pass, Canby 368. Colorado, Porter 
in 1872. Yellowstone Park, Parry 295. 
Nevada (erroneously given as Utah), 
Watson 1303. Idaho, Watson 455. The 
synonyms cited by Scribner are erron- 
eous, ‘“M. bulbosa 8S. Wats., Bot. King 
Exp. 383” being an error for M. 
poaeoides Nutt., Bot. King Exp. 383; 
“Porter and Coulter Fl. Colorado 149.” 
refers to the valid M. bulbosa. 

Melica scabrata Scribn. in Piper, FI. 
Palouse 25. 1901. Pullman, Wash., 
Piper 1745. 

(10) Melica stricta Boland., Calif. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 3: 4. 1863. Silver City, 
Nev., Dunn. 

Melica stricta var. albicaulis Boyle, Ma- 
drohno 8: 24. 1945. San Antonio 
Mountains, Calif., 7. M. Johnston 1516. 

(4) Melica subulata (Griseb.) Scribn., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 47. 1885. 
Based on Bromus subulatus Griseb. 

Bromus subulatus Griseb. in Ledeb., FI. 
Ross. 4: 358. 1853. Unalaska, Hsch- 
scholtz. 

Melica acuminata Boland, Calif. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 4: 104. 1870. Mendocino 
County, Calif., Bolander 4698. 

Festuca acerosa Trin. ex A. Gray, Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 8: 410. 1872, as syn- 
onym of Bromus subulatus Griseb. 

Melica poaeoides var. acuminata Boland. 
ex Scribn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 
1885: 47. 1885, as synonym of M. 
subulata Seribn. California, Bolander 
4698. 

Bromelica subulata Farwell, Rhodora 21: 
78. 1919. The name is based on Festuca 
subulata Bong., doubtless an error for 
Bromus subulatus Griseb., since Melica 
acuminata Boland is also cited. 

This is the species to which Scribner 
(U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 8. 
1901.) applied the name Melica cepacea 
Scribn., based on Festuca cepacea Phil., a 
Chilean species of Melica. 

(15) Melica torreyana Scribn., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1885: 48. pl. 1. f. 3, 4. 
1885. California, Bigelow in 1853-4. 

Melica imperfecta var. sesquiflora Torr. 
ex Scribn., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 
1885: 43. 1885, as synonym of M. 
torreyana, a herbarium name given to 
a specimen collected by Bigelow in 
California in 1853-4. 


(126) MELINIS Beauv. 


(1) Melinis minutiflora Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
04, pl. 11. f. 4. 1812. Rio de Janeiro, 


Brazil. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


897 


Tristegis glutinosa Nees, Horae Phys. 
Berol. 47, 54. pl. 7. 1820. Brazil. 

Panicum minutiflorum Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 299. 1825. Based on 
Melinis minutiflora Beauv. 

Panicum melinis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mem Vil, Scty Nat.” len 2o1 eal 834 
Based on Melinis minutiflora Beauv. 

Muhlenbergia brasiliensis Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 177. 1854. Bahia, Brazil, 
Salzmann [652]. 

Agrostis polypogon Salzm. ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 177. 1854, as synonym of 
Muhlenbergia brasiliensis. 


Mibora minima (L.) Desv., Obs. Angers 45. 

1818. Based on Agrostis minima L. 

Agrostis minima L., Sp. Pl. 638. 1753. 
France. 


(102) MICROCHLOA R. Br. 


(1) Microchloa kunthii Desv., Opusc. 75. 
1831. Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 
Paspalum tenuissimum Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 18: 24. 1935. Baja Califor- 
nia, Jones 27584. 


(152) MICROSTEGIUM Nees 


(1) Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. 
Camus, Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon 68: 201. 
1921. Based on Andropogon vimineus 
Trin. 

Andropogon vimineus Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 
2: 268. 1832. Nepal. 

Microstegium willdenovianum Nees in 
Lindl., Nat. Syst. Bot. (ed. 2 of his 
Introd. Bot.) 447. 1836. Nepal. 

Pollinia wilidenoviana Benth., Linn. Soc. 
Jour., Bot. 19: 67. 1881. Based on 
Microstegium willdenovianum Nees. 

Pollinia imberbis var. willdenoviana Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 178. 1889. 
Based on Microstegium wuilldenovianum 


Nees. 
Kulalia viminea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 
775. 1891. Based on Andropogon 


vimineus Trin. 

Pollinia viminea Merr., Enum. Philipp. 
Pl. 1: 35. 1922. Based on Andropogon 
vimineus Trin. 

MICROSTEGIUM VIMINEUM var. IMBERBE 
(Nees) Honda, Tokyo Univ. Facult. 
Sci. Jour. Sec. 3. Bot. 3: 408. 19380. 
Based on Pollinia imberbis Nees. 

Pollinia imberbis Nees in Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 410. 1855. Nepal. 

Eulalia viminea var. variabilis Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 775. 1891. Sikkim. 


(88) MILIUM L. 


(1) Milium effusum L., Sp. Pl. 61. 
Europe. 
Miliarium effusum Moench, Meth. PI. 


1753. 


8938 
204. 
L 


Melica effusa Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 20. 
1796. Based on Milium effusum L. 

Decandolia effusa Bast., Fl. Maine-et- 
Loire 28. 1808. Based on Milium 
effusum L. 

Paspalum effusum Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. 
Bot. 5: 301. 1825. Based on Milium 
effusum L. 


1794. Based on Milium effusum 


(149) MISCANTHUS Anderss. 
Miscanthus nepalensis (Trin.) Hack. in 


DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 104. 1889. 
Based on Eulalia nepalensis Trin. 
Eulalia nepalensis ‘Trin., Acad. St. 


Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 
333. 1832. Nepal, India. 

Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. 
in Engl. and Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 2: 23, 
102. 1887. Based on IJmperata sac- 
chariflora Maxim. 

Imperata sacchariflora Maxim. (Prim. FI. 
Amur. 331.) Acad. St. Pétersb. Sav. 


Ktrang. Mém. 9: 331. 1859. East 
Siberia. . 
(1) Miscanthus sinensis Anderss., Ofv. 


Svensk, Vet. Akad. FGrh. 12: 166. 
1856. China. 

Saccharum japonicum Thunb., Linn. Soe. 
Trans. 2: 328. 1794. Not Miscanthus 
japonicus Anderss., 1855. Japan. 

Eulalia japonica Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 333. 
1832. Based on Saccharum japonicum 
Thunb. 

Miscanthus sinensis var. variegatus Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 25. 1896. Culti- 
vated. 

Miscanthus sinensis var. zebrinus Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 25. 1896. Culti- 
vated. 

Xiphagrostis japonica Coville, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 9: 400. 1905. Based on 
Saccharum japonicum Thunb. 

Miscanthus sinensis var. gracillimus 
Hitche. in Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 
1021. f. 1408. 1901. Cultivated under 
the garden name Eulalia japonica var. 


gracillima. 
Eulalia japonica var. gracillima Grier, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 11: 331. 1929. 
Based on Miscanthus sinensis var. 


gracillimus Hitche. 


(16) MOLINTA Schrank 
(1) Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench, Meth. 


Ey 183. 1794. Based on Aira caerulea 
Aira caerulea L., Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. 
Europe. 


Festuca caerulea Lam. and DC., FI. France. 
ed. 3. 3: 46. 1805. Based on Aira 
caerulea L. 

Enodium caeruleum Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


145. 1811. Based on Aira caerulea 

Cynodon caeruleus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on Molinia 
caerulea Koel. (error for Moench). 

Amblytes caerulea Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 
80. 1867. Based on Molinia caerulea 
Moench. 


(20) MONANTHOCHLOE Engelm. 


(1) Monanthochloe littoralis Engelm., St. 
Louis Acad. Sci. Trans. 1: 437. pl. 13. 
14. 1859. Texas, Drummond, Berlan- 
dier 3227 (Matamoros region), Galves- 
ton Island, Lindheimer; Florida, Key 
West, Blodgett. 


(51) MONERMA Beauv. 


(1) Monerma cylindrica (Willd.) Coss. and 
Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 214. 1855. 
Based on Rottboellia cylindrica Willd. 

Rottboellia cylindrica Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 
464. 1797. Europe. 

Ophiurus cylindricus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
116, 168, 176. 1812. Based on Rott- 
boellia cylindrica Willd. 

Monerma monandra Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
117, 168,, 177.-pl. 20 1) 10: -St2: 
“Rottboellia monandra Lin.” (p. 117) 
and “R. monandra Roth” (p. 177) are 
referred to Monandra monerma, but 
neither Linnaeus nor Roth published 
the name. Pl. 10, fig. 9, and the generic 
description unquestionably indicate 
Rottboellia cylindrica Willd. No locality 
is cited for J. monandra Beauy. 

Lepturus cylindricus Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
123. 1820. Based on Roittboellia cylin- 
drica Willd. 

Lolium cylindricum Aschers. and Graebn., 
Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 761. 1902. 
Based on Rottboellia cylindrica Willd. 


(82) MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. 


(31) Muhlenbergia andina (Nutt.) Hitchce., 
U.S. Dept. Agr. Bul. 772: 145. 1920. 
Based on Calamagrostis andina Nutt. 

Calamagrostis andina Nutt., Acad. Nat. 
Sei. Phila. Jour. II. 1: 187.. 1848. 
California, on the Colorado of the West, 
Gambel. 

Vaseya comata Thurb. in A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1863: 79. 18683. 
Nebraska [probably Wyoming, Hall 
and Harbour 685]. 

Muhlenbergia comata Thurb. ex Benth., 
Linn. Soc. Jour., Bot. 19: 83. 1881. 
Based on Vaseya comaia Thurb. 

(8) Muhlenbergia appressa C. O. Goodding, 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 31: 504. 1941. 
Pinal or Gila County, Ariz., Harrison 
and Kearney 1498. 

(26) Muhlenbergia arenacea  (Buckl.) 
Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 161. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


1928. Based on Sporobolus arenaceus 
Buckl. 

Sporobolus arenaceus Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 89. 1862. 
Western Texas [Wright 737]. 

Sporobolus asperifolius var. brevifolius 
Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 56. 
1890, name only, Pena, Duval County, 
Tex., Nealley; U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3:64. 1892, as synonym of S. 
auriculatus Vasey. 

Sporobolus auriculatus Vasey, Contrib. 
U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 64. 1892. Pena, 
Tex., Nealley. 

(54) Muhlenbergia arenicola Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 91. 1862. 
Western Texas [Wright 735]. 

Podosaemum arenicola Bush, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 7: 40. 1921. Based on Muhlen- 
bergia arenicola Buckl. 

(52) Muhlenbergia arizonica Scribn., Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 8. pl. 76. f. A. 
1888. Near Mexican Boundary, Ari- 
zona, Pringle in 1884. 

(23) Muhlenbergia arsenei Hitchc., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 161. 1928. Sul- 
phur Springs, N. Mex., Arséne and 
Benedict 16405. 

(27) Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees and 
Mey.) Parodi, Univ. Nac. Buenos Aires 
Rev. Agron. 6: 117. f. 1. 1928. Based 
on Sporobolus asperifolius Nees and 


Tey. 

Vilfa asperifolia Meyen, Reis. Erd. 1: 408. 
1834, name only; Nees and Mey., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 95. 
1840. Chile, Meyen. 

Sporobolus asperifolius Nees, Nov. Act. 
Acad. Caes. Leop. Carol. 19: Sup. 1: 
9. 1841; 141. 1848. Based on Vilfa 
asperifolia Nees and Mey. 

Agrostis distichophylla R. A. Phil, Fl. 
Atac. 54. 1860. Not A. distichophylla 
Roem. and Schult., 1817. Chile. (Fide 
Parodi.) 

Sporobolus sarmentosus Griseb., Abhandl. 
Gesell. Wiss. Géttingen 24: 295. 1879. 
Argentina. 

Sporobolus deserticolus Phil., An. Mus. 
Nac. Chile Bot. 8: 82. 1891. Chile. 
(Fide Parodi.) 

Sporobolus asperifolius var. major Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:64. 1892. 
[Marfa, Tex., Havard 10 in 1883.] 

Sporobolus distichophyllus Phil., An. Univ. 
Chile 94: 7. 1896. Based on Agrostzs 
distichophylla Phil. 

Agrostis eremophila Speg., An. Mus. Nac. 
Buenos Aires 7: 190. 1902. Based on 
A. distichophylla Phil. : 

(87) Muhlenbergia brachyphyila Bush, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 6: 41. 1919. Webb 
City, Mo., Palmer 2734. (Not invali- 
dated by M. brachyphylla Nees ex 
Jacks., Ind. Kew. 2: 269. 1894, a 
clerical error for Podosaemum brachy- 
phyllum Nees.) 


899 


(12) Muhlenbergia brevis C. O. Goodding, 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 31: 505. 1941. 
Socorro County, N. Mex., Metcalfe 671. 

(34) Muhlenbergia californica Vasey, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 13:53. 1886. Based 
on M. glomerata var. brevifolia Vasey. 

Muhlenbergia glomeraia var. brevifolia 
Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 92. 1882. [San 
Bernardino Mountains], Calif., Parish 
[1028]. 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. californica 
Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 93. 1882. San 
Bernardino Mountains, Calif., Parish 
[1076]. 

Muhlenbergia parishii Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 53. 1886. Based on M. 
sylvatica var. californica Vasey. 

Muhlenbergia racemosa var. brevifolia 
Vasey ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 253. 
1896. Based on M. glomeraia var. brevi- 
folia Vasey. 

Muhlenbergia californica Abrams, FI. Los 
Angeles 32. 1904. Based on M. syl- 
vatica var. californica Vasey. 

(62) Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin., 
Gram. Unifl. 191. 1824. Based on 
Trichochloa capillaris DC., this based 
on Stipa capillaris Lam. 

Stipa diffusa Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 1788. 
Not Muhlenbergia diffusa Willd., 1798. 
South Carolina. 

Stipa capillaris Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
158. 1791. Carolina, Fraser. 

Podosaemum capillare Desv., Nouv. Bul. 
Soc. Philom. (Paris) 2: 188. 1810. 
Based on Stipa capillaris Lam. 

Tosagris agrostidea Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
29. pl. 8. f. 8. 1812. United States. 

Podosaemum agrostideum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 176, 179. 1812. Based on 
Tosagris agrostidea Beauv. 

Trichochloa capillaris DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 152. 1813. Based on Stipa 
capillaris Lam. 

Trichochloa polypogon DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 152. 1813. Carolina, Fraser. 

Muhlenbergia polypogon Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 64. 1829. Based on Tricho- 
chloa polypogon DC. 

Agrostis setosa Willd. ex Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4+: 300. 
1841, as synonym of Muhlenbergia 
capillaris. ‘Willd. hb. 1682,” received 
from Muhlenberg. 

MUHLENBERGIA CAPILLARIS var. FILIPES 
(M. A. Curtis) Chapm. ex Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 256. 1896. Based on M. 
filipes M. A. Curtis. 

Stipa sericea Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
54. 1803. South Carolina, Michauz. 

Agrostis sericea Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 
1: 1385. 1816. Based on Stipa sericea 
Michx. In Muhl., Descr. Gram. 64. 
1817, the name is misapplied to M. 
capillarzs (Lam.) Trin. 

Polypogon sericeus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 


900 


243. 1825. 
Michx. 

Stipa cericea Michx. ex Raf., Neogen 4. 
1825. Error for S. sericea. 

Muhlenbergia filipes M. A. Curtis, Amer. 
Jour. Sci. 44: 88. 1843. Sea Islands of 
North Carolina; Florida [M. A. Curtis]. 

Podosaemum filipes Bush, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 7: 29. 1921. Based on Muhlen- 
bergia filipes M. A. Curtis. 

(19) Muhlenbergia curtifolia Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 38: 328. 1911. Between 
Kanab and Carmel, Utah, Jones 6047]. 

Muhlenbergia curtifolia subsp. griffithsii 
Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 38: 328. 
1911. Du Chelly Canyon, Ariz., Grif- 
fiths 5837. 

(43) Muhlenbergia curtisetosa (Scribn.) 
Bush, Amer. Midl. Nat. 6: 35. 1919. 
Based on M. schreberi subsp. curtisetosa 
Seribn. 

Muhlenbergia schrebert subsp. curtisetosa 
Seribn., Rhodora 9:17. 1907. Illinois, 
Wolf in 1881. 

(24) Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr.) Rydb., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 599. 1905. 
Based on Vilfa cuspidata Torr. 

Agrostis brevifolia Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 44. 
1818. Fort Mandan [N. Dak.]. 

Vilfa cuspidata Torr. in Hook., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 2: 238. 1840. Saskatchewan 
River, Rocky Mountains, Drummond. 

Vilfa gracilis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 104. 1840. Not 
V. gracilis Trin., op. cit. 74. North 
America, received from Hooker. 

Sporobolus cuspidatus Wood, Amer. Bot. 
and Flor. pt. 2: 385. 1871. Based on 
Vilfa cuspidata Yorr. 

Sporobolus brevifolius Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5: 39. 1894. Not S. brevi- 
folius Nees, 1841. Based on Agrostis 
brevifolia Nutt. As new, Nash, in Brit- 
ton, Man. 105. 1901, same basis. 

Muhlenbergia brevifolia Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 12. 1912. Not M. brevi- 
folia Seribn., 1896. Based on Agrostis 
brevifolia Nutt. 

(11) Muhlenbergia depauperata Scribn., 
Bot. Gaz. 9: 187. 1884. Arizona, 
Pringle, in 1884. 

Muhlenbergia schaffnert Fourn., Mex. Pl. 
2: 85. 1886. Mexico, Tacubaya, 
Schaffner 50, 514; Mirador, Schaffner 
142. 

Lycurus schaffneri Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 
Fedde 17: 212. 1921. Based on 
Muhlenbergia schaffneri Fourn. 

(58) Muhlenbergia dubia Fourn. in Hemsl., 
Biol. Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 540. 1885. 
Chinantla, Mexico, Liebmann [688]. 

Muhlenbergia acuminata Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 
11: 337. 1886. New Mexico, Wright 
1993. 

Sporobolus ligulatus Vasey and Dewey, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 268. 


Based on Stipa sericea 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ee Presidio County, Tex., Nealley, 

127. 

Sporobolus unflatus Vasey and Dewey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 289. 1896. 
Error for S. ligulatus Vasey and Dewey. 

Crypsinna breviglumis Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 8. 1912. Chihuahua, 
Mexico [Jones in 1903]. 

(59) Muhlenbergia dubioides C. O. Good- 
ding, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 20. 
1940. Box Canyon, Ariz., Silvews 3490. 

(30) Muhlenbergia dumosa Scribn. in 
Vasey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 71. 
1892. Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz., 
Pringle {in 1884], Lemmon; Mexico, 
Pringle; southern California, Orcutt. 

Muhlenbergia dumosa var. minor Scribn. in 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 261. 1896. 
Mexico, Pringle 2355. 

(6) Muhlenbergia eludens C. G. Reeder, 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 39: 365. f. 1, B. 
1949. Minaca, Chihuahua, Mex., Hztch- 
cock 7768. 

(67) Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 66. 1892. 
Southern Arizona, Emersley. 

Muhlenbergia vaseyana Scribn., Mo. Bot. 
Gard. Rpt. 10:52. 1899. Based on MW. 
distichophylla as described by Vasey 
(Rothr. in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 283. 1878, Ari- 
zona, Rothrock 282, type). 

Epicampes emerlseyi Hitche., U. S. Dept. 
Agr. Bul. 772: 144. 1920. Based on 
Muhlenbergia emersleyt Vasey. 

Epicampes subpatens Hitche., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Bul. 772: 144. 1920. Guadalupe 
Mountains, N. Mex., Hitchcock 13541. 

(60) Muhlenbergia expansa (DC.) Trin., 
Gram. Pan. 26. 1826. Based on Tri- 
chochloa expansa DC. 

Agrostis arachnoidea Poir., in Lam., 
Encycl. Sup. 1: 249. 1810. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Trichochloa purpurea Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
29. pl. 8. f. 2. 1812. United States. 

Vilfa arachnoidea Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
147, 181. 1812. Presumably based on 
Agrostis arachnoidea Poir. 

Podosaemum purpureum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 176, 179. pl. iSsukie2h ist: 
Based on Trichochloa purpurea Beauv. 

Trichochloa expansa DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 151. 18138. Carolina, Bosc. 
Stipa expansa Poir. doubfully cited. 

Agrostis rubicunda Bose. ex DC., Cat. 
Hort. Monsp. 151. 1813, as synonym 
of T'richochloa expansa DC. 

Agrostis trichopodes Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 135. pl. 8. f. 1. 1816. Chatham 
County, Ga., Baldwin. 

Cinna arachnoidea Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
67. 1829. Based on Agrostis arach- 
noidea Poir. 

Muhlenbergia arachnoidea Trin. ex Kunth, 
Enum Pl. 1: 207. 1833, as synonym of 
Cinna arachnoidea Kunth. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Agrostis expansa Poir. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1:40. 1840, as synonym of 
Cinna arachnoidea Kunth. 

Agrostis longiflora Willd. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1:41. 1840, as synonym of 
Cinna arachnoidea Kunth. 

Muhlenbergia trichopodes Chapm., FI. 
South. U. 8S. 553. 1860. Based on 
Agrostis trichopodes Ell. 

Muhlenbergia caespitosa Chapm., Bot. 
Gaz. 3: 18. 1878. Apalachicola, Fla., 
Chapman. 

Muhlenbergia capillaris var. trichopodes 
Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
66. 1892. Based on Agrostis tricho- 


podes Ell. 
Podosaemum trichopodes Bush, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 7: 30. 1921. Based on 


Agrostis trichopodes Ell. 

(46) Muhienbergia filiculmis Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 267. 1893. 
Green Mountain Falls, Colo., Sheldon 
[321]. 

(13) Muhlenbergia filiformis (Thurb.) 
Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 600. 
1905. Based on Vilfa depauperata var. 
filiformis Thurb. 

Vilfa depauperata var. filiformis Thurb. in 
S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 
5: 376. 1871. Yosemite Valley, Calif., 
Bolander 6091; Donner Lake, Torrey 
565; East Humboldt Mountains, Nev., 
Watson 1280; Uinta Mountains, Utah, 
Watson 1281. 

Vilfa gracillima Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 268. 1880. Not Muhlenbergia 
gracillima Torr. 1856. California, Sierra 
Nevada, Brewer [2827]; Yosemite Val- 
ley, Bolander [6091]. 

Sporobolus gracillimus Vasey, Grasses U. 
S. Descr. Cat. 44. 1885. Based on 
Vilfa gracillima Thurb. 

Sporobolus filiformis Rydb., U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 189. 1895. Based on 
Vilfa depauperata var. filiformis Thurb. 

Sporobolus depauperatus var. filiformis 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 296. 1896. 
Montana, Williams; Utah, Jones. 

Sporobolus simplex Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 48. 1898. 
Georgetown, Colo., Rydberg 2411. 

Sporobolus aristatus Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 28: 266. 1901. Not Muhlen- 
bergia aristata Pers. 1805. Big Horn 
Mountains, Wyo., Tweedy 2196. 

Sporobolus simplex var. thermale Merr., 
Rhodora 4:48. 1902. Lolo Hot Springs 
Mont., Griffiths 302a. 

Muhlenbergia simplex Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 600. 1905. Not MM. 
simplex Kunth, 1829. Based on Sporo- 
bolus simplex Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia aristulata Rydb., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 32: 600. 1905. Based 
on Sporobolus aristatus Rydb. 

Muhlenbergia filiformis var. fortis E. H, 


901 


Kelso, Rhodora 38: 298. 1936. Based 
on Sporobolus simplex Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia idahoensis St. John, FI. 
Southeast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 50. 
1937. Zaza, Nez Perce County, Idaho, 
St. John 9085. 

(3) Muhlenbergia fragilis Swallen, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 29: 206. 1947. 
Alpine, Brewster County, Tex., War- 
nock 517. 

(38) Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 45: 235. pl. 750. 1943. 
Based on Agrostis frondosa Poir. 

Agrostis frondosa Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 1: 252. 1790. Described from a 
cultivated or adventive specimen grown 
in Germany. 

Agrostis lateriflora Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 53. 1803. Mississippi River [Llli- 
nois|], Michaux. 

Vilfa lateriflora Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
147, 181. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
lateriflora Michx. (Appears erroneously 
as laterifolia on pages 16 and 147, but 
correctly on page 181.) 

Cinna lateriflora Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
67. 1829. Based on Agrostis lateriflora 
Michx. 

Muhlenbergia lateriflora Trin. ex Kunth, 
Enum. Pl. 1: 207. 1833, as synonym of 
Cinna lateriflora Kunth. 

Calamagrostis compressa Doell in Mart., 
Fl. Bras. 23: 56. 1878. “EK seminibus a 
cl. Glaziou prope Rio de Janeiro lectis 
in horto bot. Monacensi anno 1869 
cultura enata.’”’ A specimen named in 
Doell’s script and bearing the above data 
wasexamined in Doell’s herbarium in the 
Botanical Institute at Freiburg. This 
agrees perfectly with Doell’s description. 
It isa characteristic specimen of Muhlen- 
bergia frondosa except that the rachilla 
is minutely produced beyond the palea, 
a very rare occurrence in Muwhlenbergia. 
Presumably the seed from Rio de 
Janeiro failed to germinate, and this 
species, probably in a neighboring plot, 
intruded. 

MUHLENBERGIA FRONDOSA forma COMMU- 
TATA (Scribn.) Fernald, Rhodora 45: 
235. 1943. Based on M. mexicana 
subsp. commutata Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia mexicana subsp. commutata 
Seribn., Rhodora 9: 18. 1907. Maine, 
Fernald 522 in 1896. 

Muhlenbergia mexicana var. commutata 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 181. 
1916. Based on M. mexicana subsp. 
commutata Seribn. 

Muhlenbergia commutata Bush, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 6: 61. 1919. Based on M. 
mexicana subsp. commutata Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia mexicana forma commutata 
Wiegand, Rhodora 26:1. 1924. Based 
on M. mexicana subsp. commutata 
Seribn, 


902 
(39) Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn., Rho- 


dora 9: 22. 1907. Texas, Reverchon 5. 
(20) Muhlenbergia glauca (Nees) Mez, 
Repert. Sp. Nov. Fedde 17: 214. 1921. 


Based on Podosaemum glaucum Nees. 
In Index Kewensis this name is credited 
to Nees in Linnaea 19: 689. 1847, but 
the name there is Podosaemum glaucum. 

Podosaemum glaucum Nees, Linnaea 19: 
689. 1847. Mexico, Aschenborn 335. 

Agrostis glauca Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
175. 1854. Not A. glauca Muhl., 1817. 
Based on Podosaemum glaucum Nees. 

Muhlenbergia lemmoni Scribn. in Coulter, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1:56. 1890. 
Ballinger, Tex., Nealley; New Mexico; 
Arizona. [Lemmon 2918, type, the 
species being named for Lemmon] 
Mexico. 

Muhlenbergia huachucana Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 69. 1892. 
Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., Lemmon 
[2915]. 

(32) Muhlenbergia glomerata  (Willd.) 
rine, Gram eUnitit 91. pl 5s t. 10: 
1824. Based on Polypogon glomeratus 
Willd. 

Polypogon setosus Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 7. 1807. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. Not Muhlenbergia setosa 
Kunth, 1829. 

Polypogon glomeratus Willd., Enum. PI. 
87. 1809. North America [Pennsyl- 
vania]. 

Agrostis setosa Muhl., Cat. Pl. 10. 1813. 
“Polypogon W.”’ cited. 

Alopecurus glomeratus Poir., in Lam., 
Encycl. 5: 495. 1817. Based on Poly- 
pogon glomeratus Willd. 

Agrostis setosa Muhl., Deser. Gram. 68. 
1817. Pennsylvania. “‘Polypogon setosus 
C. Sprengel, glomeratus Willd.” cited. 

Agrostis festucoides Muhl. ex. Roem and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 1: 326. 1817, as 
synonym of Polypogon glomeratus Willd. 

Trichochloa glomerata Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
117. 1820. Based on Polypogon glo- 
meratus Willd. 

Trichochloa calycina Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
117. 1820. “Agrostis setosa Spreng.” 
(ined.) cited; no description. 

Agrostis setosa Spreng. ex Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 117. 1820. As synonym of 
Trichochloa calycina Trin., not A. setosa 
Spreng. himself, 1824 (see synonymy 
under Muhlenbergia microsperma). 

Muhlenberaia calycina Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
193. 1824. Based on Trichochloa caly- 
cina Trin., and cited as synonym of 
“‘Polypogon setosus Spreng.” 

Podosaemum glomeratum Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1:84. 1827. Based on Polypogon 
glomeratus Willd. 

Cinna glomerata Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 
237. 1833. Not C. glomerata Walt., 
1788. Based on Podosaemum glomera- 
tum Link, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Dactylogramma cinnoides Link, Hort. 
Berol. 2: 248. 1833. Grown in Berlin, 
seed from Richardson, western North 
America. 

Muhlenbergia setosa Trin. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 269. 1894. Not Muhlenbergia 
setosa Kunth, 1829. Based on ‘“‘Polypo- 
gon setosus Spreng.” 

Muhlenbergia racemosa subsp. violacea 
Scribn., Rhodora 9: 22. 1907. North 
Hannibal, N. Y., Pearce in 1883. 

Muhlenbergia setosa var. cinnoides Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 45: 238. 1943. Based on 
Dactylogramma cinnoides Link. 

Muhlenbergia glomerata var. cinnoides 
Hermann, Rhodora 48: 64. 1946. 
Based on Dactylogramma _ cinnoides 
Link. 

(66) Muhlenbergia involuta Swallen, Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 19: 436. f. 2. 1932. San 
Antonio, Tex., Silveus 358. 

(44) Muhlenbergia jonesii (Vasey) Hitchc., 
in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 111. 1912. 
Based on Sporobolus jonesii Vasey. 

Sporobolus jonesii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 297. 
1881. Soda Springs, Calif., Jones [303] 
in 1881. 

(65) Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 24: 291. 19384. 
Texas, Lindheimer 725. (This species 
has been referred to Epicampes ber- 
landieri Fourn., and to Muhlenbergia 
fournieriana Hitche., based upon it, 
but that species is confined to Mexico.) 

Epicampes gracilis Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 271. 
1841. Not Muhlenbergia gracilis Kunth, 
1829. Mexico [eastern Texas, probably 
Berlandier}. 

(64) Muhlenbergia  longiligula Hitchc., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 136. 1934. Based 
on Epicampes ligulata Scribn. 

Epicampes ligulata Scribn. in Vasey, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 58. 1892. Not 
Muhlenbergia ligulata Scribn. and Merr. 
Texas to Arizona [type, Santa Rita 
Mountains, Pringlein 1884] and Mexico. 

Epicampes distichophylla var. mutica 
Seribn. in Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
308. 1896. Arizona, Toumey 740 
[type]; Mexico, Pringle 1427. The other 
specimens cited do not agree with the 
description. 

Epicampes anomala Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 311. 1896. Not 
Muhlenbergia anomalis Fourn., 1886. 
Chihuahua, Mexico, Pringle 1423. 

Melica anomala Scribn., in Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 311. 1896, as synonym of 
Epicampes anomala. 

Epicampes stricta var. mutica Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 6. 1912. Based on 
E. distichophylla var. mutica Seribn. 

(70) Muhlenbergia marshii I. M. Johnston, 
Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24: 392. 1943. 
Coahuila, Mex., Marsh 746. 

(57) Muhlenbergia metcalfei Jones, West. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Bot. Contrib. 14: 12. 1912. Santa 
Rita Mountains, N. Mex., Metcalfe 
1485. The name was published as 
“Metcalfi.”’ 

(41) Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin., 
Gram. Unifl. 189. 1824. 

Agrostis mexicana L., Mant. Pl. 1: 31. 
1767. Grown at Upsala, tropical Amer- 
ica erroneously given as the source, 
received from Jacquin. 

Vilfa mexicana Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
148, 181. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
mexicana Li. 

Cinna? mexicana Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 32, 
148, 158. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
mexicana L. 

Trichochloa mexicana Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
fae 1820. Based on Agrostis mexicana 


Podosaemum mexicanum Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1: 84. 1827. Based on Agrostis 
mexicana L. 

Cinna arundinacea Retz. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 365. 1840. Not C. arun- 
dinacea L., 1753. As synonym of C. 
mexicana Beauv. 

Muhlenbergia mexicana var. purpurea 
Wood, Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 386. 
1871. Illinois, Wolf. 

Polypogon canadensis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
92. 1886. Based on Agrostis mexicana 


L. 

Muhlenbergia polystachya Mackenz. and 
Bush, Man. Fl. Jackson County 28. 
1902. Sibley, Mo., Mackenzie 637. 

Lepyroxis canadensis Beauv. ex Jacks., 
Ind. Kew Suppl. 1: 244. 1906, as 
synonym of Agrostis mexicana L. 

MUHLENBERGIA MEXICANA forma AMBIGUA 
(Torr.) Fernald, Rhodora 45: 236. 
1943. Based on M. ambigua Torr. 

Agrostis filiformis Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 
95. 1809. Not A. filiformis Vill., 1787, 
nor Muhlenbergia filiformis Rydb., 
1905. [Pennsylvania] North America. 

Agrostis foliosa ‘Hortul.’”’ Roem. and 


Sehults, Syst. “Ver. 92: 373. 1817. 
Garden specimen; seed from North 
America. 


Trichochloa foliosa Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
117. 1820. Based on Agrostis filiformis 
Willd. 

Cinna filiformis Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 70. 
1821. Based on Agrostis filiformis Willd. 

Agrostis lateriflora var. filiformis Torr., F1. 
North. and Mid. U. S. 1: 86. 1823. 
Based on A. filiformis Muhl. (error for 
Willd.). 

Trichochloa filiformis Trin. ex Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U.S. 1: 86. 1823, as 
synonym of Agrostis lateriflora var. 
filiformis Torr. 

Podosaemum foliosum Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 83. 1827. Based on Agrostis foliosa 
Roem. and Schult. 

Muhlenbergia ambigua Torr. in Nicoll., 


903 


Rpt. Miss. 164. 1843. “Okaman Lake, 
Sioux Country,” Geyer. 

Muhlenbergia mexicana var. 
Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 23. 
only. 

Muhlenbergia mexicana filiformis Seribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 36. 1894. 
Based on A. filiformis Muhl. (error for 
Willd.). 

Muhlenbergia foliosa ambigua Scribn., 
Rhodora 9: 20. 1907. Based on M. 
ambigua Torr. 

Muhlenbergia ambigua var.  filiformis 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 20: 168. 
1919. Based on Agrostis filiformis Muhl. 
[error for Willd.]. 

Muhlenbergia foliosa forma ambigua Wie- 
gand, Rhodora 26: 1. 1924. Based on 
M. ambigua Torr. 

MUHLENBERGIA MEXICANA forma’ SETI- 
cLumis (S. Wats.) Fernald, Rhodora 
45: 236. 1943. Based on M. sylvatica 
var. setiglumis S. Wats. 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. setiglumis 8S. 
Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 
378. 1871. Humboldt Pass, Nev., 
Watson 1288. 

Muhlenbergia foliosa setiglumis Scribn., 
Rhodora 9: 20. 1907. Based on M. 
sylvatica var. setiglumis S. Wats. 

Muhlenbergia setiglumis Nels. and Macbr., 
Bot. Gaz. 61: 30. 1916. Based on M. 
sylvatica var. setiglumis 8. Wats. 

(7) Muhlenbergia microsperma  (DC.) 
Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 64. 1829. Based 
on Trichochloa microsperma DC. 

Trichochloa microsperma DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 151. 1813. Mexico. 

Podosaemum setosum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 129. 1815. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Podosaemum debile H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 128. 1815. Ecuador, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Agrostis microsperma Lag., Gen. et Sp. 
Nov. 2. 1816. Mexico, Sessé. 

Trichochloa debilis Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 385. 1817. Based on 
Podosaemum debile H. B. K. 

Trichochloa setosa Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 386. 1817. Based on 
Podosaemum setosum H. B. K. 

Muhlenbergia fasciculata Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 192. 1824. North America. 

Agrostis setosa Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 262. 
1825. Based on Podosaemum setosum 
H. B. K. 

Agrostis debilis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 262. 
1825. Not A. debilis Poir., 1810. Based 
on Podosaemum debile H. B. K. 

Muhlenbergia setosa Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
63. 1829. Based on Podosaemum seto- 
sum H. B. K. 

Muhlenbergia debilis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 68. 1829. Based on Podosaemum 
debile H. B. K. 

Agrostis microcarpa Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 


filiformis 
1883. Name 


904 


2. 1: 41. 1840; 2: 164. 1841, as 
synonym of Muhlenbergia microsperma 
Kunth. 

Muhlenbergia purpurea Nutt., Acad. Nat. 
sci. Phila. Jour. Il.;1: 186. (s4s. 
Santa Barbara and Santa Catalina 
Island, Calif., Gambel. 

Muhlenbergia ramosissima Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 13: 231. 1886. Chihua- 
hua, Mexico, Palmer [158] in 1885. 

(2) Muhlenbergia minutissima (Steud.) 
Swallen, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 29: 
207. 1947. Based on Agrostis minutis- 
stma Steud. 

Agrostis minutissima Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 171. 1854. New Mexico, 
Fendler 986. 

Sporobolus minutissimus Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 161. 1928. Based 
on Agrostis minutissima Steud. 

This is the species described in the Man- 
ual, ed. 1, under Sporobolus microspermus 
(Lag.) Hitche. That is the same as Muhlen- 
bergia confusa (Fourn.) Swallen, known only 
from Mexico and Guatemala. 

(45) Muhlenbergia montana (Nutt.) 
Hitche., U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bul. 772: 145, 
147. 1920. Based on Calycodon mon- 
tanum Nutt. 

Calycodon montanum Nutt., Acad. Nat. 


ser. (Phila: > Jour. 1121412 2186. \ 1848. 
Santa Fe, [New] Mexico, Gambel. 
Muhlenbergia gracilis var. breviaristata 


Vasey in Rothr., Cat. Pl. Survey W. 
100th Merid. 54. 1874. Twin Lakes, 
Colo., [Wolf] 1090 in 1873. 

Muhlenbergia gracilis var. major Vasey in 

Rothr., in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 284. 1878. Mount 
Graham, Ariz., Wheeler Exped. [Roth- 
rock] 744. 

Muhlenbergia subalpina Vasey, Grasses 
U.S. Descr. Cat. 40. 1885. Based on 
M. gracilis var. breviaristata Vasey. 

Muhlenbergia trifida Hack., Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 8: 518. 1910. Michoacan, 
Mexico, Arséne 3217. 

This is the species referred to Muhlen- 
bergia gracilis by American authors, not M. 
gracilis (H. B. K.) Kunth. 

(48) Muhlenbergia monticola Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 91. 1862. 
“Northwestern Texas,” [Wright 731]. 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. flexuosa Vasey 

in Rothr., in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 284. 1878. New 
Mexico, Wright 731; Camp Crittenden, 
Ariz., Rothrock 681. 

(69) Muhlenbergia mundula I. M. John- 
ston, Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24: 392. 
1943. Chihuahua, Mexico, Pringle 417. 

(49) Muhlenbergia parvigiumis Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 71. 1892. 
Texas, Nealley. 

(22) Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckl., Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 91. 1862. 
Western Texas [Wright 732]. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Muhlenbergia sylvatica var.  pringlei 
Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 89. 
1882. Santa Rita Mountains, N. Mex., 
Pringle 480. 

Muhlenbergia neo-mexicana Vasey, Bot. 
Gaz. 11: 337. 1886. New Mexico 
[type, G. R. Vasey] and Arizona. 

Muhlenbergia pringle: Scribn. in Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:71. 1892. 
Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., Pringle 
480. 

(10) Muhlenbergia pectinata C. O. Good- 
ding, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 31: 505. 
1941. Guadalajara, Mexico, Pringle 
1745. 

(21) Muhlenbergia polycaulis Scribn., Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 38: 327. 1911. 
Chihuahua, Mexico, Pringle 1414. 

(51) Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 259. 1896. Based 
on M. terana Thurb. 

Muhlenbergia texana Thurb.; Port. and 
Coult., Syn. Fl. Colo. 144. 1874. Not 
M. texana Buckl., 1863. Texas, Bigelow; 
Parry; Wright 734. 

Podosaemum portert Bush, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 7: 36. 1921. Based on Muhlen- 
bergia porteri Scribn. 

(9) Muhlenbergia pulcherrima Scribn. in 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 240. 1896. 
Sierra Madre, Mexico, Pringle 1416. 

(50) Muhlenbergia pungens Thurb. in A. 
Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 9 
1863: 78. 1863. Rocky Mountains, — 
Colo., Hall and Harbour 632. 

Podosaemum pungens Bush, Amer. Midl. 
Nat: 7:32. ‘1921. Not P. pungens 
Link, 1827. Based on Muhlenbergia 
pungens Thurb. 

(33) Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) B.S. 
P., Prel..Catz Ni. ¥4 672.9218882 Pre- 
sumably based on Agrostis racemosa 
Michx. 

Agrostis racemosa Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 53. 1803. Mississippi River [IIL], 
Michaucz. 

Vilfa racemosa Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
148, 182. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
racemosa Michx. 

Polypogon racemosus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
51. 1818. Based on Agrostis racemosa 
Michx. 

Cinna racemosa Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 67. 
1829. Based on Agrostis racemosa 
Michx. 

Muhlenbergia glomerata var. ramosa Vasey, 
Grasses U. S. Descr. Cat. 40. 1885. 
Illinois to Colorado and Montana. 
[Type, collected by Vasey, marked 
“Dakota and Wisconsin.’’] 

Muhlenbergia racemosa var. ramosa Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer, 2: 253. 
1896. Presumably based on M. glo- 
merata var. ramosa Vasey. 

(14) Muhlenbergia repens (Presl) Hitche. 
in Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 111. 1912. 
Based on Sporobolus repens Presl. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Sporobolus repens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
241. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Vilfa repens Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 102. 1840. 
Based on Sporobolus repens Presl. 

Muhlenbergia subtilis Nees, Linnaea 19: 
689. 1847. Mexico, Aschenborn 206. 

Muhlenbergia abata I. M. Johnston, 
Arnold Arboretum Jour. 24: 387. 1943. 
Valley of the Rio Grande, New Mexico, 
Wright 1982. 

(61) Muhlenbergia reverchoni Vasey and 
Scribn., U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
66. 1892. Texas, Reverchon [73]. 

Podosaemum reverchoni Bush, Amer. Mid]. 
Nat. 7: 38. 1921. Based on Muhlen- 
bergia reverchoni Vasey and Scribn. 

(16) Muhlenbergia richardsonis (Trin.) 
Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 600. 
1905. Based on Vilfa richardsonis Trin. 

Vilfa squarrosa Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 100. 1840. 
Menzies Island [Columbia River, 
Wash. ]. 

Vilfa richardsonis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 44: 103. 1840. 
North America, Richardson. 

Muhlenbergia aspericaulis Nees ex Trin., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
41: 103. 1840, as synonym of Vulfa 
richardsonis Trin. 

Vilfa depauperata Torr. in Hook., FI. Bor. 
Amer, 2: 257. pl. 2. 36. 1840. Colum- 
bia River, from Menzies Island upward, 
Douglas. 

Sporobolus depauperatus Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 9: 108. 1882. Based on 
Vilfa depauperata Torr. 

Sporobolus aspericaulis Scribn., Bot. Gaz. 
21: 15. 1896. Based on Muhlenbergia 
aspericaulis Nees. 

Sporobolus richardsonii Merr., Rhodora 4: 
46. 1902. Based on Vilfa richardsonis 
Trin. 

Muhlenbergia squarrosa Rydb., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 36: 531. 1909. Based 
on Vilfa squarrosa Trin. 

Muhlenbergia brevifolia var. richardsonis 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 12. 
1912. Based.on Vilfa richardsonis Trin. 

This is the species which Nash (Britton 

Man. 105. 1901) called Sporobolus brevi- 

folius, but that name is based on Agrostis 

brevifolius Nutt., which is Muhlenbergia 
cuspidata (which see). 

(68) Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) Hitche., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 1933. 
Based on Epicampes rigens Benth. 

Cinna macroura (Kunth misapplied by) 
Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 276. 
1880. Not C. macroura (H. B. K.) 
Kunth, 1835. California. 

Vilfa rigens Thurb. ex S. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 276. 1880. Not V. rigens 
Trin., 1830. As synonym of C. macroura 
Kunth. “Sonora” [probably error for 
Sonoma] California, Bolander [6124]. 


905 


Epicampes rigens Benth., Linn. Soc. Jour., 
Bot. 19:88. 1881. Based on the species 
Thurber described as Cinna macroura, 
not that of (H. B. K.) Kunth. 

Crypsinna rigens Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 8. 1912. Based on Epi- 
campes rigens Benth. 

(63) Muhlenbergia rigida (H. B. K.) Kunth, 

- Rév. Gram. 1: 63. 1829. Based on 
Podosaemum rigidum H. B. K. 

Podosaemum rigidum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1:129. 1815. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Trichochloa rigida Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 386. 1817. Based on 
Podosaemum rigidum H. B. K. 

Muhlenbergia berlandiert Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 299. 
1841. Mexico, Berlandier. 

Muhlenbergia affinis Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 301. 
1841. ‘““Toluco,”’ Berlandier. 

(42) Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel., Syst. 
Nat. 2:171. 1791. Based on the species 
described by Schreber (Gen. Pl. 1: 44. 
1789) under Muhlenbergia with no 
specific name [Pennsylvania]. 

Muhlenbergia diffusa Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 
320. 1797. North America. Name only, 
Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soe. Trans. 3: 160. 
1793. 

Dilepyrum minutiflorum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 40. 1803. Kentucky and 
Illinois, Michaux. Listed as Dylepyrum 
multiflorum by Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 160. 
1812. 

Dylepyrum diffusum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
160. 1812. Name only, referred to 
Muhlenbergia. Probably the same as M. 
diffusa Willd. 

Anthipsimus gonopodus Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 105. 1819. Dry hills of the 

Ohio. 

Cynodon diffusus Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on ‘Muhlen- 
bergia Schr.” (error for Willd.). 

Agrostis apetala Bosc. ex Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 287. 
1841, as synonym of Muhlenbergia 
diffusa Schreb. 

Muhlenberagia bottert Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
85. 1886. Orizaba, Mexico, Botteri 87. 

Muhlenbergia minutiflora Hitche., Kans. 
Acad. Sci. Trans. 14: 140. 1896. Based 
on Dilepyrum minutiflorum Michx. 

MUHLENBERGIA SCHREBERI Var. PALUSTRIS 
(Seribn.) Scribn., Rhodora 9:17. 1907. 
Based on M. palustris Seribn. (Published 
as M. schreberi palustris.) 

Muhlenbergia palustris Seribn., U. 8S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 47. 
1898. District of Columbia, Steele in 
1896. 

Muhlenbergia schrebert var. palustris 
Scribn. ex Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 
1908. Based on M. palustris Seribn. 

(55) Muhlenbergia setifolia Vasey, Bot. 


906 


Gaz. 7: 92. 1882. Guadalupe Moun- 
tains, Tex., Havard. 

(4) Muhlenbergia sinuosa Swallen, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 29: 204. 1947. 
San Luis Mountains, New Mexico, 
Mearns 2457. 

Sporobolus confusus var. aberrans Jones, 


West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 10. 1912. 
Bowie, Ariz., Jones. 
(35) Muhlenbergia  sobolifera  (Muhl.) 


rin: Gram. Oni 189: pi aoa. 4. 
1824. Based on Agrostis sobolifera Muhl. 
Agrostis sobolifera Muhl. in Willd., Enum. 
Pl. 95. 1809. Pennsylvania. Name 
only, Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. 


4: 236. 1799. 
Achnatherum soboliferum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 20, 146. 1812. Based on 


Agrostis sobolifera Muhl. 

Trichochloa sobolifera Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
117. 1820. Based on Agrostis sobolifera 
Muhl. 

Cinna sobolifera Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 71. 
1821. Based on Agrostis sobolifera Willd. 

Podosaemum  soboliferum Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1: 83. 1827. Based on Agrostis 
sobolifera Muhl. 

MUHLENBERGIA SOBOLIFERA Var. SETIGERA 
Seribn., Rhodora 9: 18. 1907. Texas, 
Reverchon 70. (Published as M. sobo- 
lifera (subsp.) setigera.) 

Muhlenbergia sobolifera forma setigera 
Deam, Ind. Dept. Conserv. Pub. 82: 
163. 1929. Based on WM. sobolifera 
setigera Scribn. 

(40) Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. 
in A. Gray, N. Amer. Gram. et Cyp. 1: 
13. 1834. Based on Agrostis sylvatica 
Torr. 

Agrostis diffusa Muhl., Deser. Gram. 64. 
1817. Not A. diffusa Host, 1809. 
Pennsylvania. 

Agrostis sylvatica Torr., Fl. North. and 
Vids ss 1.87. 1823". Not. cA. 
sylvatica Huds., 1762. Mountains of 
New Jersey. 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. gracilis 
Scribn., Kans. Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 
116. 1885. Topeka, Kans., Popenoe. 

Muhlenbergia umbrosa Seribn., Rhodora 
9: 20. 1907. Based on Agrostis syl- 
vatica Torr. 

Muhlenbergia diffusa Farwell, Mich. Acad. 
Sci. Rpt. 20:168. 1919. Not M. diffusa 
Willd., 1797. Based on Agrostis diffusa 
Muhl. 

MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA forma ATTENU- 
ATA (Scribn.) Palmer and Steyermark, 
Mo. Bot. Gard. Ann. 22: 467. 1935. 
Based on M. umbrosa subsp. attenwata 
Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia umbrosa subsp. attenuata 
Scribn., Rhodora 9: 21. 1907. Aurora 
County, 8. Dak., Wilcox 25. 

Muhlenbergia umbrosa forma attenuata 
Deam, Ind, Dept. Conserv. Pub. 82: 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


171. 1929. Based on M. 
subsp. attenuata Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia diffusa var. attenuata Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 23: 125. 
1938. Presumably based on M. umbrosa 
subsp. attenuata Scribn. 


umbrosa 


MUHLENBERGIA SYLVATICA Var. ROBUSTA 
Fernald, Rhodora 45: 236. 1943. 
Sydney, Maine, Fernald and Long 
12597. 


(36) Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) B. 
S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 67. 1888. Based 
on Agrostis tenuiflora Willd. 

Agrostis tenuiflora Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 364. 
1797. North America. 

Apera tenuiflora Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 151. 
1812. Based on Agrostis tenuiflora Willd. 

Trichochloa longiseta Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
117. 1820. Based on Agrostis tenuiflora 
Willd. Erroneously given as T. longi- 
flora Trin., in Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 
601. 1833. 

Cinna tenuiflora Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 71. 

1821. Based on Agrostis tenuzflora 
Willd. 

Muhlenbergia wildenowii Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 188. pl. 5. f. 3. 1824. Based on 
Agrostis tenuiflora Willd. 

Trichochloa tenuiflora Sweet, Hort. Brit. 
443. 1826. Based on Agrostis tenurflora 


Willd. 

Podosaemum tenuiflorum Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1: 82. 1827. Based on Agrostis 
tenuiflora Willd. 

Muhlenbergia tenuiflora subsp. variabilis 
Scribn., Rhodora 9: 18. 1907. Chim- 
ney Mountain, N. C., Biltmore Her- 
barium 654a. 

(5) Muhlenbergia texana Buckl., 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 91. 
Northern Texas. 

Agrostis barbata Buckl. ex A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 334. 1862. 
Not A. barbata Pers., 1805. As synonym 
of Muhlenbergia terana Buckl. 

Muhlenbergia buckleyana Scribn., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 56. 1890. 
Based on M. texana Buckl. 

Podosaemum tecanum Bush, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 7: 41. 1921. Based on Muhlen- 
bergia tevana Buckl. 

(18) Muhlenbergia thurberi Rydb., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 32: 601. 1905. Based 
on Sporobolus filiculmis Vasey ex Beal. 
Vilfa filiculmis Thurb., also cited, is a 
name only, and no reference is made to 
Sporobolus thurberi Scribn. 

Sporobolus filiculmis Vasey, Descr. Cat. 
Grasses U. S. 44. 1885, name only; 
Vasey ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
288. 1896. Not S. filiculmis L. H. 
Dewey, 1894. New Mexico, Whipple 
Exped. [Plaza Larga, Bigelow 778]. 

Vilfa filiculmis Thurb. ex Vasey, Descr. 
Cat. Grasses U.S. 44. 1885, as synonym 
of Sporobolus filiculmis Vasey. 

Sporobolus thurberi Scribn., U, 8. Dept. 


Acad. 
1862. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 48. f. 5. 
1808 “Vilfa filiculmis Thurb.”’ Plaza 
Larga, N. Mex., Bigelow. 

Vilfa filiculmis Thurb. ex Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 48. 
1898, as synonym of Sporobolus thurbert 
Scribn. 

Muhlenbergia filiculmis Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 12. 1912. Not M. fili- 
culmis Vasey, 1898. Based on Vilfa 
filiculmis Thurb., name only. 

(28) Muhlenbergia torreyana  (Schult.) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 136. 
1934. Based on Agrostis torreyana 
Schult. 

Agrostis compressa Torr., Cat. Pl. N. Y. 
91. 1819. Not A. compressa Willd., 
1790. New Jersey, Goldy. 

Vilfa compressa Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2: 58. 1821. Not V. compressa 
Beauv., 1812. North America. 

Colpodium compressum Trin. ex Spreng., 
Neu. Entd. 2: 58. 1821, as synonym 
of Vilfa compressa Trin. 

Agrostis torreyana Schult., Mantissa 2: 
203. 1824. Based on Agrostis com- 
pressa Torr. 

Sporobolus compressus Kunth, Enum. PI. 
1: 217. 1833. Based on Agrostis com- 
pressa Torr. 

Sporobolus torreyanus Nash in Britton, 
Man. 107. 1901. Based on Agrostis 
torreyana Schult. 

(53) Muhlenbergia torreyi (Kunth) Hitche. 
ex Bush, Amer. Midl. Nat. 6:84. 1919. 
Based on Agrostis torreyi Kunth. 

Agrostis caespitosa Torr., Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
1:152. 1824. Not A. caespitosa Salisb., 
1796, nor Muhlenbergia caespitosa 
Chapm., 1878. Prairies of Missouri and 
Platte River. 

Agrostis torreyi Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 17. 18380. Based on A. caespitosa 
Torr. 

Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr., U. S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 155. 1857. 
Llano Estacado and near Antelope 
Hills, Canadian River, Tex. [Bigelow.] 

Muhlenbergia nardifolia Griseb., Abh. Ges. 
Wiss. Gottingen 24: 294. 1879. Ar- 
gentina. 

Podosaemum gracillimum Bush, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 7: 33. 1921. Based on 
Muhlenbergia gracillima Torr. 

(29) Muhlenbergia uniflora (Muhl.) Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 29:10. 1927. Based on 
Poa uniflora Muhl. 

Poa? uniflora Muhl., Descr. Gram. 151. 
1817. New England. Name only, Muhl., 


Cat. Pl. 11. 1813. 
Agrostis serotina Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U.S.1:88. 1823. Not A. serotina 


Lam., 1767. New Jersey. 

Vilfa serotina Trin., Gram. Icon. 3: pl. 
251. 1830. North America, ‘Agrostis 
serotina Nutt. ms.” 

Vilfa serotina Torr. in A. Gray, N. Amer. 


907 
Gram. and Cyp. 1:2. 1834. Based on 
Agrostis serotina Torr. 

Vilfa tenera Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 87. 1804. 
Boston, Boott. 

Poa modesta Tuckerm., Amer. Jour. Sci. 
45: 45. 1848. Cambridge, Mass. 
[ Tuckerman. | 

Sporobolus serotinus A. Gray, Man. 577. 
1848. Based on Agrostis serotina Torr. 

Sporobolus uniflorus Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. Q7: 
5. 1900. Based on Poa uniflora Muhl. 

Poa stricta uniflora Muhl. ex Seribn. and 
Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 27:5. 1900, as synonym of Sporo- 
bolus uniflorus Muhl. 

Muhlenbergia uniflora var. terrae-novae 
Fernald, Rhodora 29: 11. 1927. New- 
foundland, Fernald, Long, and Dunbar 
26244. 

(15) Muhlenbergia utilis (Torr.) Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 1933. 
Based on Vilfa utilis Torr. 

Vilfa utilis Torr., U. 8. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 
Rpt. 57: 365. 1858. Between Tejon 
Pass and Lost Hills, Calif. [Blake]. 

Vilfa. sacatiulla Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 101. 
886. 1881. Chapultepec, Mexico, 
Schaffner; San Luis de Potosi, Vzrlet 
1455; Texas, Wright. 

Sporobolus sacatilla Griseb. ex Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 101. 1886, as synonym of 
Vilfa sacatilla Fourn. 

Sporobolus utilis Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 171. f. 467. 1899. 
Based on Vilfa utilis Torr. 

(17) Muhlenbergia villosa Swallen, Wash. 
Acad, «scl, Jour: 31: 35051-25194). 
Stanton, Tex., Tharp 5048. 

(47) Muhlenbergia virescens (H. B. K.) 
Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1:64. 1829. Based 
on Podosaemum virescens H. B. K. 

Podosaemum virescens H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 132. 1815. Mexico, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Trichochloa virescens Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 389. 1817. Based on 
Podosaemum virescens H. B. Kk. 

Muhlenbergia straminea Hitche., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 17: 302. 1918. 
Chihuahua, Mexico, Endlich 1210. 

(1) Muhlenbergia wolfii (Vasey) Rydb., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 600. 1905. 
Based on Sporobolus wolfit Vasey. 

Vilfa minima Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr. 
Monthly Rpt. 1874: 155. 1874. Not 
V. minima Trin. ex Steud., 1854. Twin 
Lakes, Colo., Wolf 1077. 

Sporobolus wolfii Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10: 52. 1883. Twin Lakes, Colo., 
Wolf [1077]. 

Sporobolus racemosus Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 14: 9. 1887. Chihuahua, 
Mexico, Palmer [4 B in 1885]. 

This species was described under Sporo- 

bolus ramulosus in the Manual, ed. 1. That 


908 


species is Muhlenbergia ramulosus (H. B. 
IX.) Swallen, known only from Mexico and 
Central America. 

(25) Muhlenbergia wrightii Vasey in Coul- 
ter, Man. Rocky Mount. 409. 1885. 
Colorado and New Mexico [type 
Wright 1986]. 

Muhlenbergia wrightiz var. annulata Vasey, 
Grasses U. S. Descr. Cat. 41. 1885. 
Name only. [Arizona, Lemmon, 3179.] 

Muhlenbergia coloradensis Mez, Repert. 
pp: - Novs: -Feddeaal7:° 213) -1921. 
“Chiann [Cheyenne] Canyon,” Colo., 
Jones [806]. 

(56) Muhlenbergia xerophila C. O. Good- 
ding, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 19. 
1940. Sycamore Canyon, Ariz., Good- 
ding M. 262. 


(114) MUNROA Torr. 


(1) Munroa squarrosa (Nutt.) Torr., U. S. 
Expl. Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 45: 158. 1857. 
Based on Crypsis squarrosa Nutt. 

Crypsis squarrosa Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 49. 
1818. Grand detour of the Missouri 
River [S. Dak., Nuttall]. 

Munroa squarrosa var. floccwosa Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 456. 1896. 
Arizona, [Peach Springs], Jones. (See 
p. 545.) 


Nardus stricta L., Sp. Pl. 53. 1753. Europe. 


Nasselia chilensis (Trin. and Rupr.) E. 
Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 6: 267. 1858. 
Based on Urachne chilensis Trin. 

Urachne chilensis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 123. 1834. Chile. 

Urachne major Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 21. 
1842. Chile. 

Nassella major E. Desv. in Gay, Fl. Chil. 
6: 265. 1853. Based on Urachne chi- 
lensis Trin. and Rupr. 


(35) NEOSTAPFIA Davy 


(1) Neostapfia colusana (Davy) Davy, Ery- 
thea 7: 43. 1899. Based on Stapfia 
colusana Davy. 

Stapfia colusana Davy, Erythea 6: 110. pl. 
3. 1898. Colusa County, Calif., Davy. 

Davyella colusana Hack., Oesterr. Bot. 
Ztschr. 49: 134. 1899. Based on Stapfia 
colusana Davy. 

Anthochloa colusana Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. -17: 221. f. 517. 
1899. 


(29) NEYRAUDIA Hook. f. 


(1) Neyraudia reynaudiana (Kunth) Keng, 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 131. 1934. Based 
on Arundo reynaudiana Kunth. 

Arundo reynaudiana Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
2: 275. pl. 49. 1830. Burma, Reynaud. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(147) OLYRA L. 


(1) Olyra latifolia L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
1261. 1759. Jamaica, Sloane. 

Olyra paniculata Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Occ. 21. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Olyra arundinacea H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1: 197. 1816. Colombia, Hwm- 
boldt and Bonpland. 

Stipa latifolia Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 449. 1825. Based on Olyra 
latifolia L. 

Olyra latifolia var. arundinacea Griseb., 
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 535. 1864. Presum- 
ably based on O. arundinacea H. B. K. 


(140) OPLISMENUS Beauv. 


(2) Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 54, 168. 1812. Based on Pani- 
cum hirtellum L. 

Panicum hirtellum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 870. 1759. Jamaica [Browne]. 

Orthopogon hirtellus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
55. 1818. Based on Panicum hirtellum 
Ti: 

Orthopogon cubensis Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
i= 3047, 1825, Cuba: 

Echinochloa cubensis Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1): 596. 1827. Based on Ortho- 
pogon cubensis Spreng. 

Oplismenus cubensis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 45. 1829. Based on Orthopegon 
cubensis Spreng. 

Panicum cubense Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
2: 255. 1841. Based on Orthopogon 
cubensis Spreng. 

Oplismenus chondrosioides Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2:39. 1886. Mexico, Liebmann 367. 

This species is cultivated under the name 

Panicum variegatum Hort. (see Gard. Chron. 

458. 1867). 

(1) Oplismenus setarius (Lam.) Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:481. 1817. Based 
on Panicum setariwm Lam. 

Panicum setarium Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
170. 1791. South America, Com- 
merson. 

Panicum velutinum G. Meyer, Prim. FI. 
Esseq. 51. 1818. British Guiana 
[Meyer]. 

Orthopogon parvifolium Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
55, errata. 1818. Florida and South 
Carolina. On page 55 this is described 
under Orthopogon hirtellus Nutt., the 
name based on Panicum hirtellum L., 
but misapplied. 

Setaria hirtella Schult., Mantissa 2: 276. 
1824. Based on the species described by 
Muhlenberg (Descr. Gram. 103. 1817) 
under the name Panicum hirtellum. 

Orthopogon setarius Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
306. 1825. Based on Panicum setarium 
Lam. 

Oplismenus parvifolius Kunth, Reév. 
Gram. 1: 45. 1829. Based on Ortho- 
pogon parvifolium Nutt. 

Orthopogon hirtellus Eaton and Wright, N. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 336. 1840. Southern 
States. No reference to Nuttall, nor 
synonym cited. 

Panicum nuttallianum Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 260. 1841. Based on Ortho- 
pogon parvifolius Nutt. 

Oplismenus compositus var. setartus F. M. 
Bailey, Queensl. Grasses 19. 1888. 
Based on Panicum setarium Lam. 

Hippagrostis setarius Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 777. 1891. Based on Panicum 
setartum Lam. 

Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. setarius Mez 
ex Ekman, Arkiv Bot. 114: 26. 1912. 
Based on Panicum setarium Lam. 


(36) ORCUTTIA Vasey 


(2) Orcuttia californica Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 219. pl. 60. 1886. San 
Quentin Bay, Baja California, Orcutt. 

ORCUTTIA CALIFORNICA var. INAEQUALIS 
(Hoover) Hoover, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 68: 154. 1941. Based on O. 
inaequalis Hoover. 

Orcuttia inaequalis Hoover, Madrofio 3: 
229. 1936. Montpellier, Calif., Hoover 
582. 

ORCUTTIA CALIFORNICA Var. VISCIDA Hoover, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 68: 155, 1941. 
Folsom, Calif., Hoover 3709. 

(1) Orcuttia greenei Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 16: 
146. 1891. Chico, Calif., Greene. 

(4) Orcuttia pilosa Hoover, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 68: 155. 1941. Waterford, 
Calif., Hoover 3624. 

(3) Orcuttia tenuis Hitche., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 21: 131. 1934. Goose Valley, 
Shasta County, Calif., Eastwood 1013 
(distributed in Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 
No. 686 as Orcuttia californica). 


(119) ORYZA L. 


(1) Oryza sativa L., Sp. Pl. 333. 
Africa and India. 

Oryza sativa var. rubribarbis Desv., Jour. 
Bot. Desv. 1: 76. 1813. Cultivated in 
North America. 

Oryza rubribarbis Steud., Nom. Bot. 577. 
1821. Based on O. sativa var. rubribarbis 
Desv. 

Oryza sativa var. savannae Koern. in 
Koern. and Wern., Handb. Getreidebau. 
1: 233, 236. 1885. Cultivated. Sa- 
vannah, Ga. 


(89) ORYZOPSIS Michx. 


(8) Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 51. pl. 9. 1803. Hudson Bay 
to Quebec, Michaux. 

Oryzopsis aspera ‘‘Mx.” ex Muhl., Cat. 
Pl. 11. 1818., error for O. asperifolia. 

Oryzopsis mutica Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 41. 
1821. North America. 

Urachne asperifolia Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
174, 1824. Based on Oryzopsis asperi- 
folia Michx. 


1753. 


909 


Urachne leucosperma Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 94. 1827. Albany, N. Y. 

Urachne mutica Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
2: 731. 1841. Based on Oryzopsis 
mutica Link. 

Oryzopsis leucosperma Link ex Walbp., 
Ann. Bot. [London] 3: 728. 1853, as 
synonym of Urachne asperifolia Trin. 

(10) Oryzopsis bloomeri (Boland.) Ricker 
in Piper, U. S. Natl. Herb. Conirib. 
11:109. 1906. Based on Stipa bloomeri 
Boland. 

Stipa bloomeri Boland., Calif. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. 4: 168. 1872. Bloody Canyon, 
near Mono Lake, Calif., Bolander 
[6116]. 

Oryzopsis caduca Beal, Bot. Gaz. 15: 111. 
1890. Belt Mountains, Mont., Scrib- 
ner. 

Stipa caduca Scribn., U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 3: 54. 1892. Based on Oryzop- 
sis caduca Beal. 

Eriocoma caduca Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Mem. 1: 25. 1900. Based on Stepa 
caduca Scribn. 

X Stiporyzopsis caduca B. L. Johnson and 
Rogler, Amer. Jour. Bot. 30: 55. f. 10, 
14, 28-33. 1948. Based on Oryzopsis 
caduca Beal. “Oryzopsis hymenoides X 
Stipa viridula.”’ 

xX Stiporyzopsis bloomert B. L. Johnson, 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 32: 602. f. 14-18. 
1945. Based on Stzrpa bloomerz Bolander. 
“Oryzopsis hymenoides X Stipa occt- 
dentalis.”’ 

This is the species described by Beal 
(Grasses N. Amer. 2: 226. 1896) under the 
name Oryzopsis sibirica Beal, but the name 
is based on Stipa sibirica Lam., not known 
from America. 

(6) Oryzopsis canadensis (Poir.) Torr., FI. 
N. Y. 2: 433. 1848. Based on Stipa 
canadensis Poir. 

Stipa juncea Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 54. 1803. Not S. juncea L., 17538. 
Hudson Bay, Canada, Michauz. 

Stipa canadensis Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
7: 452. 1806. Based on S. juncea 
Michx. 

Urachne canadensis Torr. in A. Gray, 
N. Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 2: 114. 
1835. Based on Stipa canadensis Poir. 

Oryzopsis juncea B.S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 
67. 1888. Based on Stipa juncea 
Michx, 

Stipa macouni Scribn. in Macoun, Can. 
Pl. Cat. 2°: 390. 1890. New Brunswick. 

Oryzopsis macountt Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 229. 1896. Based on Stipa 
macountt Scribn. 

This is the species to which the name 
Stipa richardsonii Link was applied by A.. 
Gray in the earlier editions of the Manual. 
(4) Oryzopsis exigua Thurb. in Wilkes, 

U.S. Expl. Exped. Bot. 17: 481. 1874. 
Cascade Mountains, Oreg., Wilkes 
Expl. Exped. 


910 


(3) Oryzopsis hendersoni Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 267. 1893. 
[Clements Mountain, near North Ya- 
kima] Henderson 2249. 

Oryzopsis exigua var. hendersoni Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 11. 1912. 
Based on O. hendersoni Vasey. 

(12) Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. and 
Schult.) Ricker in Piper, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 109. 1906. Based on 
Stipa hymenoides Roem. and Schult. 

Stipa membranacea Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 
2: 728. 1814. Not S. membranacea L., 
1753. Banks of the Missouri River, 
Bradbury. 

Stipa hymenoides Roem. and_ Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 339. 1817. Based on 
Stipa membranacea Pursh. 

Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 40, 
1818. Grassy plains of the Missouri 
[type from “Platte Plains,’’ Nuttall]. 

Milium cuspidatum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 251. 1825. Based on EHriocoma 
cuspidata Nutt. 

Urachne lanata Trin. and Rupr., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 126. 
1834. North America. 

Eriocoma membranacea Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 586. 1840, as synonym of 
Urachne lanata Trin. 

Fendleria rhynchelytroides Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 420. 1854. New Mexico, 
Fendler 979. 

Oryzopsis cuspidata Benth. ex Vasey, 
Grasses U. S. 23. 1883. Based on 
Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt. 

Oryzopsis membranacea Vasey, U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 12?: pl. 10. 1891. 
Based on Stipa membranacea Pursh. 

Eriocoma membranacea Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer, 2: 232. 1896. Based on Stipa 
membranacea Pursh. 

Eriocoma hymenoides Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 39: 102. 1912. Based on 
Stipa hymenoides Roem. and Schult. 

ORYZOPSIS HYMENOIDES var. CONTRACTA B. 
L. Johnson, Bot. Gaz. 107: 24. 1945. 
Wyoming, Elias Nelson 4850. 

(7) Oryzopsis kingii (Boland.) Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer, 2: 229. 1896. Based on Stipa 
kingw Boland. 

Stipa kingii Boland., Calif. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. 4: 170. 1872. Mount Dana, 
Calif., Bolander 6076 [error for 6097]. 

(2) Oryzopsis micrantha (Trin. and Rupr.) 
Thurb., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 
1863: 78. 1863. Based on Urachne 
micrantha Trin. and Rupr. 

Urachne micrantha Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51: 16. 1842. North America [type 
from Saskatchewan]. 

(1) Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Benth. and 
Hook. ex Aschers. and Schweinf., Mém. 
Inst. Egypte 2: 169. 1887. Presumably 
based on Agrostis miliacea L. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Agrostis miliacea L., Sp. Pl. 61. 1753. 
Europe. 

Achnatherum miliaceum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 20, 146, 148. 1812. Based on 
Agrostis miliacea L. 

Piptatherum miliaceum Coss., Notes Crit. 
ae 1851. Based on Agrostis miliacea 


(5) Oryzopsis pungens (Torr.) Hitchc., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 151. 
1908. Based on Milium pungens Torr. 

Milium pungens Torr. in Spreng., Neu. 


Entd. 2: 102. 1821. “Schenectady in 
Massachusetana.” [Error for New 
York.] 


Oryzopsis parviflora Nutt., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Jour. 3: 125. 1823. Bellows 

. Falls, Vt. 

Panicum firmum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 37. 1829. Based on Milium pungens 
Torr. 

Urachne brevicaudata Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 127. 
1834. Lake Winnipeg, Canada. 

Urachne canadensis Torr. and Gray ex 
Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 5!: 17. 1842, as 
synonym of Urachne brevicaudata Trin. 

(9) Oryzopsis racemosa (J. E. Smith) 
Ricker in Hitche., Rhodora 8: 210. 
1906. Based on Milium racemosum 
J. E. Smith. 

Milium racemosum J. E. Smith, in Rees’s 
Cycl. 23: Milium No. 15. 1813. Lan- 
caster, Pa., Muhlenberg. 

Oryzopsis melanocarpa Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 79. 1817. Pennsylvania, Muh- 
lenberg. Name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 11. 
1813. 

Piptatherum nigrum Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U.S. 1: 79. 1823. Williamstown 
and Deerfield, Mass.; Kingston and 
Fishkill Mountains, N. Y.; Pennsyl- 
vania, Muhlenberg. 

Urachne racemosa Trin., Gram. Unifl. 174. 
1824. Based on Milium racemosum J. E. 
Smith. 

Urachne melanosperma Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 94. 1827. Based on Oryzopsis 
melanocarpa Muhl. 

Piptatherum racemosum Eaton, Man. ed. 
5. 331. 1829. Presumably based on 
Milium racemosum J, E. Smith. 

(11) Oryzopsis webberi (Thurb.) Benth. ex 
Vasey, Grasses U. S. 23. 1883. Based 
on EHriocoma webberi Thurb. 

Eriocoma webberit Thurb. in 8. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 283. 1880. Sierra Valley, 
Calif., Bolander. 

Stipa webbert B. L. Johnson, Bot. Gaz. 
107: 25. 1945. Based on FEriocoma 
webbert Thurb. 


(137) PANICUM L. 


(156) Panicum abscissum Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 30: 215. f. 4. 1940. 
Sebring, Fla., Weatherwaz in 1925. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(14) Panicum aciculare Desv. ex Poir. in 
Lam., Encycl. Sup. 4: 274. 1816. 
“Indes orientales,”’ erroneous; probably 
from southeastern United States. 

Panicum setaceum Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
99. 1817. Georgia. Name only, Muhl., 
Cat. Pl. 9. 1818. 

Panicum subuniflorum Bose ex Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1: 312. 1825. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Panicum arenicola Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 56. 1898. Chapel 
Hill, Ni. C3 Ashe: 

Panicum pungens Muhl. ex Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 27: 2. 1900. Not P. pungens Poir., 
1816. As synonym of P. setaceum 
Muhl. 

Panicum filirameum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 88. 1900. New 
Hanover County, N. C., Ashe. 

This is the species described in Britton’s 
Manual and in Small’s Flora (ed. 1) under 
the name Panicum neuranthum Griseb. 
(103) Panicum aculeatum Hitche. and 

Chase, Rhodora 8: 209. 1906. District 
of Columbia, Chase 2520. 

(68) Panicum addisonii Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 83. 1898. Wildwood, 
N. J., Bicknell in 1897. 

Panicum owenae Bicknell, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 35: 185. 1908. Nantucket, 
Mass., Bicknell in 1907. 

Panicum commonsianum subsp. addi- 
sonit Stone, N. J. State Mus. Ann. 
Rpt. 1910: 205. 1911. Based on P. 
addisonit Nash. 

Panicum commonsianum var. addisonit 


Pohl, Amer. Midl. Nat. 38: 582. 1947. 
Based on P. addisonii Nash. 
(121) Panicum adspersum Trin., Gram. 


Pan. 146. 1826. Dominican Republic. 

Panicum thomasianum Steud ex Doell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 188. 1877, as 
synonym of P. adspersum. St. Thomas, 
Duchaissing. 

Panicum keyense Mez, Notizbl. Bot. Gart. 
Berlin 7: 61. 1917. Sand Key, Fla., 
Curtiss 3606**, 5431, 6705. 

This is the species described as Panicum 
striatum Lam. by Chapman (Fl. South. 
U.S. ed. 2. 666. 1883). 

(157) Panicum agrostoides Spreng., PI. 
Pugill. 2: 4. 1815. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. Name only, Muhl., Amer. 
Phil. Soc. Trans. 4: 236. 1799. 

Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Spreng., Syst. 


Veg. 1: 320. 1825; Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 163. 1829. [South Carolina? 
Bosc 


Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 40. 1840, errone- 
ously cited as synonym of A. composita 
Poir. [Carolina, Bosc.] 

Panicum elongatum var. ramosior Mohr, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 6: 357. 
1901. Near Mobile, Ala. [Mohv]. 


911 


PANICUM AGROSTOIDES var. RAMOSIUS 
(Mohr) Fernald, Rhodora 38: 390. 
1936. Based on P. elongatum var. 
ramosior Mohr. 

(46) Panicum albemarlense Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 84. 1900. 
Scranton, Hyde County, N. C., Ashe 
in 1899. 

Panicum velutinum Bosc ex Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1: 315. 1825. Not P. velu- 
tinum Meyer, 1818. Name only. [Bosc.] 

Panicum meridionale var. albermarlense 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 76. 1934. Based 
on P. albermarlense Ashe. 

(77) Panicum albomarginatum Nash, Tor- 


rey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 40. 1897. 
Kustis, Fla., Nash 925. 
(154) Panicum amarulum Hitche. and 


Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
96. f. 87. 1910. Virginia Beach, Va., 
Williams 3090. 

(153) Panicum amarum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 121. 1816. Presumably South 
Carolina. 

Panicum amarum var. minus Vasey and 
Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. 
Bul. 8: 38. 1889. Fortress Monroe, 
Va., Vasey. 

Panicum amaroides Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 29: 
5. f. 1. 1901. Based on P. amarum var. 
minus Vasey and Scribn. 

Chasea amara Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat. 
2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum 
amarum Ell. 

(162) Panicum anceps Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer, 1: 48. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Panicum rostratum Muhl. in Willd., 
Enum. Pl. 1032. 1809. Pennsylvania 
[type, Muhlenberg] and Carolina. Name 
only, Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. 
4: 236. 1799. 

Agrostis nutans Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 1: 255. 1810. Carolina, Bosc. 
Vilfa nutans Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 148, 
181. 1812. Based on Agrostis nutans 

Poir. 

Panicum nutans Desv., Opuse. 93. 1831. 
Based on Agrostis nutans Poir. 

Panicum anceps var. angustum Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 37. 
1889. Texas, Nealley. 

Panicum anceps var. densiflorum Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 
37. 1889. [Marshall] Tex., Riggs [91]. 

(18) Panicum angustifolium El]., Bot. S. C. 
and Ga. 1: 129. 1816. Presumably 
South Carolina. 

?Panicum ramulosum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 50. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Panicum nitidum var. angustifolium A. 
Gray, N. Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 2: 
ae 1835. Based on P. angustifolium 

ll: 

Panicum curtisti Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
66. 1854. South Carolina, M. A. Curtis. 

_Chasea angustifolia Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. 


912 


Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum 
angustifolium Ell. 

(29) Panicum annulum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 58. 1898. 
Maryland to North Carolina and Geor- 
gia, Washington, D. C., Ward in 1892 


[type]. 
Panicum bogueanum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 85. 1900. 


Based on P. annulum Ashe. 

Panicum antidotale Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 17. 
1786. Botanic garden, India. 

(21) Panicum arenicoloides Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 89. 1900. 
Wilmington, N. C., Ashe in 1899. 

Panicum orthophyllum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 90. 1900. 
New Hanover County, N. C., Ashe in 
1899. 

(123) Panicum arizonicum Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 32: 2. 1901. Camp Lowell, Ariz., 
Pringle 465. 

Panicum fuscum var. majus Vasey, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8:26. 1889. 
-Mexico [southwestern Chihuahua, Pal- 
mer 1b in 1885]. 

Panicum dissitiflorum Vasey in S. Wats., 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 24: 80. 1889. 
Name only. Guaymas, Mexico, Palmer 
159 in part, 190. 

Panicum fasiculatum var. majus Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 117. 1896. Based 
on P. fuscum var. majus Vasey. 

Panicum fasiculatum dissitiflorum Vasey 
ex Scribn. and Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 2. 1901, as 
synonym of P. arizonicum. 

Panicum arizonicum var. tenue Scribn. 
and Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 32: 3. 1901. Fort Hua- 
chuca, Ariz., Wilcox in 1894. 

Panicum arizonicum var.  laeviglume 
Scribn. and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 3. 1901. Mescal, 
Ariz., Griffiths 1810. 

Panicum arizonicum var. majus Scribn. 
and Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 32: 3. 1901. Based on P. 
fuscum var. majus Vasey. 

(108) Panicum ashei Pearson in Ashe, 
Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soe. Jour. 15: 35. 
1898. Ithaca, N. Y., Ashe in 1898. 

Panicum umbrosum LeConte ex Torr. in 
Eaton, Man. Bot. 342. 1818. Not 
P. umbrosum Retz., 1786. New York. 

Panicum commutatum var. ashei Fernald, 
Rhodora 36: 83. 1934. Based on P. 
ashei Pearson. 

(51) Panicum auburne Ashe, N. C. Agr. 
Pxptt stay Bult 275i los L900: 
Auburn, Ala., Earle and Baker 1527. 

(34) Panicum barbulatum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 49. 1803. “Carolina” [but 
type from Canada]. 

Panicum dichotomum var. 
Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 786. 


barbulatum 
1861. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Presumably based on P. barbulatum 
Michx. 

Panicum pubescens var. barbulatum Brit- 
ton, Cat. Pl. N. J. 280. 1889. Pre- 
sumably based on P._ barbulatum 
Michx. 

Panicum nitidum var. barbulatum Chapm., 


Fl; South» Uy Sovedin3)) 5862. (1897. 
Based on P. barbulatum Michx. 
Panicum gravius Hitche. and Chase, 


Rhodora 8: 205. 1906. Between Centre- 
ville and Mount Cuba, Del., Chase 
3620. 

(126) Panicum bartowense Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 35: 3. 1901. Bartow, Fla., Combs 
1220. 


Panicum dichotomiflorum var. bartowense - 


Fernald, Rhodora 38: 387. 1936. 
Based on P. bartowense Scribn. and 
Merr. 

(60) Panicum benneri Fernald, Rhodora 
46: 2. pl. 807. 1944. New Jersey, 
along the Delaware River, Hunterdon 
County, Benner 9635. 

(15) Panicum bennettense M. VY. Brown, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 69: 539. f. 1. 
1942. North Carolina, at Bennett 
Memorial, Durham County, M. V. 
Brown 2492. 

Panicum bergii Arech., An. Mus. Nac. 
Montevideo 1: 147. 1894. Uruguay. 

(24) Panicum bicknellii Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 198. 1897. Bronx Park, 
N. Y., Bicknell in 1895. 

Panicum nemopanthum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 42. 1898. 
Raleigh, N. C., Ashe in 1895. 

Panicum bushii Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 26: 568. 1899. McDonald County, 
Mo., Bush 418. 

Panicum bicknellii var. bushiit Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 1: 85. 1921. 
Based on P. bushii Nash. 

(32) Panicum boreale Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul: 22:421. 189543C@airo. “Nae 
Nash in 1898. 

Panicum boreale var. michiganense Far- 
well, Rhodora 42: 306. 1940. Detroit, 
Mich., Farwell 1425. 

(115) Panicum boscii Poir. in Lam., En- 


eycl. Sup. 4: 278. 1816. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Panicum waltheri Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 4: 282. 1816. Not P. walterz 


Pursh, 1814. Based on P. latifolium as 
described by Michaux. 

Panicum latifolium var. australe Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 34. 
1889. Alabama [type, Thomasville, 
Mohr] to Texas. 

Panicum porterianum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 420. 1895. Based on P. 
waltheri Poir. 

PANICUM BOSCII var. MOLLE (Vasey) Hitche. 
and Chase in Robinson, Rhodora 10: 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


64. 1908. Based on P. latifolium var. 
molle Vasey. 

Panicum latifolium var. molle Vasey ex 
Ward, Fl. Washington 135. 1881. 
District of Columbia, [Ward]. 

Panicum walteri var. molle Porter, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 20: 194. 1893. Pre- 
sumably based on P. latifolium var. 
molle Vasey. 

Panicum pubifolium Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 577. 1899. Based on 
P. latifolium var. molle Vasey. 

(166) Panicum brachyanthum Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 67. 1854. [Rusk County] 
Tex., Vinzent 124. 

Panicum sparsiflorum Vasey, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 36. 1889. 
Not P.. sparsiflorum Doell, 1877. 
South Carolina to Texas [type, San 
Bernardino, Ridell 20). 

This species was described as Panicum 
angustifolium Ell. by Chapman (Fl. South. 
U.S. 574. 1860). 

(86) Panicum breve Hitche. and Chase, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 271. f. 
301. 1910. Jensen, Fla., Hitchcock 734. 

(148) Panicum bulbosum H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 99. 1815. Guanajuato, 
Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Panicum avenaceum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1:99. 1815. Ecuador, Humboldt 
and Bonpland. 

Panicum gongylodes Jacq., Eclog. Gram. 
30. pl. 21. 1815-1820. Cultivated at 
Vienna. 

Panicum nodosum Willd. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 260. 1841, as synonym 
of P. bulbosum. 

Panicum maximum var. gongylodes Doell 
im Wart. Fly Bras; 22: °203; 1877. 
Based on P. gongylodes Jacq. 

Panicum maximum var. bulbosum Vasey 
in Rothr., in Wheeler, U.S. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 295. 1878. Pre- 
sumably based on P. bulbosum H. B. K. 

Panicum polygamum var. gongylodes 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2:28. 1886. Based on 
P. gongylodes Jacq. 

Panicum bulbosum  subvar. violaceum 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 27. 1886. Chi- 
nantla, Mexico, Liebmann 451. 

Panicum bulbosum var. avenaceum Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 132. 1896. Based 
on P. avenaceum H. B. K. 

PANICUM BULBOSUM var. MINUS Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 38. 
1889. Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona 
[type New Mexico, Rusby in 1880]. 

Panicum sciaphilum Rupr. in Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2:19. 1886. Yavesia, Mexico, 
Galeotti 5759. 

Panicum bulbosum sciaphilum Hitche. 
and Chase, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 
15: 83. f. 73. 1910. Based on P. 
sciaphilum Rupr. 

(37) Panicum caerulescens Hack. ex 


913 


Hitche., U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 
219. 1909. Miami, Fla., Hitchcock 706. 
(25) Panicum calliphyllum Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 31. 1898. 
Watkins, N. Y., Ashe in 1898. 

(133) Panicum capillare L., Sp. Pl. 58. 
1758. Virginia, [Clayton 454]. 

Milium capillare Moench, Meth. Pl. 203. 
1794. Based on P. capillare L. 

Panicum bobarti Lam., Encycl. 4: 748. 
1798. [Virginia, Bobart.] 

Panicum capillare var. agreste Gattinger, 
Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887. Tennessee [Ridge- 
top, Gattinger]. 

Panicum capillare var. vulgare Scribn., 
Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7:44. 1894. 
Presumably Knoxville, Tenn. 

Chasea capillaris Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum 
capillare L. 

Leptoloma capillaris Smyth, Kans. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 25: 86. 1913. Based on 
Panicum capillare L. 

PANICUM CAPILLARE var. OCCIDENTALE 
Rydb., U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
186. 1895. Whitman, Nebr., Rydberg 
1788. 

Panicum capillare brevifolium Vasey ex 
Rydb. and Shear, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 5: 21. 1897. Manhattan, 
Mont., Shear 436. 

Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash in Rydb., 
N. Y. Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 21. 1900. 
Based on P. capillare var. brevifolium 
Vasey. 

Leptoloma barbipulvinata Smyth, Kans. 
Acad. Sci. Trans. 25: 86. 1913. Based 
on Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash. 

Milium barbipulvinatum Lunell, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 4: 212. 1915. Based on 
Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash. 

Panicum barbipulvinatum var. hirsutipes 
Suksdorf, Werdenda 1: 17. 1927. 
Spokane, Wash., Suksdorf 9068. 

Panicum elegantulum Suksdorf, Werdenda 
1: 16. 1927. Not P. elegantulum Mez, 
1917. Spokane, Wash., Suksdorf 9069. 
(No. 11792, also cited, is P. capillare.) 

(1389) Panicum capillarioides Vasey in 
Coulter, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 
54. 1890. Point Isabel, Tex., Nealley 


[634]. 

(84) Panicum chamaelonche Trin., Gram. 
Pan. 242. 1826. North America, 
Enslin. 


Panicum nitidum var. minus Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 30. 1892. 
Florida, [type, St. Augustine, Canby]. 

Panicum baldwinii Nutt. ex Kearney, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 1: 
21. 1895, name only; Chapm. FI. 
South. U.S. ed. 3. 586. 1897. Florida, 
Baldwin. 

Panicum dichotomum var. nitidum Chapm. 
ex. Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 11: 48. 1898, as synonym 
of P. baldwinii. 


914 


(1) Panicum chapmani Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 11: 61. 1884. Southern 
Florida, Chapman. 

Setaria chapmani Pilger in Engl. and 
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 14e: 72. 
1940. Based on Panicum chapmani 
Vasey. 

This is the species described as Panicum 
tenuiculmum Meyer by Chapman (FI. South. 
WS 5727. 1860): 

(16) Panicum chrysopsidifolium Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 100, 1327. 
1908. Leon County, Fla., Curtiss 
(No. D). 

(11) Panicum ciliatum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 126. 1816. Presumably South 
Carolina. 

Panicum leucoblepharis Trin., Clav. 
Agrost. 234. 1822. North America 
[type, Enslin]. 

Panicum ciliatifolium Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 36. 1829. Based on P. ciliatum El. 

Panicum ciliatifolium Desv., Opuse. 88. 
1831. North America. 

(113) Panicum clandestinum L., Sp. Pl. 58. 
1753. Pennsylvania, Kalm. 

Milium clandestinum Moench, Meth. Pl. 
204. 1794. Based on Panicum clan- 
destinum L. 

Panicum latifolium var. clandestinum 
Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 68. 1814. 
Based on P. clandestinum L. 

Panicum pedunculatum Torr., Fl. North. 
and Mid. U. 8. 141. 1823. “Island 
of New York.” 

Panicum clandestinum var. pedunculatum 
Torr., Fl. N. Y. 2: 426. 1843. Based on 
P. pedunculatum Torr. 

Panicum decoloratum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 570. 1899. Tullytown, 
Pa., Bicknell in 1899. 

Chasea clandestina Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum 
clandestinum L. 

(31) Panicum clutei Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 569. 1899. Between 
Tuckerton and Atsion, N. J., Clute. 

Panicum mattamuskeetense var. clutei 
Fernald, Rhodora 39: 386. 1937. Based 
on P. clutet Nash. 

(71) Panicum columbianum Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 7: 78. 
f. 60. 1897. District of Columbia, 
Scribner in 1894. 

Panicum heterophyllum Bose ex Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 227. 1829. Not P. hetero- 
phyllum Spreng., 1822. North America, 
Bosc. 

Panicum psammophilum Nash, Torrey 


Bot. Club Bul. 26: 576. 1899. Not P. 
psammophilum Welw., 1899. Toms 
River, N. J., Clute 175. 

PANICUM COLUMBIANUM var. THINIUM 


Hitche. and Chase in Robinson, Rho- 

dora 10: 64. 1908. Based on P. un- 

ciphyllum thintum Hitche. and Chase. 
Panicum unciphyllum thinium Hitche. and 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Chase, Rhodora 8: 209. 1906. Toms 
River, N. J., Chase 3577. 
Panicum heterophyllum var. thiniwm 


Hubb., Rhodora 14: 172. 1912. Based 
on P. unciphyllum thinium Hitche. and 
Chase. 

(161) Panicum combsii Scribn. and Ball, 
U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
24: 42. f. 16. 1901. Chipley, Fla., 
Combs 583. 

Panicum longifolium var. combsii Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 36: 69. 1934. Based on 
P. combsii Scribn. and Ball. 

(67) Panicum commonsianum Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 55. 1898. 
Cape May, N. J., Commons 341. 

(109) Panicum commutatum Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 242. 1824. Based on P. 
nervosum Muhl. 

Panicum nitidum var. majus Pursh, Fl. 
Amer. Sept. 1: 67. 1814. North 
America. 

Panicum nervosum Muhl. ex EIL, Bot. 
S.. C, and.Gas 12 .122., 1816..Note 
nervosum Lam., 1797. Carolina and 
Georgia. 

Panicum enslini Trin., Gram. Pan. 230. 
1826. North America, Enslin. — 

Panicum polyneuron Steud., Syn. PL. 
Glum. 1: 91. 1854. Based on P. 
nervosum Muhl. 

Panicum commutatum var. minus Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div.. Bot. Bul. 8: 


34. 1889. Southern States  [type, 
Aiken, S. C., Ravenel]. 
Panicum commutatum var. latifoliwm 


Seribn. in Kearney, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 20: 476. 1893. Pine Mountain, 
Ky., Kearney 299. 

Panicum commelinaefolium Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 29. 1898. 
Not P. commelinaefolium Rudge, 1805. 
Stone Mountain, Ga., Small in 1895. 

Panicum currani Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 113. 1899. Based 
on P. commelinaefolium Ashe. 

Panicum subsimpler Ashe, N. C. Agr. 


Expt. Sta. Bul. 175: 115. 1900. Wil- 
mington, Del., Commons. 
(80) Panicum concinnius Hitche. and 


Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
263. f. 289. 1910. Based on P. gract- 
licaule Nash. 

Panicum gracilicaule Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 98. 1903. Not P. 
gracilicaule Rendle, 1899. Sand Moun- 
tain, Ala., Harbison 2415. 

(158) Panicum condensum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U.S. 93. 1903. [Jackson- 
ville], Fla., Curtiss 5576. 

Agrostis purpurascens Bert. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 42. 1840. Not 
A. purpurascens Swartz, 1788. Name 
only. Dominican Republic, Bertero, 
Balbis. 

Panicum. contractum Trin. 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 254. 


ex Steud., 
1841. Name 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


only. Guadeloupe and Dominican Re- 
public, Balbis. 

Panicum agrostoides var. condensum Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 36: 74. 1934. Based 
on P. condensum Nash. 

(17) Panicum consanguineum Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 36. 1829. Based on P. 
villosum Ell. 

Panicum villosum Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 124. 1816. Not P. villosum 
Lam., 1791. Presumably South Caro- 
lina. 

Panicum commutatum var. consanguineum 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 141. 1896. 
Based on P. consanguineum Kunth. 

Panicum georgianum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 36. 1898. 
Darien Junction, Ga., Small in 1895. 

Panicum cahoonianum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 113. 1899. 
Based on P. georgianum Ashe. 

(107) Panicum cryptanthum Ashe, N. C. 
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 175: 115. 1900. 
Wilsons Mills, N. C., Ashe in 1897. 

(83) Panicum curtifolium Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 569. 1899. Ocean 
Springs, Miss., T'racy 4598. 

Panicum earlei Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 26: 571. 1899. Auburn, Ala., 
Earle and Baker 1532. 

Panicum austro-montanum Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 85. 1990. 
Northern Alabama and adjacent parts 
of Tennessee, Ashe. 

(66) Panicum deamii Hitchce. and Chase in 
Deam, Ind. Dept. Conserv. Pub. 82: 
284. pl. 75. f. 18. 1929. Pine, Lake 
County, Ind., Deam 43287. 

(5) Panicum depauperatum Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 112. 1817. Pennsylvania, Caro- 
lina [type]. Name only, Muhl., Cat. 
PINGS 1si3. 

Panicum strictum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 
1: 69. 1814. Not P. strictum R. Br., 
1810. Pennsylvania. 

Panicum rectum Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 457. 1817. Based on 
P. strictum Pursh. 

Panicum involutum Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U.S. 144. 1823. Deerfield, Mass., 
Cooley. 

Panicum muhlenbergit Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 314. 1825. North America. [Type, 
New Jersey, Torrey.] 

Panicum junceum Trin., Gram. Pan. 220. 
1826. North America. 

Panicum sprengelit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
39. 1829. Based on P. muhlenbergit 
Spreng. 

Panicum depauperatum var. involutum 
Wood, Class-book ed. 1861. 786. 1861. 
Based on P. involutum Torr. 

?Panicum depauperatum var. laxum Vas- 
ey, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 
29. 1889. “Virginia, Florida, Texas, 
Arkansas, Missouri.’’ 

Panicum depauperatum var. psilophyllum 


915 

Fernald, Rhodora 23: 198. 1921. 
Canton, Maine, Parlin 1957. 

Panicum strictum var. psilophyllum Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 26: 5. 
1941. Based on P. depauperatum var. 
psitlophyllum Fernald. 

(125) Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx., FI. 
Bor. Amer. 1: 48. 1803. Western 
Allegheny Mountains, Michauz. 

Panicum miliaceum Walt., Fl. Carol. 72. 
1788. Not P. miliaceum L., 1753. South 
Carolina. 

Panicum geniculatum Muhl., Cat. Pl. 9. 
1813. Not Lam. 1798. Based on P. 
dichotomiflorum Michx. Name only, 
Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. 4: 235. 
1799. 

Panicum multiflorum Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 4: 282. 1816. Carolina, Bosc. 

Panicum brachiatum Bosc ex Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 321. 1825. Not P. brachiatum 
Poir. Bermuda cited [but type probably 
from South Carolina, Bosc]. 

Panicum elliottii Trin. ex Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 170. 1829, as synonym of P. 
proliferum Lam. [misapplied to P. 
dichotomiflorum|. 

Panicum retrofractum Delile ex Desv., 
Opuse. 96. 1831. North America. 
[Type from Carolina. ] 

Panicum proliferum var. pilosum Griseb., 
Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866. Handbana, 
Cuba, Wright [186]. 

Panicum proliferum var. geniculatum 
Wood, Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 392. 
1871. Eastern States. 

Panicum amplectans Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 
3: 20. 1878. South Florida [Blodgett]. 

Leptoloma dichotomiflora Smyth, Kans. 
Acad. Sci. Trans. 25: 86. 19138. Based 
on Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. 

Panicum dichotomiflorum var. genicu- 
latum Fernald, Rhodora 38: 387. pl. 
441. f. 2. 19386. Based on P. proliferwm 
var. geniculatum Wood. 

Panicum dichotomiflorum var. imperiorum 
Fernald, Rhodora 44: 380. 1942. 
Greensville County, Va., Fernald and 
Long 13877. 

This species has been referred to P. 
proliferum Lam., an Old World species. 
PANICUM DICHOTOMIFLORUM Var. PURITANO- 

RUM Svenson, Rhodora 22: 154. f. 1-5. 
1920. Barnstable, Mass., Fernald in 
1919. 

(33) Panicum dichotomum L., Sp. Pl. 58. 
1753. Virginia, [Clayton 458]. 

Panicum angustifotium LeConte ex Torr. 
in Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 2: 342. 1818. 
Not P. angustifolium Ell., 1816. New 
York. 

Panicum tremulum Spreng., Neu. Entd. 2: 
103. 1821. New Jersey [Torrey]. 

Panicum dichotomum var. viride Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 30. 
1889. No locality cited. [Type, Wash- 
ington, D. C., Ward in 1881.] 


916 


Panicum dichotomum var. divaricatum 
Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 
8: 30. 1889. No locality cited. [Type, 
Lake, Miss., T’racy 127.] 

Panicum nitidum var. pauciflorum Brit- 
ton, N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 14. 
1889. Morris County, N. J., Britton. 

Panicum nitidum var. viride Britton, 
N. Y. Acad. Sci. Trans. 9: 14. 1889. 
Based on P. dichotomum var. viride 
Vasey. 

Panicum dichotomum var. commune Wats. 
and Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6: 
633. 1890. No locality cited. 

Panicum ramulosum var. viride Porter, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 20: 194. 1898. 
Presumably based on P. dichotomum 
var. viride Vasey. 

Chasea dichotoma Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum 
dichotomum L. 

(81) Panicum ensifolium Baldw. ex Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 126. 1816. Georgia, 
Baldwin. 

Panicum nitidum var. ensifolium Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul 8: 29. 
1889. Based on P. ensifolium Baldw. 

Panicum brittoni Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 24: 194. 1897. Forked River, 
N. J., Britton in 1896. 

Panicum cuthbertiit Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 15:48. 1898. St. Helena 
Island, 8. C., Cuthbert. 

Panicum glabrissimum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 62. 1898. 
Manteo, N. C., Ashe in 1898. 

Panicum shallotte Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 84. 1900. Based on 
P. glabrissimum Ashe. 

Panicum parvipaniculatum Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 87. 1900. 
Onslow County, N. C., Ashe in 1899. 

(112) Panicum equilaterale Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 42. 
pl. 2. 1898. Eustis, Fla., Nash 1674. 

Panicum epilifolium Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 571. 1899. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 45. 

(75) Panicum erectifolium Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 23: 148. 1896. Based on 
P. sphaerocarpon var. floridanum Vasey. 

Panicum sphaerocarpon var. floridanum 
Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 
8: 33. 1889. Not P. floridanum Trin., 
1834. Florida [type, Mosquito Inlet, 
Curtiss 3599]. 

Panicum floridanum Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. ed. 3. 585. - 1897. Not P. flori- 
danum Trin., 1834. Presumably based 
on P. sphaerocarpon var. floridanum 
Vasey. 

(120) Panicum fasciculatum Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788. Jamaica, 
Swartz. 

Panicum chartaginense Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg. Ind. Occ. 22. 1788. Cartagena, 
Colombia. 


MISC, PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Panicum fuscum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Occ. 23. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Panicum flavescens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Occ. 23. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Panicum fusco-rubens Lam., Tabl. En- 
eycl. 1: 171. 1791. West Indies. 

Panicum fastigiatum Poir. in Lam., En- 
eycl. Sup. 4: 277. 1816. Based on P. 
fasciculatum Swartz. 

Panicum spithamaeum Willd. ex Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 152. 1829. Name only, 
South America, Humboldt. 

Panicum illinoniense Desv., Opuse. 91. 
1831. North America. 

Panicum reticulatum Griseb., Abhandl. 
Gesell. Wiss. Géttingen 7: 264. 1857. 
Not P. reticulatum Torr. 1852. West 
Indies or Panama. 

Panicum fuscum var. fasciculatum Griseb., 
Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 547. 1864. Based on 
P. fasciculatum Swartz. 

Panicum fasciculatum var. flavescens Doell 
in Mart., Fl: Bras. .2?7: 205. J18v@ 
Based on P. flavescens Swartz. 

Panicum fasciculatum var. fuscum Doell 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 27: 205: 18% 
Based on P. fuscwm Swartz. 

Panicum fasciculatum var. chartaginense 
Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 27: 205. 1877. 
Based on P. chartaginense Swartz. 

PANICUM FASCICULATUM Var. RETICULATUM 
(Torr.) Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 117. 
1896. Based on P. reticulatum Torr. 

Panicum reticulatum Torr. in Marcy, 
Expl. Red Riv. 299. 1852. Red River, 

ex. 

Panicum fuscum reticulatum Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 32: 4. 1901. Based on P. reticu- 
latum Torr. 

(140) Panicum filipes Scribn. in Heller, 
Herb. Frankl. Marsh. Col. Contrib. 1: 
13. 1895. Corpus Christi, Tex., Heller 
1809. 

(4) Panicum firmulum Hitche. and Chase, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 27.129: 
1910. Elsordo, Tex., Griffiths 6446. 

Setaria firmula Pilger in Engl. and Prantl, 
Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 14e: 72. 1940. 
Based on Panicum firmulum Hitche. 
and Chase. 

(79) Panicum flavovirens Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 26: 572. 1899. Lake 
County, Fla., Nash 2061. 

(128) Panicum flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. 
in Kearney, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 20: 
476. 1893. Based on P. capillare var. 
flexile Gattinger. — 

Panicum capillare var. flexile Gattinger, 
Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887. [Nashville, Tenn., 
Gattinger.] 

Chasea flexilis Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat. 
2:65. 1911. Based on Panicum flexile 
Scribn. 

(20) Panicum fusiforme Hitche., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 222. 1909, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Based on P. neuranthum var. ramosum 
Griseb. 

Panicum neuranthum var. ramosum 
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 232. 1866. Not 
P. ramosum L., 1767. Western Cuba, 
Wright 3454. 

(129) Panicum gattingeri Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 92, 1327. 1908. 
Based on P. capillare var. campestre 
Gattinger. 

Panicum capillare var. campestre Gattin- 
ger, Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887. Not P. 
campestre Nees. [Nashville, Tenn., 
Gattinger.] 

Panicum capillare var. geniculatum Scribn. 
in Kearney, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 20: 
477. 1893. Wasioto, Ky., [ Kearney 
378]. 

Panicum capillare gattingert Nash in 
Britt. and Brown, Illustr. Fl. 1: 123. 
1896. Based on P. capillare var. cam- 
pestre Gattinger. 

(116) Panicum geminatum Forsk., FI. 
Aegypt. Arab. 18. 1775. Rosetta, 
Egypt. 

Paspalum appressum Lam., Tabl. En- 
cycl. 1: 176. 1791. South America. 
Digitaria appressa Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 85. 
1805. Based on Paspalum appressum 

Lam. 

Panicum beckmanniaeforme Mikan ex 
Trin. in Spreng., Neu. Entd. 2: 83. 

1821. Brazil. 

Panicum brizaeforme Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
302. 1830. Luzon. 

Panicum glomeratum Buckl., Prel. Rpt. 
Geol. Agr. Survey Tex. App. 3. 1866. 
Not P. glomeratum Moench, 1794. 
Western Texas. 

Panicum appressum Lam. ex Doell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 184. 1877. Not 
P. appressum Forsk., 1775. Based on 
Paspalum appressum Lam. 

Paspalidium geminatum Stapf in Prain, 
Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 583. 1920. Based on 
P. geminatum Forsk. 

This species has been referred to Panicum 
paspalodes Pers., an Old World species, 
probably a synonym of P. punctatum Burm. 
(143) Panicum ghiesbreghtii Fourn., Mex. 

Pl. 2: 29. 1886. Mexico, Ghiesbreght. 

Panicum hirtivaginum Hitche., U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 223. 1909. 

_ Cuba, Wright 758. 

(85) Panicum glabrifolium Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 24: 196. 1897. Tampa, 
Fla., Nash 2415a. 

(150) Panicum gouini Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
28. 1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Gouin 4. 

Panicum gouini var. pumilum Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 28. 1886. Mexico, Vera 
roe Virlet 1300; Antigua, Liebmann 


Panicum repens var. confertum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 25. 1886. 
“Louisiana’”’ [erroneous, type from Bay 
St. Louis, Miss., Langlois]. 


917 


Panicum halophilum Nash in Lloyd and 
Tracy, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 28: 86. 
1901. Based on P. repens var. confertum 
Vasey. 


| (170) Panicum gymnocarpon Ell., Bot. S. C. 


anda Garvelis mine 
Baldwin. 

Panicum monachnoides Desv., Opusc. 86. 
1831. “Brazil” [locality erroneous]. 

Panicum drummondit Nees in Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 63. 1854. New 
Orleans, La., Drummond [574]. 

Phanopyrum gymnocarpon Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 104. 1903. Based 
on Panicum gymnocarpon Ell. 

(141) Panicum hallii Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 11: 61. 1884. Austin, Tex., 
Hall 816 (in part). 

Panicum virletii Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 29. 
1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, Vzrlet 
1305, 1371. 

(152) Panicum havardii Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 14: 95. 1887. Described 
from type of P. virgatum var. macran- 
thum Vasey. 

Panicum virgatum var. macranthum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 26. 1886. 
Not P. macranthum Trin., 1826. Gua- 
dalupe Mountains, Tex., Havard. 

(94) Panicum helleri Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 572. 1899. Kerrville, 
Tex., Heller 1759. 

Panicum pernervosum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 576. 1899. Houston, 
Tex., Hall 830. 

Panicum oligosanthes var. hellert Fernald, 
Rhodora 36: 80. 1934. Based on P. 
hellert Nash. 

(169) Panicum hemitomen Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 227. 1824. Based on P. walteri 
Muhl. 

Panicum dimidiatum Walt., Fl. Carol. 72. 
1788. Not P. dimidiatum L., 1753. 
South Carolina. Referred by Elliott to 
P. walteri. 

Panicum walteri Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 
1: 115. 1816. Not P. waltert Pursh, 
1814. Charleston, S. C.; Savannah, Ga., 
[type]. 

Panicum walteri Muhl., Descr. Gram. 108. 
1817. Not P. waltert Pursh, 1814. No 
locality cited, probably Georgia. 

Panicum carolinianum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 310. 1825. Based on P. walter: Ell. 

Oplismenus waltert Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
45. 1829. Based on Panicum walteri 
Muhl. 

Panicum carinatum Torr. in Curtis, Bost. 
Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 187. 1835. Not P. 
carnatum Presi, 1830. [Wilmington] 
N.C. [M. A. Curtis]. 

Panicum digitarioides Carpenter ex Cur- 
tis, Amer. Jour. Sci. (II) 7: 410. 1849, 
not P. digitarioides Raspail, 1833, as 
synonym of P. carinatum Torr.; Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 75. 1854. North 
America [type, Louisiana, Carpenter]. 


1816. Savannah, Ga., 


918 


Panicum curtisiti Chapm., Fl. South. U.S. 
573. 1860. Not P. curtisiz Steud., 
1854. Based on P. walteri Ell. 

Oplismenus colonum var. waltert Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 40. 1886. Based on O. 
waltert Kunth. 

Brachiaria digitarioides Nash in Britton, 
Man. 77. 1901. Based on P. digitari- 
oides Carpenter. 

(164) Panicum hians Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 118. 1816. Charleston, S. C. 
Panicum oblongiflorum Desv., Opuse. 
89. 1831. Carolina, Bose. 

Panicum jejunum Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 103. 
1836. Louisiana. 

Aira incompleta Bose ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 45. 1840. Name only. 
(Carolina, Bosc.] 

Steinchisma hians Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 105. 1903. Based on 
Panicum hians Ell. This name, credited 
to Raf., is listed in Index Kewensis (2: 
982. 1895.) as synonym of Panicum 
debile [Poir.] which is Festuca obtusa. 

(134) Panicum hillmani Chase, Wash. Acad. 
Sci. Jour. 14: 345. f. 1. 1934. Amarillo, 
Tex., Hitchcock 16206. 

(144) Panicum hirsutum Swartz, Fl. Ind. 
Occ. 1: 173. 1797. Jamaica, Hispani- 
ola, Swartz. 

Panicum elatum Willd. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 256. 1841. Name only. 
South America, Humboldt. 

(135) Panicum hirticaule Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 308. 1830. Acapulco, Mexico, 
Haenke. 

Panicum flabellatum Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. II. 27: 298. 1880. Omo- 
tepe Island, Nicaragua, Lévy 1166. 

Panicum polygamum var. _ hirticaule 
Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2:28. 1886. Based on 
P. hirticaule Presl, but misapplied to 
P. maximum Jacq. 

Panicum capillare var. glabrum Vasey ex 
T.S. Brandeg., Proc. Calif. Acad. II. 2: 
211. 1889. Name only. Baja Cali- 
fornia, Brandegee in 1889. 

Panicum capillare var. hirticaule Gould, 
Madrono 10: 94. 1949. Based on P. 
hirticaule Presl. 

(48) Panicum huachucae Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 51. 1898. 
Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., Lemmon 
in 1882. 

Panicum nitidum var. pilosum Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. S. 146. 1824. Not 
P. pilosum Swartz. New York. 

Panicum languinosum var. huachucae 
Hitche., Rhodora 8: 208. 1906. Based 
on P. huachucae Ashe. 

Panicum lindheimeri var. fasciculatum 
subvar. pilosum Farwell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 11: 45. 1928. New York. 

Panicum lanuginosum var. fasciculatum 
subvar. pilosum Farwell, Mich. Acad. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Sci. Papers 26: 5. 1941. Based on P. 
nitidum var. pilosum Torr. 

PANICUM HUACHUCAE var. FASCICULATUM 
(Torr.) Hubb., Rhodora 14:171. 1912. 
Based on P. dichotomum var. fascicula- 
tum Torr. 

Panicum dichotomum var. fasciculatum 
Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. U. S. 145. 
1824. New Jersey. 

Panicum nitidum var. ciliatum Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. S. 146. 1824. 
New Jersey. 

Panicum huachucae var. silvicola Hitche. 
and Chase in Robinson, Rhodora 10: 64. 
1908. District of Columbia, Chase 2400. 

Panicum lindheimeri var. fasciculatum 
Fernald, Rhodora 23: 228. 1921. 
Based on P. dichotomum var. fascicu- 
latum Torr. 

Panicum lanuginosum var. fasciculatum 
Fernald, Rhodora 36:77. 1934. Based 
on P. dichotomum var. fasciculatum 
Torr. 

Panicum glutinoscabrum Fernald, Rho- 
dora 49: 122. pl. 1059. 1947. Nanse- 
mond County, Va., Fernald, Long, and 
Clement 15186. 

(47) Panicum implicatum Scribn. in Britt. 
and Brown, Illustr. Fl. 3: 498. f. 267a. 
1898. Cape Elizabeth, Maine, Scribner 
in 1895. 

Panicum unciphyllum implicatum Scribn. 
and Merr., Rhodora 3: 1238. 1901. 
Based on P. implicatum Scribn. 

Panicum lindheitmeri var. implicatum 
Fernald, Rhodora 238: 228. 1921. 
Based on P. implicatum Scribn. 

Panicum lanuginosum var. implicatum 
Fernald, Rhodora 36:77. 1934. Based 
on P. implicatum Scribn. 

(111) Panicum jeorii Vasey, U. S. Dept. 
Agr:; Div. Bot. Buls+3: 43t. “1889: 
Louisiana, Joor. 

Panicum leiophyllum Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
20. 1886. Not P. leiophyllum Nees, 
1829. Cérdoba, Mexico, Bourgeau. 

Panicum manatense Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 42. 1897. Manatee 
County, Fla., Nash 2428a. 

Panicum commutatum var. joorti Fernald, 
Rhodora 39: 388. 1987. Based on P. 
jooru Vasey. 

(127) Panicum lacustre Hitche. and Ekman, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Pub. 243: 253. 
f. 205. 1936. Pinar del Rio, Cuba, 
Ekman 17878. 

(88) Panicum lancearium Trin., Gram. Pan. 
223. 1826. North America, Enslin. 
Panicum nashianum Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. “Div..Agrost;. Bulk 7793-161: 

1897. Eustis, Fla., Nash 466. 

(58) Panicum languidum MHitche. and 
Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
232. f. 245. 1910. Based on P. unc- 
phyllum forma prostratum Scribn. and 
Merr. 

Panicum unciphyllum forma prostratum 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Scribn. and Merr., Rhodora 3: 124. 
1901. Not P. prostratum Lam., 1791. 
South Berwick, Maine, Fernald in 1897. 
(50) Panicum lanuginosum Ell., Bot. S. C. 
and Ga. 1: 123. 1816. Georgia, 
Baldwin. 
Panicum dichotomum var. lanuginosum 
Wood, Class-book ed. 3. 786. 1861. 
Presumably based on P. lanuginosum 


Panicum orangense Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 113. 1899. Orange 
County, N. C., Ashe in 1898. 

Panicum ciliosum Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 26: 568. 1899. Biloxi, Miss., 
Tracy 4580. 

(114) Panicum latifolium L., Sp. Pl. 58. 
1753. America. 

Milium latifoliwm Moench, Meth. Pl. 204. 
1794. Based on P. latifolium L. 

Panicum macrocarpon LeConte ex 
Torr. in Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 2: 341. 
1818. New York. 

Panicum schnecki Ashe, N. C. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 175: 116. 1900. Southern 
Indiana and Illinois [Schneck]. 

(9) Panicum laxiflorum Lam., Encycl. 4: 
748. 1798. North America. 

Panicum dichotomum var. laxiflorum Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 139. 1896. Based 
on Panicum laxiflorum Lam. 

Panicum pyriforme Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26:579. 1899. Orange Bend, 
Fla., Nash 239. 

Panicum aureum Muhl. ex Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 27: 4. 1900, as synonym of P. 
laxiflorum Lam. 

(98) Panicum leibergii (Vasey) Scribn. in 
Britt. and Brown, Illustr. Fl. 3: 497. 
1898. Based on P. scoparium var. 
lecbergui Vasey. 

Panicum scoparium var. leibergit Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 32. 
1889. Plymouth County, Lowa, Lezberg. 

Panicum  scribnerianum var. leibergi 
Scribn,, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 6:32. 1897. Presumably based on 
P. scoparium var. leibergii Vasey. 

Milium leibergit Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 
4; 213. 1915. Based on Panicum 
scoparium var. leibergit Vasey. 

(142) Panicum lepidulum Hitche. and 
Chase, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
75. f. 64. 1910. Chihuahua, Mexico, 
Pringle 497. 

(42) Panicum leucothrix Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 41. 1897. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 1338. 

Panicum parvispiculum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 347. 1897. Darien Junc- 
tion, Ga., Small in 1895. 

(41) Panicum lindheimeri Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 24: 196. 1897. [New 
Braunfels] Tex., Lindhewmer 565. 
anicum funstont Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir, 35: 


919 


4. 1901. Three Rivers, Calif., Coville 
and Funston 1286. 

Panicum lindheimert var. typicum Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 23: 227. 1921. Based 
on P, lindheimeri Nash. : 

Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 77. 1934. Based 
on P. lindheimeri Nash. 

(7) Panicum linearifolium Scribn. in Britt. 
and Brown, Illustr. Fl. 3: 500. f. 268a. 
1898. New York and New Jersey to 
Missouri. [Type, Washington, D. C., 
Vasey in 1882.] 

Panicum strictum var. linearifolium Far- 
well, Amer. Mid]. Nat. 11: 44. 1928. 
Based on P. linearifoliwm Scribn. 

(131) Panicum lithophilum Swallen, Biol. 
Soe. Wash. Proc. 54: 48. 1941. Stone 
Mountain, Ga., Hitchcock (Amer. Gr. 
Natl. Herb. No. 24) as “Panicum phila- 
delphicum.” 

(160) Panicum longifelium Torr., Fi. North. 
and Mid. U.S. 149. 1824. New Jersey, 
Goldy. 

Panicum anceps var. pubescens Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 37. 
1889. Mobile, Ala., Mohr. 

Panicum pseudanceps Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 85. 1898. Florida, 
Simpson in 1889. 

Panicum longifolium var. pubescens Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 36: 69. 1934. Based on 
P. anceps var. pubescens Vasey. 

(43) Panicum longiligulatum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 26: 574. 1899. Apala- 
chicola, Fla., Vasey in 1892. 

(38) Panicum lucidum Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 47. 1898. Lake 
Mattamuskeet, N. C., Ashe in 1898. 

Panicum taxodiorum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 91. 1900. 
Lake Charles, La., Mackenzie 460. 

PANICUM LUCIDUM var. oPpacum Fernald, 
Rhodora 39: 386. 1937. Prince George 
County, Va., Fernald and Long 6484. 

(65) Panicum malacon Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 197. 1897. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 628. 

Panicum strictifolium Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 579. 1899. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 608. 

(93) Panicum malacophyllum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 24: 198. 1897. Sapulpa, 
Indian Territory [Okla.], Bush 1228. 

Panicum scoparium var. minus Scribn., 


Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7:48. 1894. 
Tennessee, Gattinger. 
(30) Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe, 


Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 45. 
1898. Lake Mattamuskeet, N. C., Ashe 
and Pearson in 1898. 

?Panicum barbatum LeConte ex Torr., in 
Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 2. 342. 1818. 
Not P. barbatum Lam., 1791. New 
York. 

?Panicum nitidum var. barbatum Torr., 


920 


Fl. North. and Mid. U. S. 146. 
No locality cited. 

Panicum flecuosum Muhl. ex Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 27: 3. 1900. Not P. fleruosum 
Retz., 1791. Name only for specimen 
in Muhlenberg Herb. (See ‘‘(174)”’ 
Hitchcock, Bartonia 14: 39. 1932.) 

(146) Panicum maximum Jacq., Col. Bot. 1: 
76. 1786. Guadeloupe. 

Panicum polygamum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Oce. 24. 1788. Not P. polygamum 
Forsk., 1775. [Jamaica, Swartz.] 

Panicum laeve Lam., Tabl. Encyl. 1: 172. 
1791. Dominican Republic. 

Panicum jumentorum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
83. 1805. Based on P. polygamum 
Swartz. 

Panicum scaberrimum Lag., Gen. et Sp. 
Noy. 2. 1816. Mexico, Sessé. 

Panicum trichocondylum Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 74. 1854. Guadeloupe, 
Duchatssing. 

Panicum praticola Salzm. ex Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 203. 1877, .as 
synonym of P. maximum. Bahia, Bra- 
zil, Salzmann 683. 

(45) Panicum meridionale Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 59. 1898. 
cae Hill and Burke County, N. C., 

she 

Panicum filiculme Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sei. Soe. Jour. 15: 59. 1898. Not P. 
filiculme Hack., 1895. Chapel Hill, N. 
C., Ashe in 1898: Stone Mountain, 
Ga., Small in 1895. 

?Panicum microphyllum Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 61. 1898. 
Chapel Hill, N. C., Ashe in 1898. 

Panicum unciphyllum meridionale Scribn. 
and Merr., Rhodora 3: 1238. 1901. 
Based on P. meridionale Ashe. 

Panicum lindheimeri var. implicatum 
subvar. meridionale Farwell, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 11: 45. 1928. Based on P. 
mertdionale Ashe. 


1824. 


Panicum lanuginosum var. implicatum 
subvar. meridionale Farwell, Mich. 
Acad. Sci. Papers 26: 5. 1941. Based 


on P. meridionale Ashe. 

(27) Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex EIL, 
Bot. 8. G:, and.:-Ga. 12-127, ;<1816: 
(Georgia, Baldwin.] 

Panicum heterophyllum Muhl., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. 3: 160. 1793. ‘Name only. 

Panicum nitidum var. ramulosum Torr., 
Fl. North. and Mid. U. S. 146. 1824. 
Quaker Bridge, N. J. 

(138) Panicum miliaceum bs sSpaeBli 58. 
1753. India. 

Milium panicum Mill., Gard. Dict. 
Milium No. 1. 1768. Based on Panicum 
miliaceum L. 

Milium esculentum Moench, Meth. PI. 
ats 1794. Based on Panicum miliaceum 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Panicum milium Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 88. 
1805. Based on P. miliaceum L. 

Leptoloma miliacea Smyth, Kans. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 25: 86. 1913. Based on 
Panicum miliaceum L. 

(105) Panicum mundum Fernald, Rhodora 
38: 392. pl. 443. f. 1-5. 1936. Home- 
ville, Va., Fernald and Long 6499. 

(110) Panicum mutabile Scribn. and Smith 
ex Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 
103. 1908. Biloxi, Miss., Tracy 3074. 

(23) Panicum neuranthum Griseb., Cat. Pl. 
cee 232. 1866. Eastern Cuba, Wright 

453. 

(28) Panicum nitidum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 
1: 172. 1791. Carolina, Fraser. 

Panicum nodiflorum Lam., Encycl. 4: 744. 
1798. Carolina, Fraser; South Carolina, 
Michaux. 

Panicum dichotomum var. nitidum Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 786. 1861. Pre- 
sumably based on P. nitidum Lam. 

Panicum dichotomum var. nodiflorum 
Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub. 234. 1866. Based 
on P. nodiflorum Lam. 

Panicum subbarbulatum Serib. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 29: 
9. 1901. Based on P. barbulatum 
Michx. as described by Elliott, not 
Michaux’s species. Presumably South 
Carolina. 

(101) Panicum nodatum Hitche. and Chase, 
U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 293. 
1910. Sarita, Tex., Hitchcock 3865. 

(26) Panicum nudicaule Vasey, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr, Div... Bot: Bul¥ 83 Slo) 18389- 
Santa Rosa County, Fla., Curtiss 
[3583*]. 

(168) Panicum obtusum H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1:98. 1815. Near Guana- 
juato, Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Panicum polygonoides C. Muell., Bot. Ztg. 
19: 323. 1861. Not P. polygonoides 
Lam., 1798. Texas, Drummond 371. 

Panicum repente Buckl., Prel. Rpt. Geol. 
Agr. Survey Tex. App. 3. 1866. Texas 
[Buckley]. 

Brachiaria obtusa Nash in Britton, Man. 
77. 1901. Based on Panicum obtusum 
BB. Ke 

(55) Panicum occidentale Scribn., Mo. Bot. 
Gard. Rpt. 10: 48. 1899. Nootka 
Sound, Vancouver Island, Haenke. 

Panicum dichotomumvar. pubescens Munro 
ex Benth., Pl. Hartw. 341. 1857. 
Name only. Sacramento, Calif., Hart- 
weg 2024 (344). 

Panicum brodiei St. John, Fl. Southeast. 


Wash. and Adj. Idaho 51. 1937. 
Wawawai, Wash., Brodie in 1898. 
(96) Panicum oligosanthes Schult., Man- 


tissa 2: 256. 
florum El. 
Panicum pauciflorum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 120. 1816. Not P. pauciflorum 
R. Br., 1810. Georgia. 
Panicum scopartum var. 


1824. Based on P. pauci- 


angustifolium 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr., 
8: 32. 1889. South Carolina, Ravenel. 
Panicum scoparium var. pauciflorum 
Scribn., Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7: 
ae 1894. Based on P. pauciflorum 
(72) Panicum oricela Hitche. and Chase, 
Rhodora 8: 208. 1906. Lewes, Del., 
Hitchcock 47. 
Panicum columbianum var. oricola Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 36: 79. 1934. Based on 
P. oricola Hitche. and Chase. 


Div. Bot. Bul. 


(62) Panicum ovale Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Ga. 1: 123. 1816. St. Marys, Ga., 
Baldwin. 


Panicum ciliiferum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 195. 1897. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 147. 

Panicum erythrocarpon Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16:90. 1900. New 
Hanover County, N. C., Ashe in 1899. 

(22) Panicum ovinum Scribn. and Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 16: 
3. 1899. Waller County, Tex., Thurow. 

Panicum redivivum Trin. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 262. 1841. Name only. 
[Jalapa], Mexico, Schiede. 

(56) Panicum pacificum Hitche. and Chase, 
U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 229. 
f. 241. 1910. Castle Crags, Calif., 
Hitchcock 3070. 

(117) Panicum paludivagum Hitche. and 
Chase, U. 8. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
32.f.13. 1910. Eustis, Fla., Nash 746. 

Paspalidium paludivagum Parodi, Gram. 


Bonar. ed. 3. 89. 1939. Based on 
Panicum paludivagum Hitche. and 
Chase. 

(136) Panicum pampinesum Hitche. and 


Chase, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 


66. f. 48. 1910. Wilmot, Ariz., Thorn- 
ber 193. 

Panicum capillare var. pampinosum 
Gould, Madrofio 10: 94. 1949. Based 


on P. pampinosum Hitche. and Chase. 

(91) Panicum patentifolium Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 26: 574. 1899. Eustis, 
Fla., Nash 72. 

(89) Panicum patulum (Scribn. and Merr.) 
Hitche., Rhodora 8: 209. 1906. Based 
on P. nashianum var. patulum Scribn. 
and Merr. 

Panicum nashianum var. patulum Scribn. 
and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 27: 9. 1900. “Braiden- 
town” (Bradenton), Fla., Combs 1296. 

Panicum lancearium var. ‘patulum Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 36: 80. 1934. Based on 
P. nashianum var. patulum Seribn. and 
Merr. 

(100) Panicum pedicellatum Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8:28. 1889. 
[Kimble County] Tex., Reverchon. 

(6) Panicum perlongum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 575. 1899. Creek Na- 
tion, Okla., Carleton 98. 

Panicum pammeli Ashe, N. C. Agr. Expt. 


921 


Sta. Bul. 175: 116. 1900. Iowa [Cratty 
in 1881]. 

Panicum strictum var. perlongum Farwell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 11:44. 1928. Based 
on P. perlongum Nash. 

(130) Panicum philadelphicum Bernh. ex 
Trin., Gram. Pan. 216. 1826; Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 198. 1829. [Philadelphia, 
Pa., Bernhardi.| 

Panicum capillare var. sylvaticum Torr., 
Fl. North. and Mid. U. 8. 149. 1824. 
Not P. sylvaticum Lam., 1798. New 
York City. 

Panicum torreyt Fourn. in Hemsl., Biol. 
Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 497. 1885. Based 
on P. capillare var. sylvaticum Torr. 

Panicum capillare var. minimum Engelm. 
ex Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 94. 1887. 
[Green Brier, Tenn., Gattinger. | 

Panicum minus Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 421. 1895. Based on “ Pani- 
cum capillare var. minus Muhl.” 

Panicum capillare var. minus Muhl. ex 
Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 22: 421. 
1895, as synonym of P. minus Nash. 
Muhlenberg does not give this a varietal 
name, noting only ‘‘varietas minor 
occurrit ubique in cultis magis aridis.”’ 

Panicum minimum Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 4. 
1900. Based on P. capillare var. mint- 
mum Engelm. 

Panicum pileomayense Hack., Herb. Boiss. 
Bul. II. 7: 449. 1907. Pilcomayo, 
Paraguay, Rojas 105. 

(19) Panicum pinetorum Swallen, Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 55: 93. 1942. Bonita 
Springs, Fla., Szlveus 6604. 

(147) Panicum plenum Hitche. and Chase, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 80. f. 69. 
1910. Mangas Springs, N. Mex., Met- 
calfe 739. 

(74) Panicum polyanthes Schult., Mantissa 
< 257. 1824. Based on P. multiflorum 

lL. 
Panicum multiflorum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 


Ga. 1: 122. 1816. Not P. multiflorum 
Poir., 1816. Presumably South Caro- 
lina. 

Panicum microcarpon Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 111. 1817. Not P. microcarpon 
Muhl. ex Ell., 1816. Virginia, ‘‘Chero- 


kee” [type] and Delaware. 
Panicum’ firmandum Steud., Syn. PI. 


Glum. 1: 418. 1855. North Carolina, 
M. A. Curtis. 
Panicum microcarpon var. isophyllum 


Scribn., Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7: 
51. f. 54. 1894. [Alleghany Springs, 
Tenn., Gayle. | 
(12) Panicum polycaulon Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 200. 1897. Tampa, Fla., 
Nash 2420a. 
Panicum dichotomum 


var. glabrescens 


Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 553. 1864. 
Jamaica, Purdie. 
(87) Panicum portoricense Desv. ex 


922 


Hamilt., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Oce. 11. 
Puerto Rico. 

Panicum pauciciliatum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 87. 1900. 
Wilmington, N. C., Ashe in 1899. 

(53) Panicum praecocius Hitche. and Chase, 
Rhodora 8: 206. 1906. Wady Petra, 
Ill., V. H. Chase 649. 

(61) Panicum pseudopubescens Nash, Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 26: 577. 1899. 
Auburn, Ala., Earle and Baker 1537. 

Panicum villosissimum var. pseudopu- 
bescens Fernald, Rhodora 36:79. 1934. 
Based on P. pseudopubescens Nash. 

Panicum euchlamydeum Shinners, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 32: 170. 1944. Adams 
County, Wis., Shinners and Shaw 4415. 

(118) Panicum purpurascens Raddi, Agrost. 
Bras. 47. 1823. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 
Raddi. (P. purpurascens Opiz, 1822, is a 
name only.) 

Panicum barbinode ‘Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 256. 
1834. Bahia, Brazil. 

Panicum guadaloupense Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1:61. 1854. Guadaloupe. _ 

Panicum equinum Salzm. ex Steud., Syn. 


1825. 


Pl. Glum. 1: 67. 1854. Bahia, Brazil, 
Salzmann. 
Panicum pictigluma Steud., Syn. Pl. 


Glum. 1: 73. 1854. Brazil. 

Brachiaria purpurascens Henr., Blumea 3: 
434. 1940. Based on Panicum pur- 
purascens Raddi. 

This species has been referred to P. numi- 
dianum Lam. Together with that and P. 
barbinode Trin. it is included under Brachi- 
aria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf, in Prain, Fl. Trop. 
Air, 9: 526. 1919. 

(2) Panicum ramisetum Scribn., U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 9. 1900. 
Based on P. subspicatum Vasey. 

Panicum subspicatum Vasey, U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 25. 1889. Not 
P. subspicatum Desv., 1831. Texas, 
Nealley. 

Chaetochloa ramiseta Smyth, Kans. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 25: 89. 1918. Based on 
Panicum ramisetum Seribn. 

Setaria ramiseta Pilger in Engl. and 
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 14e: 72. 
1940. Presumably based on Panicum 
ramisetum Scribn. 

(122) Panicum ramosum L., Mant. Pl. 1: 
29. 1767. “In Indiis.” 

(97) Panicum ravenelii Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
36. 1901. Based on P. scoparium as 
described by Elliott. [South Carolina 
and Georgia. ] 

Panicum scoparium var. majus Vasey, 
U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 32. 
1889. South Carolina, Ravenel. 

Panicum scoparium var. genuinumScribn., 
Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7:48. 1894. 
Based on P. scoparium Lam., as 
described by Elliott. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(104) Panicum recognitum Fernald, Rho- 
dora 40: 331. pl. 497, 498. 1938. Cam- 
den County, N. J., Long 7671. 

(149) Panicum repens L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 87. 
1762. Southern Europe. 

Panicum littorale Mohr ex. Vasey, Bot. 
Gaz. 4: 106. 1879. Mobile, Ala., Mohr. 

(119) Panicum reptans L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 870. 1759. (Jamaica, Browne.] 

Panicum grossarium L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 

“2: 871. 1759. [Jamaica, Browne, ty- 
ponym of P. reptans L.] 

Panicum prostratum Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 
1: 171. 1791. West Indies [type from 
Dominican Republic]. 

Panicum caespitosum Swartz, Fl. Ind. 
Occ. 1: 146. 1797. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Panicum insularum Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 61. 1854. Lesser Antilles 
{ Hohenacker}. 

Brachiaria prostrata Griseb., Abhandl. 
Gesell. Wiss. G6ttingen 7: 263. 1857. 
Based on Panicum prostratum Lam. 

Panicum aurelianum Hale in Wood, Class- 
book ed. 1861. 787. 1861. New Orleans, 
La., Hale. 

Panicum prostratum var. pilosum Eggers, 
Fl. St. Croix and Virgin Isl. 104. 1879. 
St. Croix, 

Urochloa reptans Stapf in Prain, Fl. Trop. 
Afr. 9: 601. 1920. Based on Panicum 
reptans L. 

Brachiaria reptans Gard. and C. E. Hubb. 
in Hook. Icon. Pl. 3363: 3. 1938. 
Based on Panicum reptans L. 

(3) Panicum reverchoni Vasey, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 25. 1889. 
[Dallas] Tex., Reverchon. 

Chaetochloa reverchoni Smyth, Kans. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 25: 88. 1913. Based on 
Panicum reverchoni Vasey. 

Setaria reverchoni Pilger in Engl. and 
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. l4e: 72. 
1940. Based on Panicum reverchont 
Vasey. 

(163) Panicum rhizomatum Hitche. and 
Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
109. f. 104. 1910. Orangeburg, 8. C., 
Hitchcock 480. 

Panicum anceps var. rhizomatum Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 36: 73. 1934. Based on 
P. rhizomatum Hitche. and Chase. 

(36) Panicum roanokense Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 44. 1898. 
Roanoke Island, N. C., Ashe in 1898. 

Panicum curtivaginum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 85. 1900. 
Petit Bois Island, Miss., Tracy [4584]. 

(106) Panicum scabriusculum Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1:121. 1816. Savannah, 
Ga., Baldwin. 

Panicum lanuginosum Bose ex Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1:319. 1825. Not P. lanugi- 
nosum Ell., 1816. Georgia. 

Panicum eriophorum Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1): 591. 1827. Based on j2 
lanuginosum Bose. 


Panicum nealleyi Vasey, ‘Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13:25. 1886. Texas, Nealley. 
Panicum dichotomum var. elatum Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 
31. 1889. No locality cited. [Mobile, 


Ala., Mohr.] 

Panicum viscidum var. scabriusculum 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 143. 1896. 
Based on ‘“P. scabriusculum Chapm. 
non Ell.”’ Chapman uses Elliott’s 
name correctly. 

(63) Panicum scoparioides Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 53. 1898. 


Centreville, Del., Commons 283. 
Panicum villosissimum var. scopartoides 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 79. 1934. 
Based on P. scoparioides Ashe. 
(102) Panicum scoparium Lam., Encycl. 4: 
| 744. 1798. South Carolina, Michauz, 
| Panicum pubescens Lam., Encycl. 4: 748. 
1798. South Carolina, Michaux. 
| Panicum viscidum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 123. pl. 7. f. 3. 1816. Presum- 
| ably South Carolina. 
| Panicum nitidum var. velutinum Doell in 


Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 247. 1877. Based 
on P. viscidum Ell. 
Panicum laxiflorwum var. pubescens 


Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. ed. 3. 586. 
1897. Not P. laxiflorum var. pubescens 
Vasey, 1892. Based on P. pubescens 
Lam., but misapplied to P. stirigosum 
Muhl. 

Chasea pubescens Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum 
pubescens Lam. 

(95) Panicum scribnerianum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 22: 421. 1895. Based 
on P. scoparium as described by Watson 
in Gray’s Manual. [Type, Pennsyl- 
vania, Carey in 1836.] 

Panicum macrocarpon Torr., Fl. North. 
and Mid. U. S. 143. 1823. Not P. 
macrocarpon LeConte, 1818. Deerfield, 
Mass., Cooley. 

Panicum scoparium 8S. Wats. ex Nash, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 22: 421. 1895, 
as synonym of P. scribnerianum Nash. 

Panicum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 80. 1934. Based 
on P. scribnerianum Nash. 

(64) Panicum shastense Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 35: 
3. 1901. Castle Crags, Calif., Greata in 
1899. 

Panicum sonorum Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
130. 1896. Based on P. capillare var. 
miliaceum Vasey. 

Panicum capillare var. miliaceum Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1:28. 1890. 
Not P. miliaceum L. 1758. Lerdo, 
Mexico, Palmer 947 in 1889. 

(73) Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell., Bot. 
8S. C. and Ga. 1: 125. 1816. Georgia, 
Baldwin. 

Panicum kalmii Swartz ex Wikstr., Adnot. 
Bot. 6. 1829. Pennsylvania, ? Kalm. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


923 


Panicum heterophyllum Swartz ex Wikstr., 
Adnot. Bot. 6. 1829. Not P. hetero- 
phyllum Spreng., 1822. As synonym of 
P, kalmu Swartz. 

Panicum nitidum var. crassifolium A. 
Gray, N. Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 1: 30. 
1834. Name only for specimen from 
‘‘Pine barrens of New Jersey;”’ A. Gray 
ex Doell, in Mart. Fl. Bras. 27: 247. 
1877 (in obs.). 

Panicum dichotomum var. sphaerocarpon 
Wood, Class-book ed. 1861. 786. 1861. 
yey based on P. sphaerocarpon 


Panicum microcarpon var. sphaerocarpon 
Vasey, Grasses U. S. 12. 1883. Based 
on P. sphaerocarpon Ell. 

Panicum vicarium Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
20. 1886. Cérdoba, Mexico, Schaffner 
285. 

PANICUM SPHAEROCARPON var. INFLATUM 
(Secribn. and Smith) Hitche. and Chase, 
U.S: Natl? Herb. Contrib:15:° 253. £. 
275. 1910. Based on P. inflatum 
Seribn. and Smith. (Published as P. 
sphaerocarpon inflatum.) 

Panicum inflatum Seribn. and Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 16: 
5. 1899. Biloxi, Miss., Tracy 4622. 


Panicum mississippiense Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 91. 1900. 


Mississippi River below New Orleans, 
La., Ashe. 

(39) Panicum sphagnicola Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 22: 422. 1895. Lake 
City, Fla., Nash 2500. 

(40) Panicum spretum Schult., Mantissa 2: 
248. 1824. Based on Muhlenberg’s 
Panicum No. 37. New England. 

Panicum nitidum var. densiflorum Rand 
and Redfield, Fl. Mt. Desert 174. 
1894. Mount Desert, Maine, Rand. 

Panicum eatont Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 25: 84. 1898. Seabrook, N. H.., 
Eaton. 

Panicum octonodum Smith, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 73. f. 369. 
1899. Waller County, Tex., Thurow in 
1898. 

Panicum paucipilum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 573. 1899. Wildwood, 
N. J., Bicknell in 1897. 

Panicum nitidum octonodum Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 24: 34. 1901. Based on P. oc- 
tonodum Smith. 

(159) Panicum stipitatum Nash in Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17. 
(ed. 2): 56. f. 352. 1901. Based on P. 
elongatum Pursh. 

Panicum elongatum Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 69. 1814. Not P. elongatum 
Salisb., 1796. New Jersey to Virginia. 
(Type, Delaware.] 

Panicum agrostoides var. elongatum 
Scribn., Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7: 


924 
42. pl. 9. f. 34. 1894. Based on P. 
elongatum Pursh. 

(137) Panicum stramineum Hitche. and 
Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 
67. f. 50. 1910. Guaymas, Sonora, 
Palmer 206 in 1887. 

Panicum capillare var. stramineum Gould, 
Madrono 10: 94. 1949. Based on P. 
stramineum Hitche. and Chase. 

(13) Panicum strigosum Muhl. in Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 126. 1816. [South 
Carolina and Georgia.] 

Panicum laxiflorum var. pubescens Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 30. 1892. 
No locality cited. [Type, Duval Coun- 
ty, Fla., Curtiss (No. H).] 

Panicum  longipedunculatum — Scribn., 
Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7: 53. pl. 16. 
f. 61. 1894. Tennessee, White Cliff 
Springs, [Scribner, type] Tullahoma. 


(54) Panicum subvillosum Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soe. Jour. 16: 86. 1900. 
Carlton, Minn., Ashe. 

Panicum unciphyllum forma pilosum 


Seribn. and Merr., Rhodora 3: 124. 
1901. Orono, Maine, Fernald 501. 

(155) Panicum tenerum Beyr. in Trin., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI Sci. Nat. 
1: 341. 1834. Georgia, Beyrich [62]. 

Panicum anceps var. strictum Chapm., Fl. 
South. U. 8. 573. 1860. Florida, Chap- 
man. 

This species has been referred to Panicum 

stenodes Griseb., of tropical America. 

(49) Panicum tennesseense Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 52. 1898. 
La Vergne County, Tenn., Biltmore 
Herbarium 7087. 

Panicum lindheimeri var. septentrionale 
Fernald, Rhodora 238: 227. 1921. 
Woodstock, New Brunswick, Fernald 
and Long 12527. 

Panicum lindheimeri var. tennesseense 
Farwell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 11: 45. 
1928. Based on Panicum tennesseense 
Ashe. 

Panicum lanuginosum var. septentrionale 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 77. 1934. Based 
on P. lindheimeri var. septentrionale 
Fernald. 

(76) Panicum tenue Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
118. 1817. No locality cited. 

Panicum deustum Brickell and Enslin ex 
Muhl., Deser. Gram. 119. 1817. Not 
P. deustum Thunb., 1794. As synonym 
of P. tenue. 

Panicum liton Schult., Mantissa 2: 250. 
1824. Based on P. tenuwe Muhl., that 
name changed because of P. tenue 
Roxb., name only, 1813, not described 
until 1820. 

Panicum unciphyllum Trin., Gram. Pan. 
242. 1826. North America. 

Panicum macrum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
40. 1829. Based on P. tenue Muhl. 
Panicum parvulum Mubhl. ex Scribn. and 

Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Ag ost. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF -AGRICULTURE 


Cir. 27: 4. 1900. Not P. parvulum 
Trin., 1834. As synonym of P. tenue 
Mubhl. 

(124) Panicum texanum Buckl., Prel. Rpt. 


Geol. Agr. Survey Tex. App. 3. 1866. 
Austin, Tex. 
(57) Panicum thermale Boland., Calif. 


Acad. Sci. Proc. 2: 181. 
County, Calif. 

Panicum ferventicola Schmoll, Madrofio 5: 
92. 1939. Yellowstone National Park, 
Chase. 

Panicum  ferventicola var. sericeum 
Schmoll, Madrofo 5: 98. 1939. Yel- 
lowstone National Park, A. and HE. 
Nelson 6037. 


1862. Sonoma 


Panicum  ferventicola var. papillosum 
Schmoll, Madrofio 5: 94. 1939. Al 
berta, Hitchcock, Amer. Gr. Natl. 
Herb. 220. 


Panicum lassenianum Schmoll, Madrofo 
5: 95. 1939. Plumas County, Calif., 
Jepson 4082. 

(52) Panicum thurowii Scribn. and Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 16: 
5. 1899. Waller County, Tex., Thurow 
in 1898. 

(145) Panicum trichoides Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg. Ind. Occ. 24. 1788. Jamaica; 
Hispaniola. 

(78) Panicum trifolium Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 26: 580. 1899. Macon, Ga., 
Small in 1895. 

(70) Panicum tsugetorum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 25: 86. 1898. Bronx 
Park N. ¥., Nasit.28%: 

Panicum lanuginosum siccanum Hitche. 
and Chase, Rhodora 8: 207. 1906. 
Starved Rock, Ill., Chase 1602. 

(132) Panicum tuckermani Fernald, Rho- 
dora 21: 112. 1919. Lake Mem- 
phremagog, Vt., Tuckerman. 

Panicum soboliferum Tuckerm. ex Scribn. 
and Merr., Rhodora 3: 106. 1901. 
Cited as synonym of P. minimum 
Scribn. and Merr., but the Tuckerman 
specimen from Lake Memphremagog, | 
Vt., cited is not the same species as the | 
type of P. minimum, which see under 
P. philadelphicum. 

Panicum philadelphicum var. tuckerimant 
Steyerm. and Schmoll, Rhodora 41: 90. 
1939. Based on Panicum tuckermant 
Fernald. 

(167) Panicum urvilleanum Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 2: 403. pl. 115. 1831. [Con- 
cepcion] Chile, Dumont-d’ Urville. 

Panicum megastachyum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 305. 1830. Not P. megastachyum 
Nees, 1826. Hudnuco, Peru, Haenke. 

Panicum preslii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 10. 1830. Based on P. megasta- 
chyum Presl. 

Panicum urvilleanum var. longiglume | 
Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 17 (ed. 2): 49. 1901. San Jacinto, 
Calif., Parish Brothers 887. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(82) Panicum vernale Hitchc. and Chase, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 15: 266. 
f. 293. 1910. Lake City, Fla., Hitch- 
cock 1020. 

(165) Panicum verrucosum Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 1138. 1817. New Jersey, Dela- 
ware, and Georgia. 

Panicum debile Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 1: 
129. 1816. Not P. debile Desf., 
1798. Presumably South Carolina. 

Panicum umbraculum Bose ex Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1: 314. 1825, as synonym of 
P. verrucosum. ; 

Panicum rugosum Bose ex Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 314. 1825, as synonym of P. 
verrucosum. [Bosc.] 

(5) Panicum viliosissimum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 23: 149. 1896. Macon, 
Ga., Small in 1895. 

Panicum tectum Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 313. 1825. Name only. North 
America. 

Panicum nitidum var. villosum A. Gray, 
N. Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 2: 111. 
1835. 

Panicum dichotomum var. villosum Vasey, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8: 31. 
1889. [Type, District of Columbia, 
Vasey.| 

Panicum nitidum pubescens Scribn. in 
Kearney, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 20: 
479. 1893. Name only. Harlan and 
Bell Counties, Ky., Kearney 58 and 
141 in part. 

Panicum atlanticum Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 346. 1897. Bronx Park, 


IND YE Nash: 
Panicum haemacarpon Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 55. 1898. 


District of Columbia, Kearney in 1897 
[type]; North Carolina, Ashe in 1898; 
Iowa, Carver 258. 

Panicum xanthospermum Scribn. and 
Mohr, U.S. Natl]. Herb. Contrib. 6: 348. 
1901. Greenville, Ala., Mohr. 

(151) Panicum virgatum L., Sp. Pl. 59. 
1753. Virginia [Clayton 578]. 

Panicum coloratum Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 

1788. Not P. coloratum L., 1767. South 


Carolina. 
_ Eatonia purpurascens Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 104. 1819. New York 


[type, Long Island]. 

Panicum pruinosum Bernh. ex Trin., 
Gram. Pan. 191. 1826, as synonym of 
P. virgatum. North America [Delaware], 
Bernhardt. 

Panicum giganteum Scheele, Linnaea 22: 
340. 1849. Between San Antonio and 
New Braunfels, Tex., Lindheimer. 

Panicum glaberrimum Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 94. 1854. Grown at Berlin, 
seed from North America. 

Ichnanthus glaber Link ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 94. 1854, as synonym of 
P. glaberrimum Steud. 

Panicum kunthii Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. 


925 


Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 490. 1885. Not 
P. kunthii Steud., 1841. Based on P. 
coloratum L. misapplied by Kunth. 

Panicum virgatum var. confertum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 26. 1886. 
No locality cited. [Type, Atlantic City, 
N. J., Vasey.] 

Panicum virgatum var. elongatum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 18: 26. 1886. 
No locality cited. [Type, White River, 
S. Dak., Wilcox 13.] 

Panicum virgatum var. diffusum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 26. 1886. 
‘“‘Kansas, Colorado, ete.’ 

Panicum virgatum var. glaucephylla Cassi- 
dy, Colo. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 12: 29. 
1890. Colorado. 

Chasea virgata Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Nat. 
2: 64. 1911. Based on Panicum vir- 
gatum L. 

Milium virgatum Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 212. 1915. Based on Panicum 
virgatum L. 

Milium virgatym var. elongatum Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 212. 1915. Based 
on Panicum virgatum var. elongatum 
Vasey. 

PANICUM VIRGATUM Var. CUBENSE Griseb., 
Cat. Pl. Cub. 233. 1866. [Handbana] 
Cuba, Wright in 1865. 

Panicum virgatum var. obtusum Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 392. 1871. 
New Jersey. 

Panicum virgatum var. breviramosum 
Nash, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 23: 150. 
1896. Augusta, Ga., Small in 1895. 

Panicum virgatum var. thyrsiforme Linder, 
Rhodora 24: 14. 1922. Indian River, 
Fla., Fredholm 5580. 

PANICUM VIRGATUM var. SPISSUM Linder, 
Rhodora 24: 15. 1922. Great Pubnico 
Lake, Nova Scotia, Fernald, Long, 
and Linder 19766. 

(90) Panicum webberianum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 23: 149. 1896. Eustis, 
Fla., Nash 781. 

Panicum onslowense Ashe, Elisha Mitchell 
Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 88. 1900. Wards 
Mill, Onslow County, N. C., Ashe. 

(8) Panicum werneri Scribn. in Britt. and 
Brown, Illustr. Fl. 3: 501. f. 268b. 
1898. New York and Ohio [type, 
Painesville, Werner 60]. 

Panicum delawarense Ashe, N. C. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 175: 116. 1900. Cen- 
terville, Del., Commons [48] in 1878. 

Panicum linearifolium var. wernert Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 28: 194. 1921. Based 
on P. werneri Scribn. 

Panicum strictum var. lineartfolium sub- 
var. wernert Farwell, Amer. Mid]. Nat. 
11: 44. 1928. Based on P. wernert 
Seribn. 

(92) Panicum wilcoxianum Vasey, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 8:32. 1889. 
Nebraska [Fort Niobrara], Wilcox in 
1888. 


926 


Milium wilcoxianum Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 2138 1915. Based on Panicum 
wilcoxianum Vasey. 

(69) Panicum wilmingtonense Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 86. 1900. 
Wilmington, N. C., Ashe in 1899. 

Panicum alabamense Ashe, N. C. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 175: 116. 1900. Not 
P. alabamense Trin., 1854. Auburn, 
Ala., Alabama Biological Survey 1530. 

(44) Panicum wrightianum Scribn., U. S. 


Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. ‘WL: 44. 
f. 4, 1808. Vueltabajo, Cuba, Wright 
3463. 


Panicum strictum Bose ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 447. 1817. Not 
P. strictum R. Br., 1810. North America 
[type, Carolina, Bosc]. 

Panicum minutulum Desv., Opuse. 87. 
1833. Not P. minutulum Gaud., 1826. 
Carolina. 

Panicum deminutivum Peck, N. Y. State 
Mus. Bul. 10: 27. 1907. Suffolk 


County, N. Y., Peck ig 1906. 

(10) Panicum xalapense H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 103. 1815. Xalapa 
[Jalapa], Mexico, Humboldt and Bon- 
pland. 


Panicum pumilum Bose ex Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 228. 1829. Not P. pumilum 
Lam., 1798. Name only. North America 
[Bosc]. 

Panicum rariflorum Rupr., Acad. Sci. 
Belg. Bul. 92: 240. 1842. Not P. rari- 
florum Lam., 1798. Name only. Jalapa, 
Mexico, Galeotti 5733. 

Panicum ruprechtii Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
21. 1886. Not P. ruprechtii Fenzl, 
1854. Described from type of P. rari- 
florum Rupr. 

Panicum caricifolium Scribn. ex Ashe, 
Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 57. 
1898. Name only. Washington, D. C., 
Kearney in 1897. 

This is the species described as Panicum 
acuminatum Swartz by Muhlenberg (Descr. 
Grame 25.7 1817). 

PANICUM XALAPENSE var. STRICTIRAMEUM 
Hitche. and Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 15: 161. f. 148. 1910. Jackson, 
Miss., Hitchcock 1311. (Published as P. 
ralapense strictirameum. ) 

Panicum laxiflorum var. strictirameum 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 75. 1934. Based 
on P. xalapense strictirameum Hitche. 
and Chase. 

(99) Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray, N. 
Amer. Gram. and Cyp. 1: No. 28. 1834. 
Oneida Lake, N. Y. 


Panicum xanthophysum forma amplt- 
folium Scribn. in Brainerd, Jones, and 
Eggleston, Fl. Vt. 104. 1900. Burling- 
ton, Vt., Jones. 

(35) Panicum yadkinense Ashe, Elisha 
Mitchell Sci. Soc. Jour. 16: 85. 1900. 


; Based on Panicum maculatum Ashe. 
? Panicum dumus Desv., Opuse. 88. 1831. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 


S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Tropical America (locality erroneous). 

Panicum maculatum Ashe, Elisha Mit- 
chell Sci. Soc. Jour. 15: 44. 1898. Not 
P. maculatum Aubl., 1775. Raleigh, 
N. C., Ashe in 1895. 


(39) PAPPOPHORUM Schreb. 


(2) Pappophorum bicolor Fourn., Mex. Pl. 
2: 133. 1886. Toluca, Mexico, Kar- 
winsky 1483. 

(1) Pappophorum mucronulatum Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 412. 1829. Bahia and 
Piauhy, Brazil, Martius. 

Pappophorum vaginatum Buckl., Prel. 
Rpt. Geol. Agr. Survey Tex. App. 1. 
cil Western Texas [type, Wright 
803]. 

Pappophorum apertum Munro ex Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 148. 1882. 
Camp Lowell, Ariz., Pringle. 

Pappophorum apertum var. vaginatum 
Scribn. ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 2: 535. 1894. Based on 
P. vaginatum Buckl. 

Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze 
var. mucronulatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 33: 365. 1898. Based on P mucro- 
nulatum Nees. 


(52) PARAPHOLIS C. E. Hubb. 


(1) Parapholis incurva (L.) C. E. Hubb., 
Blumea Sup. 8. (Henrard Jubilee vol.): 
14. 1946. Based on Aegilops incurva L. 

Aegilops incurva L., Sp. Pl. 1051. 1753. 
Europe. 

Aegilops incurvata L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 
1490. 1763. Europe. 

Agrostis incurvata Scop., Fl. Carn. 1: 62. 
1772. Based on Aegilops incurvata L. 
Rottboellia incurvata L. f., Sup. Pl. 114. 
1781. Based on Aegilops incurvata L. 
Ophiurus incurvatus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
116, 168, 176. 1812. Based on Rott- 

boellia incurvata L. f. 

Rottboellia incurva Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 799. 1817. Presumably 
based on Aegilops incurva L. 

Lepturus incurvatus Trin., Fund. Agrost. 
123. 1820. Based on Aegilops incurvata 
ty: 

Lepturus filiformis var. incurvatus Hook. 
f., Stud. Fl. 455. 1870. Based on L. 
incurvatus Trin, 

Lepturus incurvus Druce, List Brit. Pl. 85. 
1908. Presumably based on Aegilops 
incurva L. 

Lepturus incurvus subsp. incurvatus Briq., 
Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 183. 1910. Based 
on Lepturus incurvatus Trin. ‘‘sensu 
stricto.” 

Pholiurus incurvatus Hitche., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Bul. 772: 106. 1920. Based on 
Aegilops incurvata L. 

Pholiurus incurvus Schinz and Thell., 
Vierteljahrs. Nat. Gesell. Ziirich 66: 
265. 1921. Based on Aegilops incurva L. 


Lepidurus incurvus Janchen in Janchen 
and Neumayer, Wien. Bot. Zeitschr. 
93: 85. 1944. Based on Aegilops in- 
curva L., but genus not validly pub- 
lished. 

| This species has been included in Pholv- 

lurus Trin., but in the type of that, P. 

lpnannonicus (Host) Trin., the rachis is con- 

sinuous, the spikelets falling entire, free 

/rom the rachis joints. 


(136) PASPALUM L. 


(2) Paspalum acuminatum Raddi, Agrost. 
| Bras. 25. 1823. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 
| Raddi. 

(11) Paspalum almum Chase, Wash. Acad. 

Sci. Jour. 23: 137. f. 1.. 1933. Beau- 

mont, Tex., J. F. Combs in 1932. 

(48) Paspalum bifidum (Bertol.) Nash, 

Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 192. 1897. 
Based on Panicum bifidum Bertol. 

Panicum floridanum. Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 1: 248. 
1834. Not Paspalum floridanum Michx. 
Florida and Alabama. 

Panicum bifidum Bertol., Accad. Sci. 
Bologna Mem. 2: 598. pl. 41. f. 2. e-h. 
1850. Alabama. 

Panicum alabamense Trin. ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 64. 1854. Alabama, 
locality erroneously cited as North 
Carolina. 

Paspalum racemulosum Nutt. ex Chapm., 
Fl. South. U. S. 571. 1860. Florida 
to North Carolina and westward. 

Paspalum interruptum Wood, Class-book 
ed. 1861. 783. 1861. Louisiana and 
Texas, Hale. 

Paspalum bifidum var. projectum Fernald, 
Rhodora 40: 388. pl. 509. 1938. Burt, 
Buesex County, Va., Fernald and Long 

9 


7239. 

(25) Paspalum  blodgettii Chapm., FI. 
South. U.S. 571. 1860. Key West, Fla., 
Blodgett. 

Paspalum dissectum Swartz ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 308. 1817. Not 
P. dissectum L. 1762. Erroneously given 
as synonym of P. caespitosum Fliigge. 
Jamaica, Swartz. 

Paspalum simpsoni Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 39. 1897. No-Name 
Key, Fla., Simpson 184. 

Paspalum gracillimum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 73, 1326. 1903. 
Key West, Fla., Blodgett. 

Paspalum yucatanum Chase, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 28: 121. 1929. Mérida, 
Yucatan, Schott 597. 

(46) Paspalum boscianum Fliigge, Monogr. 
Pasp. 170. 1810. Carolina, Bosc. 

Paspalum virgatum Walt., Fl. Carol. 75. 
1788. Not P. virgatum L., 1759. South 
Carolina. 

Paspalum brunneum Bosc ex Fliigge, Mo- 
nogr. Pasp. 171. 1810, as synonym of 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


927 


P. boscianum. Carolina, Bosc. 

Paspalum purpurascens Ell., Bot. 8. C. 
and 7Gar les 10854 plis6:f.,3.. TSilé. 
South Carolina. 

Paspalum confertum LeConte, Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 91: 285. 1820. Georgia [Le 
Conte]. 

Paspalum virgatum var. purpurascens 
Wood, Class-book ed. 1861. 781. 1861. 
Based on P. purpurascens Ell. 

(26) Paspalum caespitosum Fliigge, Mon- 
ogr. Pasp. 161. 1810. Hispaniola, 
Poiteau and Turpin. 

Paspalum gracile Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 4: 313. 1816. Not P. gracile 
Rudge, 1805. Dominican Republic. 

Paspalum heterophyllum Desv. ex Poir. in 
Lam., Encycl. Sup. 4: 315. 1816. 
Dominican Republic. 

Paspalum poiretii Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 878. 1817. Based on 
P. gracile Poir. 

Paspalum lineare Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 12. 
1886. Not P. lineare Trin., 1826. 
Mexico, Liebmann 187 [type; the other 
specimen cited, Liebmann 192, is P. 
langei|. 

Paspalum caespitosum var. longifoliwm 
Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 
164. 1886. No locality cited. [Type, 
Garber in 1877.] 

(19) Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 44. 1803. Carolina, Michaux. 

Paspalum debile Muhl., Cat. Pl. 8. 1813; 
Descr. Gram. 91. 1817. Not P. debile 
Michx., 1803. Georgia. 

Paspalum spathaceum Desv. ex Poir. in 
Lam., Encyecl. Sup. 4: 314. 1816. 
America. 

Paspalum latifolium LeConte, Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 91: 284. 1820. Columbia, 8. C. 

Paspalum ciliatifolium var. brevifolvum 
Vasey, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 
1886: 285. 1886. Philadelphia, Pa., 
Burk. 

Paspalum setaceum var. ciliatifolium 
Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
17. 1892. Based on P. ciliatifolium 
Michx. 

Paspalum chapmani Nash, N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Bul. 1: 290. 1899. Florida, 
Chapman. 

Paspalum eggertii Nash, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Bul. 1: 434. 1900. Arkansas [type, 
Pine Bluff, Eggert in 1896]. 

Paspalum blepharophyllum Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 71, 1326. 1908. 
Central Florida, Nash 1426. 

Paspalum epile Nash in Small, Fl. South- 
east. U. S. 72, 1826. 1903. Key West, 
Fla., Blodgett. 

(36) Paspalum circulare Nash in Britton, 
Man. 73. 1901. New York to North 
Carolina; Missouri. [Type, Bergen 
County, N. J., Nash in 1889.] 

Paspalum praelongum Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 74, 1326. 1908. 


928 


Washington, D. C., Nash in 1894. 

Paspalum laeve var. circulare Stone, N. J. 
Mus. Ann. Rpt. 1910:187. 1911. Based 
on P. circulare Nash. 

(31) Paspalum conjugatum Bergius, Act. 
Helv. Phys. Math. 7: 129. pl. 8. 1762. 
Dutch Guiana. 

Paspalum tenue Gaertn., Fruct. et Sem. 
2:2. pl. 80. 1791. Apparently based on 
P. conjugatum Bergius. 

Paspalum ciliatum Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
175. 1791. Tropical America [French 
Guiana, Leblond]. 

Paspalum renggeri Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1:17. 1854. Paraguay, Rengger. 

Paspalum longissimum Hochst. ex Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 19. 1854. Dutch 
Guiana, Kappler 1556. 

Paspalum bicrurum Salzm. ex Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 55. 1877, as syn- 
onym of P. conjugatum. Bahia, Brazil, 
Salzmann. 

Paspalum conjugatum var. parviflorum 
Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 55. 1877. 
Brazil, Mandos, Spruce 894; Piauhy, 
Gardner 3502. 

(47) Paspalum convexum Humb. and Bon- 
pl., in Flugge, Monogr. Pasp. 175. 
1810. Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Paspalum hemicryptum Wright, An. Acad. 
Cienc. Habana 8: 204. 1871; Wright 
and Sauv., Fl. Cubana 196. 1878. 
Cuba, Wright 3847. 

Paspalum inops Vasey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 281. 1893. Mexico, Palmer 
592 in 1866. 

Paspalum inops var. major Vasey, in 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 89. 1896. 
Mexico, Pringle 1875. 

(14) Paspalum debile Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 44. 1803. Carolina [type] 
and Georgia, Michauz. 

?Paspalum dissectum Walt., Fl. Carol. 75. 
1788. Not P. dissectum L. 1762. South 


Carolina. 

Paspalum dubium DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 130. 1813. Native country 
unknown. : 


Paspalum infirmum Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 307. 1817. Based on 
Paspalum debile Michx. 

Paspalum villosissimum Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 24: 40. 1897. Eustis, 
Fla. Nash 946. 

(39) Paspalum difforme LeConte, Jour. 
Phys. Chym. 91: 284. 1820. Georgia. 

(32) Paspalum dilatatum Poir. in Lam., 
Encyel. 5: 35. 1804. Argentina, Com- 
merson. 

Paspalum platense Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
247. 1825. Montevideo, Uruguay. 

Paspalum ovatum Nees ex Trin., Gram. 
Pan. 118. 1826. Brazil, Besser. 

Paspalum lanatum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4: 
Cur. Post. 30. 1827. Not P. lanatum 
H. B. K., 1816. Brazil. 

Paspalum eriophorum Schult., Mantissa 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


2: 560. 
Spreng. 

Paspalum ovatum var. grandiflorum Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 48. 1829. Montevideo, 
Uruguay, Sellow. 

Paspalum selloi Spreng. ex Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 43. 1829, as synonym of P. 
ovatum var. grandiflorum Nees. 

Paspalum pedunculare Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 217. 1830. Habitat unknown. 

Paspalum dilatatum var. decumbens Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 138: 166. 1886. 
No locality cited. [Type, Point-a-la- 
Hache, La., Langlois 27.] 

Paspalum dilatatum var. sacchariferum 
Arech., An. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 
90. 1894. Uruguay. 

Panicum platense Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
32: 363. 1898. Based on Paspalum 
platense Spreng. 

Digitaria dilatata Coste, Fl. France 3: 
553. 1906. Based on Paspalum di- 
latatum Poir. 

(1) Paspalum dissectum (L.) L. Sp. Pl. ed. 
2. 81. 1762. Based on Panicum 
dissectum L. 

Panicum dissectum L., Sp. Pl. 57. 1753. 
Locality erroneously given as “‘Indiis,”’ 
the type in the Linnaean Herbarium 
being from North America, collected by 
Kalm. 

Paspalum dimidiatum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 
10. 2: 855. 1759. Based on Panicum 
dissectum L. 

Paspalum membranaceum Walt., Fl. Carol. 
75. 1788. South Carolina. 

Paspalum vaginatum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and — 
Ga. 1: 109. 1816. Not P. vaginatum 
Swartz, 1788. Savannah, Ga., Baldwin. — 

Paspalum walterianum Schult., Mantissa 
2: 166. 1824. Based on P. membrana- 
ceum Walt. In Chapman’s Flora (570. 
1860.) the name is given as P. walteri 
Schult. 

Paspalum tectum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1:29. 1854. Florida, Chapman. F 

Paspalum drummondit C. Muell., Bot. | 
Ztg. 19: 332. 1861. St. Louis, Mo., 
Drummond 182. 

(5) Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 
10. 2: 855. 1759. [Jamaica, Browne.] 

Digitaria paspalodes Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 46. 1803. Charleston, 8. C., 
Michaux. 

Paspalum digitaria Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 4: 316. 1816. Charleston, | 
SG Bose | 

Milium paspalodes Ell., Bot. 8. C. and | 
Ga. 1: 104. 1816. Based on Digitaria 
paspalodes Michx., but misapplied to | 
Axonopus furcatus (Fliigge) Hitche. 

Milium distichum Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
78. 1817. Presumably based on Pas- — 
palum distichum L. Name only, Muhl., — 
Cat. Pl. 10. 1813. | 

Paspalum michauxianum Kunth, Rév. 


1827. Based on P. lanatum 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Gram. 1:25. 1829. Based on Digitaria 
paspalodes Michx. 

Panicum Besualelor ts Pres], Rel. Haenk. 
1: 296. 1830. Peru, Haenke. 

Panicum polyrrhizum Presi, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 296. 1830. “Monterey, California,” 
but the type from Baja California. 

Paspalum fernandezianum Colla, Mem. 
1: 296. 1830. ‘‘Monterey, California”’ 
[but specimens probably collected in 
Baja California], Haenke. 

Paspalum fernandezianum Colla, Mem. 
Acead. Sci. Torino 39: 27. pl. 59. 
1836. Juan Fernandez, Chile, Bertero. 

Paspalum chepica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 21. 1854. Juan Fernandez, Chile, 
Bertero 1223. 

Paspalum vaginatum var. pubescens Doell 
ine WViart,. Fl “Bras. 22: 975... - 1877. 
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Glaziou 3612. 

Paspalum schaffnert Griseb. in Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 6. 1886. Mexico, Chapul- 
tepec, Schaffner 19a; San Angel, Schaff- 
ner 19c; Mirador, Schaffner 19b. 

Paspalum elliottii S. Wats. in A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 6. 629. 1890. Based on 
Milium paspalodes Ell. but misapplied 
to Avonopus furcatus (Fligge) Hitche. 

Paspalum paspaloides Scribn., ‘Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5: 29. 1894. Based on 
Digitaria paspalodes Michx. but mis- 
applied to Azxonopus furcatus (Fligge) 
Hitche. 

Digitaria disticha Fiori and Paol., Icon. 
Fl. Ital. Illustra. 1: 16. f. 136. 1895. 
Based on Paspalum distichum L. 

Anastrophus paspaloides Nash in Britton, 
Man. 75. 1901. Based on Paspalum 
paspaloides Scribn. but misapplied to 
Axonopus furcatus (Fliigge) Hitche. 

Paspalum distichum var. digitaria Hack. 
in Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 
13: 424. 1906. Based on P. digitaria 
Poir. 

Paspalum distichum subsp. paspalodes 
Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 
38: 77. 1912. Based on Digitaria 
paspalodes Michx. 

(40) Paspalum floridanum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 44. 1803. Florida and 
Georgia, Michauz. 

Paspalum macrospermum Fligge, Mon- 
ogr. Pasp. 172. 1810. Carolina, Bosc. 
Paspalum glabrum Bose ex Fliigge, Mon- 
ogr. Pasp. 172. 1810, as synonym of 

P. macrospermum Fligge. 

Paspalum laevigatum Bosc ex Poir., En- 
cycl. Sup. 4: 313. 1816, as synonym of 
P. floridanum Michx. 

Paspalum laeve var. floridanwm Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 782. 1861. Pre- 
sumably based on P. floridanum 
Michx. 

PASPALUM FLORIDANUM var. GLABRATUM 
Engelm. ex Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 13: 166. 1886. No locality cited. 
(Type, Mobile, Ala., Mohr in 1884.] 


929 


?Paspalum altissimum LeConte, Jour. 
pny . Chym. 91: 285. 1820. Salem, 


?Paspalum laeve var. altissimwm Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 782. 1861. Based 
on P. altissimum LeConte. 

Paspalum glabratum Mohr, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 21. 1897. Based on 
P. floridanum var. glabratum Engelm. 

(3) Paspalum fluitans (Ell.) Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 24. 1829. Based on Ceresia 
fluitans El. 

Paspalum mucronatum Muhl., Cat. Pl. 8. 


1813, name only; Georgia; Descr. 
Gram. 96. 1817. Mississippi and 
Georgia. 


Ceresia fluitans Ell., Bot. 8S. C. and Ga. 1: 
109. pl. 6. f. 4. 1816. Ogechee, Ga. 

Paspalum natans LeConte, Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 91: 285. 1820. Georgia. 

Paspalum frankii Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 19. 1854. New Orleans, La., 
Frank. 

Cymatochloa fluitans Schlecht., Bot. Ztg. 
12: 822. 1854. Based on Ceresia 
flwitans Ell. 
his is the species described under P. 

paniculatum by Walter (Fl. Carol. 75. 1788); 

included in P. repens in Manual ed. 1. 

(41) Paspalum giganteum Baldw. ex Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 166. 1886. 
No locality cited. [Type, Pablo Creek, 
Fla., Curtiss in 1875.] 

Paspalum longicilium Nash, N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Bul. 1: 485. 1900. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 1359. 

(8) Paspalum hartwegianum Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 12. 1886. Leén, Mexico, Hart- 
weg 245. 

Paspalum buckleyanum Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 13: 167. 1886. Texas, 
Buckley. In Jacks., Ind. Kew. Sup. 1: 
312. 1906, the name is erroneously 
listed under Panicum. 

(45) Paspalum hydrophilum Henr., Med. 
Rijks Herb. Leiden 45: 1. pl. 1922. 
Paraguay, Balansa in 1884. 

Paspalum intermedium Munro ex Morong, 


Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 258. 1893. 
Paraguay, Morong 1019. 
(34) Paspalum laeve Michx., Fl. Bor. 


Amer. 1: 44. 

Paspalum undulosum 
Phys. Chym. 91: 284. 
[LeConte]. 

Paspalum angustifolium ULeConte, Jour, 
Phys. Chym. 91: 285. 1820. Carolina 
and Georgia [LeConte]. 

Paspalum lecomteanum Schult., Mantissa 
2: 168. 1824. Based on P. uwndulosum 
LeConte. 

Paspalum punctulatum Bertol., Accad. 
Sci. Bologna Mem. 2: 599. pl. 42. f. a-e. 
1850. Alabama. 

Paspalum alternans Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 26. 1854. Louisiana, Hartman 
40. 


1803. Georgia, Michauz. 
LeConte, Jour. 
1820. Georgia 


930 


Paspalum tenue Darby, Bot. South. 
States 576. 1857. Not P. tenue Gaertn., 
1791. Georgia and northward. 

Paspalum laeve var. undulosum Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 782. 1861. Based 
on P. undulosum LeConte. 

Paspalum angustifolium var. tenwe Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 390. 1871. 
New Jersey and south. 

Paspalum laeve var. angustifolium Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 165. 1886. 
Based on P. angustifolium LeConte. 

Paspalum laeve var. brevifolium Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:18. 1892. 
No locality cited. [Type, Texas, 
Nealley in 1886.] 

Paspalum australe Nash in Britton, Man. 
1039. 1901. Stone Mt., Ga., Small in 
1895. 

Paspalum laeve australe Nash in Hitche., 
Rhodora 8: 205. 1906. Based on P. 
australe Nash. 

(24) Paspalum langei (Fourn.) Nash, N. 
Amer. Fl. 17: 179. 1912. Based on 
Dimorphostachys langet Fourn. 

Panicum senescens Trin. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 263. 1841, name only. 
[Mexico, Schiede.] 

Paspalum abbreviatum Trin. ex Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 10. 1886, name only. 
Mexico, Schiede 888. 

Dimorphostachys langet Fourn., Mex. PI. 
2:14. 1886. Mexico, Liebmann 186. 
Dimorphostachys drummondii  Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 15. 1886. Not Paspalum 
drummondii C. Muell., 1861. Texas, 

Drummond [350]. 

Panicum squamatum Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
18. 1886. Not Paspalum squamatum 
Steud., 1854. Mexico, Karwinsky 982. 

Paspalum drummondii Vasey, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 18. 1892. Not P. 
drummondii C. Muell., 1861. Based on 
Dimorphostachys drummondii Fourn. 


Paspalum oricola Millsp. and Chase, 
Field Mus. Bot. 3: 28. f. 28, 29. 1903. 
Island of Cozumel, Yucatan, Mulls- 


paugh Pl. Uto. 1480. 
Dimorphostachys ciliifera Nash in Small, 


Fl. Southeast. U. 8S. 78, 1327. 1908. 
Manatee, Fla., Simpson 97. 

Paspalum ciliiferum Hitche., U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 12: 201. 1909. Based 


on Dimorphostachys ciliifera Nash. 

(27) Paspalum laxum Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 
1: 176. 1791. Tropical ‘America [prob- 
ably St. Croix], Richard. 

Paspalum glabrum Poir. in Lam., En- 
eycl. 5: 30. 1804. Puerto Rico, Ledru. 

Paspalum miliodeum Desv. ex Poir. in 
Lam., Encycl. Sup. 4: 315. 1816. 
Puerto Rico. 

Paspalum miliare Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
247. 1825. Based on P. miliodeum 
Desv. 

Paspalum ischnocaulon Trin., Gram. Icon. 
2: pl. 126. 1828. Source erroneously 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


given as East Indies, doubtless error for 
West Indies. . | 

Paspalum floribundum Desv., Opusc. 58, | 
1831. West Indies. 1 

Paspalum rhizomatosum Steud., Syn. PL 
Glum? “fiz 18543 Guadeloupe, 
Duchaissing. } 

Paspalum koleopodum Steud., Syn. Pl. | 
Glum. 1:18. 1854. Guadeloupe, Duch- 
aissing. 

Paspalum laxum var. lamarckianum Doell | 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 27: 86. 187@@ 
Based on P. laxum Lam., but mis-— 
applied to a Brazilian species. 

Paspalum hellert Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 30: 376. 1903. Santurce, Puerto 
Rico, Heller 10. 

Paspalum tenacissimum Mez, Bot. Jahrb. 
Engler 56: Beibl. 125: 10. 19210 
Puerto Rico, Hioram 804. 

(38) Paspalum lentiferum Lam., Tabl. En- | 
cycl. 1: 175. 1791. Carolina, Fraser. 

Paspalum lanuginosum Bose ex Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 12. 1812. Name only. 
(Carolina, Bosc.] 

Paspalum lanuginosum Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 271. 1841, as 
synonym of P. lentiferum Lam. 

Paspalum. curtisianum Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 26. 1854. Carolina, M. Al) 
Curtis. 

Paspalum praecox var. curtisianum Vasey, — 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 165. 1886. | 
Based on P. curtistanum Steud. 

Paspalum glaberrimum Nash in Small, Fl. 
Southeast. U.S. 76, 1326. 1903. Central 
Florida, Nash 1619. | 

Paspalum tardum Nash in Small, Fl. | 
Southeast. U. S. 76, 1326. 1908. 
Florida, Nash 2047. 

Paspalum kearneyi Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. 8S. 77, 1326. 1903: 
Nicholson, Miss., Kearney 357. 

Paspalum amplum Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 77, 1826. 1903% 
Marianna, Fla., Tracy 3682. 

(7) Paspalum lividum Trin. in Schlecht., 
Linnaea 26: 3838. 1854. Mexico, 
‘Schiede. 

(12) Paspalum longepedunculatum  Le- 
Conte, Jour. Phys. Chym. 91: 284. 
1820. North Carolina [LeConte]. | 

Paspalum setaceum var. longepeduncu-— 
latum Wood, Class-book, ed. 1861. 782. 
1861. Based on P. longepedunculatum 
LeConte. 

Paspalum kentuckiense Nash in Britton, 
Man. 1039. 1901. Poor Fork, Ky., — 
Kearney in 1893. | 

(35) Paspalum longipilum Nash, N. Y. Bot. — 
Gard. Bul. 1: 485. 1900. Eustis, Fla. 
Nash 1027. 

Paspalum laeve var. pilosum Scribn., — 
Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7: 34. 1894. | 
Tennessee [type, Madisonville, Secrib- 
ner]. 

Paspalum plenipilum Nash in Britton, 


Man. 73. 1901. New Jersey [type, 

. Clifton, Nash in 1892]. 

Paspalum malacophyllum Trin. Gram. Icon. 

3: pl. 271. 1831. Brazil. 

1(10) Paspalum minus Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
6. 1886. Mexico, Bourgeau 2298 
[type], Liebmann 154. 

(23) Paspalum monostachyum Vasey in 
Chapm., Fl. South. U. 8. ed. 2. 665. 
1883. South Florida, Garber [224]. 

Paspalum rectum var. longispicatum 
Vasey. Bot Gaz. 9: 54,55. 1884. Miami, 
Fla., Garber. 

Paspalum solitarium Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. 8. 77, 1326. 1903. Based 
on Paspalum monostachyum “Vasey not 

| Walp.” Walper’s is a name only. 

(9) Paspalum notatum Fligge, Monogr. 

Pasp. 106. 1810. St. Thomas, West 
Indies. 

Paspalum taphrophyllum Steud., Syn. PL. 
Glum. 1:19. 1854. Martinique, Szeber 
365 [error for 364]. 

Paspalum distachyon Willd. ex Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 73. 1877. Not 
P. distachyon Poit., 1834. As synonym 
of P. notatum. 

Paspalum notatum var. latiflorum Doell 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 78. 1877. Brazil 
and Uruguay, Sellow. 

Paspalum saltense Arech., An. Mus. 
Nac. Montevideo 1: 58. 1894. De- 
partment del Salto, Uruguay. 

PasPALUM NOTATUM var. SAURAE Parodi, 
Univ. Nac. Buenos Aires Rev. Agron. 
15: 55. 1948. Entre Rios, Argentina, 
Parodi 12670. 

Paspalum paucispicatum Vasey, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 281. 18938. Guadala- 

| jara, Mexico, Palmer 243 in 1886. 

(28) Paspalum pleostachyum ODoell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 58. 1877. Bahia, 
Brazil (Salzmann, herb. Bahiense n. 
665). 

(43) Paspalum plicatulum Michx., Fl. Bor. 

| Amer. 1: 45. 1803. Georgia and 

Florida, Michauz. 

Paspalum undulatum Poir. in Lam., En- 
eycel. 5: 29. 1804. Puerto Rico, Ledru. 

Paspalum plicatum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 86. 
1805, error for plicatulum. 

Paspalum lenticulare H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 92. 1815. Venezuela, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Paspalum gracile LeConte, Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 91: 285. 1820. Not P. gracile 
Rudge, 1805. Georgia, LeConte. 

Paspalum leptos Schult., Mantissa 2: 173. 
1824. Based on P. gracile LeConte. 

Paspalum montevidense Spreng., Syst. 
Veg. 1: 246. 1825. Montevideo, Uru- 
guay, Sellow. 

Paspalum tenue Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
26. 1829. Not P. tenue Gaertn., 1791. 
Based on P. gracile LeConte. 

Paspalum multiflorum Desv., Opusc. 58. 
1831. Brazil. 


' MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


931 


Paspalum orthos Schult. ex Kunth, Enum. 
Pl. 1: 57. 1833. Apparently misprint 
for P. leptos. i 

Paspalum marginatum Spreng. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 272. 1841. Not P. 
marginatum 'Trin., 1826. As synonym 
of P. undulatum Poir. [Puerto Rico.] 

Paspalum campestre Schlecht., Linnaea 
26: 131. 1853. Not P. campestre Trin., 
1834. Venezuela, Wagener 392. 

Paspalum atrocarpum Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 25. 1854. Habitat unknown. 
Dumont-@ Urville. 

Paspalum virgatum var. undulatum Wood, 
Amer Bot. ands Klor) pt, 1247390! 
1871. Eastern States. 

Paspalum antillense Husnot, Soc. Linn. 
Normand Bull) TWsv572605 isi: 
Guadeloupe, Husnot 76. 

Paspalum saxatile Salzm. ex Doell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 76. 1877, as syn- 
onym of P. plicatulum Michx. Brazil, 
Salzmann. 

Paspalum decumbens Sagot ex Doell in 
Marte EloBrasi22:77. U8i75 INoteP: 
decumbens Swartz, 1788. As synonym 
of P. plicatulum Michx. French Gui- 
ana, Sagot 1342. 

Paspalum plicatulum var. intumescens 
Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 78. 1877. 
Lagoa Santa, Brazil, Warming. 

Paspalum pauperculum Fourn., Mex. Pl. 
2: 10. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 1320. 

Paspalum pauperculum var. altius Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2:10. 1886. Orizaba, Mexico, 
Bourgeau 2033 [probably misprint for 
2633]. 

Panicum plicatulum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 3?: 363. 1898. Based on Paspalum 
plicatulum Michx. 

(87) Paspalum praecox Walt., Fl. Carol. 75. 
1788. South Carolina. 

(20) Paspalum propinquum Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 291. 1899. Eustis, 
Fla., Nash 1427. 

(16) Paspalum psammophilum Nash in 
Hitche., Rhodora 8: 205. 1906. Based 
on P. prostratum Nash. 

Paspalum -prostratum Nash in Britton, 
Man. 74. 1901. Not P. prostratum 
Seribn. and Merr., 1901 (earlier than 
the preceding). New York to Dela- 
ai [type, Kingsbridge, N. Y., Nash 
514]: 

(18) Paspalum pubescens Muhl. in Willd., 
Enum. Pl. 89. 1809. Carolina. 

Paspalum muhlenbergii Nash in Britton, 


Man. 75. 1901. Massachusetts to 
Georgia, Missouri, Oklahoma, and 
Mississippi. [Type, Van Cortlandt 


Park, N. Y., Bicknell in 1896.] 
Paspalum pubescens var. muhlenbergit 
House, N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 248-244: 
39. 1923. Based on Paspalum muhlen- 
bergit Nash. 
Paspalum ciliatifolium var. muhlenbergit 


932 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 20. 1934. Based 
on P. muhlenbergii Nash. | 

(6) Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 11. 1886. Mexico, Galeotti 
5747. 

Paspalum planifolium Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
10. 1886. Mexico, San Luis Potosi, 
Virlet [type; the other specimen cited, 
Miiller 2062, is P. lividum]. 

Paspalum pubiflorum var. viride Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2:11. 1886. San Luis Potosi, 
Virlet 1328. 

Paspalum hallii Vasey and Scribn., Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 165. 1886, as 
doubtful synonym of P. remotum Remy, 
a Bolivian species. Description drawn 
from Hall 804, Texas. 

Paspalum remotum var. glaucum Scribn. 
in Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 
165. 1886. No locality cited. [Type, 
Grapevine Canyon, Tex. Havard in 
1883.] 

Paspalum  pubiflorum var.  glaucum 
Seribn., U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
19. 1892. Southwestern Texas and 
Mexico [type same as preceding]. 

PAasPALUM PUBIFLORUM Var. GLABRUM Vasey 
ex Scribn., Tenn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 
7: 32. pl. 5. f. 18. 1894. Belle Meade, 
Tenn., Scribner in 1892. 

Paspalum remotum var. glabrum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 166. 1886. 
No locality cited. [Type, Plaquemines 
Parish, La., Langlois 26.] . 

Paspalum geminum Nash, N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Bul. 1: 484. 1900. Eustis, Fla., 
Nash 680. 

Paspalum laeviglume Scribn. ex Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 75, 1326. 
1903. Based on P. remotum var. glabrum 
Vasey. 

Paspalum racemosum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 
1:176. 1791. Peru. 

(21) Paspalum rigidifolium Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Bul. 1: 292. 1899. Eustis, 
Fla., Nash 629. 

(80) Paspalum saugetii Chase, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 28: 147. f. 90. 1919. 
Cuba, Léon 8982. 

Paspalum scrobiculatum L., Mantissa pl. 1: 
29. 1767. India. 

(13) Paspalum setaceum Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 43. 1803. South Carolina, 
Michaux. 

Paspalum hirsutum Retz., misapplied by 
Poir., in Lam., Encycl. 5: 28. 1804. 
Carolina, Bosc. 

Paspalum leptostachyum DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 1380. 1813. Not P. lepto- 
stachyum Humb. and Bonpl., 1810. 
No locality cited, type without locality. 

Paspalum incertum Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 308. 1817. Based on P. 
leptostachyum DC. 

Paspalum eriophorum Willd. ex Nees., 
Agrost. Bras. 56. 1829. Not P. erio- 
phorum Schult., 1827. Native country 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


unknown. 

Paspalum setaceum var. calvescens Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 49: 121. pl. 1057. 1947. 
Nansemond County, Va., Fernald, 
Long, and Clement 15191. 

(17) Paspalum stramineum Nash in Brit- 
ton, Man. 74. 1901. Nebraska [type, 
Hooker County, Rydberg 1582], Kansas, 
and Indian Territory [Oklahoma]. 

Paspalum bushii Nash, in Britton, Man. 
74. 1901. Missouri [type, Bernie, 
Bush 730}. 

Paspalum ciliatifolium var. stramineum 
Fernald, Rhodora 36: 20. 1934. Based 
on P. stramineum Nash. 

(15) Paspalum supinum Bosc ex Poir. in 
Lam., Encycl. 5: 29. 1804. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Paspalum dasyphyllum Ell., Bot. 8. C. 
and Ga. 1: 105. 1816. South Carolina. 

Paspalum setaceum var. supinum Trin., 
Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 130. 1828. Based 
on P. supinum Bose. 

Paspalum ciliatifolium var. dasyphyllum 
Chapm., Fl. South. U. S. ed. 3. 578. 
1897. Based on P. dasyphyllum Ell. 

(44) Paspalum texanum Swallen, Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 55: 94. 1942. Port 
Lavaca, Calhoun County, Tex., Mott 
261. 

(22) Paspalum unispicatum (Scribn. and 
Merr.) Nash, N. Amer. Fl. 17: 193. 
1912. Based on Panicum unispicatum 
Scribn. and Merr. 

Panicum unispicatum Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 
14. 1901. Oaxaca, Mexico, Pringle 
6717. 

(33) Paspalum urvillei Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 24. 1854. [Brazil] Dumont- 
d@’Urville. 

Paspalum ovatum var. parviflorum Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 43. 1829. Brazil, Martius. 

Paspalum velutinum Trin. ex Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 43. 1829, as synonym of P. 
ovatum var. parviflorum Nees. 

Paspalum dilatatum var. parviflorum 
Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 64. 1877. 
Pernambuco, Forsell; Lagoa Santa, 
Warming [type]. 

Paspalum virgatum var. parviflorum Doell 
in Mart., FI; Bras. 275) 89: “18772 
Brazil, Raben. 

Paspalum virgatum var. pubiflorum Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 167. 1886. 
No locality cited. [Type, Atakopus, 
La., Langlois in 1884.] 

Paspalum larranagai Arech., An. Mus. 


Nac. Montevideo 1: 60. pl. 2. 1894. 
Uruguay. 
Paspalum vaseyanum Scribn., U. S. 


Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 32. 
f, 328. 
var. pubiflorum Vasey. 

Paspalum griseum Hack. ex Corréa, FI. 
Brazil 128. 1909. Name only. Brazil 
[Glaziou 16559]. 


1899. Based on P. virgatum™ | 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


| (4) Paspalum vaginatum Swartz, Prodr. 
Veg. Ind. Occ. 21. 1788. Jamaica, 
Swartz. 

Digitaria foliosa Lag., Gen. et Sp. Nov. 4. 
1816. Habana, Cuba. 

Paspalum tristachyum WLeConte, Jour. 
Phys. Chym. 91: 285. 1820. Georgia 
[ LeConte]. 

Digitaria tristachya Schult., Mantissa 2: 
261. 1824. Based on Paspalum tris- 
tachyum LeConte. 

Paspalum brachiatum Trin. ex Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 62. 1829, as synonym of 
P. vaginatum. Martinique, Sieber. 

Paspalum foliosum Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
a 1829. Based on Digitaria foliosa 

ag. 

Paspalum kleineanum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 209. 1830. Peru, Haenke. 

Paspalum inflatum A. Rich. in Sagra, 
Hist. Cuba 11: 298. 1850. Habana, 
Cuba, Sagra. 

Paspalum didactylum Salzm. ex Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1:20. 1854, as synonym 
of P. vaginatum Swartz. Brazil, Salz- 
mann. 

Panicum vaginatum Gren. and Godr., FI. 
France 3: 462. 1855. Not P. vagi- 
natum Nees, 1829. Based on Paspalum 
vaginatum Swartz. 

Paspalum distichum var. tristachyum 
Wood, Class-book ed. 1861. 783. 1861. 
Presumably based on P. tristachyum 
LeConte. 

Paspalum  distichum var. vaginatum 
Swartz ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 
541. 1864. Based on P. vaginatum 
Swartz. 

Paspalum reptans Poir. ex Doell, in Mart., 
Fl. Bras. 22: 75. 1877, as synonym of 
P. vaginatum. 

Paspalum vaginatum var. nanum Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 75. 1877. Rio de 
Janeiro, Brazil, Glaziou 4846. 

Paspalum reimarioides Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. 665. 1883. Not P. retmarioides 
Brongn., 1830. West Florida [Chap- 
man]. 

Paspalum vaginatum var. reimarioides 
Chapmy Hl Ssouth?.U:..5.. eds, 3.5077. 
1897. Presumably based on P. rei- 
marioides Chapm. 

Paspalum distichum var. nanum Stapf in 
Dyer, Fl. Cap. 7: 371. 1898. Based 
on P. vaginatum var. nanum Doell. 

Sanguinaria vaginata Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
258. 1901. Based on Paspalum vagi- 
natum Swartz. 

(42) Paspalum virgatum L., Syst. Nat. ed. 
10. 2: 855. 1759. Jamaica. 

Paspalum virgatum var. linneanum Fligge, 
Monogr. Pasp. 190. 1810. Based on 
P. virgatum L. 

Paspalum virgatum var. jacquinianum 
Fliigge, Monogr. Pasp. 190. 1810. 
West Indies, Jacquin. 

Paspalum virgatum var. willdenowianum 


933 


Fligge, Monogr. Pasp. 190. 1810. 

Par4é, Brazil. 
Paspalum virgatum var.  stramineuwm 

Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 543. 1864. 


Antigua, Wullschlaegel [the other speci- 
men cited belongs to P. arundinaceum 
Jeteyee. Ih, 

Paspalum leucocheilum Wright, An. Acad. 
Cienc. Habana 8: 208. 1871; Fl. Cub. 
194. 1873. Isla de Pinos, Blain. 

Paspalum virgatum var. ciliatum Doell in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 27: 88. 1877. Based 
on P. virgatum var. linneanum Fligge. 

(29) Paspalum virletii Fourn. Mex. Pl. 2: 
12. 1886. San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 
“Virlet 13829” [error for 1319]. 


(144) PENNISETUM L. Rich. 


Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1: 303. 1825. Based on 
Panicum alopecuroides L. 

Panicum alopecuroides L., Sp. Pl. 55. 
1753. China. 

Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 

iS. 1827. Based on Cenchrus ciliaris 


Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. 2: 302. 
1771. Cape of Good Hope, Africa, 
Koenig. 

(6) Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex 
Chiov., Ann. Ist. Bot. Roma 8: 41. 
1903. Abyssinia. 

Pennisetum longistylum var. clandestinum 
Leeke, Ztschr. Naturwiss. 79:28. 1907. 
Based on P. clandestinum Hochst. 

(1) Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br., 


Prodr Pl. Nov. Holl 1: 195; . 1810: 
Based on Panicum glaucum L. 
Panicum glaucum L., Sp. Pl. 56. 1753.28 


India. 

Holcus spicatus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
1305. 1759. India. 

Pennisetum typhoideum LL. Rich. in Pers., 
Syn. Pl. 1: 72. 1805. Based on Holcus 
spicatus L. 

Penicillaria spicata Willd., Enum. PI. 
1037. 1809. Based on Holcus spicatus 
L. 

Setaria glauca Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 51, 
178. 1812. Based on Panicum glaucum 
L., but misapplied to S. lutescens 
(Weig.) Hubb. 

Pennisetum spicatum Willd. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 499. 1817, as 
synonym of Penicillaria spicata Willd. 
Koern., in Koern. and Wern., Handb. 
Getreidebau. 1: 284. 1885. Based on 
Holcus spicatus L. 

Panicum spicatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 
286. 1820. Based on Holcus spicatus L. 

Penicillaria typhoidea Fig. and DeNot., 
Agrost. Aegypt. Frag. 55. 1853. Based 
on Pennisetum typhoideum “Delile” 
(same as L. Rich.). 

Chamaeraphis glauca Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 


23 For discussion of this name see Chase, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 8: 41-49. 1921. 


934 


Pl. 2: 767. 1891. Based on Panicum 
glaucum L., but misapplied to Setaria 
lutescens (Weig.) acee: 

Pennisetum spicatum var. typhoideum 
Dur. and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 785. 
1894. Based on Penicillaria typhoidea 
Fig. and DeNot. 

Izxophorus glaucus Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 428. 1895. Based on Panicum 
glaucum L., but misapplied to Setaria 
lutescens (Weig.) Hubb. 


Chaetochloa glauca Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. - 


Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum glaucum L., but 
misapplied to Setaria lutescens (Wieg.) 
Hubb. 

Pennisetum americanum Schum. (in Engl. 
Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. 5B: 51. 1895), based 
on Panicum americanum L. (Sp. Pl. 56. 
1753) has been used for this species, but the 
Linnaean name was based on an _ uni- 
dentifiable figure in Clusius (Rar. Pl. Hist. 
2-2 15.. 1601). 

Pennisetum latifolium Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
302. 1825. Montevideo, Sello. 

Pennisetum macrostachyum  (Brongn.) 
Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. 
Nat. 1: 177. 1834. Based on Gymno- 
thrix macrostachys Brongn. 

Gymnothrix macrostachys Brongn. in Du- 
perrey, Bot. Voy. Coquille 2?: 104. 
pl. 10. 1830. Moluccas. 

(3) Pennisetum nervosum (Nees) Trin., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
1: 177. 1834. Based on Gymnothrix 
nervosa Nees. 

Gymnothrix nervosa Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
277. 1829. Bahia, Brazil. 

Cenchrus nervosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
32: 347. 1898. Based on Gymnothrix 
nervosa Nees. 

Pennisetum purpureum Schumach., Beskr. 
Guin. Pl. 64. 1827. Guinea, Africa. 

(5) Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov., 
Soc. Bot. Ital. Bul. 1923: 118. 1923. 
Based on Phalaris setacea Forsk. 

Phalaris setacea Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 
17. 1775. Arabia. 

Pennisetum ruppelit Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum. 1: 107. 1854. Abyssinia. 

(2) Pennisetum setosum (Swartz) L. Rich. 
in Pers., Syn. Pl. 1:72. 1805. Based on 
Cenchrus setosus Swartz. 

Cenchrus setosus Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Occ. 26. 1788. West Indies. 

Panicum cenchroides L. Rich., Act. Soc. 
ist. Nat. (Paris) i) 1063" 41792: 
French Guiana, Leblond. 

Panicum erubescens Willd., Enum. Hort. 
Berol. 1031. 1809. St. Thomas. 

Setaria erubescens Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 51, 
169, 178. 1812. Based on Panicum 
erubescens Willd. 

Pennisetum purpurascens H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1:. 113. 18152. Jorullo, 
Mexico, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Pennisetum uniflorum H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


et Sp. 1: 114. pl. 34. 1815. Venezuela, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Setaria cenchroides Roem. and Schult., | 
Syst. Veg. 2: 495. 1817. Based on | 
Panicum cenchroides L. Rich. | 

Gymnothrix geniculata Schult., Mantissa — 
2: 284. 1824. Martinique, Sieber. 

Pennisetum  alopecuroides Desv. ex | 
Hamilt., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 11. 1825; 
Not P. alopecuroides Spreng., 1825. 
West Indies. 

Pennisetum erubescens Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 215. 1827. Based on Panicum | 
erubescens Willd. | 

Pennisetum hirsutum Nees, Agrost. Bras. | 


284. 1829. Brazil [Martius]. 

Pennisetum pallidum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
285. 1829. Minas Geraes, Brazil, 
[Martius]. 


Pennisetum richardi Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 49. 1829. Based on Panicum cen- | 
chroides L. Rich. 

Pennisetum sieberit Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: © 
50. 1829. Based on Gymnothrix gent- 
culata Schult. 


~ Pennisetum flavescens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 


316. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 

Pennisetum hamiltonii Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 297. 1841. Based on 2 
alopecuroides Desv. ex Hamilt. 

Pennisetum nicaraguense Fourn., Soc. Bot. | 
France Bul. II. 27: 293. 1880. Gra- | 
nada, Nicaragua, Levy 1304. 

Pennisetum indicum var. purpurascens 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 787. 1891. 
Based on Pennisetum purpurascens 

K 


(4) Pennisetum villosum R. Br. in Salt, 
Voy. Abyss. App. 62. 1814, name only; 
in Fres., Mus. Senckenb. Abh. 2: 184. 
1837. Abyssinia. 

Cenchrus villosus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
32: 347. 1898. Not C. villosus Spreng., 
1825. Based on Pennisetum villosum 
RaoBr 


(118) PHALARIS L. 


(6) Phalaris angusta Nees ex Trin., Gram. 
Icon. 1: pl. 78. 1827. Uruguay and 
southern Brazil. 

Phalaris ludoviciana Torr. ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 56. 
1839, as synonym of P. angusta Nees. 

Phalaris laxa Spreng. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 315. 1841, as synonym 
of P. angusta Nees. 

Phalaris intermedia var. angusta Chapm., 
Fl. South. U. S. 569. 1860. Based on 
P. angusta Nees. 

Phalaris intermedia var. angustata Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 182. 1896. “P. 
angustata Hort.” [San Diego] Calif., 
Pringle in 1882. 

(9) Phalaris arundinacea L., Sp. Pl. 55. 
1753. Europe. (P. arundinacea Michx., 
listed in Index Kewensis, is the Lin- 
naean species. ) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 935 


Arundo colorata Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 116. 
1789. Based on Phalaris arundinacea L. 

Typhoides arundinacea Moench, Meth. PI. 
202. 1794. Based on Phalaris arun- 
dinacea L. 

Calamagrostis variegata With., Bot. Arr. 
Veg. Brit. ed. 3. 2: 124. 1796. Based 
on Phalaris arundinacea L. 

Arundo riparia Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 24. 
1796. Based on Phalaris arundinacea L. 

Baldingera colorata Gaertn., Mey., and 
Scherb., Fl. Wett. 1: 96. 1799. Based 
on Phalaris arundinacea L. 

Digraphis arundinacea Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 127. 1820. Based on Phalaris 
arundinacea L. 

Baldingera arundinacea Dum., Obs. Gram. 
Belg. 130. pl. 10. f. 40. 1823. Based on 
Phalaris arundinacea L. 

Digraphis americana Ell. ex Loud., Hort. 
Brit. 27. 1830. No description, Pha- 
laris arundinacea Michx. cited, Loudon 
assuming the American form to be dis- 
tinct from the European and that 
Phalaris americana Ell. was the same 
as the American P. arundinacea. 

Endallex arundinacea Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 839. 18938, as synonym of 
Phalaris arundinacea L. 

PHALARIS ARUNDINACEA var. PiIcTA L., Sp. 
Pl. 55. 1753. Europe. 

Phalaris americana var. picta Eaton and 
Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8.352. 1840. 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, 
Ontario. 

Phalaris arundinacea var. variegata Par- 
nell, Grasses Brit. 188. pl. 82. 1845. 
Scotland. 

Digraphis arundinacea var. picta Pacher, 
Jahrb. Nat. Landesmus. Karnt. 14: 119. 
1880. Presumably based on Phalaris 
arundinacea var. picta L. 

(3) Phalaris brachystachys Link, Neu. Jour. 
Bot. Schrad. 1%: 134. 1806. Based on 
P. canariensis as described by Brotero 
(Fl. Lusit. 1:79. 1804). Portugal. 

Phalaris canariensis var. brachystachys 
Fedtsch., Jard. Bot. Prin. U. R. 8. 8. 
[Pierre le Grand] Bul. 14 (sup. 2): 
47. 1915. Based on P. brachystachys 
Link. 

(8) Phalaris californica Hook. and Arn., 
Bot. Beechey Voy. 161. 1841. Cali- 
fornia. This is the species referred to P. 
amethystina Trin., of Chile, by Thurber 
and others. 

(2) Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl. 54. 
1753. Southern Europe and the Ca- 
nary Islands. 

Phalaris avicularis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 
17. 1796. Based on P. canariensis L. 

(5) Phalaris caroliniana Walt., Fl. Carol. 74. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Phalaris intermedia Bosc. ex Poir. in Lam., 
Encycel. Sup. 1: 300. 1810. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Phalaris microstachya DC., Cat. Hort. 


Monsp. 131. 1813. South Carolina, 
Fraser; Bosc. 

Phalaris americana Ell., Bot. S. C. and 
Gatie WOR plo: ti 4 1St6s south 
Carolina. 

Phalaris occidentalis Nutt., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. (n.s.) 5: 144. 1837. Fort 
Smith, Ark., on the Arkansas to Red 
River [ Nuttall]. 

Phalaris trivialis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 


Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 31: 55. 1839. 
Charleston, 8. C., Beyrich. 
Phalaris intermedia var. microstachya 


Vasey ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 2: 512. 1894. Based on 
P. microstachya DC. 

(7) Phalaris lemmoni Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 42. 1892. Santa 
Cruz, Calif., Lemmon. 

(4) Phalaris minor Retz., Obs. Bot. 3: 8. 
1783. Orient. 

(1) Phalaris paradoxa L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 2: 
1665. 1763. Mediterranean region. 
PHALARIS PARADOXA Var. PRAEMORSA (Lam.) 
Coss. and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 25. 

1854. Based on P. praemorsa Lam. 

Phalaris praemorsa Lam., Fl. Frane. 3: 
566. 1778. France. 

Phalaris tuberosa L., Mant. Pl. 2: 557. 
1771. Europe. 

PHALARIS TUBEROSA var. STENOPTERA 
(Hack.) Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 
24: 292. 1934. Based on P. stenoptera 
Hack. 

Phalaris stenoptera Hack., Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 5: 333. 1908. Melbourne, 
Australia, Ewart, cultivated. This 
species has been referred to P. bulbosa 
(see under Phleum subulatum). 


(125) PHARUS L. 


(1) Pharus parvifolius Nash, Torrey Bot. - 
Club Bul. 35: 301. 1908. Haiti, Nash 
and Taylor 1482. 

This is the species described under Pharus 
latifolius L. by Chapman. 


(72) PHIPPSIA (Trin.) R. Br. 


(1) Phippsia algida (Phipps) R. Br., Chlor. 
Melv. 27. 1823. Based on Agrostis 
algida Phipps. 

Agrostis algida Phipps, Voy. 200. 
Arctic regions. 

Trichodium algidum Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 2838. 1817. Based on 
Agrostis algida Wahl. [The same as A. 
algida Phipps.] 

Colpodium monandrum Trin. in Spreng., 
Neu. Entd. 2: 37. 1821. Based on 
Agrostis algida Phipps. 

Vilfa algida Trin., Gram. Unifl. 159. 
1824. Based on Agrostis algida Phipps. 

Vilfa monandra Trin., Gram. Unifl. 159. 
1824. “Sin. Laurentii” [probably St. 
Lawrence Island, Alaska], Chamisso. 

Phippsia monandra Trin., Gram. Unifl. 


1774. 


936 


159. 1824, as synonym of Vilfa 
monandra Trin.; Hook. and Arn., Bot. 
Beechey Voy. 132. 1841. Based on 
Vilfa monandra Trin. 

Catabrosa algida Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. 
Mant. 3: Add. 173, 174. 1843. Based 
on Agrostis algida Phipps. 

Poa algida Rupr., Fl. Samo}. Cisural. 61. 
1845. Not P. algida Trin. Based on 
Agrostis algida Phipps. 


(79) PHLEUM L. 


(2) Phleum alpinum L., Sp. Pl. 59. 
Europe. 

Phleum haenkeanum Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
245. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Phleum pratense var. alpinum Celak., 
Prodr. Fl. B6hm. 38. 1869. Based on 
P. alpinum L. 

Phleum alpinum var. americanum Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 90. 1886. Nootka Sound, 
Vancouver Island, Haenke. 

Phleum alpinum var. scribnerianum Pam- 
mel, Davenport Acad. Sci. Proe. 7: 238. 
1899. Geranium Park, Wyo., Pammel 6. 

Plantinia alpina Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 272. 
1901. Based on Phleum alpinum L. 

Phleum arenarium L., Sp. Pl. 60. 1753. 
Europe. 

Phleum paniculatum Huds., Fl. Angl. 23. 
1762. England. 

Phalaris aspera Retz., Obs. Bot. 4: 14. 
1786. Europe. 

Phleum asperum Jacq., Col. Bot. 1: 110. 
1786. Europe. 

Plantinia aspera Bubani, Nuov. Gior. 
Bot. Ital. 5: 317. 1873. Based on 
Phleum asperum L. (error for Jacq.) 

(1) Phleum pratense L., Sp. Pl. 59. 1758. 
Europe. 

Phleum nodosum var. pratense St. Amans, 
Fl. Agen. 28. 1821. Based on P. 
pratense L. 

Plantinia pratensis Bubani, Fl. Pyr. 4: 
270. 1901. Based on Phlewm pratense 
Huds. (error for L.). 

Stelephuras pratensis Lunell, Amer. Mid]. 
Nat. 4: 216. 1915. Based on Phleum 
pratense L. 

Phleum subulatum (Savi) Aschers. and 
Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2: 154. 
1899. Based on Phalaris subulata Savi. 

Phalaris bulbosa L., Cent. Pl. 1:4. 1755; 


1753. 


Amoen. Acad. 4: 264. 1759. Not 
Phleum bulbosum Gouan, 1765. ‘In 
Oriente.” 


Phalaris subulata Savi, Fl. Pis. 1: 57. 
1798. Italy. 

Phalaris bellardi Willd., Ges. Naturf. 
Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 3: 415. 
1801. Europe. 

Phalaris tenuis Host, Gram. Austr. 2: 27. 
pl. 86. 1802. Europe. 

Phleum tenue Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 191. 
1806. Based on Phalaris tenue Host. 

Phleum bellardi Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 85. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1809. Based on Phalaris bellardi Willd. 

Phleum bulbosum Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 37. 
1890. Not P. bulbosum Gouan, 1765. 
Based on Phalaris bulbosa L. 


(28) PHRAGMITES Trin. 


(1) Phragmites communis Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 1384. 1820. Based on Arundo 
phragmites L. 

Arundo phragmites L., Sp. Pl. 81. 1758. 
Europe. 

Arundo vulgaris Lam., Fl. Frang. 3: 615. 
1778. Based on A. phragmites L. The 
name is untenable. 

Arundo palustris Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 24. 
1796. Based on A. phragmites L. 

Reimaria diffusa Spreng., Neu. Entd. 3: 
14. 1822. Martinique, Sieber [81]. 

Cynodon phragmites Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on 
Arundo phragmites L. 

Phragmites vulgaris Crép., Man. FI. Belg. 
ed. 2. 345. 1866. Based on Arundo 
vulgaris Lam., an untenable name. 

Phragmites berlandiert Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 24: 178. 1877. Laredo, 
Tex., Berlandier 1446. 

Phragmites phragmites Karst., Deut. FI. 
379. 1883. Based on Arundo phrag- 
mites L. 

Trichoon phragmites Rendle, Cat. Afr. 
Pl. Welw. 2!: 218. 1899. Based on 
Arunde phragmites L. 

Oxyanthe phragmites Nieuwl., Amer. Mid. 


Nat. 3: 382. 1914. Based on Arundo 
phragmites L. 
Phragmites communis var. berlandieri 


Fernald, Rhodora 34: 211. 1925. Based 
on P, berlandiert Fourn. 
Phragmites maximus var. 
Moldenke, Torreya 36: 98. 
Based on P. berlandiert Fourn. 


berlandieri 
1936. 


PHYLLOSTACHYS Sieb. and Zuce. 


Phyllostachys aurea A. and C. Riviere, Soc. 
Accliim: Bul. 111. 5:-716; dt. S6.921873: 
Hamma, Tunis. 

Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. and Zucc., 
Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 746. pl. 
5. f.3. 1848. Japan. . 


(90) PIPTOCHAETIUM Presl 


(1) Piptochaetium fimbriatum (H. B. K.) 
Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 
1933. Based on Stipa fimbriata H. B. K. 

Stipa fimbriata H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1:126. 1815. Guanajuato, Mexico, 
Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Milium mexicanum Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
251. 1825. Mexico, Humboldt. 

Piptatherum mexicanum Schult., Mantissa 
3 (Add. 1): 564. 1827. Based on Milium 
mexicanum Spreng. 

Avena stipoides Willd. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 146. 1841, as synonym 
of Milium mexicanum Spreng. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Oryzopsis fimbriata Hemsl., Biol. Centr. 
Amer. Bot. 3: 538. 1885. Based on 
Stipa fimbriata H. B. K. 

Oryzopsis selert Pilger, Verh. Bot. Ver. 
Brand. 51: 192. 1909. Guatemala, 
Seler 3238. 

Piptochaetium fimbriatum var. confine I. 
M. Johnston, Arnold Arb. Jour. 24: 396. 
1943. Coahuila, Mexico, Johnston and 
Muller 486. 


(10) PLEUROPOGON R. Br. 


(1) Pleuropogon californicus (Nees) Benth. 
ex Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 40. 1883. 
Based on Lophochlaena californica Nees. 

Lophochlaena californica Nees, Ann. Nat. 
Hist. 1: 283. 1838. California [Doug- 
las]. 

Pleuropogon douglasii Trin. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 355. 1841. Name 
only, North America. 

Lepitoma brevifolia Torr. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 355. 1841, as synonym 
of Pleuropogon douglasit Trin. 

(4) Pleuropogon davyi Benson, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 28: 360. 1941. Kelseyville, Calif., 
Benson 3666. 

(3) Pleuropogon hooverianus (Benson) J. 
T. Howell, West. Bot. Leaflets 4: 247. 
1946. Based on P. refractus var. hooveri- 
anus Benson. 

Pleuropogon refractus var. hooverianus 
Benson, Amer. Jour. Bot. 28: 360. 
1941. Mendocino County, Calif., Davy 
6626. 

(5) Pleuropogon oregonus Chase, Wash. 
ACA OClaedOUn2os502. £0 1... 1938: 
Union, Oreg., Leckenby in 1901. 

(2) Pleuropogon refractus (A. Gray) Benth. 
ex Vasey, Grasses U. 8S. 40. 1883. 
Based on Lophochlaena refracta A. 
Gray. 

Lophochlaena refracta A. Gray, Amer. 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 8: 409. 1872. Oregon 
[| Hall 636]. 


(12) POA L. 


(45) Poa alpina L., Sp. Pl. 67. 
Lapland. 

Uralepis mutica Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 110. 
1886. Not U. mutica Fourn. ex Hemsl. 
1885. Mexico, Liebmann 611. 

Poa alpina var. minor Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 548. 1896. Not 
P. alpina var. minor Koch, 1837. Mon- 
tana, Scribner [388] in 1883. 

(25) Poa alsodes A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 562. 
1856. New England to Wisconsin. 
[Type, New Hampshire. ] 

Poa dinantha Wood, Class-book et. 
1861. 797. 1861. Montgomery, Ala. 

This species was described as Poa nemor- 

alis L., in Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. U. S. 

eile 823: 

(69) Poa ampla Merr., Rhodora 4: 145. 
1902. Steptoe, Wash.,G. R. Vasey 3009. 


1753. 


937 


Poa laeviculmis Williams, Bot. Gaz. 36: 
55. 1908. Several specimens from 
Washington and Oregon mentioned, the 
ae being Steptoe, Wash., G. R. Vasey 

026. 

Poa truncata Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 607. 1905. Dillon, Colo., 
Clements 3738. 

Poa confusa Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 607. 1905. Medicine Bow 
Mountains, Wyo., Nelson 7787. 

(5) Poaannua L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. Europe. 

Aira pumila Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 76. 
1814. Pennsylvania. 

Poa infirma H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1: 
158. 1816. Colombia, Humboldt and 
Bonpland. 

Megastachya infirma Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 585. 1817. Based on Poa 
infirma H. B. K. 

Catabrosa pumila Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 696. 1817. Based on 
Aira pumila Pursh. 

Poa aestivalis Pres], Rel. Haenk. 1: 272. 
1830. Peru, Haenke. 

Eragrostis infirma Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2.1: 563. 1840. Based on Poa infirma 
FSB. Ke 

Poa annua var. aquatica Aschers., FI. 
Prov. Brandenb. 1: 844. 1864. Ger- 
many. 

Poa annua var. rigidiuscula L. H. Dewey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 262. 
1895. Nez Perce County, Idaho, Sand- 
berg 134. 

(7) Poa arachnifera Torr. in Marcy, Expl. 
Red Riv. 301. 1853. Headwaters of 
the Trinity River [Ark., Marcy Exped.]. 

Poa densiflora Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 96. 1862. Northern 
Texas. 

Poa arachnifera var. glabrata Vasey, 
Grasses U. 8S. Descr. Cat. 79. 1885, 
name only, [for staminate plants with 
glabrous spikelets]; Vasey ex Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2:535. 1896. [Texas, 
Buckley in 1881.] 

Poa glabrescens Nash in Small, Fl. South- 
east. U. S. 154, 1827. 1903. Based on 
P. arachnifera var. glabrata Torr. (error 
for Vasey). 

(22) Poa arctica R. Br., Sup. App. Parry’s 
Voy. 288 (err. typ. 188). 1828. Mel- 
ville Island, Arctic America, Parry. 
Poa grayana Vasey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib: 1: 272: 18938. Grays Peak, 

Colo., Patterson 14 in 1885. 

Poa lazxa occidentalis Vasey ex Rydb. and 
Shear, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 5:32. 1897. Name only, for Shear 
on and Rydberg 2440, Grays Peak, 

olo. 

Poa longipila Nash in Rydb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Mem. 1: 46. 1900. Electric 
Peak, Yellowstone Park, Rydberg 3614. 

Poa alpicola Nash in Rydb., N. Y. Bot. 
Gard. Mem. 1: 47. 1900. Based on P. 


938 


laxa Haenke as misapplied by Thurber 
(in Watson, Bot. Calif. 2: 312. 1880). 

Poa williamsii Nash, N.Y. Bot. Gard. Bul. 
2: 156. 1901. White Pass, Alaska, 
Williams in 1899. 

Poa aperta Scribn. and Merr., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 35: 4. 1901. 
Telluride, Colo., Shear 98. 

Poa callichroa Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 603. 1905. Dead Lake, near 
Pikes Peak, Colo., Clements 457. 

Poa phoenicea Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 605. 1905. Pikes Peak Valley, 
Colo., Clements 466. 

Poa tricholepis Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 606. 1905. Pagosa Peak, 
Colo., Baker 210. 

Poa chionogenes Gandog., Soc. Bot. France 
Bul. 667: 302. 1920. Grays Peak, 
Colo., Crandall [in 1898]. 

Colorado specimens of this species have 
been described as Poa cenisia All. by 
American authors. 

(20) Poa arida Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 270. 1893. Socorro, N. 
Mex., G. R. Vasey in 1881. 

Poa andina Nutt. ex §. Wats. in King, 
Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 388. 1871. Not 
P, andina Trin., 1836. “Colorado, East 
and West Humboldt Mountains and in 
Clover Mountains, Nevada; also in the 
Trinity Mountains, Watson 1319.” The 
name is given as P. andina “‘Nutt., Ms. 
in Herb. (not of Trin:).”? 

Poa californica Munro ex Coulter, Man. 
Rocky Mount. 420. 1885. Not P. 
californica Steud., 1854. Based on P. 
andina Nutt. 

Poa andina var. purpurea Vasey ex 
Macoun, Can. Pl. Cat. 24: 223. 1888. 
Name only, for Macoun 92, Red Deer 
Lakes, Alberta. 

Poa sheldoni Vasey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 276. 1898. Buena Vista, 
Colo., Sheldon 615. 

Poa pseudopratensis Scribn. and Rydb., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 581. pl. 
20. 1896. Not P. pseudopratensis 
Beyer, 1819. Hot Springs, S. Dak., 
Rydberg 1151. 

Poa pratericola Rydb. and Nash, N. Y. 
Bot. Gard. Mem. 1: 51. 1900. Based 
on P. arida Vasey. 

Poa fendleriana var. arida Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. Based on 
P. arida Vasey, not P. pratensis var. 
arida Parnell, 1842. 

Poa pratensis var. pseudopratensis Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 15.° 1912. 
Based on P. pseudopratensis Scribn. 
and Rydb. 

Paneion aridum Lunell, Amer. Mid]. Nat. 
4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa arida 
Vasey. 

Paneion pratericola Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 223. 1915. Based on Poa 
pratericola Rydb. and Nash. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Poa pratensiformis Rydb., Fl. Rocky — 
Mount. 79. 1917. Based on P. pseudo- 
pratensis Scribn. and Rydb. 

Poa overt Rydb., Brittonia 1: 84. 1931. 
Custer County, S. Dak., Over 18100. 

(13) Poa atropurpurea Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 53. pl. 10. 
1898. Bear Valley, San Bernardino 
Mountains, Calif., Parish 2968. 

(44) Poa autumnalis Muhl. ex Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 159. 1816. Columbia, 
8S. C., Herbemont. 

Poa flexuosa Muhl., Descr. Gram. 148. 
1817. Not P. flexuosa Smith, 1800. 
Virginia, Carolina, and Cherokee [Ten- 
metick Name only, Muhl. Cat. Pl. 11. 

813. 

Poa campyle Schult., Mantissa 2: 304. 
1824 Based on P. fleruosa Muhl. 

Poa elliottii Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 338. 
1825. Based on P. autumnalis Muhl. 

Poa vestita Bosc. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2. 2: 363. 1841. Name only. Carolina. 

Poa hexantha Wood, Class-book ed. 1861. 
797. 1861. Atlanta, Ga. 

(3) Poa bigelovii Vasey and Scribn. in 
Vasey, Grasses U. S. Descr. Cat. 81. 
1885. Based on P. annua var. stricta 
Vasey. 

Poa annua var. stricta Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 10: 31. 1883. Rillita River, 
Ariz., Pringle. 

(1) Poa bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 
1882. [Yosemite National Park] Calif., 
Bolander 6115. 

Poa howellii chandleri Davy, Calif. Univ. 
Pubs., Bot. 1: 60. 1902. Siskiyou 
County, Calif., Chandler 1703. 

Poa bolanderi chandleri Piper, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 182. 1906. Based 
on P. howellit chandlert Davy. 

Poa horneri St. John, Fl. Southeast. Wash. 
and Adj. Idaho 54. 1937. Columbia 
County, Wash., Darlington in 1918. 

(86) Poa bulbosa L., Sp. Pl. 70. 1753. 
France. 

Poa bulbosa var. vivipara Koel., Descr. 
Gram. 189. 1802. Europe. 

Paneion bulbosum var. viviparum Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Based 
on Poa bulbosum var. vivipara Koch 
(same as Koel.). 

(65) Poa canbyi (Scribn.) Piper, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 182. 1906. Based 
on Glyceria canbyt Scribn. 

Aira brevifolia Pursh, F]. Amer. Sept. 1: 
76, 1814. Not Poa brevifolia DC., 
1806. Plains of the Missouri, Lewzs. 

Airopsis brevifolia Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2:578. 1817. Based on Aira 
brevifolia Pursh. 

Poa tenuifolia Nutt. in S. Wats. in King, 
Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 387. 1871. 
Not. P. tenuifolia L. Rich., 1851. 
Nevada, Watson 1318. 

Poa tenuifolia var. rigida Vasey in Rothr., 
in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 100th 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Merid. Rpt. 6: 290. 1878. Name only. 
Nevada and Colorado [Wolf] 1138, 1140. 
Poa tenuifolia var. elongaia Vasey in 
Rothr., in Wheeler, U. 8S. Survey W. 


100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 290. 1878. 
Nevada, Colorado [Twin Lakes, Wolf] 
1141. 


Glyceria canbyi Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10:77. 1883. Cascade Mountains, 
Wash., Tweedy and Brandegee in 1882. 

Aira missurica Spreng. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 1: 68. 1898, as synonym of A. 
brevifolia Pursh, erroneously credited to 
“Spreng. Syst. 2: 578.” Aira brevifolia 
Pursh is given in Spreng., Syst. 1: 276. 
1825. 

Poa laevis Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib., 1: 273. 1893. Not P. laevis 
R. Br., 1810. Montana, Scribner in 
1883. 

Poa lucida Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib., 1: 274. 1893. Georgetown, 
Colo., Patterson 73. 

Atropis laevis Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
577. 1896. Based on Poa laevis Vasey. 

Atropis laevis var. rigida Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 578. 1896. Utah, Jones. 

Atropis canbyi Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
580. 1896. Based on Glyceria canbyti 
Scribn. 

Poa laevigata Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 31. 1897. Based 
on P. laevis Vasey. 

Poa wyomingensis Scribn., Davenport 
Acad. Sci. Proc. 7: 242. 1899. Big 
Horn, Sheridan County, Wyo., Pammel 


192. 

Poa leckenbyi Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 2. 1899. Scott, 
Klickitat County, Wash., Leckenby in 
1898. 

Poa hellert Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
36: 534. 1909. Lake Waha, Idaho, 
Heller 3274. 

Poa buckleyana var. elongata Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. Based on 
“P. andina var. elongata Vasey,” error 
for P. tenuifolia var. elongata Vasey. 

Poa nevadensis var. laevigata Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. Based on 
P. laevigata Scribn. 

Poa nevadensis var. leckenbyt Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. Based on 
P. leckenbyt Scribn. 

(41) Poa chaixii Vill., Fl. Delph. 7. 1785. 
Dauphiné, France. 

(4) Poa chapmaniana Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 21: 38. 1894. Knoxville, 
Tenn., Scribner. ‘“‘P. cristata Chapm. 
not Walter’ cited as synonym, but 
what Chapman described as Poa cristata 
Walt. is dubious. Scribner’s description 
is ample, and the type is in the National 
Herbarium. 

(6) Poa compressa L., Sp. Pl. 69. 1753. 
Europe and North America. 

Poa compressa var. sylvestris Torr., FI. 


939 
North. and Mid. U. 8. 1: 110. 18923. 
New York. : 

Poa compressa forma depauperata Millsp., 
Fl. W. Va. 472. 1892. Monongalia, 
along Falling Run, W. Va. 

Paneion compressum Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa 
compressa L. 

(10) Poa confinis Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 75. 1893. Ore- 
gon to Alaska [type Tillamook Bay, 
Oreg., Howell 69 in 1882]. 

(14) Poa curta Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 534. 1909. Spread Creek 
[Jackson Hole], Wyo., Tweedy 13. 

(67) Poa curtifolia Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 16: 3. 1899. Mount 
Sat Wash., Hlmer 1148 [type] and 

(53) Poa cusickii Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
rene 1:271. 1898. Oregon, Cusick 

Poa filifolia Vasey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 271. 1893. Hatwai Creek, 
ms Perce County, Idaho, Sandberg 

Poa idahoensis Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
539, 1896. Based on P. filifolia Vasey, 
not P. filifolia Schur, that name, how- 
ever, published as synonym only. 

Poa subaristata Scribn. in Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 533. 1896. Not P. subaris- 
tata Phil., 1896 [earlier than P. sub- 
aristata Scribn.]. Yellowstone Park, 


Tweedy 633. 
Poa scabrifolia Heller, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 24: 310. 1897. Based on P. 


jfilifolia Vasey. 

Poa spillmani Piper, Erythea 7: 102. 
1899. Douglas County, Wash., Spillman 
in 1896. 

Poa capillarifolia Scribn. and Williams, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 1. 
1899. California, Hansen 2614. 

Poa cottoni Piper, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 
18:146. 1905. Rattlesnake Mountains, 
Yakima County, Wash., Cotton 557. 

Poa nematophylla Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 606. 1905. Meeker, 
Colo., Osterhout 2601. | 

Poa scaberrima Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 534. 1909. Beaver Canyon, 
Idaho, Rydberg 2055. 

(19) Poa cuspidata Nutt. in Barton, Com- 
pend. FI]. Phila. 1:61. 1818. Based on 
P. pungens Nutt. 

Aira triflora Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 
153. 1816. Not Poa triflora Gilib., 
1792. Athens, Ga., Green. 


_ Poa brevifolia Muhl., Descr. Gram. 138. 


1817. Not P. brevifolia DC., 1806. 
Pennsylvania. Name only, Muhl., Cat. 
Pl: 11. 1818. 

Poa trinervata Willd. ex Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 188. 1817, as synonym of Poa 
brevifolia Muhl. 

Poa pungens Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:66. 1818. 


940 


Not P. pungens Georgi, 1800, nor Bieb., 
1808. Near Philadelphia. 

Poa brachyphylla Schult., Mantissa 2: 304. 
1824. Based on P. brevifolia Muhl. 

Triodia greenit Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
330. 1825. Based on Aira triflora Ell. 

Graphephorum elliottii Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 80. 1829. Based on Aira 
triflora Ell. 

Graphephorum melicoides var. triflorum 
Wood, Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 398. 
1871. Based on Aira triflora Ell. 

(9) Poa douglasii Nees, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 
284. 1838. California, Douglas. 

Brizopyrum douglasii Hook. and Arn., 
Bot. Beechey Voy. Suppl. 404. 1840. 
Based on Poa douglasii Nees. 

Poa californica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
261. 1854. California. 

(56) Poa epilis Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 5. 1899. Buffalo 
Pass, Colo., Shear and Bessey 1457. 

Poa purpurascens Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 6: 
297. 1881. Not P. purpurascens 
Spreng., 1819. Mount Hood, Howell [in 
1881]. 

Poa alpina var. purpurascens Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 548. 1896. Based 
on P. purpurascens Vasey. 

Poa paddensis Williams, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 17 (ed. 2): 261 f. 557. 
1901. Based on P. purpurascens Vasey. 

Poa subpurpurea Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 82: 606. 1905. Based on P. 
purpurascens Vasey. 

Poa purpurascens var. epilis Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. Based on 
P. epilis Scribn. 

(42) Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 74. 
1893. Based on Eragrostis fendleriana 
Steud. 

Eragrostis fendleriana Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 278. 1854. ‘‘Mexico”’ [now 
New Mexico], Fendler 932. 

Uralepis poaeoides Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 94. 1862. New 
Mexico, Fendler 982. 

Atropis californica Munro ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 336. 
1862. California, Douglas in 1833. 

Poa eatoni S. Wats. in King, Geol. Expl. 
40th Par. 5: 386. 1871. Wasatch 
Mountains, Utah, Eaton [in 1869]. 

Poa andina var. major Vasey in Rothr., 
in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 100th 
Merid. Rpt. 6: 290. 1878. Arizona; 
Colorado. 

Poa andina var. spicata Vasey in Rothr., 
in Wheeler, U. S. Survey W. 100th 
Merid. Rpt. 6: 290. 1878. Colorado, 
[Wolf] 1135. 

Atropis californica Munro ex Thurb. in 8. 
Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 309. 1880. Near 
San Francisco, Bolander; Monterey, 
Hartweg. 

Poa californica Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Bul. 10: 31. 1883. Not P. californica 
Steud., 1854. Based on Atropis cali- 
fornica Munro. 

Panicularia fendleriana Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 782. 1891. Based on Era- 
grostis fendleriana Steud. 

Atropis fendleriana Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 576. 1896. Based on Era- 
grostis fendleriana Steud. 

Poa fendleriana spicata Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 31. 
1897. Based on P. arida var. spicata 
Vasey, error for P. andina var. spicata 
Vasey. 

Poa longepedunculata Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 54. pl. 11. 
1898. Laramie, Wyo., Nelson [8292]. 

Poa brevipaniculata Scribn. and Williams, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 2. 
1899. Table Rock, Colo., Breninger 554. 

Poa scabriuscula Williams, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 10: 4. 1899. 
Glenwood, Utah, Ward 136. 

Poa longepedunculata viridescens Williams, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 10: 
4. 1899. Sheep Mountain [near Lara- 
miel, Wyo., Williams 2302. 

Poa brevipaniculata subpallida Williams, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 10: 
5. 1899. Rocky Mountains, Colo., 
Hall and Harbour 674 in part. 

Poa fendleriana arizonica Williams, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir, 10: 5. 
1899. Yavapai Creek, Ariz., Rusby in 
1883. 

(49) Poa fernaldiana Nannf., Symb. Bot. 
Upsal.<5: 50, 55-0156) ple loa 
Mount Washington, N. H., Williams 
os Robinson (Pl. exs. Grayanae No. 
128). 

Poa laxa var. debilior Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 15. 1912. ‘The eastern 
plant,” no particular locality or speci- 
men cited. 

Described as Poa laxa Haenke in the 
Manual, ed. 1. That species is not known 
from America. 

(12) Poa fibrata Swallen, Wash. Acad. Sci. 
Jour. 30: 210. 1940. Grenada, Calif., 
Wheeler 3629. 

(47) Poa glauca Vahl, Fl. Dan. pl. 964. 
1790. Norway. 

Poa caesia J. E. Smith, Fl]. Brit. 1: 103. 
1800. England. 

Poa nemoralis var. glauca Gaud., Agrost. 
Helv. 1:182. 1811. Based on P. glauca 
Vahl. 

Poa glauca var. caesia Hartm. Handb. 
Skand. Fl. ed. 1. 57. 1820. Based on 
P. caesia J. E. Smith. 

Paneion glaucum Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa 
glauca Vahl. 

(48) Poa glaucantha Gaudin, Alpina 3: 36. 
1808. Switzerland. (Published as P. 
glaucanthos.) : 

Poa nemoralis var. glaucantha Reichenb., 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


F]. Germ. 1: 47. 1830. Based on P. 
glaucantha Gaudin. (Referred to P. 
nemoralis L., as a variety but combina- 
tion not made.) Reichenb., Icon. 1: pl. 
86. f. 1644. 1834. 

Poa glauca subsp. glaucantha Lindm., Bot. 
Not. 1926: 275. 1926. Based on P. 
glaucantha Gaudin. 

Poa tormentosa Butters and Abbe, 
Rhodora 49: 14. pl. 1052. f. 7-9. 1947. 
Minnesota, Butters, Burns, and Hen- 
drickson 2. 

Poa scopulorum Butters and Abbe, Rho- 
dora 49: 16. pl. 1051. f. 1-8. 1947. 
Cook County, Minn., Butters and Abbe 
97 


(21) Poa glaucifolia Scribn. and Williams, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 10: 
6. 1899. Based on P._ planifolia 
Scribn. and Williams. 

Poa planifolia Scribn. and Williams, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 3. 
1899. Not P. planifolia Kuntze, 1898. 
Spring Creek, Big Horn Basin, Wyo., 
Williams 2814. 

Poa plattensis Rydb., Brittonia 1: 84. 
1931. Lawrence Fork, Nebr., Rydberg 
461. 

(63) Poa gracillima Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 272. 1893. Mount 
Adams, Wash., Suksdorf 33. — 

Sporobolus bolanderi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 

~ 337. 1886. Not Poa bolanderi Vasey, 
1882. Multnomah Falls, Oreg., Bolan- 
der. [The type an overmature specimen 
from which all but the lowermost floret 
had fallen from the spikelets. ] 

Atropis tenuifolia var. stenophylla Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 580. 
1896. [Roseburg], Oreg., Howell in 1887. 

Poa saxatilis Scribn. and Williams, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 1. 
1899. Mount Rainier, Wash., Piper 
1964. 

Poa tenerrima Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 9:4. 1899. California. 

Poa invaginata Scribn. and Williams, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 6. 
1899. Summit Camp, Sierra Nevada, 
Calif. 

Poa multnomae Piper, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 4385. 1905. Multnomah Falls, 
Oreg., Piper 6459. 

Poa alcea Piper, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
32: 436. 1905. Portland, Oreg., Piper 
6463. 

Poa buckleyana var. stenophylla Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. 
Based on Atropis tenuifolia var. steno- 
phylla Vasey. 

Poa gracillima var. sazatilis Hack., Allg. 
Bot. Ztschr. 21: 79. 1915. Based on 
P. saxatilis Scribn. and Williams. 

Poa englishii St. John and Hardin, 
Mazama 11: 64. 1929. Mount Baker 
one Forest, Hardin and English 
391. 


941 


(2) Poa howellii Vasey and Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 78. 
1898. California to Oregon. [Portland, 
Howell 25 in 1881, type.] 

Poa howellit var. microsperma Vasey, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 273. 
1898. Santa Cruz, Calif., Anderson 99. 

Poa bolanderi var. howellii Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 15. 1912. Based on 
P. howellit Vasey and Scribn. 

(40) Poa interior Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 604. 1905. Headwaters of 
Clear Creek and Crazy Woman River, 
Wyo., Tweedy 3706. 

Poa coloradensis Vasey ex Pammel, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 9: 41. 
1897. Name only, for a specimen col- 
lected by Pammel in Colorado in 1895-— 
96. 

Poa subtrivialis Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 536. 1909. Big Horn Moun- 
tains, Wyo., Tweedy 2141. 

Paneion interius Lunell, Amer. Mid]. Nat. 
4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa interior 
Rydb. 

Poa nemoralis var. interior Butters and 
Abbe, Rhodora 49: 6. 1947. Based on 
P. interior Rydb. 

(52) Poa involuta Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 41: 159. 1928. Chisos Moun- 
tains, Brewster County, Tex., Ferris 
and Duncan 2811. 

(68) Poa juncifolia Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11:52. pl. 8. 
1898. Point of Rocks, Sweetwater 
County, Wyo., Nelson 3721. 

Poa brachyglossa Piper, Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 18: 145. 1905. Douglas County, 
Wash., Sandberg and Leiberg 267. 

Poa fendleriana var. juncifolia Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. 
Based on P. juncifolia Scribn. 

(16) Poa kelloggii Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Bot. Bul. 137: pl. 79. 1893. 
[Mendocino County], Calif., Bolander 
A705. 

Poa bolanderi var. kelloggit Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 15. 1912. Based on 
P. kelloggi Vasey. 

(26) Poa languida Hitchce., Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 41: 158. 1928. Based on P. 
debilis Torr. 

Poa debilis Torr., Fl. N. Y. 2: 459. 1848. 
Not P. debilis Thuill., 1799. [Gorham], 
New York. 

(17) Poa laxiflora Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci., 
Phila. Proc. 1862. 96. 1862. Columbia 
Woods, Oreg., Nuttall. 

Poa leptocoma elatior Scribn. and Merr., 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 18: 71. 
1910. Cape Fox, Alaska, T’release and 
Saunders 2982. 

Poa remissa Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 41: 158. 1928. Sol Duc Hot 
Springs, Olympic Mountains, Wash., 
Hitchcock 23468. 

(61) Poa leibergii Scribn , U. S. Dept. Agr., 


942 


Div. Agrost. Bul. 8: 6. pl. 2. 1897. 
Owyhee-Malheur Divide, Oreg., Leiberg 
PAW 

Poa hanseni Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 53. pl. 9. 1898. 
Silver Lake, Amador County, Calif., 
Hansen 605. 

Poa pringlet var. hanseni Smiley, Calif. 
Univ. Pubs., Bot. 9: 104. 1921. Based 
on P, hanseni Scribn. 

(34) Poa leptocoma Trin., Acad. St. Pét- 
ersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 
374. 1830. Sitka, Alaska, Mertens. 

Poa stenantha var. leptocoma Griseb. in 
Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 4: 373. 1853. Based 
on P. leptocoma Trin. 

Poa crandallii Gandog., Soc. Bot. France 
Bul. 667: 301. 1920. Mountains of 
Larimer, Colo., Crandall in 1898. 

(59) Poa lettermani Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 273. 1898. Grays 
Peak, Colo., Letterman 7. 

Poa brandegei Scribn. in Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2:544. 1896. Grays Peak, Colo. 
Jones 714. 

Atropis lettermani Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 579. 1896. Based on Poa lettermani 
Vasey. 

(48) Poa longiligula Scribn. and Williams, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 
3. 1899. Silver Reef, Utah, Jones 5149. 

Poa montana Vasey, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Monthly Rpt. 155. 1874. Not P. 
montana All., 1785. Nevada, Watson 
1312. 

Poa longiligula var. wyomingensis Wil- 
liams, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 10:3. 1899. Tipton, Wyo., Nelson 
4799a. 

Paneion longiligulum Lunell, Amer. Mid]. 
Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa 
longiligula Scribn. and Williams. 

Poa fendleriana var. longiligula Gould, 
Madrofio 10: 94. 1949. Based on P. 
longiligula Scribn. and Williams. 

This species was referred to Poa alpina L. 
by Watson, in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 
386. 1871. 

(8) Poa macrantha Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15:11. 1888. Mouth of Columbia 
River, Oreg., Howell {in 1887]. 

Melica macrantha Beal, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 17: 153. 1890. Based on Poa 
macrantha Vasey. 

(38) Poa macroclada Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 604. 1905. Rogers, 
Gunnison Watershed, Colo., Baker 802. 

(24) Poa marcida Hitchc., Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 41: 158... 1928: Sol Duc, Hot 
Springs, Olympic Mountains, Wash., 
Hitchcock 23466. 

(60) Poa montevansi Kelso, Biol. Leaflets 
29: 2. 1945. Mount Evans, Colo., L. 
and LE. H. Kelso 427. 

(54) Poa napensis Beetle, West Bot. Leaf- 
lets 4:289. 1946. Napa County, Calif., 
Beetle 4256. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(37) Poa nemoralis L., Sp. Pl. 69. 
Europe. 

Paneion nemorale Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa 
nemoralis L. 

(15) Poa nervosa (Hook.) Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 81. 
1893. Based on Festuca nervosa Hook. 

Festuca nervosa Hook., Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 
251. pl. 232. 1840. Nootka Sound, 
Vancouver Island, Scouler. 

Poa columbiensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
261. 1854. Columbia River, Douglas. 

Poa wheelert Vasey in Rothr., Cat. Pl. 
Survey W. 100th Merid. 55. 1874. 
South Park, Colo. [Wolf] 1131 [1131a]. 

Poa pulchella var. major Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 137: pl.-82: 
1893. Southern Oregon, no specimen 
cited, and none so named by Vasey can 
be found. 

Poa vaseyana Scribn. in Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 5382. 1896. [Georgetown], 
Colo., Patterson in 1885. 

Poa cuspidata Vasey ex Scribn., U.S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 6. 1899. 
Not P. cuspidata Nutt., 1818. As syno- 
nym of P. wheeleri Vasey. 

Poa olneyae Piper, Erythea 7: 101. 1899. 
Spokane, Wash., Piper 2820. 

Poa subreflera Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 36: 535. 1909. Steamboat Springs, 
Colo., Siate Agricultural College 3731. 

Poa wheeleri vaseyana Will. and Pammel, 
Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc. 20: 144. 1915. 
Presumably based on P. vaseyana 
Scribn., ‘‘(Scribner.)”’ being cited. 

(66) Poa nevadensis Vasey ex Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 66. 1883. 
[Austin, Nev., Jones in 1882. ] 

Atropis pauciflora Thurb. in 8. Wats., 
Bot. Calif. 2: 310. 1880. Not Poa 
pauciflora Roem. and Schult., 1817. 
Sierra Valley, Calif., Lemmon 1871. 
(Though credited to Lemmon the type 
specimen appears to have been col- 
lected by Bolander, Lemmon’s name 
not appearing on the label.) 

Poa pauciflora Benth. ex Vasey, Grasses — 
U. S. 42. 1883. Not P. pauciflora 
Roem. and Schult., 1817. Based on 
Atropis pauciflora Thurb. 

Poa tenuifolia var. scabra Vasey ex Scribn. 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 10: 66. 
synonym of P. nevadensis. (California, 
Lemmon. | 

Panicularia thurberiana WKuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on@ 
Atropis pauciflora Thurb. 

Poa thurberiana Vasey, U. S. Dept. Agr., | 
Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 84. 1893. The | 
name based on Panicularia thurberiana | 
Kuntze, but the plant described and | 
figured is Melica imperfecta Trin. | 

Atropis nevadensis Beal, Grasses N. | 
Amer. 2: 577. 1896. Based on Poa 
nevadensis Vasey. 


1753. 


1883, as | 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(28) Poa occidentalis Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 274. 1893. Las 
Vegas, N. Mex., G. R. Vasey in 1881. 

Poa flecuosa var. occidentalis Vasey in 
Rothr., in Wheeler, U. 8. Survey W. 
100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 290. 1878. Twin 
Lakes, Colo. [Wolf] 1132. 

Poa trivialis var. occidentalis Vasey, 
Grasses U. 8. Descr. Cat. 85. 1885. 
Colorado and New Mexico, the type 
being the specimen later described as 
P. occidentalis Vasey. 

Poa flexuosa var. robusta Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 271. 1893. 
Rocky Mountains, Colo., Vasey 673 
[Powell’s Expedition]. 

Poa autumnalis var. robusta Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 534. 1896. Based on P. 
flexuosa var. robusta Vasey. 

Poa occidentalis Rydb., N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Mem. 1: 50. 1900. Based on P. 
flexuosa var. occidentalis Vasey. 

Poa platyphylla Nash and Rydb., Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 28: 266. 1901. Based on 
P. occidentalis Vasey, the name changed 
because of P. flexwosa var. occidentalis 
Vasey, thought to be different. 

Poa lacustris Heller, Muhlenbergia 6: 12. 
1910. Based on P. flexuosa var. occt- 
dentalis Vasey. 

(35) Poa paludigena Fern. and Wieg., Rho- 
dora 20: 126. 1918. Wayne County, 
N. Y., Metcalf and Wiegand 7572. 

Poa sylvestris var. palustris Dudley, Cor- 
nell Univ. Bul. 2:128. 1886. Michigan 
Hollow, N. Y. 

(39) Poa palustris L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 874. 1759. Europe. 

Poa serotina Ehrh., Beitr. Naturk. 6: 83. 
1791, name only; Schrad. Fl. Germ. 1: 
299. 1806. Europe. 

Poa triflora Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 531. 
1792. Europe. | 

Poa crocata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 68. 
1808. Lake Mistassini, Quebec, 
Michaux. Misspelled P. crocea in Muhl., 
Cates lila S13: 

Poa glauca var. crocata Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 15. 1912. Based on P. 
crocata Michx. 

Paneion triflorum Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 228. 1915. Based on Poa 
triflora Gilib. 

(50) Poa pattersoni Vasey, U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 275. 1893. Grays 
Peak, Colo., Patterson 154. 

(33) Poa paucispicula Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 13: 69. pl. 15. 
1910. Yakutat Bay, Alaska, Coville and 
Kearney 970. 

(18) Poa pratensis L., Sp. Pl. 67. 1753. 
Europe. 

Poa angustifolia L. Sp. Pl. 67. 1758. 
Hurope. 

Poa pratensis var. angustifolia Gaudin, 
Agrost. Helv. 1: 214. 1811. Based on 
P. angustifolia 1. This name has been 


943 


credited to Smith, Fl. Brit. 105. 1800, 
but the combination is not there made, 
“6. Poa angustifolia L.” merely cited 
under P. pratensis. 

?Poa viridis Schreb. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 79. 1814. North America. 
Name only, Muhl., Cat. Pl. 11. 1813. 

Poa angustifolia Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 
1: 160. 1816. South Carolina. 

Paneion pratense Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Based on Poa 
pratensis L. 

Poa peckit Chase, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 
28: 54. f. 2. 1938. Jefferson County, 
Oreg., Peck 19804. 

(58) Poa pringlei Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10: 31. 1883. Headwaters of the 
Sacramento River, Calif., Pringle [in 
1882]. 

Poa argentea Howell, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 11. 1888. [Ashland Butte] 
Siskiyou Mountains, Oreg., Howell [in 
1887]. 

Melica argentea Beal, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 17: 153. 1890. Based on Poa 
argentea Howell. 

Melica nana Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
504. 1896. Based on Poa argentea 
Howell. Name changed because of “‘M. 
argentea Desv.”’ [error for M. argeniata 
Desv.]. 

Atropis suksdorfii Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 574. 1896. [Mount Adams] Wash., 
Suksdorf 1116. Beal gives as synonym 
“‘Poa suksdorfit Vasey ined.” 

Atropis pringlei Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
578. 1896. Based on Poa _ pringlei 
Scribn. 

Poa suksdorfii Vasey ex Piper, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 11: 185. 1906. Based 
on Atropis suksdorfit Beal. 

(31) Poa reflexa Vasey and Scribn., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 276. 1893. 
Kelso Mountain, near Torrey Peak, 
Colo., Letterman in 1885. 

Poa acuminata Scribn. in Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 5388. 1896. [Mount Black- 
more] Mont., Tweedy 639 in 1885, 1027 
in 1886. 

Poa pudica Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
32: 603. 1905. Near Grays Peak, Colo., 
Rydberg 24438. 

Poa leptocoma var. refleca Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 15. 1912. Based on 
P. refleca Vasey and Scribn. 

(11) Poa rhizomata Hitche. in Jepson, Fl.” 
Calif. 1:155. 1912. Oro Fino, Siskiyou 
County, Calif., Butler 1205. 

oa pipert Hitche. in Abrams, Illustr. Fl. 
1: 201. f. 461. 1923. Waldo, Oreg., 
Piper 6496. 

(51) Poa rupicola Nash, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Mem. 1: 49. 1900. Based on P. 
rupestris Vasey. 

Poa rupestris Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 14: 94. 1887. Not P. rupestris 


944 


With., 1796. Rocky Mountains [Wolf 
341 in 1873]. 

(27) Poa saltuensis Fern. and Wieg., Rho- 
dora 20: 122. 1918. Gaspé County’ 
Quebec, Fernald and Collins 357. 

Poa debilis var. acutiflora Vasey ex Ma- 
coun, ‘Cat:..GCan. Bl, °2*:225. 71888. 
Name only, for Macoun 28 and Burgess 
12 and 13, Truro, Nova Scotia. 

Poa saltwensis var. microlepis Fern. and 
Wieg., Rhodora 20: 124. 1918. New- 
foundland, Fernald and Wiegand 4633. 

(62) Poa scabrella (Thurb.) Benth. ex 
Vasey, Grasses U. 8S. 42. 1883. Based 
on Atropis scabrella Thurb. 

Sclerochloa californica Munro ex Benth., 
Pl. Hartw. 342. 1857. Name only, for 
Hartweg 2035, Sacramento Valley, 
Calif. 

Poa tenuifolia Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 96. 1862. Not P. 
tenuifolia A. Rich., 1851. Columbia 
River, Nuttall. 

Atropis scabrella Thurb., in 8. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 310. 1880. Oakland, Calif., 
Bolander. 

Atropis tenuifolia Thurb. in 8S. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 310. 1880. Based on Poa 
tenuifolia Buckl. 

Poa orcuttiana Vasey, West Amer. Sci. 3: 
165. 1887. San Diego, Calif., Orcutt 
[1070] in 1884. 

Panicularia scabrella Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 783. 1891. Based on Atropis 
scabrella Thurb. 

Panicularia nuttalliana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 788. 1891. Based on ‘‘Atropis 
tenuifolia Thurb., Poa tenuifolia Nutt., 
1862” (error for Buckl.). 

Poa buckleyana Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 465. 1895. Based on P. 
tenuifolia Buckl. 

Poa capillaris Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Acrost. Bultic bho. 11. 1898. 
Not P. capillaris L., 17538. Potrero, 
Calif. 

Poa nudata Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Cir. 9: 1. 1899. Based on P. 
captllaris Seribn. 

Poa acutiglumis Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 4. 1899. Grave 
Creek, Oreg., Howell in 1884. 

Poa limosa Scribn. and Williams, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 5. 
1899. Mono Lake, Calif., Bolander. 

(64) Poa secunda Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 271. 
1830. Chile, Haenke. 

Poa sandbergii Vasey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 276. 1893. Lewiston, 
Idaho, Sandberg 164. 

Poa incurva Scribn. and Williams, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 6. 
1899. Duckaloose Glacier, Olympic 
Mountains, Wash., Piper 1989. 

Poa buckleyana var. sandbergii Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. 
Based on P. sandbergii Vasey. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Paneion sandbergii Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 223. 1915. Based on Poa 
sandbergii Vasey. 

(46) Poa stenantha Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 376. 
1830. Kamchatka, Unalaska, Sitka, 
Karaghinski Island. 

(30) Poa sylvestris A. Gray, Man. 596. 
1848. Ohio and Kentucky, Short, Sul- 
livant, Michigan and southwestward 
[type from Ohio, Short in 1842]. 

(29) Poa tracyi Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 49. 1888. Raton, N. Mex., 
Tracy in 1887. 

Poa nervosa var. tracyi Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 538. 1896. Based on P. 
tracyt Vasey. 

(23) Poa trivialis L., Sp. Pl. 67. 1753. 
Europe. 

Poa stolonifera Hall. ex Muhl., Deser. 
Gram. 139. 1817. Pennsylvania. 

Poa trivialis var. filiculmis Scribn. in Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 532. 1896. Van- 
couver Island, Macoun 282. 

Poa callida Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
of i ie 1909. Helena, Mont., Rydberg 

(55) Poa unilateralis Scribn. in Vasey, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 13: pl. 85. 
1893. San Francisco, Calif. [Jones 15 


in 1882]. 
Atropis unilateralis Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 581. 1896. Based on Poa 


untlateralis Scribn. 

Poa pachypholis Piper, Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 18: 146. 1905. Ilwaco, Wash., 
Piper [4900]. 

(57) Poa vaseyochioa Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 9: 1. 1899. 
Based on P. pulchella Vasey. 

Poa pulchella Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 32. 
1882. Not P. pulchella Salisb., 1796. 
Columbia River [mountains, Klickitat 
County, Wash.], Suksdorf [in 1881]. 

Atropis pulchella Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 574. 1896. Based on Poa pulchella 
Vasey. 

Poa gracillima var. vaseyochloa Jones, 
West.. Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. 
Based on P. vaseyochloa Seribn. 

(32) Poa wolfii Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 21: 228. 1894. [Canton], IIL, 
Wolf [in 1882]. 

Poa alsodes var. wolfii Vasey ex Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 21: 228. 1894, 
as synonym of P. wolfiz Scribn. 


(77) POLYPOGON Desf. 


(4) Polypogon australis Brongn. in Duper- 
rey, Bot. Voy. Coquille 2?: 21. 1830. 
Concepcién, Chile. 

Polypogon crinitus Trin., Gram. Unifl. 
171. 1824,- Not P. crinitus. Nutty 
1818. Chile, Chamisso. 

Polypogon interruptus var. crinitus Hack. 
in Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


13: 473. 1906. Based on P. crinitus 
Trin. 

(5) Polypogon elongatus H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 134. 1815. Chillo, 
Ecuador, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

(3) Polypogon interruptus H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 184. pl. 44. 1815. 
Venezuela, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Alopecurus interruptus Poir. in Lam., 
Encyel. Sup. 5: 495. 1817. Based on 
Polypogon interruptus H. B. K. 

Polypogon lutosus (Poir.) Hitche., mis- 

applied to P. interruptus, appears to be a 

_ rare hybrid of southern Europe; not known 

| from America. 

| (2) Polypogon maritimus Willd., Gesell. 

| Naturf. Freund. Berlin (n.s.) 3: 443. 
1801. France. 

Alopecurus maritimus Poir. in Lam., 
Encycel. 8: 779. 1808. Based on Poly- 
pogon maritimus Willd. 

Polypogon monspeliensis var. maritimus 
Coss. and Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 70. 
1854. Based on P. maritimus Willd. 

(1) Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Fl. 
Atlant. 1: 67. 1798. Based on <Alo- 
pecurus monspeliensis L. 

Alopecurus monspeliensis L., Sp. Pl. 61. 
1753. Europe. 

Phleum crinitum Schreb., Beschr. Gris. 
1: 151. 1769. Based on Alopecurus 
monspeliensis L. 

Alopecurus aristatus var. monspeliensis 
Huds., Fl. Angl. 28. 1778. Based on A. 
monspeliensis L., 

Agrostis alopecuroides Lam., Tab]. Encycl. 
1: 160. 1791. Based on Alopecurus 
monspeliensis L. 

Phleum monspeliense Koel., Descr. Gram. 
57. 1802. Based on Alopecurus mon- 
speliensis L. 

Polypogon crinitus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 50. 
1818. Based on Phleum crinitum Smith 
(error for Schreb.). 

Polypogon flavescens Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
234. 18380. Peru, Haenke. 

Santia monspeliensis Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1: 
73. 1845. Based on Alopecurus mon- 
speliensis L. 


PSEUDOSASA Makino 


Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. and Zucc.) 
Makino, Jour. Jap. Bot. 2(4): 15. 
1920. Based on Arundinaria japonica 
Sieb. and Zucc. 

Arundinaria japonica Sieb. and Zucc. ex 
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 334. 1854. 
Japan; Java erroneously cited as 
locality. 


(6) PUCCINELLIA Parl. 


(8) Puccinellia airoides (Nutt.) Wats. and - 


Coult. in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 668. 
1890. Based on Poa airoides Nutt. 
Poa atroides Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:68. 1818. 


945 


Not P. airoides Koel., 1802. Mandan, 
N. Dak., Nuttall. 

Poa nuttalliana Schult., Mantissa 2: 303. 
1824. Based on P. airoides Nutt. 

Festuca nuttalliana Kunth, Rév. Gram, 1: 
129. 1829. Based on Poa nuttalliana 
Schult. 

Glyceria airoides Fries, Nov. Fl. Suec. 
Mant. 3: Add. 176. 1843. Not G. 
airoides Reichenb., 1829. Based on 
Poa atroides Nutt. 

Glyceria montana Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 96. 1862. Rocky 
Mountains, Nuttall. 

Panicularia distans airoides Scribn., Tor- 
rey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 54. 1894. 
Based on Poa atiroides Nutt. 

Atropis airoides Holm, Bot. Gaz. 46: 427. 
1908. Based on Poa airoides Nutt. 

Puccinellia cusickii Weatherby, Rhodora 
18: 182. 1916. Grande Ronde Valley, 
Oreg., Cusick 3271. 

Airopis nuttalliana Pilger, Notizbl. Bot. 
Gart. Berlin 9: 291. 1925. Based on 
Poa nuttalliana Schult. 

Wyoming specimens cited by Fernald and 
Weatherby (Rhodora 18: 16. 1916) under 
Puccinellia lucida (the type from Quebec) 
are here referred to P. atroides. 

(7) Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl., Fl. Ital. 


367. 1848. Based on Poa distans L. 
Roavdistans lu. Mantel: 324> Io 
Europe. 


Aira aquatica var. distans Huds., Fl. Angl. 
34. 1778. Based on Poa distans L. 
Hydrochloa distans Hartm., Gen. Gram. 
Skand. 8. 1819. Presumably based on 

Poa distans L. 

Glyceria distans Wahl., Fl. Upsal. 36. 
1820. Based on Poa distans L. 

Festuca distans Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 129. 
1829. Based on Poa distans L. 

Sclerochloa distans Bab., Man. Brit. Bot. 
370. 1843. Based on Poa distans L. 

Catabrosa distans Link ex Heynh., Nom. 
2:126. 1846. Based on Glyceria distans 
Wahl. 

Atropis distans Griseb. in Ledeb., FI. 
Ross. 4: 388. 1853. Based on Poa 
distans L. 

Glyceria distans var. tenuis Uechtr. in 
Crép., Notes Pl. Rar. Belg. 229. 1865. 
Germany. 

Sclerochloa multiculmis subsp. distans 
Syme in Sowerby, English, Bot. ed. 3. 
11:104. 1873. Based on Poa distans L. 

Panicularia distans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
2: 782. 1891. Based on Poa distans L. 

Atropis distans var. tenuis Rouy, FI. 
France 14: 195. 1918. Based on Gly- 
ceria distans var. tenuis Uechtv. 

Puccinellia distans var. tenuis Fern. and 
Weath., Rhodora 18:12. 1916. Based 
on Glyceria distans var. tenuis Uechtr. 

Puccinellia suksdorfii St. John, Wash. 
State Col. Contrib. Dept. Bot. 2: 80. 
1928. Rockland, Wash., Suksdorf 5089. 


946 


(4) Puccineilia fasciculata (Torr.) Bicknell, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 35: 197. 1908. 
Based on Poa fasciculata Torr. 

Poa fasciculata Torr., Fl. North. and Mid. 
U.S.1:107. 1823. New York [Torrey]. 

Poa delawarica Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 174. 
1827. Delaware. 

Festuca delawarica Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
129. 1829. Based on Poa delawarica 
Link. 

Festuca borreri Bab., Linn. Soc. Trans. 17: 
565. 1837. England. 

Glyceria delawarica Heynh., Nom. 1: 360. 
1840. Based on Poa delawarica Link. 
Glyceria borreri Bab. in Smith and Sower- 
by, English Bot. Sup. 3: pl. 2797. 1843. 

England. 

Sclerochloa borrert Bab., Man. Brit. Bot. 
370. 1843. Based on Glyceria borreri 
Bab. 

Poa borreri Parnell, Grasses Brit. 220. pl. 
98. 1845. Based on Sclerochloa borreri 
Bab. 

Sclerochloa arenaria var. fasciculata A. 
Gray, Man. 594. 1848. Based on Poa 
fasciculata Torr. 

Sclerochloa multiculmis subsp.  borreri 
Syme in Sowerby, English Bot. ed. 3. 
11:105. 1873. Based on S. borreri Bab. 

Atropis borrerit Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 92. 
1890. Based on Glyceria borreri Bab. 

Puccinellia borreri Hitche., Rhodora 10: 
65. 1908. Based on Festuca borrert 
Bab. 

(10) Puccinellia grandis Swallen, Wash. 
Acad. Sci. Jour. 34: 18. 1944. Seattle, 
Wash., Piper 1451. Has been confused 
with P. nutkaensis (Presl) Fern. and 
Weath., that not found in the United 
States. Has also been referred to P. 
festucaeformis Parl. of Europe. 

(5) Puccinellia lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 
276. f. 572. 1899. Based on Poa lem- 
mont Vasey. 

Poa lemmoni Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 3: 18. 
1878. Sierra County, Calif., Lemmon. 
Glyceria lemmoni Vasey, Grasses U. 8. 
Descr. Cat. 88. 1885, name only; 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 13: 119. 1886. 

Based on Poa lemmoni Vasey. 

Atropis lemmoni Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Bot. Bul. 13?: pl. 90. 1893. Based 
on Poa lemmoni Vasey. 

Puccinellia rubida Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 
56. 1903. Prineville, Oreg., Cusick 


2621. 

(6) Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl., FI. 
Ital. 1: 370. 1848. Based on Poa 
maritima Huds. 

Poa maritima Huds., Fl. Angl. 35. 1762. 
England. 

Poa maritima Muhl., Descr. Gram. 148. 
1817. New England. 

Glyceria maritima Wahlb., Fl. Gothob. 17. 


1820. Based on Poa maritima Huds. 
Festuca distans var. maritima Mutel., FI. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 
1837. Based on Poa | 
Poa maritima Bigel., Fl. Bost. ed. 3. 36. | 


Franc. 4: 116. 
maritima Huds. 


1840. Cambridge and Dorchester, Mass. 

Diachroa maritima Nutt. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 497. 
of Glyceria maritima Wahlb. 

Sclerochloa maritima Lindl. in Bab., Man. 
Brit. Bot. 370. 1843. Based on Glyceria 
maritima Smith (same as Wahlb.). 

Sclerochloa arenaria var. maritima A. 
Gray, Man. 594. 1848. Based on Poa 
maritima Huds. 

Atropis maritima Griseb. in Ledeb., FI. 
Ross. 4: 389. 1853. Based on Poa 
maritima Huds. 

Atropis distans var. maritima Coss. and 
Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 141. 1855. 
Based on Poa maritima Huds. 

Panicularia maritima Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5: 54. 1894. Based on Poa 
maritima Huds. 

(1) Puccinellia parishii Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 157. 1928. Rabbit 
Springs, Calif., Parish 9799. 

(9) Puccinellia pumila (Vasey) Hitchce., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 21: 129. 1934. Based 
on Glyceria pumila Vasey. 

Glyceria pumila Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 48. 1888. Vancouver Island, 
Macoun [in 1887]. 

Puccinellia maritima var. minor 8. Wats. 
in A. Gray, Man. ed. 6. 668. 1890. 
Mount Desert, Maine, Rand. 

This is the species referred by American 
authors to Atropis angustata Griseb., Gly- 
ceria angustata Vasey, and Puccinellia an- 
gustata Nash. The names are based on Poa 
angustata R. Br., a species of Arctic America. 
(3) Puccinellia rupestris (With.) Fern. and 

Weath., Rhodora 18: 10. f. 17-22. 
1916. Based on Poa rupestris With. 

Poa rupestris With., Bot. Arr. Veg. Brit. 
ed. 3. 2: 146. 1796. England. 

Poa procumbens Curtis, F]. Lond. 6: pl. 11. 
1798. England. 

Sclerochloa procumbens Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
98. 1812. Based on Poa procumbens 
Curtis. 


Festuca procumbens Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 


129. 1829. Not F. procumbens Mubhl., 
1817. Based on Poa procumbens Curtis. 

Scleropoa procumbens Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 
474. 1848. Based on Poa procumbens 
Curtis. 

Atropis procumbens Thurb, in 8. Wats., 
Bot. Calif. 2: 309. 1880. Based on Poa 
procumbens Curtis. [The specimen men- 
tioned by Thurber (Bolander 6467) is 
Poa unilateralis Scribn., with a frag- 
ment of Puccinellia rwpestris, which is 
not known to occur in California. ] 

Panicularia procumbens Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 782. 1891. Based on Poa 
procumbens Curtis. 

(2) Puccinellia simplex Scribn., U. S. Dept. 


1840, as synonym 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 16:1. f.1. 1899. 
Woodland, Calif., Blankinship. 


(19) REDFIELDIA Vasey 


(1) Redfieldia flexuosa (Thurb.) Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 14: 133. pl. 70. 
1887. Based on Graphephorum flexu- 
osum Thurb. 

Graphephorum flecuosum Thurb. in A. 
Gray, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 
1863: 78. 18638. ‘Colorado Territory,” 
latitude 41° [probably Nebraska], Hall 
and Harbour 635. 


(135) REIMAROCHLOA Hitche. 


(1) Reimarochloa oligostachya (Munro) 
Hitche., U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 
199. 1909. Based on Rezmaria oli- 
gostachya Munro. 

Reimaria oligostachya Munro ex Benth., 
Linn. Soc. Jour., Bot. 19: 34. 1881. 
[Jacksonville], Fla., Curtiss 3566. 


(142) RHYNCHELYTRUM Nees 


(1) Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Stapf 
and Hubb. ex Bews, World’s Grass. 
223. 1929, no basis cited; in Prain, 
Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 880. 1930. Based on 
Tricholaena rosea Nees. Has been con- 
fused with R. repens (Willd.) C. E. 
Hubb., a pale-flowered annual from 
West Africa. 

Tricholaena rosea Nees, ‘“‘Cat. Sem. Hort. 
Vratisl. a. 1836”; Fl. Afr. Austr. 17. 
1841. South Africa, Drége. 

Panicum roseum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
92. 1854. Not P. rosewm Willd., 1825. 
Based on Tricholaena rosea Nees. 

Panicum teneriffae var. rosea F, M. Bailey, 
Queensl. Grass. 22. 1888. Based on 
Tricholaena rosea Nees. 

Melinis rosea Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Ztschr. 
51: 464. 1901. Based on T'richolaena 
rosea Nees. 

Tricholaena repens var. rosea Alberts, 
Imp. Bur. Pastures and Forage Crops 
Bul. 37: 10. 1947. Presumably based 
on Tricholaena rosea Nees. 


(162) ROTTBOELLIA L. f. 


(1) Rottboellia exaltata L. f., Nov. Gram. 
Genz 405 ple 1217.79; Sup. Pl: .114. 
1781. India. 

Manisuris exaltata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
2: 779. 1891. Based on _ Rottboellia 
exaliata L. f. 

Stegosia exaltata Nash, N. Amer. FI. 17: 
oe 1909. Based on Rottboellia exaltata 


(150) SACCHARUM L. 


Saccharum bengalense Retz., Obs. Bot. 5: 
16. 1789. India. t 

Saccharum ciliare Anderss., Ofv. Svensk. 

Vet. Akad. Férh. 12: 155. 1855. India. 


947 


(1) Saccharum officinarum L., Sp. Pl. 54. 
1758. India. 


(139) SACCIOLEPIS Nash 


Sacciolepis indica (L.) Chase, Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 21: 8. 1908. Based on 
Aira indica L. 

Aira spicata L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1758. India. 

Aira indica L., Sp. Pl. in Errara. 1753. 
Based on Aira spicata L., page 63, the 
name changed because of Aira spicata, 
page 64, of the same work, the latter 
the basis of Trisetum spicatum. 

Panicum indicum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 184. 
1771. Not P. indicum Mill., 1768. 
Based on Aira indica L. ; 

Hymenachne indica Buse, in Miquel, PI. 
Jungh. 377. 1854. Based on Panicum 
indicum L. 

Sacciolepis spicata Honda, Tokyo Univ. 
Faculty. Sci. Jour. sec. 3. Bot. 3: 261. 
1930. Based on Azra spicata L. 

Panicum spicatum Farwell, Rhodora 32: 
262. 1930. Not P. spicatum Roxb., 
1820. Based on Aira spicata L. 

(1) Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 30: 383. 1903. Based 
on Holcus striatus L. 

Holcus striatus L., Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753. 
Virginia [Clayton 590]. 

Panicum striatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
172. 1791. Carolina, Fraser. 

Sorghum striatum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
132, 165:;-<1812. Based. on’ Holcus 
striatus L. 

Panicum gibbum Ell., Bot. 8. C. and Ga. 1: 
ene 1816. Presumably South Caro- 
ina. 

Panicum aquaticum Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
126. 1817. Not P. aquaticum Poir., 
1816. No locality cited. 

Panicum fluitans Brickell ex Muhl., 
Descr. Gram. 126. 1817, as synonym 
of P. aquaticum Muhl. 

Panicum hydrophilum Schult., Mantissa 
2: 237. 1824. Based on P. aquaticum 
Muhl. 

Panicum elliottianum Schult., Mantissa 
2: 256. 1824. Based on P. gibbum Ell. 

Panicum aquaticum Bose ex Spreng., 
Syst. Veg. 1:319. 1825. Not P. aquati- 
cum Poir , 1816. Bermuda. 

Hymenachne striata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. 
Ind. 554. 1864. Based on Panicum 
striatum Lam. 

Sacciolepis gibba Nash in Britton, Man. 
89. 1901. Based on Panicum gibbum 
Ell. In a second printing of Britton, 
Man. 1902 (p. 89), the generic name 
is spelled Saccolepis. 

Sacciolepis striata forma gibba Fernald, 
Rhodora 44, 381. 1942. Based on 
Panicum gibbum Ell. 


(105) SCHEDONNARDUS Steud. 


(1) Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) 


948 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Trel., in Branner and Coville, Rpt. 
Geol. Survey Ark. 1888+: 236. 1891. 
Based on Lepturus paniculatus Nutt. 

Lepturus paniculatus Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
81. 1818. Mandan, N. Dak. 

Roitboellia paniculata Spreng., Syst. Veg. 
1: 300. 1825. Based on Lepturus 
paniculatus Nutt. 

Schedonnardus teranus Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 146. 1854. Texas, Drum- 
mond 360. 

Spirochloe paniculata Lunell, Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 4: 220. 1915. Based on Lepturus 
paniculatus Nutt. 


(54) SCHISMUS Beauv. 


(2) Schismus arabicus Nees, F]. Afr. Austr. 
1: 422. 1841. Arabia. 

Schismus barbatus subsp. arabicus Maire 
and Weiller, Sec. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord. 
Bul. 30: 310. 1939. Based on S. 
arabicus Nees. 

(1) Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell., Bul. 
Herb. Boiss. II. 7: 391. 1907 in obs. 
Based on Festuca barbata L. 

Festuca barbata L., Amoen. Acad. 3: 400. 
1756. Spain. 

Schismus fasciculatus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
74,177. 1812, name only; Trin., Fund. 
Agrost. 148. 1820. No locality cited. 

Schismus marginatus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
ee pl. 15. f. 4. 1812. No locality 
cited. 


(31) SCHIZACHNE Hack. 


(1) Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swal- 
len, Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 18: 204. f. 1. 
1928. Based on Trisetum purpurascens 
Torr. 

Avena striata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 73. 
1808. Not A. striata Lam., 1783. Be- 
tween Hudson Bay and Lake Mistas- 
sini, Michaux. 

Trisetum purpurascens Torr., Fl. North. 
and Mid. U.S. 1:127. 1823. Williams- 
town, Mass., Dewey; also Boston, Cat- 
skill Mountains, N. Y., and Montreal. 

Avena callosa Turez. in Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 
4: 416. 1858. Siberia. 

Avena striata forma albicans Fernald, 
Rhodora 7: 244. 1905. Mount Albert, 
Quebec, Collins and Fernald 26. 

Melica striata Hitche., Rhodora 8: 211. 
1906. Based on Avena striata Michx. 
Melica striata forma albicans Fernald, 
Rhodora 10: 47. 1908. Based on 

Avena striata forma albicans Fernald. 

Melica purpurascens Hitche., U. 8. Natt. 
Herb. Contrib. 12: 156. 1908. Based 
on Trisetum purpurascens Torr. 

Schizachne fauriei Hack., Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 7: 323. 1909. Sachalin 
Island, Faurie. 

Avena torreyi Nashin Britt. and Brown, 
I]lustr. Fl. ed. 2. 1: 219. 1913. Based 
on T'risetum purpurascens Torr., not 


Avena purpurascens DC., 1813. 

Bromelica striata Farwell, Rhodora 21: 
77. 1919. Based on Avena _ striata 
Michx. 

Schizachne striata Hultén, Svensk. Bot. 
Tidskr. 30: 518. 1986. Based on Avena 
striata Michx. 

Schizachne purpurascens forma albicans 
Fernald, Rhodora 44: 139. 1942. 
Based on Avena striata forma albicans 
Fernald. 

Schizachne callosa Ohwi, Act. Phytotax. 
and Geobot. 2: 279. 1933. Based on 
Avena callosa Turez. 


(8) SCLEROCHLOA Beauv. 


(1) Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv., Ess. 


Agrost. 98, 174, 177. pl. 19. f. 4.. 1812. 
Based on Poa dura L. (error for Scop.). 

Cynosurus durus L., Sp. Pl. 72. 1758. 
Southern Europe. 

Poa dura Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 70. 
1772. Based on Cynosurus durus L. 
Eleusine dura Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 

eae 1791. Based on Cynosurus durus 


Crassipes annuus Swallen, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 18: 684. f. 1-4. 1931. Between 
Salt Lake City and Ogden, foot of 
Wasatch Mountains, Utah, Fallas in 
1928. 


(5) SCLEROPOA Griseb. 


(1) Scleropoa rigida (L.) Griseb., Spic. FI. 


Rum. 2: 481. 1844. Based on Poa 
rigida L. 
Poa ‘rigida: Ls, ‘Cent. Plo ts 5 Wibor 
Amoen. Acad. 4: 265. 1759. Europe. 
Poa cristata Walt., Fl. Carol. 80. 1788. 
Not P. cristata L., 1767. South Caro- 
lina. 

Sclerochloa rigida Link, Enum. Pl. 1: 90. 
1821. Based on Poa rigida L. 

Glyceria rigida J. E. Smith, English FI. 
1:°:119. 1824. Based on Poa rigida L. 

Festuca rigida Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5:445. 1825. Based on Poa rigida 
L. 

Synaphe rigida Dulac, Fl. Haut. Pyr. 90. 
1867. Based on Scleropoa rigida Griseb. 

Diplachne rigida Munro ex Chapm., FI. 
South. U. S. ed. 3. 609. 1897. Based 
on Poa rigida L. 


(41) SCLEROPOGON Phil. 


(1) Scleropogon brevifolius Phil., An. Univ. 


Chile 36: 206. 1870. Mendoza, Argen- 
tina. 

Festuca macrostachya Torr. and Gray, 
U: 8S. Rpt. Expl. Miss. (Pacits Zeal 
1855. Name only. Pecos, Tex. [Stami- 
nate specimen. ] ‘ 

Tricuspis monstra Munro ex Hemsl., Diag. 
Pl. Mex. 56. 1880, as synonym of 
Scleropogon brevifolius Phil. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Lesourdia karwinskyana Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 27: 102. pl. 4. f. 12. 1880. 
Mexico, Karwinsky 992. 

Lesourdia multiflora Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
Brance Bul. 27: 102: pl. 3; 4. 1880. 
Tampico, Mexico, Bernier. 

Scleropogon karwinskyanus Benth. ex S. 
Wats., Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 181. 
1883. Based on Lesourdia karwinskyana 
Fourn. 


(9) SCOLOCHLOA Link 


(1) Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) Link, 
Hort. Berol. 1: 137. 1827. Based on 
Arundo festucacea Willd. 

Festuca arundinacea Liljebl., Utk. Svensk 
Fl. ed. 2.47. 1798. Not F. arundinacea 
Schreb., 1771. Sweden. 

Arundo festucacea Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 
126. 1809. Germany. 

Triodia festucacea Roth, Enum. Pl]. Phaen. 
Germ. 11: 382. 1827. Based on Arundo 
festucacea Willd. 

Graphephorum festucaceum A. Gray, 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 5: 191. 1861. 
Based on Arundo festucacea Willd. 

Scolochloa arundinacea MacM., Met. 
Minn. Vall. 79. 1892. Not S. arundin- 
acea Mert. and Koch, 1823. Based on 
Festuca arundinacea Liljebl. 

Fluminea festucacea Hitche., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Bul. 772: 38. f. 11. 1920. Based 
on Arundo festucacea Willd. 


(53) SCRIBNERIA Hack. 


(1) Scribneria bolanderi (Thurb.) Hack., 
Bot. Gaz. 11: 105. pl. 5. 1886. Based 
on Lepturus bolandert Thurb. 

Lepturus bolandert Thurb., Amer. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 7: 401. 1868. Russian River 
Valley, Calif., Bolander. 


(45) SECALE L. 


(1) Secale cereale L., Sp. Pl. 84. 
Europe. 
Triticum cereale Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 27. 
1796. Based on Secale cereale L. 
Secale montanum Guss., Fl]. Sci. Prod. 1: 
145. 1827. 


(143) SETARIA Beauv. 


_ Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth, Rév. Gram. 
1: 47. 1829. Based on Panicum bar- 
batum Lam. 

Panicum barbatum Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
171. 1791. Mauritius. 

Panicum costatum Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 
Carey 1: 314. 1820. Mauritius. 

Panicum viaticum Salzm. ex Doell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 155. 1877. Bahia, 
Brazil, Salzmann 706. 

Chamaeraphis viatica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl]. 2: 770. 1891. Based on Panicum 
viaticum Salzm. 

Chamaeraphis costata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 


1753. 


949 


Pl]. 2: 771. 1891. Based on Panicum 
costatum Roxb. 

Chaetochloa barbata Hitche. and Chase, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 18: 348. 
1917. Based on Panicum barbatum Lam. 

Setaria carnei Hitchc., Soc. Linn. N. 8. W. 
Proc. 52: 185. 1927. Western Aus- 
tralia. 

(8) Setaria corrugata (Ell.) Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 276. 1824. Based on Panicum 
corrugatum El. 

Panicum corrugatum E]ll., Bot. 8. C. and 
Gans WS S1Sl6s SavannahyiGa. 
Baldwin. 

Pennisetum corrugatum Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
55. 1818. Presumably based on Pani- 
cum corrugatum El. 

Setaria glauca var. corrugata Schrad., 
Linnaea 12: 429. 1838. Based on S. 
corrugata Schult. 

Chamaeraphis corrugata Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 770. 1891. Based on Pan- 
icum corrugatum Ell. 

Chaetochloa corrugata Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum corrugatum Ell. 

Chaetochloa hispida Scribn. and Merr., 
U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 
21: 25. f.18. 1900. Cuba, Wright. 

Setaria hispida Schum., Just’s Bot. 
Jahresber. 28!: 417. 1902. Based on 
Chaetochloa hispida Scribn. and Merr. 

(13) Setaria faberii Herrm., Beitr. Biol. 
Pflanz. 10: 51. 1910. Prov. Szechwan, 
China ‘‘(Faber 582—-1182).”’ 

(2) Setaria geniculata (Lam.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 51, 169, 178. 1812. Based on 
Panicum geniculatum Lam. 

Panicum geniculatum Lam., Encycl. 4: 
727 (err. typ. 737). 1798. Guadeloupe. 

Cenchrus parviflorus Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
6: 52. 1804. Puerto Rico. 

Setaria gracilis H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et Sp. 
1:109. 1815. Colombia, Humboldt and 
Bonpland. 

Setaria purpurascens H. B. K., Nov. Gen. 
et Sp. 1: 110. 1815. Ecuador, Hum- 
boldt and Bonpland. 

Pennisetum geniculatum Jacq., Eclog. 
Gram. 3: pl. 26. 1815-1820. Based on 
Panicum geniculatum Lam. 

Panicum imberbe Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 
Sup. 4: 272. 1816. North America and 
Brazil. 

Panicum laevigatum Muhl. ex Ell., Bot. 
S. C. and Ga. 1: 112. 1816. Not P. 
laevigatum Lam. 1778. Eddings Island, 
S. C. (Published as new in Muhl., 
Descr. Gram. 100. 1817, for the same 
species. ) 

Panicum glaucum var. purpurascens Ell., 
Bot. S. C.and Ga.1:118. 1816. Parris 
Island and Charleston Neck, 8. C. 

Panicum medium Muhl. ex Fll., Bot. 8S. C. 
and Ga. 1: 1138. 1816, as synonym of 
P, glaucum var. purpurascens El. 

Setaria imberbis Roem. and Schult., Syst. 


950 


Veg. 2: 891. 1817. Based on Panicum 
imberbe Poir. 

Pennisetum laevigatum Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
55. 1818. Presumably based on Pani- 
cum laevigatum Muhl. 

Setoria laevigata Schult., Mantissa 2: 275. 
1824. Based on Panicum laevigatum 
Mubl. 

Setaria affinis Schult., Mantissa 2: 276. 
1824. Based on Muhlenberg’s Panicum 
No. 4. Georgia and Pennsylvania. 

Setaria berteroniana Schult., Mantissa 2: 
276. 1824. Dominican Republic, Bertero. 

Setaria glauca var. purpurascens Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. 8S. 153. 1824. 
Based on Setaria purpurascens H. B. K. 
Published as new by Urban (Symb. 
Antill. 4: 96. 1903), based on the same 
type. 

Panicum flavum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 238. 
1829. Brazil. 

Panicum dasyurum Nees, Agrost. Bras. 
241. 1829. Brazil, Hoffmansegg; Mon- 
tevideo, Sellow. 

Panicum fuscescens Willd. ex Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 241. 1829, as synonym of P. 
purpurascens H. B. K. [South America, 
Humboldt). 

Panicum penicillatum Willd. ex Nees, 
Agrost. Bras. 242. 1829. Not P. peni- 
cillatum Nees ex Trin. 1826. Brazil, 

Panicum tejucense Nees, Agrost. Bras. 248. 
1829. Tejuco, Brazil. 

Setaria flava Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 46. 
1829. Based on Panicum flavum Nees. 

Setaria ventenatii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
251. pl. 37. 1830. Puerto Rico. 

Setaria teyucensis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
Sup. 11. 1830. Based on Panicum 
teyucense Nees. 

Setaria penicillata Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
314. 1830. Based on Panicum penic- 
tllatum Willd. 

Panicum ventenatii Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2. 2: 265. 1841. Based on Setaria 
ventenatii Kunth. 

Panicum berteronianum Steud., Syn. PI. 
Glum, 1: 50. 1854. Based on Setaria 
berteroniana Schult. 

Setaria glauca var. laevigata Chapm., FI. 
South. U. 8. 578. 1860. Based on 
Panicum laevigatum Muhl. 

Setaria stipaeculmis C. Muell., Bot. Ztg. 
19: 3238. 1861. Rio Brazos, Tex., 
Drummond. 

Setaria glauca var. penicillata Griseb., FI. 
Brit. W. Ind. 554. 1864. Based on 
Panicum penicillatum Willd. 

Setaria glauca var. imberbis Griseb., FI. 
Brit. W. Ind. 554. 1864. Based on 
Panicum imberbe Poir. 

Panicum imberbe var. dasyurum Doell, in 
Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 157. 1877. Based 
on P. dasyurum Nees. 

Panicum imberbe var. purpurascens Doell, 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?:157. 1877. Based 
on P. purpurascens H. B. K. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Selaria streptobotrys Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
47. 1886. Mexico, Galeotti 5832, Lieb- 
mann 358, and several other collections 
cited. 

Chamaeraphis glauca var.imberbis Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 767. 1891. Based on 
Panicum imberbe Poir. 

Chamaeraphis glauca var. penicillata 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 767. 1891. 
Based on Panicum penicillatum Willd. 

Chamaeraphis glauca var. geniculata 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 767. 1891. 
Based on Panicum geniculatum Lam. 

Setaria perennis Hall ex Smyth, Check 
List Pl. Kans. 26. 1892. [Hutchinson] 
Kans., Smyth. 

Setaria gracilis var. dasyura Arech., An. 
Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 165. 1894. 
Based on Panicum dasyurum Nees. 

Chamaeraphis ventenatii Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 153. 1896. Based on 
Setaria ventenatii Kunth. 

Chamaeraphis glauca var. laevigata Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 155. 1896. Based 
on Panicum laevigatum Muhl. 

Chamaeranhis glauca var. perennis Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2:156. 1896. Florida, 
Curtiss 3614.* 

Chaetochloa imberbis Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum imberbe Poir. 

Chaetochloa penicillata Scribn., U. -S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 
1897. Based on Panicum penicillatuwm 
Willd. 

Chaetochloa flava Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum flavum Nees. 

Chaetochloa versicolor Bicknell, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 25: 105. pl. 329. 1898. 
New York City, Bicknell. 


_ Chaetochloa perennis Bicknell, Torrey Bot. 


Club Bul. 25: 107. 1898. Based on 
C. glauca var. perennis Beal. 

Chaetochloa laevigata Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 10. 1900. 
Based on Panicum laevigatum Muhl. 

Chaetochloa imberbis penicillata Scribn. 
and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 21: 11. f. 2. 1900. Based 
on Panicum penicillatum Willd. 

Chaetochloa imberbis perennis Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 21: 12. 1900. Based on Setaria 
perennis Hall. 

Chaetochloa imberbis geniculata Scribn. 
and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 21: 12. 1900. Based on 
Panicum geniculatum Lam. 

Chaetochloa imberbis streptobotrys Scribn. 
and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 21: 18. 1900. Based on 
Setaria streptobotrys Fourn. 

Chaetochloa purpurascens Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 21: 18. 1900. Based on Setaria 
purpurascens H. B. K, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Chaetochloa gracilis Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
15. 1900. Based on Setaria gracilis 
H. B. K. 

Chaetochloa corrugata parviflora Scribn. 
and Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 21: 24. 1900. Based on 
Cenchrus parviflorus Poir. 

Izxophorus glaucus-laevigata Chapm. ex 
Gattinger, Tenn. Fl. 38. 1901. Pre- 
sumably based on Setaria glauca var. 
laevigata Chapm. 

Panicum glaberrimum Ell. ex. Scribn. and 


Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Cir. 29: 3. 1901. Not P. glaberrimum 
Steud., 1854. As synonym of Chaeto- 


chloa imberbis Seribn. 

Chaetochloa ventenatii Nash in Kearney, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 5: 515. 
1901. Based on Setaria ventenatii 
Kunth. 

Chaetochloa occidentalis Nash in Britton, 
Man. 90. 1901. Kansas [type, Hut- 
chinson, Smyth] and Oklahoma. 

Panicum imberbe var. gracile Kneucker, 
Allg. Bot. Ztschr. 8: 13. 1902. Based 
on Setaria gracilis H. B. K. 

Setaria glauca var. geniculata Urban, 
Symb. Antill. 4: 96. 1903. Based on 
Panicum geniculatum Lam. 

Setaria glauca var. purpurascens Urban, 
Symb. Antill. 4: 96. 1903. Based on 
S. purpurascens H. B. K. 

Chaetochloa geniculata Millsp. and Chase, 
Field Mus. Bot. 3: 37. 1903. Based 
on Panicum geniculatum Lam. 

Chamaeraphis imberbis Kuntze ex Stuck., 
An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 76. 
1904. Based on Panicum imberbe Poir. 

Chamaeraphis gracilis Kuntze ex Stuck., 
An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 76. 
1904. Not C. gracilis Hack., 1885. 
Based on Setaria gracilis H. B. K. 

Chamaeraphis penicillata Pres). ex Stuek., 
An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 76. 
1904. Based on Setaria penicillata Presl. 

Setaria imberbis var. perennis Hitche., 
Rhodora 8: 210. 1906. Based on S. 
perennis Hall. 

Setaria imberbis var. purpurascens Hack. 
in Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 
13: 442. 1906. Based on S. purpuras- 
cens H. B. K. 

Chaetochloa imberbis versicolor Stone, N. J. 
Musi Anne Rpt. 19105213. . = 1911; 
Based on C. versicolor Bicknell. 

Panicum versicolor Nieuw]l., Amer. Mid]. 
Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Not P. versicolor 
Doell, 1877. Based on Chaetochloa 
versicolor Bicknell. 

Panicum occidentale Nieuw]., Amer. Midl. 
Nat. 2: 64. 1911. Not P. occidentale 
Scribn., 1899. Based on Chaetochloa occi- 
dentalis Nash. 

Chaetochloa geniculata var. perennis House, 
N. Y. State Mus. Bul. 254: 85. 1924. 
Based on Setaria perennis Hall. 


951 


Chaetochloa viridis var. purpurascens 
Honda, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 38: 197. 
1924. Based on Setaria PUL PUrascens 
EE WE. 

Panicum lutescens var. 
Handb. FI. Java 2: 142. 
on P. flavum Nees. 

Chaetochloa geniculata var. purpurascens 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 26: 
5. 1941. Based on Panicum glaucum 
var. purpurascens Ell. 

(10) Setaria grisebachii Fourn., Mex. PI. 2: 
45. 1886. Orizaba, Mexico, [Schaffner 
36]. 

Setaria laevis Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 45. 
1886. Bernal, Mexico, Karwinsky 961. 

Chaetochloa grisebachii Scnibny. Ula: 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 
1897. Based on Setaria grisebachii 
Fourn. 

Chaetochloa grisebachii var. ampla Scribn. 
and Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 21: 36. f. 21. 1900. 
Federal District, Mexico, Pringle 4670 
[error for 6470]. 


avum Backer, 
1928. Based 


Chaetochloa grisebachii var. mexicana 
Seribn. and Merr., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 37. 1900. San 


Luis Potosi, Mexico, Schaffner 1044. 

Setaria mexicana Schaffn. ex Scribn. and 
Merr., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 21: 37. 1900, as synonym of 
Chaetochloa grisebachit var. mexicana 
Scribn. and Merr. 

(14) Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
51, 170, 178. 1812. Based on Panicum 
ttalicum L. 

Panicum italicum L., Sp. Pl. 56. 1758. 
India. 

Panicum germanicum Mill., Gard. Dict. 
ed. 8. Panicum No. 1. 1768. Europe. 
Panicum italicum var. germanicum Koel., 

Descr. Gram. 17. 1802. Europe. 
Pennisetum italicum R. Br., Prodr. FI. 
Nov. Holl. 1: 195. 1810. Based on 
Panicum italicum L. 
Setaria germanica Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 


51, 169, 178. 1812. Based on Panicum 
germanicum Willd. (same as Mill. 
1768). 


Pennisetum germanicum Baumg., Enum. 
Stirp. Transsilv. 3: 277. 1816. Based 
on Setaria germanica Beauv. 

Setaria italica var. germanica Schrad., 
Linnaea 12: 480. 1838. Based on 
Panicum germanicum Roth (same as 
Mill. 1768). 

Setaria californica Kellogg, Calif. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 1 (ed. 2): 26. 1873. Shasta, 
Calif., Dash. 

Panicum italicum vay. californicum Koern. 
and Wern., Handb. Getreidebau. 1: 
202, 213: 1885. California. 

Chamaeraphis italica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 767. 1891. Based on Panicum 
italicum L. 

Chamaeraphis 


italica var. germanica 


952 


Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 768. 1891. 
Based on Panicum germanicum L. 
(error for Mill.). 

Izophorus italicus Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Chub Bul. 22: 428. 1895. Based on 
Panicum italicum L. 

Chaetochloa italica Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum italicum L. 

Chaetochloa italica germanica Scribn., U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 6: 32. 
1897. Based on Panicum germanicum 
Mill. 

Chaetochloa germanica Smyth, Kans. 
Acad. Trans. 25: 89. 19138. Based on 
Panicum germanicum Mill. 

Setaria italica subsp. stramineofructa sub- 
var. germanica Hubb., Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 2: 189. 1915. Based on Panicum 
germanicum Mill. 

Setaria italica subsp. stramineofructa var. 
brunneoseta subvar. densior Hubb., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2:192. 1915. Weston, 
Mass., Williams in 1895. 

(9) Setaria liebmanni Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
44. 1886. Mexico, Liebmann 389. 

Setaria rariflora Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
313. 1830. Not S. rariflora Mikan, 
1821. Acapuleo, Mexico, Haenke. 

Panicum rariflorum Presl ex Steud., Syn. 
Pl. Glum. 1: 51. 1854. Not P. rari- 
florum Lam., 1798. Based on Setaria 
rariflora Presl. 

Chamaeraphis caudata var. pauciflora 
Vasey ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 
158. 1896. [Baja] California [type, 
Guaymas, Mexico], Palmer 191. 

Chaetochloa liebmanni Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
31. 1900. Based on Setaria liebmannt 
Fourn. 

Chaetochloa liebmanni pauciflora Scribn. 
and Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 21: 33. 1900. Based on 
Chamaeraphis caudata var. pauciflora 
Vasey. 

(1) Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb., Rho- 
dora 18: 232. 1916. Based on Panicum 
lutescens Weigel. 

Panicum lutescens Weigel, Obs. Bot. 20. 
1772. Germany. 

Panicum glaucum var. elongatum Pers., 
Syn. Pl. 1:81. 1805. America. 

Panicum glaucum var. flavescens Ell., Bot. 
S.C. and Ga. 1:113. 1816. Presumably 
South Carolina. 

Panicum glaucum var. laevigatum Le- 
Conte ex Torr., in Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 
2. 339. 1818. Northern and Middle 
States. 

Setaria glauca var. elongata Raddi, Agrost. 
Bras. 49. 1823. Based on Panicum 
glaucum var. elongatum Pers. 

Panicum _compressum Balb. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 254. 1841, errone- 
ously cited as synonym of P. glaucum 
R. Br. [Dominican Republic, Bertero.] 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Chaetochloa lutescens Stuntz, U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Inventory 
Seeds 31: 36, 86. 1914. Based on 
Panicum lutescens Weigel. 

Chaetochloa glauca var. purpurea Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 26: 5. 1941. 
Detroit, Mich., Farwell 5661. 

Panicum glaucum L. has been shown to 
apply to pearl millet (see Pennisetum 
glaucum, p. 727). The name at an early date 
came to be used for the species here called 
Setaria lutescens. The following names have 
been misapplied to this species: 

Panicum glaucum L., Sp. Pl. 56. 1753. 

Setaria glauca Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 51, 
17S. L8i2: 

Chamaeraphis glauca Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 767. 1891. 

Izophorus glaucus Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 423. 1895. 

Chaetochloa glauca Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 

(4) Setaria. macrosperma (Scribn. and 
Merr.) Schum., Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 
281: 417. 1902. Based on Chaetochloa 
macrosperma Scribn. and Merr. 

Chaetochloa macrosperma Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 21: 33. f. 18. 1900. St. Jokng 
River, Fla., Curtiss 3617. 

(6) Setaria macrostachya H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp. 1: 110. 1815. [Guana- 
juato], Mexico, Humboldt and Bon- 
pland. 

Panicum macrostachyum Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 245. 1829. Based on Setaria 
macrostachya H. B. K. 

Chamaeraphis setosa var. macrostachya 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 769. 1891. 
Based on Setaria macrostachya H. B. K. 

Chaetochloa gibbosa Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
24. 1900. Mexico [probably Tamau- 
lipas], Berlandier 528. 

Chaetochloa leucopila Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
26, f. 14. 1900. Parras, Coahuila, 
Palmer 1363 in 1880. 

Chaetochloa macrostachya Scribn. and 
Merr., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 21: 29. f. 16. 1900. Based am 
Setaria macrostachya H. B. Ks. 

Chaetochloa rigida Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
30. 1900. La Paz, Baja California, 
Palmer 125 in 1890. 

Setaria leucopila Schum. in Just’s Bot. 
Jahresber. 281: 417. 1902. Based on 
Chaetochloa leucopila Scribn. and Merr. 

Setaria gibbosa Schum. in Just’s Bot. 
Jahresber. 281: 417. 1902. Based on 
Chaetochloa gibbosa Scribn. and Merr. 

Setaria rigida Schum. in Just’s Bot. 
Jahresber. 281: 417. 1902. Not S. 
rigida Stapf, 1899. Based on Chaetochloa 
rigida Seribn. and Merr. 

Chamaeraphis macrostachya Wuntze ex 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 
76. 1904. Based on Setaria macro- 
stachya H. B. K. 

Setaria commutata Hack. ex Stuck., An. 
Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 13: 439. 1906. 
Based on Chaetochloa composita as 
described and figured by Scribner and 
Merrill (U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 21: 27. f. 15. 1900), not Setaria 
composita H. B. K., on which the name 
Chaetochloa composita Scribn. is based. 
The name is published as ‘‘Setaria 
commutata (Seribn.) Hack.”’ 

Setaria caudata var. pauciflora Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 16: 13. 19380. 
Arizona, Jones 24697, 24698. 

(11) Setaria magna Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. 
Ind. 554. 1864. Jamaica, Purdie. 

Chamaeraphis magna Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer, 2: 152. 1896. Based on Setaria 
magna Griseb. 

Chaetochloa magna Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Setaria magna Griseb. 

Setaria nigrirostris (Nees) Dur. and Schinz, 
Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 774. 1894. Based on 
Panicum nigrirostris Nees. 

Panicum nigrirostris Nees, Fl. Afr. Austr. 
55. 1841. South Africa. 

Chaetochloa nigrirostris Skeels, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 207: 
22. 1911. Based on Panicum nigri- 
rostris Nees. 

Setaria palmifolia (Koen.) Stapf, Linn. 
Soc. Jour. Bot. 42: 186. 1914. Based 
on Panicum palmifolium Koen. (Natur- 
forscher 23: 208. 1788, same as P. 
palmifolium Willd.) 

Panicum plicatum Willd., Enum. PI. 1033. 
1809. Asia. Not P. plicatum Lam., 
1791. 

Panicum palmifolium Willd. ex Poir., in 
Lam., Encycl. Sup. 4: 282. 1816. 
Based on P. plicatum Willd. 

Chamaeraphis palmifolia WKuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891. Based on Pani- 
cum palmifolium Willd. 

Chaetochloa palmifolia Hitche. and Chase, 
U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 18: 348. 
1917. Based on Panicum palmifolium 
Willd. 

Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 1: 47. 1829. Based on Panicum 
poiretianum Schult. 

Panicum elongatum Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 4: 278. 1816. Not P. elonga- 
tum Salisb., 1796, nor Pursh, 1814. 
Brazil. 

Panicum poiretianum Schult., Mantissa 
2: 229. 1824. Based on P. elongatum 
Poir. 

Chaetochloa poiretiana Hitche., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 159. 1920. 
Based on Panicum poiretianum Schult. 

Setaria rariflora Mikan ex Trin., in Spreng., 
Neu. Entd. 2: 78. 1821. Brazil. 

Chaetochloa rariflora Hitche. and Chase, 


953 


U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 18: 349. 
1917. Based on Setaria rariflora Mikan. 

Panicum rariflorum Makino and Nemoto, 
Fl. Jap. 1475. 1925. Not P. rariflora 
Lam., 1798. Based on Setaria rariflora 
Mikan. 

(7) Setaria scheelei (Steud.) Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 163. 1928. Based 
on Panicum scheelei Steud. 

Setaria polystachya Scheele, Linnaea 22: 
339. 1849. Not S. polystachya Schrad., 
1824. New Braunfels, Tex., Lindheimer 
564. 

Panicum scheelei Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 51. 1854. Based on Setaria poly- 
stachya Scheele. 

Chaetochloa polystachya Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
37. f. 22. 1900. Based on Setaria poly- 
stachya Scheele. 

Chaetochloa scheelei Hitche., U. S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 12: 207. f. 62. 1920. 
Based on Panicum scheelei Steud. 

Setaria setosa (Swartz) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
51, 178. 1812. Based on Panicum 
setosum Swartz. 

Panicum setosum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Oce. 22. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Panicum caudatum Lam., Tabl. Eneyel. 1: 
La Oe Brazil: 

Setaria caudata Roem. and Schult., Syst. 
Veg. 2: 495. 1817. Based on Panicum 
caudatum Lam. 

Setaria setosa var. caudata Griseb., FI. 
Brit. W. Ind. 555. 1864. Based on 
Setaria caudata Roem. and Schult. 

Pennisetum swartzii F. Muell., Fragm. 
Phyt. Austr. 8: 110. 1873. Based on 
Panicum setosum Swartz. 

Chamaeraphis setosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 768. 1891. Based on Panicum 
setosum Swartz. 

Chamaeraphis caudata Britton, Ann. N. Y. 
Acad. Sci. 7: 264. 1893. Based on 
Panicum caudatum Lam. 

Chaetochloa setosa Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum setosum Swartz. 

Chaetochloa caudata Scribn., Mo. Bot. 
Gard. Rpt. 10: 52. 1899. Based on 
Panicum caudatum Lam. 

Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Stapf and C. E. 


Hubb., Kew Bul. Misc. Inf. 1929: 
184, 195. 1929 (basis not given); in 
Prain, Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 795. 1980. 


Based on Panicum sphacelatum Schum. 
Panicum sphacelatum Schum., Beskr. 
Guin. Pl. 78. 1827. Guinea, Africa. 
Setaria aurea Hochst., Flora 24: 276. 

1841. Abyssinia. 

(3) Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 51, 178. 1812. Based on 
Panicum verticillatum L. 

Panicum verticillatum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 
1: 82. 1762. Kurope. 
Pennisetum verticillatum R. Br., Prodr. FI. 


954 


Nov. Holl. 195. 1810. Based on Pani- 
cum verticillatum L. 

Chamaeraphis italica var.  verticillata 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 768. 
Based on Panicum verticillatum L. 

Chamaeraphis verticillata Porter, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 20: 196. 1893. Based 
on Panicum verticillatum L. 

Ixophorus verticillatus Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 422. 1895. Based on 
Panicum verticillatum L. 

Chaetochloa verticillata Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 
1897. Based on Panicum verticillatum 


Chaetochloa brevispica Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
15.f.5. 1900. Published as a new name 
for Panicum verticillatum var. parvi- 
florum Doell, the identity of which is 
uncertain. The plants described and 
figured by Scribner and Merrill are S. 
verticillata. 

Setaria brevispica Schum. in Just’s Bot. 
Jahresber. 281: 417. 1902. Based on 
Chaetochloa brevispica Scribn. and Merr. 

Chaetochloa verticillata var. breviseta 
(Godr.) Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. 
Papers 1: 86. 1921, based on a Euro- 
pean type not examined. 

SETARIA VERTICILLATA Var. AMBIGUA (Guss.) 
Parl., Fl. Palerm. 1:36. 1845. Based on 
Panicum verticillatum var. ambiguum 
Guss. 

Panicum verticillatum var. ambiguum 
Guss., Fl. Sic. Prodr. 80. 1827. Sicily. 

Setaria ambigua Guss., Fl. Sic. Syn. 1: 
114. 1842. Not S. ambigua Merat, 
1836. Based on Panicum verticillatum 
var. ambiguum Guss. 

Setaria viridis var. ambigua Coss. and 
Dur., Expl. Sci. Alger. 2: 36. 1854. 
Based on S. ambigua Guss. 

Panicum ambiguum Hausskn., Oesterr. 
Bot. Ztschr. 25: 345. 1875. Based on 
Setaria ambigua Guss. 

Setaria viridis var. purpurascens Peck ex 
Dudley, Cornell Univ. Bul. 2: 122. 
1886. Not S. viridis var. purpurascens 
Peterm. 1838. New York, Peck. 

Chamaeraphis italica var. ambigua Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 768. 1891. Based on 
Setaria ambigua Guss. 

Chaetochloa ambigua Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
18. f. 7. 1900. Based on Setaria verti- 
cillata var. ambigua Guss. 

(5) Setaria villosissima (Scribn. and Merr.) 
Schum., Just’s Bot. Jahresber. 28}: 
417, 1902. Based on Chaetochloa villo- 
sissima Scribn. and Merr. 

Chaetochloa villosissima Scribn. and Merr., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 21: 
34. f. 19. 1900. San Diego, Tex., J. G. 
Smith in 1897. 

(12) Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 


1891. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Bi, 178. 
viride Li. 

Panicum viride L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
870. 1759. Europe. 

Pennisetum viride R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. 
Holl. 1: 195. 1810. Based on Panicum 
viride L. 

Setaria weinmanni Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 490. 1817. Europe. 

Panicum viride var. brevisetum Doell, 
Rhein. Fl. 128. 1843. Europe. 

Setaria viridis var. weinmanni Borbds, 
Math. Termesz. Kézlem. 15: 310. 
1878. Based on WSetaria weinmanni 
Roem. and Schult. 

Panicum italicum var. viride Koern., in 
Koern. and Wern., Handb. Getreide- 
bau. 1: 277. 1885. Based on Panicum 
viride L. 

Chamaeraphis italica var. viridis Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 767. 1891. Based on 
Panicum viride L. 

Chamaeraphis viridis Millsp., W. Va. 
Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 2: 466. 1892. 
Based on Panicum viride L. 

Izophorus viridis Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 428. 1895. Based on Panicum 
viride L. 

Chaetochloa viridis Seribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 39. 1897. 
Based on Panicum viride L. 

Setaria viridis var. breviseta Hitchce., 
Rhodora 8: 210. 1906. Based on 
Panicum viride var. brevisetum Doell. 

Setaria italica subsp. viridis Thell., Mém. 
Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 38: 85. 1912. 
Based on Panicum viride L. 

Chaetochloa viridis var. breviseta Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 1: 86. 1921. 
Based on Panicum viride var. brevisetum 
Doell. 

Chaetochloa viridis var. weinmanni House, 

State Mus. Bul. 2438-244: 39. 
1923. Based on Setaria weinmanni 
Roem. and Schult. 

Chaetochloa viridis var. major (Gaudin) 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 1: 86. 
1921, and C. viridis var. minor (Koch) 
Farwell (1.c.) based on European types not 
examined. 


1812. Based on Panicum 


(65) SIEGLINGIA Bernh. 


(1) Sieglingia decumbens (L.) Bernh., 
Syst. Verz. Erf. 20:44. 1800. Based on 
Festuca decumbens L. 

Festuca decumbens L., Sp. Pl. 75. 1753. 
Europe. 

Poa decumbens Scop., Fl. Carn. ed. 2. 1: 
69. 1772. Based on Festuca decumbens 


Danthonia decumbens Lam. and DC., 
Fl. Frang. ed. 3, 33. 1805. Based on 
Festuca d cumbens L. 

Triodia decumbens Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
76, 160. pl. 15. f. 9. 1812. Based on 
‘Danthonia decumbens Decand.” 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 955 


SINOCALAMUS McClure 


Sinocalamus oldhami (Munro) McClure, 
Lingnan Univ. Sci. Bul. 9: 67. 1940. 
Based on Bambusa oldhami Munro. 

’ Bambusa oldhami Munro, Trans. Linn. 
Soc. 26: 109. 1868. Formosa. 


(47) SITANION Raf. 


(1) Sitanion hanseni (Scribn.) J. G. Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 
20. 1899. Based on Elymus hansent 
Scribn. 

Elymus hanseni Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 56. f. 12. 1898. 
Amador County, Calif., Hansen 1742, 

Sitanion planifoium J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 19. 
1899. Skamania County, Wash., Swks- 
dorf 224, 

Sitanion anomalum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 20. 
pl. 4. 1899. Pasadena, Calif., Allen in 
1885. 

Sitanion leckenbyi Piper, Erythea 7: 100. 
1899. Wawawai, Wash., Piper 3008. 

Sitanion rubescens Piper, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 30: 234. 1903. Mount 
Rainier, Wash., Piper 1954. 

Elymus leckenbyi Piper, U. 8. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 11: 151. 1906. Based on 
Sitanion leckenbyi Piper. 

Sitanion hanseni anomalum Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 160. 1928. 
Based on S. anomalum J. G. Smith. 

(3) Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 
15. pl. 2. 1899. Based on Aegilops 
hystrix Nutt. 

Aegilops hystrix Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 86. 
1818. Plains of the Missouri. 

Sitanion elymoides Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 103. 1819. Missouri [River]. 

Elymus sitanion Schult., Mantissa 2: 426. 
1824. Based on Sitanion elymoides Raf. 

Polyanthrix hystrix Nees, Ann. Nat. Hist. 
1: 284. 1838. Based on Aegilops hystrix 
Nutt., but misapplied to S. jubatum. 

Elymus elymoides Swezey, Nebr. PI. 

Doane Col. 15. 1891. Based on Sitan- 
ton elymoides Ralf. 

Sitanion minus J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 12. 1899. 
Jacumba Hot Springs, Calif., Schoene- 
feldt 3277. 

Sitanion rigidum J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 13. 1899. 
Cascade Mountains, Wash., Allen 178. 

Sitanion californicum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 13. 
1899. San Bernardino Mountains, Calif., 
Parish 3295. 7 

Sitanion glabrum J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 14. 1899. 
Coso Mountains, Calif., Coville and 
Funston 914. 

Sitanion cinereum J. G. Smith, U. §, 


Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 14. 
1899. Reno, Nev., Tracy 222. 

Sitanion insulare J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 14. 
1899. Carrington Island, Salt Lake, 
Utah, Watson 1338. 

Chretomeris trichoides Nutt. ex J. G. 
Smith, U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 18: 15. 1899, as synonym of 
Sitanion hystrix. 

Elymus difformis Nutt. ex J. G. Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bull. 18: 
15. 1899, as synonym of Siztanion 
hystrix. 

Sitanion montanum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 16. 
1899. Spanish Creek, Mont., Rydberg 
3091. ; 

Sitanion caespitosum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 16. 
1899. Cliff, N. Mex., J. G. Smith in 
1897. 

Sitanion strigosum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 17. 
1899. Sheep Creek, Mont., Rydberg 
3298. 

Sitanion molle J. G. Smith, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 17. 1899. 
Larimer County, Colo., Shear and 
Bessey 1469. 

Sitanion brevifolium J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 17. 
1899. Tucson, Ariz., Toumey 797. 

Sitanion longifolium J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 18. 
1899. Silverton, Colo., Shear 1213. 

Sitanion pubiflorum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 19. 
1899. Tucson, Ariz., Toumey 795. 

Sitanion latifolium Piper, Erythea 7: 99. 
1899. Blue Mountains, Walla Walla 
County, Wash., Piper in 1896. 

Sitanion marginatum Scribn. and Merr., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 29: 469. 1902. 
Leigh Lake, Teton Mountains, Wyo., 
Merrill and Wilcox 334. 

Elymus glaber Davy, Calif. Univ. Pubs., 
Bot. 1: 57. 1902. Based on Sitanion 
glabrum J. G. Smith. 

Elymus pubiflorus Davy, Calif. Univ. 
Pubs., Bot. 1: 58. 1902. Based on 
Sitanion pubijlorum J. G. Smith. 

Sitanion velutinum Piper, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 30: 233. 1903. Steptoe, 
Wash., G. R. Vasey in 1901. 

Sitanion basalticola Piper, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 30: 234. 1903. Coulee City, 
Wash., Piper 3924. 

Sitanion albescens Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 57. 
1903. Ellensburg, Wash., Whited 670. 
Sitanion ciliatum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 
58. 1903. Wenatchee, Wash., Whited 

in 1901. 

Hordeum elymoides Schenck, Bot. Jahrb. 
Engler 40: 109. 1907. Based on Sztan- 
ion elymoides Raf. 

Elymus brevifolius Jones, West. Bot. 


956 
Contrib. 14: 20. 1912. Based on Sitan- 
ion brevifolium J. G. Smith. 

Elymus hystrix Jones, West. Bot. Con- 
trib. 14: 20. 1912. Not £. hystriz L. 
Based on Aegilops hystrix Nutt. 

Elymus insularis Jones, West. Bot. Con- 
trib. 14: 20. 1912. Based on Sitanion 
insulare J. G. Smith. 

Elymus minor Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 
14: 20. 1912. Based on Sitanion minus 
J. G. Smith. 

Sitanion rigidum var. californicum Smiley, 
Calif. Univ. Pubs., Bot. 9: 99. 1921. 
Based on S. californicum J. G. Smith. 

Sitanion hordeoides Suksdorf, Werdenda 
12: 4. 1923. Spangle, Wash., Suksdorf 
8705. 

(2) Sitanion jubatum J. G. Smith, U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 10. 
1899. Waitsburg, Wash., Horner 573. 

Elymus sitanion jubatum J. G. Smith, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 
10. 1899, as synonym of S. zubatum. 

Sitanion villosum J. G. Smith, U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 11. pl. 1. 
1899. Almota, Wash., Elmer 266. 

Sitanion multisetum J. G. Smith, U. §S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. ‘18: it 
1899, Tehachapi Valley, Calif., Coville 
and Funston 1121. 

Sitanion polyanthrix J. G. Smith, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 12. 
1899. California, Douglas. New name 
given to the species described by Nees 
under Polyanthrix hystrix, that name 
being based on Aegilops hystrix Nutt. 

Sitanion breviaristatum J. G. Smith, U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 18: 12. 
1899. Panamint Mountains, Calif., 
Coville and Funston 838. 

Sitanion strictum Elmer, Bot. Gaz. 36: 
59. 1903. Parker, Wash., Elmer in 
1898. 

Elymus multisetus Jones, West. Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 20. 1912. Based on 
Sitanion multisetum J. G. Smith. 


(157) SORGHASTRUM Nash 


(2) Sorghastrum elliottii (Mohr) Nash, N. 
Amer. Fl. 17: 130. 1912. Based on 
Chrysopegon elliottit Mohr. 

Chrysopogon elliottii Mohr, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 24: 21. 1897. Based on 
Andropogon nutans as described by 
Elliott, not A. nutans L. 

(1) Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 66. 1908. 
Based on Andr opogon nutans Li. 

Andropogon nutans L., Sp. Pl. 1045. 
1753. “Virginia, Jamaica.”’ [Type east- 
ern America, ’Kalm; cited localities 
erroneous. | 

?Stipa villosa Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 1788. 
South Carolina. 

Andropogon avenaceus Michx., FI. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 58. 1803. Illinois, Michauz. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Andropogon ciliatus Ell., Bot. S. C. and | 
Ga. 1: 144. 1816. Port Royal, 8. C. .@ 

Andropogon arenaceus Raf., ‘West. Rev. 
Mise. Mag. 1: 95. 1819. "Error for A. 
avenaceus. 

Sorghum nutans A. Gray, Man. 617. 
1848. Based on Andropogon nutans L. 

Sorghum avenaceum Chapm., FI. South. 
U.S. 583. 1860. Based on ’ Andropogon 
avenaceus Michx. 

Chrysopogon nutans Benth., Linn. Soe. 
Jour. Bot. 19: 73. 1881. Based on 
Andropogon nutans L. 

Chrysopogon avenaceus Benth., Linn. Soe. 
Jour. Bot. 19: 73. 1881. Based on 
Andropogon avenaceus Michx. 

Sorghum nutans subsp. avenaceum Hack. 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 23: 2742 18838 
Based on "Andropogon avenaceus Michx. 

Sorghum nutans subsp. linnaeanum Hack. 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2%: 276: 18838 
Based on Andr opogon nutans L. 

Andropogon albescens Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
a 1886. Vera Cruz, Mexico, Gouin 

Andropogon confertus Trin. ex Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2:55. 1886. Texas, Berlandier 
1878. 

Andropogon nutans var. avenaceus Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 530. 1889. 
Based on Andropogon avenaceus Michx. 

Andropogon nutans var. linnaeanus Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 531. 1889. 
Based on Sorghum nutans subsp. lin- 
naeanum Hack. 

Chrysopogon nutans var. avenaceus Coville 
and Branner, Rpt. Geol. Surv. Ark. 4: 
234. 1891. Based on Andropogon 
avenaceus Michx. 

Poranthera nutans Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 606. 1894, as synonym of 
Chrysopogon nutans. 

Poranthera ciliata Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 606. 1894, as synonym of 
Chrysopogon avenaceus. 

Chrysopogon nutans var. linnaeanus Mohr, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 24: 21. 1897. 
Based on Sorghum nutans subsp. 
linnaeanum Hack. 

Sorghastrum avenaceum Nash in Britton, 


Man. 71. 1901. Based on Andropogon 
avenaceus Michx. 
Andropogon linnaeanus  Scribn. and 


Kearn. in Scribn. and Ball., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 24: 40. 
1901. Based on Sor ghum nutans subsp. 
linnaeanum Hack. 

Sorghastrum linnaeanum Nash in Small, 
F]. Southeast. U. S. 66. 1903. Based 
on Andropogon nutans var. linnaeanus 
Hack., but misapplied to S. elliotti 
(Mohr) Nash. 

Holcus nutans Kuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 48. 1904. 
Presumably based on Andropogon 
nutans L. 

Holcus nutans var. avenaceus Hack. ex 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 
48. 1904. Presumably based on Andro- 
pogon avenaceus Michx.. 

Chalcoelytrum nutans Lunell, Amer. Mid. 
Nat. 4: 212. 1915. Based on Andro- 
pogon nutans I. 

(3) Sorghastrum secundum (EIlI.) Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 67. 1908. 
Based on Andropogon secundus Ell. 

Andropogon secundus Ell., Bot. 8. C. and 
Ga. 1: 580. 1821. Between Flint and 
Chattahoochee Rivers, Ga. 

Sorghum secundum Chapm., Fl. South. 
U.S. 583. 1860. Based on Andropogon 
secundus El. 

Chrysopcgon secundus Benth. ex Vasey, 
Grasses U. 8. 20. 1883. Based on 
Sorghum secundum Chapm. 

Andropogon unilateralis Hack. in DC., 
Monogr. Phan. 6: 533. 1889. Based 
on Sorghum secundum Chapm. 


(156) SORGHUM Moench 
(1) Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 


1: 101. 1805. Based on Holcus hale- 
pensis L. 

Holcus halepensis L., Sp. Pl. 1047. 1753. 
Syria. 


Blumenbachia halepensis Koel., Descr. 
Gram. 29. 1802. Based on Holcus 
halepensis L. 

Milium halepense Cav., Descr. Pl. 306. 
1802. Based on Holcus halepensis L. 
Andropogon halepensis Brot., F]. Lusit. 1: 

a 1804. Based on Holcus halepensis 

Andropogon sorghum subsp. halepensis 
Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 501. 
1889. Based on Holcus halepensis L. 

Andropogon halepensis var. anatherus 
Piper, Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 28: 28. 
1915. Marco, Fla., Hitchcock Fla. Pl. 
1900. Spikelets awnless. 

Sorghum lanceolatum Stapf, in Prain, FI. 
iope Adres Ota tel 26. 1917. = Tropical 
Africa. 

Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf in Prain, 
Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 113. 1917. Based on 
Andropogon sorghum sudanensis Piper. 

Andropogon sorghum sudanensis Piper, 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 28: 33. 1915. 
Grown at Arlington Farm (near Wash- 
ington, D. C.), seed from Sudan. 

Holcus sorghum sudanensis Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 29: 128. 1916. 
Based on Andropogon sorghum suda- 
nensis Piper. 

Holcus sudanensis Bailey, Gentes Herb. 
1: 132. 1923. Based on Andropogon 
sorghum sudanensis Piper. 

Sorghum vulgare var. sudanense Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour., 17: 147. 1927. 
Based on Andropogon sorghum var, 
sudanense Piper. 

Sorghum virgatum (Hack.) Stapf in Prain, 
Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 111. 1917. Based on 


957 


Andropogon sorghum subsp. halepensis 
var. virgatus Hack. 

Andropogon sorghum subsp. halepensis 
var. virgatus Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 504. 1889. Egypt. 

Holcus virgatus Bailey, Gentes Herb. 1: 
132. 19238. Based on Andropogon sor- 
ghum subsp. halepensis var. virgatus 
Hack. 

(2) Sorghum vulgare Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 101. 
1805. Based on Holcus sorghum L. 


Holcus sorghum L., Sp. Pl. 1047. 1753. 
India. 
Holcus bicolor L., Mant. Pl. 2: 301. 1771. 


Persia. 

Sorghum bicolor Moench, Meth. Pl. 207. 
1794. Based on Holcus bicolor L. 

Andropogon sorghum Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 
88. 1804. Based on Holcus sorghum L. 

Holcus cernuus Muhl., Descr. Gram. 276. 
1817. Garden plant. 

Andropogon vulgaris Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 307. 1825. Based on 
Sorghum vulgare Pers. 

Sorghum vulgare var. bicolor Eaton and 
Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 488. 
1840. Not 8S. vulgare var. bicolor 
Schrad., 1838. North America. 

Sorghum sorghum Karst., Deut. Fl. 367. 
f. 189. 1880. Based on Holcus sor- 
ghum L. 

Andropogon sorghum var. sativus Hack. 
in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 505. 1889. 
Group name. 

Andropogon sorghum subsp. sativus var. 
vulgaris Hack. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 
6:515. 1889. Based on Sorghum vulgare 
Pers. 

Andropogon sorghum var. vulgaris Hack. 
ex Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 7: 184. 1896. 
Based on A. sorghum subsp. sativus var. 
vulgaris Hack. 

SORGHUM VULGARE Var. CAFFRORUM (Retz.) 
Hubb. and Rehder, Harvard Univ. 
Bot. Mus. Leaflet 1: 10. 1932. Based 
on Holcus caffrorum Thunb., the same 
as Panicum caffrorum Retz. 

Panicum caffrorum Retz., Obs. Bot. 2: 
7. 1781. Cape of Good Hope, Africa, 
grown under the name “‘Cafferkorn.”’ 

Holcus caffrorum Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 
1:20. 1794. Cape of Good Hope. 

Sorghum caffrorum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
131, 164, 178. 1812. Based on Holcus 
caffrorum Thunb. 

Holcus sorghum var. caffrorum Bailey, 
Gentes Herb. 1: 1338. 1923. Based on 
Holcus caffrorum Thunb.  Retzius’ 
publication not cited. 


SORGHUM VULGARE var. DRUMMONDII (Nees) 


Hack. ex Chiov., Result. Sci. Miss. 
Stefan.-Paoli Somal. Ital. 1 Coll. Bot. 
224. 1916. Based on Andropogon 
drummondii Nees in Steud. 

Andropogon drummondii Nees in Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 393. 1854. New 
Orleans, La., Drummond 588. 


958 


Andropogon sorghum subsp. sativus var. 
drummendit Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 507. 1889. Based on Andro- 
pogon drummondii Nees. 

Sorghum drummondii Nees ex Hack., in 
DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 507. 1889, as 
synonym of Andropogon sorghum subsp. 
sativus var. drummondii Hack. 

Sorghum drummondii Millsp. and Chase, 
Field Columb. Mus. Publ. Bot. 3: 21. 
1903. Based on Andropogon drummondii 
Nees. 

Holcus sorghum drummondii Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 29: 128. 1916. 
Based on Andropogon drummondii 
Nees. 

SORGHUM VULGARE var. DURRA (Forsk.) 
Hubb. and Rehder, Harvard Univ. Bot. 
Mus. Leaflets 1: 10. 19382. Based on 
Holcus durra Forsk. 

Holcus durra Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 
174. 1775. Egypt and Arabia. 

Andropogon sorghum subsp. sativus var. 
durra Hack., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 6: 
516. 1889. Based on Holcus durra 
Forsk. 

Holcus sorghum var. durra Bailey, Gentes 
Herb. 1: 132. 1923. Based on Holcus 
durra Forsk. 

SORGHUM VULGARE var. ROXBURGHII (Stapf) 
Haines, Bot. Bihar and Orissa pt. 5: 
1034. 1924. Based on Sorghum roz- 
burghit Stapf. 

Sorghum roxburghii Stapf in Prain, FI. 
Trop. Afr. 9: 126. 1917. Africa. 

SORGHUM VULGARE Var. SACCHARATUM (L.) 
Boerl., Ann. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg 8: 
69. 1890. Based on Sorghum saccha- 
ratum Pers. 

Holcus saccharatus L., Sp. Pl. 1047. 1753. 
India. 

Sorghum saccharatum Moench, Meth. PI. 
207. 1794. Based on Holcus saccha- 
ratus L. Listed as new Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 
101. 1805, same basis. 

Andropogon saccharatus Raspail, Ann. 
Sci. Nat., Bot. 5: 307. 1825. Based 
on Sorghum saccharatum Pers. 

Andropogon sorghum var. saccharatus 
Alefeld, Landw. Fl]. 318. 1866. Based 
on Holcus saccharatus L. 

Sorghum halepense var. saccharatum Goir- 
an, Nuov. :‘Gior.” Bot: tale ne ssau7: 
= 1910. Based on Holcus saccharatus 

Holcus sorghum var. saccharatus Bailey, 
Gentes Herb. 1: 132. 1928. Based on 
Holcus saccharatus L. 

SORGHUM VULGARE Var. TECHNICUM (Koern. ) 
Jav. Magyar Fl. 1:63. 1924. Based on 
Andropogon sorghum var. technicus 
Koern. 

Andropogon sorghum var. technicus Koern. 
in Koern. and Wern., Handb. Getreide- 
bau. 1: 308. 1885. Cultivated. 

Andropogon sorghum subsp. sativus var. 
technicus Koern. ex Hack., in DC., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Monogr. Phan. 6: 508. 1889. Based on 
A. sorghum var. technicus Koern. 

Holcus saccharatus var. technicus Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Ann. Rpt. 20: 163. 
1918. Based on Andropogon sorghum 
var. technicus Koern. 

Holcus sorghum var. technicus Bailey, 
Gentes Herb. 1: 1382. 1923. Based on 
Andropogon sorghum var. technicus 
Koern. 


(107) SPARTINA Schreb. 


(4) Spartina alterniflora Loisel., Fl. Gall. 
719. 1807. France. 

Dartylis maritima Walt., Fl. Carol. 77. 
1788. Not D. maritima Curtis, 1787. 
South Carolina. 

Trachynotia alterniflora DC., Fl. Frang. 5: 
279. 1815. Based on Spartina alterni- 
flora Loisel. 

Spartina glabra Muhl. ex Ell., Bot. 8. C. 
and Ga, 1: 95. pl. 4. f. 2. 1816. South 
Carolina and Georgia. Name only, 
Muhl., Cat. Pls; 183: 

Limnetis glabra Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 38. 
1818, name only; Eaton and Wright, 
N. Amer. Bot. 301. 1840. Presumably 
based on Spartina glabra Muhl. 

Spartina laevigata Bosc ex Spreng., 
Schrad. and Link, Jahrb. Gewichsk. 
18; 92. 1820. North America, Bosc. 

Trachynotia alternifolia Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2:695. 1841, error for T. alterni- 
flora. 

Spartina stricta var. alterniflora A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 2. 552. 1856. Based on S. 
alterniflora Loisel. 

Spartina stricta var. glabra A. Gray, Man. 
ed. 2. 552. 1856. Based on S. glabra 
Mubhl. 

Spartina stricta maritima Scribn., Torrey 
Bot. Club Mem. 5: 45. 1894. Based 
on Dactylis maritima Walt. 

Spartina glabra alterniflora Merr., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 9: 
9. 1902. Based on Spartina alterniflora 
Loisel. 

Spartina glabra pilosa Merr., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Bur. Plant Indus.. Bul. 9: 9. 
1902. Atlantic City, N. J., Scribner in 
1895. 

Spartina alterniflora var. glabra Fernald, 
Rhodora 18: 178. 1916. Based on 
S. glabra Muhl. 

Spartina alterniflora var. pilosa Fernald, 
Rhodora 18: 179. 1916. Based on S. 
glabra pilosa Merr. 

Spartina maritima subsp. glabra var. 
glabra St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 24, 49. 
pl. 1. f. b-2. 1932. Based on S. glabra 
Muhl. 

Spartina maritima subsp. glabra var. 
alterniflora St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 
25, 53. pl. 2. f. a-4. 1932. Based on S. 
alterniflora Loisel. 

Spartina maritima subsp. glabra subvar. 


oe 


pilosa St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 51. pl. 1. 

f. c-38. 1932. Based on S. glabra piiosa 
Merr. 

Spartina merrillii Chevalier, Bul. Soc. 
MPanNCe SOs (Slay PliOa tf. e-., L9da. 
Long Island, N. Y., Bicknell 11800. 

(6) Spartina bakeri Merr., U. S. Dept. 
Aer Burs, elant Indus. Bul: 9: 14. 
1902. Lake Ola, Fla., C. H. Baker 14. 

Spartina juncea var. bakerit St.-Yves, 
Candollea 5: 27, 91. pl. 9. f. c. 1982. 
Based on S. bakert Merr. 

(7) Spartina caespitosa A. A. Eaton, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 25: 338. 1898. Sea- 
brook, N. H., A. A. Eaton. 

Spartina patens var. caespitosa Hitchce., 
Rhodora 8: 210. 1906. Based on S. 
caespitosa A. A. Eaton. 

(2) Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth, Catal. 
Bot. 3: 10. 1806. Based on Dactylis 
cynosuroides L. 

Dactylis cynosuroides L., Sp. Pl. 71. 1753. 
Virginia, Canada. 

Trachynotia polystachya Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 64. 1803. New England to 
Florida. [Type, South Carolina, Mich- 
aux.| 

Trachynotia cynosuroides Michx., F]. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 64. 1803. Based on Dactylis 
cynosuroides L., but misapplied to S. 
pectinata. 

Paspalum cynosuroides Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 
83. 1804. Based on Dactylis cynosur- 
oides L. 

Limnetis cynosuroides L. Rich. in Pers., 
Syn. Pl. 1:72. 1805. Based on Dactylis 

- cynosuroides L. 

Limnetis polystachia L. Rich. in Pers., 
Syn. Pl. 1:72. 1805. Based on T'rachy- 
notia polystachya Michx. 

Spartina polystachya Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
25, 178, 179. 1812. Presumably based 
on Trachynotia polystachya Michx. 

Cynodon cynosuroides Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 303. 1825. Based on 
Spartina cynosurotdes Roth. 

Spartina cynosuroides var. polystachya 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 398. 1896. 
Based on T'rachynotia  polystachya 
Michx. 

_ (3) Spartina foliosa Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 


Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 114. 1840. 
California. 

Spartina leiantha Benth., Bot. Voy. 
Sulph. 56. 1844. Bay of Magdalena, 


Baja California [Barclay]. 

Spartina densiflora var. typica subvar. 
brongniartta forma acuta St.-Yves, 
Candollea 5: 76, 81. 1932. Eureka, 
Calif. [Heller 13871.] 

(8) Spartina gracilis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 110. 1840. 
North America. 

(9) Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 55. 1817. Based on Dactylis 
patens Ait. 

Dactylis patens Ait., Hort. Kew. 1: 104. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


959 


1789. Grown in England, seed from 
North America. 

Spartina pumila Roth, Catal. Bot. 3: 10. 
1806. New York. 

Spartina juncea var. patens St.-Yves, 
Candollea 5: 27, 86. 1932. Based on 
Dactylis patens Ait. 

SPARTINA PATENS var. MONOGYNA (M. A. 
Curtis) Fernald, Rhodora 49: 114. 
1947. Based on Limnetis juncea var. 
monogyna M. A. Curtis. 

Trachynotia juncea Michx., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 1: 64. 18038. South Carolina 
and Georgia, Michauz. 

Limnetis juncea L. Rich. in Pers., Syn. 
Pl. 1: 72. . 1805. Based on Trachynotia 
quncea Michx. 

Spartina juncea Willd., Enum. Pl. 81. 
1809. Based on Trachynotia juncea 
Michx. 

Limnetis juncea var. monogyna M. A. 
Curtis, Boston - Jour. Nat. Hist. 1: 
oe 1835. Mouth of Cape Fear River, 


Spartina americana Roth ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 
109. 1840, as synonym of S. juncea 
Willd. 

Spartina patens var. juncea_ Hitchce., 
Rhodora 8: 210. 1906. Based on 
Trachynotia juncea Michx. 

Spartina juncea subvar. americana St.- 
Yves, Candollea 5: 27, 84. pl. 8. 
f. b-20. 1932. Based on S. Juncea 
Willd. 

(1) Spartina pectinata Link, Jahrb. Ge- 
wachsk. 13: 92. 1820. North America 
[type collected by Bose probably at 
Wilmington, N. C.]. 

Spartina cynosuroides var. aureo-margi- 
nata Irving, Gard. Chron. 38: 372. 
1905. Grown at Kew Gardens, received 
from New York Botanical Garden. 

Spartina michauxiana Hitche., U.S. Natl. 
Herb. .Contrib. 12: 153. 1908. Based 
upon the plant described by Michaux 
as Trachynotia cynosuroides (that name 
based on Dactylis cynosuroides L.). 
[Near Hudson Bay, Michauz.] 

Spartina michauziana var. suttier Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 352. 1920. 
Orchard Lake, Mich., Suétze. 

Spartina michauziana var. tenuior Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 352. 1920. 
River Rouge, Mich., [Farwell] 5138. 

Spartina cynosuroides var. michauxiana 
St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 58. pl. 3 f. a-7. 
1932. Based on S. michauxiana Hitche. 

Spartina cynosuroides var. michauxiana — 
forma major St.-Yves, Candollea 5: 
61, 62. 1932. Canada, Victorin 11358; 
Victorin and Germain 9055; other 
specimens cited from Nova Scotia, 
Newfoundland, Massachusetts, Ohio, 
Illinois, Minnesota, and Missouri. 

Spartina cynosuroides X gracilis St.-Yves, 
Candollea 5: 66. pl. 4. f. b-10. 1932. 


960 


* * * “Oregon, Ballards Landing, Cu- 
sick 221 in 1890” [error for 2221 in 
1899]. 

Spartina pectinata var. suttiei Fernald, 
Rhodora 35: 260. 1933. Based on S, 
michauxiana var. suttiet Farwell. 

(5) Spartina spartinae (Trin.) Merr., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Bur. Plant Indus. Bul. 9: 
11. 1902, as synonym of S. junciformis 
Engelm. and Gray ex Hitche., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 17: 329. 1913. 
Based on Vilfa spartinae Trin. 

Vilfa spartinae Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 82. 1840. 
Texas. 

Spartina junciformis Engelm. and Gray, 
Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. Jour. 5: 238. 
1845. Texas, Lindheimer [207]. 

Spartina gouini Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 135. 
1886. Vera Cruz, Gouin 72. 

Spartina multiflora Vasey ex Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 400. 1896, as synonym 
of S. gunciformis Engelm. and Gray. 

Spartina pittieri Hack., Oesterr. Bot. 
Ztschr. 52: 237. 1902. Costa Rica, 
Pittier 4209. 

Spartina densiflora var. junciformis St.- 
Yves, Candollea 5: 26, 77. pl. 7. f. 
a-16. 19382. Based on S. junciformis 
Engelm. and Gray. 


(56) SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. 
(5) Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapm.)Scribn., 


Rhodora 8: 144. 1906. Based on 
Eatonia pennsylvanica var. filiformis 
Chapm. 

Eatonia pennsylvanica var. _filiformis 
Chapm., Fl. South. U. 8S. 560. 1860. 
Florida [type, Chapman] to South 
Carolina. 


Eatonia filiformis Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 
117. 1886. Based on Eatonia penn- 
sylvanica var. filiformis Chapm. 

Eatonia hybrida Vasey ex Beal, Grasses 
N. Amer. 2: 491. 1896. Florida, 
Curtiss in 1886. (The Hunting Creek, 
Va., specimen referred to is T’risetum 
pennsylvanicum (L.) Beauv., which 


see. 

Reboulea filiformis Farwell, Mich. Acad. 
Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 1916. Based on 
Eatonia pennsylvanica var. filiformis 
Chapm. 

(2) Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.)Rydb., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 36: 533. 1909. 
Based on Eatonia intermedia Rydb. 

Koeleria truncata var. major Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. 8. 1: 117. 18283. 
Deerfield, Mass., Cooley. 

Koeleria? pennsylvanica var. major Torr., 
Fl. N. Y. 2: 469. 1848. Based on 
Koeleria truncata var. major Torr. 

Reboulea pennsylvanica var. major A. 
Gray, Man. 591. 1848. Presumably 
based on Koeleria pennsylvanica var. 
major Torr. 

? Aira controversa Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1: 224, 
Ohio. 

? Aira capillacea Frank ex Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 224. 1854, as synonym of 
A. controversa Steud. 

Eatonia pennsylvanica var. major A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 2. 558. 1856. Presumably 
based on Koeleria truncata var. major 


1854. Cincinnati and Miami, 


Torr. 
Vilfa alba Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 
Proc. 1862: 89. 1862. Not V. alba 


Beauv., 1812. ‘Oregon, MSpalding’’ 
(locality probably erroneous, the ticket 
on the type specimen crossed out). 

Eatonia intermedia Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 602. 1905. East Gallatin 
Swamps, Mont., Rydberg 3174. 

Sphenopholis pallens major Scribn., Rho- 
dora 8: 145. 1906. Based on Koeleria 
truncata var. major Torr. 

Sphenopholis pallens var. major Scribn. 
ex Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 1908. 
Based on Koeleria truncata var. major 
Torr. 

Reboulea pallens var. major Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 1916. 
Based on Koeleria truncata var. major 
Torr. 

This is the species which has recently been 

called Sphenopholis pallens Scribn., but it 

is not the same as Aira pallens Bieler, on 
which that name is based. 

(3) Sphenopholis longiflora (Vasey) Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 453. 1933. 
Based on Eatonia pennsylvanica var. 
longiflora Vasey. 

Eatonia pennsylvanica var. longiflora 
Vasey ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natt. 
Herb. Contrib. 2: 544. 1894. Houston, 
Tex., Nealley in 1892. 

Eatonia longiflora Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 494. 1896. Based on EF. pennsyl- 
vanica var. longiflora Vasey. , 

Sphenopholis pallens longiflora  Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 145. 1906. Based on 
Eatonia -pennsylvanica var. longiflora 
Vasey. 

Reboulea pallens var. longiflora Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 1916. 
Based on Eatonia longiflora Beal. _ 

(4) Sphenopholis nitida (Bieler) Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 144. 1906. Based on Aira 
nitida Bieler. 

Aira nitida Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 8. 1807. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. 

Aira pennsylvuanica Spreng., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. 2: 299. pl. 7. 1807-08. 
Pennsylvania. 

Koeleria pennsyluanica DC., Cat. Hort. 
Monsp. 117. 1813. Based on Aira 
pennsylvanica Spreng. 

Aira mollis Muhl., Descr. Gram. 82. 
1817. Not A. mollis Schreb., 1771. 
Pennsylvania. Name only in Muhl., 
Cato biggie tsa: 

Trisetum pennsylvanicum Trin., Acad. St. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 961 


Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 
1: 66. 18380. Not T. pennsylvanicum 
Beauv. Based on Aira pennsylvanica 
Spreng. 

Glyceria pennsylvanica Heynh., Nom. 1: 
361. 1840. Based on Aira pennsyl- 

- vanica Spreng. 

Reboulea pennsylvanica A. Gray, Man. 
591. 1848. Based on Koeleria pennsyl- 
vanica DC. 

Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray, Man. ed. 
2. 558. 1856. Based on Koeleria 
pennsylvanica DC. 

Eatonia dudleyi Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 116. 
1886. Michigan to Long Island and 
Pennsylvania to North Carolina. [Type, 
Ithaca, N. Y., Dudley in 1882.] 

Eatonia nitida ‘Nash, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 22: 511. 1895. Based on Aira 
nitida Bieler. 

Eatonia glabra Nash, in Britton, Man. 
1043. 1901. Madison County, Tenn., 
Bain 507. 

Sphenopholis nitida glabra Scribn., Rho- 
dora 8: 145. 1906. Based on Eatonia 
glabra Nash. 

Sphenopholis nitida var. glabra Scribn. ex 
Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 1908. 
Based on Eatonia glabra Nash. 

Sphenopholis glabra Heller, Muhlenbergia 
6: 12. 1910. Based on Eatonia glabra 
Nash. 

Reboulea nitida Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. 
Rpt. 17:-181. 1916. Based on Azra 
nitida Bieler. 

Reboulea nitida var. glabra Farwell, Mich. 
Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 181. 1916. Based 
on Katonia glabra Nash. 

_ (1) Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 144. 1906. Based on Aira 
obtusata Michx. 

Aira obtusata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
62. 1808. Carolina to Florida [type], 
Michaux. 

Airopsis obtusata Desv., Jour. Bot. 1: 
200. 1808. Based on _ ‘‘Agrostis’’ 
error for Aira] obtusata Michx. 

Festuca obtusata Michx. ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 168. 1812. Name only, prob- 
ably error for Azra obtusata Michx. 

Aira truncata Muhl., Descr. Gram. 83. 
1817. Pennsylvania. Name only, Muhl., 
Cateeela lias alse 

Koeleria paniculata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 
(Add. 2): 1818. East Florida, fhe a 

Aira obtusa Raf., Jour. de Phys. 89: 104. 
1819. Name only under Hatonia. Doubt- 
less either error for A. obtusata Michx. 
or change of name. 

Koeleria truncata Torr., Fl. North. and 

PeVidsWUem Sel mllG.es 1823) Based on 
Aira truncata Muhl. 

Poa obtusata Link, Hort. Berol 1: 76. 
1827. Based on Aira obtusata Michx. 
Reboulea gracilis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 2: 
341. pl. 84. 1830. New England to 

Florida. 


Trisetum lobatum Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 66. 
1830. North America. 

Agrostis obtusata Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
1: 41, 1840, as synonym of Atropsis 
obtusata Desv. 

Koeleria lobata Trin. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 849. 1840. Not K. lobata 
Roem. and Schult., 1817. As synonym 
of Reboulea gracilis Kunth. 

Koeleria obtusata Trin. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 849. 1840, as synonym of 
Airopsis obtusata Desv. 

Reboulea obtusata A. Gray, Man. 591. 
1848. Based on Aira obtusata Michx. 
Eatonia obtusata A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 
558. 1856. Based on Aira obtusata 

Michx. 

Reboulea truncata Torr. ex Munro, Jour. 
Linn. Soc. Bot. 6: 48. 1862, as syn- 
onym of R. gracilis Kunth. 

Graphephorum densiflorum Fourn., Soc. 
Bot. France Bul. 24: 182. 1877. 
Name only. Mexico [Texas], Berlandier 
1617. 

Eatonia densiflora Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
111. 1886. Bejar, Tex., Berlandier 
1617. 

Aira mexicana Trin. ex Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
111. 1886, as synonym of Katonia 
densiflora Fourn. 

Eatonia obtusata var. robusta Vasey ex 
L. H. Dewey, U. 8. Natl. Herb. Con- 
trib. 2: 544. 1894. Western Texas 
[Wallisville, Wallis in 1881] to Arizona. 

Eatonia obtusata var. robusta Vasey ex 
Rydb., U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 
190. 1895. Mullen, Nebr., Rydberg 
1807. 

Eatonia obtusata var. purpurascens Vasey 
ex Rydb. and Shear, U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 30. 1897. “Vasey 
in U. S. Natl. Herb.” This, the type, 
from False Washita, Okla., Palmer 
404; Nebraska, Shear 252, 2521 14, Ryd- 
berg 2002, Kearney 271, also cited. 

Eatonia pubescens Scribn. and Merr., 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 
6. 1900. Starkville, Miss., Tracy. 

Eatonia robusta Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 32: 602. 1905. Based on’ £- 
obtusata var. robusta Vasey. 

Sphenophelis obtusata lobata Scribn., Rho- 
dora 8: 144. 1906. Based on T'risetum 
lobatum Trin. 

Sphenopholis obtusata pubescens Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 144. 1906. Based on 
Eatonia pubescens Scribn. and Merr. 

Eatonia annua Suksdorf, West. Amer. 
Sei. 15: 50. 1906. Dalles on Columbia 
River, Oreg., Suksdorf 1553. [Plants 
depauperate, flowering first year.| 

Sphenopholis obtusata var. pubescens 
Scribn. in Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 
1908. Based on Eatonia pubescens 
Scribn. and Merr. 

Sphenopholis obtusata var. lobata Scribn. 


962 


in Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 
Based on Trisetum lobatum Trin. 

Sphenopholis annua Heller, Muhlenbergia 
6: 12. 1910. Based on Eatonia annua 
Suksdorf. 

Sphenophelis pubescens Heller, Muhlen- 
bergia 6: 12. 1910. Based on Eatonia 
pubescens Scribn. and Merr. 

Sphenopholis robusta Heller, Muhlen- 
bergia 6: 12. 1910. Based on Eatonia 
obtusata var. robusta Vasey. 

Reboulea obtusata var. lobata Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 1916. 
Based on Trisetum lobatum Trin. 

Reboulea obtusata var. pubescens Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 181. 1916. 
Based on Eatonia pubescens Scribn. and 
Merr. 

Sphenopholis obtusata var. lobata forma 
purpurascens Waterfall, Rhodora 50: 
93. 1948. Based on Eatonia obtusata 
var. purpurascens Vasey ex Rydb. and 
Shear. 

(6) Sphenopholis pallens (Bieler) Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 145. 1906. Based on Aira 
pallens Bieler. 

Aira pallens Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 8. 1807. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. 

Aira pallens Muhl., Desc. Gram. 84. 
1817. No locality cited. Name only in 
Muhl., Cat. Pl. 11. 1813. Aira penn- 
sylvanica Spreng., erroneously given as 
synonym, Muhlenberg’s description 
agreeing with that of A. pallens 
Beiler, not with that of A. pennsyl- 
vanica Spreng. 

Eatonia aristata Scribn. and Merr., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 7. 
1900. South Carolina, Curtiss in 1875. 

Eatonia pallens Scribn. and Merr., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 7. 
1900. Based on Azra pallens Bieler, 

Trisetum aristatum Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U.S. 130. 1903. Presumably 
based on Eatonia aristata Scribn. and 
Merr. 

Sphenopholis aristata Heller, Muhlen- 
bergia 6: 12. 1910. Based on Eatonia 
aristata Scribn. and Merr. 

Reboulea pallens Farwell, Mich. Acad. 
Sci. Rpt. 17: 181. 1916. Based on 
Aira pallens Bieler. 


1908. 


(83) SPOROBOLUS R. Br. 


(27) Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr., U.S. 
Rpt. Expl. Miss. Pacif. 7: 21. 1856. 
Based on Agrostis airoides Torr. 

Agrostis airoides Torr., Ann. Lye. N. Y. 1: 


151. 1824. Branches of the Arkansas 
River near the Rocky Mountains, 
James. 


Vilfa airoides Trin. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 766. 1841. Based on Agrostis 
atroides Torr. 

Sporobolus diffusissimus Buckl., Acad. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 90. 1862. — 


Western Texas [Wright 726]. 


(5) Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth, Rév. 


Gram. 1: 68. 1829. Based on Agrostis 
aspera Michx. 

Agrostis aspera Michx., Fl]. Bor. Amer. 1: 
52. 1803. Illinois, Michauz. 

Agrostis composita Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 1: 254. 1810. Carolina, 
Bosc. 

Vilfa aspera Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 147, 
181. 1812. Based on Agrostis aspera 
Michx. 

Vilfa composita Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
147, 181. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
composita Poir. 

Agrostis involuta Muhl., Descr. Gram. 72. 
1817. Susquehanna, Pa., and New 
Jersey. Name only in Muhl., Cat. Pl. 


1 iSi5: 
Agrostis longifolia Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U. S. 1: 90. 1823. Kingsbridge, — 


N. Y.; Hoboken, N. J.; Deerfield, 
Mass.; Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg. 

Muhlenbergia aspera Trin. ex Kunth, 
Enum. Pl. 1: 210. 18338, as synonym of 
Sporobolus asper Kunth. 


Muhlenbergia composita Trin. ex Kunth, — 


Enum. Pl. 1: 229. 1833, assynonym of — 


Agrostis composita Poir. 


Vilfa longifolia Torr. in A. Gray, N. Amer. — 


Gram. and Cyp. 1: 4. 
Agrostis longifolia Torr. 

Sporobolus longifolius Wood, Class-book 
ed. 1861: 775. 1861. Based on Agrostis 
longifolia Torr. 


Sporobolus compositus Merr., U. S. Dept. — 
1901. — 


Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 35: 6. 
Based on Agrostis composita Poir. 
SPOROBOLUS ASPER var. HOOKERI (Trin.) 
Vasey, Descr. Cat. Grasses U. S. 48. 
1885. Based on Vilfa hookeri Trin. 
Vilfa drummondii Trin., Acad. St. 


1834. Based on — 


Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 106. 


1840. Texas, received from Hooker and © 
[the type Drummond II. — 


Endlicher 
306b]. 


Vilfa hookert Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. | 
1840. — 
[type — 


Glyceria stricta Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. — 


Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 106. 
Texas, received from Hooker 
Drummond I1. 306]. 


Phila. Proc. 1862: 95. 1862. Middle 
Texas, Buckley. Inflorescence abnormal, 
the spikelets diseased, with 2 or 3 
several-nerved lemmas. 


Sporobolus drummondii Vasey, Grasses — 


U. S. Descr. Cat. 44. 1885. Based on 


Vilfa drummondii Trin. 


Sporobolus asper var. drummondii Vasey, © 


U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 60. 1892. 
Based on Vilfa drummondii Trin. . 


1903. Stark-— 


? 


Fl]. Southeast. U. S. 128. 
ville, Miss., Kearney 83. 


Sporobolus attenuatus Nash, in Stark 


—— St. 


cars 


SPOROBOLUS ASPER var. PILOsUS (Vasey) f 


Hitche., Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 161. 


2 


MAN UAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


1928. Based on S. pilosus Vasey. 
(Published as S. asper pilosus.) 
Sporobolus pilosus Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 16: 
26. 1891. Kansas, Smyth. 
(26) Sporobolus buckleyi Vasey, Torrey 


Bot. Club Bul. 10: 128. 1883. Texas, 
Buckley. 
(7) Sporobolus clandestinus (Bieler) 


Hitche., U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 12: 
150. 1908. Based on Agrostis clandes- 
tina Beiler. 

Agrostis clandestina Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 8. 1807. Pennsylvania, 
Muhlenberg. 

Muhlenbergia clandestina Trin., Gram. 
Unifl. 190. 1824. Based on Agrostis 
clandestina Bieler. 

Vilfa clandestina Nees ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 2: 767. 1841. Based on 
Agrostis clandestina Bieler. 

Sporobolus canovirens Nash in Britton, 
Man. 1042. 1901. Tennessee to Kansas 
[type, St. George, Kellerman in 1890], 
Mississippi, and Texas. 

(24) Sporobolus contractus Hitchc., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. Based on 
Sporobolus strictus Merr. 

Sporobolus cryptandrus var. strictus Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 103. 1882. 
Camp Lowell, Ariz., Pringle. 

. Sporobolus strictus Merr., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 6. 1901. 

' Not S. strictus Franch., 1893. Based on 
Sporobolus cryptandrus var. strictus 
Scribn. 

(21) Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. 
Gray, Man. 576. 1848. Based on 
Vilfa cryptandra Torr. 

Agrostis cryptandra Torr., Ann. Lye. 
N. Y. 1: 151. 1824. Canadian River 
[Texas or Oklahoma], James. 

Vilfa tenacissima var. fuscicola Hook., 
Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 239. 1839. Menzies 
Island, Columbia River, Wash. 

Vilfa cryptandra Torr. ex Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 69. 
1840. Based on Agrostis cryptandra 
Torr. 

Vilfa triniana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
156. 1854. [British] Columbia. 

Sporobolus cryptandrus vaginatus Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 2: 123. 1911. 
Benson County, N. Dak., Lunell in 
1911. 

Sporobolus cryptandrus var. involutus Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 22: 179. 
1921. Rochester, Mich., Farwell 5393. 

(14) Sporobolus curtissii (Vasey) Small ex 
Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 7: 142. f. 124. 1897. Based on 
“‘S. floridanus curtissit Vasey ex Beal.” 

Sporobolus curtissii Small ex Kearney, 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 1: 
24. 1895. Description inadequate. 
“Sporobolus floridanus curtissit Vasey 
in herb.” cited. Jacksonville, Fla., 
Curtiss 4053, 5181. The Curtiss speci- 


963 


men named Sporobolus floridanus var. 
curtissit by Vasey is without number. 

Sporobolus floridanus var. curtissii Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 290. 
1896. ‘Florida, Curtiss.”’ 

(20) Sporobolus domingensis (Trin.) Kunth, 
Rev. Gram. 1: Sup. 17. 1830. Based 
on Vilfa domingensis Trin. 

Vilfa domingensis Trin., in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2: 59. 1821. Dominican Re- 
public. 

Agrostis domingensis Schult., Mantissa 3 
(Add. 1): 570. 1827. Based on Vilfa 
domingensis Trin. 

Sporobolus inordinatus Mez, Repert. Sp. 
Nov. Fedde 17: 294. 1921. Cuba, 
Ramon de la Sagra. 

(22) Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb.) Rydb., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 32: 601. 19085. 
Based on Sporobolus cryptandrus var. 
flecuosus Thurb. 

Vilfa cryptandra var. flecuosa Thurb. ex 
Vasey, in Rothr., in Wheeler U. S. 
Survey W. 100th Merid. Rpt. 6: 282. 
1878. Nevada and Arizona, Wheeler 
Exped. 

Sporobolus cryptandrus var. flexuosus 
Thurb. in 8S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 269. 
1880. Based on Vilfa cryptandra var. 
flexuosa Thurb. 

(16) Sporobolus floridanus Chapm., FI. 
South. U. 8. 550. 1860. Middle and 
west Florida [Chapman]. 

(25) Sporobolus giganteus Nash, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 25: 88. 1898. Dojia 
Ana County, N. Mex., Wooton 394. 

Sporobolus cryptandrus var. robustus Vas- 
ey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 56. 
1890. Texas, Nealley [746]. 

Sporobolus cryptandrus var. giganteus 
Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 14:11. 1912. 
Based on S. giganteus Nash. 

(12) Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. 
Gray, Man. 576. 1848. Based on 
Vilfa heterolepis A. Gray. 

Vilfa heterolepis A. Gray, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
3: 233. 1835. Watertown, N. Y., 
Crawe. 

Agrostis heterolepis Wood, Class-book ed. 
2.598. 1847. Based on Vilfa heterolepis 
A. Gray. 

(9) Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br., Prodr. 
Fl. Nov. Holl. 170. 1810. Based on 
Agrostis indica L. 

Agrostis indica L., Sp. Pl. 63. 1753. 
“India,” but the type from Jamaica, 
sent by Patrick Browne. 


Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth, Rév. 
Gram. 2: 427. pl. 127. 1831. Domini- 
can Republic. 

Vilfa jacquemontit Trin., Acad. St. 


Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 92. 
1840. Based on Sporobolus jacquemontii 
Kunth. 

Vilfa indica Trin. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2.2: 767. 1841. Based on Agrostis 
indica L. 


964 


(11) Sporobolus interruptus Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 8. 1888. Arizona, 
Coues and Palmer 66 in 1886; San Fran- 
cisco Forest, Rusby 15 in 18838 [the 
Rusby specimen, distributed as No. 885, 
the type]. 

Sporobolus arizonicus Thurb. ex Vasey, 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 15: 8. 1888, as 
synonym of Sporobolus interruptus 
Vasey. 

(17) Sporobolus junceus (Michx.) Kunth, 
Rév. Gram. 1: 68. 1829. Based on 
Agrostis guncea Michx. 

Agrostis juncea Michx., F]. Bor. Amer. 1: 
52. 1803. Not A. juncea Lam., 1783. 
Carolina, Michauz. 

Heleochloa juncea Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 24, 
147. 1812. Based on Agrostis juncea 
Michx. 

Colpodium junceum Trin. in Spreng., 
Neu. Entd. 2: 37. 1821. Based on 
Agrostis juncea Michx. 

Crypsis juncea Steud., Nom. Bot. 1: 
242. 1821. Based on Agrostis jguncea 
Michx. 

Vilfa juncea Trin., Gram. Unifl. 157. 
1824. Based on Agrostis juncea Michx. 

Vilfa schiedeana Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 73. 1840. 
Arkansas, “‘Schiede.”’ [Type specimen 
annotated by Ruprecht ‘‘Beyrich non 
Schiede.’’] 

Vilfa gracilis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 74. 1840. 
Carolina. 

Vilfa fulvescens Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 76. 1840. 
North America, Bosc, Willdenow Herb. 
No. 1750. 

Agrostis thyrsoides Bosc ex Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 
76. 1840, as synonym of Vilfa ful- 
vescens Trin. 

Vilfa subsetacea Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 133 (in note). 
1840. Based on V. gracilis Trin., op. cit. 
(page 74, not op. cit. page 104). (See 
synonymy under Muhlenbergia cuspt- 
data.) Discovering that he had named 
two distinct species Vzlfa gracilis, 
Trinius changed the first to V. sub- 
setacea. 

Vilfa vinzenti Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
155. 1854. [Rusk County] Tex., 
Vinzent 62. 

Aira triglumis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
22: 1854. [Rusk County] Tex., 
Vincent 62. 

Bennetia juncea Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
1: 291. 1898, as synonym of Sporo- 
bolus junceus. Rafinesque (Bul. Bot. 
Seringe 1: 220. 1880) cites Agrostis 
juncea Michx., after his description of 
the new genus Bennetia, but does not 
transfer the specific name. 

Sporobolus ejuncidus Nash in Britton, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Man. 106. 1901. Based on Sporobolus 
qunceus Kunth. 

Sporobolus gracilis Merr., Rhodora 4: 48. 
1902. Based on Vilfa gracilis Trin. 

(6) Sporobolus macer (Trin.) Hitchce., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. Based 
on Vilfa macra Trin. 

Vilfa macra Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 


Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 79. 1840. 
Louisiana. 

(23) Sporebolus nealleyi Vasey, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 15: 49. 1888, name 


only; U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 
57. 1890. Brazos Santiago, Tex., 
Nealley. 

(4) Sporobolus neglectus Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 464. 1895. Massa- 
chusetts to Kentucky, Tennessee, and 
Kansas. [Type, Woodruff Gap, N. J., 
Britton in 1887.] 

Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. neglectus 
Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 17 (ed. 2): 170. f. 466. 1901. 
Based on S. neglectus Nash. 

Sporobolus ozarkanus Fernald, Rhodora 
35: 109. 1938. Webb City, Mo., 
Palmer 31338. 

(2) Sporobolus patens Swallen, Wash. Acad. 
Sci. Jour. 31: 352. f. 5. 1941. Wilcox, 
Ariz., Silveus 3504. 

(8) Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. and Schult.) 
Hitche., Bartonia 14: 32. 1932. Based 
on Azonopus poiretii Roem. and Schult. 

Agrostis elongata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 
162. 1791. Not Sporobolus elongatus 
R. Br., 1810. South America. 

Agrostis compressa Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 1: 258. 1810. Not A. compressa 
Willd., 1790, nor Poir. (op. cit.) 1: 
259. 1810, nor Sporobolus compressus 
Kunth, 1833. Carolina, Bosc. 

Milium compressum Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. Sup. 1: 258. 1810. Not M. com- 
pressum Swartz, 1788. As synonym of 
Agrostis compressa Poir. 

Vilfa elongata Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
147, 181. 1812. Based on Agrostis 
elongata Lam. 

Axonopus poiretii Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2: 318. 1817. Based on 
Agrostis compressa Poir., ‘‘n. 78,” not 
A. compressa Willd., 1790, nor Poir. 
(op. cit.) No. 82, on the following page. 

Sporobolus lamarckii Desv. ex Hamilt., 
Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 4. 1825. Based 
on Agrostis elongata Lam. 

Agrostis tenuissima Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
258. 1825. West Indies and South 
America. 

Vilfa exilis Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 89. 1840. 
Jalapa, Mexico [Schiede]. 

Vilfa berteroana Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 41: 100. 1840. 
Dominican Republic, Bernhardt. 

Sporobolus angustus Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 88. 1863. ‘‘Bu- 


chanan county” [probably error for 
Buchanan] Tex., [Buckley]. 

Vilfa tenacissima var. exilis Fourn., Mex. 
Pl. 2: 99. 1886. Based on Vilfa exilis 
Trin. 

Sporobolus littoralis var. elongatus Dur. 
and Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 821. 
1894. Based on Vilfa elongata Beauv. 

Sporobolus berteroanus Hitche. and Chase, 
U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 18: 370. 
1917. Based on Vilfa berteroana Trin. 

This species has been included in Sporo- 

bolus indicus in some manuals. 
(1) Sporobolus pulvinatus Swallen, Wash. 


Acad. Sci. Jour. 31. 351. f. 4. 1941. 
| Adamana, Ariz., Griffiths 5107. 
| (18) Sporobolus’ purpurascens (Swartz) 
Hamilt., Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occ. 5. 1825. 


Based on Agrostis purpurascens Swartz. 

Agrostis purpurascens Swartz, Prodr. Veg. 
Ind. Occ. 25. 1788. Jamaica, Swartz. 

Vilfa purpurascens Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
16, 182. 1812. Based on Agrostis pur- 
purascens Swartz. 

Vilfa grisebachiana Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
98. 1886. Cuba, Wright 3427a. 

Vilfa iebmanni Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 100. 
1886. Mexico, Liebmann 693. 
(19) Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) 

| Hitche., U.S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 
243: 84. 1936. Based on Agrostis pyra- 
midata Lam. 

Agrostis pyramidata Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 
1: 161. 1791. South America. 

Vilfa arguta Nees, Agrost. Bras. 395. 
1829. Brazil. 

Sporobolus argutus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 


Sup. 17. 1830. Based on Vilfa arguta 
Nees. 

Vilfa arkansana Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 64. 1840. 
Arkansas, Beyrich. 

Vilfa subpyramidata Trin., Acad. St. 


Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 4!: 61. 
1840. Texas [received from Hooker, the 
type being Drummond 377]. 

Vilfa richardi Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
153. 1854. West Indies. 

Agrostis pyramidalis Rich. ex Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 158. 1854, as syn- 
onym of Vilfa richardi Steud. 

Vilfa agrostoidea Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 88. 1862. Llano 
County, Tex. 

Vilfa sabeana Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 90. 1862. San Saba 
County, Tex., Buckley. Given as Vilfa 
(Sporobolus) sabeana. 

Sporobolus arkansanus Nutt. ex Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:61. 1892. 
as synonym of S. argutus Kunth. 

Sporobolus sabeanus Buckl. ex Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:61. 1892, 
as synonym of S. argutus Kunth. 

(13) Sporobolus silveanus Swallen, Wash. 
NCACS SC OU oi:) 3505 f. 3. 1941. 
Orange, Tex., Silveus 6441. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


965 


(15) Sporobolus teretifolius Harper, Torrey 
Bot. Club Bul. 33: 229. 1906. Near 
Moultrie, Ga., Harper 1642. 

(29) Sporobolus texanus Vasey, U.S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 57. 1890. Screw 
Bean, Presidio County, Tex., Nealley 


[755]. 
_ (80) Sporobolus tharpii Hitche., Biol. Soc. 


Wash. Proc. 41: 161. 
Island, Tex., Tharp 4772. 

(3) Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood, 
Class-book ed. 1861. 775. 1861. Based 
on Vilfa vaginiflora Torr. 

Vilfa vaginiflora Torr. ex Gray, N. Amer. 
Gram. and Cyp. 1: No.3. 1834; Trin., 
Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. VI. Sci. Nat. 
41: 56. 1840. New Jersey. 

Cryptostachys vaginata Steud., Flora 33: 
229. 1850, name only; Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 181. 1854. North America. 

Vilfa riehlii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
154. 1854. North America. 

Sporobolus minor Vasey ex A. Gray, Man. 
ed. 6. 646. 1890. Not S. minor 
Kunth, 1830. Virginia to North Caro- 
lina [type, Boynton], Tennessee and 
Texas. 

Sporobolus filiculmis L. H. Dewey, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 519. 1894. 
Not S. filiculmis Vasey, 1885. Based on 
S. minor Vasey. 

Sporobolus ovatus Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 
2: 300. 1896. Based on S. minor 
Vasey. 

Sporobolus vaginatus Seribn., Bot. Gaz. 
21: 15. 1896. Based on Cryptostachys 
vaginata Steud. 

2S porobolus vaginiflorus var. minor Scribn. 
ex ‘Chapm.) Fly*South. U:S: ed: 3: 
598. 1897. North Carolina and Ten- 
nessee, 

Sporobolus vaginiflorus var. itaequalis 
Fernald, Rhodora 35: 109. 1938. 
Concord, N. H., Batchelder in 1901. 

(10) Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Junth, 
Rév. Gram. 1: 67. 1829. Based on 
Agrostis virginica L. 

Agrostis virginica L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. 
Virginia. 

Agrostis littoralis Lam., Tabl. Encyel. 1: 
161. 1791. South America, Richard. 
Vilfa littoralis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
147, 181. 1812. Based on Agrostis 

littoralis Lam. ; 

Vilfa virginica Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 16, 
182. 1812. Based on Agrostis virginica 
L. 

Agrostis pungens Muhl., Descr. Gram. 72. 
1817. Not A. pungens Schreb., 1769. 
Eastern United States. Name only in 
Muhl., Cat. Pl. 11. 1813. 

Crypsis virginica Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 49. 
1818. Based on Agrostis virginica Willd. 
[error for L.]. 

Podosaemum virginicum Link, Hort. Berol. 
1: 85. 1827. Based on Agrostis vir- 
ginica L. 


1928. Padre 


966 


Sporobolus littoralis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
68. 1829. Based on Agrostis littoralis 
Lam. 

(28) Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 103. 1882. 
Pantano, Ariz., Pringle. 

Bauchea karwinskyi Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
87. 1886. Mexico, Karwinsky 1015, 
1015b. 

Sporobolus altissimus Vasey, Calif. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. II. 2: 212. 1889. San Diego, 
Calif., Palmer [in 1888]. 

Sporobolus altissimus var. minor Vasey, 
Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. II. 2: ‘213. 
1889. San Enrique, Calif. [Brandegee]. 

Sporobolus airoides var. wrightii Gould, 
Madrofio 10: 94. 1949. Based on S. 
wrightit Munro ex Scribn. 


(131) STENOTAPHRUM Trin. 


(1) Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891. 
Based on Ischaemum secundatum Walt. 
Kuntze misspells the specific name 
“secundum.” 

Ischaemum secundatum Walt., Fl. Carol. 
249. 1788. South Carolina. 

Rottboellia stolonifera Poir. in Lam., En- 
eycl. 6: 310. 1804. Puerto Rico, Ledru. 

Stenotaphrum americanum Schrank, Pl. 
Rar. Hort. Monac. pl. 98. 1822. 

Stenotaphrum sarmentosum Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 93. 1829. Based on Rottboellia 
stolonifera Poir. 

Stenotaphrum glabrum var. americanum 
Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 2?: 300. 
1877. Based on Stenotaphrum ameri- 
canum Schrank. 

Stenotaphrum dimidiatum var. ameri- 
canum Hack. in Stuck., An. Mus. Nac. 
Buenos Aires 21: 57. 1911. Based on 
Stenotaphrum americanum Schrank. 

Stenotaphrum dimidiatum var. secundum 
[secundatum] Domin, Bibl. Bot. 85: 
332, 1915. Based on Ischaemum secun- 
datum Walt. 

Stenotaphrum secundatum var. varie- 
gatum Hitche. in Bailey, Stand. Cycl. 
Hort. 6: 3237. 1917. Greenhouse plant. 


(91) STIPA L. 

(33) Stipa arida Jones, Calif. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. II. 5: 725. 1895. Marysvale, 
Utah, Jones 5377. 

Stipa mormonum Mez, Repert. Sp. Nov. 
Fedde 17: 209. 1921. Utah, Jones 
[2106]. 

(8) Stipa avenacea L., Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. 
Virginia. 

Stipa barbata Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
53. 1803. Not S. barbata Desf. 1798. 
Virginia and Carolina, Michauz. 

Stipa virginica Pers., Syn. Pl. 1:99. 1805. 
Based on S. barbata Michx. 

Stipa diffusa Willd. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 


ed. 2. 2: 648. 1841, as synonym of 
Stipa avenacea L. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Stipa avenacea var. bicolor Eaton and 
Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 444. — 
1848. Philadelphia and Chester, Pa.; 
Boston, Mass.; Ontario; Florida. 

Podopogon avenaceus Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. — 
Kew. 2: 580. 1894, as synonym of — 
Stipa avenacea. 

Podopogon barbatus Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 580. 1894, as synonym of 
Stipa avenacea. 

Piptochaetium avenaceus Parodi, Rev. 
Mus. La Plata Bot. n. ser. 6: 225;a% 
229. f. 1, B. 1944. Based on Stipa |} 
avenacea L. ¢ 

(7) Stipa avenacioides Nash, Torrey Bot. | 
Club Bul. 22: 423. 1895. Cassia, Lake 
County, Fla., Nash 2051. 

Stipa brachychaeta Godr., Mem. Acad. 


Monsp. (Sec. Medic.) 1: 450. 1853. — 
Originally described from specimens ~ 
from unknown source. Native of | 


southern South America. 
(22) Stipa californica Merr. and Davy, — 
Calif. Univ. Pubs., Bot. 1: 61. 1902. 
San Jacinto Mountains, Calif., Hall 


2556. | 
(12) Stipa cernua Stebbins and Love, ~ 
Madrofio 6: 187. f. 1. 2. 
meda County, Calif., Stebbins 2732. 
Stipa pulchra var. cernua Beetle and 
Tofsrud, West. Bot. Leaflets 5: 35. — 
1947. Based on S. cernua Stebbins and | 


Love. 
(28) Stipa columbiana Macoun, Can. PI. 
Cat. 24: 191. 1888. Yale, British 


Columbia, Macoun [28,940]; Victoria, 
Vancouver Island, Macoun [28,941]. 
Stipa viridula var. minor Vasey, U. 8. 

Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 50. 1892. iy 
[Kelso Mountain, Colo., Letterman 95.) 
Stipa minor Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. — 
Agrost. Bul. 11:46. 1898. Based on S. 
viridula var. minor Vasey. 
STIPA COLUMBIANA var. NELSONI (Scribn.) 
Hitche., U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 24: 
254. 


61. 1937. Same basis. | 

Stipa occidentalis [Thurb.; misapplied by] 
Boland., Calif. Acad. Sci. Proc. 4: 169. — 
1872. Larger plant with ‘‘awns almost 
entirely smooth,’’ confused with true 
S. occidentalis. 

Stipa nelsoni Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., | 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 11:46. 1898. Albany | 
County, Wyo., A. Nelson 3963. 


(10) Stipa comata Trin. and Rupr., Acad. 


St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 75. 
1842. Carlton House Fort, Saskatche- 
wan River, Drummond; Columbia 
River, near Missouri Portage, Douglas. — 

Stipa comata subsp. intonsa Piper, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 11: 109. 1906. 
Rockland, Klickitat County, Wash., 
Suksdorf 1026. 


1941. Ala- — 


1925. Based on S. nelsoni Scribn. — | 
(Published as S. columbiana nelson.) 


Stipa columbiana var. nelsoni St. John, 
Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Stipa comata var. suksdorfii St. John, FI. 

outheast. Wash. and Adj. Idaho 61. 

pt . Spokane County, Wash., Suksdorf 
899 


This is the species described by Pursh (FI. 
Amer. Sept. 1: 72. 1814), and Nuttall 
(Gen. Pl. 1: 58. 1818) under Stipa juncea 
L., and by Hooker (Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 257. 
1840) under S. capillata L. 

STIPA COMATA var. INTERMEDIA Scribn. 
and Tweedy, Bot. Gaz. 11: 171. 1886. 
Junction Butte, Yellowstone Park, 
Tweedy 610. 

Stipa tweedyi Scribn., U. S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 47. 1898. Based 
on S. comata var. intermedia Scribn. and 
Tweedy. 

Stipa spartea var. tweedyi Jones, West Bot. 
Contrib. 14: 11. 1912. Based on S. 
tweedy Scribn. 

(5) Stipa coronata Thurb. in S. Wats., Bot. 
Calif. 2: 287. 1880. California, Julian, 
Bolander; San Bernardino, Parry and 
Lemmon 422. 

STIPA CORONATA Var. DEPAUPERATA (Jones) 
Hitche., Jour. Wash. Acad. Sci. 24: 292. 
1934. Based on S. parishii var. depau- 
perata Jones. 

Stipa parishii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 38. 
1882. San Bernardino Mountains, 
Calif., Parish 1079. 

Stipa parishii var. depauperata Jones, 
West. Bot. Contrib. 14: 11. 1912. 
Detroit, Utah [Jones]. 

Stipa coronata parishit Hitche., U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 24: 227. 1925. 
Based on S. parishii Vasey. 

(23) Stipa curvifolia Swallen, Wash. Acad. 

- Sei. Jour. 23: 456. 1933. Guadalupe 
| Mountains, N. Mex., Wilkins 1660. 
| (31) Stipa diegoensis Swallen, Wash. Acad. 

Broce sour 30:) 212 to. 2. 1940: ‘San 
Diego County, Calif., Gander 5778. 
| Stipa elegantissima Labill., Nov. Holl. Pl. 1: 
| 23. pl. 29. 1804. Australia. 
| (18) Stipa elmeri Piper and Brodie ex 

Scribn., U. 8S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 

Bul. 11: 46. 1898. Based on S. viridula 

var. pubescens Vasey. 

Stipa viridula var. pubescens Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:50. 1892. Not 
S. pubescens R. Br., 1810. Washington, 

| Suksdorf. 

} (14) Stipa eminens Cav., Icon. Pl. 5: 42. 

pl. 467. f. 1. 1799. Chalma, Mexico. 

Stipa erecta Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2:75. 1886. 
Not S. erecta Trin., 1824. Tehuacan, 
Mexico, Liebmann 654. 

Stipa flexuosa Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 49. 1888. Western Texas 

| [Chenate Mountains], Nealley. 

| (19) Stipa latiglumis Swallen, Wash. Acad. 

Sci. Jour. 23: 198. f. 1. 19338. Camp 

Lost Arrow, Yosemite Valley, Calif., 

Abrams 4469. 

| (25) Stipa lemmoni (Vasey) Scribn., U. S. 

Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 3. 


967 


1901. Based on S. pringlet var. lemmoni 
Vasey. 

Stipa pringle: var. lemmonit Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 55. 1892. 
Plumas County, Calif., Lemmon [5456]. 

Stipa lemmoni var. jonesit Scribn., U. 8. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 4. 
1901. Emigrant Gap, Calif., Jones 3298. 

(15) Stipa lepida Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 
2: 302. 1915. Santa Ynez Forest, 
Calif., Chase 5611. 

STIPA LEPIDA var. ANDERSONIZ (Vasey) 
Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 303. 1915. 
Based on S. eminens var. andersonii 
Vasey. (Published as S. lepida ander- 
soni.) 

Stipa eminens var. andersonit Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 54. 1892. 
California [Santa Cruz, Anderson 58, 
type]. “Lower California,’ cited by 
Vasey is erroneous. 

Stipa hassei Vasey, U. 8S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 1: 267. 1893. Santa Monica, 
Calif., Hasse. Abnormal specimen, the 
spikelets distorted by a smut. 

(29) Stipa lettermani Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 53. 1886. Snake River, 
Idaho, Letterman [102]. 

Stipa viridula var. lettermani Vasey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 50. 1892. Pre- 
sumably based on S. lettermani Vasey. 

(8) Stipa leucotricha Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém., VI. Sci. Nat. 
51:54. 1842. Texas, from Hooker. 

Stipa ciliata Scheele, Linnaea 22: 342. 
1849. New Braunfels, Tex., Romer. 

(21) Stipa lobata Swallen, Wash. Acad. Sci. 
Jour. 23: 199. f. 2. 1933. Ranger Station. 
Queen, Guadalupe Mountains, N. Mex., 
Hitchcock (Amer. Gr. Natl. Herb. 819). 

Stipa neesiana Trin. and Rupr., Acad. St., 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 27. 
1842. Montevideo, Sellow. 

(1) Stipa neomexicana (Thurb.) Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 
132. f. 428. 1899. Based on S. pennata 
var. neo-mexicana Thurb. 

Stipa pennata var. neo-mexicana Thurb. 
in Coulter, Man. Rocky Mount. 408. 
1885. New Mexico [type Rio Mimbres, 
Thurber 269], Colorado, and Texas. 

(20) Stipa occidentalis Thurb. in S. Wats., 
in King, Geol. Expl. 40th Par. 5: 380. 
1871. Yosemite Trail, Calif., Bolander 
5038. 

Stipa stricta Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 
10:42. 1883. Not S. stricta Lam. 1791. 
Washington (erroneously cited as 
Oregon), Suksdorf. 

Stipa stricta var. sparsiflora Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 51. 1892. 
Yosemite Trail, Calif., Bolander 5038. 

Stipa oregonensis Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., 


Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 130. f. 426. 1899. 
Based on S. stricta Vasey. 
Stipa occidentalis montana Merr. and 


Davy, Calif. Univ. Pubs., Bot. 1: 62. 


968 


1902. Yosemite Trail, Bolander 5038. 
Stipa pennata L., Sp. Pl. 78. 1753. Europe. 
(32) Stipa pinetorum Jones, Calif. Acad. 

Sci. Proc. II. 5: 724. 1895. Panguitch 

Lake, Utah, Jones 6023 p. 

(16) Stipa porteri Rydb., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 82: 599. 1905. Based on the plant 
described as S. mongolica Turez. by 
Porter and Coulter (Syn. Fl. Colo. 145. 
1874). [Rocky Mountains, Hall and 
Harbour 648, error for 646.] 

This is the species described under the 
name Oryzopsis mongolica (Turez.) Beal 
(Bot. Gaz. 15: 111. 1890), but that name 
is based on Stipa mongolica Turez., an 
Asiatic species. 

(13) Stipa pringlei Scribn. in Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 54. 1892. 
Mexico, Pringle [1410 type], and Ari- 
zona, Pringle, Lemmon, Tracy. No 
reference to Oryzopsis pringlei Beal. 

Oryzopsis pringlet Beal, Bot. Gaz. 15: 112. 
1890. Chihuahua, Mexico, Pringle 
1410. 

Stipa pringlei Scribn. ex Beal, Bot. Gaz. 
15:112. 1890, assynonym of Oryzopsis 
pringlei Beal. 

Oryzopsis erecta Beal, Grasses N. Amer, 2: 
230. 1896. Apparently based on O. 
pringlet Beal, Pringle 1410 being cited, 
the name changed because of O. pringlei 
Scribn. ex Beal 1896 (page 226 of the 
same work). The latter is the same as 
Stipa virescens H. B. K. of Mexico, not 
known from the United States. Beal 
erroneously gives the authority of O. 
erecta as “(Scribn.) Beal.” 

Piptochaetium pringlei Parodi, Rev. Mus. 
La Plata Bot. (n. s.) 6: 223; 230. f. 1, D. 
1944. Based on Oryzopsis pringlei Beal. 

(11) Stipa pulchra Hitche., Amer. Jour. Bot. 
2: 301. 1915. Healdsburg, Sonoma 
County, Calif., Heller 5252. 

(6) Stipa richardsoni Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 
245. 1833. Western North America. 
Grown at Berlin from seed sent by 
Richardson. 

Stipa richardsoni var. major Macoun, Can. 
Pl. Cat. 24: 191. 1888, without 
description. Columbia Valley, British 
Columbia, Macoun. 

Oryzopsis richardsoni Beal, Bot. Gaz. 15: 
111. 1890. Based on Stipa richardsoni 
Link, but misapplied to Oryzopsis 
canadensis. 

(27) Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribn., U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 5: 23. 
1897. Based on S. viridula var. robusta 
Vasey. Not invalidated by S. robusta 
Nutt. ex Trin. and Rupr., published as 
synonym of S. spartea. 

Stipa viridula var. robusta Vasey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1: 56. 1890. 
Presidio County, Tex., Nealley [714]. 

Stipa vaseyi Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. 
Agrost. Bul. 11: 46. 1898. Based on 
S. viridula var. robusta Vasey. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


(24) Stipa scribneri Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 11: 125. 1884. Santa Fe, 
N. Mex. [Vasey]. 

(9) Stipa spartea Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. 
Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 82. 
1830. North America [Rocky Moun- 
tains near the Missouri]. By typograph- 
ical error the name is spelled “sparta.” 

Stipa robusta Nutt. ex Trin. and Rupr., 
Acad. St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 
51:69. 1842, as synonym of S. spartea. 

STIPA SPARTEA var. CURTISETA Hitchc., 
U. S.- Natl. Herb. Contrib. 24: 230. 
1925. Hound Creek Valley, Mont., 
Scribner 339. (Published as S. spartea 
curtiseta.) 

(2) Stipa speciosa Trin. and Rupr., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 51: 45. 
1842. Chile, Cuming. 

Stipa californica Vasey, Amer. Acad. Proce. 
24: 80. 1889. Name only for Palmer’s 
No. 505 in 1887 from Los Angeles Bay, 
Baja California. 

Stipa speciosa var. minor Vasey, U. 8. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3: 52. 1892. 
Empire City, Nev., Jones. 

Stipa humilis var. jonesiana Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 32: 371. 1898. Empire City, 
Nev., Jones 4111. 

Stipa humilis var. speciosa Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 32: 371. 1898. Based on S. 
speciosa Trin. and Rupr. 

Stipa splendens Trin. in Spreng., Neu. 
Entd. 2: 54. 1821. Siberia. 

(4) Stipa stillmanii Boland., Calif. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 4: 169. 1872. Blue Canyon, 
Sierra Nevada, Calif., Bolander. 

Stipa tenacissima L., Cent. Pl. 1:6. 1755; 
Amoen. Acad. 4: 266. 1759. Spain. 

(34) Stipa tenuissima Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 36. 
1836. Mendoza ‘Chile,’ [Argentina], 
Gillies. 

Stipa cirrosa Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 75. 
1886. Mexico, Karwinsky 1009. 

Stipa subulata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 75. 
1886. Mexico, Karwinsky 1009b. 

(17) Stipa thurberiana Piper, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 27: 10. 1900. 
Washington, north branch of the 
Columbia and Okanagan, Pickering and 
Brackenridge. 

Stipa occidentalis Thurb. in Wilkes, U.S. 
Expl. Exped. Bot. 17: 483. 1874. Not 
S. occidentalis Thurb. in 8. Wats., 1871. 
North Branch of the Columbia River 
[Washington, Pickering and Bracken- 


ridge]. 

(26) Stipa viridula Trin., Acad. St. Pétersb. - 
Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 2!: 39. 1836. 
North America [Saskatchewan]. 

Stipa parviflora [Desf., misapplied by] 
Nuttall, Gen. Pl. 1: 59. 1818. Plains 
of the Missouri. 

Stipa nuttalliana Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 
2: 643. 1841. Based on Stipa parvi- 
flora as described by Nuttall. 


Stipa sparta Trin. ex Hook., Fl. Bor. 
Amer. 2: 237. 1840. Name only, S. 
parviflora Nutt., not Desf., cited as 


synonym. 

(30) Stipa williamsii Scribn., U. S. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 45. 1898. 
Big Horn Mountain, Wyo., Williams 
2804. 


THEMEDA Forsk. 


| Themeda quadrivalvis (L.) Kuntze, Rev. 

| Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891. Based on 
Andropogon quadrivalvis L. 

Andropogon quadrivalvis L., Syst. Veg. ed. 
13. 758. 1774. India. 

Anthistiria ciliata L. f., Sup. 113. 1781. 
Based on Andropogon quadrivalvis L. 

Themeda ciliata Hack. in DC., Monogr. 
Phan. 6: 664. 1889. Based on Anthis- 
tiria ciliata L. f. 


| Thysanolaena maxima (Roxb.) Kuntze, 
Rey. Gen. Pl. 2: 794. 1891. Based on 
Agrostis maxima Roxb. 

Agrostis maxima Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 319. 
1820. India. 

Thysanolaena agrostis Nees, Edinburgh 
New Phil. Jour. 18: 180. 1835. Based 
on Agrostis maxima Roxb. 


(160) TRACHYPOGON Nees 


(1) Trachypogon secundus (Presl) Scribn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 
1. 1901. Based on Heteropogon secun- 
dus Presl. 
Heteropogon secundus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 355. 1830. Mexico, Haenke. 
Andropogon secundus Kunth, Rév. Gram. 


1: Sup. 39. 1830. Not A. secundus 
Ell., 1821. Based on Heteropogon 
secundus Presl. 

Trachypogon . preslii var. secundus 
Anderss., Ofvers. Svensk. Vetensk. 
Akad. Férhandl. 14: 50. 1857. Based 


on Heteropogon secundus Presl. 
Trachypogon plumosus var. montufari 
subvar. secundus Hack. ex Henr., Med. 
Rijks Herb. Leiden 40: 40. 1921. 
Based on Heteropogon secundus Presl. 
__ Included in Trachypogon montufari (H. 
B. K.) Neesin Manual ed. 1. That species 
) has not been found north of Mexico. 


(93) TRAGUS Hall. 


| (1) Tragus berteronianus Schult., Mantissa 
2: 205. 1824. Dominican Republic, 
Bertero. 

Tragus occidentalis Neés, Agrost. Bras. 
286. 1829. Brazil. 

Lappago berteroniana Schult. ex Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 112. 1854, erron- 
eously cited as synonym of L. aliena 
Spreng. 

Tragus racemosus var. brevispicula Doell 
in Mart., Fl. Bras. 22: 123. pl. 18. 
1877. Brazil. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


969 


Nazia occidentalis Scribn., Zoe 4: 386. 
1894. Based on Tragus occidentalis 
Nees. 

Lappago occidentalis Nees ex Hook. f., 
Fl. Brit. Ind. 7:97. 1896. Presumably 
based on Tragus occidentalis Nees; 
erroneously cited as synonym of T’ragus 
racemosus All, 

The following two names refer to T’ragus 
berteronianus, though they are based on 
Lappago alienus Spreng., which is Pseude- 
chinolaena polystachya (H. B. K.) Stapf, of 
the Tropics. 

Nazia racemosa aliena Scribn. and Smith, 

U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
12. 1897. Based on Lappago aliena 
Spreng. 

Nazia aliena Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 28. f. 324. 1899. 
Based on Lappago aliena Spreng. 

(2) Tragus racemosus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 
2: 241. 1785. Based on Cenchrus 
racemosus Li. 

Cenchrus racemosus L., Sp. Pl. 1049. 
1753. Southern Europe. 

Lappago racemosa Honck., Syn. Pl. Germ. 
1: 440. 1792. Based on Cenchrus 
racemosus L. 

Tragus muricatus Moench, Meth. Pl. 53. 
1794. Based on Cenchrus racemosus L. 

Tragus racemosus var. longispicula Doell, 
int Mart. yh Bras.222 "12220187 
Based on 7’. racemosus Desf. (Same as 
T. racemosus All.) 

Nazia racemosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
780. 1891. Based on Cenchrus race- 
mosus L. 


(128) TRICHACHNE Nees 


(2) Trichachne californica (Benth.) Chase, 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 455. 1933. 
Based on Panicum californicum Benth. 

Panicum californicum Benth., Bot. Voy. 
Sulph. 55. 1840. Bay of Magdalena, 
Baja California. 

Panicum lachnanthum Torr., U. S. Expl. 
Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 78: 21. 1858. Not 
P. lachnanthum Hochst., 1855. Burro 
Mountains, N. Mex. 

Panicum saccharatum Buckl., Prel. Rpt. 
Geol. Agr. Survey Tex. App. 2. 1866. 
Texas, Buckley. 

Panicum insulare var. lachnanthum 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 3%: 361. 362. 
1898. Based on P. lachnanthum Torr. 

Trichachne saccharata Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 83. 1903. Based on 
Panicum saccharatum Buckl. 

Valota saccharata Chase, Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 19: 188. 1906. Based on Pani- 
cum saccharatum Buckl. 

Digitaria californica Henr., Blumea 1: 99. 
1934. Based on Panicum californicum 
Benth. 

(4) Trichachne hitchcockii (Chase) Chase, 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 454. 19383. 
Based on Valota hitchcockii Chase. 


970 


Valota hitchcockii Chase, Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 24: 110. 1911. San Antonio, 
Tex., Hitchcock 5829. 

Digitaria hitchcockit Stuck., Ann. Cons. 
Jard. Genéve 17: 287. 1914. Based on 
Valota hitchcockii Chase. 

(1) Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees, Agrost. 
Bras. 86. 1829, Based on Andropogon 
insularis L. 

Andropogon insularis L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 
2: 1304. 1759. Jamaica, Sloane. 

Panicum lanatum Rottb., Act. Lit. Univ. 
Hafn. 1: 269. 1778. Dutch Guiana. 

Milium villosum Swartz, Prodr. Veg. Ind. 
Occ. 24, 1788. Based on Andropogon 
insularis L. 

Milium hirsutum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 13. 
pl. 5. f. 5. 1812. No locality cited. 
Panicum leucophaeum H. B. K., Nov. 
Gen. et Sp.1:97. 1815. Venezuela and 

Colombia, Humboldt and Bonpland. 

Panicum insulare G. Meyer, Prim. FI. 
Esseq. 60. 1818. Based on Andropogon 
insularis L. 

Saccharum polystachyum Sieb. ex Kunth, 
Enum. Pl. 1: 124. 1833. Not S. poly- 
stachyum Swartz, 1788. As synonym of 
Panicum leucophaeum H. B. K. 

Agrostis villosa Poir ex Steud., Nom., Bot. 
ed. 2. 1: 43. 1840. Not A. villosa 
Poir., 1786. As synonym of Milium 
villosum Swartz. 

Panicum saccharoides A. Rich. in Sagra, 
Hist. Cuba 11: 306. 1850. Not P. 
saccharoides Trin., 1826. Cuba. 

Panicum falsum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
67. 1854. Cuba. 

Panicum duchaissingii Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 93. 1854. Guadeloupe, 
Duchaissing. 

Tricholaena insularis Griseb., Abhandl. 
Gesell. Wiss. Gottingen 7: 265. 1857. 
Based on Andropogon insularis L. 

Digitaria leucophaea Stapf in Dyer, FI. 
Cap. 7: 382. 1898. Based on Panicum 
leucophaeum Swartz (error for H. B. K.) 

Panicum insulare var. leucophaeum 
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 33: 361, 362. 
1898. Based on P. leucophaeum H. B. K. 

Syntherisma insularis Millsp. and Chase, 
Field Mus. Bot. 1: 473. 1902. Based 
on Andropogon insularis L. 

Valota insularis Chase, Biol. Soc. Wash. 
Proc. 19: 188. 1906. Based on Andro- 
pogon insularis L. 

Digitaria insularis Mez ex Ekman, Arkiv 
Bot. 13: 22. 1913. Based on Andro- 
pogon insularis L. 

Andropogon fabricii Herzog ex Henr., 
Med. Rijks Herb. Leiden 40: 44. 1921. 
Jamaica, Swartz. (Sterile specimen with 
large galls.) 

(3) Trichachne patens Swallen, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 19: 442. f. 5. 1932. Near Lake 
Mitchell, San Antonio, Tex., Ayer. 
Gr. Natl. Herb. 294 ( Hitchcock 5328). 

Digitaria patens Henr., Blumea 1: 99. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1934. Based on Trichachne patens 
Swallen. 


(111) TRICHLORIS Fourn. 


(1) Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi, Rev. 
Argentina Agron. 14: 63. 1947. Based — 
on Chloris crinita Lag. 

Chloris crinita Lag., Var. Cienc. 4: 143. 
1805. Erroneously said to come from 
Philippine Islands (collected by Née), 
but the type in the Madrid Herbarium 
and the brief description agree with 
Trichloris mendocina. Née collected 
grasses in both Mexico and Argentina. 

Chloris mendocina R. A. Phil., An. Univ. 


Chile 36: 208. 1870. Mendoza, Argen- 
tina [Philippil. 
Trichloris blanchardiana Fourn. ex 


Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 9: 146. 
1882. Tucson, Ariz., Pringle. | 
Chloridiopsis [error for Chloropsis] blanch- 
ardiana Gay ex Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 9: 146. 1882, as synonym of 
Trichloris blanchardiana Fourn. 

Trichloris verticillata Fourn. ex Vasey, 
Grasses U.-S. Descer. Cat. 61. 1885, 
name only; U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. 
Bul. 12?: pl. 25. 1891. Arizona [Tucson, 
Pringle). 

Trichloris fasciculata Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 
142. 1886. San Luis de Potosi, Mexico, 
Virlet 1440. 

Chloropsis fasciculata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pe ena: 
fasciculata Fourn. 

Chloropsis blanchardiana Kuntze, Rev. 


Gen. Pl. 2: 771.- 1891. Based ong 
Trichloris blanchardiana Hack. (error 
for Fourn.). 


Chloropsis crinita Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 771. 1891. Based on Chloris crinita 
Lag. | 

Leptochloris crinita Munro ex Kuntze, 
Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 771. 1891. Name in 
Kew Herbarium. 

Trichloris mendocina Kurtz, Mem. Fac. 
Cienc. Exact. Univ. Cérdoba 1896.: 37. 
1897. Based on Chloris mendocina R. A. 
Phil. 

Chloropsis mendocina Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 32: 348. 1898. Based on Chloris 
mendocina R. A. Phil. 

Trichloris mendocina forma blanchardiana 
Kurtz, Bol. Acad. Cienc. Cérdoba 16: 
270. 1900. Based on 7’. blanchardiana 
Fourn. 

Leptochloris greggit Munro ex Merrill, U. 
S. Dept. Agr, Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 7. 
1901, as synonym of Chloropsis men- 
docina Kuntze. 

Chloris trichodes Lag. ex Parodi, Rev. 
Argentina Agron. 14: 62. 1947, as syno- 
nym of Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi. 

Trichloris crinita var. typica Parodi, Rev. 
Argentina Agron. 14: 638. 1947. 

(2) Trichloris pluriflora Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 


1891. Based on Trichloris 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


142. 1886. Mexico, Karwinsky; Texas, 
between Laredo and Bejar [Bexar], 
Berlandier 1480. 

Trichloris latifolia Vasey, U. 8. Dept. 
Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 32. 18838. Texas 
ane New Mexico [Wright 763]. Name 
only. 

Chloropsis pluriflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 771. 1891. Based on Trichloris 
pluriflora Fourn. 


(98) TRICHONEURA Anderss. 


1 (1) Trichoneura elegans Swallen, Amer. 
| Jour. Bot. 19: 439. f. 4. 1932. Devine, 
Tex., Silveus 348. 


(33) TRIDENS Roem. and Schult. 


(15) Tridens albescens (Vasey) Woot. and 
Standl., N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 129. 
1912. Based on Triodia albescens Vasey. 

Triodia albescens Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Bot. Bul. 12?: pl. 38. 1891. Texas 
[type, Hall 782] and New Mexico. 
Tricuspis albescens Munro erroneously 
cited as synonym (see this name under 
T. congestus). 

Sieglingia albescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
P]. 2: 789. 1891. Based on Triodia 
albescens Vasey. 

Rhombolytrum albescens Nash in Britton, 
Man. 129. 1901. Based on Triodia 
albescens Vasey. 

(8) Tridens ambiguus (Ell.) Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 333. 1824. Based on Poa 
ambigua Fl. 

Poa ambigua Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 1: 
165. 1816. South Carolina and Georgia. 

Windsoria ambigua Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 
1818. Based on Poa ambigua Ell. 

Uralepis ambigua Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
108. 1829. Based on Poa ambigua Ell. 

Tricuspis ambigua Chapm., FI]. South. 
ae 559. 1860. Based on Poa ambigua 


Triodia ambigua Benth. ex Vasey, U. 8S. 
Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 35. 1883. 
Not T. ambigua R. Br., 1810. Based on 
Tricuspis ambigua Chapm. 

Sieglingia ambigua Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
ee 1891. Based on Poa ambigua 

Tricuspis langloisii Nash, N.Y. Bot. Gard. 
Bul. 1: 298. 1899. Louisiana, Langlois. 

Triodia elliottit Bush, Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 
Trans. 12: 73. 1902. Based on Poa 
ambigua Ell. 

Triodia langloisit Bush, Acad. Sci. St. 
Louis, Trans. 12: 72. 1902. Based on 
Tricuspis langloisit Nash. 

Tridens langloisiti Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 142. 1903. Based on 
Tricuspis langloisii Nash. 

(6) Tridens buckleyanus (L. H. Dewey) 
Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. S. 
143. 1903. Based on Sieglingia buck- 
leyana L. H. Dewey. 


971 

Sieglingia buckleyana L. H. Dewey, U. 8. 

Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 540. 1894. 
Southern Texas, Buckley. 

Triodia buckleyana Vasey, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 2: 540. 1894, as syno- 
nym of Steglingia buckleyana L. H. 
Dewey. 

Triodia buckleyana Vasey ex Hitchce., 
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 452. 1933. 
Based on Sieglingia buckleyana L. H. 
Dewey. 

(7) Tridens carolinianus (Steud.) Henr., 
Blumea 3: 424. 1940. Based on Fes- 
tuca caroliniana Steud. 

Festuca caroliniana Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 
1: 312. 1854. Carolina, Bosc. 

Triodia drummondii Scribn. and Kearn., 
U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 4: 
37. 1897. Jacksonville, “Fla.” [Louis- 
iana], Drummond. 

Tridens drummondii Nash ex Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. S. 148. 1903. Based on 
Triodia drummondii Scribn. and Kearn. 

Triodia caroliniana Chase, Amer. Jour. 
Bot. 24: 34. 1987. Based on Festuca 
caroliniana Steud. 

(12) Tridens chapmani (Small) Chase, 
new combination. Based on Sieglingia 
chapmani Small. 

Sieglingia chapmani Small, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 22: 365. 1895. Florida, 
Chapman. 

Triodia chapmani Bush, Acad. Sci. St. 
Louis, Trans. 12: 74. 1902. Based on 
Sieglingia chapmani Small. 

Triodia flava var. chapmani Fern. and 
Grisc., Rhodora 37: 188. 1935. Based 
on Steglingia chapmani Smail. 

(5) Tridens congestus (1.. H. Dewey) Nash 
in Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 143. 
1903. Based on Steglingia congesta L. H. 
Dewey. 

Tricuspis albescens Munro ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 335. 
1863. Name only for Drummond 314, 
Texas. 

Sieglingia congesta L. H. Dewey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 538. 1894. - 

- Corpus Christi, Tex., Nealley 24. 

Tricuspis congesta Heller, N. Amer. PI. 
Cat. ed. 2. 28. 1900. Based on “‘7'ri- 
odia’”’ [error for Sieglingia] congesta L. 
H. Dewey. 

Triodia congesta Bush, Acad. Sci. St. 
Louis, ‘Trans. 12:067.-:pl.. 10371902: 
Based on Sieglingia congesta L. H. 


Dewey. 

(17) Tridens elongatus (Buckl.) Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 143. 1903. 
Based on Uralepis elongata Buck. 

Uralepis elongata Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 89. 1862. Northern 
Texas. 

Triodia trinerviglumis Benth. ex Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 35. 
1883, name only, with T'ricuspis triner- 
viglumis Munro, also name only, as 


972 MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


synonym, Texas. Described in Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 122: 
pl. 40. 1891. Texas to Arizona, north- 
ward to Colorado. 

Tricuspis trinerviglumis Munro ex Vasey, 
U. S. Dept. Agr., Spec. Rpt. 63: 35. 
1883, as synonym of T’riodia trinervi- 
glumis Benth. 

Sieglingia trinerviglumis Kuntze, Rev. 
Gen. Pl. 2: 789. 1891. Based on 
Tricuspis trinerviglumis “‘Buckl.”’ (error 
for Munro). 

Sieglingia elongata Nash in Britt. and 
Brown, Illustr. Fl. 3:504. 1898. Based 
on Uralepis elongata Buckl. 

Tricuspis elongata Heller, Cat. N. Amer. 
Pl. ed. 2.28. 1900. Based on “‘T'riodia”’ 
(error for Uralepis] elongata Buckl. 

Triodia elongata Scribn., U. 8. Dept. Agr., 
Div. Agrost. Bul. 17 (ed. 2): 210. f. 506. 
1901. Based on Uralepis elongata Buckl. 

(9) Tridens eragrostoides (Vasey and 
Seribn.) Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. 
U. S. 142. 1908. Based on Triodia 
eragrostoides Vasey and Scribn. 

Triodia eragrostoides Vasey and Scribn., 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 1:58. 1890. 
Texas, Nealley. 

Sieglingia eragrostoides L. H. Dewey, U.S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 539. 1894. 
Based on T'riodia eragrostoides Vasey 
and Scribn. 

Sieglingia eragrostoides var. scabra Vasey 
ex Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 465. 
1896. Texas, Nealley [probably No. 96}. 

Triodia eragrostoides var. scabra Bush, 
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, Trans. 12: 71. 
1902. Based on Sieglingia eragrostoides 
var. scabra Vasey. 

(10) Tridens flavus (L.) Hitche., Rhodora 8: 
210. 1906. Based on Poa flava L. 

Poa flava L., Sp. Pl. 68. 1753. Virginia. 

Poa sesleroides Michx., F]. Bor. Amer. 1: 
68. 1803. Not P.  seslerioides All., 
1785. Illinois and the mountains of 
Carolina [type], Michauz. 

Tricuspis caroliniana Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
179 pl 3. £29, ple 15. t. 10h, 1812: 
South Carolina. 

Tricuspis novae-boracensis Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 77, 179. 1812. Name only. 
New York, Delille. 

Poa caerulescens Michx. ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 77. 1812, name only; Kunth, 
Rév. Gram. 1: 108. 1829, as synonym 
of Uralepis cuprea Kunth. 

Festuca quadridens Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 2: 640. 1812. Carolina, Bosc. 

Triodia cuprea Jacq., Eclog. Gram. 2: 21. 
pl. 16. 1814. Grown in botanic garden, 
source unknown. 

Poa quinquefida Pursh, F]. Amer. Sept. 1: 
81. 1814. New England to Carolina. 
?Panicum festucoides Poir. in Lam., 
Encycl. Sup. 4: 283. 1816. East Indies, 
Desvaux, but Desvaux later (see 


Triodia festucoides below) corrects this 
to North America. 

Poa arundinacea Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 
Sup. 4: 329. 1816. Based on P. 
sesleroides Michx. 

Tridens quinquefidus Roem. and Schult., 
Syst. Veg. 2:599. 1817. Based on Poa 
quinquefida Pursh. 

Windsoria poaeformis Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 
70. 1818. Based on Poa sesleroides 
Michx. 

Tricuspis sesleroides Torr., F]. North. and 
Mid. U. 8. 118. 18238. Based on Poa 
sesleroides Michx. 

Cynodon carolinianus Raspail, Ann. Sci. 
Nat., Bot. 5: 302. 1825. Based on 
Tricuspts caroliniana Beauv. 

Windsoria seslerioides Eaton, Man. ed. 
5.447. 1829. Based on Poa sesleroides 
Michx. 

Uralepis cuprea Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
108. 1829. Based on Triodia cuprea 
Jacq. 

Eragrostis tricuspis Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 1: 
414, 1830. Based on Tricuspis caro- 
liniana Beauv. 

Tricuspis quinquifida Beauv. ex Don, 
Loud. Hort. Brit. 31. 1830. Based on 
Poa caerulescens Michx. 

?Triodia festucoides Desv., Opusc. 98. 
1831. North America, Panicum festu- 
coides Desv., in Poir., cited as synonym. 

Triodia caerulescens Desv., Opusc. 99. 
1831. Based on Poa caerulescens Michx. 

Triodia novaeboracensis Desv., Opusc. 99. 
1831. Based on T'ricuspis novaebora- 
censis Beauv. 

Uralepis tricuspis Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 
2. 1: 564. 1840. Based on Hragrostis 
tricuspis Trin. 

Festuca purpurea Schreb. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1:632. 1840, as synonym of 
Uralepis cuprea Kunth. 

Tricuspis sesleroides var. flecuosa Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 398. 1871. 
Pennsylvania. 

Festuca flava F. Muell., Sel. Pl. Indus. 
Cult. 87. 1876. Based on Poa flava 
““Gronov”’ [L.]. 

Triodia sesleroides Benth. ex Vasey, U.S. 
Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 35. 1888. 
Based on Tricuspis sesleroides Torr. 

Sieglingia flava Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
789. 1891. Based on Poa flava L. 

Sieglingia cuprea Millsp., Fl. W. Va. 471. 
1892. Presumably based on T'riodia 
cuprea Jacq. 

Sieglingia sesleroides Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Mem. 5:48. 1894. Based on Poa 
sesleroides Michx. 

Sieglingia sesleroides var. intermedia Vasey 
ex L. H. Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. 
Contrib. 2: 539. 1894. Texas to Okla- 
homa, Sheldon in 1891. . 

Triodia sesleroides var. aristata Scribn. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


and Ball, U. 8. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. 
Bul. 24: 45. 1901. Clarcona, Fila., 
Meislahn 90. 

Tricuspis seslerioides var. pallida Holm, 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 14: 19. 1901. 
Marshall Hall, Md., Holm. 

Tridens seslerioides Nash in Small, Fl. 
Southeast. U. S. 142. 1903. Based on 
Poa sesleroides Michx. 

Tricuspis flava Hubb., Rhodora 14: 186. 
1912. Based on Poa flava L. 

Eragrostis arundinacea Jedw., Bot. Archiv 
Mez 5: 192. 1924. Texas. 

Triodia flava Smyth, Kans. Acad. Trans. 
25: 95. 1913. Based on Poa flava L. 

Triodia flava var. aristata Fern. and Grisc., 
Rhodora 37: 184. 1935. Based on 
Triodia sesleroides var. aristata Scribn. 
and Ball. 

Triodia flava forma flava Fosberg, Cas- 
tanea 11: 66. 1946. Based on Poa 
flava L. 

Triodia flava forma cuprea Fosberg, Cas- 
tanea 11:67. 1946. Based on Triodia 
cuprea Jacq. 

(2) Tridens grandiflorus (Vasey) Woot. and 
Standl., N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 129. 
1912. Based on T'riodia grandiflora 
Vasey. 

Uralepis avenacea var. viridiflora Fourn., 
Mex. Pl. 2: 110. 1886. San Luis de 
Potosi, Virlet 1379. No description, but 
specimen cited is T’ridens grandiflorus. 

Triodia grandiflora Vasey, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 1: 59. 1890. Chenate 
Mountains, Presidio County, Tex., 
Nealley 823. 

Sieglingia avenacea var. grandiflora L. H. 
Dewey, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
538. 1894. Based on Triodia grandi- 
flora Vasey. 

Sieglingia grandiflora Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 471. 1896. Based on T'riodia 
grandiflora Vasey. 

(16) Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash in Small, 
Fl. Southeast. U. S. 148. 1903. Based 
on Tricuspis mutica Torr. 

Tricuspis mutica Torr., U. 8. Expl. Miss. 
Pacif. Rpt. 4: 156. 1857. Laguna 
Colorado, N. Mex. [Bigelow]. 

Uralepis pilosa Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 95. 1862. Not U. 
pilosa Buckl., op. cit. 94. ‘Northern 
Texas” cited, but the type is from west- 
ern Texas, collected by Wright. 

Triodia mutica Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 10: 30. 18838. Based on T'ricuspis 
mutica Torr. 

Uralepis mutica Fourn. ex Hemsl., Biol. 
Centr. Amer. Bot. 3: 569. 1885, as 
synonym of Triodia mutica Benth. (U. 
mutica Fourn., Mex. Pl. 2: 110. 1886, 
based on Liebmann 611, is Poa alpina.) 

Sieglingia mutica Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 789. 1891. Based on Tricuspis 
mutica Torr. 


973 


(3) Tridens nealleyi (Vasey) Woot. and 
Standl., N. Mex. Col. Agr. Bul. 81: 
129. 1912. Based on Triodia nealleyi 
Vasey. 

Triodia nealleyi Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 49. 1888, name only; U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 12?: pl. 36. 
1891. Western Texas, Nealley. 

Sieglingia nealleyi L. H. Dewey, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 538. 1894. 
Based on T'riodia nealleyi Vasey. 

Tricuspis nealleyi Heller, N. Amer. PI. 
Cat. ed. 2.28. 1900. Presumably based 
on Triodia nealleyi Vasey. 

(11) Tridens oklahomensis (Feath.) Feath., 
new combination. Based on T'riodia 
oklahomensis Feath. 

Triodia oklahomensis Feath., Rhodora 40: 
248. 1938. Stillwater, Okla., Wade in 


1937. 

(4) Tridens pilosus (Buckl.) Hitchc., U. S. 
Nati. Herb. Contrib. 17: 357. 1918. 
Based on Uralepis pilosa Buckl. 

Uralepis pilosa Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 94. 1862. Middle 
Texas, [Buckley]. 

Tricuspis acuminata Munro ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 335. 
1862, as synonym of Uralepis pilosa 
Buckl. 

Triodia acuminata Benth. ex Vasey, U.S. 
Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 35. 1883, 
name only, with Tricuspis acuminata 
Munro given as synonym; Vasey, U.S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Bot. Bul. 12?: pl. 32. 
1891. Texas [type, Austin, Hall 779] 
to Arizona and Mexico. 

Sieglingia acuminata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2. 789. 1891. Based on Triodia 
acuminata Vasey. 

Sieglingia pilosa Nash in Britt. and Brown, 
Illustr. Fl. 3: 504. 1898. Based on 
Uralepis pilosa Buckl. 

Tricuspis pilosa Heller, Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 
ed. 2: 28. 1900. Presumably based on 
Uralepis pilosa Buckl. 

Triodia pilosa (Buckl.) Merr., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Cir. 32: 9. 1901. 
Based on Uralepis pilosa Buckl. 

Erioneuron pilosum Nash in Small, FI. 
Southeast. U. 8S. 144. 1903. Based on 
Uralepis piiosa Buckl. 

(1) Tridens pulchellus (H. B. K.) Hitche. in 
Jepson, Fl. Calif. 1: 141. 1912. Based 
on Triodia pulchella H. B. K. 

Triodia pulchella H. B. K., Nov. Gen. et 
Sp. 1:155. pl. 47. 1816. Mexico, Hwm- 
boldt and Bonpland. 

Koeleria pulchella Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
332. 1825. Based on Triodia pulchella 
H. B. K. 

Uralepis pulchella Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
108. 1829. Based on Triodia pulchella 
HeBLk 

Dasyochloa pulchelia Willd. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2.1: 484. 1840, as syno- 
nym of Uralepis pulchella Kunth ex 


974 


Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mount. 67. 1917. 
Based on Triodia pulchella H. B. K. 
Tricuspis pulchella Torr., U. S. Expl. 
Miss. Pacif. Rpt. 4: 156. 1857. Based 
on “Trichodia’’ [error for Triodia] pul- 

chella H. B. K. 

Trichodiclida prolifera Cervant., Natura- 
leza 1870: 346. 1870. Near Mexico 
City. 

Sieglingia pulchella Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 
2: 789. 1891. Based on T'riodia pul- 
chella H. B. K. 

Sieglingia pulchella var. parviflora Vasey ex 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 468. 1896. 
Southern California, Orcutt. 

(14) Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash in Small, 
F]. Southeast. U. 8. 148. 1903. Based 
on Windsoria stricta Nutt. 

Windsoria stricta Nutt., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. (n. s.) 5: 147. 1837. Arkansas 
(probably Arkansas Post), Nuttall. 

Tricuspis stricta Wood, Class-book, ed. 
1861. 792. 1861. Based on Windsoria 
stricta Nutt. 

Uralepis densiflora Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 94. 1862. 
Middle Texas, [Buckley]. 

Triodia stricta Benth. ex Vasey, U. S. 
Dept. Agr. Spec. Rpt. 63: 35. 1883. 
Based on ‘‘T'ricuspis”’ [error for Wind- 
soria] stricta Nutt. 

Sieglingia stricta Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 
789. 1891. Based on Windsoria stricta 
Nutt. 

(13) Tridens texanus (S. Wats.) Nash in 
Small, Fl. Southeast. U. 8. 142. 1903. 
Based on Triodia texana Thurb. (error 
for 8. Wats.). 

Triodia texana S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. 18:180. 1888. Coahuila, Mexico; 
western Texas and New Mexico, Wright 
776, 777, and 2045 ferror for 2055], 
type, from Texas. 

Tricuspis tecana Thurb. ex 8S. Wats., 
Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 18: 180. 1883, 
as synonym of T'riodia terana 8. Wats. 

Sieglingia texana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 
2: 789. 1891. Based on T'riodia texana 
S. Wats. 


(34) TRIPLASIS Beauv. 


(2) Triplasis americana Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
81. pl. 16. f. 10. 1812. United States, 
Deliile. 

Uralepsis cornuta Ell., Bot. S. C. and Ga. 
1: 580. 1821, South Carolina and 
Georgia. 

Tricuspis cornuta A. Gray, Man. 590. 
1848. Based on Uralepsis cornuta Ell. 

Triplasis cornuta Benth. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 1121. 1895, as synonym of 
Triplasis americana Beauv. 

Sieglingia americana Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 466. 1896. Based on Tr- 
plasis americana Beauv. 

(1) Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm., Fl. 
South. U.S. 560. 1860. Based on Aira 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


purpurea Walt. : 
Aira purpurea Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 1788. 
South Carolina. 
Festuca brevifolia Muhl., Descr. Gram. — 
167. 1817. Delaware, Georgia, and | 
New York. Name only, Muhl., Cat. — 
PLS Sis: | 
Diplocea barbata Raf., Amer. Jour. Sci. 1: 
252. 1818. Carolina; Long Island. . 
Uralepsis purpurea Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:62. | 
1818. Based on Aira purpurea Walt. 
Uralepsis aristulata Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 63. — 
1818. Wilmington, Del., Baldwin. 


Glyceria? brevifolia Schult., Mantissa 2: — | 


387. 
Muhl. 

Tricuspis purpurea A. Gray, Man. 589. 
1848. Based on Aira purpurea Walt. 

Merisachne drummondii Steud., Syn. Pl. — 
au 1:117. 1854. Texas, Drummond 

Festuca purpurea F. Muell., Sel. Pl. Indus. — 
Cult. 88. 
purpurea Nutt. 

Triplasis sparsiflora Chapm., Bot. Gaz. 3: | 
19. 1878. Punta Rassa, Fla., [Chap- ©} 
man, specimen affected by fungus.] 

Sieglingia purpurea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl 2) (89s 189i" 
purpurea Walt. 

Panicularia brevifolia Porter, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 20: 205. 1893. Based on 
Festuca brevifolia Muhl. 

Triplasis intermedia Nash, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 25: 564. 1898. Tampa, Fla., 
Nash 2426. 

Triplasis floridana Gandog., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 667: 303. 1920. 
Rassa, Fla., Hitchcock 533. 

Triplasis glabra Gandog., Soc. Bot. | 

France Bul. 667: 303. 1920. Rhode | 
Island and Florida. 

Triodia purpurea Smyth, Kans. Acad. 
Sci. Trans. 25: 95. 1918. Based on 
Triplasis purpurea Chapm. 


(99) TRIPOGON Roth 
(1) Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman, Arkiv 
Bot. 114: 36. 1912. Based on Bromus 
spicatus Nees. 

Bromus spicatus Nees, Agrost. Bras. 471. 
1829. Piauhy, Brazil. 

Diplachne spicata Doell in Mart., FI. 
Bras. 23: 159. pl. 28. f. 2. 1878. Based 
on Bromus spicatus Nees. 

Triodia schaffnerit S. Wats., Amer. Acad. 
Sci. Proc. 18: 181. 1883. San Luis 
Potosi, Mexico, Schaffner 1077. 

Diplachne reverchoni Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 118. 1886. Llano 
County, Tex., Reverchon. 

Leptochloa spicata Scribn., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1891: 304. 1891. 
Based on Diplachne spicata Doell. . 

Sieglingia schaffnert Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 789. 1891. Based on Triodia 
schaffneri 8. Wats. 


1824. Based on Festuca brevifolia 


1876. Based on Uralepsis — | 


Based on Aira — 


Punta © 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Rabdochloa spicata Kuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11:121. 1904. 
Based on Bromus spicatus Nees. 

Steglingia spicata Kuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11:128. 1904. 
Based on Bromus spicatus Nees. 


(166) TRIPSACUM L. 


(1) Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., Syst. 
Nat. ed. 10. 2: 1261. 1759. Based on 
Coix dactyloides L. 

Coiz dactyloides L., Sp. Pl. 972. 1753. 
America. 

Coiz angulatis Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 
Coix No. 2. 1768. North America. 

Ischaemum glabrum Walt., F]. Carol. 249. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Tripsacum monostachyum Willd., Sp. Pl. 
4: 202. 1805. South Carolina. 

Tripsacum dactyloides var. monostachyon 
Eaton and Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 
461. 1840. Connecticut. Wood, Class- 
book 458. 1845. Gray, Man. Bot. 616. 
1848. No basis given. 

Tripsacum dactyloides var. monostachyum 
Hack. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 23: 316. 1883. 
Based on 7’. monostachyum Willd. 

Dactylodes angulatum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 773. 1891. Based on Coix an- 
gulatis Mill. 

Dactylodes dactylodes Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 3?: 349. 1898. Based on Tripsacum 
dactyloides L. 

Tripsacum dactyloides var. occidentale 
Cutler and Anders., Mo. Bot. Gard. 
Ann. 28:258. 1941. Jeff Davis County, 
Tex., Moore and Steyermark 3092. 

(2) Tripsacum floridanum Porter ex Vasey, 
U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 3:6. 1892. 
Florida, Garber. 

Tripsacum dactyloides var. floridanum 
Beal, Grasses N. Amer. 2: 19. 1896. 
Based on T. floridanum Porter. 

(3) Tripsacum lanceclatum Rupr. in Fourn., 
Mex. PI. 2:68. 1886. Aguas Calientes, 
Mexico, Hartweg 252. 

Tripsacum acutiflorum Fourn., Soc. Bot. 
Belg. Bul. 15: 466. 1876, name only; 
Nash, N. Amer. F]. 17:81. 1909. Same 
type as T’. lanceolatum Rupr. 

Tripsacum lemmoni Vasey, U. 8. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 3: 6. 1892. Huachuca 
Mountains, Ariz., Lemmon [2932]. 

Tripsacum dactyloides var. lemmoni Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2:19. 1896. Based 
on T. lemmoni Vasey. 

Tripsacum dactyloides hispidum Hitche., 
Bot. Gaz. 41: 295. 1906. Las Candas, 
Mexico, Pringle 3811. 


(57) TRISETUM Pers. 


Trisetum aureum (Ten.) Ten., Fl. Napol. 2: 
378. 1820. Based on Koeleria aurea 
Ten. 

Koeleria aurea Ten., Cors. Bot. Lez. 1: 
58. 1806. Europe. 


975 


(6) Trisetum canescens Buckl., Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 100. 1862. 
Columbia Plains, Oreg., Nuttall. 

Trisetum elatum Nutt. ex A. Gray, Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 337. 1862, 
as synonym of 7’. canescens Buckl. 

Trisetum cernuum var. canescens Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 380. 1896. Based 
on 7’. canescens Buck. 

Trisetum canescens forma tonsum Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 216. 1928. Trinity 
County, Calif., Yates 522. 

Trisetum canescens forma  velutinum 
Louis-Marie, Rhodora 30: 216. 1928. 
Lassens Peak, Calif., Austin in 1879. 

Trisetum projectum Louis-Marie, Rhodora 
30: 217. 1928. Fresno County, Calif., 
Hall and Chandler 359. 

Trisetum cernum var. projectum Beetle, 
West. Bot. Leaflets 4: 288. 1946. 
Based on T’.. projectum Louis-Marie. 

(4) Trisetum cernuum Trin., Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 
1: 61. 18380. Sitka, Alaska. 

Avena nutkaensis Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 
254. 1830. Nootka Sound, Vancouver 
Island, Haenke. 

Avena cernua Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: Sup. 
26. 18380. Based on Trisetum cernuum 


sirin: 
Trisetum sandbergit Beal, Grasses N. 
Amer. 2: 378. 1896. Mount Stuart, 


Wash., Sandberg and Leiberg 823. 

Trisetum nutkaense Scribn. and Merr. ex 
Davy, Calif. Univ. Pubs., Bot. 1: 63. 
1902. Based on Avena nutkaensis Presl. 

Tristetum cernuum var. luxurians Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 218. 1928. Sea- 
side, Oreg., Shear and Scribner 1705. 

Trisetum cernuum var. luxurians forma 
pubescens Louis-Marie, Rhodora 30: 
218. 1928. Eureka, Calif. 

Trisetum cernuum var. sandbergii Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 214. 1928. Based 
on 7’. sandbergii Beal. 

Trisetum cernuum forma pubescens G. N. 
Jones, Wash. Univ. Pubs. Biol. 5: 108. 
1936. Based on T. cernuum var. 
luxurians forma pubescens Louis-Marie. - 

(8) Trisetum flavescens (L.) Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. -88,° 158. pl. 18. fi. 1. 1812. 
Based on Avena flavescens L. 

Avena flavescens L., Sp. Pl. 80. 1753. 
Europe. 

Trisetum pratense Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 97. 
1805. Europe. 

Trisetaria flavescens Baumg., Enum. Stirp. 
Transsilv. 3: 263. 1816. Based on 
Avena flavescens Schreb. (error for L.). 

Rebentischia flavescens Opiz, Lotos 4: 104. 
1854, as synonym of T’risetwm flavescens 


eauv. 

(10) Trisetum interruptum Buckl., Acad. 

Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 100. 1862. 
Middle Texas [Buckley]. 

?Calamagrostis longirostris Buckl., Prel. 

Rpt. Geol. Agr. Survey Tex. App. 2. 


976 


1866. Texas. 
Trisetum hallii Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 11: 6. 1884. Texas, Hall 799 in 


part. 

Sphenopholis interrupta Scribn., Rhodora 
8: 145. 1906. Based on T'risetum inter- 
ruptum Buckl. 

Sphenopholis hallit Scribn., Rhodora 8: 
146. 1906. Based on T'risetum hallit 
Scribn. 

Trisetum interruptum hallii Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 160. 1928. Based 
on 7’. hallit Scribn. 

(1) Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribn., 
Bot. Gaz. 9: 169. 1884. Based on Aira 
melicoides Michx. 

Aira melicoides Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
62. 1803. Canada. 

? Arundo airoides Poir. in Lam., Encycl. 6: 
270. 1804. North America, Michauz. 

Graphephorum melicoideum Desv., Nouv. 
Bul. Soc. Philom. Paris 2: 189. 1810. 
Based on Aira melicoides Michx. 

?Deyeuxia airoides Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
44, 152, 160. 1812. Based on Arundo 
airoides Michx. [error for Poir.]. 

Poa melicoides Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 68. 
1818. Based on Aira melicoides Michx. 

Triodia melicoides Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 
331. 1825. Based on Aira melicoides 
Michx. 

? Agrostis airoides Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat., 
Bot. 5: 449. 1825. Based on Deyeuxia 
airoides Beauv. 

?Calamagrostis airoides Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 1: 249. 1840. Based on Arundo 
airotdes Poir. 

Dupontia cooleyi A. Gray, Man. ed. 2. 
556. 1856. Washington, Mich. 
[Cooley]. 

Graphephorum melicoides var. major A. 
Gray, Amer. Acad. Sci. Proc. 5: 191. 
1861. Based on Dupontia cooleyi A. 
Gray, 

Graphephorum melicoideum cooleyi Scribn., 
Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 53. 1894. 
Based on Dupontia cooleyi A. Gray. 

Trisetum melicoideum cooleyi Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 87. 1906. Based on 
Dupontia cooleyi A. Gray. 

Trisetum melicoides var. majus Hitche. in 
Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 1908. 
Based on Graphephorum melicoides var. 
major A. Gray. 

Graphephorum cooleyi Farwell, Mich. 
Acad. Sci. Papers 1: 88. 1921. Based 
on Dupontia cooleyi A. Gray. 

(7) Trisetum montanum Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 13: 118. 1886. No locality 
cited. [Type, Las Vegas, N. Mex., 
G. R. Vasey in 1881.] 

Trisetum argenteum Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
ASt iV. Agrost. uly dls 49 tee. 
1898. Not T. argentewum Roem. and 
seo 1817. Silverton, Colo., Shear 

14. 
Trisetum shearti Scribn., U.S. Dept. Agr., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Div. Agrost. Cir. 30: 8. 1901. Based 
on 7. argenteum Scribn. 

Graphephorum shearti Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 32: 602. 1905. Based on 
Trisetum shearw Scribn. 

Trisetum canescens var. montanum Hitche., 
Biol. Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 160. 1928. 
Based on TJ’. montanum Vasey. 

Trisetum montanum var. pilosum Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 212. 1928. Caroles, 
N. Mex., Standley 4536. 

Trisetum montanum var. shearii Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 218. 1928. Based 
on T'risetum shear Scribn. 

(3) Trisetum orthochaetum Hitchc., Amer. 
Jour. Bot. 21: 134. f. 3. 1934. Lolo 
Hot Springs, Bitterroot Mountains, 
Mont., Chase 5129. 

(9) Trisetum pennsylvanicum (L.) Beauv. 
ex Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 658. 
1817. Based on Avena pennsylvanica L. 

Avena pennsylvanica L., Sp. Pl. 79. 1758. 
Pennsylvania, Kalm. 

? Avena caroliniana Walt., Fl. Carol. 81. 
1788. South Carolina. 

Avena palustris Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 72. 1803. Carolina and Georgia, 
Michaucz. 

Aira pallens var. aristata Muhl. ex EIl., 
Bot. 8S. C. and Ga. 1:151. 1816. South 
Carolina. 

Avena pennsylvanica Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
185. 1817. Pennsylvania and North 
Carolina. No authority cited but the 
Muhlenberg specimen belongs to the 
Linnaean species. 

Trisetum palustre Torr., Fl. North. and 
Mid. U. 8. 126. 1823. Based on Avena 
palustris Michx. 

Arrhenatherum pennsylvanicum Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. S. 1: 180. 1823. 
Based on Avena pennsylvanica L. 

Arrhenatherum kentuckensis Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. 8. 1: 1381. 1823. 
Kentucky, sent by Rafinesque. 

The name was spelled ‘“Kentuckenensis”’ in 
Eaton, Man. Bot. N. Amer. ed. 5. 115. 
1829, and A. kentuckiensis in Eaton and 
Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 136. 1840, 
both credited to Torrey. 

Trisetum ludovicianum Vasey, Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 12: 6. 1885. Pomte a la 
Hache, La., Langlois. 

Sphenopholis palustris Scribn., Rhodora 
8:145. 1906. Based on Avena palustris 
Michx. 

Sphenopholis palustris flexuosa Scribn., 
Rhodora 8: 148, 145. 1906. Wilming- 
ton, Del., Commons 274. 

Sphenopholis palustris var. flecuosa Scribn. 
in Robinson, Rhodora 10: 65. 1908. 
Based on S. palustris flecuosa Scribn. 

Sphenopholis  pennsylvanica Hitchce., 
Amer. Jour. Bot. 2: 304. 1915. Based 
on Avena pennsylvanica L. 

Sphenopholis pennsylvanica var. flexuosa 
Hubb., Rhodora 18: 234. 1916. Based 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES O77 


on S. palustris flecuosa Scribn. 

The plant from Hunting Creek, Va., dis- 
cussed by Vasey (Bot. Gaz. 9: 165. 1884) 
as a hybrid between Trisetum palustre and 
Eatonia pennsylvanica, is an exceptional 
specimen of T'risetum pennsylvanicum (L.) 
Beauv. with short-awned and awnless 
spikelets. 

(5) Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt., Pl. Eur. 
1:59. 1890. Based on Aira spicata L. 

Aira spicata L., Sp. Pl. 64. 1753. Lap- 
land. 

Aira subspicata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10. 2: 
873. 1759. Based on A. spicata L. 
(Sp. Pl. 64. 1753), the diagnosis copied. 

Avena airoides Koel., Descr. Gram. 298. 
1802. Based on Aira subspicata L. 

Avena mollis Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 72. 
1803. Canada. Not Avena mollis Salisb., 
1796, nor Koel., 1802. 

Avena subspicata Clairv., Man. Herbor. 
17. 1811. Based on a phrase name in 
Haller which refers to Aira spicata L. 

Trisetum subspicatum Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
88, 149. 1812. Based on Aira sub- 
spicata L. 

Melica triflora Bigel., New England Jour. 
Med. and Surg. 5: 334. 1816. Mount 
Washington, N. H., Boott. (In Eaton, 
Man. ed. 2. 317. 1818, misspelled 
Melia triflora and placed under the 
genus Melia, preceding Melica.) 

Trisetaria airoides Baumg., Enum. Stirp. 
Transsilv. 3: 265. 1816. Based on 
Avena airoides Koel. 

Trisetum airoides Beauv. ex Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 666. 1817. 
Based on Avena aircides Koel. 

Trisetum molle Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 101. 
1829. Based on Avena mollis Michx. 

Koeleria subspicata Reichenb., Fl. Germ. 
49, 1830. Based on Aira subspicata L. 

Koeleria canescens Torr. ex. Trin., Acad. 
St. Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 2?: 13. 
1836, as synonym of Trisetum molle 
Kunth. 

Trisetum subspicatum var. molle A. Gray, 
Man. ed. 2. 572. 1856. Based on 
Avena mollis Michx. 

Koeleria spicata Reichenb ex. Willk. and 
Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 1: 72. 1861. 
as synonym of T'risetum subspicatum 
Beauv. 

Rupestrina pubescens Provancher, FI. 
Canad. 689. 1862. Based on Avena 
mollis Michx. 

Trisetum spicatum var. molle Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 377. 1896. Based 
on Avena mollis Michx. 

Trisetum brittonit Nash, N. Y. Bot. Gard. 
Bul. 1: 437. 1900. Marquette, Mich., 
Britton in 1883. 

Trisetum congdoni Scribn. and Merr., 
Torrey Bot. Club Bul. 29: 470. 1902. 
Mariposa County, Calif., Congdon. 

Trisetum americanum Gandog., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 49: 182. 1902. Colorado; 


Idaho. 

Trisetum majus Rydb., Colo. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 100: 34. 1906. “7. subspi- 
catum major Vasey,” an unpublished 
name, cited as basis. A tall specimen 
collected by Vasey, Pen Gulch, Colo., 
in 1884 and marked ‘“‘var. major Vasey” 
in his script is taken as type. No descrip- 
tion by Rydberg except the distinctions 
given in the key. 

Avena spicata Fedtsch., Act. Hort. Petrop. 
28: 76. 1908. Not A. spicata L. Based 
on Aira spicata L. 

Trisetum spicatum var. pilosiglume Fer- 
nald, Rhodora 18: 195. 1916. New- 
foundland, Fernald, Wiegand, and 
Bartram 4598. 

Trisetum spicatum congdoni Hitche., Biol. 
Soc. Wash. Proc. 41: 160. 1928. Based 
on Trisetum congdoni Scribn. and Merr. 

Trisetum spicatum var. brittonit Louis- 
Marie, Rhodora 30: 239. 1929. Based 
on T’. brittoniit Nash. 

Trisetum spicatum var. michauxii St. 
John, Fl. Southeast. Wash. and Adj. 
Idaho 62. 1937. Based on Avena 
mollis Michx., not A. mollis Salisb., 
1796, nor Koel., 1802. 


(2) Trisetum wolfii Vasey, U.S. Dept. Agr. 


Monthly Rpt. Feb. Mar. 156. 1874. 
Twin Lakes, Colo., Wolf. 

Trisetum subspicatum var. muticum Bo- 
land. in 8S. Wats., Bot. Calif. 2: 296. 
ee Upper Tuolumne, Calif., Bolander 

9. 

Trisetum brandegei Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 10: 64. 1883. Cascade 
Mountains, Brandegee and Tweedy in 
1882. 

Graphephorum wolfii Vasey ex Coult., 
Man. Rocky Mount. 423. 1885. Based 
on Trisetum wolfii Vasey. 

Trisetum muticum Scribn., U. 8. Dept. 
Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 11: 50. f. 10. 
1898. Based on Trisetum subspicatum 
var. muticum Boland. 

Graphephorum muticum Heller, Cat. N. 
Amer. Pl. ed. 2. 31. 1900. Presumably 
based on T'risetum subspicatum var. 
muticum Boland. 

Trisetum wolfit muticum Scribn., Rhodora 
8: 88. 1906. Based on 7’. swbspicatum 
var. muticum Thutrb. (error for Boland.). 

Graphephorum brandegei Rydb., Fl. Rocky 
Mount. 61. 1917. Based on Trisetum 
brandeget Scribn. 

Trisetum wolfti var. brandeget Louis-Marie, 
Rhodora 30: 241. 1929. Based on T. 
brandegei Scribn. 

Trisetum wolfit var. brandegez forina muti- 
cum Louis-Marie, Rhodora 30: 241. 
1929. Based on 1’. wolfii muticum Scribn. 


(43) TRITICUM L. 


(1) Triticum aestivum L., Sp. Pl. 85. 1753. 


Cultivated in Europe. 


978 


Tritecum estivum Raf., Fl. Ludovic. 16. 
1817. Error for T. aestewum. 

Triticum hybernum L., Sp. Pl. 86. 1758. 
Cultivated in Europe. 

Triticum compositum L., Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 
108. 1774. Egypt. Form with branched 
spike. 

Triticum sativum Lam., Fl. Frang. 3: 625. 
1778. Cultivated in Europe. 

Triticum vulgare Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauph. 2: 
153. 1787. Cultivated in Europe. 

Triticum vulgare var. aestivum Spenner, 
Fl. Friburg. 1: 168. 1825. Based on T. 
aestivum L. 

Triticum sativum vulgare Desv., Opusc. 
162. 1831. France. 

Triticum sativum var. aestivum Wood, 
Class-book ed. 2. 619. 1847. Pre- 
sumably based on 7’. aestivum L. 

Triticum sativum var. compositum Wood, 
Class-book ed. 2. 619. 1847. Presum- 
ably based on 7. compositum L. 

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Hack. in 
Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 
7: 85. 1887. Based on T. vulgare Vill. 

Triticum sativum var. vulgare Vilm., 
Blumengartn. 1:1217. 1896. Based on 
T. vulgare Vill. 

Triticum aestivum var. hybernum Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 203. 1904. 
Based on T. hybernum L. 

Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare Thell., 
Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 38: 142. 
1912. Based on 7’. vulgare Vill. 

Zeia vulgaris var. aestiva Lunell, Amer. 
Midl. Nat. 4: 226. 1915. Based on 
“Triticum vulgare aestivum L.”’ error for 
T. aestivum. 

Triticum orientale Perciv., Wheat PI. 
Monogr. 155, 204, f. 134. 1921. Not 7. 
orientale Biebers. 1808. Cultivated race 
from Persia. 

Triticum pyramidale Perciv., Wheat PI. 
Monogr. 156, 262, f. 161, 162. 1921. 
Cultivated race from Egypt. 

Triticum persicum Vavilov, in Zhukov., 
Bul. Appl. Bot. Petrograd 18: 46. 
1923. Transcaucasia, Zhukovsky. Not 
T. persicum Aitch. and Hemsley 1888, a 
species of Aegilops. 

Triticum dicoccum var. timopheevi Zhu- 
kov., Sci. Papers Appl. Sect. Tiflis Bot. 
Gard. No. 3: 1. f. 1. 1924. Trans- 
caucasia. 

Triticum timopheevi Zhukov., Bul. Appl. 
Bot. Genet., and Plant Breed. 192: 64. 
f. 1-8. 1928. Based on TJ’. dicoccum 
var. timopheevi Zhukov. 

Triticum compactum Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 


4. pl. 7. 1809. Cultivated in Austria. 
Triticum dicoccoides Koern., Bericht. 
Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 26: 309. 1908; 


Aaronsohn, Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 
5919: 485. 1909. Palestine. 
Triticum dicoceum Schrank, Baier. Fl. 1: 
389. 1789. Cultivated in Europe. 
Triticum aestivum subsp. dicoccum Thell., 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 38: 
141. 1912. Based on T. dicoccum 
Schrank. 

Triticum aestivum var. dicoccum Bailey, 
Gentes Herb. 1: 133. 1923. Based on 
T. dicoccum Schrank. 

Triticum durum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 114. 
1798. North Africa. 

Triticum aestivum subsp. durum Thell., 
Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Cherbourg 38: 143. 
1912. Based on T. durum Desf. 

Triticum macha Dekap. and Menab., Bul. 
Appl. Bot. Genet., and Plant Breed. 
V. 1:14, 38. 1932. Transeaspia. 

Triticum monococcum L., Sp. Pl. 86. 1753. 
Cultivated in Europe. 

Triticum aestivum var. monococcum Bailey, 
Gentes Herb. 1: 133. 1923. Based on 
T. monococcum L.. 

Triticum polonicum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 127. 
1762. Cultivated in Europe. 

Triticum aestivum var. polonicum Bailey, 
Man. Cult. Pl. 116. 1924. Based on 
T. polonicum L. 

Triticum spelta L., Sp. Pl. 86. 1753. Culti- 
vated in Europe. 

Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta Thell., 
Mitt. Naturw. Ges. Winterthur. 12: 
147. 1918. Based on 7. spelta L. 

Triticum aestivum var. spelta Bailey, 
Gentes Herb. 1: 133. 1923. Based on 
T. spelta L. 

Triticum sphaerococcum Perciv., Wheat 
Pl. Monogr. 157, 321. f. 202. 1921. 
India and Persia. 

Triticum turgidum L., Sp. Pl. 86. 1753. 
Cultivated in Europe. 


(22) UNIOLA L. 


(2) Uniola latifolia Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
70. 18038. The locality as published is 
Allegheny Mountains, but the type 
specimen is from Illinois. 

(6) Uniola laxa (L.) B.S. P., Prel. Cat. N. Y. 
69. i888. Based on Holcus laxus L. 

Holcus laxus L., Sp. Pl. 1048. 1753. 
Virginia. 

Uniola gracilis Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
71. 1808. Carolina to Georgia, 
Michaux. 

Uniola virgata Bartr. ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 82. 1814, as synonym of 
Uniola gracilis Michx. 

Chasmanthium gracile Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 
159. 1827. Based on Uniola gracilis 
Michx. 

Uniola uniflora Benke, Rhodora 31: 
148. 1929. Memphis, Tenn., Benke 
4874. 

(3) Uniola nitida Baldw. in EIll., Bot. 8. C. 
and Ga. 1:167. 1816. Camden County, 
Ga., Baldwin. 

Uniola intermedia Bose ex Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 75, 181. 1812. Name only. 
[A Bose specimen so named in Padua is 
U. nitida; another in Paris is U. sess7- 


flora.] 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


(4) Uniola ornithorhyncha Steud., Syn. Pl. 
Glum. 1: 280. 1854. Alabama, Drum- 
mond 51. 

Chasmanthium ornithorhynchum Nees ex 
Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 280. 1854, 
as synonym of Uniola ornithorhyncha 
Steud. 

(1) Uniola paniculata L., Sp. Pl. 71. 1753. 
Carolina. 

Briza caroliniana Lam., Encycl. 1: 465. 
1785. Carolina. 

Uniola maritima Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1:71. 1803. Carolina, Michauz. 

Trisiola paniculata Raf., Fl. Ludov. 144. 
1817. Based on Uniola paniculata L. 

Nevroctola maritima Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 311. 1894, as synonym of 
Uniola paniculata L. 

Nevroctola paniculata Raf. ex Jacks., Ind. 
Kew. 2: 311. 1894, as synonym of 
Uniola paniculata L. 

Uniola floridana Gandog., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 667: 304. 1920. Santa 
Rosa Island, Fla., Tracy 4545. 

Uniola heterochroa Gandog., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 667: 304. 1920. Punta 
Rassa, Fla., Hitchcock 535. 

Uniola macrostachys Gandog., Soc. Bot. 
France Bul. 667: 304. 1920. Breton 
Island, La., Tracy 462. 

(5) Uniola sessiliflora Poir. in Lam., En- 
cycl. 8: 185. 1808. Carolina, Bosc. 
Poa sessiliflora Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
111. 1829. Based on Uniola sessili- 

flora Poir. 

Uniola longifolia Scribn., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 21: 229. 1894. Georgia 
[type, De Kalb County, Small in 
1893], Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee. 


(32) VASEYOCHLOA Hitche. 


(1) Vaseyochloa multinervosa (Vasey) 
Hitche., Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour. 23: 452. 
1933. Based on Melica multinervosa 
Vasey. 

Melica multinervosa Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 16: 
235. 1891. Brazos Santiago, Tex., 
Nealley. 

Distichlis multinervosa Piper, Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 18: 147. 1905. Based on 
Melica multinervosa Vasey. 

Triodia multinervosa Hitche., Biol. Soc. 
Wash. Proc. 41: 159. 1928. Based 
on Melica multinervosa Vasey. 


VETIVERIA Bory 


Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash in Small, 
Fi. Southeast. U.S. 67. 1903. Based on 
Phalaris zizanioides L. 

Phalaris zizanioides L., Mant. Pl. 2: 


183. 1771. India. 
Andropogon muricatus Retz., Obs. Bot. 
3: 43 [31]. 1783. India. 


Agrostis verticillata Lam., Encycl. 1: 59. 
1783. Not Agrostis verticillata Vill., 
1779. India. 


Day) 


Anatherum muricatum Beauv., Ess. 
Agrost. 150. pl. 22. f. 10. 1812. Based 
on Andropogon muricatus Retz. 

Vetiveria odoratissima Bory in Lem., Bul. 
Soc. Philom. (Paris) 1822: 48. 1822. 
Ceylon, island of Bourbon. 

Vetiveria odorata Virey, Jour. de Pharm. 
I. 18: 501. 1827. East Indies. 

Vetiveria muricata Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. 
Ind. 560. 1864. Based on Andropogon 
muricatus Retz. 

Vetiveria arundinacea Griseb., Fl. Brit. 
Ne Ind. 559. 1864. Jamaica and Trini- 

ad. 

Sorghum zizanioides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 791. 1891. Based on Phalaris 
zizanioides L. 

Andropogon zizanioides Urban, Symb. 
Antill. 4: 79. 1908. Based on Phalaris 
zizanioides L. 

Holcus zizanioides Kuntze ex Stuck., An. 
Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 11: 48. 1904. 
Based on Phalaris zizanioides L. 

Anatherum zizanioides Hitche. and Chase, 
U. 8S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 18: 285. 
1917. Based on Phalaris zizanioides L. 


(104) WILLKOMMIA Hack. 


(1) Willkommia texana Hitchc., Bot. Gaz. 
35: 288. f. 1. 1903. Ennis, Tex., J. G. 
Smith in 1897. 

Craspedorhachis texana Pilger, Bot. Jahrb. 
74: 27. 1945. Based on Willkommia 
texana Hitche. 


(168) ZEA L. 


(1) Zea mays L., Sp. Pl 971. 1753. 
America. 

Zea americana Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 
Zea No. 1. 1768. West Indies. 

Zea vulgaris Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8. 
Zea No. 3. 1768. Northern parts of 
America. 

Mays zea Gaertn., Fruct. et Sem. 1: 
65 pl. le fy 9:5 1788; Based® on Zea 
mays L. 

Zea segetalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. 28. 
1796. Based on Zea mays L. 

Mays americana Baumg., Enum. Stirp. 
Transsilv. 3: 281. 1816. Based on 
Zea mays L. 

Zea mays var. precox Torr., in Eaton, 
Man. Bot. ed. 2. 500. 1818. Northern 
and Middle States. 

Mayzea cerealis Raf., Med. Fl. 2: 241. 
1830. Based on Zea mays L. 

Mayzea cerealis var. gigantea Raf., Med. 
Fl. 2: 241. 1830. Mexico. 

Zea hirta Bonaf., Hist. Nat. Mais 29. 
pl. 4, 39. pl. 4. 1836. Cultivated, seed 
from California. 

Zea mays pensylvanica Bonaf., Hist. Nat. 
Mais 33. pl. 7. f. 4. 1836. Cultivated. 

Zea mays virginica Bonaf., Hist. Nat. 
Mais 37. pl. 10. f. 15. 1836. Cultivated. 

Zea erythrolepis Bonaf., Hist. Nat. Mais 


980 


30. pl. 5; 38. pl. 11. f. 17. 1836. Culti- 
vated along Missouri River. 

Zea mais hirta Alefeld, Landw. Fl. 309. 
1866. Based on Zea hirta Bonaf. 

Zea saccharata Sturtev., N. Y. State Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Rpt. 18843, 156: — 1885. 
Group name for sweet corn. 

Zea canina 8S. Wats., Amer. Acad. Sci. 
Proc. 26: 160. 1891. Mexico. Hybrid 
with Huchlaena mexicana Schrad., fide 
G. N. Collins. 

Zea mays saccharata Bailey, Cycl. Hort. 4: 
2006. 1902. Based on Z. saccharata 
Sturtev. 

ZEA MAYS var. EVERTA (Sturtev.) Bailey, 
Cycl. Hort. 4: 2005. 1902. Based on 
Z. everta Sturtev. 

Zea everta Sturtev., N. Y. State Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Rpt. 18843: 183. 1885. Group 
name for popcorn. 

ZEA MAYS var. JAPONICA (Van Houtte) 
Wood, Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 409. 
1871. Presumably based on Z. japonica 
Van Houtte. 

Zea japonica Van Houtte, Fl. Serr. Jard. 
16: 121. 1865. Japan. 

ZEA MAYS Var. TUNICATA Larr. ex St. Hil., 
Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 16: 144. 1829. 
Uruguay. 

Zea cryptosperma Bonaf., Hist. Nat. Mais 
30, 40. pl. 5 bis. 1836. Based on Z. mais 
var. tunicata St. Hil. 

Zea tunicata Sturtev., Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 21: 335. 1894. Based on Z. 
mays var. tunicata St. Hil. 

Of the many names published for forms 
of Zea mays only those based on material 
from the United States are given above, and 
of these only such as apply to the better 
known races. See Sturtevant, N. Y. State 
Agr. Expt. Sta. Rpt., and the following: 
Montgomery, The Corn Crops, 15, 1913; 
Tapley, Enzie, and Van Eseltine, N. Y. 
State Agr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 1934: 9-13. 1984. 


(121) ZIZANIA L. 


(1) Zizania aquatica L., Sp. Pl. 991. 1753. 
Virginia. [Jamaica, also cited, is erron- 
eous. | 

Zizania clavulosa Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 
1: 75. 1803. North America, Michauz. 

Hydropyrum esculentum Link, Hort. 
Berol. 1: 252. 1827. North America. 

Stipa angulata L. ex Steud., Nom. Bot. 
ed. 2. 2: 642. 1841, as synonym of 
Hydropyrum esculentum Link. 

Zizania effusa Munro, Linn. Soe. Jour. 
Proc. 6: 52. 1862, as synonym of Z. 
aquatica L. 

Ceratochaete aquatica Lunell, Amer. Midl. 


Nat. 4: 214. 1915. Based on Zizania 
aquatica L. 
ZIZANIA AQUATICA var. ANGUSTIFOLIA 


Hitche., Rhodora 8: 210. 1906. Bel- 
grade, Maine, Scribner in 1895. 
Zizania palustris L., Mant. Pl. 295. 

1771. North America. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Melinum palustre Link, Handb. Gewichs. 
: 96. 1829. Based on Zizania palustris 


ZIZANIA AQUATICA var. INTERIOR Fassett, 
Rhodora 26: 158. 1924. Armstrong, 
Iowa, Pammel and Cratty 764. 

Zizania interior Rydb., Brittonia 1: 82. 
1931. Based on Z. aquatica var. interior 
Fassett. 

(2) Zizania texana Hitche., Wash. Acad. 
Sci. Jour. 23: 454. 1933. San Marcos, 
Tex., Srlveus. 


(122) ZIZANIOPSIS Doell and Aschers. 


(1) Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Doell and 
Aschers. in Doell in Mart., Fl. Bras. 
22: 13. 1871. Presumably based on 
Zizania miliacea Michx. 
Zizania miliacea Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 
74. 1803. North America, Michaucz. 


(94) ZOYSIA Willd. 


Zoysia japonica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
414. 1854. Japan. 

Zoysia pungens var. japonica Hack., Bul. 
Herb. Boiss. 7: 642. 1899. Based on 
Z. japonica Steud. 

Osterdamia japonica Hitche., U.S. Dept. 
Agr. Bul. 772: 166. 1920. Based on 
Zoysia japonica Steud. 

Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr., Philippine Jour. 
Sci. Bot. 7: 280. 1912. Based on 
Agrostis matrella L. 

Agrostis matrella L., Mant. Pl. 2: 185. 
1771. Malabar, India. 

Zoysia pungens Willd., Gesell. Naturf. 
Freund. Berlin Neue Schrift. 3: 441. 
1801. Malabar, India. 

Osterdamia matrella Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 781. 1891. Based on Agrostis 
matrella L. 

Osterdamia zoysia Honda, Bot. Mag. 
[Tokyo] 36: 113. 1922. Based on 
Zoysia pungens Willd. 

Zoysia tenuifelia Willd. ex Trin, Acad. St. 
Pétersb. Mém. VI. Sci. Nat. 21: 96. 
1836. Mascarene Islands. 

Osterdamia tenuifolia Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 
Pl. 2: 781. 1891. Based on Zoysia 
tenuifolia Willd. 

Zoysia pungens var. tenutfolia Dur. and 
Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afr. 5: 734. 1894. 
Based on Z. tenutfolia Willd. 

Osterdamia zoysia var. tenuifolia Honda, 
Bot. Mag. [Tokyo] 36: 113. 1922. 
Based on Zoysia tenutfolia Willd. 


UNIDENTIFIED NAMES 


The following names of grasses, applied to 
specimens collected in the United States, 
cannot be identified from the descriptions, 
and the types have not been located. Several 
of these names are not effectively published. 

Agrestis viridis Raf., Amer. Month. Mag. 
3: 356. 1818. Error for Agrostis. Name 
only. Allegheny Mountains or Ohio, 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Agropyron repens var. nemorale Anderss. 
ex Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 6: 203. 
1904. No basis given, but presumably based 
on Triticum repens var. nemorale Anderss., 
Scandinavia. Specimens so named in the 
Farwell Herbarium are Agropyron repens 
with awned lemmas. The name was mis- 
spelled “nemorak” in Bingham, Cranbrook 
Inst. Sci. Mich. Bul. 22:93. 1945. 

Agrostis affinis Schult., Mantissa 2: 195. 
1824. Based on Agrostis No. 17 in Muhlen- 
berg’s Descriptio Graminum p. 75. Sporo- 
bolus muhlenbergii Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 
68. 1829, and Vilfa muhlenbergii Steud., 
Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 162. 1854, are also 
~ based on this. (See Hitchcock, Bartonia 14: 


33. 1982.) 
Agrostis altissima var. laxa 'Tuckerm., 
Amer. Jour. Sci. 45: 44. 1843. White 


Mountains, N. H., Trichodium altissimum 
var. laxum Wood, Class-book ed. 2. 600. 
1847, presumably based on this. 

Agrostis cylindrica Muhl., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. 3: 160. 1793. Name only. 
Pennsylvania. 

Agrostis drummondi Torrey ex Hook., Fl. 
Antarct. 2: 372. 1847. “East side of the 
Rocky Mountains.” Incidental mention as a 
form of ‘A. ezarata B.”’ 

Agrostis michauxti Zuccagni, in Roemer, 
Col. Bot. 128. 1809. Seed received from 
Thouin, collected in Kentucky by Michaux. 
Not A. michauzii Trin., 1824? 

Agrostis pauciflora Pursh, Fl. Amer. 
Sept. 1: 68. 1814. Not A. pauciflora 
Schrad., 1806. ‘On high mountains in Vir- 
ginia and Carolina.” In the Kew Herbarium 
is a specimen of Muhlenbergia schrebert 
marked ‘‘N. Amer. Mr. Fred. Pursh, Herb. 
propr.”’ but with no name on the label. The 
description does not agree with this speci- 
men, though it suggests some species of 
Muhlenbergia. A. oligantha Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 372. 1817, Polypogon 
pauciflorus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 248. 
1825, and Muhlenbergia tenuiflora pauciflora 
Scribn., Torrey Bot. Club Mem. 5: 387. 
1894, are based on this. 

Agrostis viridis Raf., ex Jacks., Ind. Kew. 
i ep. 1893. Correction for Agrestis viridis 

af, 

Aira compressa Raf., Amer. Monthly 
Mag. 3: 356. 1818. [Allegheny Mountains] 
Name only. 

Aira navicularis Schreb. ex Muhl., Amer. 
Phil. Soc. Trans. 3: 161. 1793. Pennsyl- 
vania. Name only. 

Aira serotina Torr. ex Trin. in Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 1: 45. 1840. North 
America. Name only. 

Aira speciosa Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. 3: 161. 1793. Pennsylvania. Name 
only. 

Andropogon digitatus Muhl., Amer. Phil. 
Soc. Trans. 3: 181. 1793. Pennsylvania. 


Name only. 
Waters Ot: 


Andropogon _ sessiliflorus 


981 


Seringe Bul. 1: 221. 1830. United States. 

Name only, under section Dimeiostemon. 

In Index Kewensis (1: 760. 1893) the 

ae is listed as Dimeiostemon sessiliflorus 
af, 

Andropogon tener Muhl. ex Merr. and 
Hu, Bartonia 25: 42. 1949. Name only, error 
for Holcus tener Muhl. 

Apluda scirpoides Walt., Fl. Carol. 250. 
1788. South Carolina. Not a grass, apparent- 
ly a sedge. 

Arundo confinis Willd., Enum. Pl. 127. 
1809. North America. Calamagrostis confinis 
Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 15, 152. 1812. Deyeu- 
xia confinis Kunth, Rév. Gram. 1: 76. 
1829, and C. neglecta var. confinis Beal, 
Grasses N. Amer. 2: 353. 1896, are based 
on this. 

Arundo glauca Hornem., Hort. Hafn. 1: 
74, 1813. Not A. glauca Bieb., 1808. 
North America. 

Arundo pallens Muhl. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 144. 1840. Pennsylvania. 
Name only, in Schrader Herbarium. 

Briza virens Walt., Fl. Carol. 79. 1788. 
Not B. virens L., 1762. See Hitchcock, 
Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 16: 49. 1905. Poa 
virens Jacq., Eclog. Gram. 54. pl. 36. 1820, 
is based on this. The figure represents a 
species of Poa. 

Bromus poaeformis Beiler. Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 11. 1807. North America. 
A glabrous annual, possibly B. secalinus L. 

Bromus pubescens var. ciliatus Eaton and 
Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 161. 1848. 
Probably a form of B. purgans L., not based 
on B. ciliatus L. 

Bromus pubescens var. canadensis Eaton 
and Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 161. 
1848. Probably a form of B. purgans L. 
Ontario, the only Canadian locality cited. 

Calamagrostis pumilia Nutt. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1862: 334. 
1863. Not C. pumila Hook., 1851. Name 
only for a plant collected in the Rocky 
Mountains by Nuttall. 

Calotheca macrostachya Presl, Rel. Haenk. 
1: 268, 351. 1830. In Addenda et Corri- 
genda (p. 351) the original “in montanis 
Peruviae. ..’’ is changed to ‘‘ad Monte-Rey 
Californiae.”’ This locality, as in the case 
of several other species described by Presl, 
is erroneous. (See Hitchcock, U. 8S. Natl. 
Herb. Contrib. 24: 335. 1927.) 

Cenchrus carolinianus Walt., Fl. Carol. 79. 
1788. South Carolina. (See Chase, U. S. 
Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 76. 1920.) 

Cenchrus gracilis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 57, 
157. 1812. Name only for a specimen sent 
by Bosc, presumably from the Carolinas. 

Chloris longibarba Michx. ex Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 79, 158. 1812. Name only. 

Deyeuxia airoides Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 44, 
152, 160. 1812. “‘Arundo airoides Mich. 
ined.” is referred to Deyeuxia. Arundo 
airoides Lam. was described from a plant 
collected in North America by Michaux 


982 


and is probably the species Beauvois had 
in mind. Lamarck’s description suggests 
Trisetum melicoides (Michx.) Scribner, 
which was collected by Michaux and de- 
scribed by him as Aira melicoides. 

Deyeuxia halleriana Vasey, Grasses U. S. 
Descr. Cat. 50. 1885. Name only for a speci- 
men from Washington Territory. 

Digitaria setigera Roth in Roem. and 
Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 474. 1817. “India 
orientali, Heyne.” Link (Hort. Berol. 1: 225. 
1827.) uses this name for D. horizontalis 
Willd., giving ‘“‘Brasilia’”’ as locality. The 
name is used in the same sense by Grisebach 
(Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 544. 1864.) and by 
others. So far as known, S. horizontalis has 
not been found in India. 

Dilepyrum angustifolium Raf., Med. FI. 
2: 249. 1830. Name only, Dilepyrum is 
change of name for ‘‘Orizopsis Michx.”’ 

Eleusine ciliata Raf., Precis Decour. 
Somiol. 45. 1814. Name only. 

Eragrostis alba Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 279. 
1830. ‘‘Monte-Rey, California,’ Haenke. 
Locality erroneous, the plant probably col- 
lected in Peru. 

Eragrostis caroliniana Scribn., 
Bot. Club Bul. 5: 49. 
caroliniana Bieler. 

Eragrostis lugens var. major Vasey ex 
L. H. Dewey, U.S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 2: 
542. 1894. “Texas to Arizona and east- 
ward to Florida.” 

Eragrostis pilosa var. caroliniana Farwell, 
Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 17: 182. 1916. 
Based on Poa caroliniana Bieler. 

Festuca duriuscula var. pubiculmis Hack. 
ex Rohlena, Sitzb. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. Math. 
Naturw. Cl. 24: 4. 1899, descr. in Bohe- 
mian. ‘Roztok’” [Bohemia]. This name, 
published as a new combination by Far- 
well, Mich. Acad. Sci. Papers 26: 7. 1940, 
based on “Festuca ovina var. pubiculmis 
Hackel,” error for F. ovina var. pubiculmis 
(Hack.) Aschers. and Graebn., Syn. Mitte- 
leur. Fl. 2: 470. 1900. Specimens so named 
by Farwell in his herbarium in Cranbrook 
Institute are F’. rubra. 

Festuca glabra Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 353. 
1825. Not F. glabra Lightf., 1777. Long 
Island, N. Y. The descripton suggests 
Puccinellia distans (L.) Parl. 

Flexularia compressa Raf., Jour. Phys. 
Chym. 89: 105. 1819. Kentucky and 
Ohio. 

Holcus tener Schreb. ex Muhl., Amer. 
Phil. Soc. Trans. 3: 182. 1793. Name only. 
_ Koeleria airoides Nutt. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. 456. 1821. Name only. Referred 
doubtfully in Index Kewensis to Arundo 
atroides Lam. 

Leptopyrum tenellum Raf., Med. Repos. 
N ao: 5: 351. 1808. [United States.] Name 
only. 

Lolium canadense Michx. ex Brouss., 
Elench. Pl. Hort. Monsp. 35. 1805, name 
only; Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 893. 


Torrey 
1894. Based on Poa 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1817. Grown in Montpellier. The description 
rather suggests a tall plant of L. perenne L. 
Lolium temulentum var. canadense Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 406. 1871, 
based on this. 

Melica altissima Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 
1788. Not M. altissima L., 1753. (See Hitch- 
cock, Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 16: 47. 1905.) 

Muhlenbergia anemagrostoides ‘Trin. ex 
Steud., Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 164. 1841. 
America. Name only. 

Muhlenbergia sylvatica var. vulpina Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 86. 1871. 
New York, Lord. 

Paneion buckleyanum var. maius Lunell, 
Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 222. 1915. Change of 
name for “Poa tenuifolia var. mator 
(Vasey), but that name was never pub- 
lished, and no specimen so named by Vasey 
can be found. 

Panicum americanum L., Sp. Pl. 56. 
1753. America. This name and Pennisetum 
americanum Schum., based on it, have been 
used for P. glaucum (L.) R. Br. The original 
description is unidentifiable, probably based 
on a confusion of two or more species. 
(See Chase, U. S. Natl. Herb. Contrib. 22: 
218. 1921; Amer. Jour. Bot. 8: 43. 1921.) 

Panicum anomalum Walt., Fl. Carol. 72. 
1788. South Carolina. A species of Setaria. 
(See Hitchcock, Mo. Bot. Gard. Rpt. 16: 35. 
1905.) 

Panicum barbatum LeConte ex Torr., in 
Eaton, Man. Bot. ed. 2. 342. 1818. Not P. 
barbatum Lam., 1791. New York. The des- 
cription rather suggests P. barbulatwm 
Michx. 

Panicum cartilagineum Muhl., Descr. 
Gram. 128. 1817. Georgia. (See Hitchcock, 
Bartonia 14:41. 1932.) 

Panicum debile Torr. ex Steud., Nom. 
Bot. ed. -2...2:- 255, 262:, 1841. "Note 
debile Desf., 1798. As synonym of P. 
pubescens Lam. 

Panicum densum Muhl., Descr. Gram. 
122. 1817. No locality given. The descrip- 
tion suggests one of the Lanuginosa group. 

Panicum dichotomum var. curvatum Torr., 
Fl. North. and Mid. U. S. 145. 1824. No 
locality given. 

Panicum dichotomum var. gracile Torr., 
Fl. North. and Mid. U. S. 145. 1824. 
“Common in swamps, New York.” 

Panicum dichotomum var. pubescens Mun- 
ro, in Benth., Pl. Hartw. 341. 1857. 
Sacramento, Calif., Hartweg. Name only. 

Panicum dichotomum var. spathaceum 
Wood, Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 393. 
1871. No locality mentioned. 

Panicum discolor Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 4. 1807. Pennsylvania. A 
species of the subgenus Dichantheliwm. 

Panicum elliottii Spreng. ex Steud., 
Nom. Bot. ed. 2. 2: 256. 1841. Not P. 
elliottii Trin., 1829. As synonym of P. 
pubescens [Lam., p. 262]. 

Panicum fimbriatum Willd. ex Spreng., 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Syst. Veg. 1: 316. 1825, as synonym of 
P. viscidum Ell. [P. scoparitum Lam.] South 
Carolina. A specimen in the Willdenow 
Herbarium so named is P. albomaculatum 
Scribn., from Mexico, collected by Hum- 
boldt. 

Panicum flecuosum Raf., Precis. Découv. 
Somiol. 45. 1814; Jour. Bot. Desv. 4: 
273. 1814. Not P. flexwosum Retz., 1783. 
New Jersey. P. rafinesquianum Schult., 
Mantissa 2: 257. 1824, is based on this. 

Panicum gracilescens Desv. ex Poir., in 
Lam., Encycel. Sup. 4: 279. 1816. Carolina. 
Desvaux gives a later description (Opusc. 
95. 1831), which disagrees in some respects 
with that of Poiret. 

Panicum hirtellum Bartr., Travels 480. 
1791. Not P. hirtellum L., 1759. Banks of the 
Mississippi River in Louisiana. The de- 
scription suggests a species of Echinochloa. 

Panicum iowense Ashe, N. C. Agr. Expt. 
Sta. Bul. 175: 115. 1900. Iowa to Kansas. 
The description suggests P. huachucae or 
P. praecocius. (See Contrib. U. S. Natl. 
Herb. 15: 330. 1910.) 

Panicum muhlenbergianum Schult., Man- 
tissa 2: 230. 1824. Based on Panicum 
No. 27 of Muhlenberg’s Descriptio Gram- 
inum, the description of which is copied. 
Muhlenberg gives “Habitat in Georgia.”’ 

Panicum nitidum var. glabrum Torr., FI. 
North. and Mid. U. 8S. 146. 1824. No 
locality cited. The description suggests P. 
| commutatum Schult. 
| Panicum nitidum var. gracile Torr., FI. 

North. and Mid. U. 8. 146. 1824. Near 
New York. The description applies fairly 
well to the vernal phase of P. dichotomum L. 

Panicum nitidum var. majus Vasey, 
UES. Natl Herb. Contribs 3: 30: 1892. 
No locality cited. Vasey says, ‘“Here could 
be placed several variable forms.” 

Panicum pensylvanicum Spreng., Nachtr. 

Bot. Gart. Halle 30. 1801. Pennsylvania. 
| Panicum pilosum Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. 4: 236. 1799. Pennsylvania. Name 
only. 

Panicum pumilum Raf., Med. Repos. 
N. Y. 5: 358. 1808. Name only. 

Panicum speciosum Walt., Fl. Carol. 73. 
1788. South Carolina. The description faint- 
ly suggests Sporobolus junceus (Michx.) 
Kunth. 

Panicum uniflorum Raf., Amer. Monthly 
Mag. 2: 120. 1817. Flatbush, N. Y. Some 
species of subgenus Dichanthelium. 

Panicum vilfiforme Wood, Class-book ed. 
3.785. 1861. Kast Tennessee. Appears to be 
a species of the group Agrostoidia. 

Paspalum compressum Raf., Fl. Ludov. 
15. 1817. Louisiana prairies, Robin. 

Paspalum dasyphyllum var. floridanum 
Wood, Amer. Bot. and Flor: pt. 2: 390. 
1871. [Florida.] 

Paspalum geniculatum Raf., FJ. Ludov. 
15. 1817. Louisiana, Robin. 

Paspalum supinum Rich. ex Hornem., 


983 


Hort. Hafn. 1: 77. 1818. Not P. supinum 
Bosc, 1804. Baltimore, introduced in the 
Royal Botanic Garden in Copenhagen in 
1807. Probably P. pubescens Muhl. 

Paspalum virgatum var. latifolium Wood, 
Amer. Bot. and Flor. pt. 2: 390. 1871. 
Eastern States. Wood’s P. virgatum appears 
to be Paspalum boscianum Fligge; the 
variety may be a luxuriant form of this 
species. 

Pennisetum glaucum var. purpurascens 
Eaton and Wright, N. Amer. Bot. ed. 8. 346. 
1840. Virginia and northward. 

Poa alata Desv., Opusc. 102. 1831. 
“Carolina?” Locality erroneous, the type is 
Eragrostis maypurensis (H. B. K.) Steud., of 
the American tropics. 

Poa caesia var. strictior A. Gray, Man. 
ed. 5. 629. 1867. ‘Lake Superior, C. G. 
Loring, especially Isle Royale, Prof. Whit- 
ney.’ 

Poa capillaris L., misapplied by Link, 
Enum. Plot: -88.. 1821.°“P. carolinzana 
Spreng.” cited as synonym. 

Poa caroliniana Bieler, Pl. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 10. 1807. North Carolina 
Said to be similar to “P. cilianensis.’ 
[Hragrostis cilianensis (All.) Lutati.] 

Poa glauca var. strictior Jones, West. 
Bot. Contrib. 14: 14. 1912. Based on P. 
caesia var. strictior A. Gray. 

Poa multicaulis Raf. ex M’Murtrie, Sk. 
Louisv. 223. 1819. Kentucky. Name only. 

Poa nemoralis [L., misapphed by] Pursh, 
Fl. Amer. Sept. 1:79. 1814. North America. 


) 


Poa nutans Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. 
Trans. 3: 161. 1798. Pennsylvania. Name 
only. 

Poa repens Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. 


Trans. 3: 161. 
only. 

Poa rubra Muhl., Amer. Phil. Soc. Trans. 
4: 486. 1799. Pennsylvania. Name only. 

Poa subaristata (Scribn.)  orendensis 
Williams ex Pammel, Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc. 
20: 144. 1915. Name only for Pammel, 
Johnson, Lummis, Buchanan 940. Uintah 
Mountains, Utah. 

Poa tenuiflora Raf., Med. Repos. N. Y. 5: 
3538. 1808. [United States.] Name only. 

Saccharifera spontanea Stokes, Bot. Mat. 
Med. 1: 182. 1812. South Carolina. Prob- 
ably a species of Hrianthus. 

Sesleria americana Nees ex Steud. ‘Ins. 
Staatenland. Am. septr.’”’ The type, in the 
Lindley Herbarium in Cambridge, is 
labeled ‘‘Staten Island. ‘Chanticleer.’ Web- 
ster in 1829.”’ The specimen is one of the 
group related to Poa flabellata (Lam.) 
Rasp. found in the region of the Straits of 
Magellan, ‘Staten Island” obviously re- 
ferring to the island of that name to the 
east of Terra del Fuego. 

Stipa expansa Poir. in Lam., Encyel. 7: 
453. 1806. Carolina, Bosc. This has been 
taken for the basis of Muhlenbergia expansa 
Trin., but Poiret’s description does not 


1793. Pennsylvania. Name 


984 


apply to that, and both DeCandolle and 
Trinius question Poiret’s species. 

Stipa spicata Walt., Fl. Carol. 78. 1788. 
Not S. spicata L. f., 1781. South Carolina. 
Apparently a species of Andropogon. 

Stipa stricta Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 158. 
1791.; Encyel. 7: 453. 1806. South Caro- 
lina. Fraser. Said to have the aspect of 
Andropogon. Possibly Sorghastrum nutans 
(L.) Nash. 

Triodia repens Vasey, Torrey Bot. Club 
Bul. 15: 49. 1888. Name only for a speci- 
men collected by ‘“‘Nealley, Western Texas.” 

Triticum aegilopoides Thurb. ex A. Gray, 
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 1863: 79. 
1863. Name only. Rocky Mts., Hall and 
Harbour 656. 

Vilfa varians Buckl., Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phila. Proc. 1862: 89. 1863. Rocky Moun- 
tains, Nuttall. Apparently a species of 
Sporobolus. 


The following names, based on Old World 
types, have been applied to species of the 
United States. The types have not been 
examined. 

Echinochloa crusgalli forma  longiseta 
Farwell, Mich. Acad. Sci. Rpt. 21: 349. 
1920. Based on Panicum crusgalli var. 
longisetum Trin. This variety, from Astrak- 
han, U. S. 8. R., as represented in Trin., 
Gram. Icon. 2: pl. 162. 1828, is not known 
from America. Farwell probably had Pani- 
cum longisetum Torr., 1822, in mind. 

Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) Beauv., 
Ess. Agrost. 58, 161, 171. 1812, based on 
Panicum stagninum Retz., a species of the 
East Indies and the Pacific Islands has a 
coarsely hairy ligule, while the specimen dis- 
tributed by Gray Herbarium under this 
name (Fernald, Long, and Clement 15182, 
Princess Anne County, Va.) is entirely 
without ligule, as in EH. crusgalli and its 
allies. 

Lolium multiflorum submuticum Mutel, 
F]. Frang. 4: 139. 1839. France. 

Phleum pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds., 
F]. Ang. ed. 2. 26. 1778. Based on P. 
nodosum L. A specimen of P. pratense L. 
from Virginia (Fernald and Long 12935) 
with slightly curved base has been recorded 
under this name. It is not P. nodosum L. 
(upon which the variety is based), which is 
a much smaller plant, decumbent at base, 
with few to several swollen nodes and short 
internodes, the panicle shorter and more 
slender; not known from America. 

Phragmites communis forma repens G. F. 
W. Meyer, Chloris Hanov. 650. 1836. 
Germany. Applied to a Michigan specimen 
with long stolons. 

Poa annua var. aquatica Aschers., FI. 
Brand. 1: 844. 1864. Germany. Applied to 
a specimen from flooded place. 

Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn., Mitt. 
Thiring. Bot. Ver. 9: 7. 1891. Germany. 

Poa glauca subsp. conferta (Blytt) Lindm. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


in Holmb., Skand. F]. 2: 208. 1926. Based 
on P. conferta Blytt. Minnesota specimens 
distributed under this name are referred to 
P. glauca Vahl. 

Poa glauca subsp. conferta var. laxiuscula 
(Blytt) Lindm. in Holmb., Skand. Fl. 2: 
208. 1926. Based on P. aspera var. laxius- 
cula Blytt. Minnesota specimens so named 
are referred to P. glauca Vahl. 

Poa nemoralis var. montana Gaudin, 
Alpina 3: 27. 1808. Switzerland. Minne- 
sota specimens distributed under this name 
do not agree with Gaudin’s description, nor 
that of Ascherson and Graebner. They 
appear to be rather small specimens of 
Poa interior Rydb. 


PERSONS FOR WHOM GRASSES 
HAVE BEEN NAMED” 


This list includes names of persons for 
whom valid genera, species, or varieties of 
grasses in the Manual have been named. 

Addison. See Brown. 

Alexander, Annie M. (1867- ). Botan- 
ical and zoological collector, Oakland, Calif.; 
collections mainly from western North Am- 
erica and Hawaii. Ectosperma alexandrae. 

Anderson, Charles Lewis (1827-1910). 
Practicing physician of Carson City, Nev., 
and Santa Cruz, Calif.; correspondent of 
Asa Gray. Stipa lepida var. andersoni. 

Arséne, Hermano Gerfroy (1867-1938). 
Professor in Sacred Heart Training College, 
Las Vegas, N. Mex.; collected extensively in 
Mexico. Muhlenbergia arsenet. 

Ashe, William Willard (1872-1932). Bot- 
anist and forester, U. S. Forest Service. 
Panicum ashei. 

Baker, Charles Fuller (1872-1927). Bot- 
anist and entomologist, teacher and ad- 
ministrator, who collected in Colorado, 
California, Cuba, and the Philippine Islands. 
Agropyron bakeri; Agrostis bakert. 

Baker, Charles Henry (1848- ). Horti- 
culturist, collector of fruits and _ seeds, 
resident of Oakland, Allegheny County, 
Pa., and Orange County, Fla. Spartina 
bakert. 

Barrelieri, Jacques (1606-73). French 
medical botanist, author of a work on the 
plants of France, Spain, and Italy. Hra- 
grostis barreliert. 

Beckmann, Johann (1739-1811). German 
botanist, author of a botanical lexicon. 
Beckmannia. 

Bélanger, Charles Paulus (1805-81). 
French botanist, who collected extensively 
in the Old World. When Steudel described 
Anthephora belangeri (Hilaria belangeri) the 
specific name belangeri was used, apparently 
through inadvertence, instead of one for 
Jean Louis Berlandier (1805-51), who col- 
lected the type specimen in Mexico. Bélanger 
botanized in Martinique, but apparently 
never in Mexico. 


24 Revised by Joseph A. Ewan, Tulane University. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Berg, Federico Guillermo Carlos (1843- 
1902). Director, Museo Nacional de Buenos 
Aires. Panicum bergit. 

Bertero, Carlo Giuseppe (1789-1831). 
Italian botanical explorer, resident in Chile 
1827-30, lost at sea on his return from 
Tahiti. Tragus berteronianus. 

Beyrich, Heinrich Karl (1796-1834). 
Prussian botanical explorer, visited Brazil 
1822-23 and subsequently Virginia, the 
Carolinas, and Georgia; died at Fort Gibson 
when exploring Arkansas Territory. Era- 
grostis beyrichit. 

Bicknell, Eugene Pintard (1859-1925). 
New York banker, amateur botanist, and 
collector of local flora. Panicum bicknellit. 

Bigelow, John Milton (1804-78). Surgeon- 
botanist, with Mexican Boundary Survey 
and Lieutenant Whipple’s railroad survey 
along 35th parallel. Blepharidachne bige- 
lovit; Pea bigelovit. 

Blasdale, Walter Charles (1871- yi 
Professor of chemistry at University of 
California and amateur botanist. Agrostis 
blasdalez. 

Blodgett, John Loomis (1809-53). Physi- 
cian and druggist of Key West, first im- 
portant botanical collector among the lower 
Florida Keys. Paspalum blodgettiv. 

Bloomer, Hiram G. (1821-74). Pioneer 
botanist of California, active member of the 
California Academy of Sciences. Oryzopsis 
bloomert. 

Bolander, Henry Nicholas (1831-97). 
California botanist, teacher, collaborator in 
State Geological Survey, and special student 
of eryptogams. Calamagrostis bolanderi; 
Poa bolanderi; Scribneria bolandert. 

Bosc, Louis Augustin Guillaume (1759- 
1828). French botanist, who visited the 
Carolinas 1798-1800, author of a treatise on 
oaks. Panicum boscii; Paspalum boscianum. 

Boutelou, Claudio (1774-1842) and his 
brother Estéban (1776-1813). Lagasca 
named the genus Bouteloua for them; 
Claudio was professor of agriculture in 
Madrid. 

Brewer, William Henry (1828-1910). 
California botanist, onetime professor at 
Yale University, whose narrative journal 
was published under the title ‘Up and 
Down California.”’ Calamagrostis brewert. 

Brown, Addison (1830-1913). New York 
judge, amateur botanist, patron of New 
York Botanical Garden. Panicum addisonit. 

Buckley, Samuel Botsford (1809-83). 
Southern naturalist and collector, twice 
State Geologist of Texas, described grasses 
from Texas and Oregon. Sporobolus buck- 
leyi; Tridens buckleyanus. 

Cabanis, Jean (1816-1906). German orni- 
thologist, who collected plants in Florida. 
Andropogon cabanisii. 

Cain, Stanley Adair (1902- ). Plant 
geographer and botanist of Indiana and 
Tennessee. Calamagrostis cainit. 

Canby, William Marriott (1831-1904). 


985 


Wilmington, Del., merchant and banker, 
amateur botanist. Poa canby7. 

Chaix, Abbé Dominique (1731-1800). 
French botanist, collaborator with Domi- 
nique Villars on treatise on French plants. 
Poa chaizii. 

Chapman, Alvan Wentworth (1809-99). 
Botanist of Apalachicola, Fla., and author 
of Flora of the Southern United States. 
Gymnopogon chapmanianus; Panicum chap- 
mani; Poa chapmaniana; Tridens chapmani. 

Clute, Willard Nelson (1869- ). Pro- 
fessor of botany, Butler University, Ind., 
and student of vascular cryptogams. Pani- 
cum clutet. 

Combs, Robert (1872-99). Botanical col- 
lector in Florida and Cuba. Panicum 
combsit. 

Commons, Albert (1829-1919). Amateur 
botanist of Delaware, collector of local 
flora. Panicum commonsianum. 

Cooke, William Bridge (1908- ) 
California botanist, devoted to the flora of 
the Mount Shasta region. Glyceria cookei 
(G. declinata.) 

Cotta, Heinrich (1763-1844). 
plant physiologist. Cottea. 

Curtiss, Allen Hiram (1845-1907). Bo- 
tanical collector of Jacksonville, Fla. 
Aristida curtissii; Calamovilfa  curtissit; 
Sporobolus curtissit. 

Cusick, William Conklin (1842-1922). 
Oregon botanist, who explored the Wallowa 
Mountains and eastern Oregon. Poa cu- 
sickit. * 

Danthione, Etienne (fl. 1800-15). French 
botanist, author of an unpublished account 
of grasses of Marseille region. Danthonia. 

Davy, Joseph Burtt (1870-1940). English 
botanist, professor at Oxford University, 
onetime resident of California and author of 
a grass flora of central California. Pleuro- 
pogon davyt. 

Deam, Charles Clemon (1865- Ne 
Veteran Indiana botanist, forester, author of 
a Flora of Indiana and Grasses of Indiana. 
Panicum deamii. 

Deschamps, L. A. (1766- ). Surgeon- 
naturalist on Recherche sent out by French 
Government under D’Entrecasteaux in 
1791 in search of La Pérouse. Deschampsia. 

Desmaziéres, Jean Baptiste Henri Joseph 
(1796-1862). French botanist, author of a 
work on grasses of northern France. Des- 
mazeria. 

Deyeux, Nicholas (1753-1837). French 
botanist. Deyeuxia. 

Douglas, David (1799-1834). British 
botanical explorer, who visited the Pacific 
Northwest, California, and the Hawaiian 
Islands. Pea douglasi. 

Drummond, Thomas (1780-1835). Scotch 
nurseryman and botanical explorer, curator 
of Belfast Botanic Garden, member of 
Second Franklin Expedition, who collected 
in the Canadian Rockies and in Texas. 
Sorghum vulgare var. drummondit. 


German 


986 

Dumont-d’Urville, Jules Sebastien Cesar 
(1790-1842). French explorer, commander of 
the expeditions of the Astrolabe and the 
Zélée around the world. Panicum urvillean- 
um; Paspalum urvillei. 

Eastwood, Alice (1859- ). California 
botanist, longtime curator of botany at 
California Academy of Sciences. Festuca 
eastwoodae. 

Ehrhart, Friedrich (1742-95). Swiss-born 
assistant to an apothecary in Germany, 
pupil of Linnaeus; especially interested in 
grasses, rushes, and ferns. Hhrharta. 

Elliott, Stephen (1771-1830). Pioneer 
South Carolina botanist and _ legislator. 
Agrostis elliottiana; Andropogon  elliottii; 
Sorghastrum elliottiz. 

Elmer, Adolph Daniel Edward (1870- 
1942). Botanist and collector, first in Cali- 
fornia, then in Washington State,-and a 
longtime resident of the Philippine Islands, 
author of an enumeration of Philippine 
flora. Agropyron elmeri; Festuca elmeri; 
Stipa elmert. 

Emersley, J. D. Botanical collector in the 
oer States. Muhlenbergia emers- 
eyt. 

Faber, Ernest (1839-99). Missionary, bo- 
tanical collector, and student of Chinese 
botany. Setaria faberit. 

Fendler, August (1813-83). German- 
American botanical explorer of New Mexico, 
Venezuela, Panama, and Trinidad. Aristida 
fendleriana; Poa fendleriana. 

Fernald, Merritt Lyndon (1873- ). 
Professor of botany, Harvard University, 
and longtime Director of Gray Herbarium. 
Glyceria fernaldii; Poa fernaldiana; Cala- 
magrostis fernaldiz. 

Frank, Joseph C. (1782-1835). German 
botanical collector, who visited Ohio and 
New Orleans. Eragrostis frankit. 

Gattinger, Augustin (1825-1903). Pioneer 
botanist of Tennessee and author of a flora 
of that State. Panicum gattingert. 

Gay, Jacques Etienne (1786-1864). 
French botanist, cnetime Secretary of 
Chamber of Peers, who visited Africa for 
plants. Chloris gayana. 

Geyer, Carl Andreas (1809-53). Botanical 
explorer, born in Dresden, Germany, who 
collected first in Illinois, later in the Mis- 
souri River country and in Oregon Territory. 
Melica geyeri. 

Ghiesbreght, August (1810-93). Belgian 
botanical collector, who repeatedly visited 
Mexico for short to long residences. Panicum 
ghiesbreghtit. 

Gouin, (fl. 1860-70). French 
physician, chief of military hospital at 
Vera Cruz, member of French Scientific 
Commission to Mexico, 1865-66. Panicum 
gouint. 

Gray, Asa (1818-88). Distinguished pro- 
fessor of botany, Harvard University, and 
best known American botanist of nineteenth 
century. Festuca grayt. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Greene, Edward Lee (1843-1915). First — 
professor of botany, University of Cali-— 
fornia, botanical explorer in New Mexico, } 
Colorado, and California, botanical editor 
and critic. Orcuttia greenei. i 

Griffiths, David (1867-1935). Botanist, — 
U. S. Department of Agriculture, devoted — 
to xerophytic flora of Southwest. Agro- 
pyron griffithsii. } 

Grisebach, August Heinrich Rudolf (1814- _ 
79). German botanist, author of Flora of the — 
British West Indian Islands. Setaria grise- 
bachit. 

Gussone, Giovanni (1787-1866). Italian — 
botanist, professor of botany in Naples. 
Bromus rigidus var. gussonit. 

Hackel, Eduard (1850-1926). Eminent — 
Austrian agrostologist. Hackelochloa. 

Hall, Elihu (1822-82). Illinois botanical 
collecter, who visited Texas, Colorado, and 
Oregon. Agrostis hallii; Andropogon hallii; 
Panicum hallit. ' a 

Hall, Harvey Monroe (1874-1932). Pro- 
fessor of botany, University of California, 
specialist in taxonomy of Compositae and — 
pioneer in use of transplant method. — 
Bromus orcuttianus var. hallit. 

Hansen, George (1863-1908). Resident — 
botanical collector of Amador County, — 
California. Sitanion hansent. 

Harford, William George Washington 
(1825-1911). Pioneer California concholog- 
ist, colleague of Bolander and Kellogg in the 
early California Academy of Sciences. 
Melica harfordit. 

Hartweg, Carl Theodor (1812-71). Ger- — 
man botanical explorer, sent by Horticul- 
tural Society of London to Mexico, Cali- 
fornia, and Andes to collect plants and seeds. _ 
Paspalum hartwegianum. 

Havard, Valery (1846-1927). Major sur- 
geon, U. S. Army, born in France, who col- 
lected in Texas. Panicum havardit. 

Heller, Amos Arthur (1867-1944). Bota- 
nist, founder and editor of journal Muhlen- 
bergia, who collected in the western United 
States, also Hawaiian Islands, and Puerto 
Rico. Panicum helleri. 

Henderson, Louis Fourniquet (1853-1942). 
Pioneer botanist of Pacific Northwest, 
longtime curator, University of Oregon 
Herbarium, Eugene. Agrostis hendersonii; 
Oryzopsis hendersoni. 

Hilaire. See St. Hilaire. 

Hillman, Frederick Hebard (1863-_ ). 
Botanist, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
engaged upon seed morphology. Panicum 
hillmant. 

Hitchcock, Albert Spear (1865-1935). 
Eminent American agrostologist and widely 
traveled plant explorer. T’richachne hitch- 
cockit. 

Hooker, William Jackson (1785-1865). 
Distinguished British botanist, Director, 
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, editor and 
author of many botanical works. Helicto- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


trichon hookeri; Imperata hookeri; Sporo- 
bolus asper var. hookeri. 

Hoover, Robert Francis (1913-  ). Cali- 
fornia botanist, devoted to flora of the 
Great Valley. Pleuropogon hooverianus; 

_ Agrostis hoovert. 

Howell, Thomas Jefferson (1842-1912). 
Oregon botanist, author of Flora of North- 
west America. Agrostis howellii; Alopecurus 
howellii; Calamagrostis howellii; Festuca 
howellii; Poa howellit. 

Imperato, Ferrante (1550-1625). Apothe- 
cary in Naples, author of a rare folio work 
on natural history. /mperata. 

James, Edwin (1797-1861). Surgeon- 
botanist with Stephen H. Long’s expedition 
to the Rocky Mountains, and first white 
man to ascend a 14,000-foot peak in the 
United States (Pikes Peak). Hilaria jamesit. 

Jepson, Willis Linn (1867-1946). Long- 
time professor of botany, University of 
California, author of a Flora of California. 
Elymus glaucus var. jepsont. 

Jones, Marcus Eugene (1852-1934). One- 
time teacher, mining engineer, and botanist, 
who collected widely in the western United 
States and Mexico. Muhlenbergia jonesit. 

Joor, Joseph Finley (1849-92). Native of 

Louisiana, onetime physician of New Or- 
leans and at least three small towns in Texas, 
professor of botany, Tulane University, 
1886-92. Panicum joort. 
_ Kalm, Pehr (Peter) (1715-79). Swedish 
botanist and correspondent of Linnaeus, who 
collected in southeastern Canada and the 
northeastern United States. Bromus kalmit. 
- Kellogg, Albert (1813-87). Physician, 
pioneer botanist of California, one of the 
founders of California Academy of Sciences. 
Poa kelloggit. 

Kennedy, Patrick Beveridge (1874-1930). 
Agronomist, University of California, Berke- 
ley. Agrostis kennedyana. 

King, Clarence (1842-1901). Mountain- 
eer, geologist, explorer, in charge of survey 
of fortieth parallel across the Great Basin. 
Blepharidachne kingit; Hesperochioa kingit; 
Oryzopsis kingit. 

Koeler, George Ludwig (1765-1807). 
German botanist, professor in Mainz, 
author of a work on grasses of France and 
Germany. Koeleria. 

Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Antoine Pierre 
Monnet de (1744-1829). Eminent French 
naturalist, author of works on botany, 
heredity, and conchology. Lamarckia. 

Lange, Johan Martin Christian (1818- 
98). Danish botanist, professor of botany in 
Copenhagen. Paspalum langet. 

Leers, Johann Daniel (1727-74). German 
apothecary, author of a work on local flora. 
Leersia. 

Leiberg, John Bernhard (1853-1913). 
American forest surveyor, who collected 
plants in Idaho and the Pacific States. 
Panicum leibergii; Poa leibergit. 

Lemmon, John Gill (1832-1908). Botanist 


987 


of California, onetime State Forester, corre- 

spondent of Asa Gray, and botanical ex- 
lorer. Eriochloa lemmoni; Phalaris lemmoni; 
uccinellia lemmoni; Stipa lemmoni. 

Leprieur, F. R. ( -1869). French 
botanical explorer, who traveled in Senegal 
and French Guiana, 1830-36. Chloris 
prieuri. 

Letterman, George Washington (1841- 
1913). Teacher in public schools of Allenton, 
Mo., botanical collector chiefly in Missouri 
and the Southern States. Poa lettermani; 
Stipa lettermant. 

Liebmann, Frederik Michael (1813-56). 
Danish botanist, who collected in Mexico. 
Setaria liebmanni. 

Lindheimer, Ferdinand Jakob (1801- 
79). German-born resident, botanical col- 
lector and newspaper editor of New Brun- 
fels, Tex., who sent plants to Asa Gray 
1843-52. Muhlenbergia lindheimeri; Panicum 
landheimert. 

Macoun, James Melville (1862-1920). 
Canadian botanist, son of John Macoun. 
Calamagrostis canadensis var. macouniana. 

Macoun, John (1832-1920). Canadian 
botanist. Hlymus macounit. 

Marsh, Ernest George, Jr. (1915- de 
Wildlife technician of Austin, Tex., who 
traveled in northern Texas on Farmer 
Fellowship during 1936-38. Muhlenbergia 


marshit. 
Metcalfe, Orrick Baylor (1879-1936). 


’ Plant ecologist who botanized in New 


Mexico between 1902-04. 
metcalfer. 

Michaux, André (1746-1802). French 
botanist, who explored eastern United 
States, author of Flora Boreali-Americana. 
Eriochloa michauz1t. 

Mohr, Charles Theodore (1824-1901). 
German-born botanist, who traveled widely, 
for more than 40 years pharmacist of Mo- 
bile, Ala., and author of Plant Life’ of 
Alabama. Andropogon mohrii; Aristida 
mohrit. 

Molina, Juan Ignazio (later Giovanni 
Ignazio) (1740-1829). Chilean Jesuit mis- 
sionary and botanist, author of first compre- 


Muhlenbergia 


hensive summary of Chilean plants. 
Molinia. 
Morton, Julius Sterling (1832-1902). 


Agriculturalist and historian, onetime Ne- 
braska magazine editor, Secretary of Agri- 
culture 1893-97. Helictotrichon mortonianum. 

Muhlenberg, Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst 
(1753-1815). Pennsylvania born, pastor of 
a Lutheran church at Lancaster, pioneer 


botanist, author of Descriptio Uberior 
Graminum. Muhlenbergia; Amphicarpum 
muhlenbergianum. 


Munro, William (1818-80). British bota- 
nist, who wrote on grasses. Munroa. 

Nealley, Greenleaf Cilley (1846-96). 
Botanical collector, went to Texas in 1882, 
later commissioned by U. 8. Department of 
Agriculture to explore southwestern Texas 


988 


for grasses and forage plants. Leptochloa 
nealleyi; Sporobolus nealleyi; Tridens neal- 
ley. 

Nees von Esenbeck, Christian Gottfried 
Daniel (1776-1858). Eminent German bota- 
nist, professor of botany in Breslau, author 
of Agrostologia Brasiliensis. Stipa neesiana. 

Nelson, Aven (1859-— ). Longtime pro- 
fessor of botany, University of Wyoming, 
author of a manual of Rocky Mountain 
plants. Stipa columbiana var. nelsoni. 

Nuttall, Thomas (1786-1859). English- 
American naturalist, onetime professor of 
botany, Harvard University (‘‘Old Curious” 
of Dana’s Two Years Before the Mast), 
collector and author. Puccinellia nuttalliana 
(P. atroides). 

Orcutt, Charles Russell (1864-1929). 
Resident botanist of San Diego, Calif., 
who explored northern Baja California. 
Orcuttia; Aristida orcuttiana; Bromus orcut- 
tianus; Eragrostis orcuttiana. 

Otis, Ira Clinton (1861-1938). Botanical 
collector of the State of Washington. 
Glyceria otisit. 

Palmer, Edward (1831-1911). Naturalist- 
explorer, ethnobotanist, and collector in 
Paraguay, Mexico, and the southwestern 
United States, first naturalist to visit 
Guadalupe Island. Agropyron smathii var. 
palmeri; Eragrostis palmert. 

Parish, Samuel Bonsall (1838-1928). 
Resident botanist of San Bernardino, Calif., 
collector of local flora. Agropyron parishii; 

Aristida parishii; Puccinellia parishit. 

Parry, Charles Christopher (1823-90). 
British-American “veteran botanist and 
tireless explorer,” first with the Mexican 
Boundary Survey, later in Colorado, Utah, 
California, and Mexico. Bouteloua -parryt; 
Danthonia parryi. 

Patterson, Harry Norton (1853-1919). 
Illinois printer, resident botanist of Oquaw- 
ka, who collected in Colorado. Poa patter- 
sont. 

Phipps, Constantine John (1744-92). 
Second baron of Mulgrave, British naval 
commander, explorer, politician, leader of 
an unsuccessful Arctic expedition to discover 
a northern passage to India. Phzppsia. 

Pickering, Charles (1805-78). Botanist, 
ethnologist, historian, who accompanied 
the U.S. Exploring Expedition under Wilkes. 
Calamagrostis pickeringit. 

Poiret, Jean Louis Marie (1755-1834). 
French botanist, who completed Lamarck’s 
Encyclopédie Méthodique.  Botanique. 
Sporobolus poiretii; Setaria poiretiana. 

Porter, Thomas Conrad (1822-1901), 
Classicist, poet, professor of botany, Lafay- 
ette College, Pa., author of first Synopsis of 
Flora of Colorado. Calamagrostis portert; 
Melica porteri; Muhlenbergia porteri; Stipa 
porteri. 

Prieur. See Leprieur. 

Pringle, Cyrus Guernsey (1838-1911). 
Vermont botanist, pioneer plant breeder, 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT: OF AGRICULTURE 


“prince of botanical collectors,’’ who col- 
lected in Arizona and California and re- 
peatedly visited Mexico through 26 years 
for plants. Agropyron pringlei; Agrostis 


hallit_ var. pringlei; Poa pringlei; Stipa 
pringlet. 
Puccinelli, Benedetto (1808-50). Italian 


botanist, professor in Lyceum at Lucca. 
Puccinellia. 

Pumpelly, Raphael (1837-1923). 
gist, U. 8S. Geological Survey. 
pumpellianus. 

Pursh, Frederick (1774-1820). German- 
American botanist, collected in Middle 
Atlantic States, author of Flora Americae 
Septentrionalis, which first included dis- 
coveries of Lewis and Clark in the Pacific 
Northwest. Amphicarpum purshii. 

Ravenel, Henry William (1814-87). Na- 
tive of South Carolina, planter, agricultural 
editor, onetime botanist, South Carolina 
Department of Agriculture, who first issued 
published series of named specimens of 
American fungi. Panicum ravenelit. 

Redfield, John Howard (1815-95). Phila- 
delphia business man, long associated with 
Academy of Natural Sciences, amateur 
botanist. Redfieldia. 

Reimarus, J. A. H. (1729-1814). German 
botanist, professor of Natural History and 
Physics at Hamburg. Reimarochloa. 

Reverchon, Julien (1837-1905). Resident 
of Dallas, Tex., who came from Lyons, 
France, in 1856 and collected plants in 
Texas. Muhlenbergia reverchoni; Panicum 
reverchoni. 

Reynaud, J. J. (1773-1842). Surgeon on 
French exploring vessel Chevrette, who col- 
lected plants in the Orient. Neyraudia, an 
anagram of Reynaudia, a genus of West 
Indian grasses; Neyraudia reynaudiana. 

Richardson, Sir John (1787-1865). English 
naturalist, author of Fauna Boreali-Ameri- 
cana, Arctic explorer, surgeon to three expe- 
ditions to the Arctic, the last in search of 
Sir John Franklin. Stipa richardsoni; 
Muhlenbergia richardsonis. 

Roemer, Karl Ferdinand (von) (1818-91). 
German geologist, who collected plants in 
Texas, 1845-47. Aristida roemeriana. 

Ross, Edith A. (fl. 1885-95). Amateur 
botanical collector of Davenport, Iowa, who 
visited Yellowstone Park in 1890. Agrostis 
rossae. 

Rothrock, Joseph Trimble (1839-1922). 
Professor of botany, University of Pennsyl- 
vania, earlier surgeon-botanist to Wheeler’s 
exploring expedition west of 100th meridian. 
Bouteloua rothrockit. 

Rottboell, Christem Friss (1727-97). 
Danish botanist, professor of botany in 
Copenhagen. Rottboellia. 

Roxburgh, William (1751— 1815). Scotch 
botanist, w ho collected in India, Director of 
the botanical garden, Calcutta. Sorghum 
vulgare var. roxburghii. 

Runyon, Robert (1881- 


Geolo- 
Bromus 


). Photographer 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


and amateur botanist, Brownsville, Tex. 
Digitaria runyont. 

St. Hilaire, Auguste de (1779-1853). 
French botanist who traveled in Brazil and 
| Paraguay for 6 years, 1816-22. Hilaria. 

Saunders, William (1822-1900). Scotch- 
born horticulturist, first botanist and 
Superintendent of Horticulture, U. 5S. 
Department of Agriculture, instrumental in 
introduction of Bahia orange into California. 
Agropyron saundersit. 
| Scheele, Adolf (1808-64). German botan- 
| ist, who described grasses from Texas. 
| Setaria scheelet. 

Schreber, Johann Christian Daniel (von) 
(1739-1810). German botanist, professor in 
| Erlangen, who wrote on grasses. Muhlen- 
| bergia schrebert. 

Seribner, Frank Lamson (1851-1938). 
Agrostologist, U. 8. Department of Agricul- 
/ ture. Scribneria; Agropyron scribnert; Cala- 
| magrostis scribnert; Panicum scribnerianum; 
Stipa scribnert. 
Sello (or Sellow), Friedrich (1789-1831). 
German botanist, who went to Brazil in 1814 
and collected from Bahia on the north to 
Uruguay on the south. Cortaderia selloana. 

Siegling, — (fl. ca. 1800). Professor of 
botany at Erfurt, Germany, associate of 
Johann Jakob Bernhardi. Sieglingia. 

Silveus, William Arents (1875—_ ). Agros- 
tologist of San Antonio, Tex.; author of 
works on Texas grasses. Hragrostis silveana; 
Sporobolus silveanus. 

Simpson, Joseph Herman (1841-1918). 
Resident naturalist of Florida. Digitaria 
simpsont; Eriochloa machauxti var. simpson. 

Smith, Charles Eastwick (1820-1900). 
Engineer, onetime railroad president, ama- 
teur botanist. Melica smithit. 

Smith, Jared Gage (1866- ). Onetime 
botanist, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
later resident of Hawaii. Agropyron smithit. 

Stapf, Otto (1857-1933). Botanist, Royal 
Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. Neostapfia. 

Stillman, Jacob Davis Babcock (1819-88). 
Practicing physician of California, onetime 
coeditor of California Medical Gazette, 
amateur botanist. Stipa stillmanit. 

Suksdorf, Wilhelm Nikolaus (1850-1932). 
Born in Dransau, Holstein, longtime resident 
of Bingen, Wash., pioneer collector in 
Klickitat County region. Bromus suksdorfit. 

Swallen, Jason Richard (1903- ye 
Agrostologist, U. 8S. Department of Agricul- 
ture; Curator, Division of Grasses, U. S. 
National Museum. Eragrostis swalleni; 
Hilaria swalleni. 

Tharp, Benjamin Carroll (1885- yi 
Professor of botany, University of Texas. 
Sporobolus tharpit. 

Thurber, George (1821-90). New York 
botanist, agricultural editor, who wrote on 
grasses of California. Agrostis thurberiana; 
Festuca thurberi; Muhlenbergia thurberi; 
Stipa thurberiana. 

Thurow, Friedrich Wilhelm (1852-1930). 


989 


German amateur botanist who came to 
Texas in 1876 and collaborated with Vasey 
in his study of Texas grasses. Panicum 
thurow2t. 

Torrey, John (1796-1873). American 
botanist of distinction and physician of New 
York City. Melica torreyana; Muhlenbergia 
torreyana; Muhlenbergia torreyi. 

Tracy, Joseph Prince (1879- ). Busi- 
ness accountant of Eureka, Calif., amateur 
botanist and collector. Festuca tracyt. 

Tracy, Samuel Mills (1847-1920). Agron- 
omist and botanical collector of Biloxi, 
Miss., who collected in the Southern and 
Western States. Andropogon tracyi; Era- 
grostis tracyi; Poa tracyt. 

Trinius, Karl Bernhard (1778-1844). 
Agrostologist of St. Petersburg, Russia, 
author of important works on_ grasses. 
Bromus trinit. 

Tuckerman, Edward (1817-86). American 
lichenologist, professor of botany, Amherst 
College. Panicum tuckermani. 

Tweedy, Frank (1854-1937). Topographic 
engineer, U. 8. Geological Survey, who col- 
lected in Yellowstone Park and the Pacific 
Northwest. Bromus pumpellianus var. 
tweedyi; Calamagrostis tweedyi. 

Urville. See Dumont-d’ Urville. 

Vasey, George (1822-93). Eminent Ameri- 
can agrostologist; botanist, U. S. Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. Vaseyochloa; Poa 
vaseyochloa. 

Walter, Thomas (1740-89). South Caro- 
lina planter, pioneer botanist, author of 
Flora Caroliniana. Echinochloa walteri. 

Webber, David Gould (1809-_ ). Physi- 
cian, miner, miller, who went to Callfornia 
in 1849, onetime owner of Webber Lake, and 
friend of J. G. Lemmon. Oryzopsis webberi. 

Webber, Herbert John (1865-1946). Bot- 
anist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, who 
early collected in Nebraska and Florida, was 
later devoted to citrus studies. Panicwm 
webberianum. 

Werner, William C. (1851-1935). Ohio 
florist and botanical collector. Panicum 
wernert. 

Wilcox, Timothy Erastus (1840-1932). 
Surgeon, U. S. Army, “born naturalist,”’ 
who collected in the Western States. 
Panicum wilcoxianum. 

Williams, Thomas Albert (1865-1900). 
Agrostologist, U. 8. Department of Agri- 
culture. Stipa williamsii. 

Willkomm, Heinrich Moritz (1821-95). 
German botanist, professor of botany and 
Director of gardens in Dorpat. Willkommia. 

Wolf, John (1820-97). Botanist of Canton, 
Ill., who collected in Illinois and Colorado. 
Poa wolfii; Trisetum wolfii. 

Wright, Charles (1811-85). Botanical 
explorer in Texas and New Mexico, with 
Mexican Boundary Survey, and later with 
North Pacific Ringgold Expedition, also 
visited Cuba and Santo Domingo. Andro- 
pogon wrightii; Aristida wrightii; Muhlen- 


990 


bergia wrightit; 
Sporobolus wrightit. 

Zois, Karl von (1756-1800). 
botanist. Zoysia. 


GLOSSARY 


Abortive. Imperfectly developed. 

Acuminate. Gradually tapering to a sharp 
point. Compare acute. 

Acute. Sharp-pointed, but less tapering than 
acuminate. 

Aggregate. Collected together in tufts, 
groups, or bunches. Applied especially to 
inflorescences. The racemes are aggregate 
in several species of Andropogon. 

Annual. Within 1 year. Applied to grasses 
which do not live more than 1 year. 
Winter annual. A plant which germinates 
in the fall, lives over winter, and produces 
its seed the following spring, after which 
it dies. 

Anthesis. The period during which a flower 
is open. In grasses, when the lemma and 
palea are expanded and the anthers and 
stigmas are mature. 

Antrorse. Directed upwards or forwards. 
Applied especially to scabrous or pubes- 
cent stems, sheaths, awns, and so on. 
Opposed to retrorse. 

Apiculate. Having a minute pointed tip. 
Applied especially to fertile lemmas in 
fruit, such as certain species of Eriochloa. 

Appressed. Lying against an organ. The 
branches of an inflorescence may be 
appressed to the main axis or the hairs on 
a stem may be appressed to the surface. 

Aristate. Awned; provided > ith a bristle at 
the end or at the bac’ or edge of an 
organ. In grasses applivs especially to the 
awns at the end of the bracts of the spike- 
let. Compare awn. Aristulate. Bearing a 
short awn. 

Articulate. Jointed. Joined by a line of demar- 
cation between two parts which at matur- 
ity separate by a clean-cut scar. Certain 
spikelets are articulate with the pedicel; 
certain awns with the lemma. Articula- 
tion. The point of union of two articulate 
organs. 

Ascending. Sloping upward. Applied to stems 
which curve upward from the base, to the 
branches of an inflorescence which slope 
upward at angle of about 40° to 70°, and 
to other parts such as blades and hairs. 
Compare appressed and spreading. 

Attenuate. Gradually narrowed to a slender 
apex or base. 

Auricle. An ear. Applied to earlike lobes at 
the base of blades and to the small lobes 
at the summit of the sheath in Hordeae. 
Aurtculate. Provided with ears. 

Awn. A slender bristle at the end or on 
the back or edge of an organ. In grasses 
the awn is usually a continuation of the 
midnerve (sometimes also of the lateral 
nerves) of the glumes or lemmas, rarely of 
the palea. 


Panicum wrightianum; 


German 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Azil. The angle between an organ and its — 
axis. Applied especially to the angle 
between a leaf and its stem and between 
a branch or pedicel and its axis. Azillary. 
Growing in an axil. : 

Axis. The main stem of an inflorescence, — 
especially of a panicle. Compare rachis. 

Barbed. Furnished with retrorse projections. 
Applied to the spines of Cenchrus. 

Beak. A hard point or projection. Applied to 

seeds and fruits. 

Bearded. Furnished with long stiff hairs, as 
the nodes of Andropogon barbinodis, the 
callus of Stipa spartea, the throat of the 
sheath of Sporobolus cryptandrus, and the 
main axils of the panicle of Hragrostis 
spectabilis. 

Bifid. Two-cleft or two-lobed, applied to the 
summit of glumes, lemmas, and paleas. 
The lemmas of Bromus are usually bifid 
at apex. ; 

Blade. The part of a leaf above the sheath. 

Bract. The reduced leaves of the inflo- 
rescence and upper part of a shoot. Com- 
pare scale. 

Branch. A lateral stem. Applied to the foli- 
age stems or culms, and to the lateral — 
stems of an inflorescence. Branchlet. A 
branch of the second or higher order. In 
open much-branched panicles the main 
branches from the axis are branches of 
the first order, the branchlets from these 
are branches of the second order and so on. 

Bristle. A stiff slender appendage likened to 
a hog’s bristle. An awn is a kind of bristle. 
In grasses the term is applied to the modi- 
fied branchlets at the base of the spikelets 
in Setaria and allied genera, and to the © 
prolongation of the rachis in Panicum, 
sect. Paurochaetium, and a few other 
groups. | 

Bulb. A subterranean bud with fleshy scales 
like the onion. The so-called bulbs of 
grasses are corms (which see). Bulbous. 
Swollen at base like a bulb or corm. Said 
of the base of the stem of some species of 
Melica, Phleum, Phalaris, and so on. 
Bulblets. Small bulbs or corms. Applied 
also to the proliferous buds in the inflo- 
rescence of certain grasses, as Poa bulbosa, 
proliferous forms of P. arctica, P. alpina, 
and others. 

Callus. The indurate downward extension of 
the mature lemma in Stipa, Aristida, and 
some other genera. Morphologically, such 
a callus is a part of the rachilla. In Hetero- 
pogon and other Andropogoneae the callus 
is an oblique part of the rachis which 
extends downward from the spikelet. In 
Chrysopogon the callus is a part of the 
peduncle. The term callus is also applied 
to the thickened lower joint and first 
glume of Eriochloa (callus, a thickened — 
part). Callus hairs. The hairs at the base 
of the floret of Calamagrostis and some 
other genera. | 

Canescent. Gray-pubescent or hairy. 


: 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Capillary. Very slender or hairlike. 

Capitate. In a globular cluster or head. 

Carinaic. Keeled. Said of glumes, lemmas, 
and other parts when flattened laterally, 

- with a sharp keel. 

Cartilaginous. Hard and tough but elastic, 
like cartilage. 

Caryopsis. The grain or fruit of grasses. The 
seed coat is grown fast to the pericarp as 
in the grain of wheat or corn. In a few 
grasses the seed is free within the pericarp, 
as in Sporobolus and Eleusine. 

Cespitose. Tufted; several or many stems in a 
close tuft. 

Chartaceous. Having the texture of writing 
paper. 

Ciliate. Fringed with hairs on the margin 
(like an eyelash). Ciliolate. Minutely 
ciliate. 

Circinate. Coiled from the top downward. 

Clavate. Club-shaped; gradually thickened 
upward, and more or less circular in cross 
section. 

Cleistogamous. Applied to flowers or florets 
when fertilized without opening. Cleisto- 
gene. A cleistogamous flower, such as 
found in Triplasis and Danthonia. 

Collar. The area on the outer side of a leaf 
at the junction of sheath and blade. 

Column. The lower undivided part of the 
awns of certain species of Aristida; the 
lower twisted segment of the awn in 
Andropogoneae. 

Compact. Said of closely flowered inflo- 
rescences. Compare dense. 

Compressed. Flattened laterally, as the com- 
pressed spikelets of Uniola latifolia and 
the compressed sheaths of Andropogon 
virginicus. If the organ is also sharply 
keeled, it is said to be compressed-keeled. 

Conduplicate. Folded together lengthwise 
with the upper surface within, as in the 
blades of many grasses. 

Continuous. Said of the rachis or other organ 
which does not disarticulate. The opposite 
of articulate or disarticulating. 

Contracted. Said of inflorescences that are 
narrow or dense, the branches short or 
appressed. The opposite of open or 
spreading. 

Convex. Rounded on the surface. Said espe- 
cially of glumes and lemmas that are 
rounded on the back instead of keeled. 

Convolute. Rolled longitudinally. Said mostly 
of blades, one edge being inside and the 
other outside. 

Cordate. Heart-shaped. Said mostly of the 
base of blades. Cordate-clasping. Heart- 
shaped at base with the lobes overlapping 
around the stem. aie 

Coriaceous. Leathery in texture. 

Corm. The hard swollen base of a stem. In 
Melica the corm is a single enlarged lower 
internode. In Panicum bulbosum several 
internodes are involved. Compare bulb. 

Crown. The persistent base of a tufted peren- 
nial herbaceous grass. Also the hard ring 


go 


or zone at the summit of some species of 
Stipa. The “pappuslike crown” of dis- 
sected teeth is mentioned under Pap- 
pophorum. 

Culm. The jointed stem of grasses. 

Cuneate. Wedge-shaped with the narrow part 
below. 

Cuspidate. Tipped with a sharp short rigid 
point. 

Deciduous. Falling away, as the awn of 
Oryzopsis, the spikelets of some species 
with articulate pedicels, and the blades of 
some bamboos. The opposite of persistent. 

Decumbent. Curved upward from a horizon- 
tal or inclined base. Said of stems or culms. 

Decurrent. Extending down an organ below 
the insertion. Said especially of ligules 
decurrent on the margins of the sheath. 

Dehiscence. Spontaneous opening of an 
organ, as the opening of anthers to let out 
the pollen. 

Dense. Said of inflorescences in which the 
spikelets are crowded. The opposite of 
open or loose. Compare compact. 

Depauperate. Reduced or undeveloped. Said 
especially of impoverished or dwarfed 
plants below the average size. 

Diffuse. Open and much-branched. Said of 
panicles. 

Digitate. Several members arising from the 
summit of a support. Said especially of 
racemes or spikes from the summit of a 
peduncle, as in Digitaria and Cynodon. 

Dioecious. Unisexual, the two kinds of 
flowers on separate plants, as in Buchloé. 

Disarticulating. Separating at maturity. 
Compare articulate. 

Distichous. Conspicuously two-ranked, as 
the leaves of Distichlis and Zea. 

Divaricate. Widely and stiffly divergent as 
the branches of certain open panicles (e.g., 
Oryzopsis hymenoides). 

Dorsal. Relating to the back of an organ. 

Dorsiventral. With a distinct upper and lower 
surface. Said of shoots bearing broad flat 
blades in a horizontal position, the blades 
turned into the same plane. 

Drooping. Erect to spreading at base but 
inclining downward above, as the branches 
of a panicle. 

Ellipsoid. An elliptic solid. Said of the shape 
of panicles, spikelets, and fruits. 

Elliptic. Shaped like an ellipse. Said of 
blades and other flat surfaces. 

Elongate. Narrow, the length many times 
the width or thickness. 

Emarginate. Notched at the apex. 

Equitant. Astride. Said of approximate com- 
pressed-keeled sheaths or blades at the 
base of a culm that infold each other like 
the leaves of Jris. ' 

Erose. Irregularly notched at apex as if 
gnawed. Said of glumes and lemmas. 

Excurrent. Running beyond. The midnerve 
is excurrent from the lemma as an awn in 
many grasses. 

Exserted: Protruding. The awns of some 


992 


species of Calamagrostis are exserted, pro- 
truding beyond the spikelet. 

Falcate. Scimiter-shaped, curved sidewise 
and flat, tapering upward. Said of certain 
asymmetric blades. 

Fascicle. A little bundle or cluster. Said of 
clustered leaves, branches of a panicle, 
and spikes or racemes on an axis. 

Ferruginous. Rust-colored. 

Fertile. Capable of producing fruit, having 
pistils. A fertile floret may be pistillate or 
perfect. 

Fibrillose. Furnished with fibers. Said espe- 
cially of the old basal sheaths of some 
grasses. 

Filiform. Threadlike. 

Fimbriate. Fringed, the hairs longer or 
coarser as compared with ciliate. 

Flabellate. Fan-shaped. Said of the lemmas 
of Neostapfia and the inflorescence of 
Miscanthus sinensis. 

Flexuous. Bent alternately 
directions. 

Floret. The lemma and palea with included 
flower (stamens and pistil). Florets may 
be perfect, staminate, pistillate, neuter, 
sterile, and so on. 

Folded. Conduplicate. Said chiefly of blades. 

Fruit. The ripened pistil. In grasses the fruit 
is usually a caryopsis. The term fruit is 
also applied to the caryopsis and parts 
that may enclose it permanently at matu- 
rity. In Panicum the indurate fertile lemma 
and palea with the enclosed caryopsis is 
the fruit. In Cenchrus it is the entire bur. 

Fuscous. Dusky, brownish gray. 

Fusiform. Spindle-shaped. A solid that is 
terete in the middle and tapering toward 
each end. 

Geniculate. Bent abruptly. Said of awns and 
of the lower nodes of the culm. 

Gibbous. Swollen on one side, as the second 
glume of Sacciolepis. 

Glabrous. Without hairs of any sort. 

Gland. A protuberance or depression, usually 
minute, that secretes, or appears to secrete, 
a fluid. Glandular. Supplied with glands. 
The glands may be depressed as in Hra- 
grostis cilianensis and Heteropogon melan- 
ocarpus. 

Glaucous. Covered with a waxy coating that 
gives a blue-green color as in the leaf of 
the cabbage, and the bloom of the grape. 

Glomerate. Collected in heads. 

Glumes. The pair of bracts at the base of a 
spikelet. 

Gregarious. Growing in groups or masses. 

Herbaceous. Having the characters of an 
herb; opposed to woody; thin in texture 
and green in color, as the herbaceous 
lemmas of Poa. 

Hirsute. Pubescent with straight rather stiff 
hairs. Hirsutulous, hirtellous. Minutely 
hirsute. 

Hispid. Pubescent with stiff or rigid hairs. 
Hispidulous. Diminutive of hispid. 


in opposite 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Hyaline. Thin and translucent or trans- 
parent. 

Imbricate. Overlapping, as the lemmas in 
many spikelets. 

Implicate. Tangled, as the branches of the 
panicle of Panicum implicatum. 

Indurate. Hard. Compare chartaceous and 
coriaceous. 

Inflated. Puffed up, bladdery. 

Infleced. Turned in at the margins. Said 
especially of the margin of the glumes or 
lemmas in some species. 

Inflorescence. The flowering part of a plant. 

Innovation. The basal shoot of a perennial 
grass. 

Internerves. The spaces between the nerves. 
Said of glumes and lemmas. 

Internode. The part of a stem between two 
successive nodes. 

Interrupted. The continuity broken. Said 
especially of dense inflorescences whose 
continuity is broken by gaps. 

Involucre. A circle of bracts below a flower 
or flower cluster. In grasses applied to the 
cluster of bristles or sterile branchlets 
below the spikelets in Pennisetum and a 
ey other genera, and to the bony bead of 

o1n. 

Involute. Rolled inward from the edges, the 
upper surface within. Said of blades. 

Joint. The node of a grass culm. The inter- 
node of an articulate rachis. 

Keel. The sharp fold at the back of a com- 
pressed sheath, blade, glume, or lemma. 
The palea and sometimes the glumes and 
lemmas may be two-keeled. Keel is used 
pega’ of the similarity to the keel of a 

oat. 

Lacerate. Torn at the edge or irregularly 
cleft, as in some ligules. 

ieee Woolly, clothed with long tangled 

airs. 

Lanceolate. Rather narrow (surface), taper- 
ing to both ends, the broadest part below 
the middle. 

Laterally (compressed). Flattened from the 
sides, as certain spikelets, glumes, and 
lemmas. 

Laz. Loose. Said of a soft or open inflores- 
cence and of soft or drooping foliage. 

Leaf. The lateral organ of a stem, in grasses 
consisting of sheath and blade. 

Lemma. The bract of a spikelet above the 
pair of glumes. 

Ligule. The thin appendage or ring of hairs 
on the inside of a leaf at the junction of 
sheath and blade. 

Linear. Long and narrow with parallel sides. 
Said of surfaces, such as a blade. Said also 
of spikelets and other organs, having in 
mind the shape of a longitudinal section. 

Lobe. A segment of an organ, usually rounded 
or obtuse. Applied especially to the divi- 
sions of a cleft lemma. 

Loose. Open. Said of panicles. The opposite 
of dense or compact. 

Membranaceous. Thin, like a membrane. 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


Monoecious. Unisexual, the two kinds of 
| flowers on the same plant, as in Zea and 
| Zizania. 
| Mucro. A minute awn or excurrent midnerve 
of an organ. Mucronate. Provided with a 
| mucro. 
| Navicular. Boat-shaped. Shaped like the 

bow of a canoe. Applied especially to the 

tip of blades. 

Nerve. The vascular veins (mostly longi- 
tudinal) of the blades, glumes, and 
lemmas. 

Neuter. Without stamens or pistils. Said of 

| florets or spikelets. 

| Nodding. Inclined somewhat from the vert- 

| ical. Said of panicles. 

_ Node. The joint of a culm. 

| Nodulose. Roughened by minute knots. 

| Ob-. A prefix meaning inversely, as obovate. 

| Oblong. Longer than wide, with parallel 

sides, but not so long as linear. Applied 
also to panicles and other parts, having in 
| mind a longitudinal section. 

| Obsolete. Almost wanting. Applied to organs 

usually present. 

| Obtuse. Rounded at the apex. Contrasted 

with acute. 

| Open. Loose. Said of panicles. Opposite of 

| dense or compact. 

| Oval. Broadly elliptic. 

| Ovate. The shape of the longitudinal section 

of an egg, broadest below the middle. 

| Ovoid. An egg-shaped solid. 

Palea. The inner bract of a floret. 

Panicle. An inflorescence with a main axis 
| and subdivided branches. It may be com- 
pact and spikelike (Phlewm pratense) or 
| open (Avena sativa). 
| Papery. See chartaceous. 
| Papilla. A minute nipple-shaped projection. 
Papillose. Bearing papillae. Papillose-pilose. 

Bearing stiff hairs arising from papillae. 
Pappus. In grasses mentioned under Pap- 

pophorum, referring to the awns as form- 

ing a pappuslike crown, similar to the 

_ pappus in certain species of Compositae. 
Pectinate. Comblike. Used especially with 

some species of Bouteloua where the spike- 

lets are set close together, parallel and 
divergent from the rachis like the teeth of 

a comb. 

| Pedicel. The stalk of a spikelet. Pedzcellate. 

| — Having a pedicel. Opposed to sessile. __ 

) Peduncle. The stalk or stem of an inflores- 
cence. Peduncled. Having a peduncle. 

| Pendent. Hanging down. 

| Perennial. Lasting more than 1 year. Ap- 
plied to.grasses in which the underground 
parts last more than 1 year; and to woody 
culms to distinguish them from those 
which die to the ground (herbaceous) even 
pecueh the underground parts are peren- 
nial. 

Perfect. Applied to flowers having both 
stamens and pistil. 

Pericarp. The ripened walls of the ovary 
when it becomes a fruit. 

Persistent. Remaining attached, either after 


993 


other parts have been shed, or for a con- 
siderable period. The paleas of certain 
species of Hragrostis persist after the fall 
of the lemmas. Also used as the opposite 
of deciduous. 

Petiole. The stalk of a leaf blade. Used with 
the leaves of many bamboos and with 
some other broadleaved species in which 
the blade contracts into a petiole. Petio- 
late. Having a petiole. 

Pilose. Pubescent with soft straight hairs. 

Pistillate. Applied to flowers bearing pistils 
only and to an inflorescence or a plant 
with pistillate flowers. 

Pitted. Marked with small depressions or 
pits. Applied to the fruit (fertile lemma) of 
certain species of Olyra. Also applied to 
the pinhole depression in the glume of 
certain species of Andropogoneae. 

Plicate. Folded in plaits lengthwise as the 
blades of Setarza sect. Ptycophyllum. ° 

Plumbeous. Lead-colored, greenish drab, as 
the spikelets of Eragrostis cilianensis. 

Plumose. Feathered, having fine hairs on 
each side. Said chiefly of awns and slender 
teeth. 

Proliferous. Bearing vegetative buds or 
bulblets in the inflorescence. Compare 
bulblets. 

Pruinose. Having a waxy powdery secretion 
on the surface. Having a more pronounced 
bloom than when glaucous. 

Puberuleni. Diminutive of pubescent. Min- 
utely pubescent. 

Pubescent. Covered with hairs. Applied 
especially when the hairs are short and 
soft. Pubescence. A hairy covering. 

Pulvinus. The swelling at the base of the 
branches of some panicles which cause 
them to spread. 

Pustulose. Blistery, furnished with pustules 
or irregularly raised pimples, as in the 
spikelets of Panicum angusttfolium. Not 
as definitely roughened as papillose. 

Pyramidal. Pyramid-shaped. Applied some- 
times to panicles that are actually conical. 

Pyriform. Pear-shaped. Obovoid with atten- 
ne base. Applied to the shape of spike- 
ets. 

Raceme. An inflorescence in which the spike- 
lets are pediceled on a rachis. Racemose. 
In racemes. 

Rachilla. A small rachis. Applied especially 
to the axis of a spikelet. 

Rachis. The axis of a spike or raceme. 

Reticulate. In a network. Applied especially 
to the cross-veining on some spikelets, as 
Panicum fasciculatum. 

Retrorse. Pointing backward, as the hairs on 
the sheaths of certain species of Bromus. 

Revolute. Turned or rolled backward from 
both edges. Said chiefly of blades. 

Rhizome. An underground stem; rootstock. 
The rhizomes of grasses are usually slender 
and creeping. They bear scales at the 
nodes, the scales sometimes remote and 
inconspicuous (Poa pratensis), sometimes 
imbricate and prominent (Spartina). 


994 


Rhizomatous. Having rhizomes or appear- 
ing like rhizomes, as the base of a decum- 
bent stem. 

Rosette. A cluster of spreading or radiating 
basal leaves, as in the overwintering stage 
of Panicum, sect. Dichanthelium. 

Rudiment. An imperfectly developed organ 
or part. Rudimentary. Underdeveloped. 
Applied also to one or more rudimentary 
florets at the summit of the spikelet of 
some genera, as Melica, Bouteloua, Chloris. 

Rugose. Wrinkled. Said especially of the 
fruit of some species of Panicum and 
allied groups. 

Saccate. Bag or sac-shaped, as the second 
glume of Sacciolepis. 

Scabrous. Rough to the touch. Covered with 
minute points, teeth, or very short stiff 
hairs. Scaberulous. Minutely scabrous. 

Scale. The reduced leaves at the base of a 
shoot. Said especially of the reduced or 
rudimentary leaves on a rhizome. 

Scarious. Thin, dry, and membranaceous, 
not green. : 

Secondary. Subordinate; below or less than 
primary. Said of branches arising from 
primary branches. 

Secund. One-sided or arranged along one 


side, 

Self-pollinated. Pollinated in the bud or by 
pollen from the same flower. The opposite 
of cross-pollinated. 

Serrate. Saw-toothed; having sharp teeth. 
Serrulate. Minutely serrate. 

Sessile. Without a pedicel or stalk. The 
opposite of pediceled. Said of blades, 
spikelets, and other organs. 

Setaceous. Bristlelike. Said especially of 
slender teeth attenuate to an awn. 

Sheath. The lower part of a leaf that encloses 
the stem. 

Sinuous. Wavy. : 

Smooth. Not rough to the touch. Compare 
glabrous, without hairs but which may be 
rough to the touch. 

Spathe. A sheathing bract of the inflores- 
cence found especially in the Andropo- 
goneae. 

Spike. An unbranched inflorescence in which 
the spikelets are sessile on a rachis. Spike- 
like. A dense panicle in which the pedicels 
and branches are short and hidden by the 
spikelets as in Phlewm. 

Sptkelet. The unit of the inflorescence in 
grasses, consisting of two glumes and one 
or more florets. 

Spreading. Having an outward direction. 
Said especially of the branches of a 
panicle when they lie between ascending 
and the horizontal direction (right angles). 

Squarrose. Spreading or recurved at the tip. 
Said of the tips of lemmas. 

Stamen. The part of the flower that bears the 
pollen. Staminate. Containing stamens 
only. Also applied to an inflorescence or a 

_ _ plant with staminate flowers. 

Sterile. Without pistils. A sterile floret may 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


be staminate or neuter. It may even lack a © 
palea, and consist of nothing but a lemma, — 

Strpe. A minute stalk to an organ. Applied 
especially to a pistil. Also sometimes to the © 
prolongation of a rachilla as in Calama- 
grostis. Stipilate. Having a stipe. 

Stolon. A modified propagating stem above 
ground creeping and rooting or curved 
over and rooting at the tip. Stoloniferous. ° 
Bearing stolons. 

Stramineous. Straw-colored, pale yellow. 

Striate. Marked with fine parallel lines or — 
minute ridges 

Strict. Stiffy upright. 

Strigose. Rough with short stiff hairs; 
harshly pubescent. 

Sub-. A prefix to denote somewhat, slightly, 
or in a less degree; as subacute, somewhat 
acute. 

Subtend. To be below, as a bract subtends a 
branch in its axil. 

Subulate. Awl-shaped. 

Succulent. Fleshy or juicy. 

Sulcate. Grooved or furrowed. Said chiefly 
of stems, sheaths, and slender blades. 

Tawny. Pale brown or dirty yellow. 

Teeth. Pointed lobes or divisions. : 

Terete. Cylindric and slender, as the usual — 
unflattened stems or culms of grasses. 

Tessellate. The surface marked with square — 
or oblong depressions. j 

Triad. A group of 3, applied to the central — 
and 2 lateral spikelets in Hordewm and 
to ultimate racemes in Sorghum. 

Trifid. Divided into three parts as the awns 
of Aristida. 


Truncate. Ending abruptly, as if cut off 


horizontally. 
Tuberculate. Furnished with small projec- 
tions. 
Turgid. Swollen, as the pulvini of a panicle 
during anthesis. 
Unilateral. One-sided or turned to one side. — 
Unisexual. Said of flowers containing only 
stamens or only pistils. 
Verticillate. In verticils or whorls. 
Villous. Pubescent with long soft hairs. 
Virgate. Straight and erect; wand-shaped. 
Web. The cluster of slender soft hairs at the 
base of the floret in certain species of Poa. 


Whorl. A cluster of several branches around ~ 


the axis of an inflorescence. 

Wing. A thin projection or border; for 
example, the thin borders on the rachis of _ 
certain species of Digitaria and Paspalum. — 


APPENDIX 


The following genera are additions to or _ 


changes from the genera in the first edition 
of the Manual, and which are not in Hitch- 


cock’s Genera of Grasses of the United 


States (United States Department of Agri- 
culture Bulletin 772, revised edition, 1936.) 
The place of publication and the type species _ 
are here given, the descriptions being given ~ 
in the text. . 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


PHYLLOSTACHYS Sieb. and Zuce. 
Type species: Phyllostachys bambusoides 


Sieb. and Zucc. 
Phyllostachys Sieb. and Zucc., Abh. 
Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 33: 745, pl. 5. 1848. 


A single species included, Phyllostachys 
bambusoides Sieb. and Zuce. 
A large genus of Asiatic bamboos. 


PSEUDOSASA Makino 


Type species: Pseudosasa japonica (Sieb. 
and Zucc.) Makino. 

Pseudosasa Makino, Jour. Jap. Bot. 2': 
15. 1920. No generic description. “The 
diagnosis will appear in the forecoming 
number.” Three species are transferred to 
' the genus, the first being Pseudosasa 
| japonica (Sieb. and Zucc.) Makino. The 
| diagnosis was published in English by 
Makino, Jour. Jap. Bot. 54: 15. 1928, 
P. japonica (Sieb. and Zucc.) Makino being 
one of the seven species included. 


(3) BRACHYPODIUM Beauv. 


Type species: Brachypodium pinnatum (L.) 
Beauv. 

Brachypodium Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 100, 
pl. 19, f. 8. 1812. Twenty-two names are 
listed under the genus, several of them not 
congeneric with B. pinnatum, based on 
Bromus pinnatus L., which is taken as the 
type because it is the only one illustrated. 

Trachynia Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 42. 1827. 
Two species are included, J'rachynia dis- 
tachya (L.) Link, based on Bromus dis- 
tachyos L., and T. rigida (Roth) Link, based 
on Festuca rigida Roth, differentiated from 
Brachypodium on glumes longer than the 
lower floret. 

Perennials or annuals with racemes of 
subsessile, many-flowered spikelets. Several 
species in Eurasia and Africa, one native of 
Mexico and Central America, and a few 
introduced in North and South America. 


(9) SCOLOCHLOA Link 
(Fluminea Fries) 


aoe Ce Scolochloa festucacea (Willd.) 
ink. 

Scolochloa Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 136. 
1827; not Scolochloa Mert. and Koch, 1828. 
A single species included, Scolochloa festu- 
cacea (Willd.) Link, based on Arundo festu- 
cacea Willd. 

Fluminia Fries, Summa Veg. Scand. 247. 
1846. Based on Festuca borealis Mert. and 
Koch. A single species included, its name 
being given as ‘“‘Festuca borealis or Fluminea 
arundinacea.” This is the same as Scolochloa 
festucacea. 

The genus consists of a single marsh grass 
4 Eurasia, Canada, and northern United 

tates, 


995 


(11) HESPEROCHLOA (Piper) Rydb. 


Type species: Festuca confinis Vasey (F. 
kingit Cassidy). 

Festuca subgenus Hesperochloa Piper, 
U. S. Nat. Herb. Contrib. 10: 40, pl. 15. 
1906. A single species is included, F. con- 
finis Vasey (Hesperochloa kingii (S. Wats.) 
Rydb.) 


Hesperochloa (Piper) Rydb., Torrey Bot. 
Club Bul. 89: 106. 1912. Based on Festuca 
subgenus Hesperochloa Piper. 

Wasatchia Jones, West. Bot. Contrib. 
14: 16. 1912. A single species is included, 
W. kingit (S. Wats.) Jones. 

The genus consists of a single dioecious 
species of the Western States. 


(32 A.) ECTOSPERMA Swallen 


Spikelets several-flowered, glumes and 
lemmas persistent on the continuous short- 
jointed rachilla, the caryopsis falling free; 
glumes subequal, about reaching the summit 
of the spikelet, broad, spreading, 7- to 11- 
nerved; lemmas rounded on the _ back, 
closely imbricate, thin, 5- to 7-nerved, 
densely long villous on the margins in the 
lower half to two-thirds; palea as long as 
the lemma or slightly exceeding it, the 
broad margins densely long villous nearly 
to the summit, the apex more or less erose 
or lacerate; caryopsis readily falling from 
the floret, broadly elliptic, the embryo 
broad, about two-thirds the length of the 
grain; stamens 3. Rigid perennial with firm 
pungent blades and narrow, simple panicles 
of broad spikelets. Only known from the 
type species, Mctosperma alexandrae. Name 
from ectos, free from, and sperma, seed. 

1. Ectosperma alexandrae Swallen. (Fig. 
1200.) Rigid perennial, branching at base 
from an erect or creeping thick scaly rhizome 
with woolly nodes; flowering culms erect or 
ascending, 30 to 35 cm. tall, suleate-ridged, 
puberulent at the summit, otherwise glab- 
rous; leaves 2 or 3 above the base, distant, 
the sheaths much shorter than the inter- 
nodes, the uppermost about reaching the 
base of the panicle, villous on the margin 
toward the summit; ligule a ring of hairs 
about 1 mm. long; blades rigid, 5 to 9 cm. 
long, 3 to 5 mm. wide, tapering to a pungent 
apex, the upper 2 blades subulate; leaves of 
the few to several stout erect sterile branches 
at base numerous, the sheaths much over- 
lapping, long-villous on the margin and 
densely so at the summit; blades con- 
spicuously distichous, rigid, 4 to 14, mostly 
5 to 7 em., long (the lower shorter), 3 to 
6 mm. wide, tapering to a pungent apex; 
panicle erect or nearly so, simple, 6 to 10 
em. long, the axis and few, short, 2- to 
3-flowered branches compressed, sparsely 
pubescent; spikelets on short, pubescent 
pedicels, scarcely imbricate, palea, 1 to 1.5 
cm. long, nearly as wide; rachilla com- 
pressed, bearded at the nodes; glumes 9 to 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


YY 


Figure 1200.—Ectosperma alexandrae. Plant X 4; glumes, dorsal view of lemma, ventral view of palea with 
lodicules, stamens, and pistil, and two views of caryopsis, X 5. (Type.) 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


14 mm. long, acuminate, glabrous; [the 
lemmas 7 to 9 mm. long, apiculate, the 
margins conspicuously white-villous except 
the apex; palea deeply sulcate between the 
arched keels, the margins conspicuously 
white-villous; caryopsis readily falling, 
brown, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, the embryo 
conspicuous; anthers 3.5 mm. long, pale 
4 —Sand hill, altitude 3,050 feet, Kureka 
Valley, Inyo County, Calif. 


(33) TRIDENS Roem. and Schult. 
Type species: Tridens quinquifidus (Pursh) 
Roem. and Schult. (Tridens flavus (L.) 
Hitche.) 
Tricuspis Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 77, pl. 15, 

f. 10. 1812. Not Tricuspis Pers., 1807. 
Tricuspis caroliniana Beauv., the species 
illustrated, is taken as the type. This is 
Tridens flavus (L.) Hitche. Two other names 
mentioned are nomina nuda. 

Tridens Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 
| 84, 599. 1817; Tricuspis Beauv., pl. 15. 
f. 10 is cited on page 34, and T'ridens 
quinquifida Roem. and Schult., based on 
Poa quinquifida Pursh, is published on 
page 599. 

Windsoria Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1: 70. 1818. 
Two species are described, W. poaeformis 
Nutt., which is Tridens flavus, and W. 
ambiguus (Ell.) Nutt. The first is selected as 
the type. 

Erioneuron Nash in Small, Fl. Southeast. 
U.S. 148. 1903. The type, Uralepis pilosa 
Buckl. (Tridens pilosus (Buckl.) Hitchc.), 
is indicated on page 1327. Only one species 


' is included. 


Dasyochloa Willd. ex Rydb., Colo. Agr. 
Expt. Sta. Bul. 100: 18, 37. 1906. There is 
no description except in the key. Dasyochloa 
pulchella Willd. is listed in Steud. Nom. 
Bot. ed. 2. 1: 484. 1840, as synonym of 
Uralepis (‘Uralepsis”) pulchella Kunth 
(Tridens pulchellus (H. B. K.) Hitchce.) 
and is the only species included in the genus 
by Rydberg. 

Perennials, diverse in habit and spikelets, 
which have been included in T'riodia R. 
Br., of Australia and New Zealand, which 
also consists of species with somewhat di- 
verse spikelets. T’ridens differs from that in 
the strictly 3-nerved lemmas, the lateral 
nerves marginal or nearly so, the lemmas of 
Triodia being mostly in 3 groups of 2 or 3 
nerves each (sometimes indistinct), the 
lateral nerves not marginal. 

In habit the species of T’riodia are very 
different from those of T’ridens, being tus- 
sock grasses with rigid pungently pointed 
blades. Tridens is confined to the western 
hemisphere. Two new combinations are 
necessary, see pages 971, 973. 


(35) NEOSTAPFIA Davy 
Type species: Stapfia colusana Davy. 
Stapfia Davy, Erythea 6: 110, pl. 3. 
1898. Not Stapfia Chodat, 1897. A single 
species included, Stapfia colusana Davy. 


997 


Neostapfia Davy, Erythea 7: 48. 1899. 
Change of name for Stapfia, the species re- 
named Neostapfia colusana (Davy) Davy. 

Davyella Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 49: 
133. 1899. Change of name for Stapfia 
Davy, the species renamed Davyella colusana 
(Davy) Hack. 

The one species, confined to California, 
was included in the related South American 
genus, Anthochloa Nees, by Scribner (U. S. 
Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bul. 17: 221, f. 517. 
1899). In Anthochloa the leaves are differen- 
tiated into sheath and blade as in other 
grasses, the axis of the inflorescence is not 
extended and foliaceous as in Neostapfia, 
and the glumes are developed and persistent. 
(See R. F. Hoover, West. Bot. Leaflets 11: 
274. 1940.) 


(40) ENNEAPOGON Desv. 


Type species: Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv. 

Enneapogon Desv. ex Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 
81, pl. 16, f. 11. 1812. Hnneapogon des- 
vauxit Beauv. and four species described by 
Robert Brown under Pappophorum are 
included, EH. desvauxit being the only one 
illustrated. No locality is here given, but in 
a later paper by Desvaux. (Jour. de Bot. 1: 
70. 1813.) “ales Manilles” was erroneously 
given for the locality. What is undoubtedly 
part of the type collection was recently 
found in the British Museum and proves to 
be the American species known as Pappo- 
phorum wrightii S. Wats., with which 
Beauvois’ illustration agrees. The collection 
was probably made by Née near Mendoza, 
Argentina, where the species is still found. 
See Burbidge, N. T., Linn. Soc. London 
Proc. 153 Sess. (1940-41): 52-91, f. 1-5. 
1941; also Chase, A., Madrofio 8: 187-189. 
1946. 

Tufted perennials of subarid regions of 
Asia, Africa and Australia, one species in 
America. 


(51) MONERMA Beauv. 


Type species: Monerma monandra Beauv. 
Monerma Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 116, pl. 20, 
f. 10. 1812. Three names are listed. Mo- 
nerma monandra Beauv., the species ilu- 
strated, is taken as the type. This is the 
same as M. cylindrica (Willd.) Coss. and 
Dur. (See p. 898.) This species has common- 
ly been included in Lepturus R. Br., the 
type of which is L. repens (G. Forst.) R. 
Br. of Australia and the Pacific islands. 
Monerma consists of a single species of the 
Mediterranean region, introducedin America. 


(52) PARAPHOLIS C. E. Hubbard 


Type species: Parapholis incurva (L.) C. E. 
Hubbard, based on Aegilops incurva L. 
Parapholis C. E. Hubb., Blumea Sup. 3 
(Henrard Jubilee vol.): 14. 1946. Differen- 
tiated from Pholiurus, to which the four 


998 


species included had been referred. Pholiurus 
Trin. is based on a single species, P. pan- 
nonicus (Host) Trin., in which the rachis is 
continuous, the spikelets falling alone at 
maturity (as in Seribneria). 

Low annuals with slender cylindric spikes. 
Species 4, in the Eastern Hemisphere, one 
introduced in the United States. 


(60) CORYNEPHORUS Beauv. 


Type species: Corynephorus canescens (L.) 
Beauv. 

Weingaertneria Bernh., Syst. Verz. Pflanz. 
23:51. 1800. A single species, W. canescens 
(L.) Bernh., based on Azra canescens L., is 
included. 

Corynephorus Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 190. 
1812. Two species are included, C. articulatus 
(Desf.) Beauv., based on Aira articulata 
“Lin.”’ (error for Desi.).and C. canescens 
(L.) Beauv., based on Aira canescens L. 
The latter species, being illustrated, is 
taken as the type. 


(62) HELICTOTRICHON Besser 


Type species: Avena sempervirens Host. 

Elictotrichon Bess. ex Andrzej., Rys. Bot. 
9. 1823. Undeseribed; E. sempervirens 
Bess., presumably based on Avena semper- 
virens Host, is included in a list of plants. 

Helictotrichon Bess. in Schult., Mantissa 
3. (Add. 1): 526 (error 326). 1827. A generic 
description is given and five species listed, 
‘““Av. sempervirens Host, versicolor Vill., 
pratensis L., pubescens L., planiculmis 
Schrad.”’ None are here transferred to 
Helictotrichon, but all have been transferred 
in recent years. In Schur, Enum. PI. 
Transsilv. 762. 1866, the name is mis- 
spelled ‘‘ Heliotrichum.” 

Avena sect. Avenastrum Koch, Syn. FI. 
Germ. Helv. 795. 1837. Six species are 
included, A. planiculmis Schrad., A. pube- 
scens Huds., A. alpina J. E. Smith, A. 
pratensis L., A. versicolor Vill., and A. 
sempervirens Vill., all European and _ all 
Jater transferred to Helictotrichon. 

Avenastrum Jessen, Deutsch]. Graser 
214. 1863. Presumably based on Avena, 
sect. Avenastrum, but Koch is not mentioned 
except in the list of authors (p. 297). Besides 
2 species included by Koch, A. pubescens 
and A. pratense, Jessen transferred one 
species of Trisetum, one of Arrhenatherum, 
and two of Aira to his Avenastrum. 

Heuffelia Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 
760. 1866. ‘‘Avena sect. II. Avenastrum 
Koch”’ is cited and 12 species listed. 

Numerous perennials of Eurasia and 
Africa, one introduced and two native in 
western North America. 


(65) SIEGLINGIA Bernh. 


Type species: Sieglingia decumbens (L.) 
Bernh. 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Sieglingia Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf. 20, 
44. 1800. A single species is included, Steg- 
lingia decumbens (L.) Bernh., based on 
Festuca decumbens L. 

The genus consists of a single tufted 
perennial of Europe and British America, 
recently found in northern Washington. 


(70) APERA Adans. 


Type species: Agrostis spica-venii L. 

Apera Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 495. 1763. 
‘Agrostis 1. Lin. Sp. 61” is cited. The first 
species. of Agrostis in Linnaeus, Species 
Plantarum, is “‘A. spica venti.” 

Anemagrostis Trin., Fund. Agrost. 128. 
1820. Two species, Agrostis spica-venti L. 
and A. interrupta L., are included. 

The genus consists of two annuals of 
Eurasia, both introduced in the United 
States. Previously included in Agrostis. 


(86) HELEOCHLOA Host ex Roemer 


Type species: Heleochloa alopecuroides (Pill. 
and Mitterp.) Host. 

Heleochloa Host ex Roemer, Collect. 
Rem. Bot. 233. 1809. Generic description 
given for Heleochloa Host, Icon. Gram. 
Austr. 1: 28.-pl. 29. 1801, including Z. 
alopecuroides (Pill. and Mitterp.) Host and 
H. schoenoides (l..) Host, described and 
figured by Host but without generic de- 
scription. Roemer includes the same species. 


(102) MICROCHLOA R. Br. 
Type species: Microchloa setacea (Roxb.) 
Re 


Hel oye 

Microchloa R. Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 
208. 1810. A single species is included, 
Microchloa setacea (Roxb.) R. Br., based on 
Rottboellia setacea Roxb. 

Wiry annuals or perennials with slender 
curved spikes. Several species in Africa and 
Australia, one introduced and one native in 
America. 


EHRHARTA Thunb. 


Type species: Ehrharta capensis Thunb. 

Ehrharta Thunb., Svensk. Vet. Akad. 
Hand. 40: 217, pl. 8. 1779. A single species 
is included, Ehrharta capensis Thunb., of 
South Africa. 

Trochera L. C. Rich., Jour. de Phys. 
(Obs. Phys.) 13: 225, pl. 3. 1779. A simple 
species is included, J’rochera striata L. C. 
Rich., a garden plant from unknown source, 
referred by Stapf to EHhrharta bulbosa 
Smith. Though the title-page date is the 
same, Kuntze (Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 795. 1891) 
gives March for month of publication for 
Trochera and July-September for EHhrharta. 

Placed in Phalarideae, having a pair of 
sterile lemmas below the single fertile floret, 
the sterile lemmas exceeding the glumes and 
usually the fertile floret. Species numerous 


ay 
4 
- 


MANUAL OF THE GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 


in South Africa, a few introduced elsewhere, 
two in California. 


(142) RHYNCHELYTHRUM Nees 


Type species: FRhynchelythrum dregeanum 
Nees (R. repens (Willd.) C. E. Hub- 
bard). 

Rhynchelytrum Nees in Lindl., Nat. Syst. 
Bot. 446. 1836. A single species, R. drege- 
anum from Cape of Good Hope, is included. 
(Nees corrected the spelling to Rhynchely- 
trum in Errata, following page 490 in Nees, 
Agrostographia, 1841.) There are some 40 
species in Africa, southern Europe, and 
southern Asia, one species, R. repens ( Willd.) 
C. E. Hubbard, widely introduced in the 
warmer parts of America and commonly 
known as Natal grass. Most of the species 
were formerly included in T'richolaena 
Schrad., the type species of which is T. 
micrantha Schrad. (7’. teneriffae (L.f.) Link, 
based on Saccharum teneriffae L.f.) In his 
1836 publication Nees gives “C. b. Sp.” 
(Cape bonae Spei) as the locality for Rhyn- 
chelytrum dregeanum, but in his Agrosto- 
graphia Capensis 64. 1841, Nees, repeating 
the earlier generic description almost verba- 
tim and describing the species in detail, 
gives as locality “In loco depresso humido ad 
Port Natal vix 100’ [pedales] alt., (Drége.).” 
Port Natal is now known as Durban, but 
Nees seems to have included the south 
African regions explored by Drége under the 
general name of colonia Capensis, or 
Capstadt. 

In the Agrostographia Capensis, pages 
16-20, Nees includes T'richolaena Schrad., 
with four species, 7’. tonsa Nees and T. 
rosea Nees, which have the characters of 
Rhynchelytrum, and T. capensis (Licht.) 
Nees and T. arenaria Nees, with the char- 
acters now restricted to T'richolaena. 

Perennials or annuals, the panicles with 
capillary branchlets and pedicels and silky, 
often reddish, spikelets. 


(152) MICROSTEGIUM Nees 


pees | species: Microstegium willdenovianum 
ees. 

Microstegium Nees in Lindl., Nat. Syst. 
447, 1836. A single species is included, 
M. willdenovianum Nees, which is the same 
as M. vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus, based on 
Andropogon vimineus ‘Lrin. . 

Leptatherum Nees, Proc. Linn. Soc. 1: 92. 
1841. A single species is included, L. roy- 
leanum Nees, which is the same as Micro- 
stegium nudum (Trin.) A. Camus, based on 
Pollinia nuda Trin. 

Nemastachys Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
307. 1854. A single species is included, 
N. taitensis Steud., which is the same as 
Microstegium glabratum (Brongn.) A. Camus, 
based on Eulalia glabrata Brongn. 


999 


Mostly decumbent species with lanceolate 
blades and digitate racemes, numerous in 
southern Asia and East Indies, several 
species in the Pacific Islands, and a few in 
Africa, one introduced in eastern United 
States. 


(158) CHRYSOPOGON Trin. 


Type species: Chrysopogon gryllus (.) Trin. 
Rhaphis Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 552. 1790. 
A single species, Rhaphis trivialis Lour., 

which is the same as Andropogon aciculatus 

Retz. (Rhaphis aciculatus (Retz.) Desv.) 

and Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. is 

included. 

Pollinia Spreng., Pugill. 2: 10. 1815. 
Not Pollinia Trin., 1832. Several species are 
described, but the generic characters are 
given under the first, P. gryllus Spreng., 
based on Andropogon gryllus L. 

Centrophorum Trin., Fund. Agrost. 106, 
pl. 5. 1820. A single species, C. chinense, 
is included. This is the same as Chrysopogon 
aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. 

Chrysopogon Trin., Fund. Agrost. 187. 
1820. Two species are included, C. gryllus 
(L.) Trin. and C. aciculatus (Retz.) Trin. 
An illustration of the first is cited and that 
species is taken as the type. 

Chrysopogon sect. Rhaphis (Lour.) Ohwi, 
Acta Phytotax. and Geobot. 11: 163. 1942. 
Based on Rhaphis Lour. 

Bentham (Linn. Soc. Jour., Bot. 19: 73. 
1881) transferred the American species, 
Andropogon nutans, A. avenaceus, and allied 
species, to Chrysopogon Trin., and that 
name was adopted by Vasey and others 
until Sorghastrum Nash was described for 
these species. 

Awned perennials of Eurasia, Africa, and 
the Pacific islands. Only one annual species, 
C. pauciflorus (Chapm.) Benth., known from 
America. 


VETIVERIA Bory 


Type species: Vetiveria odoratissima Bory. 
(V. zizanioides (L.) Nash.) 

Vetiverta Bory in Lem., Bul. Soc. Philom. 
(Paris) 1822: 43. 1822. A single species, 
V. odoratissima Bory, mentioned in an 
account of the rhizome, and Agrostis verti- 
cillata Lam. are cited, both the same as V. 
zizanioides (l.) Nash, based on Phalaris 
zizantoides L. The species is described under 
the name Vetiverta odorata Virey in Du- 

etit-Thouars ex Virey, Jour. de Pharm. I. 
13: 501. 1827, the preceding paper cited. 

Mandelorna Steud., Syn. Pl. Glum. 1: 
359. 1854. A single species included, M. 
insignis Steud., the same as Vetiveria nigri- 
tana (Benth.) Stapf, a species closely allied 
to V. zizanioides. 

Tall perennials of the Old World, one 
species introduced in America. 


1000 


THEMEDA Forsk. 


Type species: Themeda triandra Forsk. 

Themeda Forsk., Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 178. 
1775. A single species included, Themeda 
triandra Forsk. 

Anthistiria L. f., Nov. Gram. Gen. 38, 
pl. 1. 1779. The genus is described and 
figured, but no species is mentioned; L. f., 
Suppl. Pl. 118. 1781. A single species de- 
scribed, Anthistiria ciliata L. f., ‘‘Andro- 
pogon quadrivalvis [L.] Syst. Veg. ed. 13. 
p. 758” cited. 

Androscepia Brongn. in Duperrey, Bot. 
Voy. Coquille 77. 1831. A single species 
included, A. gigantea (Cav.) Brongn., based 
on Anthistiria gigantea Cav. (Themeda 
gigantea (Cav.) Hack. 

Annuals or robust perennials of the Old 
World, one species introduced in the 
United States and two in the West Indies. 


Names published by Johann Friedrich 
Theodor Bieler in his doctor’s thesis entitled, 
“Plantarum Novarum ex Herbario Sprenge- 
lii Centuriam,”’ issued May 30, 1807, were 
entirely overlooked unti! discovered by Prof. 
M. L. Fernald a few years ago. The names 
that are based on specimens from North 
America, mostly sent to Sprengel by Muhlen- 
berg, were listed by Fernald in Rhodora 47: 
198-204 (1945). Among them: are seven 
names of grasses. Bieler’s paper was repub- 
lished unchanged by Sprengel under the 
title, ““Novarum Plantarum ex Herbario 
Meo Centuria,’”’ in the second part of his 
Mantiss Prima, pages 27-28 (1807), evi- 
dently later than Bieler‘s paper. Bieler’s 
name is not mentioned, and the species have 
been credited to Sprengel and are so listed in 
the Index Kewensis. 

In this edition of the Manual of Grasses, 
Bieler is given as author of these names, 
valid and synonyms. They are found in 
Festuca, Sphenopholis, Sporobolus, and Pani- 
cum. One name listed by Fernald, “‘Panicwm 
pensylvanicum Bieler, Plant. Nov. Herb. 
Spreng. Cent. 4. 1807,’ was published by 
Sprengel in Natchrag. Bot. Gart. Halle 30 
(1801), the description reworded in Bieler’s 
paper, but agreeing with the earlier descrip- 
tion. This and Panicum discolor Bieler, ap- 
parently belonging in subgenus Dichanthe- 
He are given in Unidentified Names (p. 
982 


It is possible that Sprengel, who was work- 
ing on grasses, may have written the de- 
scriptions of the grasses in Bieler’s paper. 
The century includes many genera in differ- 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U.S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


ent families, from many parts of the world, 
as well as garden plants and a good many 
ferns, mosses, and lichens. But since Bieler’s 
paper was published before Sprengel’s Nova- 
rum Plantarum, he is here accepted as 


author. 


ADDENDA 


Page 821: Transfer “ Aristida pallens (Cav. 
misapplied by] Nutt., Gen. Pl. 1:57. 1818. 
Fort Mandan, N. Dak. [Nuttall]” to page 
821 and insert after (26) Aristida longiseta 
Steud. 1855. A Pursh specimen from the 
Lambert Herbarium, in the herbarium of the 
Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia, named 
“Aristida pallens Cav. ic. 468” and bearing 
on the back of the sheet in Lambert’s script 
“Louisiana. Bradbury.,’”’ was recently ex- 
amined through the kindness of Prof. J. A. 
Ewan. It consists of a single flowering culm 
of Aristida longiseta Steud. Many of Brad- 
bury’s collections on the Lewis and Clark 
expedition are marked ‘Louisiana. Brad- 
bury.” only, “‘Louisiana” at that time being 
applied to the trans-Mississippi region. It 
had been assumed that the collection was 
made by Nuttall. Nuttall had access to the 
Pursh Herbarium, later purchased by Lam- 
bert, Pursh’s patron. 

Page 850: Danthonia purpurea (Thunb.) 
Beauv. ex Roem. and Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 
690. 1817. Based on Avena purpurea 
Thunb. 

Avena purpurea Thunb., Cat. 23. 1794. 
Cape Good Hope, Africa. 

Page 871: Hrianthus giganteus var. com- 
pactus Fernald, Rhodora 52: 71. 1950. 
Based on E. compactus Nash. 

Page 872: Eriochloa lemmoni var. gracilis 
Gould, West. Bot. Leaflets 6: 51. 1950. 
Based on Helopus gracilis Fourn. 

Page 931: Paspalum nicorae Parodi, Nat. 
Mus. La Plata (Bot.) 8:82. 1948. Based on 
P. plicatulum var. arenarium <Arech., not 
P. arenarium Schrad., 1824. 

Paspalum plicatulum var. arenarium 
Arech., Anal. Mus. Nac. Montevideo 1: 58. 
1894. Uruguay. 

Page 982: Elymus pilosus Muhl., Amer. 
Phil. Soc. Trans. 3: 161. 1793. Pennsyl- 
vania. 

Page 983: Panion buckleyanum var. matus 
Lunell, Amer. Midl. Nat. 4: 222. 1915. 
Change of name for “Poa tenuifolia var. 
mator (Vasey), but that name was never 
published, and no specimen so named by 
Vasey can be found. 

Poa viridis Raf., Med. Repos. 5: 353. 
1808. Not Gilib 1792. 


INDEX 


(Synonyms are in italic type. The page numbers of the principal entries are set in heavy-face type] 


Page Agropyron glaucum—Con. Page 

Acamptoclados sessilispicus................ 144, 869 OCCLENtALe aa eae ae 799 

ACH OCLONGCILUCULGLG eels si oe cindy Mente. 887 Emeline he eee eco aay, Icons ean 798, 801 

WAchnatherum miliaceum, ..c.. 2... 2. eee tc ce 910 OV UIVGUEG Sisk SB Ca SEA OE Eee 798 

SOOM PUTOSS oo IES ete Oe eee 906 PPM G MSM ease alo ce crores ec ee 237, 797 

AGPOUB SAS IAL S Sie ae EE Rae ee 184 UM ODI Oc epeee creer Renee lest acre ORCL ene kates 241, 797 

CUP CUHIOUS CRE CES BG A Oe ee 888 IMAGETING CUTS tees ten en ee 287, 797, 798 

AGBPOPUDOADEROCHIS <2 S55 bon Soe DER OO oe 827 WADONICUIN Ae ene 42, 799 

(POKES SEES ORE OI AO ROC Ee ee 828 AOI ADH OAL teres mics Cece Otome Milo Gee 237, 797 

LUESCLECL APR fe AEA ce res rains dhs eyckca  ahavcs Soyorre 829 Ley a oe alk rie ala potas cao er ane ae ee 798 

[PROTA OUOS GESTS SEES ott Sp aE Re aie tn 830 lanceolatum-) = ee ee 797 

ONT SS et eae ICE ere nL 827 Fatiolumienrens cine cio oak cere 239, 798 

FRO GLO OHIS E ape Oa EE ate 830 LechatGM il online ce ee ee 232, ie 

IGOSCROLO meine Se ete Pile bug chk occas bie a levers 830 (MOSSUPUCH Das Soo bnD EDAB OE bo Ae OBO OCU SO OA 

SOOO ES io OS IED aE 830 MOLLE PRI sunt tote neeciecer ee ee 500 

ECTS cS Pe Bey GOO ee eee 830 MOVE OMYMOKEs oSoued ood on Boo ee Ode oo obs 802 

ENG FEA OI OS Ss Saeki Gee ese 245, 796 OCCULETIL@L Cah: Geese of eh RE nie 800 

ROTM OLUCU Mtr ene nh os Sasha ed te 848 TIVO LUG aya tene Smee epee Arey catces oy ane ne coop ge er 800 

Cyl CniC ain earseerin ire ere ks, de apcthioncnsont 245, 796 DOLMNCNUR SS Wrckow com ten Cah eg eA Te 800 

BRUISE GE orp ee oo we a tuccover bod 955 DOIN ET ise GBI ise ccie as cree Die cM 800 

VOCUS SE 5 6 HONE S EE Le eS 926 DATISHI Mey ccceaie ene ere eee ee 242, 798 

SMCOPUGHN: <5 Oe ae a ee Re ERE ae 926 LENO srakeg a Aa er te WA LR A ASD 242, 798 

CONTEND ese Ne Sa a 246, 796 DOUCUNOTALTUN nae ete aerate 230, 238, 802 

SOA WHROMOOU Die & Sad oat ee re 849 DEL 2) Cle ee ee ete coe tae en eee 239, 798 

UELUMC A Shee et el ie hoe E38 leeds stones 245, 796 DTOSERAUULTI VE a nen ee 802 

ANFRO TOO cS FS ee NG ee Gen ee ee ae ee 489, 796 DSCUGOLEDENS es sian ns ee eae 234, 798 

GCemeMnordesey eee Mets Guo leo or sis sh, cususiers 490, 796 COTO OOHLUSo Ree pict tore dare e oats o ico 798 

HOTS IOPURS. 6 RS eo, 796 PUNGENS ees ere Hee eo eee ae ne 232, 798 

CORO DISES So 6 36 oe Ee See 796 TEPCIS see sees ra hor era eaten ae ore 230, 232, 798 

DM SAMD cos CA SSS eG ee, 796 ORUSLALUTIUN ee a Ee 232 

(DO SHNIS 3 SOE RISE ea a at 796 GENIGULALUT Rae one 799 

PUG UAUS CELLS Cae Mee ON Meeeios chs 27s. olelace. clekeuece) alent 829 glaucum saan eee Ie aa Ee ESTE ot Rae 797 

EOI sos SS Bc 6 oe oe cee 490, 796 SS IVETCOT GG ook 5 ava A aS crcl RE 981 

GAICRAGUS Sk oe, ee es ae 491, 796 MOMORGLO NS cpors casi meee we eee 981 

VHOISAUB So 8 EOS ESA OO Eee 796 DULOSUIME Hr Miers ae Ce OR EE 799 

PMnicanernillecee meh we ee 501 PUIGETUS: 1c Pliovs nncaiahenahenss ateyteteae ho onaver 798 

AGRA ORD OMUSa6 5 oe ee 806 SLOLORGPENUIN --.)08 5, cic cheielte la gehehe opueeeee tae eters 799 

COMMAS CRESS SE ROCR SR ee 804 SLOUICHON Dan hie ao bb a Goo ba bo Do oOo 799 

PANG SLUSHOLO Ode ers ee aes ie cing ce cesie Gbiapre ans 803 NeverNaGChisc wens ane 799 

COU IUA Eg Ee Cas aePN aL SoH reo s. > Soeaceveuzvonete vel 804 SCLULETULTM ei Sierseel atin ce eleanor cst era 799 

TOC TUGIUS Ps os ee tn re ee eke, See 805 DOUG EVOL LIT so odes anced ee 799 

ODDIKGTF OH DAO sik re 5 Oe OS ee ee 819 LOMER LING a hog Gro dete iE Oise eer 802 

VONULCULLOLL st IO oN A de a's irene 808 TUCK AT CSON A HE ae Aen ite Geen eRe ene 800 

UU LUSIR MME PM eis ous ine ay nsec oscarat bess ak siiukee are 980 COLLAEU IN io ee RO ae 801 

ANERECYORAROIONS no oes One las Ape eine nn 239, 796 DULL DUMUTIES 1 205) Vs eer 6) diel dee ater Cee ee EEE 802 

MOM CAINSS 6 cio 5 ci a ae 237, 796 ELDATIU MA Weer. G4: tents 34 a6 Sie, + oI 236, 799 

HOG OULD 5: Bo STOLE Oe ae 801 SAMUMNGSrSii ah anne cence cues aly crenata ee eee 243, 799 

CRADICDNDs 6 ss Sock 6 on oie oT 254, 863 SAxdC Olan y pad Mayle, cou, ea ea tain 242, 799 

ATEUZOMUC UTM Neier aee ea lcs cus che, oe Sevens 241, 796 SCHIONERIE asc eee  e 240, 799 

DRI. » clos Seo ey oon oes SOMO ee 239, 796 SOMICOSLAtUTN i.e vey omen 242, 799 

lUTIOVAUIAN 5.75. ows caded bg elegance ee eee 239, 802 SibITICUIMas 24 cecteke to ae 232, 799 

VNTR on or EE OOS 801 SULANUOUD ESM crc Pe ce lar ete ai Sn Re ee 799 

CWE 5 vs 6S Bo be Le ee - 798 STACI Ne ee yeas a ves Sea cee 230, 234, 799 

RAV CH OOD. So ob Barolo 6 Ce a ee 801 MAT OL Seepage ce eee ened hoes aeES 235, 800 

COON MUDD a, BS 6 ee & So Le ee 801 DAlMenines, ce ae cae eae eee 235, 800 

QUINT 5 o 6 5 cine OSS ob eee 230, 238, 796, 801 PUDGRUUN Uwe ee xen etre ie oes 799 

CHOU 5 0.5 8 es ee 801 CU DUCO RATT as eee he OR OE ee 800 

GHUPOGWHIS6 6s FESS OD ae 801 BpIGA tum es wars aa ae 230, 240, 800 

PAO ss aS Od 6 oo oe EO OO oe 798 ATAZONI CUM Wee ee ee 796 

(MOGULS £ os ted RO OC OO 798 LIVETINE Nee ona oP etek ENE Ee 241, 797 

[(OORCOOMOCLS SE ESE pra OOO 802 MOU Gt ra sil cceic katana sleaete: EE 800 

DL OSUIOLULUN UM Sia siete teens cnc Ne bles alee 802 DOLM OTIS Meron ge wie ee OE 800 

UTI RTOS RE = ea ee peel ten 798 TITUTE QUOD chs. 0's: chose agi coleuals ei) os aeT ORC AER 798 

COMES SSER ESE SE OS Cn 796 DULDETALLENUILI eterna een Te 800 

(DU DOSOTID So 6 SRS ss PS Oe 801 PUbDEeSCENSs)..aten Gade Ha eee 241, 800 

RVCHURGS ON es One ee ae 801 CONUS ICI ache eee 800 

ECTUCTUIN ER RCTs) cree Monae his, hese 88 802 DUS CUI arsears coo ie. vane ear Oe Oe EN I 800 

CHMOR NT Os 6s As ae 801 3 DUTUG Cd Pecan tI eee 800 

HOP UUGIG ise aE ee ee 802 SLUG OSU ese Oe Cee eee 800 

WITHIN. SS 5 SoA OOS a ee 801 Subsecundumay yas cee eee 230, 238, 800 

CURES CSA ee 801 pahinwilhnocascoceoubboooaue 238, 797, 801 

DUOLOSC CIES TE eee ee ee are ick 801 SUDvULLOSTIN RN ae Cee een eee 797 

CLIstavuimece pees os Seen face 231). 2382. 797 LOTVCR LUM RIN ee ee Nee 230, 238, 802 
dasystachyuil sa c-ser ss os... s ee 230, 235, 797 Culvahinias fo hse oe ola a ee 802 

SHAD OULOSUTO, ES cohen Se Bn eet 797 Longtfoliiin. once. conn see Ee 802 

GESEECO RUT eee eee a ica Cases 231, 797 IUOOTUU MM inioicic me eae ute Ged cas ees TS ee 798 

OKI 53 HSS RSS SR Ee 800 MUTUS MA Me ere custo os ge ale. oe See 802 

WOAMOS 6& ES BUSES Bo ee ae 797 NMOVUC=GM GUUS Ne isc other suaiy eiace als Rade eae 802 

UAWB 6 66S ho BEE Oe 800 DSEWAONE DEMS isc cine aie Gain n a ners 798 

COUT NCHS SoCS Ot Cb DO OOD eee 800 trichocolewm ranean ee a eee 802 

ClIMeTIR Se ee ie a es eataieias 236, 797 LELVASEGCHY SH Pat oe a es ee 798 

SLCZULGS UTC ape AES Siete SUES ina 799 CRACHUCOLON AA er ieee ee Cee 802 

QULUCT TUM EE ene he he crs usdy chishene 797 trachycauilumisian venue neienieien eee 230, 238, 802 

1001 


1002 INDEX 


Agropyon traehycaulum—Con. Page , Agrostis canina—Con. Page 
CAETULESCENS Sas eke ta fe one ate ere 801 SLOLONULCTO tien eee eee 804 
CULT eae ce ee eee 801 tenellan Boiscsc tee ne ee eee ee 804 
ETILALOUL cc ettie ns ete ince cee eater 802 capillaris:# 442... 0 sce ten ee 341, 809 
GUAUCESCENS Zeal cok fe here eae ee 802 QPUSEOLG 24) 35.0 che 2 3g sous Fi EE Ce oe 809 
GQUAUCWIN Se Saar seo tocass Pate Se ae oe 801 Ontstulatas ete 4 he Oe 809 
PATSULUMN 2 Se oes aac oats to eee 801 caryophylleatn ie aoe cae Ce eee ee 809 
MAILS recta s eres i oe eres 802 CLIN he enn ee ee re ee 846, 847 
MOUAE-ANGUGE. sauthn cb reel isle tee 802 clandestina® :28). ace oe coon eee 963 
MULOSIGUULIME sro Sioa. sts 8 cla cote Ene 801 COMPDIANGIG, i BE ee ee eee 846 
LOM OT AULT aot, AN Leh ce rene ae ee 802 COMPOSILAS < AIST Pe he Eee 911, 962 
LTUCROCOLEUIM ee eet Soo ck ee ence 802 COMPTCSSO Nijoe a es ats a svcnenston cist orate 825, 907, 964 
UNULGLETGLE. coh tists oie shed thee eee 801 CONCINNG 5 SoS See ee ee 804 — 

ELICHOPHOLUMenee a: ee ee eee 237, 802 CONGENSOLGD. i Ook ame Cee eee 808 
ELILICCUM Ree. see ae ee on tee 230, 232, B02 COTIVUCOTLOC ee ee a ee 807 
unilaterale eee hcd ay Raed Mow Sa nsf sens Nk eae re Nee ae ee 801 CTUDEANATD sins ett hs a eee 963 
VASCUB EE Ae ee Ante ee 241, 800 CYlindricdss 2% ce hehe ce eee 981 
DLOLACCULT Vee tess re eee che ee 239, 802 QUYUS Astin SoA R eo eee eee 805 
DMOLNUN TS sero hev oie Deen Anke 801 debilisseh ct oh.) eae eee eee 903 
CONUNOLCES ame ne yee ee ete ee 801 decitmbensa a. eet ee ee 806, 807, 808 
LOUGULIME oe ee ke ee ee 798 densiflora sas ee ee eee 348, 804 
MULT U Serta re ans ve ee epeccne Bde e hte ee 802 OLCNGTIO . Wom oo PES. oe eee 804 
VUOLASCENS oro dia cis © s-Sis aes hoe OS a laos 801 Lettorqlis. ccc ccc Boke ae eee 806 
SVULDINUIN petite emcee ce 237, 802 Gepressa@cr eee ce ee 806 
IN BTOSEIC EACH a) Mepchetinrccstcucncnctciane’s dh shototolbtihte all 20, 313 diegoensiss2a2 fs). fen. 0) aa eee 346, 804 
INETOSLISMttrs eo telelarcaicro ht eee tee esas e 332, 334, 803 POLLOSG Ri keie iibeseie iy da ee ELE 804 
GUAKANENSIS Ra ee ee ee ee 807 Gust ee ee Pe en ee 809, 906 
MeCUIVAlVIS Aaa. cite ee ee eee. 338, 803 Gtgutatas BAe eos ee ee ee 847, 854 
DUIS es erevene eR ei Ocoee ae aes SI See 981 OGSDOnE DS ev ce Oe OE Oe 803 
GUT OLAES Aa ree ke ae he ake eo ee 962, 976 distichophillas se .n 2 ete oe eee 899 
77h oy Ne reer OA Ree AS Eee a ee re 334, 341, 803 GOMUNGEMSIS. eens bee oe ee eee 963 
ORUSUOLD seen Hoa ae aes aha Odi Seokinetens 803, 809 anummondi san 2s so eee eee 981 
OGUSILG OT. Soe wishes cit hoes Sisto cena 803 CLAD Sona bcc ok MOR Ee Oa ee Oe 803 
COULCLOLG Sarre ees. Soe eee 807 ClLeqgans noe oe eee ee eee 807 — 
CECUIMDETUS Ste os os teeta Bon Ayame eae cos 806 elliotilana::c2f 222 hen 342, 804 
AUS DOI ACE Vere ee Fe OL inane 803 CLONG ALA. sh Se bes eee | se Ue 
110] OPER Pee tie oe ees 803 CT OCIA S Biko onde Se oe oe eee 831 
IUATALUTIUG ss 5 are 5 aes Ae abe ete cee see Bones = 806 CneMOPNUG. 2222 ee ee ee 899 
AVUUTVOT pays een a oso 809 OXATATAS is sk oc wa aes so O04, O44 OA SESE 
DALUSUTUS coke ee eects Ste ee ketone 806 MDG we ee ee eee 803 
SLOLOMULENs Stasis csstoree cizes eR ae ee eee 809 aspertfolid@as Sit at 2 ee ee ene 805 
SLE CEOS Ie eee ea eh ND ce eee es 809 lathoralis:: 55% Mok es ee ee 806 
SULVGELCO tees eves were cies eRe es 809 MIUCTODNULLGE 2 ne el oe eee 806 
DERLUCTLLAL OC ae ee eto eee ee oie te 808 MAN OT fr resittckscs Oe ieee ta Oe ee 805 
DULG ETUS ea arcla tore ee oe ee tee 809 monolepist Ass sao t co ee 347, 805 
OnDStAldian Dome seh ste ee 804 PACifica: See sa S oe. one eee 347, 805 
SLOLOILU} CLs Met selene tie eee 809 PUTPUTASCENS. 222. 2c ee eee 805 
OLOUCONS Eas cee eee tets src Woh Se Me pes 805 TOSSAER S525, ne eee 807 
PUG UO emielore sxcaiass tyes east, Ai ave eho. aye a3, 935 _ StOlOntf ends 82S ayeia sc be areoie ea een 806 
Glopecuroides:. 2.55 = ete ee ee oe 806, 945 OXIQUSS. oes os C ee ene ee 343, 805 
BI TISSIINA «is crea A Ane ae 351, 803 CLDANSOE 28 Fb See ee BO ee eee 901 
LOT tte sa elie Sty eae 981 PESLUCOIDES nS os oo 8 A ed en ee 902 
AMP] aera ee ee es kets oe 347, 803 filuculniss: 2.2 ho ee ey ee 805 
TOIL OLED). Sea eee rnd et 805 Silepormisis coe ob badd 8 wee ee ee ee 903 
CNEMOAGiOSIUS oe ee 819 POLLOSGES CANONS At Se Ae ee 804, 903 
BTULCTI IL DUC eg 819 [RONRAOSA hited skon dS hae ee ee 901 
SDUCC-DENL see See ee 819 GEMANALG? < okies tee ee ee ee 808 
TOMO ISN tae Aer 218 BAe Bayar ae 807 CLOTISIOG coo one ee eee 808 
NOTIN TET EEA EY TE a Le 805 GUGANLEO Mieco a dion Ce ee 341, 803 
DELO Oa ce Newt eco ecdiveen scan) Nek ee 905 QUSDON 3S une oalabeletoe: Wie tie hets ee eee 803 
COQUCLL COR ecinis eye sa one ee oe Cs 808 GLAUCH Fok so ere ee aA eee 840, 902 
OU.CCLUOLCLCU ae tte ete ee ee 900 glomeratas cites ts lecee ee Geen ee ee 348 
OVOCHILOLAES Hee ee ee eee 804 OV ACTIAS owe Ee © cab eee 0 tooo, eS Ae 819 
OTCNOTIC MARA 8 ARTA de ooh an ee 804 OT ATMOUS SN YB. bbe dials, alee ce ee 347, 805 
ATISUIZUIMIS eee ae ee eee 344, 803 halhiecs Noe oc he ee ee eee 345, 805 
(oy Late Asc Ses Pu te ae ge ay re Pea Rae Ae tN 962 COLUSOT NICO... ss cise che «aie nie REO 806 
ASDCTMULOILGs ees cee tie aoe eee oe 805 DIINGeLS cd een oe oe ee Oe 345, 805 
QL OLOMA GC Cn a ee 809 hendersonitesse ee ae ee eee 343, 805 
CUCRUOL@ Mee eae Seer eee tie 806 heterolepis,. 3 3.442424 fo be lee eee 963 
ULSUT CLUS eee attacks A cee ie ee ee ee 878 hiemaliss - coos. ieee eee 349, 805 
SVENACC Ars thea: ot dc tetas Reuters ioe 337, 803 geninata’s . 2 a eb Oe ee ee eee 808 
OOET Reet ee ee en eet Le ODS TOU: nutkaensis.< 3202. We ee eee 808 
DAT OOLG RR Ae ite a eng eee 906 hallebrandzt 362.0 = 2 ake, Sie oc Oe 809 
DeTmnUAtan Ge ee ea 849 Hoover: 3 ois kis ee eae ee ee 348, 805 
blasdaleii sericea 346, 804 howellingi-A.. 255.28 Meg eee 348, 805 
Boeck lero seks share BS, 5s Se 882 humilis. \.7 3 als Vee eee ere 341, 805 — 
OLGA lisa ecard ne 353, 804 hyemalistvars elata?s.2....02<2 eons 803 
AMETICONG M3 ee eS Eee 804 GOMANGlas.2. Cs. ee Sea een Oe 808 — 
MEACTANUNG nets ee ee 804 Keweenawensts...... 202.006 0ce es see 808 
LY NUCE nai Riek Pr 804 Oreo Dhilas.6 APA Ss Ot aero: eee 807 
Dreviculmishecsecs eee ee eee ee ee 346 idahoensiss score eee eee 349, 805 
DYEVES OIL arc sasdiore. one eo ero ee 900 SNCUTVOLDS ieee ee Eee 926 
COLCSPLLOSCy otetetene <n ile ee ee Cor 907 INRALCD sash oe Oe 963 
CAlLONNICA a a as.ce0e eee ee 348, 804 C1 flatae SEERA 2 AS MUSE ee Se eee on outa 
COMPYLE A Teke ce cle ss wie apse ahs 807 antermediant clot. vo Te eee ee eee 807 
CANINA Cee ate te er a ee 334, 352, 804 anterrupias 32.0% 2.0 2s Oe ee eee 818 
GEQUIVALVIS: 5,5 cu ok dete eee 803 Anvolitas 226-25 SEP Ue eee 962 
DING Pp avlere Seon een Oe ee Pee 804 GUND a cfave:s cies sieves HS ve bi te Oe ee ee 9 


RUCMONS ca Vag vew ines vviKe PEI ee Pa EAE 805 kennedyana Cs PS Oe EOL) rete ot 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1003 


Agrostis—Con. Page Agrostis scabre—Con. Page 
VALE HUTLON Os On Meme atch tel erent es halal al efsp ar screralay eras 901 OL COD GR ech e nve in oC Eee 808 
LLU OTTUUS ead St oe ecient eiah sins 903 DET ENMNAMS tal crea ee oe eter 807 
Latipoluaen-ca rac tects ears sacar sat esl Sil ale) eri 847 VOTUUUSI VA nates eraiatel see ote, aieverer neon nr rerievals 808 
HOcOMPP DMS ayy oars shishetiar els seers! are cia) cvapebous vs 807 LUCKER MAN pee one 808 
GRO ORO oo. ONG OED RIE SORE EE Ca 805, 807 SCOOT OLG REN | Sloe ea ON ay ea teh en a ae 808 
GOOG MOS, SAS Seals OE EERO 808 SCabniUSCULGMEeae ea ee 808 
PLOTLUCIUG ET Re na oe oe slier eicoreiscsoustances 808 SCRICCEAN GA Ra Ne Sanne oe coe 807 
ERO ARGH He RIG: GEN Can aa EO GRRE a 808 CAFU LR IG heeterie pee iAiein ch tse er iand eral Gib chai 806 
CETLUS PE ok ee tees 808 SCLWEUN TZU GOR a oe 807 
LORGITRD Ss SEES IRDA REE DRE ACO nse 878 SCOULCHICT TOE een ee 347, 805 
Neral leaner ra ene ais atl cneraronsvaveecetecaeneas 345, 806 SCT ETA eee aan eet eee eee ee 351, 807 
WE DEOSTIAR EE Co eee cre wie Rae alspe ee eetirajieteve 805 Semiverticillatacine sc accdtos soci 338, 808 
IBC ORAN Sesto ee cle eet cicero gs aati 965 SCRUCECO VA TO oe re 
LOTR LURES SS BRS b SE Oe tas 901 SCROLL NG HA ME renee aol let oe Ae ier ORT RES 907 
HOTT CUCL CESS, Sere 68 Nd Same P ne Pa ERS RE Aa 962 SCLOSA a oe mee A tae ciao 89S, 902, 903 
Merve inal ae are eee eeu obese) 2: al soa proses 353, 806 SOUOLIV CN eke sameotss Sree nya Le Ee 906 
RM MUS UT ALT Sem ecrsr we Meee ceo, ole eiclene. cus eon’ 354, 806 SDUCOVENEVE Moker inc ct cassette ee eee 818, 998 
NVOTUGUING 2 es ea ets adr UL aera eehaiiemeet cal 339, 806 UNLETRUEDLGE ee eee ee 818 
PROUCUL OP a aera tO eit aloes nee ceon ee 980 stoloniteraesaeeen nt rn ene 334, 338, 808 
REED DIGS & co okt A CE eee 969 ORUSLUG CTO errata aa oars eee 803 
NAB O TIN Oh sc gl pct NEI R va eR RRR ea 903 COM DACEO Te teraie aun cre iore eer ere eke 806 
TUALLY BL, BS Lae aOR ee 807, 981 NUT OTR Pr ey Le Oars of ceareeare te teen sae uen pee 803 
WOH BO LOORER Beak eee Ree REE ee 80 MOTUUIN Ge nn Oe ee 806 
(EUG DOLUIT Wiig. OS oo SL OO EO 903 TUL TUOT Ste Ee ae 809 
MICTOPMGlavrow s Metis ose cles os... O44, SOG DOVUSEnUS ce nee a a etenees 806 
ETUC ETSON TIGR Bes Poo sieves eet ee: 2 805 DOTEUCUULCLG iret ee OTIS 808 
CORA IOGE Gh el Sew EE ne 806 DULG ATUSE We ee ee tone 809 
STARE M YORE 3) SCO San eek Leo aR 344, 806 SURTCLG Traine A aeseun is eens tia aida ed cee lore eran ere 809 
IN ROSD TULL Bae LO EL OE OS CEL 903 SYULUALUCU I eR eee 809, 906 
IGA 6 5g Bas eB tk Bi RE Oe 910 CCTLULCULINUS Ne Le ee ee ees 805 
ES CLIOTOUL Sik Riehl os Ge A, FT 897 TOCEO re a te eo re ene ooR 
LOOT LLUS STL 5S ee cr OBE tetera Me 904 COM UAPLONG cree nine helo aie shea Are nets 906 
WIC LEUCO ILLUS pape Me ER Re TR acl ere!) ce cytes ee aed 804 CENUTS ORS ee ee a Oradea 334, 341, 809 
Me DULOSAC REMI eee ret eM, ate okies 354, 806 AIS ata eee oe eee 341, 809 
LIT OME OH ORAM eI Hee Le xe relsce cs asker sagne. « 341, 806 ACO Oot Ca Ane Bee SE ad eae TEd CMU R re ett el A ial 805 
MOOT SUAS As BOR Be ORO Tacs 808 OTUSEOEG Oa i ean ast OES 809 
COOLIO (GW Os os Op be eee 804, 807 CHECEO A ea fee re Vino try Se 805 
MLOUCOONUCCIUSTS RAI Cae ee ine ene 807 LETLULUSSUN Daa te oe ee ae: 964 
TUES Sb oo ha rae ew SC LSE eon eC 911 GHUGLDOECLIAN AMS ett ee oiee iene einie 338, 809 
TULLUC LEN SUSIARR NT oe PE Tete ee aS swabs 807 URYTSOID ES a rao a eee 964 
DOOR HLT 5 3. ba, of aPC OR I ee 961 COTTE CL arses ret ayia ear cote acae Smee re ae 907 
SUBIC CTD »:-5'a aie tin. BEE OS OE EC oe 805 CORRECTED AC INE tor ee ACH eae eT 808, 907 
OTUMUGBS boo 0:8 Oo oO OO IDE OEE ee 981 ERVCRO DOGS we Acme erie nie a can orate 900 
ORE ROMEMSIS/ OF cis cust mc wielayate eke eels « 334, 351, 806 Varia bilisnemryae sere titi ee 334, 346, 809 
ORAHORCOSIS 0.55 6 0p AOS > ERO OO: 805 OLEH AUCH PET ROMETS eta ey ERT RE RC COREE RL Si Bran 809 
OLCOD OPP Ree ein ee ene 807 VENEOS OP Ay RNR ests Mere ee dct lee tect ene toners a 
MALES e ree eo eee ores oa 345, 806 VENETLCOSOR RAH atio nc eee Se Ee 
JOOS 5 cisco BO Cp BE I ORO DENECULLAta ent tni ra hsiene tied erate 338, 808, O79 
LSC mee NI, Ss etek eon cer eeas 804 DULLAT STU Ae Mee Peres Alt mere nig apa ce nee 
PAIS Grist ee eee eee 334, 339, 341, 806 VULLOS Caen cceh atisigstans Canoe: Cece Sree ST OTE ae 970 
SHPUCLOS SES Oh ot CRG S SION RE ERRNO ate eG Eee 809 virescens microphylla........+.+++--+++ee 806 
TORU PE MOGE! & or oesocero ob cor ae Choe NCR RO EES OO 981 DUN GUILUCOI Ue es aaa ee EN en eae 965 
FRIBSlis Ouro G 6.6 COD 8 EDC Oe ODETTE PER Scie Ceo 808 DURLOUS ROEM RTURG Tee Sd So OE CA 981 
DELEMM AN Shere a ee re ney er a scot siete 350, 807 VU ATUS Panta ae RON cc el ee A en eee 341, 809 
CESHDOLISH ee ee: 351, 807 QTUSLALG ae aa a eee eines 809 
AUNCTOD NOT UM ee Akos eetole oe coe 807 SLOVONULETG eh cere ere ene REE 809 
CHUCLO DOR ORM er PI ee ofl, Sees 351, 807 | Agrostoidea, group of Panicum..............-. 700 
AiG bo oe 6 6 BGA Eee OE, COE oe 803 AGTOSLOMMUG UATOALUMAARIE falece eit Meee eee 846 
[LETERIIES x § oe BR ich age b eNO RAC ROS SO PPA rate c.g epee eed aor oes Be ee ence eae 297, 809 
IUCKERULO CUP ERT E ES ee ns Lea ee ie 80 Gegulopsovd esha. Mees eee ene eee 846 
PONDVCD Gn 0.0 '6 6 62 SRO as cROREN OL TORI aE Eee nene 804 QUDTCOUOG ear oe ies tcl ele tecene ae shen Ronen ees 852 
MOLYMOTDNA VAT; DAVUSETIS. <0. 5... ewe bene 806 LEDER eee ee etka nto eae ererserc 883 
DOM GOGOD o.0' ois ois HO Oo OE EO CO TOOT 897 CIMOUGUC EN ena aa ae aee eerste ere 852 
DOUG OND so bee bo bce DE I eee 911 EGUCLUCO HUA he ais eee totals tee one 844 
CECOL ae Re SBS kl TR 810 AUSLATIS ao Re De ee 945 
[EULESS SO IDN RRS ecoDIOILD SEE Eee toe: 805 QRCLICGI EAE Severe ee ee ne ae ee 852 
DEL OCCHORMAPA TTA Ee ie a Os ee ees 872 ORUSEULGEO TS hore ce ee eA Te 852 
DSCUCOURECIINEA TG ran ee et pea et kes oes. > 807 ABUROPUBDURCU ea era nee ree ere 851 
LOUTUCLOLO MTA oP Pree totic ee 872 brevifolia stn Ske oe Gere eat enone 938 
TOON ERDS 0 6 '0 80 0 Gkcle BiG CRAIS EAReln Sin ape 965 (RUA ROT ICH Ns tore don ny ap amen e ry cecaruneten HGS eR BIALOtG,o Cid o'C 898 
DUD ILEASCEITS Hite Pe eee kee ecto rs 914, 965 COESD LCOS so celts Boake eo DIR asec 852 
DULCINUGLUUS HA ARE SIT | ha tecteek a hc wwe se 965 QMO EGU Aa a ELE eA AUNT reer 852 
DURCTOUGAGLO MA EN WERE ip Sara sa ence ats 965 NCLUCUA Mere are ea eae ea ekeaene 852 
TOG VON 56.6. a Gio OL IEEE OLY ONES ERR ED 904 CETLULUNG See he ee a hee eee RIT 852 
ROI TIED. Gio: 6 ot be 6 DseSE ROR aD eae Re 846 MO TUEN GN ied ee hake hee eae tere 852 
TOMLOSB 6.6.0, 6.6.6.8 06,0) OE OR OI RCRA ana 872 COLCU ULM AS Te renee eae RE nee 853 
PEDIOLOD oh o-6, Git: Con 8 ROPES OP NEN a a noe 806 CONMESCENS Wer torn Parsee soloists Cerne eeeee 848 
MELLOW CLO teg eaters koto). nila, ae ene ate 338, 803 CODULA CCAM ster tele Gost totchute st arsmel ere 866, 960 
ROSSAC HEE erase Oa een oe sn) oe 342, 347, 807 CADULOTUS Seed aes pheno ei ete ee EEG 299, 810 
TUDIGUTIIS 5 8 Oe 6S Se DOR OE oe 900 Caryophylleamyed. cite oe aero eee 298, 809 
TORR 5.0.5.0 Obtod OR GNE Scie RE REI OCA eS 804 CESDIULOSG ROAM Ane A) aS a ercpeueuelere se eve 852 
OSOHIDBS 65 Obs RED UD ne 804 COM DIOGO Re Aa en eee eee 846 
OUTUBRO s © ob tp BR AO OO Oe 804 COMDTCSSAR ethers Green de ates eoetnere eons 981 
RTOS HOTS Sue 6 6 pySic epcta ny ets ICN Ce eC RnR HEH eaiee a 804 CONETOVENSOR AA Stn ltrs Sel velo acer onete Nu ctceanere 960 
SOB) OPED a 50.0: agro IO tae BE Lce HOHE EA eee 349, 807 (AUSAON AG he S Bee RENCONTRE BIS IO ORO IO Cra SO 887 
LEMINALA EWN rise Gate oe. 349, 808 CUTEUFOLUOM NS is ne Cee MT OER ene 852 
BRUT OITA obo6 0 8 OOH BORO DOGS 808 danthonioidesma ee ele 853 
OMEN GER EL MR. cic eae oS 808 le Ra NS spit wee Hee oc ree eleeerens 299, 810 


1004 INDEX 
Aira—Con. Page | Alopecurus howellii—Con. Page 
CLOND ALOT echt. oO eee 85 METTEMOANES Ste ae ee ee 810 
LELILOSG tae «cae eke ees the ee Sele 853 INLETTUDUUS AS sch on ed PE ee 945 
MOUUSIUGTLET ALIS ies cis c ers «oe cuss was Secle eee = 295 MUACOUNAL Posie ds Ste eas ate EEE Cee. 811 
GACT react oe Oicem eerie oracle arr 887 MOTLLINUSE soe ake oreo crate ce ete eee ete 945 
MOLCUIORINAUSs ae arcs ae Sie oreo Oe ee 853 MOTUS PCLUCTUSUS Ciaicitte ale ectste ee 945 © 
LOUCUS=LONOLGE 2 Arnette emere tects iat 885 MV OSULOIMES!.)...% «ete n e eehenish eee 358, 811 
LOVCTES=MOW Settee te letaoteee ta ae ace eeenesaes 885 OCCIGENLGIIS Ss wos oat oo eee eee 810 
BIUCOM1 DUCLO ersten ates Site eaters obaiease. aoa 918 Pallescenss. 2. ceo eek ORR Eee 359, 811 
OLCOTT Pa cae ocd ok eT 947 EDGES hee ee Ry eee OCA Ee 810 
LOLUIOLL Oe eee ae ee ee eee Knees Gieiale 851 DLAteN SIS: eos: es ol eee oe 358, 811 
MLATOTSSDs COCSDULOSH . aie tea eats, alate eis)a0e ic) ote te 852 ALDESETUS A ese hikes shares ch excie forego ene 810 
ATELECOULELES 0a apnea eR oiareken sie ole eeaentice 976 VETULTECOSUS Ne vais sete oe Fee 810 
METICO NGM ona tiene ene eee ene 961 TAMOSUS HA oar ek ee cts oie oe Eee 359, 810 
OTLLSSUNUC LE ee ee ee Ee ree 939 TEN Glee ee ot ee eee eee 361, 811 
DTLOLGUS eee Se Metts Oy A ete ace wn eee 885, 960 SACCATUS.". ccs Aelasis ost Peete ees eee 360, 811 
AVUGULOTIS hee een ae ee ele Peters eek 981 SUDOTISLOLLUS2 ocle he ee ee eee o> CLG 
DENOTE rach OR ON aR PPOR ee cice ae Cee ERR Ty ETRE 960 UETUCULOLUS An aie he picket co ee eee 811 
DOUURU oterg sos ie ayaeeta aaa feyn eae aay Poke ale ede aa VETATUCOSUS aces ods Meningeal de eee 810, 878 | 
OULUSOL@ ee ee ete Alpinae, erouplol-Loasey... 085.2286 see 126 
{ANG Die 8 8 6 en OR Ba. 285, 286, 287, 961, 03 Alpmeiblitestass sci. ects scene ice a ee eee 128 
OLUSTOLE Meee ee an ene A op nat a eae FESCUE 2 eye Petia 6 51s eset RSA eS ene ot 58, 75 
DLN UCE enh RS SO eae es ce eee 39 : foxtalieacn ss oe cee Ao olor ec oo 359 
{OOD mie) bie Des Ome bie a So Ria io arnt 853 OF Gatien Ng ae 302 
DENNSYLVANICE...... + 00s eececceccscrcmscss 960 Gimoth ys sce ssa cee siesecr ee eee ees et ee 367 
ULCCO Ree te eh eee on ere ae 297, 810 Al tatiescucl.s. see ee ee MENT. - 67 
FETE OGL IW oro ca eR Ee EO RR ae AMDUjLES COCTULLEC a= acces sels eeiniciee ene eee 898 
DULRDILT CO tee eR ee A eis eee ae 974 AMericaniGUuneerass. «0.5m as oecieins 2 cues 251 
SCT OLUTUG eet te yeas oe aoe eae 981 MANRALTASS 1 se see ieee ee ee 82, 86 
SPECLOSAMER OTe sen Saber ie 981 jNorteroyoableV wey ken enone aoa n abn cuobe bos 329, 811 
SDUCALG AS dee ones nee es elae Sata en 947, 977 ATCNATIAN Sh. 6 eva 22 2 nals a oreeepsi eee eee 329, 811 
SULUSDUCOLO Med ete tee ete ayo ene 977 GTUNGUNACE er ane te ee ee 8 
LEUNOTO MEET Cine eee 939 brevaliaulataers ssc eee eee eee 329, 811 
LRCOLUWINES eaten ie Cacao te aE coke eae eens 964 DreviPUlts. ace 6 Eee ae eee 843 
LIGUETCOLG  e 961 CUTUUSSTUE ais 5 oh on i a ee 843 
USE OIL etn eRe ee Meee 853 CON GUIOIIG sob nt cB sss els Oe eee 844 
PACT ELLOACH DULL ATS nea: meteor Neen aetna cet 810 AmpelodéSM@:. a. .n.4 4+ sec ees eee eee 190 
COLUODMULLEG ae Lack e es ete cue einen 810 Ampelodesmos mauritanicus............... 189, 811 
DEGCECOLS En ero teiate ec ete eek 810 CONG eos Bid ol ele ee ee Oe 811 
ACTOCHLOUACTIUSLOL@ aes ot ie teint aah eee sieie oe nae eee 887 Am DRUCOTDOIMA» ieee este ease oe eee 735, 811 
GLALCULUS RN EN. ORE Tee ee uel Soke eae 887 QUMPNICAT POs ase se eee 735, 811 
FAUT ODSUS OTEULFOLLG = ee ee sg sls vir eieicic)e 6 eas cians. s/s 938 OTMIONUN. 20k ee ee eee 735; oe 
CODULCGISOE CER a nee oc 810 Am phicanp umes sets scr eae eee eee 735, 811 
CORUODNULLCC eee et ee ae nteicrere cies 809 muhlenbergianumM... <6 acs ieee 735, Sill 
DULL SOLO RE TS eT cron esi 961 DUTSHI ose ee lee ee 735, 811 
DT LECOL SM for eles ee ec eee ee 810 Amphilophis, section of Andropogon........... 767 
A ASKaRONIONSTASSH poe piel arenenerneteices soot ven atees 195 Amphilophis barbinodis.......5..6 2.06045 soda 812 
WTC Goren eed ated eee eee eet ee Peo ee 245 CMETSUS!. 55. & Wa oe iik oe eee Oe 815 
INNES S Nie AR Oe Beet Rance eee rane ee Ri So 3 CLGTIUSLOLUS 44. oss ss eile ee ieee 812 
OL AGS HL et ie Tees coment 445 LeucopOg0M.. 6.16 542 see ee ee eee 812 
AS CrIAMIeO Arent secketemelcacde cass acto deueioe tows sues 300 DETFOTOLUSS.. Sores se atske ASS CCE 815 
INT Goro ARS on cain oon aan ho ad momene 138 SUCCROTOULES: ca nce ee eee oe ieee 815 
COLO ETASS Maye eae eis oes ee ae 513 LOTMCYUGTLUS. -.. sie aie ee cle eee ee 815 
AMI Ea eG S aes nhc Gu coro hae 5 Dees oa ad. ADNEG NEG «2 slate tee ete ee ee 818 
ING Gay Tee pete terete ree eects eres «eens 80 Anastrophus COMPPeSSUS.......00000cccccceeas 825 
SACHUOIM ee dae rca ere eicee.yobeteien cite eueoere 428 PUTCALUS 05, ee Sorte 6s wae See 826 
VEE NG Nec es Oe ae a noite thd ces ec eae ors Ae Ee 77 DUS DOLOULECS eee = iene eee ee 596, 826, 599 
ALLOLALRETIOS GMOIGUUS. 2 5a oe ee. acs cles clse ee se 882 UGE CHULLES = aie eats oe ee oie ee 826 
ATGUSCOLULS MEER Ren eT ORE Fe Sie aes RN ER eae 882 Anat herum MACTOUTUTN Us otek: 2 vin cle ohsieiare ieee 813 
VEDELGOUCLE Snr en tnt ee ee eee ere 881 TIVUTUCGLILIUA tera haste eet iets Eitan 979 
FAN QDECUTUS Mapetetaies oie teieieiete ore munkete Meer enerece: 358, 810 URUPSACOLACS oe as ee oye elie) oleic ei ciate teen 865 
ACQUSSHee ee eee ee ee 358, 359, ot VET TUNVUCUTIE sores ésiers o piaye borne nae See een 817 
ENS os cre Cg aa hae ae DORE Oren cos 810 ZESUTULOULES sens ce eioiore cho. in ce renee eee 979 
A OREStUSMeNe trate Pic eee teers ences eters 258, 811 Andropogon=: 22 2se.2.- 5 asc eee eee 749, 811 
PINUS eee eee er ae ae eae 359, 810 OQLDESCENS. 10 5c Ae Oe ee ee Cee 956 
aristatus var. monspeliensis......0..00 02s 945 GLONECUTOUES.... oe. 1c eles + 2 sein rete cies eee 870 
ATAStULGLUS ee ene ee ee ee 800 oO QMDUGUUS. -.ciae bc) she sols see I Ee 881 
METTUAIL Pete at ae ee en i ote ee 810 anNULatUS.s acc ne wets Se otis cere eet 770 
TALL TSH NA os ee ee 810 ALCLATUS Oy oe ac Diced ees ee ee 761, 811 
anuUNndIinaCcUS Meee eee eee eee. 362, 810 OTENACCUS . «ca 5 oicie(css)s c0' stone a heh ee 956 
DERTULO UL TLS Aer ee re ose ieee 810 ONQENLCUS Hiss 3.0.5.0 asa ke en eieke ee 815, 816 
DOTCOLUS epee wie tere tere ere ne ae Eee cts 810 OTOUTQLCUS. we oeskeis avs asssaa Se eee ete Ree 816 
COCSDULOSUSHI NS eet eur eee coe ee 810 VULCTUS 66. uis Sie bike ew NEG WO TO 817 
COLMORRUCU Sanat nets en ered ene ee 811 LONMUTS s Slorsis.s Shoe cece ave See els eRe oe 817 
Carolinianusmenrscemc oes Glee 359, 810 QVENDCEUS ssiic'5s 0 24S ee sla ee oe 956 
COROLUTLOTLUS Ee inti es ote ent eee 807 bakere Oe rink ie ec ee eee 812 
CLELIGUS ei erere eae ae eee oe renee opens 361, 811 DATbAEUS neck oo ee OE eee 846 
SALLY ILS a Rea cee mUatn ote tegen 810 barbinodise 2.0.45 cocci sae eee 768, 811 
egsyau(Quigynitss we wawoano ss aenos 555 bee o ee 359, 811 belousiies os oe Oo Re ae ie tO eee 
QiUSEULLCLULS EIS enero nen then 810 brachystachys. ...-..scce see eerie eee 762, 812 
COCSDIULOSUS. . 02.0000 0 cece cere se scce ne 8il CADANISIEM hse hee eer 760, 812 
ULLU IES wens o eat eke aot eee 810 campyloracheus... =o. s08 te eerie 767, 812 
MOLAN Sern et ee einen eee 810 COpense! 22 Nee tae Me Oe ee ec Ee 
RATLOSUS Ore ees Oe 811 capillipesiy. sn cao ae ee eee 763, 812 
VOOUSEUS VS tee tye a Ac peunie hee aceRe ACO 810 caricosus var. mollicomus.........--.+-008 814 
GLOMMERGLUS san neo a ee ne oe 902 CRTYSOCOMUS +. > cro eae ee ee 759, 813 
OTACULUSE ete ee ee eee ee 810 CLiGtUs ih ole aa Se or Oe COOL 956 
TO WeLUIC a se yee RC tn aes 360, 811 CITTatuUS 6. ee oe eee 753, 812 
MOT TUANU a ce CA ao See eS 8 CLETGLUS Eo) Feeds co Bes ee Ee eee 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1005 


Andropogon—Con. Page 
ADRECTHOUS558 G00 5.6 COOKS DAD OD Cao e De De 812 
COMTCTUUS HR a Been nes Dianne Ceee oie die thee a ene 956 
COTLLONEUWS ae iaisua Deleon k ale Cte eee Ree ee 883 

QUGDER Ronee is Bis 56k tise ele NSE Geeta ens 883 
SCC ULIVEULS NSE CINY ANUNIE, ile aca heehee (ORR A 883 
CORUTLOOSULS a aaa eine ern say Minin Aya Nel eRe ist 813 
COU REVICEWS Me yN ee, te Ae ee 813 
CLUGLUDEILA ULES aa Rae ne eee eine nee 828 
CULTEUSUAT LES ee Be nn eee eee 817 
AUG CELLS ES ee eels ob ee oe 981 
USSU TLOTUUS ore he eae ie eee eet tee a aae ee 817 
GIStaGhy SMM ists slo cla She sinae wen ce e's 749 
LEV AT UCCTLS ee Cees anaes eee ety a eta elas 870 
GIVE CIS ee ai setieee Crt sid eee aoe sun aiiete 755, 812 
HOP HUN TOSS A 08 ns OL SORE Cro Mn ee 814 
CULL INO TG We Sie Sica tn sie ies shore ener ess O57 
LULA SH tee PO Oe REIN Status bab o Settee 871 
Clitoris Nee eae iS 2 as oe 766, 812 
glaucescens....... CCGA Cee or ee NRE eA ne 817 
ORUCULVOT OR ere ere here oS ah ee 766, 812 
LOLUORUSH Nee cee las tices Fuk 812 
DROP ECEUS Renee ele eee ecco are eee 812 
CTLETSUS Ree ee hires kk Rha e ia s ye seks» 815 
CPU CHOA OUI G6! OEM A oR OME A ICIS EEE EEE 871 
ERVODVORUS EI ere tas ee, hts Sete eoake cea 8 esis eae 817 
(EP ENSISHPOR AUIS SSE. ete eo ists aa ere Nera eo 768, 812 
LOT ACT ee ea ete oe ee cote e.ele gle cue a 970 
HOGI aR ER Eat SOS OE OEIC RE EI eC aE 814 
SUTTTUULS Cem ee ee MON es KE ol ecleve otic eae Bieleiepe 883 
THOS Se GA sig OS AIRE SRP a aA PRE 815 
TLOLIGATUUS eee tent i ie anes er eke eevee 761, 812 
SER COLUS Te CO he ti elas on 759, 813 
geminatus..... cM CCE: CHEREE ES Re EIA CN aeE 813 
POLAT Ieee he eee hale een «ns 749, 757, 812 
CHILISOCONUUS rete eke. kee leenene tee ens 814 
DUUCUDULUS Rtn oats cae sees ete ls 8 id 
MADE ss BSI OBR CEES Ee 883 
GUO COPSUS AT ee Roieiene ek ele Sheena: 765, 817 
GLOEULCTES  Sh Rte eb ek 812, 815 
PIOIMERALUS Mace ertis secs tees wes 5-3) tus 765, 813 
HNORADUAROIS ict aioe AO tLe Ce Ones 813 
COV MUDD SWS x hdets/o Bed ted EEO OS Ce ORPOB OO 813 
ROM AD DSR 6 RS Cio soL eae 817 
URSUULVOT Ee OM cle Bay. oak ak os eee adiieme eee 818 
I LLTTULUCL SE ee oe ee ale slate 817 
LEM UUSDALNCUSA eee tener ine ice eral sus evs: eesonene 813 
(GE ROGHO OP 56 65 ASG OM BES LOA RES 812 
EAE OTUING) Gg 2h): shai ealec esate cece nee te eC epi 751, 813 
(ROOM OS abe Sous Sackip CS BOs OE ORO eos 816 
OPPO S pid 53 GS Hs BD BI a aE 779 
TYROS Sod chien ee ose ENED SEEN PIT OE 812 
THs 0.8 Sip. 6 hoo As BEBE Oi oo Rs REC ern 815 
OPP DAOSOS oa cH 0 SO ICE NCEE OFC 957 
COOGUDGT USS 653.6026. 06 ROEo Ds Coe 957 
JOSNUDT 3 “G:6c0 G98" 6 deaeaicabad ncaea win Oaete eC ea 759, 813 
DESIDUCTIVIS 5S 5/010 0 a 6.0.6.0 Heo Sion Chosen nie 813 
WUDOCORISS o's bho 6 6018 65S Ae aes 813 
RHO OPUS cBitts 6 ROBES Coo ROSS ete 813 
MIVCOMESCCIUST eee eh eos ee ee 813 
TUMEUR 435 FSS Sb GS AA RIO ae Cee 813 
MITtIMORUSMe eee ee eee ce ae 752, 814 
OREDU DAC CONGMS , Bareacbe ceeoinado oo 814 
LCCTISI SH MCC eee wich eae 752, 814 
OQLUGOSE@CNUCUSTIM Ee roe ass eerclins Mies ce 814 
SCHORR OS 56.5 SRE SO PPh DR eno 816 
(DOGO 5 45/53 oe 6. 8 oat Ss aL eR A 886 
USC MATIN eee oe ec knee aeons ont s 770, 814 
UEOUGIOS 6 o9-0es Maa On SRE eRe RCO 97 
j DOSE 6:05: bib. SGD SORT Lice CEO TE OES On 815 
POROCR OLS 8 ibibo Ae Oi OO OE ee 813 
UG URRCUOS 5/3 5 Mo 6 age LR Ea an eee 815 
GUO MOODS sc Haan ROAR account CEC eS 816 
HCUCO DOT OT RE een ke eae ees ues 811 
liebmanni subvar. mohrit...........22200- 814 
USRMIOLUES 6 cinicise & Kio 6 ABE SD ee ae 956 
ittonalisteriew eee tm ss re 755, 814 
OMEN OBATS, 5 iss ci COS RAISE SER Eee Ree 762, 814 
UCL OOS Ss 6.6 a SE RE OE A SURE ae 817 
OMCTPOURP US 8S a 08606 8 FO CR ee rs Seon 813 
QUORGD UR s fico SOC OL Ee 813 
COPUMULOSULS 5.5 3S OO BS DED LO ae 813 
(PCQCODDSE. 6 Sika DROS OO OO OES 817 
[PSWLOOP 5.6 CES REIL Ot ETO A CeCe 817 
SOURED 36 8s ACOSO Oe pee 817 
DEPRUGIIS & bck Be tee hoe OCTET 817 
ATAU See ere aie Cok eer agr eas: 756, 814 
LOMTEROCOP DOS 96 BSF ob 0 RD Sis OR DIGI Se 883 
UCSSUSSUDUCIUSUS Nae. ot toast oie gs ee 817 


Andropogon—Con. Page 
INOUE nee ee re a ene Steen 759, 814 
DUNGENSYST PN ane EEN PCO Meee 814 
MOLLECOMUST AL Ce EE ee CO eon 814 
MURLENDENGIENUS Tene h eee ee ene 816 
IUULTUCALUS re ee ei ee Re te ee ean 979 
MYOSUTUS' VAT: feeNSiSs 6.524 bok owes wee 814 
TEGT GUEST Oe RED OE PNT Mee 849 
MEO=METUCANUSIne oni cio erereeielereleielsnee eeere, lets 816 
TULV.CUS Be oon tale ee a eno eanetigelecs 753, 814 
TLOCOSUS eee cet ete tah PU entrar 770, 814 
MULLIS eee ne oes, RNG enc nD We Oat apres taiteate 956 
GVICTUEC EWS OC cls IN Pa Uae Naa HE dea ane aaa 956 
LennNeanusa rn ce ee nee eee 956 
TUEL OL GT eee a ee ee In wh Uc ee eat 856 
OLUGOSLAChYUNU eee eee 752, 814 
OLVGOSLACNU USI eee ee ene 814 
DAM CULOTUS ee ee eee ee ete cole tee tee tells 846 
POLUCUDULWS © aia Se cee nena Nets nee eae 813 
DELAMZUSCA TUS were a rvele ten ieren siete twarat ets 762, 814 
DETLOLACUSIA is cee eee are eae 767, 815 
PELtUSUS es ee ceteie se cuntese ge hteenel Sete ems erevens 779, 815 
DOLYAACHYLON ee eee ae oe ae 846 
PT ACCMOLUTUS tem eee Moe ee 755, 816 
NintiVAGunaLUseme et dele ee 816 
DRESLUG Oot narcnealt S-Series est GE Ce 816 
DEOUUILCULLUS te Sarat treet its Recta ete s ralieten sehen 759, 812 
CATUSOCONLUSHP neither eee 814 
LURCGLUS SS eee a 813 
Ligidhevmenia ete ee eee ee 813 
FIO OLY MHI Wats Gig DENG NU ORL OOG Os Ga. 814 
DUCTANENUSE:. iets arene ieee 813 
LENMIESSCEN'SUS wid closers Tah hea ieee 813 
YULDULASCENSEe an ee eee ee 815 
QUAGMUALDIS tate eee eee ee 969 
FOVEN NOC cee oa Ce Onn ae ee 871 
EhHIZOmAtUssee cee eee ieee ee eee ee 757, 815 
PAULIQLS Re Green hE en ee Te ee 886 
SACCHATACUS Hane ren ote Ne elon 958 
SACCHATOLCESH aa rensiaete nts sieiete nena 768, 815 
DATDUMOMUS eA a RO ee as ee 
UGUCUS ER ieee See ee ee 815 
Lagunovd Cstern: srtetes ara ee 815 
LEUCODOT OM a esi ere ee 812 
DETLORGLUS AR dents, <Cardnatie ex nee 815 
G OX HORA RAD Hie Maat Nee tthe ic RP RCRENG ches Bene a G6. 815 
SUOIMAULUC TS ie sioier ene ees el) ieee 812 
LOPTEYANUS in oly a) eBehoielie. canis + enels, = ic aro eee 815 
SCODATINS ahaa cera ta aiieey ate 749, 753, 815 
CE CSTOR SOR NR ah tae eee 815 
QW CUS ee ree Ta arias ee 755, 814 
CUSCODATLUS serie neonate ene 4 
ECTS MOM Meola ee one eae 815 
MEG WCTUSH ore ee ae alae ee sence yak mea tees ees 755, 816 
GENUINUS sone he cysetoteh co eee 815, 816 
COLVESCENSH path ae Ea 816 
GLEUCESCCTIS eet see ee eee 816 
VEtLOTOLUSS tao ee eee ae Tae 814 
MLATULVITAULS Ra dara eee ee eee eer 814 
AWVETGCTUS. Moe eee 812 
MCOMEXICAMUSS ae vavecet eee cece 755, 816 
DOLYCLACUSHE Fae nee 816 
SEpLEntriOnGlismecnes Anuncie 755, 816 
SERDENTINUS noe Ce oo ee eo ee 815 
SUIMDUICLOT Aen ete eee ee ae rar tee 815 
VULLOSUSSTINIUS ey eee ne eileen fe 755, 816 
SCHUONIETIAILUS Tce eee 817 
SCROUUCULALUS =e ee eee 883 
SOCUNCULS ey RnR Cee 883, 957, 969 
hail Newlonse 4 a acwainino Gag hobabaaecanes 752, ore 
DTULTILOEUS Sree ae en earn eee 
BCLICA CUS Gee sete Pee ea icone aes 753, Bie 
BELIGCUSH ore an | ates a hone ae e minors 770, 816 
SCSSUUUPLOTRUS ie te a ae era ee eRe 98 
SOTQUULM nec Flee MAE OC eee 957 
Nalepenstsmmmitn creel e eee 957 
SACCHATOLWS Hates ee eee 958 
SOLIVUS See tle Oo cate OE ee aerate 957 
OPO 6 Sh abababonoddoucs 958 
DUTT Oe eal aaa ig eas Mewes 958 
LECRTLICUS Oe eto yee ees 958 
DULG ATUS Set sor eter ele eh Se nanan eee ens 957 
SUOANETUSUS Een ene Gee eee 957 
LOCH NUCUSN Protein eee eee 958 
DUO CEUS cre oer oe Toe thas TROT 957 
DULGATES <a Seno ens vis ete os uy eae 958 
SDOLNACEUSH ae A Uae SUC cen 813 
StOlOMer sees eee eee aie a eee 757, 816 
SUD COMUTS ere ee tie ie a ree a seer 766, 816 


1006 INDEX 
Andropogon—Con. Page Apera—Con. Page 
OTL OT A cuctoiche Scores vetfay one ca keilodeiaie tasks nvare hopes 751, 816 DOVUSEDUS sitchen ee ee 806 
OMEN rao o etere sieele ele Wie cre De ee 816, 981 spica-venti..... Varahed stevenetnetcle tel ay acs telnet 332, 819 
CONMESSCETUSUS cicschs a ca-e vous rsuouetstlchais Ove crave rer ates. 813 ANETTA ws Vetic ce Tee CCE EL 819 
LENUANALCRUS storye te Oe ee ais, aie ehs aleve hen eee 815 bent flonan vas ce oe emis oot COLE Eee. 906 
CONUUSDOLNEUS ere eoeleke otste eis icleisuaie Sree A eee 813 ADLELLODIT GOL Notonto level Rici nc oe Oe 890 
PEPNATLUS pte ices so orate sev neiele cere 769, 813, 816 VET GUNUCA ye re| Mei bons hey eietine Lieto eee 890 
COUGTLISILG Gece laps naimahatos Bice eae ae IL 812 Anlocerawmantimisns eee eee eee 848 
GLOALCESCEN Si eras ae hoe 817 Apludarscinpoidesime- eee eee ee eee 981 
CORIVATUUS Mee en teach None errr ev eee 813 Arctic bluegrass:iis cc. .os. sajome fon cc cice ene 116 
LELTASLACHUUS ein ete een tees eee 817 AVIS UIC assacrs ance titel mean os onan cee eee Eee 460, 819 
OUSLOCIY US oie A teeter here oie tere 811 AGSCENSIONISHe «tee een 460, 462, 468, 819 
LOTT CUATUULS en icUstorsceiencts iste er ee ernie ee 768, 815 DrONOTdeS Sc ctiers oo cs ne ee 819 
EEA Cydieeeever rota ayerocsreiciG overex Ce nae: ses ae 762, 817 COATCEOLO Ns Aiaicks oS s ne ane a Roe 819 
LGD SACOLLES a neta ott ernie sichetetese ere sete 865 MOLUCETNGP eat. siche So eeee Cee 819 
QEIUELOLETI CLUS pce rete aeete eine eine le hee 957 GASCENSLONIS. sc eideis oe oie eo eee 821 
DLGLILELLS An ee Pa eee Teer ene 816, 817 QEGUAT CMEC aa8 Meine ok Lette ee 822 
nN CLOLU SEE a eee ee eee 816 ATDIS eee ccs cart eenchn tea sic eee Ie 479, 819 
DUTLLILCLESE tte chat hence ern eke eel ose ks eee 897 ONeTICANG OTOMOLAES 42 ee eee 819 
VAT IT CUSMeeaeters ono en Peter nis eye ese gs 763, 817 AYIZONICA. 6 .cche ete eee ie ee 477, 819 
GIN RAVHUKR oeeind oc as no cdtod GeMeUUD oc 813 bar batatsc.. o tsvcncicievskeey aerate eae 470, 819 
COLUIUDOSIS ie terete ersten terete fe eee 813 DASITAMECR A roar moh easton OR eens 467, 820 
CEOLOGlUS er eon ee Ln eee ces 817 CUTLUSSUT ie © Ati ee Oe 820 
CETUULLILULSE REE neh echo eee 817 berlandiery. aac. . sees ee eee 822 
MIAMI CODSISeee eee eerie coe 765, 817 DGYUTICNIANG 112215 sets oe tho Sete 823 
GLOULCUS fee hee eS ty ee ee 812 DREUUSCED rao sus novice Ce eo eee a ee. 821 
NICS bl OLE eee ete toa 765, 817 DI;ONLOUESisne = oe eeete eters cere ae ee 470, 819 
LENULSDALRCUS IS eee ee eee eee 813 Calitornicas Aaeicise ie ie eee ee 464, 820 
SLOVO DILYLUULS regeae MA el siccuc, o4a, custetaanro 814 FUGUWO ae dec lssieie seein eeee 820 
CCRULUSDOLNLCUS ieee eee ees 813, 818 glabrata: sie eee ee ene 820 
LiL SULLOT Mee Mine ee eee eee 818 PIU] OT sate tovs is eheve St Mote Kasi oreo 820 
LELLOSLOCH US eee teee eae nrc 817 CHADMGANIONG » eis hee eee ieee 480, 823 
DOGLILCLLILS Seana eee ener ene en eee 817 COOTCLOLG AG Fctc coe occreesehe ee 8 
ULES RE RT ce heen 817 COMDSIU. erin oc Ace o.0 hic eee ee 820 
QUEL TE occ eicecmne ioe 817 Condensatace.: ence eee eee 481, 820 
SLETLODILY LLU Seater chen ne etens a se ctret 814 COMDST aie ew choneen cine he OCE 481, 820 
BOLLOCLT US oat a tte Sen ae hc ne eee te 957 CUTUISELE oo ada d oe eee 821 
WEI GT ne ee pete edeyctctel oc stots Ree eiot: ee tale 767, 818 CULUISSIL mince eens ae Cece earen te 467, 820 
ZISOTIOIACS ee eee ee ae 979 Genulige ate one aie hee ee eee 819 
ANGTOpOFONEGAOM a eieiecis ae cee eccrine ts 25, 737 desmanthays, ccs ss ees cernae e ce 463, 820 
PATUATOSCODUM aye Pe crc as el ene ses soci ch ores ate uah evn) at lave vejerelene 1000 Gichotomae rere ca eee 467, 820 
GU CTLEO ae Tae oe ee ees See 1000 CUTLISSIUs..c oe ee ee 82 
ADAIR URISOSA & Se BEARDED OT GG CO oO Oe 998 PUL] OF 5.0 beets oreo he oe ee 820 
CHA AN BON 4140 Bn ARO OIE eRe EN APLC PR aCe ES 818 GUSPONSA sea con ceeisicr) © SCO 819 
SDUCO-VETULUR Wem eRe rere elec re eis e ens 819 DEOMOULES. coerce oreo nena ee ee 819 
Aneurolepidium condensatum........0c. cece eee 861 COONCLOLG. 5. oie. o wisi eie. 6 ost hovers felateneue eee 819 
ATI CLELONGTASSHelaeeei he ts cloincne ele Clee eiorre 6 crea 770 ivaricataesc. neers 471, 820 
Angustifolia, group of Panicum................ 6495 GQUVOTO CNS) sai acne sae tere ehai a) sleher aie deneae suet 466, 823 
ATTIMALCCIOALS Settee ae fine oie ckstae oe eo os aici 300 GOMANGENSIS 22 oes ele eee eee 814 
ATLTSAILENG TILAUNILETUSUS esis ce) aisicte esters) oie le cle cies 835 CLLIIOLUONG:, cc oecae s caies See See eee 822 
OL CO eh ee tore Seite hee 837 HON GUO Area NAA aHAO DAO e OUD UCB AL 470, 819 
PILES re Teint dc he cca e rE ee a IR Sots 837 COLULOTNICE a 4.20 ne ae ee ee ee 822 
SLEUULIS EE ce Osta eine 837 fendlervandacc cc eee ieee 820 
LOCLOIULITU MI eenere te ee as ee ce 837 ROOKCTL s cccis stele oe Oe oe 822 
AMMUACy STLOUDIOLs Ole aera iets seen en steel 104 MACT OTN. on oer cioe sclera AO eee 822 
ANE hiGyarkhins chood ene sods co moneo nooogoS 106 WULEQU TE cb. cast ah eake Oieteneto ets EOE 821 
NAIL OT ASSET as cece ey oles akon .. 293 fendlerianaiens seers eee 476, 820 
Will CLE COR ReNennacieds erated Maree suarcne cic torent ators 561 Plimendulaecscce ic. co he ee ee 822 
ALTE D MORO COU Oi ho Gabo obo bono acd ac ere 838 fH Oridanat 2. as gee ene eae 466, 820 
ATH ORE WAR an A a ee elon Gaal oe ae oan e 569, 818 GETUCULALG Aes ehettie see ee 468, 821 
BULA eee tern cr ker cte here eck al hee Meer thee cc 570, 818 gentilis var. breviaristatd. 0.2... os 10 cere 821 
SC CLOT CET cay cater cea aener ore tek ae ee isin 818 GOYCTUATUD 4 cos eins aie thoes Bhavan: RR eae 822 
vill onset ieee We ne ere Sc. (oe cay Went aes 570, 818 ClADTaAtaes Selsis so atvceslohess eure eee 465, 820 
ENN DM OLAn Tete ar ere oer ee 484, 818 PIBUCH ce vee sont AE ee ee 473, 820 
CHORUS OR is Necie Ai peer Pie ieee ean oe 838 JOSSY DUNG acct o- aieiava aie oie aieediehe ek eee 821 
DELATG Critee One ote tn a Senne rie OH ES 884 ONGCULUS S orace sore esha erent hel eee eee 468, 821 
CLEGATUSE AN. arch Wicte eusvan Nevertire eae ee ots 484, 818 Cepaiiperdld= acc ees eee ie eee 821 
hermaphrodita............0.0000eeeee 484, 818 DUT OLD. Se urease clea eee ee eee 823 
Anthipsimus GOnNOpOdusS......e.cccrceccecccces 905 GPUSCDACRIGTG ..« aiaic. cs oie oles See ere ee 819 
AME RUSLORL CE Te OE eae etter nee 1000 Cecolor ata 2 accuse oem ele eee ee 819 
CULL ALO Rr ree fe Pe eee ae eae oe 969, 1000 PY TANS sis reco eons ole ueles ovslovs anal cee ter ener: 481, 821 
GU AILLEC REL R te rn cee eons che Pee 1000 Hamul osaies sash soe eee 471, 821 
FATEH OCHOA eae eueeiierics ores either tear 218, 997 RAVOT OU Ce soon, eiers a bee ee 471, 819 
COULSON a eat erg ee 218, 908 humboldtiana... a ssn ace eee eee 82 
Anthopogon brevifolius........ccccc cee cccvccee 882 IMAI OT oie gale nares a atte eee tere eee 821 
ELUULOT ILC cts iNeed eer cremeaenskc citis tte tie shots 882 RYPOMEGAS sores cc 6 cts caso e-eike Oe Ge 822 
LED OT eS eRe, fe ete eee 881 GINOV ECOL exer oraccs 6 che evecus, Cte Oe 821 
Lats Xopenondstbioel, 6.4G0 eo ou ooenan ona boe Coe 549, 818 UWLELMEGIA oncom ie ee eee eer 470, 821 
ALLIS GAUGUIN eae cee te oot aane erat exsnoiateleretels 549, 818 CNLETTUDLD ioe Vtlasee setses Chen e 819 
OU OMLCUNU a ee eRe ioe ee eee 871 POWESTET Aoi era eS GOCE EEE OCE 820 
(AGH CP be tes ER EROMER Heteeaee H TOP ree emcee Cr 549, 818 VONAGE AO aS Sons ho aie ee Eee 821 
OdOravUMen ee eee ee eee 549, 818 lanvOSa ktccinde che rein Cee eee 476, 821 
GUEGSSUINILT ernie ec eneteie ieee epaicte 818 MACETO Ss Sis. atopes cmhete bs DEORE 476, 821 
OTUSLALUTIE nacte iia cc ene 6 eee he ve 818 LGNUGUNOSAR GS oe cate oe Ue ee eee 821 
MULELUGia Mel ete ha tele Oheuee UA Gaeta oie Cerne tteiaks 818 bemmont: oer oe SL Le 820 
[OLE C= Ut lees 2 an RODE oie Apr pe ree iN Cex Cutie Hier 818 longespiCa7.-) vss ee on oe 468, 821 
A DATCIOMETASS ecien . lah ne 381 JERICU ALG ee Lee 468, 821 
ATCA ceases toe wierd eee ators alist ete aheye go 332, 818, 998 Von pisetaic. aster oti cin nacre 460, 474, 821 
ANICCETUDUA cfossrerese hic eaetele cecsalercmmin oe chen eee 334, 818 SONAL ETLATIO esi consis eevee earsieie eo eke ote elotere 820 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1007 

Aristida longiseta—Con. Page | Arrhenatherum elatius bulbosum—Con. Page 
(MOQ c sno gu seor sees nop DO ObEoAAaE 822 SETUGETLIN Are eee ee 824 
Ant OLA werwarncuerveveycceusteversuerenecatass 474, 821 MOROSUND ata ce tere arte terete een 824 
MOWUSTAR Mme cree tye uvescuereleuaileteue (elasene 476, 821 SURUGLUTU eee a ens 824 
ITLAUCHOCHALCLO NT Metal haneise tt sel vi) ae eee tes Ga 821 LUDETOSUM aie oman iie eit ema een 824 
(REEF OOOH GB CG ONO Ce CG BIEN EU ICE EE 819 Kentuckenensiste ye sik tie tin ee eee ee 976 
TGCS 35 BONDS 10 SOD OD Or DO OOM B ae 474, 822 Kentuckensts S000 6 Men i aah ne eee 976 
AILUCTOM OMG ye Podne cvchion ste’ ci cieveeneusi noe! wutnensssicceaces 821 DENTISULVANUCIITS a eee ee ee 976 
TINO ENB PE usenet eety eta c. chraeiscticue ec Sie atnene le 480, 821 Cuberosimi Sateen ee eee 824 
THTOUUG ZICH Ae elt olieeeiarecsie, orev euennte, Gre cut) enone 8 Arrowfeather? Neo et oye eee ee 478 
MMURVENDETGUOUUES 06 ic ewe et ete ewes 822 Arthratherum, section of Aristida............. 463 
FUCLUCY UA meh ike lie, eee erate eed enee aoe es 820 Arthraxon nent hi penuh nubs dich enn ie atalals 748, 824 
PUL MES COTES I aneteynfeyeleleieiolc!») el ehei*) “izi= e,tiste a ene) o.< 819 CHATS ee Pee ee mentee ian ae ae 748 
OUT AMIT A eee Pues Coe seuo ae bee ecece ee 468, 821 langsdorfit var. cryptatherus........... 824 
LGPL Teas eden aon Ce Eno e Cee mee 822 hispiduse et. cee ee nee eae 748, 824 
OLCUG GAMA ee eda s wisneres.< wechi wie se siscs 467, 822 ChYDtathenusnmys tne eee 748, 824. 
MAllensiiye ct k sk ae Meecr sve e ctu vars voes 821, 1000 Arthrolophis, section of Andropogon........... 757 
(OLTO OT OS CACES Ca Cee eee S20 AnuUnGdIn arian eis acer Ob heen ae 27, 29, 824 
PDI SLR US er eet aes keyed ynlace ae wie o 0.8 egnece Moe 479, 819 Pigantea Aone ean 3 ah eames » 824 
PD DUSA erewene redone Newerereteker ar vitso.cltve.ei e eveye-4i i 472, 822 CECE olnvepensiueers ss cen eek Che en ee 825 
Anis hee easy eee eS eg 478, 822 JODONICH REI, ie Gee ae 945 
Gulla ecee: icctoattcett site lale cyintiee gies 472, 822 MOACTOSDCTIN Genet ets a nae ee 27, 824 
OLE UPLON GRU ee RC Mogi na iata ce, Wire 4. <yave. not 6 ey. 0ela 822 GQNDORESCOM SI ok cua ain cate pe eee ee 824 
[ARAM OE oie DOTS AAG Ieee CUE ene 823 SU MUI COSG: iene ht clastic oe re 824 
PUT OUTASCENS tise suiteseok tle cee ce ces eee 478, 822 LOCUS iten ie ioispn edd casi shed sole ee aoe me 824 
QUGDATVENSTSHE IT Asti ak acess ¢ 6 ke. ala aye. slic 819 COCUA er vecm etre serernias eos te hee eee 29, 824 
SOPHO VARCHOVNE Se, CRIS A 5 OOO EMOTO OLE 823 COLONGLO Pa teieies cat ce the tee een ae 824 
GUGALC USSU INO eee kee oe Cec cere eles a 96 822 Gistachy Gennes 824 
MINOT. ....5+45 scl tr Sitch CRE CREA 822 DUM Feta a8 Cae taeda Seat ee enna 824 
POUL CA ise ay artists advags io aNelove lees nse + ATA, O22 Ss CARUNGON estar Eee BN Oe ee se 184, 825 
(HAG OORONA OC WE ca el Cass he Eee eo 822 OQTOSLOUD Sse chy erste oc ee 839 
Denlandveriepeiete cine esse os bi seeeeaie wales 822 QUT OU ES Nae ree ea aa ata on ca 976 

CHU ORIUC HA a etoile, aco okt acensle 822 ERENORLG net iccecioeisricoh eos a Oe ee 811 

COP VUGTAPOLUC sete seo heen «oe 6 bie bose hss 822 DAMOOSIARY oot ih) BS et ee ee ante eee a ee 826 

SL CTUALE RUN A erent te Le os a bo ee Ghveigve dss 820 Dreuinilisteen Soeur Mee ite eine cen eee 843 
MCTUAL CI UG IVOM Ee os Shao ciadietas cts wpa yarte 820 Calamagrosislnc a1 ce eee eee 313 
NOOK Cie Oe eiea hace fed sigh nla econ 822 CONOCENSISH inne aeieye eed. uae ah cea 839, 840 
Jee atr alos esis es ies ee eee ee 474, 822 CINNOLDES pun ee ee 840 

VOT GUSEL DRE TPO me och Weel ones, clk oioie oe orec= 821 COAT CLALG a caost eee Shee eens oe TE 840 
MNUCRANUA GTP WA ans Soon f ccsuehoue Sela elas 822 COLOT ALAA Lee tee oni eee Ce 935 
ROOUSED er rita Lo; syeiniacsvg aceis ©/n a's 821 CONPNIS See ee sn en ee 981 
RYOBI OOK 6d SiG POS Det Oe ee eee 819 CONOTDES Wet tiere tian eterna che ese e eas 840 
ATM OSISSUIMA LT eae, ace btlei'e. cue ae oe os 468, 822 VOC COA ek | een TS 2k BOSE Saat ties cy paar 847 
CRUSCON OPPO P UA. ola, a Bios aid hale owes 2 CONAXR ch ester a he ee tLe 184, 190, 825 
RTUVORUSLOL GARTH tare dceilowene a. syescuelic ri «seas 822 VORLEG OLAS Oh ene By get yee ttn ae ee 825 

POMP OIOUG) 3 Sais Hie. BES aac cha GND) DERE RE aE ae a 821 VETSICOLODY yume ne nc eee 186, 825 
HOOGRAVO DES alg Ab ae oe ae ee Cee 474, 820 CDUGCTOS NUM ordi’ dye can ee ee 840 
CUT RUSE CdR Atte ae ha roe eine eons acieceesne te 821 ESLUCACEG Wires ot her Rae heen ees ene 949 
PHIZOMOPMOrAG a eink yulok scl ces 478, 822 TES SORA YN an Ce a MRD LG a ewig conte Ne 839 
ROCIMIELIAM AME reas ak as Hee ssdedane 18 acs 474, 822 (LAH OTs Hah eke REN ah EER ear aU Ra eae oe en Pe 824 
SOCIO sb S55 6a OG ES aia 823 QUT UC OAR AA fangs nals To a ve Re Ta 825, 981 
SO NGOs Ox ae SO Ae ORE eee eee 819 VAMGSAOTIUS vale tre ats; ts nets teleeeh epee Nees 839, 840 
SCNVEACAN OM eT rile cael aikanedeeineten 822 LIGHT OTe Ran aie bane eae) Ci ee nA a, eC 825 
TEEIOR v3.55 -0 A BIER COL TEIE eR Ae 823 Lntbona laser eee Mate Oil to ca neil ea enn ea 811 

SECU OC Rte tes Rem aHe svete eos aliepaite 828 TOUTILOTULCO Roane ee 8ll 
SUMPICINOTAL Ae iar ees lees Ve ele 480, 822 MALLE DLE DAA OA Oe nee ky rte Men eno Ors 826 
SOD AUC OUI: 6. BF 310. a15:0) Coo i a NS ee cee 821 MCQUCCLO aR dies ae hae ge t eyem ten he tren apa eee 841 
SODUUGSS os BRO OE SING EE ORR 821 Dall en setae ho nces te ieee tren Nr aa 981 
SOONOMIOITS-8 he ote ane bob OO oe 473, 822 DGLUSEN SR RR ore tonne te ue oe ee 936 
SOTACHP ROR 65 & CGS 68 OS eke OLR SR ee 823 DAT OGIULES UM eran cetera ee en ee 190, 936 
Stnictaram cnc tic: ‘Olah acd eee Aaa apn Nea RRR 478, 823 DUTDUNASCENS iran tha weave a ee nee cae 842 
SURUCL ONL PATS TENA ails Miele vs gieceenaneionet oie 822 CIQIOULG HGS ea aR APR Ong oo MSR aE emp ENTIAL ais 189 
CURUG A nana 36 Rett CI Oe aoe 820 reynaudiana..... Bal neriiife lactis, & ses aap scene 908 
EDU AO  3.0:6, 016 8 SAA OD ear earner 820 HUD OTUG ta eo eet oie Mele eae eee oe 935 
SOOO ORG Ss 6LG8 OO CR RIE ee ee aa 820 SOCCHONOLCCSH ee pe ea eee ee 882 
POROEBS 65 08.8 C0 HCO a eas trate 823 SOQRULACOR Sf crcie Nate) Mirmierach  ticiae eit ge 882 
TSIUUISTUC AM EAA ees iain Wheat ie ae 481, 823 SOLU OAR oh ica Os oot teeing tens, tee aie, ene ae eee 825 
(HEVETOMT OYE} 4.5 Hina a G8 A IR ey are A 465, 823 SCLLOA TUG reste) tts ee hor eco et aaa eet a Ronee Ute 847 
LUC CTS. re re one cee 823 SEMIATNULATUS ese ee es eee 851 
STON D TOTES a Gc GaN eS SE eR CT RE 466, 823 LO CEO raters rere Tictinas Meck hur SMR eS 824 
CUIDEKCULOSAME NE NEIN eta Ct ceo Rideniisane « 464, 823 LONDON ieee aly ten DRG Ok Se OE EEE 811 
CSN AROUOS 66: G55 0 EOE He Oe 827 VETSUCOLON Ne tare eee A Slt rhe ley Sa 825 
COSA o'Bid Sige Sic sie ers DAL AO RCE REN ee eS 821 VULGAT USI Seca s Sa ck ean peck oa eRe ieee 936 
VIS at avant inne oe N Wi cline om 480, 823 A's perellarcalisonnicd at aie. ae eee 886 
MOMS S Coins OS eR IES 819 1A) (UG Xa Peer RnR Le AT SRD ELE Re ac, 887 

2” SWPIGA TR BNE clea Gy ati er Rae a a 474, 823 RYSLTUL Ne cee Rie eC eae 886 
MIZOMEAMESCUC HES eee lin ok Oe etnies csae es 57, 75 Digelovtang in. nel ui nena ae 887 
RODIN C UAE Ne cst estore wince. ccs eieseie 682 ONYZOVAESH erence eek euentia sche en 889 
GHTCS aT MeN ihe re Woe oe kote cl nla va @ 477 AISDIELLGHOMENUCANG a as sce ty teresa ae ene 887 
Aromatic grasses................-: 8.774, 072). (81 QUNGUSLUTOLIQ ais inl ae oe eeeeT ee 887 
PAEENENAGMERUIMMI as SSM Cie ccs ke claps ea bees 303, 823 CALLLOR NCO A ree Ln Ga 2k a ts os abies aug En ake 886 
SRAM WLO > 6's o.6 SOAR OLE Oe aeeen 823 LS BCIIGL ORS MAH oat AIM COMER Bel ate erg Gai h 889 
COUGH 6 SSAA 6 eB eo Ee ee 303, 823 hy striae eee eee 886 
WOLDS -6.8°5 ORS UES G SE ID OOO 824 UNO LUCGLO ey hat cicce Ore Goa ois lace aie ie Oe ee 889 

WOOP USILAUITD 0 6 Aah bic hehe eR aL IE OW ORE 823 Venticulanisemen eae ne cee ee eine 889 
DULbOSIt Ny UOTLEGALUIN, (ie. 5 oe eure ec neo «tims 824 TU I ONE tecdc nine iste traseneeie tonite eee 887 
ClatiUsMe inte as aaa wits 303, 305, 823 MELUCENA ita ere ne Cael aU ACR a ae: eI ONE eee 889 
PVaTIStatiummyat cielss cos cgeces tbelsee os ale 305, 823 MONATARGM eee eee Ee Re 889 


WI bOSUTM cre eclse hee seed 305, 823 OTUZOVCS re eet ege eras pettc a ance Ca One pea 889 


1008 INDEX 


Asprella —Con. Page | Avena—Con. Page | 
LITER 4 tee Reo Pan ht aaah Cis ra Bol ie Rear 889 Ven di ger aac rch tee ASOD ies Eee 878 
DULG UIULCOIAG anche te oietexeeccLeeete er ene Che Nora 889 Molise ep vereteietan eee oe Oe 885, 977 
LAD TLES Me ces heii ievelens Phanetere Sere tc wus ieee tere 297 MOTLONIONG er aaah ne 883 
CODULOTUSS © cr dcats «108 cuege eee che iegete eccer a eeys 810 MUP OLB io Secreta ere ee ee 875 
COTY ODRYWE wrwrsiareseies AOERS 00-8 © are caste soo ake 810 DUCA erase eee eee 300, 302, 825 
DU ALCCOLS edhe se ke ere ee ee = De RE 810 MULRGENSIS Sie cise aera ke ee 759 
FAISEOLIAN DCI Tce ter terri ee nie nets ap pera 341 Odoratan et oe cee ee ee eee 884 
Athernotius longvsoliitSicrenvas soc cise cae ate’ ole cies aes 844 ORVENIGIIS ie cs dre crete he eters eee 302 
Atheropogon, section of Bouteloua............ 533 OVUM Dieu. core Ala bites Wioioic suche ie eee 876 
FAL RETO DOGOTAGCYLILUS: © oe nae cto sc cele Sake weer 828 MALUGdG.® ..crtiniene Oee Oe  e ee 885 
CDldoud Cshretrrt ce teeen ee ea iensievee eevee 533, 827 MAlUSiTE Shun: cies nen Oh eae eee 976 
QRUSULOOTAES pain en ee ei ee 827 DATALOLO, «se eee ee ee ee 820 — 
DROMOLCES EL on eee ae 829 MENTUSULVANICH ss a ee ee eee 976 
CIONMOGZOSLOLOCS aa ei iat ae en ois ieee keke ee 827 DT OCCOL ion. eee ecniciete cee aaa eee 810 
CUTLUDCNOMIALS a eertete oe ee tes cee ee 535, 828 PIAleNsis Var. AMeriCANG...... +c 6121 ne 882 
ULL OnINLS peepee Meee eer ee a ores 828 PUDCSCENSHiiccckee Om oe ee ea ee 883 
GT ACULIS eee ee ee eae 828 DUT PUTED x0, custe < acer hone ee ee 1000 — 
RUUULS peer Tecan rn eon eee 829 SAtIV2ie. aoe ae ee ee 300, 302, 825 
RAL S ea eiete ee ae ec: coe ec cacess 830 TUQT OD, ing anevada ce ee ee 25 
ILE ATALS ore e eee ey cee eee aLe Teter re Rhee stern te ses 828 SECCUNGG nae ee ee eee 825 
DLEGOSLOCKYUSH erate ete acacia 828 SCCOLUNIISS = ee 837 
DCDILLOSUS HP aoe ae atte ie ee 829 SECUNGG a5 ten en Oe 873 
UOCILINDEILS ere ie ie te eho ake eee ations Stee 830 SCMDETUITENS sere oie ae ee eee 998 
RO CEILOSUSH ren Merceieientieredecste cis ie ctate ciclete cores 828 SCLGCED. arcs oe ole ooo ie ee era ee ee 820 
RAGLCOSILS Eee at eel Pa re ee 829 SMUT atc cnoe kD oleate eee 193, 896 
PALE ODUSICLTOUIES panne Ps Teicrs ent neki tee, sae 945 SPUCHCLONINUS aie ree ae ects ee 5 
CIVGUSLAL pene tte he aint ceetehccekererove chee taene 946 SDUCOLOR EE eine ee ee eee 851, 977 
DORMER UE a or coersl eae Ee ece kote Bienes oars 946 Steriligs ic 2.46" 2nd cae 300, 302, 825 
COLULOT NICO tre ee ke i eae 940 OIGETLETISISS a ee eee , 825 
COTLO1 RPE eta a Pete meet g hc evete eykore Geen 939 SEUDOLD ESS, oo sais ne Boe ee ee 936 
COTUILOLO eres ieee ores on ens Shoes 892 SOTUGIE 55 Sia Bie siandsis. Biba ane A ee 948 
LUSLOMUS ree ee eee eae ee 945 OLOICOM Sha 1 sees ee ee ee 948 — 
DORON 6 Ges omc eH aBHE Cn Oe Gebae 946 SUIS OSA see re eee 300, 302, 825 
LOTUS CIE ICR ea ee egn 945 SUDSDUCOLG: 5 2.422 ts,0 tise incase ee 17 = 
ENOLETRANG siatce. a ee Ce ee EO eS Oe 940 SUlUGLUCO Saco ish eee 885 
LCD, S eee ene oe ar ee ee nes 939 LOUT CYT, oom oo ofa Gees AS ee 207, 948 — 
(UOT RGR ACR ATER EEE Tee RECO 939 LUDET OSs 6.5 P3% sade Thowecs hoe Oe 823 
WEMINON Ue ete Oe eo ne 946 VET SUCOLOM aes hea) ee ele lee ee ee 882 
RETO oF 6 56 EC GRO OG PIRSA GO ROHS 942 Avenastrum, section of Avena............. 302, 998 
TULA OR eee eee EE: | ote 546 AVCNASETULML DULESCETIS. 2. ae sae eg Heine 883, 998 
LCUILOCTUSTS ean ee other ene skcens eho ioe 942 AVENESE? Foe ee soa chee ee eee oe 19, 280 
PTE TUTOR, Bes acih o Mee bick Ono e boon oo 945 Avenella flecuosGe ..5 25.6. a0 eee 8538 
{OIC GT Rigas Sig Ha 4 8 6 ARG GO AG Bc a 942 Anenula pubescens... 222. acess. soe ee eee 883 
DIOlLel cme ee Ae oe ee 943 AXONODUS: -1?2,c.5 ues eee ee eee 595, 825 
DE OCUTLUCTLSMEm een ea eee ene 946 SLES eg eee 595, 596, 825 
DULCREUL Gey mae ee ee Ge ce eae 944 CUMNMCINUS «5.55.0 eee oe oe Ola ee 847 
SCOULCLLO er ee tse eer en eee tee 944 COMPLESSUS ee sere ceeiene rece Geena teeter 595, 596, 825 
S71 SCOT: Caan eae ee ees ete eee eter efi eee 943 GUGUGtus:.o5% cee ws pole h we 6. Fr eR Eee 854 
LOTUULUT OLUG ee res ec rae ee 944 PuLCATUSH 4. cose eke ee ne ee 596, 826 
SMO NMI. 5a nb GOOCH Gb ono bobo Ae 941 DOU CLUU Mara. <- aches erento level aero ta era cue Con 964 
UNALOLER LTS eee nee ee ee eae 944 
ANIVOTOTRENUSICLLIGLUS oe eee eel niaiceie cee hes oe 818 Bahia orass....ss20 22 eee ee eee eee 605 
ROT TESTE vn heat ee ROME ECR ON TRE MERN ECLPRT ER Sa 818 Paraouay Strain. cs sclcshese se coe eee 606 | 
AN AIGIOTG COUNTY, Sen AS clon HE Oboe ee cose 818 Pensacola straims.....+-..+. 65.7. eee 606 
TUT ae MEO a ee Soe ee 818 Baker wheaterass: oo 2) cise sce eels tele: ete 239 
AuISttalian chess ements seo ceteteier rarcacere eine 52 Baldingera arundinacea.........++-o. oes ene 935 
PY. CPTASS PH pecepeer seine ietee eto ee tons aes oe 275 COLOTAIG. <= J srs dis.oeieiscs ees See ee 935 
SUL MADEN tee eee cere osc ors cee ether 350 Baldomiria chloridiformis.............0020.058 890 
PAT CTV Lees tate Tee orone Geos slap ti ee 299, 825 Bamboos cultivated in the United States....... 29 
CULO ES eee each or choo areeets Fics cee ae 977 ornamentaly..s. o5d2. oe chet oer 4, 29 
DLGETLENISIS ana Sin ok le sO Oe 825 Bambusas.c2i 402 = ce astm en eee ee 29, 826 
CLTLERICAN Genentech ee 882 OTUNGINGCEE.... 22... 22. cee een eee 826 
UUODURDIURCO en ee eee 851 bambos:o:0+ 7. s2 ceils ee eee 29, 826 
bana barrcreseea cc cccet hicteice 300, 302, 825 RET IMNGMNNG. 6.2.0 0s 3s so 5 cose Rice othe bo cee ce 824 
DLGVIS Serres tee he cicac terete eens 300, 302, 825 MULTIPLEX. =, «oF of oe ap ene ste eine ere 29, 826 
DiuLLbO SG ee ee te Ee ee 823 OLERGING 5 oh ceo osteoma eee 29, 955 
Dy zantinae sec eee se eee 300, 302, Bee SUTUNAMENSUS. « «0s ss oe aus cle cielsls «iso eee 826 
CACSDILOSA ee ie err ae CROUATSI4. 3 occ we he te ee ee 826 
COLLO SO nee eT ie ke rete nee eat: aaa VULGATIS «04 6 a6 ees oe oo ce eaieatee ols eee 29, 826 
COILESCEN SU Ee ieee are 848 Bambuseade.....--.-...-....5 see eee 15, 27 
CO DiGi Seen eter net teeter tere ner SLO Barb goaterass.....22...5 0.215 | cee 245 
601,017,071 Cee atte ee ee 976 Barley oscisis as)5 lovee % 0 «ce sherastone eucte atthe eiereane 267, 274 
CUT ODIL LUCCA tet eee ee eee 809 beardlesss08 ce oe ato ae ee ee 274 
CONV er AO le ee oe ee 975 bobtall. 22. 13s sco ce Bol eee ce ee 268 
CHUSLGLA EE eC Cn ee 797 fOXtall. os o.c code S22 Bee heel o> See 268 
CIOL EEE ere eG cere 823 little sc spon sok ike eo On ee ee 269 
LOLOL ee ene erro re eee 823 MCACOW. ssc. Galle sneer eee nie eee 268 
BULDOS Se ae ee ee eevee ares 823 Mediterranean’..... 0.2... +e seem ee 272 
EUDCT. OSC elee hotel eee Laer ere 824 Barnyard PrasSe oc ee ele eee ce ce eieiece < teneieee 712 
Late eee cers ee eye ie suse 300, 302,825" | Basketiorass) «95... 2 oes cee seer 4,710 
GLUT OL ee ee 825 Bauchea karwinskyi.........cc0cccccccccerees 966 
SEU Ses ee eine ee eiaetie sean ok atest 825 Beacherass’. . 0.2 i...< sos iets cee ce oe One Cee 329 
ELULOTINUSH ie ea easter tere eink, rete toe 803 AAMETIGAD con co sb aie gicie nate che oleae Soe 329 
HLCVESCETUS re unicisictereitepor rome al tei onsets 975 Huropeans tos. s. 142.7. 58. hees coe eee 329 
WCZUOSG Mn ec bee een eben cheese 853 Bearded fescues 242.0022 ons eeee 66 
UILTILOS@ smears Are oe MIA Oe ec ae 851 wheatgrass 22.0). 654 2 uke nieue oe en eee 238 
MOOK CTR ee Sse ee a econ 882 Beardprass.. ccc Geodon: cheer see ct ee 749 


LONG het tea Olean te, triage 885 [ot oh en enna ERS PHONE ers SiG'5 oc 765 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. 


Beardgrass—Con. Page 
TINO GER eset eC to ce ier econeen pale seus 766 
BV CT eee ce aes Seas Say ates taeauenoes 768 
EB IG ecs SeiEEE T So c cea 753 
Weardlesstbarleyice cs cc esse eee sees wee 274 
WiRGALOETASS. cress ch oe ees I Si Poe eee 241 
Wild-BVG@0l. sce « s Ny eliey eaege aa eG Epa ON 5 253 
Beclkimanniawtee woke acest octess oa . .508, 826 
BAICALCIUSTSE Re ne ees ee oie ele 826 
EUCACHOLIMMIS eats cere ee 508, 826 
BOUCOLCTUSTSIaiire recta sl cisestoe Sy euenenegens eneue sc 826 
UL TUUIUON Ot tanccpato et eeesaene eee seh reuse 826 
SIpZIPACHNEE egies ser idise a ee yee 508, 826 
Bes cartickVOrassian ssc sii cs otis es fete ce esune 467 
BCORGIG: J UMUC AG Ae Be Ge BOOS DOO Om Oe. 964 
BG mt PAS LOLA i tates oe nosis ce as es 341 
QUIGULETRIN eee eee Sey re er eos, than Sue nia ere bauens 350 
NO ae eee ees a nee seooe an gels aneqete ten 341 
GSOCOOS Me en ie aeons baa eametiese 339 
COLO mI E Re ee tn 2), kane con a Grae Gris 334, 341 
GOOSEE Aye oe aia eevee eee sis 
CREG OUI apries oe tea otee ce ten anes Shane, Raseee ees 334, 339 
URTV @ eee tee eo teres eee A ae ache. lou slain abies s 345 
ion ain lesion eaten nc MeN ec atten Soo chs ns bares 341 
INIGtropolitanmetapacits tcc cwG so 334, 339 
ITD OUT G UIT este reece oie loca ei aosacdands scence aya 346 
INGweZealamde tat teres tet fo ose. cake gneisca onacs 341 
Prince Hdward Island?:........0........... 841 
Rhoderlslandivy ween sk clown cSt cus 341 
colonial....... IS CORRES EE RRS ee 341 
SCHIST CLO ea eer ee eect doe ek, sheets ease 339 
SouuhntGerman tee oo se ee ase 341 
SIUC Rarer et eaten eaten Nos oe are ascasvend 347 
EIST De eee ea ean i «Pay ten eae 338 
VIG IVC Leer en TS eRe C AS aes opaie neaano sue wuseereccus 334, 352 
Wiashime-toms yer tees ech ea) auc cote 334, 339 
AVL UC Tey Mon eee RIES 00. uae SSH Se wiueGaghie 338 
Bent-awn plumegrass...............0.0 00000: 744 
BemtOrassMeet ie ee ee nin se ene ne 334 
BermmuGdayenass: aac. Set eles Sadie cae es 503 
Bicknelliana, group of Panicum............... 649 
Bieler, species published by................... 1000 
Bifida, group of Paspalum.................... 624 
Bipublitearass esta acs he eos ale oes 138 
lQUONOSRENTNLS S 5 ae Sects ae 749, 757 
CORGOTASSH we ree Cale hc ee eos soas 509 
nl Cramp tee Ceres een ent ae ain Ta es ore a 489 
Bigelowsbluegrass! =. 2...) 0... site ks ee wa 104 
Billion-dollarioenass.. 2...) .. 2 ee ese 711, f re 
Bate kale mtpern-aesstn tai mer en NIN Soci ho Ne 
dropeced 50) Seni A Oe ROSES SOE aT ee eee ro 
(CAREVTOWEN a ps es ES. Oke Gr ue EOE ete RI 402, 542 
Bec rssca MECC MMC OTASS Ae Ewe nic oe eee 450 
iBlepharidachne: 9.2 2520.5. 8. a oe 222, 826 
OUTellOw Aleem ieee eeu ols aioe ee nels 223, 826 
JESONGRIS Sao Sea Sense Bane Oe eee eo ee See ene ane 222, 826 
Blepharoneurons..6sc0...8s see we oe cea s 432, 826 
(HEKO ONS ONSs sonic. fare Baya coe Oks aOR ee 432, 826 
BTOWwOUberasstees sete ior eee oleate 173 
IB litephescwereea aria eel ce ak oe 75 
TON A ee IC Neen cctuniciace at's c Shiieece 532, 540 
WAC LAT@in oa 5 Sas OSI 6 6 ee In eae 256 
Bluebunch wheatgrass..................-. 230, 240 
WUC CG ASS eee ees ea ee ee kote oe 99 
NU cealli pete mcmrornctate elec a ofS Ws a" CAPA Ae ee 138 
NOTING so coc oald So Bin SERIE ne pS es 128 
PROMO ac ans Go Sah eae Rees Ce eee 106 
INIT G66 4.0'0'5 AGO SBE ee eae 116 
[OSES es is Sas 3b. wc STR CROCE NESS ome an nee a 138 
Biellowa ee ere ee scey Se teks ee cs 104 
LOXOY2cs5 bi eveg! Gi Bcd a3nG a OHS RE COCA So irae 121 
LOREM GON Sd nnn iG 1s NIG RTS BRE A CREA ER Ne tN 122 
EN OSYCIES 5 Sieh Slats la Boe: aah Ge DIOR oe ee 100, 106 
(CEINIDS Ro oo b.0 Garo Ree OS Seo eee ena 134 
Cuisine ne ec oe eS 131 
DWAR OS 6 Gani 6 oo a ee a ee 67 
ONES ao oo tied eos GOH as EO Se 124 
ENO wiellaeer eee ee pes TNE Ec eel 104 
THULE TOC as SS ascents oe ec MI areca la 125 
Meni Chaya res ein eee ge a hee a 100, 115 
Ecler gy rae en. Mine ee 133 
INCH Bho. ob io Ba oi GRE eS ee I 136 
INe@walViltexicamve ener ce NM. Soaks ecco e ae 118 
TO Gal er et ee eee awk 120 
JEOHUIND 5 5:0) dito GhENATS CoS Ae 134 
IPALLCESONp rere ae arene oo ea ce ess 129 
INCRE eee RS 134 
FOLENS) 50:8 -cudic ormo bala 6 ee ne 115 
FAOHUUEA OV i oh ad Oo see oe Be eRe eer 116 


OF AGRICULTURE 1009 

Bluegrass—Con. Page 

Sanid berger snc: ceneett tae siete Gees 100, 134 

G Karle iecvess desis arcesvaveiatore Sua nehsrs pose ices eee eee 132 

ANG KalS ee Nee esiars ioe zit Sieeey ftom eee Soc 100, 106 

Cinmberline gens acca sine cece eroor ea ee 130 

Wihteelenicmenarn cian Pisses Oise aoe eee lil 

WO OG her atcs re cieocnaleudllansivara insists con lai ome anaes 122 

BWey OIG eee ear eec on aN eee ehene oe ee Sloo2o 

Blwesteme lO see eee ee 749, 757 

Colored Ostennsm ee ee eee 230 

NGG] OMe mare oie eaeend ea parr faust a ono 749, 753 

FSP aN(0 Heiney ae parece ea FSU as DN a At earn eR Bere et ert, 759 

Blimenbachiashalepensisis. i094.) eee 957 

Bobtaillabarleyeccs eee saree eee eee 268 

Bogiblue grass. ra ecto ines ea eee 121 

Botanists, acknowledgment of aid from........ 13 

PB OCC ers oe Oe 532 

Bothriochloa barbinodis...............-+0+0005 812 

CINMVET SO Saco Ga ec ra nice au ce Sette ss Resales here es Read oe 815 

CLATUSCOLD RE oe ne ot, er ey eee 812 

VAGUNOUAESH hese nen ee en orc eee 815 

DOT ONG caer oe aks oon nee OLE ee 815 

MD CVEWS Cire e trai sce alegrsl vos, dnote 4 Stas a CER ORIG Me 815 

SACCROROTGES 02 eee a ee 815 

MTU GLUT serrsc suchen a eieh OA eB 818 

Bottlebrushteenesec acco Nieto eee 266 

IBYOMU Hel CONDE: key eaemeicey iE ery ce RENO Meri Gene aoa aoe 532, 826 

AL ETOSHA este oes a ee heal AUPE OO OODLE 

ALISHIGOlG eSane ta eee icone at ieee 533, 826 

BELZ ONC AR ieee ee enon eee ee 534, 827 

ASCNENDONIUIGN At ais ce ee ee 829 

Danrbataceea St oe eee 532, 538, aes 
DOLaN erie eS cals seine ep aaa nas 829 

brachyatheraira ee eee oe ea eee 830 

Drevupolva eee JSS. dihatkepinacer Oona ags 828 

IGVISC Gana oe secre hn ne re 541, 827 

bromotdes var. TGdicosa... .. 0.2 eee ne les 829 

LUE Ty ha reece tae en te Nt Ge ERs ee seiara eae ey SPS 542, 830 

Chondnosioidest. sc. 2s oe 533, 536, 827 

CULUGED Se aire) aes oa eae ee Roe ee 827 

curtipendullay. cy. sce ce ee 532, 533, 535, 827 

ONUSEOS@ is sooo Nich ah eRe as RUS 828 

Cludens nak ites con” Sapa 535, 828 

CHIODOd ata ear eerie 532, 537, 542, 828 

AliFOrmus ected wees lie eee 537, 828 

POCO nee kes eos at Bah) cnc Ine urs een etag SPO 829 

elan@dulosaeees a2 oss ie ee ees 539, 828 

Praciiste se ee ete Se es ae 828 

SUC GE iaah ce tem eee aes a enn ene » 829 

OR ACULUS Ears Oe toe aie caaliel cues aco eee 827 

LAN aSIOHAG hs Sea een rane ten ert Iota EEA on ELC 827 

AnSU Gates ee nee nie aa ee 532, 540, 829 

MOORS Gok fora ec Shan ee 829 

WUUTE OVS ta etn oa ee aya eg RS Re 829 

4 S101 LATO CORA Peta See Teo SREP Pr Br co Se Ae 829 

MecliW@al is ny sacs a eune Geers he ene Ra ern 829 

1 OURO HEE et bes Ree ae ee ape een tee ite ea Ion eos ane 829 

UNO MON te OO ART EC ER oN eH SA ree Dia Ose 829 

AVUTEO Ves ant oa aa Sos es as 829 

inticwlim ise eter eee oe bas Se 540, 828 

DAU INTAS Ss sone SO Se PR EE 830 

FULT CUROULG er ous ots ous oa tee neous enero See » 828 

DUG IOVS ccs ntsteciec eae Voeel apts ooo ease ec eee 828 

NUCLUCACLORINUS as apis e eiteue se eens ee 827 

INCLUCOUCES Bin tris, eratadova hentia ane eet 827 

ANUCTO NUN Ga son ssks ane sROO 827 

MUCTOSUACHY Oe eae eee ee 538, 827 

DVULUCO ic agri ig Sex ale svg Rae ee ste 838 

OIG OStAChYG = ses sects acs Se eee 541, 828 

UNLCTINEDUG 2 asa ccs, dacs aoe obec sone Ree 828 

WUD T OR eee ges ies Sent ase res Se eae fh SR eae 828 

OOHAH Ne lo aren eae Cy Cue ON a terk Oat aS SO 829 

PAITMLOS rae eS Pe TE 827 

OU GLE pe nae ss ae gaa a Hose ESOS OM 827 

HMM CAR ag bic OCs a oem taae Gigomees 40.5 '\6 6 829 

PAT ae gee eeten ee ene weer eee 532, 538, 829 

GIL AO MN (ah Me Paar eareralty is EN ReNCLE ER Ty Cork oneia ccna 540, 829 

GOYA, YO ATH hele ata eneeaean ae eMC erence oc eer 827 

DOLYUSEACHY AR ria sree ee ee 827 

TDI OTe Ne ee Sneed nea Sore lee ee 827 

MESELEC ris 2 secession ce aeenele a) ake eae 829 

DEOCUIMDCIMSE Ay seven tisiaisneeeee av oretoeehe aire 538, 830 

HO ROKIA ORG Kors <8 a ree Rea REDE S CT a a araio ac 830 

DILL G etnias cea Snes Buse hoe 538, 827 
DUSUULO Rae ns Seer Bisnis vila elanens eRe 

PACE MOS Carers ais en ee ee eee 532, 827 

QRUSLOSO ED Bieter ee nee ae ee 828 

TALC OSA eee rici erate © Glen icd Seas 536, 829 

RON TVCT Ue ee Te sO a 830 


1010 INDEX 
Bouteloua—Con. Page Bromelica—Con. 
PONVOSO re ose alaska eee 542, 827 SETIGIO Se hos a scene ae ee 
TIPIGISCLA uit sie inieee ee oe ete ee 535, 829 Subulati ce ccs cette cen oe ce eee 
TOLDTOCKIME Sees cee ne 532, 539, 830 Bromium, section of Bromus............. 
SIMPLEX She es ee Be eee 537, 830 Bromopsis, section of Bromus 
TANMET eee i A ae ee 830 Bromus taaios cee einen | eee 31,8 
SEDUCED Meee Tete eel teten ae orate tees 829 BleUtensis’.).5\ wc 5c cn ce ade Lee ee 
LONULUS HIG as ae Mt To Re een te eee 830 SlOPCCUTOS: <<. soon ee eee 
COLON eects eh oe nse 535, 830 alopecurus: 3 (Ae ae ee eee 
ELIT ss Ae ce NE ete aie hee eto 532, 542, 830 aliissimus. omc e te eee 
DUT ee ee ee 0 ANOMALISIAs > ee ee. oe ee 
LRUIULY Maye dete ae Mie eee RE ay ie tc tsabeseee 542, 830 lanatipes 20);.0.0608 oe ee eee 
Uniforatse eee eee ee ee 534, 830 ATENATIUS:\ «Shik ses co ee eee 
OSU Te eee cre ad Oe aE ees Ce EUG ae 829 BYVIZONICUBs seees a  aciceeion Cee eee 
SRC MAT see ee ie ee ree 592, 830 ATUNAUNACEUS feels = cia) cioieiccte aoe eee 
CLIAtiSSILMaA ste ee ee ea: 593, 830 APVENSIS | 67, oot rte oie a Ee 
ttn vOLOCS eee ae ea eet one 918 DALULUS. Xia ss e cisleie s weicke ian oe 
SLUCACLOLINIS Hert ee ee re eee 593, 831 TACOMOSUS «1 eteieus 8 tee ee eee Ee 
CLLEN EE tee dee ete ee te ire Rte ey eae 593, 831 ASDC os vcin are ce oie eo athens a tees oe 
TSACHIVE eA oe eee isco ee 831 banbatoides. <> ....0. 426% 22. eee 
NUULL COE. ey eT RE ts, cones ct eho e 922 SULCOLUS:<.90.25 Ge ote phei a ac slate 8 
ODLUSC nee ES hn Tae kee 920 brachyphyllus.......- se. - +0 eee Oe 
plantacined.s. 2..n 25 o4.. b sae) sd sete 593, 831 breyiaristatus. sci) cere ete eee 
platyphiyllaee ese s= eee ee os 593, 831 breviaristatis; 2... 2222.6 225. ean eee 833 
DT OSCE GLOW ten cds t eet ea etek tie Sand orcas Seaton 922 brizaeformis.....+...0. 0080s eee 
DILTDILT.SCENS saree a ttete ere tahata tice rays! cheleve ley ect etiats 922 CACSDILOSUSE. 1 ee oe ee ee ae eee 
TE DUDES tee cena hace hehe ate a Ne ste 922 CALUSOTNICUS.. .sicins vis ec clelviciec. dee cle ee 
Subquadnipa rags. ce occas ce. see cies oe 594, 831 CANGAENSUS. «46 se le see eae eee ee 
BLACK VelybEniee ae fie court acts ecu tues sees 433, 831 CATIDACUS nye eee eee 
LTLSLALILI Wea eee ie ee ats aoe eet 831 OTIZONTCUS 0. 2 sis s erste es oese ee 
TIT EV AT ek oO eG Oe DRO 831 Californicus:..........-2.02 0. eee 
UTSCOSU Usp et ee SE hee She yee Sees 831 DENSUS 05. 5..s1088 oe seis hale Gis Ee ee 
IGINLA Diary oA AO OES Cat Oe Oe 831 hookerianus.....00..<-+0-0-.0 eee 833 
CLECtUING Meme Fer aioe ee he eae ile 433, 831 LINEATISE <a n4e guess tac stake cl ee 
SC DLETUUNLOTLOLC sine. te cane etre 433, 831 Catharticusesss ccs ene ee eee ee 
IBrachypouiuinise soe sis et ee 56, 831, 995 CHISGUS oe sci ce eo ee eeee 
CHES pICOS MIEN etal is cic Mceaes Gis Acasa ieee 57, 831 COLOTAMENSTS a. ie. «ess ce oe ee 
LOMLINULGLILI aoe te eee 834 Genudatus 2) oes. cee | eee eee 
GISUACIVOIMeE tata fen ee eee 56, 831 QlaberriMus:...... 00s 42-2 ses eee 
ESUULCOLG ESirae hccca reps ea tee Tete 875 INCONUS sc tohe: 65 scs, 0 ass 0.0 See 
ODOTUUCIUTION forsterite ee ees 799 latiglumis 4. o.cstes eae ee 
JA AbION = OO ng aan oa eo eee enc 57, 831, 995 UNLOTUSUB oo ore ks sid eas ow are olecalerede aye ee 
SViliva biG UTeee eee a me a ee 57, 831 laeviglhumis. co. 2- <5 .0e nee 
BT OCKYUSLULIESICTUSLOLILS ee wee sae eee eee 887 latiglumis wold dud dednetlalaCoisiel ota er tae 
BTACONOMG GLAUCA sam. Mio. ose Co ee eee 797 TNCENUS ce Gus os 3 0 ok oe ee 
IRLTIC ECE eens ea Set oe ess eet oe 797 LG Ulatus. 9. sic. oe enim > a cin 29110 nse ee 838 
OULCURGTULITE en eta ee 2 a eee 799 MANO: bo Sa slic. hs eo ee 
DUNG CUS tele te, s eee ee eee eee RIE eee 798 MONLANUS'S «6 sieved sie 3 6.4.4) 13,2, eieyegd DS 
Bristlegrass, DU ane aa foretscaes See iece aon canta 720 PAUUCTPOTUS. © « » occ «ls eo sicie seco eRe 
154 (2 1 HC ak ite ON RE a err toe Ne ee 724 DOVLENE &ols sys \isu3y 8 le tr 8k eve aad stale, <i 
(ig CCN AAS ER RRC NCR eT RR CR Ce Rea 724 DUTO ANS ss sie .otevatierecelss aches tithe coe 
scbaGh iy ee ole aa ee 724 lacvivaginatus....-..0s0..+-5 see 
KMOLEOOt Hee oleae fois ota en ist eae antes 720 SCOPLOSUS Ho 0 soldi eines see ee 
OLALIYS of re enters eke co R PA catar tN Ione ge 721 Commutatus':i;. . «cco 0 oe ici uae 
VC LLOWiaeueie othe mote cit Roe auc ere eee eres ethene 718 ADriCOTUM 1. see ee eee 
SUL Za es cereal eae Rose e Pa OE a 138, 832 CONLOTUUS 565-8 5 isis seciee seller eho tole cre: eRe 
CON GUCTISTSeaa ioe cesar cio ee oe as 879, 881 CTUStAIUS eb te 2S wane hese ee 
CUROLUT LAN Oe eee ace etn oe eet 866, 979 ebilts'.. <2 te is, oete, cells sain ste see ee 
COG NOSELS roe ea, oe fa asia) ores aps be hs EN epee 866 BETLONETUSIS <5. cihoic ic b> veccie Oe sla AO ee 
TITAKTIN AP ee eet cutee aia wy 138, 832 distachyoss 3c so 00 en cn Coe ee 
Bn Y={0 Uk: Waa a a ee oO ar OAR Le 138, 140, Ree didleyt re a lis Ho cist cole eee 
MEGASLACHYO sets ee ae ee 2 a he ie CLQEGOT iia ese thelels btuarasa, Sore e steele tose ne 
MIN OL ets See ie oe oie tee 138, 139, B30 CTCCHUS. 2 Sires esis ea etoels ee Eee 
MULT DUTES CETUS Toate Se aren ete ee OPVENSUS 6. oe aac: ou On sesregsiee > he 
SDUCALG sera eve ei shovels alts este eeeere nie ellos 856 OCLUMNUUSS o)063 Gloveie  & sca el tod bra ae eee ee 
UU CIS eR eer ce aoey ek CSE ee eho Sess eee te 981 TOOUSEUS = 5 «<a. <6 «0 «0us.0e) 6.6 oye ere)ane Ce 
Brizopyrum americanum aa Gis aateueleueheress & 2-2 se) oy elelys 856 UIMNDTALLCUS sicy. « «6.0 68 2 eis lela ele ee 
DOREULE He ae resale isk ra chcue aya htieeecn oh 856 PlODMANA.. 5 5 .c.5 5)0:800. cio Orasvelepel ter iciee ee 
BOUGUESLU eta am ois wie ie austen eae case eo 940 FFONGOSUS!<...- hiss cieidesorse ne Oe eee 
OOLUSTLONUM ass cle cae arse tices eo 858 geniculatus. 2 60i%. dese nae eee 
SDUCCLILTIU racic ak eee eee ee er nets 856 GUGANLEUS.» «bse. bc bole © erocnis ales) opebOh hehe eRe 
SEMUCEL TIS aie ernie 5 saa RO Bb haa wy en bes oes of os 857 QLOMENALUS 42s Neo sik eens dake OOo 
UIVILETV ULI te ree ail ees eee fei oe re ni ete 892 grandis Bd Sasaia hth che stovaletore ese RECO 
PLOAdleateuniOla ese ee eee ec e ee ete 181 QUSSONG ES. 6c binge cb avoscdic wide has cxoreeeene eee 
Bromen@aliforniae ce isac sca cccieeie ake ol fee B30) hookert Var. canadensis. ........ «6 > +s eee 
WANA «, so sascd. 6516.0. 6-2 Sis 8 Se Rie Heh SI coe 44 CULLALUS oii accss io eao bus pexayanereol lores cee 
PTUMNS OCR yee gece crarchshoetcrohovA od heels eee 42 MATGUNALUS,. 6.5 oe olsw cio erdinie isis ee 
FLUNG AVIAN ct ae ne cade teers ae See 31 DUDESCENS |. sive kone sigiois conte eae ee 
MIOGGIN Pepe ctare eisai ean oe ee 46 hookerianus® .. <c2.0.2 6.0 cic:cionieieeetereeine eee 
SmOOtMies se ac sone see cee Uae eee 31, 38 MUTLOT sooo ancy Gh oF oi ei ovah eee) cuenalaile archer hte 
Bromeerass-yoce ee ric Fee acl ers hordeaceus sic.is) cierto sista <lohe clerate vexeenoteene 
SCHrader’si. cecscue sich sfersctoc Fae at he eee 35 glabrescens' coe soe eee eee 
Bromelica, section of Melica.................. 193 ANLETMEAUUS sd dcorsuesene cise seie mAcbeieke noe 
PSROMELUCH ONIUSLALG > 3 5:5.512.5.5 421s 24 tte cn 894 leptostachysxi.o2 fo cicwies cite e ee eee 
CU CTC sy Ree eA nates oS OO Ee 895 MOIS ee eeio Se aha cianeia le here OR ee 
ROWE tioss Ros Soovecetc casters mua eheescaiener 895 SIUDETIALES 2.8 OD Se cs ere casero etalon eee 
RARLOT AU Saar, verses te cS, OL ee 895 ENCANUS EH. Sib. S crrdinie a Gu ickelercie ieee ete Te 
MAN OT Sais 5 dy oad Sshials (olacdes dp eee eae oats 896 ANELMAS ei oisy che eos stonene cove alle en enece eR 
SIVIERAE Norn Scher SG ahepea he aye Oe ee 896 QT USEQUUS S08 isd a cncteis Wnlolalc hie evofecete eee 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1011 


| Bromus inermis—Con. Page 
| ULC UCTS veces xior alsin eileen oe seyeasi pisnszs pe 834 
CULLAEUSI Rate ve tata tote ares vioveie aorta le Gait evap oe 833 
BULVOS SRO ah Waites Sarre (osleclavrsilsiomeitetichiods Gaal 834 
BOD UVOLU Ste sea a uitsla eTelecare evate te ogedereene Vito ie ye 834 
TD OMT CUS Meme eheiteits, «favs are 41a (are sire rays yovestenay/as 51, 834 
MOOLRE CLUS ci isveretsseis te cveleis elena einer 51, 834 
STLOSGULONNOSUSH terete reietere telesales ede 51, 835 

Teen bramtliasl Ash aos so 8t Tne pa ed ia 46, 835 
CH FOSAOM NG RAVI ISA AEE UAW AN cee nt SIS ER ta 873 
OCHO b 3: MES RE RCS ae RRS A Ran eee er 832 
ORETOCTLGLUS arian tail caste echo sic eiahais eae 832 

I OTLEN GES TT ouRe ra Vee bo na yousid sie pelle cole eect émobeus 832 
LVCITNTATUIS A al hel tel oieicw tol aueue enews a whiners 37, 835 
LOCVUG LALIT S Vai Miao eC tied ciodenaiied ave ansieei Che jaidus sobs 836 
NEW WAND ESP ceereoroeeee Sah heceilous ove ei aterere: ge caianareus 41, 835 
UGH INGRRET NAS AS ies Pel EE rae POC ar HD 832 
Maren SMart 2 cvice ep Niel seatre crest shale evgye\.otercohioyets 44, 835 
AUC ATIULS eee se cca eee Ee et ts, oa atone nareucuets 44, 835 
LUGO LI SOA rere ae eg etatpcipiessiakCtnntieest ovens 835 
PULCOUINE UE EAR ASC Samsara, abe, o7 9) 6 wien ey suthonecs 834 
TMA CHOStACIY Shy yim tapnus edens wise Gusislepsne sida & 50, 835 
PLDVCMNGE MSI S preter ae ate Ne cllc fats ieliafle ni « ctioeedovlens 54, 835 
AOC TOE EEE EE SEER eS 837 
TUDES MAM OHDOT Oe Be cin Mavis cahotien abe lee's 837 

TEED CTUSE@ GeO aR he eeaN Gere Te Haar ap wbenate eats 837 

ATUL OIVUTEGR ESM ARU MR on Shs gepetolteo- cl one) 2:6 sige anje hl oudcans 836 
NIVEA EWS keen ear erste al ete asthe ae actos toureiseise 31, 37, 835 
ULE COT te eRe ee oe: laho. oh aheecenteebs 835 
PUOGRULUTIULS Meee re aren ane a lofien sacdsncnchey See 37, 835 
SCNIUUTULCLUES RR ATE iB oot ee betes erie bcos 835 

FIV ATL CUI S Meee eae Cue cess cgakedotonenenenens 37, 835 
HOD OLCTRSUSS CLL CR GOO oe aa 835 
FOCTHOUULUISS 6 as OS ESO 6 ae 53, 837 
POUSHOOOR. SOS GOEL 6 PR Ee 837 
molliformis............... Rie an iene 50, 835 
TAO OES SoS e's oS os SBR Ara ne eee enemas 49, 835 
COMUIMNULGLUS Heyer ie ee oheeaake ene eps lees 834 
LEVOSED CH SEN i toncu te aclene=ceaiesepenore 50, 836 
SHAT PUIS FNS UG ee Ee AR ee EAE a 837 
TILER OVO Sh FOB OES LS OES oe 833 
ULL LOTS ERA ee ML Rena orep'e Ue Sab hopau obs 836 
mutabilis var. commutatus.........2.0005. 834 
TPOTKUCUIS So. Be i BS BEING BSS Ee 895 
ISAOBS 6 ce oe ES gl so eR OUS BRR RE ee 833 
NOL EO WAV AIUS ae rec Nices cielecoscns. «.cicacseneeona oon 44, 835 
CHOMATAINUETS Ae eos SoM On oe oR ee See 40, 836 
REHOCOSS oboe Hig dito SS Oe See 834 
re TT Pee erage seg lei acces er acne 40, 836 
MOTORS 5 SAU So SES ES Oe OL Oe ene 832 
OULU EST er RT UIT ee Ie eh eens gees 876 
DAGON 6 Seho HA Solas cis as ee ere 41, 836 
DOURUCULALLS Tee cern. ehh i. + Uh eas 836 
(DOOR RS 5 oh ob BOrsIo lS Oe Ge RENEE er tC Ce 832 
MOA QISS 5 & COE SS ONS OR HCE Se 51, 834 
DOGMCIMOTUS SS 6 Sto His BOBO COR a Be Re 832 
(NACE AnD e G15 oe a Oe ee es ee 37,835 
DUMOTHUIS 5. 65.66.08 oh & Gin orb ol CoE aa a ere eee 56, 831 
(DOCH OTUMS sdb Oo BSG OC DD Oe oo OO ne aes 981 
DO hyarib MUS eres Rae orks ieee ek feet & 37, 836 
DILILUCULALULS ee ene he Siena he cits atic 836 
DOTGCTIOM ESRC Ree rae ek oh Hier Lend coewane 46, 832 
CSSUMUL STR era ee he Wao toe Womans Suse 834 
PFORCOSTSS 8So SA OS ae So Dee pee 46, 834 
COUOROWG , 6.6450 C8 octet Oo ES ee 832 
UPVC H OD 5.0 Aoso Hibs SO oe ae 46, 832 
DRALETUSUSIP A MED «yi eo sflaliacciai ant abana arakun tens 834, 874 
VECOSCANB 56.0 8 SOS Oe CO LE eS Oe ee 836 
CORGACRSIS 6 cho ben OO Do ea ee 981 
COULOL US RET SUN Ee oa te he) obtaae 981 
DUIMpe MTA MUSk yaya o cconc deca oes eecyonepen sya 31, 38, 836 
ICCLUCOUO. CSI hao tes ote tonele tant ck 836 
EWE Cyd bee riet rein cose steel cme oie wi atelees 38, 836 

TORO NIG)S Gods olde ctdroh ol OuSao yy SInADaturoT Sa Mites Suen 44, 836 
MAO LOTS ob. 6b od PASO eo ere 836 
ODOT PUSS 0 BS 65.0 SO ODS Ee ee 835 

PAG VIC UUMMIS Aes ears ac OF oa) sa crdeate ates 44, 836 
Wei DAGUIAL US alts Moerotie ei clis sree cies oss 836 
LECCE TUSI TA Neen ao Ee cuayeasiee 835 
ORGS TACT SS dec 0 OG. Oe Oe Oe 833 
DOMMES 35-5 BES HOB CS CEL eae 833 

(DU DURUS CALs ob USO CEO eo HoH mee os 836 

UGB RBISES BES 6 Sen CASS Oe Tee 837 
COMI o.6 be tog eles Ge eee 838 
TACT OSUS perry Ss Lei olislio sees oro broek, Conte pollens 50, 836 
GCONUNTULGLUS TEN MU deel okeh sie tee ss: aisle awehaneeoneeks 834 
GIGINPOS RCTS 5 of aid OC Ee DO enn 50, 836 
RTM OSU Stmenees ke tees tere siesie a! sane deca neite stati ous 39, 836 
MOTLOSUSH eis a elena citoneiacs stietuenticunenite 834 


Bromus—Con. Page 
TACHORGSONU Meee 42, 833 
DOLLGOUS HN Ness hs Fare ech OI ee 833 

M1 SACU eee eae peers oo OC TERE Gee 31, 52, 836 
PUSSONEL A acre ee on ae 52, 837 

MUDOTIS eerie eee ate ee RHEE 54, 837 
TUGLAUS ral arcichea iene Ee 837 

SCOOT ALUSA  MaS he i eaakeue elated SIMRO Dee oe 832 

SCR ACEi Ut rte ee ces oie eye CL 833 
SCODPATIUS =) wo mionine siecs yelisieiatersione cherenee een 50, 837 
RUOCTES aie eat nate neta Oe ee ICE 837 
SeCalimussiny viol eee eets ST Ee 31, 47, 837 
Glad ewiter ta meaon a ee ee 834 
VelUtimuUSivg cease chet mieeeree ee 47, 837 

SCCUN GUS Sic crete tee loon eter Gate ae eee 877 
SCLECEUST cake Ao U tie Sash Ne Ta OA ES nee 837 
SItCHENSISH ee Be ase Es Oo eee 35, 837 
SDUCALUS A Ae Nee eRe tl eh ei a eae 974. 
SQUALTOSUSa ceca cee ei ieee ee DO SOOT 
DOLUUULS canon TCT eI ae 834 
TACEMOSUS Soto eins cetroue eis oF ee 836 

Stenilis@ snes one Heese 31, 53, 837 
SLE CLAYS Rae ions eet Oe eR nS eae aa 836 
SUDIULICUS a teloieton ea eee 837 

SUD ULLAL Ryans Nees mech Sat sence eae te on me ene 897 
SULDUCULULUTUUS es Seared aes oe ee 35, 832 
SuksSd Oriiiey peed cocks ole ee ee ee 39, 837 
CECtOnU ee Ee aes ray Sienna gee 54, 837 
abo eicdmcaed abe d sb noao eu ene 56, 837 

TULA US eas area EE ane Me RE TC 56, 837 

PEXOTISISH heoceker ior as ial eaten ea aa 45, 837 
GELTULUG feats they eae spo en Sp ge 56, 837 
EXCEISUS ee eid hs ote eae Sney aes anne eae 56, 838 

DUAL LOTUS eens 56, 838 
UNOLOULES ais. oop en tO aoe 35, 833 
NAeNKEANUS Ss = Mle cones ee 833 

DELUTL TALS eaten ln eatin eis a Oe 837 
VULLOSUS Hee ee ere tee aT ek pa 53, 836 
GUSSONUDR oto IEEE 837 
MNALUMUS pre i Ut teen aceon ne TE ee 837 

REGULUS = secs ho oS OER RAE Gs 837 

VERETUS MEW EY ss Ste ey at oceusi seat ae AOL Kone Tene 832 
MUUTLOP ei eee Peete esate ohana 833 

VL OATISe AL wean hone au eieae ete aea ee 42, 838 
CLUIMNAUS Se esata Gea cece ea ie 42, 838 

TOOUSUUS: acc cre eh ee LE oe 42, 838 
ADULLACTUOVLUR ate ete i Mera RRR a ted Sean 833 
STO OMCOLDY 2 tre ee eee (Hl TEAS 
Sand Us nia eee UPN eu ae en aR mine ame Rea, cnt 690 

IB GOOMSEG SOM sae ee ene Ne ener Seay ence Eee ee 763 
Brownseed paspalum. =... san vasieie eekenscs eter 621 
Browntopumillet segs tie te sie eerie oe 682 
[OREN ORL GLe Nag MT eRe a LEN a ge MM Ce EO See 682 
STUCHINGTNAUGI jor i e ee 826 
TSUEGCCEUL TV ELGLUULS Si fc e es Srna SES ee ee: 874 
DUOLENSE Shines: alot canes os Siete acy oer aR 874 
SICH OG Regier atee seas Tire ates) aie oes ia ale ene 545, 838 
dalctylordesie ey ren ae oR ee 545, 838 
BuitalOse Tassie iste ecu chev olde on ole econo 545 
PASS es Mee a oie ly cieuer a ee ne ar oy aati ER 545 
Bulb panicumeAres svchost aoe 695 
SUL DULUS esq Rape teeta teare “at a cal ented Ree Let lean epee 545 
dactyloid estos mans ate lew eee 838 
Bulbousibluegrasse... 23 ccs ee ses serene 122 
Bull orassherns cicreensheceees ania teas ea oe Soe 144 
BwullGpaspalumss soe eeu eiac ieee anes 623 
BUN CHEEASS hye clrensee ie ase te es aie Seer Cee 430 
TTLOUN GRIT ates rcles reat tees ae PE 57 
Burm bristlesrasstiesiee se iecine cia eee 720 
BUTT O;LVASS eier we eerste ees Bee o/h ecaes eee 228 
Bushem whl yee es recy crteca oie one ote ote bang eS 401 
Bushy; beard erassiveyser aise o euscstor tne eee 765 
Caespitosa, group of Paspalum................ 612 
Calamaerostise sae cae nee ee 313, 838 
COROSLOUDES eee aatacdnie Cie ie eee 839 

GUT OUD ES ie se teh ase Va nae on NIE Sp eRe eis 976 
QUASI OTL eee ks Sa Ue OE 839 
CONROY ASG AS Bid ey CONS Ee SIR eS Dae Bins 66 842 
QUDUCATS ae ies AE SR ot ee ee 842 

CU CUEUOC eee siete Beate PO Sees Ce 842 

CUIUG USEC Be ated SENG caventuas alee oe tee intone 843 

DOLCTUS ose theese chawrve Gia eG ee ahemcetenas heen 842 

LIN CRUCAN Gators. ain aU cain sete eee nae 841 
HOG IR VOD Cr OSE aS RRS ES eI RTECS a ares 898 
ONGUSED Sere cesc tore idce wher esis eee ee 843 
CTOTNOLG a Msn RE ies Joanie ceca wey ae ag 839 

LUE CEU CO Tom eae aan ceee GRO Ee aa A ES 842 
CHARGE Me cisira Gan ont ead Wiener cule alae ensiet vimana Gi 811 


1012 INDEX 
Calamagrostis—Con. Page Calamagrostis—Con. Page 
OEETUCOLD Ra a eos eee 840 URIs Le ap Rena ere eter ire fy cig ees Se Oc 839, 842 
OLGODUD UTED Ss otiecis fee ee Meese eee Coben Re rerae 839 perplexa Shee ee eee ee 320, 842 
OlGNdGS Se Satomice cee ee Ree 839 pickerin git. sere ee eee ee 322, 842 
bolanderiis tis et eee oe ue cones 315, 838 Devils Wee A erate Aaa eee 322, 842 
Oneutpilisher eet  ee oe 843 lacusttise ce of oe tee eee 841 
DREVUSCLO Ae ten ivi aici eee 842 VUIPAT Os. cee cle ae Oe 842 
GeDiligne sere etn clee os a es heeoe 842 POrterie eto hes cee 319, 842 
WACUSTT Shere ie en erie 841 PUMA See ae ie Poa nee 9 

breweri Me CLARA ott corer Nere tate Or mtener etagegets 316, 839 DULDULASCENS TL eicsecle elect nee 317, 842 
CAINMIS Sse re sias Se euite nes 318, 839 ONCMCU She leo eee 842 
COLONULOGOSLU SEND eee tee ete eee 332 ODRILAISS Ao eecak. cok eee ee 842 
Gallnvopmb(e A Goo amido One aoa Res 327, 839 VASCYT. cc Bins ke eae een ee 842 
Canadensis eee ee ioe 313, 323, B59 TELTOST CLES Bans Oo a eee eee 803 
HEU IOMN hs 5 pnd ack dO j0 SO aU oho eo me 839 TODUSLE co eta tates cea 840 
CANUDESURL So ene ease ieee ee 839 rubescens. 0.2%... ss Siac. oe 1. OLS a LOmRHE 

AUDID ye ee ee on rs 843 TUDT DNs io ee rahe ee ee 871 
LONGSCORL ea eee ce 840 SCQUIO. . 5c en te ee Cee 839 
MERON & 4 ana 5 Soe eweUoo ou oe 325, 839 SCopulonuinyye eae eee 326, 843 
DOUALA Ae re ee ee oe ree aa en ee 839 baBETI Res or eee 841 
TODUSLOM ee Tae oh one io coe 839 lucidulaicme cas ne ie eee 843 
SCA Diameter tes sree sie ie eer ore 325, 839 SCTIDNEL a... eee cei eee 323, 843 
CINNOIGES Wee we eo ee ee 326, 840 GINMDENOUS Sos Meradie tee bE OE ee 839 
COGT.CLOLOM tae pera: coche ene sic orate ener 840 SULICCB Esai aerate ens tetels Crs plots oie ee 841 
COLUTLOLETISTS sateen atat ta eee 839 DR EVUOT cele th mio he Oe eee ee 840 
COMDT.CSSO eter oes rk ee eee ans ahs 901 TODUSED Se oaiets oon cuere ae ne ee 840 
COLL Se ee ee eee ee 981 SUD/LETUOSG. ieee cee eee 843 
CLASSIC UMISeE eee eee eee eee 328, 840 SURSGOTIU cote ose o.6 cso 843 
CUTLUSS) ER Ee Od ei 843 LLUTMONS tees tee ee ee 843 
CUSUCK LIE I er eae 319, 843 Sylvaticat:. 0/222 .c0dest tee ee 843 
GENGA ee ee stint ee ee ct Ee ence 322, 840 CINCTUCUNG,. ste. era se eee ieie sitio cee ee 842 
1 TN a Sy es TORR nO Ore CHER eee Aas 843 DT evtselae mons 8 Sennen eo Oe 842 
CLOM GOLD re ee rte Se ee ee 841 LONGEfOlLiD a3. ee ee eee 840 
EPIZCIOS Maree ieee 313, 328, on DURDUTESCENS aa = este ieee eee 842 
GOT G UCU eee ee cee Lweedyilian: occ chaicst hee eee eee 316, 843 
CE DATES eee Ae OEE ee re a Bar VOTED ES 2 ec eialeientugnshe Ce ee ee 838 
Sas aaved (obhteel a cence tes Aeeknic 5 Rime tea AERA Lee 320, 840 DOTVEGORD 555. <p fase duction ee oe 935 
OSCUCULLOLE Seen ae ne ce ee 843 UUSCUG as teen ee Note ee Lo eee 318, 842 
fOWOSA AHO eee ee 317, 840 VULIAELONMUS-. 2. 552-0028 sare ee ee 840 
OURS bo no LOS oO SIS SHA CS eee SEE 840 ROVULCENOULURe tee eee Oe 804 
COLO CTC te et Oe eS acc ee beens 843 WUYOMANGENSUS. 225. . se ee ee eee 841 
OOO MHTIES, «5 5 ha Poo aa Gnade ey sn ooee SURE 839 UUKOTVENUSUS. oe) ola ce oe oe 842 
Ion ellitls Jag da gaanecnedec oa Was demon 315, 840 Calamovilfascets-) see ee 329, 843 
Hy PCLbOLeaeeueeee meee ee ete oe 841 Te VIDILS = ner eee 329, 331, 843 
CQULETACONO eater ee eer eet ee 841 calvipes......... See ee 0 331, 843 
CLONG OLE ee ger err eo on ee ae se 841 heterolepis’.<% va. oe ee 331, 843 
SLE OULCSEE ent Lt ee epee 841 CU DUCT. oe sie nner ties ek ia ee 843 
TYCO 201) Sy ope ieee ese ee ek Secs 313, 326, 840 CULLISSIN | 2. nee eee 330, 843 
batoulataceesernest er ett ae 327, 841 PIFANtea yes ae eee 332, 843 
ORCVLOT Eee Ee ee 841 pees ee Lae © ae oe mee en eke eee rae 329, 331, 843 
CUDTCO ee oto eine 841 MAC Ais ores ee ee ee 332, 844 
MOwae-d Nel ACme eres cite pea eee 327, 841 Calanthera needs: a plate Revue a oan» Oe 838 
RODUSEC Me TM ee ee eae 841 California bromes. 4.42... 222 een eee 35 
INSDELA LAGE eee ee eee 321, 841 OSCUG lors ns tela Che ots ae val 
[e@raleratonGlsSin ne 5 Go we mui bo one nea 323, 841 MElICY en ee oe we en ee eee 203 
CUS ee ne tee hee Nr cee 840 OACLTASS. 225 ee a oct aiei a OO ee eee 312 
ACTOR eee eee eee tes 325, 841 SWCCtElASS.< cad: caacc gon et cel eee 548 
VACUSULISH A eee ea eee 321, 841 Calotheca macrostachya...........6-.+.¢-02808 981 
Lanceolata to ee eye cts Be as 332 DUT DUTUSCETUS. 212s ateje a seus sists totais ike hee eee 866 
Jangsdorii......- +--+... -+ecss 22 BLD, 809, S40 Calycodon montanum........-00..2.- 002 cee 904 
CCUINGT OL eee eee ere ae 839 Campbella caespitosa.....0.-2..42 52: see 852 
Laclede te ee es Bai Campuloasoracilis-.. 35.256 s0510222 2s eee 848 
TILOAGY LTO COE eee eee 840 MVONOSLACRY Gn sas costs eis iene ie ee 848 
SCUUDTLEN ea eure ernie an er 843 Campulosus.. 2. 285 e352 sas Sane eee 514 
LOLUPLOT Ota eects ee ae Dis a es 842 ATOMOLCUS = 125 bo a's oles Gis rete etches Se 848 
LEMMON eee re ee 839 ChADACeCTIStS: eee ee 516, 848 
LOT OUfOLtO ee nee es Ee a ae 843 AOTACONUS. oo ee ee te ote ee ee 848 
LOT Ge nOSti Sea a te Rl eee eee 975 JONGUISE Is aso ote ee 848 
LCE RE Te re ee 842 OVGCULOT. Si 58 522 Oe ae ok Oe 848 
LUSUTIONS Eee eee 843 OTACLIS. 22) aoc ose Cl ee 848 
TUECOUTLLOI OG eee ere ae neninie on eae 839 MLONTLOSEACHYUS 4 is 222s = oo en eee eee 848 
NLCLUCCTLO EE Peete ac eee ieee 839 @anada bluegrass)... 5. stents teeter ee 106 
MU CROULUU Pree nes eden ea aerate eee 839 TOME. 2 ics l5 Pie cc suecevss o euckeleeee one een eae 44 
MLCT ATU OE ie ee a ae ee ee 842 Wild=rye: 5 Risto s al tole els SR en ee 261 
SUCTT OCI ice keene ee ee 841 Canary CLASS. ah. ss Siete etistee te = Meee eee 551, 552 
TTMOM LAT CMSIS=pereni eters ctelate) mei sheneme re 313, 318, 841 TECG sr ee Se ee 559 
MELLECtA ME ee ieee eee 328, 841 Seeds ssh bios betes woe Cee 552 
CONCLAL Ce ee yee ee 841 Canby: bluegrass’. =, {fe Sie see eee ee 134 
COMTL 1S ee ee ee eee ee 981 Canes 240285 =i Oe ee ee ee eee 27 
GRUSSSY WN DOS 3 26 aba bn Oda He aolaen een 840 Pian’ ees er eee ee eee ee Oe 27 
OLRACUUS et eee ee ohn nels teen 842 Switch 1 ot hee oe ies ee ee 29 
RU DERDORCC te ent teense eee 841 Capillaria.croupiom banicumies 22...) eee 686 
ENCE DAMS Dare ee eee ee ee ethene 841 GCapimicorduras., osteo eee 569 
NUCH OTL een iene eee te ee eee 842 Capriola: 22 Sees CRON 2 eee ee ete 503 
TEMOTOLUS ae aera ee et te a eee eer ee 842 dactylon ne Be ee Le eee 503, 849 
MUbilae vee ae oe es Se eA 321, 842 MOTUS Bo AO UE ee 849 
MUtLKACNSISHeee a eee eee 322, 842 Carex:stricta aro al ee ee eee 2 
TRUE CUL UCT pe en rn on Oe ee ee 840 Carib’ erass st ee ere 587 
ORnEVONETISTS oo a ne 5 ee 839 Garrizo ets * Ss Be en ee ee 190 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 


Page 

@aryochlog DGNIENStS.... 2. cee ec cc eee e. 893 
Caryophyllea airoides.........ee0008 wnsteleneie Fekete 809 
PI LCCOL er as inerha heats 6 tre eis atalafeve lee) ekeucieleyetene 810 
WGSVOSEETG GACLYLOUGES. © 6. oo 0 s o-x 0 0 0 seis vee oo sic 838 
OO MGs 4s RAS OOO DORE OOO ial 838 
(CENT BIRO REYES GU SISIG SiS ere: SOCCER ra 169, 844 
DUGalihe 54 gas cr 8 OO NORES AD SOL OO ROO OD OEE 936 
UCHULENET Cale une ears mas cel, Uaa vane te seh ayenauel ones 169, 844 

UHM HETROHE Oy Ge EOE REO -. 844 

LUSEDTUS aes Oita need occ ore, ST eee av ok ns Ets oe RS 945 

PUT LUL GS el NOUS SGiaNk ouh nn ‘ajiat ttle, a lope da ove SHEETS Gs 937 
Cataclastos, section of Eragrostis............. 143 
WOLGMOdtUiN AQUALICUM eo oe oe eo ccn oe oo ale bead 844 
WAC OTASG 2 ihe ion lelee eis + so oeucds aleteie ace 558 
WACHESCE CUI fo sw eA tuis sore w se levarerera «6 seals 543, 844 
EROC CUMIN eeN ewan a fea sate terel avers glsuetors 544, 844 
TOROS CEA CUI ern ea cis ere ropie raise fs slice, of dove lac tars 544, 844 
Cenchropsis myosuroides........ 00 ccc eee 844 
emcee Noe ae ikke Wie sb eels bie ana 730, 844 
COGH DROS Sea PAR Or AcE RAGE COCA 850 

ONG USOO Le cs BER DEO ee 735, 845 
QUOMECUTOUACS Cope iene ue pee iat eis esa 6 844 
(BX AXO HATES x Se tee NCS ro Ec 731, 844 

DTH OMUSHeae enor tee N pe OS eee ee uanteens 731, 844 
(DARDS TALIS Be 1s cee aay Ee rears dec Ae a 844 
GOW Lee eee eee et ee os ois, ok nce ES 731, 844 
COTROUNIGNUS ae fer cnuinel ie 733, 844, 981 
COLROGLNC US eM ents: He Ree ace Bee, eres 731, 844 
CULUORUSER Ee Bee a BET eae RNa lic we oR EER Tae 933 

SC ITAL US ered aay ete crs. cae otaliocenet cuneate 731, 844 
OREDUS CLUS epee MGeS 6 chee ee eee 844 

LONGUS DUNG is ees ota, ok nls ete aerate 845 
ERVOULOUA ES tae ee tise os oie he es 845 

OCHS nee 0 ci bas ten A eI RAE: eee 844 

FISD RIIG, RUS AR SESE ee a So Bea . 844 
GRACUAS Ta TAU h aioe suis eieee bree stbous 981 
PrarcillnmUsMy eae es esas nae cksks oo eee wee 732, 844 
GRAIMUCARUS ATM ered ater ast seks ak oO 882 
TVDVSSTO ROIS S ‘sf Wie eee ee oe ore Le eR Re 732, 844 
EVIL CLUES eT eee MeN oN cysts SiSeo tata oR GUETE ORS 844 
WORT ES DET USH Re eM ER a i ce, saa cena 735, 845 
MULCTOCEDNALUS eee Ms lc. oye yc neh eas 45 

TOV OSULOLMES Piste ee heehee s cb we caoratha's 731, 844 
PAHEOSUIGS SAA a er So SEO EEG) AAS a oe AIRS erent 934 
DONO OS ER ALES 6 otk br oe CEL Cee eae 949 

DAU CLOTS tomaserers iene siecle risk arcrietiees 732, 845 
LONGUS INUUS ee enter ete eke « 845 

DVUAVD CLUS EEN EE TTC aie Fes here eS 844 
TiLCEIILOS TUS Ee aan POR eete a ensiet Ce aS 969 
OSHS ENS 6 Sele ni ea Ad 5 Te AS aS CLUE ear 845 
SARDOONATS 5 RS A ees Peel atone Pe Nt ne Ae 844 

S CLO SUS apna eanrs aka ae eer uae te a vatie) we hore neue 934 
SERUCUUEST Rk LRU YP MA a ee octet eR ohne 844 
Molva ae ses coh eee OE ne 733, 735, 845 
TECTOCEDNGUUS re: Wateln Okie are shen, neers othe 45 
HOH 5 B18. od Be Oe Btn OE Cee eo see 845 
DOLLOSUB f Mie Cis Siero ir EE Fy ea ane 934 
UIUC RMN UTR AER AT i «socal ciate 731, 844 
Wemnbipedererasss io meh. cisles cies ree a abate 787 
CORERGQVOPUTDS 8S BES oS ARO SA ES noe ae 999 
CRUTVETUSCERT PET ae esis Gniieiakeameavslags 999 
Dep alostachyannmny cin cence cee asses we heen a ae 29 
Ceraiochaete aquatica... ieee eee eect cece es 980 
Ceratochloa, section of Bromus............... 33 
Ceratochloa breviaristata..................2004 833 
COLA GEV COMP on hat Ravan telco ibee con ote es 833 
TRORRCHOG gS 2S Seen Go lice Rae AI eID 832 
RACK COLOMETI e Oe PEI Ee ote wea ON ae hohe 833 
ONPG HCHO, o's. a Eo. 8 OE ORES Lee ETE See aa 835 

GOO VTNO FASS! ALS eas Ala RAS eT ape 833 
RLTUVOUOULE Sig PA ae ise ees lee hese oe es Sos ese 833 
Cereals........ 1, 18, 230, 243, 246, 267, 300, 556, 794 
CCRGID RISA AS Bee RO ENE tas een 929 
Chaetaria, section of Aristida................. 467 
CHAAATIGAG UES Re oie NOIRE Sele serene 819 
QUSCENSVOTLUS a ieee oe Meee eo elhaiodak ota 6 Shs isons 819 

DT GTVOULES Per P NT see eee Ce aie aN 819 
COATCLUE CAE INTE M oe eraie ree cocevsyiuche emt e ee 819 

COM OOCTHORS 8 Sie 6 OO A eo Io 820 
USCUCTULCL ORE RMN ae TEIN RI he Ho 0c sete ole a 819 
(UCHOHCLOR GI eS SS SDN) RR 8 ar A Sa 820 
(TOCSY OLDS 6 8) 36 Ge RO ASSAM ER ESE 821 

QV ROHOHODS 5 OS ge a soo eee 821 
DURDUTASCENS ANAM wrdoiien v Nolo ae elon hee caer 822 
SQUATTO SOM ANT TENE Lae aise lenlevavonexa) Mist ROSH aie 823 
SETUCE ORE APIS HoT aire tsiaiia toto le. hehe eae 823 

LUD ERCULOS CoRR Norra Pa. Alea ete GES Lents o 00% 823 
CNGELOCHI GCP Piste he Ve eee 718 


S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1013 
Page 

Chactochlog ambiguan en. sheds coc. oar 954. d 
DOT OGL SR ica eek ne Pay ete NRT pee es 
DREUISDICE Se een cian ce Ree 954 
COUAGEG ON et Mn car cree eA ee 953 
COMPOSULG a chs eveiekoue: s)s\ 0) ele) esr ele)el sc bette ss 908 
COTTUGALG Soren i conitaca: Were ers sash eit ere. 6 ele nee Oa DO 
PARVUSLON G4 sersrnarse Miakeiiic ah ea een nee 951 
LAU Oe etan mi tank SAE enesbecs yee Hic eee 950 
DENUCULALA ae nt espe RS Ce 951 
DOT CNIUUS lec Sia eesti ay RL AE See ee 951 

DUT DUTOSCEIUS asda cna erelerss sais cently 951 
CERIN GTA ON peers ote cen aie aren tare ae eee 952 
EDD OSG wists arate eerie etal ye ee eo a rceeen pe 952 
QUGUCOR See nai ert ee 934, 952 
PURIVUT EG) an starshaieeccie ene to Spek Oe 952 
GRACO Senter cy ae ee ne 951 
ORUSCDACI UG mates clas areas ee ee 951 
GIN DUG acini aes eae 951 
MEL UCAIUG Ge eee ane eT CEE 951 
Rispida wines = ee ean ee 949 
SINDETOUS Se ae nee ee Ce ne 950 
Geniculatane set erm eee 950 
MEN ICAL eran ee ee eee 950 
DEREN TUS Ie In ayetsiciele ee aU See ee 950 
SUTEDLOUOLTY Sis ee mea ee 950 
VENSUCOLON ke ee TE Ee 951 
RLALUC airs esi can crea Mies acne ne eee 952 
CCLINANICheE a eae ae ee 952 
laevigata yk er Rae ee eee 950 
VeUcopila eee Be ales le Pas eh Uses ee ce ee 952 
AN OH OOM eA EEL RATIO EL HUIS Oo oe co 952 
(NNIINORDG ofa caus dourooo oud oo Ua dub US 952 
LULESEOTES HAN, Se neue) 5) Nae eee Pea eee 952 
IMACE OSD CRIM ars tue si oes orcs, ote soe eRe eR 952 
MOACTOSLACHY Urns nlena Heels vai eae 952 
NOG ys Serta ie he elec ly ct anttor ten Falk Binal SEE 953 
TUUGTATOSEUS Eee ee ieee 953 
OCCLAENLGLISE hip ie ene 951 
DAlMUpOlia arenes eae er ne 953 
PENUCULOLO Gr cays eee ek ena Re 950 
DETECT NUS seria aieiauhe en acatle eres Ne Le 950 
DOUCLUATUG iia: eke ane ee 953 
MOLYSLACNYGS Ati) sen oe ue ee 953 
PUTDUNRGSCETUS ras macteeie abies ice ieee eve een eee 950 
POUIMNUSCLD eocatsaaks loce oy ena ee a ne 922 
peor EE eee Re IN ORIEN PBT ECR Aaa Bee 
RANA CONNER a ety CREE ens HOE Dron SUBSE crigdn 922 
Ne re ne Ua, i Soe ot i a egg 952 
SCR CCl CUR Ecce ehace cael eee oneal on AE Ee 953 
SCLOSC HW easy c cart ns oi 3c aie ease oe TORU ae caer 953 
SF GLE 6 SEO AA Oe DS Hea bor OD ome oe 951 
VERSUCOLOM I ee ite Lit eae eHN EN a tice atte ae eee 950 
DERLECUULLGL ORY Vers tisa ies me Oey eee 954 
OnEVUSELOS Ss ene re eRe 954 
DULOSTSSUING Wainer hone ietei ie eee 954 
WUTRUAVSEN iiss 5 ahs he Bey eater eae acorn hea ee 954 
OR CVUSELO ae coi one ee Ce Eee 954 
FLL NU RARER AAO PEGI OA A ona a 954 
LOL RE SEE OSE ye ee a reas 954 
DUTDURASCETUS: tel io i ededse cle aoe 951 
WWEULTIUAIUTUU Nice Racca eae 954 
Chalcoclytrummutanse. . ci oe ee eee 957 
Chamaecraphis caudata 4.0.2. eo. ee ee 953 
COT TUG GLE ane stole icra ela oiea Oiie ene wekCe oreo 949 
COSEOLG Pies skis aie Rhee ee oa ee 949 
GUOU COE Ae ee ee 933, 952 
CT EMLUCULOLG os Was ote Sorte aici A Ee 950 
TIMO END USI coe cicohe ae a ie eT cks IE 950 
Laevigatasn® Siok «instore eaten eae 950 
DENVCULALG as encircle ie eee eee 950 
DET CNTYS Bateisnsetiis eked elle MoE 950 
ORQCULUS sro Accs eae e ates ee ne ate aT ee 951 
SIIUDET DUS hes el Sncneseher oe Chaee 10! a ead SEO 951 
Oa ANG Hal Ras et St elm RU sity Gard 951 
ON OUNITIR RES 6 ORT CDI Glo ou Ob OOS 954 
GETINGNUCO Bee yeas oiene ei iaecelemeiateaeasteerees 951 
VErticvllatan awoke eie lee ole aise 954 
DURUAUS reckecereie lave deieieevapeiece atone evenerCR Eke 954 
ANVACTOSLA CIA OU arcceitae pieces Oe eteiar ele 952 
PVG IU pos EES ela ta dessa rene eee clio Re eae he TRO eae 953 
DALMAUSOLI) Soe soms eiouvcla jaca Ce aes ae eee 953 
POUCTTLOT Qi eies wensieboiar oleh eee nets He Let ere 952 
PO NUCTLUALE ES ia anc Seatac enioc ee aS a Sree 951 
SELOS CG ee ical’ odo douchele ssc ede Dao UAE a 953 
MOACROSLACHY Gremio 952 
VWENLENGEL Drain ias eae vice Eels ote aur Eee 950 
VET EVCULLOL Ges Meech aeace Teeter «ea a Unaerane 954 
VELCRO A muna Myra Cane anahenieyieLe care 949 


1014 INDEX 
Chamaeraphis—Con. Page Chloris—Con. Page 
ULNUD Sia cos afevsic, = ahesnieschssoisyalssaupiabayedigtesiol stage (eters 954 LETONA. ..eceevee ie aja eiapserars, «lesion er terete 845 — 
ORASCORAMONE. hae ee cee he See 911 TOXONISIS 5 5 0).c1 os or ost ehedie eich ellel eeiavare iets ep 525, 846 
ANGUSUITOIA EES B68 oe Seer Ee 911 tT tChOAES Se is, Fes ee Oe ee ee 970 
CODULGTUS SS Ek ieee 5 Me TM Otro A AG De 913 tPUNCALA Kania nekte owe Soe a eee 530, 846 
CLAN GESELN GAA 2 aise oe nk else A 914 VENtTICOSA sis cid sc cnccsedl) chelate Ae eee 530, 846 
AUCROLOMGO. J hase s,s ee uct 916 Verticillatawaass.accs ee ele eee 528, 846 
LOLULUS ask Ne Sotelera ee esaesehes Se ee 916 Onistulatacnncas Ane ee eee 846 
PUL D ESCEIUSE a csth sm craucholsin faite Get Ore tee 923 UNLETV NEAL... sick sk ea eee Oe 845 
DUT OGL ASS ccy ots Sie ea ee, Oe auc 81a eS OO 925 Marep is ere indohere todene op toes Be to Ie 519, 527, 846 
Chasmanthium gracile.........00cccecccceeces 978 DUT QOL: by, esses ease Ee 519% 
OnNitNOTNYNCHUIM. .. 20... 05sec ee ob ttie se 979 Chlorate blanchardiana.. 4.0 eee eee 970° 
(Oy aYere(H 4 Di te Boe et he Or enn RT Meet ye a hyena 31, 47 CTUTALGDS, 6 hic icici che Goo os HO ee 970 © 
@heetorassees cores ne oe teicas sick ee ea 460 fasciculata: a:5. cite oe Ee eee 970 
Whesshr yy eer a eee See ciara ences ae Bly evs MENDOCING s cchi vers sao cine ee 970 
PAUISLT AIAN reine ain tae bevce ec cee oe ere oD, 52 DUUTUPLONA... calc elone he wo 971 
@hileaneras ys ene ni bee eke Mie ee cat 56 Chondrosium, section of Bouteloua............ 537 © 
COWIDVierice teks kene aici race nee 54 Chondrosium aschenbornianum.... 0.2.2... +008 829 — 
LOXUAI starerne rasta tote cic cca bc oteee rials ens ee 54 OTUMMONAV...d0s osu ese vd Ge occ eee 829 
TAIT ge Sener weet ee teotreeal cence apy onetss oa hace 49 OTLODOQUWIN oresb oc cnclewens ecb oteexate ete Ghee eee 828 
JADANICSCORE cE eects ch ror ohne bia eee il CLUE secs Scie Sac Fist ieh ae B  e 827 
MVD SIE <a aera Eee Aon © oe Ae aber 46 JOCTEUM co be vic.c4 Gee iccerta 6 eek ee 829 — 
SOL eyes rots TAR caer en oe ae AE 49 OT GCIUE 55.5 wins Siats aes OAs wR Oe CIEE 828 — 
SVU] Cli aN eae cae Pets dente at sai oathisys corer abet coi iets aus 46 POWJStAChYWM. 22 0% oa. wanaiche ieteieie eke 828 - 
W@hewinGsiteESCuG sci a care eisis sic)siciaie se ena ss eieiene 74 hirsutunte...2. 4.252264 522 ee eee 829 
@hilean@ehessis. ce hee ees ers wets 56 RATEUIM oboe bs a oes ecto sd ee 829 
Chilochloawentricosa.... :...+...e6seene+5ss sack 879 humboldtianum......2....4.5-esh eee 827 
Chimonobambusa-..8...-+ +22... s.8s50sse eee 29 RUMI Pe oven ta sw es Here an Oe 830 
I NINESEICANICS Sees yaene icas Betts ees ES 743 MUCTOSLACRYUM 12 oles eee ecient 827 
W@hloridederer gacea ie a se oe eek ee pe ne 22, 491 oligostachywm....- 02.6. >see ee 828 
Chloridiopsis blanchardiana............00.-005 970 DODULOSUIN 6:5 oc avssess asd ahahe secs Peer 829 
TONS gee eer eee ere Ree Gy a Seenct ee 519, 845 DOAVTYG <a 0 eislalse assrevayoinde wloteke Leeks SOO 829 
OLDO. tar tetas alate eee ene alee 846 DOLYSLACRYUM see ocular 827, 830 
CRUSUULLCLO Me et ee eee 846 DPTOCUMUENS ck ce se oe 537, 830 — 
SANALOPOLONOIGES a cieia eee «sete een te 524, 845 DP OSETCEUIMN sash 35 os Sais pow Oe aes EE ee 830 
ALT CTIULN Uae coke ete te ce reese ere lhoe eta 521, 845 SUN DIED) ood oy sieku ots ons ele tO Ee 830 
DaPDOLGe Mere fas a ante ta str ee 846 SUOSCOT;DLOLACS «22 ees ence oh ee 827 
DELLOler Ie tat rete cite: 530, 845 CONUE ae, rete wierd oosle @ 23 ali 61d Shoe tas AO 830 
BREVISDICA eee oe ie ee ee ok 528, 846 ENGNG wow sors Cradles wake. 2 Se Ce 830 
GATULORAN re reas ae cleric ctahctet fate stent tears 530, 845 ViTlelt sk = es ee Re ee eee 830 
CADENSISHea te mel Oe einer ean 522, 845 Chretomeris trichovdes..... +. . 550.42 nee 955 — 
Chon eae ete ia ete ea eee: 524, 845 HEYSODOZONes eee eee oe 779, 846, 999 
Cilia tame ert ee eee eines 527, 845 GVENACEUS vo:6.s <a o cas che « dhe cig ce as ORE 956 
CELONAE aint On es See 845 CUTOUT. oisss 0,4 ole ola e b 22218 sieusys_3 Sate SR EEE 956 
Clandestinakeis se sero eee 524, 845 PPV WUSs osc so ee ow ee os Ree eee 999 
COMPTESSOP EAP alt inte e Le 846 NULONE 2's Seca Socks a se, Olsen 956 
CHUTVILO PEA Ron cos ea en eT ee 970 GVEONACEUS Ass ducic ck bis 6 bho 0 oe 956 
CTUCLALA merre hersete ail hore. Bae * 519 UUNNCGNUS «.. 02d Ski os Os Oe 956 
CUCU ACA ee eee we eetce ss ei eee inner 529, 845 DAUCHIOLUSs +2. ieioeeie oelel a acre 779, 846,999 
CULL DET) ee ae ee a ee 827 SECUNGUS . Ss, oc.» abe Feats 6 aoe eles CE OEE 957 
CUM ODOM rn) cane soi iso et ee eeA 849 QP LGRLUE ., oo ove wa oo ofa vivo bs 06 SSE ARIE 846 
Gistichop hy! laee weiner ee eee 521, 845 Chrysopogon, section Rhaphis................ 999 
AL OCTILUTL anette A pele Rieke ee 845 CRIYSUTUSIAUTEUS. 2 vee eee eee 888 
GUOUN eee eo ae eo ee 890 CUNMOSUTOLAES. «2066 ee 06. see. a eee 888 
CLEO CI SRE OEE RAT Oe ck Sah erate 527, 846 Chusquea. quila.. 33. ad.csece ore e eee ae eee 189 — 
LULONITLLS AARNet oe ice eos 830 Ginna ec ois Sons tus Ree ee ee 355, 846 — 
soul ehet ts AS Ran oe ene BE Ree one 521, 845 AQTOSLOLHES «5. chs.c)s 6 ©  ouess S0l to Ree ee 847 
PAV AN Ae oe scene sys eas 519, 524, 845 OTOCRNOUED ioc oo oes Bass bs ue Bee 900 
PENIS SHES, 6 Abin s Ammen 6 SEE Ones T 520, 845 ATUNGINA CCR ae saree aie tener 355, 846, 903 
QULULCESCET.S at te ee eee 846 INCXPANSA es ese eae ee 355, 847 
Fa tISQUaimea rete eee 2 ey eee 528, 845 DENGCULG 6 5 o)o 0cie ahs a bw Solere ete 847 
LONGUDULDLe ee te re eee 981 OTUNGINACED. «2.0 50s selec s «eect eee 903 
LOULOTLOLL OR ees 845 DolaNnderti.cs:c.< a0 scl s eects Sees ee 847 
AUN OOO Mond Se Od ONO OO NORE ene 970 CELDOANSG,. « oc oe cic cis ss wie shee GIs ae SORE 847 
LOTLOSULC] UL Cee enon, etc ee ee meet 848 PUASOTINAS <6 cia oo nis «24 ao oat we Ee 903 
TUL CT.OTL OL Caen ee gen ee ees ee 850 GLOMET ALD | cvocs co a chsiee OEE 813, 902 © 
DELS LLU Re RT en Rae Aas 528, 845 lateralis ...c.ccieaoelaes Cb a6 MC ee 817 
COLLEY LT per eke eee eee ee 525, 846 LOLCTIPLOTS vielen 6 oyere ecieric sce oO ee 901 
NECLECtA ME aire ieiaieiey oe ease cre 521, 845 Va tif oli aie cece oho, oxo.cic olelersoetcuene teres SIN 355, 847 
DCAUCELLALG RRs Wc ciereke cele Neto eee 796 MOACTOUTG. sie.6 «6.00 10, « «ase © cre te RE eae 905 
OCTLUCILLGLG eee ate et ees ene 796, 846 MELICUNG s,s. dics disc vise die alec koe ene 903 
PCULACA re teiiiitis stoner toe peer are 520, 846 DENGQULG «2 on aisc.ceis Slo sin bene See 847 
DUDCRILE Ran ee eee ec ciete cech aca eS A eRe 848 QCUUPLOTE yore cn cie ss se coe ee cE 847 
DOLCLORILIS Mee en ee Ae ee en ee 892 Oolanderttc 5 dems e de) Re rete 847 
Molvyoscty la wae wqeees ercelee uate 527, 846 Glomerala. sick aes oon. ee EO ee 847 
DLICULIICRG eRe Eee oees cacti oly net een pee 526, 846 QGQLOMETULD§ 5:2 0.2 olde os AS Jone ee Cen 847 
PNOCUMOBENS tee tee erie cine cid eter 830 MULLCO shaic i038 0. oojaherdiens Gua e Cher Eee 847 © 
DTODINGUC se ae. Caleet oie eee Oe 845 DUNSRI sic aivieln. sb 4'e one ered, Basie Sve oe Oe 839 
PILDCSCENS nea. hae Te ee ete icl ae 846 TACEMOSD). Soicc sem ove wees» eee ECS 904 
PACItAare eer aoe oe 530, 846 SODOLESET CG sacis s b.05or5.gcnann e wae oe en Oe 906 — 
TODCNS ae Gee tae Se ee neee Le nee 860 LENUITPLOTO sisi od ccein sie sereuie Oe lc 906 
SCCUNOUS vipa aot ehe ate OR ee he aie ee ee 828 Citronella :erassis o..5 6c. uisssscteveeue henner perenne 7729 
SEDLETUTIONGLUS Meine aici Re erie ee ee 846 Classification of, grasses... .. +o. sels cee 9 
Subdohehostachya asta sae sere eee 528, 846 Cleistogamous spikelets...... 8, 180, 218, 225, 227, 
SUD MUTI CHa A aieteacsele ra yen eee 530, 846 378, 416, 448, 524, 627, 638, 735, 766 q 
SWORN Gee Bee nce econ Cee 846 Clinelymus borealis. oo seicle oe oo el etel ate 862 
SUOATLSUU cohen cere trot alc el ooe ear TA Lene oe Tass ete 846 CANGAENSTS vccsie cis ores cle Swuneisieteieieisieek etre 861 
LONUGS Shee Oe hi cis BVO REE oie S ehen R 830 QLAUCUS. Sele otek orto icles ieee et ae 862 
LENUISDICHs cake) ee oe ke ee 525, 845 CALISOTNICUS cise sc cis cee ele ere 862 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 
Clinelymus glaucus californicus—Con. Page 
WVU OESCENS ore sone Rome ede ee De OOS 
COLOT LUST ee Le ts 862 
CL ALLUTL LSE stata ensihes lene tee oe ene 862 
WOU OTASS He txt Meet ao sanenei diese wae Gece neces 354 
IG OASTUSATIC OUT He reesitsle save rerete sin i coe teat eee ean 732 
DOCK SLOO UR eas eet as ene oan ae 182 
MOCOOSIDEMbeyacis Oia che ei cane wus ete doe onan ele sions 339 
Coelorachis corrugata.... 16+... + eres eee scenes 894 
CULEMOTUCOTE Ma ana ase Sea a espa nies calles 894 
PONDS Svcs BYSeG OLE OO Te IEE REC i eer 894 
LESSCLL ALONE eo ane cre nial ceeieiaitc iter eine & 894 
HELO CT. CULOSGM HONE ene eile etecinns ten tetice Dotto sass -, 894 
WOR ATIECLASSHRIG TL Milanese eawlese ioe eed tie ane eee 737 
Oana re Pee rn teat wo wae ue nT a 789, 847 
ANG ULALUS WV ite vee ickolg ba bebe ts 975 
ADCLITOUL ESO MOR Ee Searing tals Ghetto We as 975 
LECT TU ON aE ae ite elena loc ips sora aes ernie. vies st aoe 847 
HalCry AMAL OWI as hence ie oie sa cles Tiaies 790, 847 
GYRE LOOT MOS SG OG A ee Be ae 790 
IS OLEATIUMU SMe i loaiel ots eo oe cee 354, 847 
Sub vilisheeme agers otto Soe, De Sates 354, 847 
Colomialdbentieet mace kee eis eh dees 334, 341 
Woloradorbluestemmecisis tans. sss dee see 230 
Gol podiumiaquatveund soci ee ees 844 
CONUDTESSUIMUP CEST RENE EL oe ee Ro sn no Sit eons 907 
SM OC GLH 2S BSB in BO ICI eae 9694 
LOM OITA UNUM PIE ae ae fas fe tees soe wane ois 935 
@olumbia;jneedlegrass..3 ses. oe 458 
Columbiana, group of Panicum............... 662 
@Wombsypaspalummmiccscwc wiles ewes ss. k ewe 606 
Wommonsnames seer es he cco anaes we 12 
Commutata, group of Panicum............... 677 
Conjugata, group of Paspalum................ §15 
Conserved generic names...................-- il 
COOSsBAVADCMEN ents ees See te ae we ay OOO 
Coracantmillete evap esis, kone ote teealaedca aes 501 
(CORA So, bois SG Red BIBI eran ae 508 
Ua Cerner ea MED Rare Cea ota Ais oho sous Cone soa Ga 513 
LOM Ea oS S255 sth Go ee Ae cer Maier oi ae ea ea ae 509 
ROL AIT CRAP RIE REE ee cae seth tardive sre avs 509 
SAEINEAC OWE a othe ec cute  aiage casi 514 
STMOOL Net een eee dar Mie ss ee eae, ose 511 
CWorrdochlodareyst eee ew Se 716, 847 
CINMICIIV A eI IEe Poe. ‘cea tece ansvees 24 716, 847 
(CORTE 5.5258 StS Bi ec RCE ee ee eR 6 
COs: 5S vaseula Ba ee ae ORE ee Re re rere ne 794 
Chickenvreguer creel sete vee iteae Wehner es (lo: 
GUETNB 68 Gehl BSS ae Ee ick Sut tno mE see IS 794 
ADIN So aa: Bol Denice: SOL OOS Coney ee Rep ae 794 
Indian me ean eS iM fe een ee oA 794 
DOC Mra eee en katate ty ahah ears 794 
DOD ERE ee ee A Moh ele inlokatts: oaths 794 
SWC CHE et a ee nee Ms Bos Moiewa nd Gyate is 794 
Cornucopiae altissima......... 0.0 tbe eee 803 
NCNLAASHP PEN Ey een he ee ie es ee 895 
OA CDRTIOSD 6 6.3% FO oo OS 6 Oe ek aera 807 
Wortaderiame nye oe ee nee a eee hs 189, 847 
CS CTL EC OPER ea er Tat 189, 847 
COLCA MM TPR tet sh ns MOSM. Ste cedoalts 847 
GUC od FA BOR BOT DR ee 189 
ULCTUSC Uae ers Mites et soothe oe ace 189, 847 
SCO ANA ae be, wee 189, 847 
(CORB DUS CHOU 64g hoc Ae an ee eee 853 
WorynNephorussenei ee a eee. 299, 848, 998 
CAMESCEN SHE cas Lk ee aes 299, 848, 998 
CORMG COMBE S06. OS 8. Ee EE 797 
COLCA ee ba Whe ke 223, 848 
PAPPOPMOTOIMES: 4.2) ipsa cs ee ee ok 225, 848 
CWOCEOMCO DM notes eae es hentia 573 
(COW NTA oo 6 Sigibicin 4G ALS Ho ee eee 232 
Craw oTAsste ae eee ee en Cee, 5738, 575 
STUTOO tlabecante tes ie Pt oee ne arate ete ote tg Terr 1) 576 
Ongenalia temulentas soos et el ee tec 893 
CraspedorhachisiterGnG =o. 5 2-0 F ee me ee ees 979 
CROBSUDOS CHMLUSo 0.6 bg .0 Bln bik Git 5 HONE ain Diecoee Roe 948 
Wreepiniesbentyrwinins hoes Moke ee ee Pence ee 339 
TNO OAK 5 'o- cabto. canche RB Nee) Ain ee ae oe Ean 381 
Crestedidortaileamsecn te ke. a Oe 183 
WW EEL ERASS AI mm Cerne Set rhb are CES Dek, 232 
Grin klecawin en es sei ee ok eleki sb Cees be 781 
@rinkledthainenasss sss ce eka ew es wee 295 
Grrtestongeniculatwiia. ae e eck we kee wos 885 
POUND 8.0 cdo 50 Boo Ra OS eee 885 
Crithopyrum trachycaulon........0.0... 00 eee ee 802 
Crunsinna breviguumts =k wk ec ces 900 
FUDD 6.5 ocho eRe 905 
OT SISH EE eh aae lhe hcce Meters 432, 848 
ACULEa GameArena Es eo bab 432, 433, 848 


‘S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


1015 


Crypsis—Con. Page 
GLOPECUTOLACS eo ee ee ene 882 
GUTLCE Dn aoe Toi eek eT OU ao EE 964 
THINTA CAM AR ste eee es ee Lea 433, 848 
SCHOCTIOULE Sis caepeteren end ean tae aha one OEE 882 
SGUATLOSGM es hel reais fon Raden Ls Ri Aenea eee hetes 908 
DUTT UTUUC Oeste cee eae on aM EE 965 

Cryptopyrum richardsont... 0.0... cc eee 801 

CriptostachySwaguieatae, acne yee ein oer 965 

Clenium sone nail ee ele ic Olas SAS 
ANUTUCONUM Ane ait ae eee 848 
ATOM AtLCUIM Mer Enel neeise eee 514, 516, 848 
CONOLUINIONUM:.. 20s oon cee. eee DLA 51657848 
MOTIGATIUM seen thee cee eee 516, 848 
CORGUALTIV ee oe ee eee 848 

Cultivatedioatzcs. oan. cee ee 300 

@upgrassemmery- tye! perio nie at coker 587 

A PRAITIS ee Sc aes renter a ew ao op eR 590 

@urlyamesquitesen ian ee eee ee 486 

Curtopogon dichotomus 10... 2.2 ce lee 820 
OT ECULUS Sah Sac aieverbeteye rit ee a ee eee 821 

@usickibluegrassnen ss oe ae ee ea eee 131 

Cutandiasmemphiticass...45 50 soe eerie 171, 849 

@utorassrice mares ea ee ee 558 

C@uyamacatreedgerasss ioe... dari ete 322 

Cymatochloa futons ee eee 929 

Cymbopozonm eric ane ieee 771, 849 
CILEA TUS Se coke ae er Tair ee 772, 849 
GUOU CUS RO ere SOR SIE Oe en gee 812 
MLELATLOCOR DUSTER es ee See eee ee 883 
NAT GUGM eee ne rake ene eee 772, 849 
TUPLES Rae oar ae, Oe eee ee 885 

Synod One ees snr yea olen Geel aeaeeeat: 503, 849 
QMODELS Sires ere ee ee A eee er ands 855 
CUCTULLCUSH cy eek eo Lee ee 898 

AROUITLANUSHcie ity ree Re ee 972 
CULLATES Eee eet nis AE ee ss Ce eee 866 
CULLCEUS Re este rc rer see ee es Ce pre ee 845 
CUTLUDENAUIDaAn Et ane 828 
CUIOSUTOULCSHeeieie heat a eae teae eee eee 959 
Gacty lone ers ran tics let eintes a iermeeneanen 503, 849 

TOT ULUINALS es Cea Es eae 503, 849 
QUTRUESTS EO TEES eee GRE CEE kek ee 905 
QOMAUNGENSE ie Se eae ake Sn ee eee Ee 890 

COL A1C4 Fe Har De SO Pena s EMSIEREE SEAPRNST C 825 
CTRECLUS AEN EEL eee ee et a con ee 849 
ASCUCULATISER Ge oe tons ae Sete ie ee 891 
BILOLCIUST Sitee eae eae Ones 860 
PUG ULL TIS ree eS eer ene es eb eh ey rege 849 
MVELUCOUD ES need ey ers sete a AER ee 828 
MOTVOSLACHY OSE mete nee ee 848 
OGCLCENEGLISE Maen etek es een oe 849 
DRGAGINALES Fotis hints rae eNoo MU ale SRS en RCN 936 
DOLLOTUCETUSUS sancti cuore TOE TOES 849 
Di LECOL AEN cy CeO ee 855 
MGOCUILUETUS nie ccs hate Ailes) htt eno cane ree 830 
EMULATES rome Ch eco EE le Ned esc rao eer 849 
CLANS VABLENSIS! eatin ere 504, 849 
DUNGALUS Meee cal Siena caam selec TAG en ROO 892 

CyNOSUTUSiaheswa. ce eke eels bah eee mate 183, 849 
LEG U DUEL WS rr hee ale ance ate) ONES UST 849 
QUT CUS aren rer ee 888 
COGOLUNAGNUS arene ee oe 850 
CORACONALS Hak tine eae Ce ee 860 
CLIStAGUSH Sree es cece eam TS ag nee 183, 849 
GOMANGENMSUS 4 Mee eae Ce Lee ae 890 
GAULT US pe afc aoe ee nee 948 
ECM AGUS cay tere use ee oer ee ee 184, 849 
EMOTE WS teres fee sl clare Te ehs ALOR eee 860 
SCCUIVG US Wray tee tee eds Vou entns Pees ype 828 
SUCULILS ae ae eke ee ST See ee 853 
COMELL US eet ran et pracy ee crs cia ee eee 796 
AOAC GO Soars Ces gta ETS ried eee ee ES CE ad 860 
UTUGILOTULS aS Naess cee ee ae eee ee 849 
OIOULE LAD lope PCRS Ee ONE CEO Pore onde ble oc 892 

Cyrtopogon Gichotomus. «2005. cs token ein 820 

Dactilonsopicinale-maery: eas ne eee 849 

DACCYLISP et ee VAR ee Sa nae 182, 849 
(IOOSMHAOUCIS SS ob Bs bc ows oboe Hoon Co bbe 6 959 
BIOMET ata te. cee ek eater eee 182, 849 

COG ALS eG e Ree DURA OE a OG 182 
OUD DULLES CCU ODORS OOOO Goda wee 958 
MEMO CO MMAR usr hes EE CE 849 
DOLCTUS He arene tee aie heen ee ne Cee ee 959 

Dactylocteniumiurecse in deliiie ne nociants 501, 849 
DEGUDUVACUI cnn crn insmiels. 1 shinee se Segeneie eae res 850 
LE Vip LAUT es ese netted: ehcleh c) <ce see ta Glvedeasuane 501, 849 


MLCT UC LOTUGLE ye tn GF ee rere eee elie ce 850 


1016 INDEX 
Dactyloctenium—Con. Page Deschampsia elongata—Con. Page 
MUUCTOTLOLUIT ales Cee ee ints ee ee 850 Ctltatar sy 2 a ti ckains ee hints cece eee 853 
ENECEULTNIU ek ciclo eeyerere een 850 LONUWIS. Cnc isticien ee ere ee ee 853 
Dactylodes angulatum........ccccceccsevesees 975 HexuGsa toe eee ee ey ee 295, 853 
GActilLOdES gh eee oes reac Crea ae eer 975 QLDUCE Res ee Rk ee ee 852 
Dactylogramma cinnoides. th. ets e's 4 < eee eas 902 TOCUUSE et Patio hes dalek ete Mee 293, 853 
DD actylonssanGUtnalismeie es eine ae ace in ere 855 OlcifOnmiSs-y acre e oer ee 297, 853 
WN alisserassmacr eect = ieee al ee DOO OLD NOOK eMOANG A: cee sea «ee eee 8 
LD) CLUCOMN ALL es ee i ee ee 877 Latif Olid ean dh cr Oe oe eee 851 
Want noni aneretane eke  meectas Gt eee 307, 850 DUNG CTU hicrns oo eucs Ape ei ee 852 
CILen Teese A ete ete eer aN 310, 850 Desert:needlegrass. J2..0.-.25-42. 4. ee 448 
QMETICON Oe a ene Sen heat nn 850 SaltSTassicc a ss.:2 ss cue ase ne ee 177 
Californicamepere 4) 22 kee ee 307, 312, 850 Desmezeriaj ac srseascs celica teyeeerociie 140, 853 
AMET CAN Aenea oe iene ee 312, 850 SiCUIae deco cs 3 oun eee 140, 853 
palousensis iil ae aa A imo hc aa 850 Devauriafiiitans... eee 880 
DUD CEU eee ty a ae eee 850 Deyeuxia, section of Calamagrostis............ 313 
TH POR OADM) noms nay noice Gla Wilde ab Oe ae 851 Degeuxig aequivalviso 2.1. 2 ee ee 803 
COMPLeSSaai eee ee eee 307, 310, 850 QUOC ES inn ach ns eae ee rene EE 976, 981 
CUSICKIT eee ee ee ee 850° GLeUttCO «acta iets Geen a ee oto Oe 842 
AECL See Ce ee ee ace DULCTUS 2a bcc, escuela Ok eine 842 
CDULUS Roa ee ee ine eee eee 310, 851 alopecuroidés-..4 240... de.) 4 eee eee 806 
EOI ee one tee ener ete nee 5 bolandert .m..A kata a eee 838 
(PMs 5 os Ohi. ooo OO b ooo ome ere o ooh ea borealis i je No low hui Avteg eeeern aL Eee 841 
GULMOSU ee ere ee a ae DRevLOnIStatG en ei eee eee 842 
OU OTLOULOT Orie ereteneten tens scta er ea yeeentae jeer 850 OTe WERE sou isla chi toss Aor eR Oe 839 
LTE GETING C12 say ee neta ten ee ron: 310, 850 CONGOCNSISs eee ae a eee eee 839 
CUSTCK TU SE Eee a eo ee 850 COTETENUS oie eye oon « Hisisteis Ss en ee 981 
MOACOUNTU rte ine tne ee 312, 850 CTASSIGUUMNTS2 eee eee 840 
POLES VL ae eee ote ements eee rere 311, 850 CUSTCHUA ccc 0 ais Bares ond Sree ee 843 
Longujolig reise mere ee re ee ea, elo 850 GUD Ud 5 siete aor yee ss arcacus usc seoal ay Spatck qs OTR 843 
DILOSay ee eee ee ean erie a caceene 312, 850 GLO MENA xen cr. aie eae ete eee 840 
DUI ELOTAUL TILA hea Oe ee ee 85 hallersanga. ace ie. eee ee eee 981 
DULPULECA ASE oo tae cheats eich esis easde eo teeccios 312, 1000 ROWE | cco scam ale aks eee ee 840 
{OXAINO SOC O. boa aku eh odoo oa Bemn au. 838 RYDEN DOTED) 3 SoBe Ge, cee eel ee ee 841 
SEMIANNULATIS: oe ete eee eee eeere 312, 850 elomgatd.. eulcs 6) cute ne ee ee 841 
SCLICCA te ae ere een teenie 310, 851 SEETLODES ix cchin arash c oie oot oA eRe 841 
SD1CA bat ee Cnr a ene 307, 851 leche voc eis ass oa ce BO Ee 841 
COTLDT.CSSC et ne ete ete 850 langsdorfi Suaevotete a pebseedt ave bs Fea oe MIR GR Eee Ie 840 
longipiloe ene fa eee 309, 851 MACOUNAGTG. 5) nee eee 839 
GOT ALOV POH (ISS AER ROLES CO oS 851 MMOTLATGTUSTSI a Peicieea ee ee 841 
EU DUC Oe ene Oa ene coe 851 MéGLECEE. .. eB sc,5.05 Sten ee ee ee 841 
VELOSO ee eee Heep a ee 851 AMETUCOTIO. Gio siere a terete eae 840 
Ghermeale erase ee ec ais see See 309, 851 DTevifOltG Vase oko ei oe 1 ce ee 841 
kao sa oa On ako on cosmes one 312, 851 GT OACIUUS © ois sins Senjn oe hsoe's ean Ae Ee 841 
iD arnelaeewe a rere r rae ae eee eee 274, 275 TOVUSED Kereta corres eae ea eee 840 
UD USOC EULTOLEG a ene ae ene ee 878 MUN GENSTS'siiciecioteaute > c.e e ee e 842 
IDSA MIO. 5 an alo OAD OO 6 Ob BOD DE Sme bees 997 MULEGIiONO= eee ee ake ene ee 840 
OULLGILELLG ages eee re et nen ete ee ee 210, 973 DUCKETING 1 sc cisieio oe ove okie ok eee 842 
BE) OL 7/ CULO eaten or ERS aes eee oa fetay ioe 997 DOTLETY cncte, cere fone es ae Oe 842 
GOUULSD. LG ee neice kn ae aie er 908 DUCSULU ri pi57 oh ey ede Bae EEE SA ee 839 
DCCONCOMLORGLOG i err aeton eet oo ete es ere ie i 803 DUT, DUT OSCETLS sete alae ee ee eee 842 
CUUSO Ce eee ee 898 PELTOFTOCLES a cee scisie cnr ae ee 803 
SLOLOMUICLO Me Eee. yeas ciiks ak euts ects 809 TUDESCENS s cc5hs jaya ts A tucxtsonstohe euler Ee 843 
WW CCLoTASSMEe ie Corea ce ees 410 SUBSAOT{G eons eto ee Se ee 843 
/ DXCU OTRO SG BS eae Bee oO OO OL ee 140, 853 SYULVALCE. cece vies lee Ce eee 843 
IDyeyavebeorenlb enki, . 4 66. 4s 2 Ao ee A oR ee one 29 LWOEDY 7, «. Sco aticha wlsia Rr OI ee EE 843 
VANGIE OLUS Renee euene eet tenet Tamme ei al te Saw: ranches 29 VAN COUVETENSUS. cre eis te roe eee 841 
Depauperata, group of Panicum.............. 643 DOTS 5 aed 3 aos Be ee ee ee 843 
DESCHAM PSA ae ae ra et ieee ee 292, 851 Diachrog martin. succes 40. + sen oe ee 946 
Glinicola wasn et se ee eee 852 DEOCUMOUENS=1, « @ «cecal ancien eee 891 
ANLUITU.G se eae ae Ie ne 852 DianTing oss cds se he ee Eee eee Al 
ORCLICUR Ee ee eee sme 852 WESLUCOTDES ae 2 Se er Ie 171, 853 
ARTO) OLN OURS... 5 apa Gon 8 eke Goer 294, 851 SYLVALUCO a. sain «0,2 Oe io ea Oe ke ee 853 
Uhh Lelie ears eRe Serene yee be 13 852 Disrrhenay 3 aie. 2a fo tact eee pee 1A; 333 
ILUTLOT ge eT a ane na ey 851 AIMELICANA «40 osc sue al se oe on eee 171, 853 
DE OGIO) UL Cen a ee eee 852 COUQUCO nos onions ele Cee 844 
OR AONb o id yo a wo nen AD oo ee 852 GRUTMOUN ACE eee eee See 854 
CAeCSpILOSamee ee eee en ee 02a bee DANING accede cede ste See Ee 853 
CUD UNG Ser Le aoe eee 852 FESUUCOLOES ystenie 2 Oe eee 171, 853 
DERI CTESTS seen aie ets eee ee ree 395 SCE CEG 5-3. ae flew s Piss tae ee noe ee eee 875 
DOLENy CO ye Oe 852 Dichanthelium, subgenus of Panicum.......... 638 
ODL OMIGTE mothe Gets ot Maen Ait Ae can ny cite 852 Dichanthiwm Nodosumms.. . «04 1s ehe eee eee 814 
GOT [UE Sie arta te eieeces tases tyeetuettes nies ae 852 Dichotoma, group of Panicum. .se2-- eee 650 
DENULT Ce se ee 852 Dichotomiflora, group of Panicum. 4%...). 0). =< 684 
OLCLUCO TEER eter ne ere rte ie ee noe 852 Dichotomous panicums, . =. 4....c.cie seers 638 
ROLCUOTIN TS ne ee eee 853 Dittusa, group of Panicum. ws.ae. eee ee 691 
buttoralis wee aoe eie ens te eee 853 Dipibaria seer etl ee eee 573, 854 
LODGULOT Cae re tts os tiie ee 852 QdSCENdeENS ae ie a itis else sie ene ee 855 
TLOTLELIN Cee tei ete eee a re 852 QDICOMA SiG cess csiscsis eo sleiceor ie hereto 583, ee 
TOTO Ore eis eet eee eee as 852 ADD ESS cio caves as2 oS isksis os deen ee ae 
Aivatl OLa ees es ere ree eee 295, 853 11h Re ee eT Rs tee Ne Pen OE we 582, one 
COLYCING A een a eee 853 barbatatise vias veces fe ae eee 5 
CULUOLO en eee err 853 COLISOT MICH win ocho euehs eke ore atcha Heuser Re 969 
COM SUIUUSH, Very at sieve thenay nie oie accuse choise oroieiere tele 852 CRITENSTS rss FSi as oe ole ee OE eee 856 
CONnPeStIORMIS: «.40e.55. 5.002 ee 294, Bes COONALG., ACS ee OE eee 892 
CUTLULOL Cees eo ee 852 dactiloie. 3. See Moe als ee ee 849 
danthonoldess= eee ee 293, 853 decumbens ishi.3.cparvdele seine ee 584, 854 
OR GCULIS oc dess Bis bie CS Cae he ee 853 DiGuhala is ee oca the, sessed hho eee Oe 854 
Cloneatavi AA ws) 223 Ne ace ae eee 293, 853 Gilatata swe iice eis nets oe ee 928 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 


| Digitaria—Con. Page 
ATSEUCTOM rer er MoV ce esci Mos odusheastatien cian 929 
dolicophylla..... Lh chao eran aR NE Om 580, 854 
AGININGENSISH a ee ee ee ee 825 
HUTEORIMIS eyes kee ee ones n 579, 854 
VUULOSC erie ere ie Acice ete tin es She 856 
EMLOTUGLO eee ere veicc oe ae iiole ohne e weet 573, 855 
floridana............................576, 854 
YORONGIS SN OOo 6: Coos eae Lie elec Ce ae 933 
(GUCDRO SS SA aoIOS OB BOUL Ee e 854 
eracillnm serie ee Ne 581, 854 
ACC COCK UU uae ieiecac chines ste we ee 970 
MVOLIZOMPEAIS esses chs eds a ew ole lee es 576, 854 
DRUID aE ee re odo ares Snes. arden Be 
MIUSULUG It Seating tee Di ec oe a ENS eae a 
ASCIACMUIMN sie lcd ec wh eo eee 573, 576, 854, ae 
Mississippiensis.................. 576, 855 
GIN GICENSUSHU NaN een eee ee See ue es 854 
LaevighimisMpe er am cout. oe owe ee 580, 854 
Vewcocomaper ene Ne Pewee Van ie a eae 580, 856 
VeWCOpNGecarmn ey eect a ie oes 970 
Momeiloraiiey oie hes ees ses bien dies 578, 855 
{HO RADY ROH IESE OG Sts a ate osc on aa a 849 
ASOT ARCH Rae is ee ROR ae te a ee 855 
USL OBL O RS eo ee al ace cect ie eae ge a a 855 
ODI ROSS DAIS oka Dies SORA e, RRCEE, S e a 849 
TUCHULEYV MMe ad Pea Mey Fc neues on anes 855 
y OREO Kayeray eae Se: ai ain ce 581 
MOSDALODESy Rae ey eee iagek ae 596, 826, aae 
LL ETUS Tepe ON ENR AG Sassen c) en aua ste. o-a ave ektienaiacde wee 
AUCH OLAN Ma Ae dl win sient eisceciese 582, he 
FOLSLON IZA ee os cate as Sort ia 584, 855 
AVULOS OR Pa CN ROG re Me Bag. aise) cievane, a levaliediabe« 856 
OLGLUCOULES EPR ero eed atatde lvls sonnei 825 
I CCO MN PoP Ney siete) aisgs halo) «eas oy eves ene, suis 0 ne 855 
BUT OMe reo aCe. oteias oes sue eae 582, 855 
Sanguinalis...25......0..-...+-++.08, DUS, 855 
CITATISMERNE Ree Oru ee ch ecg es 576, 855 
[KORMATUGIS 5 es ois Sha OO ee 584 
ATULGG LIVE OTe eae irae cose costae loyshie 855 
BEROUIM A ae mete ep ies She dole ce vadl Shoe 578, 855 
IS CLUG CTCL eS a en eee Mie oes Taira Nai dahindgia le tote 982 
S CLOSE NEN TET Roe eel ns eve. oie cabal Eaten tosete 854 
SIMPSON eLearn << ct sods a DMSe 800 
SLOLOMULET LR MET Sears ieee, ole, Shean eal ctlun las 849 
SUL CA YAMIN NaN ss sud sie. Sia ord 583, 856 
Swazilamdensisiis srs osc s i cteieu sic aes 584, 856 
Texan ae en ennai sae arose Oa ODO 
POSIIO TERS 8 6s SSS CMOS CO oo econ ae 933 
VI OS ARMIN Sern we ciy si etter s cote Racial cd 589, 856 
VAI OLASCEMSH Nien eattal save. Guckavie Gis ptekutes 576, 856 
AGU DNUSHCINETUCANG Noise oie diacele te o.5 so oe os ss ese 935 
arundinacea Bye ae Were Serer as heitie ois oan tates 935 
UCL Ne Le ee Ue heroes wetelecslccteeats 935 
Dilatata, group of Paspalum.................. 615 
IDYGOUPUTD GRISIDSUM Deh o5 bd 6S ols BE Aeon one: 831 
ADNGUSLUOLLUTU ES ne eneee ore pe bo shaker eniciie 982 
CRECEULIT PE PU EE  AY DITA sisi ng Wayne ees il Ces 831 
MOR YLOP DUDE A Sb AOD 6.0 Oe De > PDE ee 905 
Dimeiostemon macrurus... 0... eee ee 813 
CORRESOCA NR s'+ 0.0 S/d Ol ceo CMe ae eC ee 817 
DETHOOMS 6 6.6 bslocd & OO eo Ce Ee oe 817 
LDETRATO LOOGPEDSS ob 6S 6 Soe Oe en See ae 884 
WOM EU COURS CNG Sese on NES rea i iee lei hive elon 884 
Dimorphostachys, group of Paspalum.......... 610 
Dimorphostachys ciliifera..............0045 611, 930 
drummondii BOI hl POA GT aR a Oe 930 
UUMTCB Bo BESS & AO ae ree 930 
Dineba Fieeiion Ae od At oe liter Ca Re aT aoe Rea 845 
COUTLUDEVAULL Ga eH Sek iow tive sileecebaleis vice 827 
[PHRSUUIE So bis SRS S BIO EO Oe eateries 827 
GAWCOIDNDS a 5.o ha ob Re OE eae 828 
SCCUNA GE MOA ich ies oibieee cr stale eucdeimis eh 828 
IDEA OPSSHCIDUCIB3E 5 5 AA ood SO ee a ae 827 
OP OMPOUCIES. 5 5 SOS SL CN Lee 829 
CROMGROSVOTA ES isis Oan epee eta eie dee ena shee Sie eens 827 
ID GDIGTA LOD CKADTDU ACTOR bis LAE oe Ce ee 891 
COP MOULD SoH 5 aS 6 oe Cok Tet ee eee 892 
CRUOTRUCUWOTINUS UIs ip isle ccs oe so stele e «lane 890 
BONING ENSUSi eee Oy vise oi me cnah ii el ooksabe sie 890 
DOV de Bd GOGO Abin Oe CRE eee 890 
CHP OSTHOR ADDS. 5 eee cas SO Aaa NO tera IC 890 
moo diwana ew. ko. co's soe ole woelacel 890 
DEVIVGUCC TLD RAR ee cits Mame ttetoie.t 890 
 USCUCUL AT USE ee NE Neret ates aides teice alee 494, 890 
WE 6.61036 6.6 Be O e PRES CS ec EES 891 
SID GUCALG EAM in aevce, Siewerlap aie) © af aala ie 892 
TROT ULUTUD ee aa Tide sae PY ed sitiele ei oie hnkss 494, 891 
ORCC. Be CORES Ee oe 


. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1017 
Diplachne—Con. Page 
j OE CRA ie eae i aed tea ny aN ALAA REE 890, 891 
DEUTUG LEU SSNS I Coase co see hoe ye at aaa ea 890 
PUOCUMDENSS J ven meaty Motte oe ht ee oe ee 494, 891 
MEVENCHON Te Lie Rien sa aa eit Naty en 974 
NUGESCENS ahi CS a ractcncayel rok th Oa a Ue tte 
TUGUAG NG) RS IEG a Eee ite en Reka Ne 852, 869, 948 
SPUCALGN ROR ANS Ao ay nk a Re a ea 974 
LARADACATIONS Mola, e ean ifs eae ne ca 892 
UROCU Un cassie ards, te, eon en Mn ee 891 
UT UIVETUUG; are GUN ct oar e un Pa an Re 892 
WERLLCTLGLG 28, Te hon tects oe Ron ee 892 
VUSCIAD Ste et s,s cy eR oe Sa Oe 892 
Diploceabarbata.3.. ee noe Mead ae 974 
Dissantheliums 308 ee ee 171, 856 
califormicums ss: ecn a eee eee 173, 856 
SUPMUMI Aare te A ee ee ee ee 173 
Dissecta, group of Paspalum...:.............. 601 
Disticha, group of Paspalum.................. 603 
Distichlists ie eye peat rae elena reS 175, 856 
CEN OLG rt cd er re ee ee 177, 857 
TGTUETING IE Oh a hp een en ase 856 
SERUCLO Hie cele Rare AN te ee et 857 
IRUULINeTVOSd cen ee ee ee ee 207, 979 
nodosa eS armel es Pur aa Powe om ald Ne eae (Oo dh Ge 856 
SPICAUANE a erste tacccs teen tae eee 144, 175, 356 
DOME Sirah a eh B) eitca een RO 856 
distichopnyllamaccc. sot en ee 856 
GiVaricatQners eee ee ee 856 
LOCO ies ae ee Ce 857 
UDI syenscsos cake ve oneroneaclesnok Om eee 177, 856 
SLOLONULENG ocd ss eee ee ge 
SLERUCEG verre Mon eats dege ee are ee Pe 
SUrICUAR cee Se ee eee aspen eh (es Bey 
(fe Natit Uae a Tee ener IRD SPU RRC a IS lu, 857 
COXAN Diese Pee, Gon een we 175, 177, Sey 
Distomomischus myuros. ... <6. 2. 0's 2 os ee 875 
Distributioniofjerassess..0... 40.1 iene 
Ditchipolypogom ay see eee ee 363 
NB eyed eer Lia: Aaa esgry eae Ni nay area st ap eA es Ce ype rly ean tac 183 
CRESTOR Ret ari cmes ric date eae a nes eee 183 
DONAGLOArUNdINaceuse 4 4 see ee 825 
COTA ee eS OA ER ne ea te a i 825 
Downy Chessy ee ¢ see siete st eee eee 54 
OAUETASS AR Us Noh ocala ann ae ey Eo Tees ee eae 310 
Droopine-wOOdree@ ans c. cs sateen ce ee 355 
TO PSeed a ears u tae Gal Aus one Nae Meek ce aU Rei aie 413 
Ila Okeke ens eter ep clacton ee eer ater 420 
PATI GL NO Medel rte ieas clove sts ree mesic Meee seal eet 428 
Ha ipyert tahoe ce ns oe ae Me ee 432 
INOS AR cata sete einen atiaaceh geen econ: Cem e pe erage 427 
Neale yee tae ORE Gol Sue R Joe un venena Gae dee 427 
DIAITIO Se i eee eae 420 
STN ciate AIA a Ee ew ceeepa ets Sec ee eceaes sh een g ae he 425 
STO LIS OMe ries fon coats ane eal c nis een See ene 427 
DD) LTTE STAC ras os Aint nee eae SIS areca a eater erate 345 
SANGO U Teena cce ets ieee cee cen ae eS 735 
Dunesrass Americans obese cle ee 251 
DDUDBONGIAACOOLE Umea entice etna ater 976 
TE) UT aero cease inne seers actieey an Per rae eae me G3) Lo 
Wurundtswhea tye. civcr sc ees ees cee eae 245 
DYLEDUTU MAU ULSI cea dees oe oe ee ee 905 
MUNULUALOTUIN Mea eo ea ee 905 
VASTSrMEMANNAGEASS a cts ics vee uece alee) ale eranlare cnet 84 
ALOT ONA MMU econ te ocelot eee eae 961 
QURUSEOLO aes svcecesvsiene oa eee tree Sie 286, 962 
GeTUSUPLON Oa sce ocete isin iene. steko nee I eee 961 
Gudleyus eee Sale eet ee ee 961 
LGHORIMUS Heiivers eahecetlersl feed ort ea eee ete ee ae 960 
QLEDROT RSs cota hear sO Tea ane si chenetoreusiuan cosets 961 
Ry DTA eeeccnrc ro eae ene rern ae eee 960 
UNECTIN COLD eS ae here ine eo Cie 960 
LONGUAOTAD Bos ee ie evar oe a eaniaee eee rete 960 
TULL AGE aa alie! scar sc anac seatonane alt, ctiaba, iT oued setae renege 961 
ANOVA VINO N Ao Hee ORRIN OPE eae he Meer ie ATEN 961 
DUNTUNAOSCEMSiaa a cron tometer gee ee cnnsragae 961 
POD USED A Oe UE ear ra 961 
ELLIS tee EE ic oar eer PLE SION Lorine, Wight 962 
pennsylvanica Fee ae oa hed we vas Sua aR ORO BRS 961, 977 
HUET ORIVES Coe sin see eee ee 960 
LOGON. ina Lith Oe ee 960 
GY OT ea eh eee ate: Suen eee a nse eae oa ea 960 
DUDESCENMS Sets oc Sires Coemuihe fo Bene Le ue 961 
DULDUNGS CETUS eran snniege eiedaue asians take ch oeee eel 925 
TOD USEC yeaa es JOA RA TRL ee Reale 961 
E-chinochloat eee s cen oe enna 711, 857 
COLONUM Ae ech ear oe Bltinuee Aalgie 711, 857 
[TULINENLACEO eye re ee ii Re 858 


1018 INDEX 


Echinochloa colonum—Con. Page Elymus—Con. Page | 
ZOTAR aes eee rae e Nees oiees ees en ee 857 BAMbICUUSs,. cat eevoUaee aka earn Ree 254, 860 
COMPOSI reais oteraee hat inre eecesiat ee 859 SUTICOSUB)4 Ao8 hoa tee cep ion ee ee 255, 860 
CEUs ral pie eo eee ie tartan ce 711, 712, 857 AMETICONUS Be Pe is BE BLA oo ne 861 
ATUSUOLG else SS Oe ES 858 ampliculmisi (ese ke ae ce ee 863 
COLOMUTM tres tes Ne ee te 857 ANGUSUULOLUULS sare es ee ee eee 257, 862 
CLULIS Py ee aan Oe. 85 Caespitosuse ee aoe ee ie eee 862 
CUULS=DOLVOTLES ieee eee ee 715, 859 ATCNATIUS te whe os ee eae i ee 251 
COLLIS SR Rt a ee 715, 858 COMPOSILUS Ae eee ee 251, 863 
frumentacea................ 711, 714, 858 MOULS es ache ee one ci eee a 
USDA eee eee eee 860 VULLOSUS BAO 22 eo Shea tae 863 
LGCULGOLO Cree eee 860 arenicolas ces ae eee 249, 252, 860 
LON GISCLOW NE he ee tee mua en ee ee 984 aListatus gents fi ids oe ee eee 258, 860 
QLCHO1LD) et A ts ee eee 858 OTUZONICUS Ss Sa Foe ate de es ee 796 
TUES tetas Mieees wee fy ee ee eee 714, 858 OTKANSONUS: Sele. ge eee eee 259, 863 
TUT COL ee) ee ee ee 858 QUSET GUIS A AAS Bako et ee 
MLULUCO apne ee Ea Ee 858 glabrifloriisosns ik eae ee 864 
DULDULCC reer tee ee Cer ee 858 DOr Calis. chi Se ee eee tee ee 862 
SULDILLO 711071 ae eee 859 Drdchystachys: 24 oe. ee ee ee 861 
LEE Uni ere er een en aN an ee a 858 Drevifoltis os... Rate sa Aas ase ee 955 
ACRES 65 ho Ong Ghose owe ene eae 714, 859 DROW At ic ois. are Lol See ee 862 
CLUS-DAVONIS= eens eee ten ees er 715, 859 COUSOTNUCUS el a ee ee 887 
CUDENSISH ee eee aS Ole Oe 908 Canadensiss s....... 55 es oe eee 249, 261, 860 
CORN OLAS Terre ey ne eh ae as ee 858 brachystachyse. eee 261, 861 
CTILCTIORTIUUS meee ee ee as ee eyes 831 CLESCENDUSS cs and Oe ee ae 
ULCTULO. CE en ee 858 GLADTAfLOTUS. 2. ls tl ee 
LOGEC TSI CLO te ee ee ee 716, 860 GLUCOSE eee 860, i 
PT CTOSLULCIU OMe ene eee ee 858 ENLENIMEGLUSs 2 a tact | ee ee 864 
MNUUTUCOLO ite ack sie a ona hed caw ee 712, 858 DENAUUS OSU hir ois ne 860 
PL OUICLO 1. Ue ee ee 858 Diiladelphicus. ss 2. ee eee 861 
LUG OSLO CHL Caen ee ee 858 TPODUSHUS ES 3 5c es ee ee re 261, 861 
UTLAULLLT {LOT Cae ee oe ee 858 UULLOSUSE S eBook stoi ee ee 861 
OCCICENILGLTS ee tee ee ee 858 CONINUSL ne ee ee ee 796 
OGCUCCTULC 7s eee tee irae ee ne 859 CODUALUS Soo Se ATS a eee 863 
Maludigenapee see eee eee 715, 859 CApUt=-Medusaes 2. a sels ates eee ee 250, 861 
SOULE nee erst eo pao ee 859 COTOMINIOTUS.. te a ee 864 
oly stachyarwe ee eee =e eee 711, 859 CULTIST Poe ut eee at tr ae 862, 863 
AVILTEG CTU S Oe aot icks Se nme a ees ae 712, 858 Cinéréeus 3. 420 oe eee 249, 256, 861 
COCTCLOLOMEE etn eg ee ae se 85 condensatus:. 445" 6.) se ee eee 255, 861 
PiLLOUUCTOT. ae ee ee 859 DUDENSS Poff) oe Lee ae ee 256, 861 
TLTCEO SLO.GIT Ore eee ee eee 859 ETT COTES 5. h0 3a Se 863 
TTLALLCOTLO TC ee ee et ec ne ee 859 CTESCENGUS Ake ee a ee Ee 861 
OCCLOCTILGLES HM ee et ene 859 CUTVOLUS 527402 SS oi thas ee ee 865 
VEG (LTCC Ua cea 859 GUD OTMASEL SAS Be ce te es Cee 955 
SCLOULLUC OL Caen ee ee ee 859 DWVerG ENS x ei eee 862 
SUAS INA ae iy oe ee ae eee ee 984 eG ueT SiG ULINtS ae et ee 259, 862 
WA Der lien eee ree iene gine ie ee 715, 859 DiVeSs 6 igh eee te RGIS ee 863 
OT EntSCLa= gas otis is re 716, 860 GUTS Sovarcte ho ake ST es tht oe 864 
leyebhiy. 238 See Ro a ee 716, 860 CGENLOLUSS. 6 ota Oo ates oo eee 862 
zelayenstS............-.-- ae 859 CLYMOLAES Sioa) s hoc Cue ee Das Oe 955 
TTLALCET CRE ace oe ae 858 fa vescens! A).10 cee ne eee 249, 252, 861 
STLO CG SUL ee ae et a em ee 859 PILANTEUS: si dsWece le bos ee eee 262, 861 
ZOTLALUS er ernst ee MR ree ae 857 QADER eid oo hs AS he he te ne 955 
BCLOSDenmase eee ieee ee ee 207, 860, 996 GLGUTTAOTUS a 4 anh ee ee ee 864 
alexandra Coes aren ee en ee 860, 995 QLAUCT{OIUUS 5 Po Sct ee ne 860 
Egyptian wheat..............ccc cece eee eee 245 CTESCENGUS oc 2 i ee 861 
Deva 5 4 oo Hee oie ao ea ess 6 OEE 549, 860, 998 TODUSLUS 5 od FE Le 861 
CQLY.C1Tl Sees eee een emer need 551, 860 glaucuss Hels) ook pester ee eas 249, 256, 861 
CADENSIS es ster ee a ee to ee 549, 860, 998 OTESLOLUS ns AS oa A eee 860 
CLEC Lan weet ce es cyches tera Meee a ree 549, 860 Dreviaristatuse.. oa ee ee ee 862 
Eihrhariva clandestinae ©... -es fo eee eee 889 JODSONIS =. Sec ce Soe eee 257, 862 
AEST OTE ere eee eee eco) ee ete ie eee 245 JEDSOW I waning tse hte 862 
Hlephantyorasseme see. ee ene oe es Mud MOLIMNUS «hss bie oe A ee OEE 862 
HL CUSINGE Cy tet ne rad aan eae 499, 850 CONUS. oto eis cae Sa aol eee 862 
EGU DELO Sens PURO cee OR ne 850 UUTCSCENS cher 5 cal ee Oras 864 
CEU U DEVACH att ent Se eae ee ee 849 halophilus: Ply ss F084 ee a ee 864 
CULOLOE eee 982 RAMSENG. si TE 955 
COLA CAN Laer ase et ee cece 499, 501, aoe hirsutiglumis.. o. =... seks ee ee 262, 864 
CTULCTOL Ce SE BE Ie staan Mec ete eee 850 Hirsutus: 2 cose. Bee Ree 257, 862 
LOIVIITUCTUSTS see eit eee 860, 890 hirsutus'Sfo RI eee eee 863 
OHTA R cae tPA aR A Wg acy wee deg OY ey 3 Site 948 hirtiflorus's4, ss ios ieece Tepe eer: 253, 862 
COU DEL tts eee a ea coer ee ee et ee etree. 850 hispidulus rr SOS A ee eee 862 
ELON GOLD ee ee Ee 891 hordevformis: fies sets oe 864 
LLVSOTITAUS Cte eee ee te een ee 891 howellav ee iw ak ee 863 
GEACULLS NER IE aes Sinesic eras Seo eee 860 hystrieaas st MOE ae ae 264, 886, 956 
INLGIGAI eee es. ert: keane 499, 860 INNOVACUSE. 2.3 Ghia yee ee eee 252, 862 
INOIOTE eee ened ee ea 860 VIUSULATUS MG. aS Feet eo ferent Ae me ae 956 
TALC OT OL ne ee ee ee 850, 891 tN eNINERTUS 2s es eta ee 864 , 
DC CELTICL ea ate are cins toe ae ate ais oe ace St ate ee 850 interruptus SaiGr tyler insite Sieetade Se ree eee op eee 259, 862 
SCOUT Ae cic she miata eee eer ae ns CaaS Se 860 FOVUNUS Ee shale eels ee etal Sa roe eet 864 i 
SDORSOS Geers tee ete Re Ae nero enna 891 FUDGLUSS c.d.a selon shatay tot otocetet et eter OREO eee 885 _ 
SUGLCCO Mate mtr apelexe eeersiere ee ieee hae sare hee 891 LAN CCOLGEUS..5 hittear ais eos tok tol boleh eter ee 797 a 
ErISCACH Ver ete a ite eee eee 501, 860 letkhenbytitoc oo os ae 955 
DLILCOLOLUCS te teiaeve al See ee 892 MUCK ENSUE ante fetes nC ee 862 
VETO OLD Hn ae se ee er ae 892 MAcounil. 52.4 t5 Gis Le ee 257, 862 
BLECLOMUC OTe ee eee ee aoe 998 MOTOS ooo sk Bo ee Re ee ee 862 
HMitoct beard eTassic aise mete ae eee eens ore 766 MVANOT sive sie oo aVete eels echoes o okee. te ee 956 
IRI LYTTUUIS Soasiecce eel ere recone A Ee ee 247, 860 MOIS So Aises hes a ee ee 249, 251, 863 
CUCULATUS id age ohh ede Lh es eee 863 OT EVISDICUS sce ns 0 Oe ee Cee ee 863 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1019 


Elymus—Con. Page 
POLES Toe ke ai oe ore 862 
PALE LOCUS EN yeeros aie slioteee Gee hita tale aiatens 797 
HLLLEUSCLILS OPERONS ore ites ek cece ie es 797, 956 
LULL OAES Note at ret hao hellotie tecue sesce arse aijeitast cotibve ns 861 
OCCU CTEGIUS RY RAE ier arene tober i insse aceite 862 
OT CALUATUUS BOP PCC ete Hen ete a Noha ia adie cata lnneis 863 
ACI CUS Her ee een aetna ve ne ac 254, 863 
(DOP EA SOG oi BiG Gla are ae GRAS REE TEE Ee 862 
POUCH NCL SES dc 5A tego OS eT 802 

WOVEEO 5s BESS ee 798 
DSCULOORE DENS eee iChceie ties ioe oheuenei 798 
SUS OSCOUILO USPHS EI eto rah ieeeetae 801 
DRGUGA CUD UCUS etre ee nics oe cise se oe ate 860 
DEOCRYSCACKY Sum te oe ue ey ane 861 
LOE SORTIIS 5 5S Seas se ena a Ra a a 861 
DEMOS PMC Re uem re Gove se haath Poets ees ieee gies 861 
TOUMLSELUSHIC TG eeeeke «tyne shut ec cree ces 861 
(DMD SISK ses 55 Sere Ee SE ee 1000 
(PRC DODCNLISE SES aed 6 oe Dee 863 
PX OO STUBS STR pe On Bee 887 
(DQUDESCEN SEE rae citucla ene a 8s 46-4 oh la 863 
UL DUSLOT US RESUS ReeTd S| Gere 0S Sse 0s Geis sce e's 955 
TCD CIUSEA PAN Re aoe ee ostoeee) leis. cde) noe! ava. ‘se aulel epee 799 
PON ORB NURS} AG 5:53 hat gu et ae 261, 799, 563 
TOU USES ER ee R TT Oa Re ints fo eutee weve sie tinea dus 861 
DESERET eee wc cies win a sea fisbope 861 
PCO 6 6 3c oO BD SE 799 
SALISH ER is ct a ee 255, 863 
SQULTUA CES UU EVE Tt EE lets Rk sede stieweuis 243, 799 
CALM ORTUGUS ROR Ne a So ieiee ie esieltossacs 243 
SA TUCOLGR A eo dnicden Bite ee ene oars woe 799 
CPUC os Se 5 EO De Oo EE ee 799 
SLO MICIIS MT Misa paler: citeillvc cle as cig «ake 249 
POLK AOIES "5 SE ee: 861 
GLULGUS RN ts We nico nb eke aie herey soko ake 861 
HGPUS Ts St LER Gio. cote eee 798 
SENT E Re ete ae ects ects clare ee 254, 863 
EPO UCHOD sO ee Se ee ae eae 863 
UALOCID o.& Bos es StS EL OCR ere eT ee 955 
‘OLOOLY Ts 5 SRS ROS ao LR ae Ee 956 
SHO Gia 05 8.6 kts BOSS OT eee 800 
HOOCOMGS 1S BSH SABE ODES CORTE Cee ee 890 
MADDHOSO0S abo o bob Gri aE ee eee 798 
SER AUULS ER PAE Ee ere hake clo ie hnsceoe ts 258, 864 
COP LO SOHDUDs Os eis SS 6 MBI Ok SOs 
NOUNS 5 SSS OS SSCS SS A ee 863 
UL LOSUSHP ER hoe eae eran vo ean 863 
LIPUGOUIBS 68 & 6b B18 6S CONES Bee ee 863 
SUT OSUES Pa aot nee EW leristoas: eoccalis legs tone 255, 860 
SOLDOOHUGUS > 4. 66.85.58 Oo Be Oe Ae he ee Ie Ee 865 
SLOT UL OS USHPL ARO ETE Oro ois Srcse ss orieciue eebeae 
URIGIC OIC ES HAR tore eles eeu 249, 253, 863 
MOWHIARG 20 6 5p Soto S OSE iG ee 254, 863 
OUD CSCENS He aaa toi cctv ececdie oats 254, 863 
SOURS < 86.6 SS Oa Bio See a Ee 863 
WAN COUMVETENSIS cc. ilies oe lokeiels slo slsue-e 0s 251, 863 
COMATUS » 66 6 65 BOR 6a ee ee 862 
DEMO TIOPUR oth ja.5'.6 5.0 6S OG OE Ee ee 255, 860 
DMO RISSOMOOID S 566 B's 5. BS 5 aes Mee Ee 863 
VIN OSUS MMR eters ocsic aes cistens sasces 258, 863 
AIMANISAMUS pe ieiscceiese ls cievcbce sc ales 259, 863 
[MOMOOIAT IS 355 Sie eS OE eee &61 
VAT CS COM SMR Arya hole icine cis syoleuioeleue ce 6 257, 863 
TATA RTUOU Gs, 60-5 clo hore Oe Eee ee 261, 864 
REUAIOS «5 6 Gis O65 See oS ee 865 
BUSETAIISEWA ie Scie feos sue sueicicieieie o'e,e 262, 864 
PlabriiHlOrussy ee co ceuskeie se aces. 262, 864 
CULSETOLUS HM Coren ect olen doe oae occas 864 
GULOTULOULS EON ee ys keke, tclec #dé ayeierets 864 
GLOUCUSHR eC Ie knee sal al es dete 864 
Malophiluspeeecrn ee vube cece lo ne shel» 262, 864 
; [LoISIOUCIING yas SARI as ik ee an ere 864 
RUSUELGU LT LIS Se yc ic elotods elven wiles 864 
ANGLETIMEGIUS soci. acho ciuc dle clave ous esac 262, 864 
CILLA SMO eke ed car hoe si ate, avec aves ws 864 
HOUPROURGLOS 5: . GASB ab SB REaONG SI Caer Cre 864 
DOO 5 So. 6 8iStot RAO ee eee 864 
SULDITVULUCO MN cs Chore ray eta aga ale tce he 865 
SUIPDINNUGIGUSIS cates eesie lens. succdiencante cess 262, 865 
LU PUCUSE RR he ee ele cele a cic ee bis wba 864 
TARSULUGUUITUS...< <aros «hts ip ek oe oss 864 
DO DEDUS & als ake Pay ail cop oe ea rena 238, 802 
WHOIS 6 5 KLE ARS I ee renee 261, 861 
CLUVCSCEISM Ma Mele cte ies ii eetees 861 

Bly OMMUTUSMES aA ee be ek eed the 781, 865 

abl emlmuse erie kere oe eksucr ao aces 783, 865 
DOIG OPES Moe SS ee Oe eye cee 865 


OULELULVATLUS RA 1 Mer se fata hina g's Aiea 865 


Elyonurus—Con. 


Page 
MUL AUG oe es Oat eye ee eae eres 865 
tripsacoides.t00%, Lee rat at 783, 865 
Elytrigia intermedia),....)%o82: 34.00. 5. ee 
GUNCCA fate it aha PAU ei ee kN een nN 797 
TO DENSE Nc teas sce feL steer 799 
CMiChODROGO ot oe ee es et 802 
MINER Te eet ek ee, eek ah a es Oe ee 243, 245 
Endallazianundinacea 6 3.5 es a ee 935 
Endodiatenticularis.: 294. c0.0) ee 889 
Bnglish@bluegrass. 4.02) 6,1 ei es enn eee 67 
TYCOTASS Ae a RGr et Rene SP OAT Ais et ee eee 274 
MNNeADOgON Le take eee eee 227, 865, 997 
GeSVaUxit hee eaer ea ae 227, 855, 997 
DRLEGUT eS A Sey MER Ae eee ee 865 
WHIGHivim aoe kee iota ee a ee ee 865 
Enoduim cacruleum:: 00000. Boe 898 
Ensifolia, group of Panicum.;...:.:.......... 666 
Epicampes ONOMALGY eee a 4 ee eee 902 
Derlandveritieie st see Cet oe ee eee 902 
distichophylla var. mutica............0000% 902 
CICT SLEYTR an Dae ne ee 900 
GEACUUS EAE Agta a Oa eee 902 
ligulata sii ene MPSA int ah Maruman e MCeE ay! as 7) 408, 902 
PEG CIS TN cate ee an lh enw NE en ry Oe Ee 411, 905 
SURUCLORVAT I IILULUCO nee see een een er eee 902 
SUDDOLENS SS Soi akoe Ce ee 900 
Epigeios, section of Calamagrostis............. 313 
iH piles izroupromeoaw. fone ee eee 131 
LTA STOSLIST A Marca ane Ae Al eee ee 140, 865 
QUUSSUTNUCO tt aa en ee 168, 870 
ACUUAR Atte clo shane tants alone ee ae 164, 865 
alba ee ae te vee eh ee 865, 982 
amabiish clos ee ee ae 147, 865 
DUUMOSD. Ree orice Oe a ee 865 
BTIGA SANs Settee Go eee ae 158, 865 
OGUNAINACEO aan ee et ee 973 
bahiensisycs aes a ae eee ee 168, 865 
ALTON Sapir t cet Meee cena 155, 865 
Dey richie Ae acs oe eee eee at ee 146, 866 
brevinedicellatas oan. ne ie a ee 867 
brizordes:* 8 te ee Sais a ee ceo ee 868 
DROWNE ss cee ne Te 869, 870 
COMPESETIUSS, Lahore eee eth on Re ee 869 
POLTACID Vi Ba eee eres Oe 869 
CODULGCED Ce ee ney eR ee a 870 
Capillarisin. Asc cle sneeeon een eine 151, 866 
TONKS ne 86 
COD etree ON ee 869 
COROLENIATED a eee eee ee 153, 982 
COUCGLO A Te Satin nee hers | Ree eee tere emer 868 
CHALIIS i tae eto oe eee eee 167, 866 
chloromelaste aoe eee 140, 169, 866 
cihanensisnes Metin Shae eee 155, 866 
CLIARIS Gets esc She eae eee eae 146, 866 
Laie a Fine a eae oat pnb ATG tet: 147, 867 
DOLENS Ate oe tee ie a eae 865 
COGMOLH ES Os UE 5 Sa RR IU E SS rn tet aperere irate se 868 
CONFONLD RU Reeh a eV a econ eer ears 148, 867 
Curtipedicellatans..: weenie oe une ee ee 145, 867 
CUR VAT al Airis pct Secret once ents 140, 168, 867 
CY, DCLOIMES EN. ei eye Rd ote eet 168, 867 
AUMUENSIONG ort ee ee ee 868 
CONACTISALG = aati ie he eet 868 
Celicatular ean Meee ES pace ene teen 870 
GiuhUSat ea ee es ee ee eee 153, 867 
ClegGantulan. CE ia oh eae eee 866 
Clligttinen sve te See ene ae epee 164, 867 
CV AIROSLUS ee eo ee ete ne 140, 155, 866, 869 
leenstordes sii en Na Seen eee ee 866 
MEeEGGSLACNYG. © cetera env eis cee neon 866 
MAUCTOSLACRY Gs sae eeinstieie hersieleecchaee: oe 869 
OLOSA Rae re e hices, carer arateee hale eens washers 159, 867 
CNENTOGOTU ia own ce Oke oe Biel nie ee Re 867 
TETLOLETUATIG kk eee Gen eaters 940 
ELULOTINGS scene eerie ace cen ee ote ateerees 869 
LOTION eee aiete ne eh Re eo eee 870 
frankie er aero ine eae ae 151, 867 
IDTEVIDES oi etic ne ciaieutra eure iemterercre 151, 867 
GOST LE DI OOO OO NG DIS BT icae'e 870 
PUOIMET AGA eeieie ens ol caareisn seeks sieves custo mens 148, 867 
GROTLOUOT Oe en ents Mer eosin ee leg eroenor 163, 868 
NITSUtaAM eee ere ae ere eer 158, 867 
LOCVIVAGUNALE wee oie eo eisenee ree 159, 867 
hy pnoidessice sans coe recene er 150, 867 
GICATING SMe eh ee eR Sante har aoe aes 937 
INCELIME Cars ae enact eet 140, 160, 867 
UNLETRUDIONS RE Oe eee cE na ree 868 
Jehmannianaeancnsase ewer sane .140, 168, 867 


1020 INDEX 
Eragrostis—Con. Page Page 
AIIM DATA ered este ee sys EANL lee rte are 868 Eremopyrum cristatum. .5..5...2..-.9..5-508 797 
UOTE OAT ate TA lose Nan a Ae Sat Der TaN UEC Dee OA 869 FurIaAnthuseesres secos ean vale ceeeeenic lc epee ae 743, 870 
LONGETACIALOE =. poke os oo hyc eal nen ee 869 alopecuroidesia.: ss eee ee 744, 870 
UPON Hee seek cre tare tegen: epeneray ene 159, 867 brevibarvis *.1e cscs.) See ee 871 
MUO OTE chev, Stslewaitte Hate eet oust eee 982 CONLOTUUS cn. :. thie sieve ee ca ee 871 
HUIPESCENS es iyaccsuslan oc ben citisbece maeeut sie 155, 867 Hirsutus cee eee eee 745, 871 
NOCTO DOGO rie eine Se oe ele arie Gah ee 5 brevibarbissa) = oc eea ee 745, 871 
TOF OT ace cence arent eas cite seas eee eee 155, 866 COArCtatUSr create aretr neces eae eee oe sa 
FILCOCLSLO.GIUL) Ch eee nt eee ee ee ae 155, 866 ellrottianuse.. wc ee ee 
CULOTLCTISTS aie ee eee ae 866 COMDUCHLSS eine ee 746, ae BE 
DILETULOZ UT. tere Seen eters es ee eee ee 830 CONLOLGUS! Ad. ha can cen eta ee ee 744, 871 
IN ECRIGAN A oe pee ee eae sy ecru 158, 868 CVOTICOLUS ee 744. 870 
LU OF MA a hes yoyo aa/ontns\ instetins a Shee nalns Rin 155, 869 giTanLeUsemre tae ee eee ee 743, 746, 871 
TMCCOSLACLU GQ eaten re ee eee 866 CONUDUCLUS aoe ne Ce eee 1000 
mau tiCAlISe: a) epee eee eos eens 154, 868 lOtUS oe a: oes a a ee 746, 871 
aeXORNNP aes 6 aa aA Ons SARAH eee 157, 868 DUPDUTOSCENS 9. sre fs ele a eee 871 
JUULLCL OA tae a itende otcnc er tess cas tie Ragen soe ees 867 TAVENNAE AL 2 ek ceeteigie cai Sekai ee 746, 871 
TLLLLLGLUL UC: nen eet tee eee ee 868 DULDUTASCERS =...) eee oe 746, 871 
ObtUSaiers esas ete or ee ste sree 168, 868 SQCcharoidesaa ee. ee 743, 746, 871 
OD UUSIN OLA ene net on eer eee 143, 868 brevibanbws... 2.0.52 on ede eee 871 
GVRAUHU ENT AlalG g ue pec atne Hime One ao 154, 858 COMDACEUS ip tern tee ote)! 
OXVICDIS# ne, er oe oe eee 145, 858 contortus. 2.35250. jae ba oe ee 871 
DOLL O Ree eee wie te rere ere is eae ae 8657 TUCHAUELU. 2 ones sane eee eee 871 
Del Ineri sears ene ata ees, ere Sees 160, 868 SING 2S Bote sd een ea eee 871 
OC TLGOLOCS ete en ee ee 89 SETICLUS ue ee a eee 743, 871 
WCCLINA CCAR ae ee corres aes ee ce re 152, 868 ER OCU GN RRe. FN eee ees Ae a ee 746, 871 
REI TOCCCO er rin. eee eee ee 859 Piniochloa sie ee es eae ee 587, 871 
SDCCLOUILES een ee ae ee 870 ACUI Atal cee: orecn secve eu crass. eeeucneeeiane eae eee 590 
MEN USILVONICO ats ee eee ne ee 868 ONTULG Score cieusegues ol ous 0 een anis hee 872 
DCT.COT01) Cae ee 154, 868 ATISbA LARS orate oo eee ores 588, 871 
DELDle xa ere roe ee Oa ne 152, 868 GONEEACTAR a nue 42 oe err eee 590, 872 
pliers eT ee ee ee ae ee 163, 868 eves. GSoC cb ae eaters eee a 872 
DL OSa Sree eae ee eee ne or ne 151, 858 distachya@. 4.5040. 0.o.sb cess eee 5 
COROUNIGNG eee eee eine ne ee ee 982 rapyibtie« -55 6655 spGuoeosooueu ses 587, 590, 872 
CONGCTISOLO ee ee ee eee 868 IMM OT ares. a cuehonsvons eee ey oe eee » 872 
QOILCTSTO TLC ee eee ee 868 BiUnthivice Senn dca sclecteree ee ee 872 
CARH lah AA Na Fale sree es See ace Par i ee 870 Temimonis 3s ass ches eee ee 5839, 872 
(WHMORT «6 ao Cec ouuebebuccunauen odes 147. ee OP ACUIS Fosse ck caine he Coe ee 
DOG CT ORIN uatin. e o eo ee este eRe Sect see 869 longifolia at coc nos doen en ae ee 872 
DOACOIMES ek ete cine i eee 140, 155, 869 ET GEV UR gee ee 590, 872 
TILEGOSEC.GIG/ Cea nen ee ee ee ee 866 SUMPSOMIMS asics ersten Case ee Ee 592, 872 
UTS Re ree ee ie ee ee THs; ts POU GS Scho wet w  Chee ian as oe Ce 590, 872 
delicate ene 867 longi foli@ 628 28 eb.cecaes lsc oieeeeione ne 872 
OUP USCA URL eres ee nse ne 867 Nelsoniexs: fs jusuee Gaels ees Cae ore eee 592 
RCILAC tA ee ee nee ee ee 166, 869 polystachya- oss. oe eee estes ere ee 587 
ME DUANSE seapeeer sacs siirs cuca eee cer screte center 148, 869 QNNUNGLO. oR 5.5.4 wie ote ee oe 872 
(PLSTICO Ld Ren rar ies Aen ae en Se UP AAA 6) 869 DUTCEOLO 6 wnat oer ele oe een a ues ree 872 
SOCUIMG Th Ora meee eerie eet et er ee 146, 868 PLOCEL AS Lee seecbncec 4 eodhs Ronee hee 589, 872 
SessilispiCan. caiman Pee ee eee 144, 869 punctate. 2/9. ae ee ee eee 590, 872 
SILVeaT Cie a aneters nie acco ors Sree ne 163, 869 QrUstalGic 2 a coe ooo ea ee 871 
Simm lex eerne ee Ore eee Secs cha ee 1506, 869, 870 MUN OT ar) aiden d aena, ens Beare ats 872 
SDeGta Dll s sae ere 153, 164, 870 TOMOSG sot eee ee 589, 872 
SDOESULULSULCC er en ce =e 870 SOLICGA yo ok see cee ee ee 588, 872 
STi Cal bae aee een oe eeete cere oy ae oe ate en 146, 870 SUDOLADT Osis dic tes cated vost een Oe 587 
SPOMOVOLOLOCS eee en te ee in ein ee 867 LOLONG SS eos ass chen atone ee ee 872 
SGen Op hiya ee ete eee cee 168, 870 VillOSa Shey anv fe ene Mean eee 592, 872 
Swwallenil eee eer Se ee 161, 870 iTtOCOMG CAAUCE. . . 2222425. n eee ee ee 909 
RICE lar a COE aro andi ne re he se em i168, 870 CUSDIGGIG? she eee eee 910 
LEN CLLOANV ATC DLUM OSU ee a pe ee ae 865 RYU INETLOULES CS OF ea seco c Seas cetera ee ee 910 
ECTHUUS gee eRe oa ee cn oe ea eae 866, 870 MEMUTANACEDs «2 see clei vines eee eee 910 
LOL ENSTS en aoe ieee ore 870 AWEDDERU Ah ctscc's © ura dpe bg00l4 oye Eee 910 
fephrosanthos esac ee ce ee 153, 870 EGON EUTON Beo5 bao oa oo ee 997 
ELE. CHL pee poten teen toate ne cetera eee 162, 870 DULOSUTNY GONE Fe ta cle Bee denne eee ene ee 211, 973 
(AVON = dao Jaaeeolees sae Go aaueeue 159, 870 HiTOchlog GMaviis. 4. aeacaee ne ee ee 865 
trichodess.s nee ee eee 163, 870 SPECLOOUUS iar ssi ere enerne i ee 865, 870 
DULUT CT One men ee crim eeteers ater SCO ae At 868 HE TOSVOTUCULUGTE= 2 oat cis eee eee 856 
ERUCILS DLS SMeTe eR ta eee te ee 972 RYDNOUES 2s A 5k ec Ho Ee 867 
UTLUTUCTUUG Sree NE ie ene eee ee 892 Erosion, grasses used in prevention of...... 31, 140, 
whentol Kovels. Ges eke abn aaa Goneaene: 150, 870 168, 186, 254, 545 
UNCONUS Ses Sion at eee hee eae OEE oe 868 Brucarig: gqlandulos@s.. 2 sc 122 42 oe ee ee 828 
DELUCLN Cee eRe eee Lee nee SiO “Mspartoig aie ee cee oe eo care 3, 445, 460 
VGRUAGRUOUS Noo os oo bene eb nie doe Sone eat 868 Eubromus, section of Bromus.............---- 52 
UPON ss ee oe eevee era eater vice wicca tease 866 Muchlaenay: ates 2 te eaion ceo co creereseee eee 792, 873 
WITCSCONSt tos co partite nce ete gaya 152, 870 UtCureans <0 aga 2 sO einde aye eee cet ol eee 873 
DOTS hee etn ae area Re 869 ING XICAING © sos s. ooo cress ote toret ci el RO eee 794, 873 
(IETS FOL cc arg aS Re DARN = St my PE DR PRES 866 WUUPUONE 603s Pole wine See ecco d eae tee 873 
DUS COSU srw eect perenne ren mere errors tie eR Vo IIE 867 PELENNISH kn: be egeeaces Gitte lone ereRo REI 794, 873 
ALTA G [AH OS etry RR, Ue eee e ee mY E> 28 8 869 Euchloris, section of Chioristist eee eee 520, 524 
bannelvente eos oe the eo che 866 Kufestuca, section of Festuca................ 58, 66 
MEGASLAGNY Os 2c pinerns a5 2 cite ae aac 866, 869 Euglyceria, section of Glyceria............... 82, 83 
{OT OSUA Yc na Ja GOO Me He os Oo Ob 869 PULA ES cS veitiecev case cheuebe eter ces cee ten ene renters 740, 746 
POGCOLLCS ian isan aseka ace ates Claus re a clei 869 JAPONTCE ORs SN eon cron te ate eee RR 898 
UICOCMIONG. oc ohn. con ite eo eee ee 869 (ERT og LY 7 ee RR ere Parco Vi BIE 6 898 
HITEMOCMOALCIIANIS.c 4. srcsle wes ceased ae 788, 870 MODALENSIUS AEF ceo, y casero: HV LIOn eran epee ee 898 
ODMUTEOIGES eRe ee eee ieee eee 787, 870 DUMAUTUCAR ee sy moto al ke eiee sea Oe ee tenons 748, 897 
ET ENNLOCHLOGIOUGELODID. «1m oss clecs cus wile a asta salt 826 VATUROULUS geo ea eae ee eee ea 897 
GUILIN ote Bee ead Been ae setos Hes coy oat TSU ce 826 Wumelica? section(of Melica...4222.0 0 e505 ese 196 
CRUDE Eas aaa eh ee che cased ee tate 826 Eupanicum, section of Panicum............... 680 


| ~ MISC. PUBLICATION 2 
: 00, U. S. DEPT RICULTURE 
} TI. OF AGRICULTURE 1021 
|_| Eustachys, section of Chloris......... Faas Mesto ee O8. 
= | Pasiachys distichophylla.........cccc0eccee 0s. 845 CO ISLELES GETS 0 Gro 99 883, 005 
: a ee RR SCC Sepinee ist a lene eee, csceieiessies 521, 845 See eave tteeeeree ees hae 877 
| TCD: 6 erry 520, 845 CPLR eee eke CORINA SECC Rip ici 63, 873 
te Bas | doevelada IIIa ae 
WOE) Biutriana affinis.........secccccesccsceee, Z eae dbcimbena. fey oo a eee aaa 
| aristidoides. ......++++444000. ee he 827 ee Seer 046 
i | CTMELDa 93 SEBO CO AE eae enti ulate oa tied ee eee 
we | (PETROS TCR ee eee eee dertonensig ts). 00 eek eee oie 
| Cilonidea. 0... sae i a rag eve digndra ho Se eet Ch ae) Sete seals 
! GPT a te ae po nt ae nae anne eae Pistachios coset eet canner Bau 
Pe crtheendde 2 ue a a 245 
wrtipendida. eerie eee) pie ee ee cease 
| fos rrereereeereeeresteeereeeeease 828 distichophylta LA So ve aap ety cena Bae 
| paula leat AO PEE aioe a ai antebt occ nr 
| Birla sees e eee Se ea 899 Efe ge ee pop se ne te oor 876 
Me igonachye Seal ee ee $76 
CLTOU SN ca BI Lol ae Se a a el SoG PUbICULMAS. «2 2. an ac ee 082 
siiaee titans unt 2 De a 
ee Bt nt Rie i 877 
| La ae a 685 COMET vette eet eters 877 
False buffalo grass.......... SEES ical ar eae eISHOR ee a8 7, 873 
[Pees gras. Be | eriidnacar eevee 56 08 
| Fasciculata, group of Panicum.. eae iate tins Fenny ea 682 Pratensis.......eeeeeeee eee eeeee 874 
| ee other Sh TOs Ae oie ee ee 52e ee fogig s 67, 874 
BD se Fe es Ceca ieee dole gaa conferta.......... ee eee 
| Feathergrass, New Mexican.................. ae uaurians....0.6eeeee eee cece eee ee 874 
Hm@lendler three-awn..........---.+-..s00ceeee. 476 CFEC seven eens eeeeeeeeeess 83 
Fendleria rhynchelytroides....................- 910 etislecin ee eee 
le eae ee 10 ee 74, 877 
ae Bee Aion 2 ia i ea 
! ASLO bee ot as 07e Oe a 57, 75 Wits COSTER U0 ca mitt ac ora 972 
RNa a ee 66 Sprains iS ede 373 
| carious Cae See ge Peniculatanicct oe ee. ak eee ee 76, 874 
CRE are ee a SUE ries Mien Moca Skis ee ARB 67, 874 
| CIE OC OR ROE On ae Be glatre fons as etme: Seema em ” 982 
: berenleat i Sila pec oi Gk ae ene REE Side FAoPa ES Ee eae vag gh oe eta sae LA 
ee 75 Teablenta | cre ee as a ae 375 
S83 78 2S a I is ek eae ea 75 GEONGIHOTO hd eas bh cag cee aie 
enies PML CWeM NHR Me Naitaliails veplefje le. siel-s)yelle le! -e\ elisie\ si 57, 75 BTAG es ee Pee aan aE Sa 
Weds eae eae Ae rc eS 63, 874 
OSG 2 AO ea eae ae 69 heterophylla a Soe is Seen eee wel seen eae 
Be pee Sab a ee eg ant 58, 72 ROWell ee as ane A ah tS a 72 378 
BEC ae Sy OG Se ce en 67 idahoensiane oes eee nt ae Ou 715. : 
Re a ee 70 Sop aetnle 1 Soi ar nl ie alk Baas Se SLE 
oe ee eae cee S34 
six-week SSR ARG Sate bae Oya Camere ae ingvata cess ee eee are 874 
Ree aus arte st ag ALLS ood a we eee ee tn 
‘Al ORIN OG S ois by aco eloib,o bed cold OO OD Uae 58, 70 j GET: V1 Naar tenn ee te nA Bis 
: weet tte: COTO sccm ae 38. 74 see RS ee a 69, 878 
| pe re 57, ae Coiiferias: ae Ne ae 67, 874 
| acutiflora Mibednewe So SS or DUTCOD aire. ois iain itn «e005 ieee eceseiesieysiatsiere ich 797 
Sas san, 0885-00-90 Sane ay ten ore kingti. Sealey epapeceyovena-uplolol eo cial shauna ein 99, 883 
| Enizomica nme Nar. aie) 878 Gese sa Rey Beste nha Coes 
| See {HUBS gic 0 in oS tacos Cee ee ae na 877 macrostachyd..... Rena ei teaois aac Ce 
| Pe en ges 878 I Fat Oi OE Ro oe a aE DST A age 
Br. soareaiamal|*.) Geral ¢2 i éi, 874 
: pene enh 28) eG guy Bie microstachya var. ciliata... ....+ +0. ++ 0+ +- ” 873 
: RACE GS a Ieee ooo mHiBrOStAG DYE Bree Retoniotn Selandensta tee rae ae 65, 874 
re yee B74 CUTAED. 6 eee ee eee eect eee eee 874 
pouaties PPR rea ie Laecsiaheroek ooatione: suave erode: + 830 TaHeiora a) PASE AG a eect 68, OG 
Sa 0 cnnee aga ane 8m Se Ee 0 
Be a Ter |<. monandea. ©. oie ieee 878 
i co A He eee Cs Ree ee 
pate eee , 15, ae THYUEOS eto rae Ole eee ene nie omen aeare 63, 874 
See POSS a nee DES MUNOS ae Hee ee Pepa ee 2 Peni er ee 
barbata LEER 60 CGE SE ar Bae pene: SAI ecard oo eiteiia Giese cickias ofc 942 
DDG ees Meee SCS ee i ee eee 876 
Encchuphylla on a Os eat aa ae ee 75, 876 ae Pg ae Ul ea 7 ae ee 376 
PRRVOMOSS® 60 3o'cic 6c NINO e ee 876, 974 palates LS pee i ess AST re 
5 ULGNENSIS. 2. een eer cree creer renee 876 shortit a aire Bre a 
came Seca 63,878 | multalionas 2 45 
L pe eee eee ee eee twee eee teen renee ote ning Se 5 he RN GD 
eae ait.o ws oet pic ods COnD aE ONen aan 71, 873 v aprenneliane Qe aoe) NRC Cana ee a 
ae US 00bce odio Sco Ox COB OO oes 71, 873 PEP HiEA en a ea eS 878 
i yo aie 74, 876 a Boma 961 
YPOStTUS. 2... eee eee eee cence tence 5 oO. AGRE Ge Pine ee Ee ag 
copulate 35 80 big OOO RSID Ge EIOne Mica 74, 75, 873 ee aeneali ee Be egn7A 375 
SHOT >. dich biewicoiaeay SD OO Ceo 971 LORCA IN es ee ae 8 18) 875 
pee coe TaN Ba7 octoflora..... 2.2.5. e sec e eee eee ees 59, 875 
EEOGEE gs 10 a ea si OTIUSCULGLD eel Oe lage ce rtetcied: 875 
MEIN tte a SIAUCR Ane eae Dee OU Oe 


1022 INDEX 


Festuca octoflora—Con. Page | Festuca—Con. Page 
hirtella 2 lr casos yee ook poe 60, 875 SULUOIICH Sse Ss. Ses ere Leen 832 
Penvell acc. sists po ieee temek teers eater 60, ai5 tenella ccs oe ee Reece 875 

OVED ONG aio de sc teeetaee Ne Leia stole ots oe ORO 877 aristulatae ce ca ee 875 

OVING Soe eee cicke es bor valetcletess 57, 58, 74, 876 GQLOUCA Rs olsen oe ee eee 875 | 
OT IZONUCE sea ae ches eral ehave les otal sie! ovexeioi etnies 873 Ceranas nie aioe CoO 69, 878, 891 | 
brachyphyllay.c cr s< s cciete o ctepaee 58, 75, 876 thurberis sie eee 58, 70, 878 
Breusfoled sess sicie «oc .s sicie Sieve. copysteus SENN 876 tolucensisissp. thurbers. ...-.- 4. see ee 878 
COLLAGE vathes Socks d.5 bce ererevtre Vaeqeebes vO 876 EY ACYI eR oes oe ee ee 66, 878 
CODULAIO Hote cise ocd heioie alee kote heges 873 triticeaee, 2 ce occ ee i ee 856 
COLUMBIANA «cs oc wile os ots Hegetenuy 874 trilicoidesc nc ence see se ee 856 
CUTIUSCUL a re areca s cierto ee 74, 75, 876 AINISOLOLOES. ote eee baie ee oie ee 833 
GUTUUSCULO or setae cle theres. sincere ee 876 ANBIOSIRCA Sc. oats side ei ee eee 76, 878 
red CR DY cy; hans nee A ae aaa ee Ae 75, 876 vallicolascosd he eo see Oe eee 877 
RTUOT OL cnt e one Sols on poe Ra eK eee 75, 874 DASCYONG ose veteisissal sre, sto eavacs Magan oes a Te 873 
ORCTOUO st tao lake coh se OIE 874 VEVSUTBE as ticles Ore Ute te eee 69, 878 
MOLY DNYWUDse sans aisle sic se see ss ie Setar Oe 875 WUT GOLDS ojcic css eee hein ee 892 
PISEULLOUUILG ee ue ear ole eke 74, 876 Virid ula cast adc. <ia eeeee 57, 72, 878 
FILO TLE eT eteroicic chem iota Cae eR 877 howelliteos eee se A ee ee 878 
RATA MIDUG 5 AAA RA Rn HHA miGebee oumac 876 BASCYUAND «6c Siatree Die 878 

DUGDUSTAN Dee einvcie we oes ee et ea 876 WDOLSONG s bis Sica ss sie els,c1es Ce Ee Ee 883 
TUGQUETGUE Sas oceans nae ora Sec uase 876 Festuceae 6: 6 ican cae cee oe 15,31 
SCLEDITLO eh eS eR eis 876 Festucoideaes."..2 0.0. econ | eee eee 14 
SUL DUI ee HAs les eee cs ee ote ena ra 75, 876 Fetéritas 2. occ ccs ance dae ee 773 
VOLESLLCO Mee asia oe sear aie tte eckson siete 878 Fiber producing grasses................--+0+- 3 
DIVE PANG. SrBeo easy eee Bate aS aS ay ee Bee sat 876 Fbichia dactylon. . 6.6 oc. sesso eee 849 

DA CINCAS cer eiste anelclns cremate seerryeleye 63, 876 MMBC yo sieinvne Sn oan seelee ese eee 849 
CULO ek ae ta ee eee 874 Mield'sandbur’. .7... {2 022.3 «<2 see oo eee 733 
SHIMUMANS® sin cucsnsostasee Sateen ae 63, 876 Finger milleticc.... ic. .a5 05,0 kee 501 

DATAA OKA 2.is lel M orn oteistos ole nehio eerste eae 69, 876 Bin @ergrassis soccer Ce eee 519 

WILT ASIA rs eee een alls k Aneaalie Coes RE Soa 873 feather tinccmihin le. eee ee 527 

MOTUUPLOT ee are ea ache a siete eter co ease 875 PIG en. ieee a ee oo eee ee 334 

MTLCOLRES ois cloud ohcek Grae a re SNe TMs eee ee nest 888 Flexularza compressa... «4-2. oe eee eee 982 

DOD COLD ES. Bee Nava, ahaha avaga es eeheie She soos) OKs Bie 4c 874 La Wile oii ct oxcio cae = rues anc the oe eo eee 484 
QMETICONG: goa bone wa bebe Ge ole 874 Moral organs’... cc -c%40 tlc} le ao eee ee di 

POULYSLECHY Genter. tele eee econ ee wie ee eine ieee 890 Floridana, group of Paspalum.............¢+- 619 

MTALEMSUS So Fe AN iis clare lho ele onl hat ee Bic iets 67, 873 Klowerlofierasses (<tc. ciccis ce eee On eerie 9 

DROCILMLDCIUS ee arene Seed ee 890, 946 Fluffgrass £32 ic. o.crocis en oct aaiee aie oe eee 208 

DROLUL ETC eas acdc re nee 74, 877 Flavmanea x8 sae sc.c ce aces Oe 93, 995 

DT OSUROLOL actrees sek oh aT che fon Regt eter - 891 FOSEUCACED =).6 occ ioe sieisvers ora rove aiclefoke alee RTOS 949 

MSEUCOOUTMUSCULG. wes veces ee elec iave eee 875 MO0d: ZTASSES sc 05.0 eres vic iss tie eles eeicha eee 1 

DUT DUTCOU teins de & eee gree ee 972, 974 Moothill needlegrass;...5 2s... ce cclecte eee 453 

DUST ee oe ee eR eee 875 HOTAG EC sac orale eine oxerovaren din Hislate sree ane 263 

QUOATIOENIS Hane soe Gidea clare Ook Gee ee 972 Forage grasses...... 1,3, 295,35, 57, 60, v2, dos, 

CUAOIN OT UME eee ie erate nie 878 100, 140, 144, 175, 182, 192, 227, 230, 249, 274, 281, 

TCH EX ee rere ra eh i asks Oe Ce: 65, 876 283, 287, 292, 307, 313, 334, 358, 363, 367, 369, 

richardsoni By ros a ae Ste ieee ee 877 413, 430, 432, 437, 445, 460, 485, 487, 491, 503, 508, 

MIP CSCCDS eee eee eee 72, 877 516, 519, 532, 545, 556, 569, 570, 573, 587, 594, 595, 

COTE Lc OEE I EAE te Aan ea 948 599, 606, 615, 626, 627, 695, 711, 715, 718, 727, 729, 

TILDE SHR eee eRe tS Pane cet Os Tees oot toe 837 737, 749, 759, 773, 775, 779, 783, 790, 794. 

EUDIA Aa oe ee oe 58, 72, 877 Pov QSACCUSOTUENSTS:. 02. sceieie cee eine ae Rese 832 
CEN GTI es eae he Rake ON no tens 877 brebiaristatus ocr. so ee oe eee 833 
COMMUtAtAPe see ee eee 74, 877 CULLALUS 5c oreo oleh er nce eee 833 
CENSUUSCULL Geese Ghee tne ihe eee 877 Laevighumis 2... oc. 2 Sav eon one 836 
eurubra var. commutata subvar. eucom- COMMULOLUS ia:5 5 ae sore lays eset o chet eee 834 

MULCLD A Are svoie Geo ae ai ee ee 877 ERECEUS 15:5 ereve'e of seve cheno an a) Te eee 834 
LL ees ois PO cece a Re ks 877 GUGANLEUS oe ccvstis ceases okoleme iin eee ee 874 
GLOUCODL EU RA AS ee eet eee 877 ENECTINGG oo bss ats or ln ao hate a 1 8a4 
heterophiyllase 5 este ee eee 74, 877 latighimised 6 bocncscos vertine ee OC OEE 835 
[ULOSOCLLON Cae es ne ere ee 877 MAT GINALUS > Sioo:c) otosc ore boise ene tna TOE 835 
leambtainesh\. oan nodesesonnenssooud 74, 877 AULT VINUS cia 5d wiavarerer annie shone alee ee 837 
UStLOn ALES tenn nets hota tiie ae hee 877 MOUS oie. scarera ioral s.o 010 cigs ave SEE COE 835 
INLCUASLOCIY Opiatetn rietaeiete errr 877 POLUUS, oan cnc cose sede COE 834 
QVULEU LONG Here: e a Fors) si selene the Dieta aices Nels 3 877 DUIMPDCLAANUS fee a scsls oeoieieca al ieee ee eee 836 
TULL ne ters ores tae ayes See Ona Hetele clare 877 DUTOONS 0b « dons cioxesd ave eleke heehee oe ee 836 
DOSEN shoe cholo ee Sass tee ane 74, 877 TACEMOSUS.. Moan o o aaveve, anorehe, he Sever eee 836 
MOGUL OSG,» oy/0'e ch ois (oat siaieitehsi nits atarare have one ea 877 SOCOLUNUS LS aceon a: Fanertisl one oie) oP Catone ene 837 
RVUDESCENS so cmla shese epee chin eh ahe e aicret ete 877 Hountainyerass....-% +. Asie chee te eee 729 
TUCRONOASON Sa ste oieteieiaiels Gist te ere 877 Howl: bluegrass... <. 2c eect es tose celochein ete 124 
SECUTOD Ae Crate oie iehedone ere AOE Cee ots ae 877 MANNAGTASS «ose ew cre we wees ee ee 82, 89 
subvillosa forma vivipara............. 877 Moxtail: oo3 so cde wae vetinn «coe bo ee 358 
DVULLOSG Meena asco Aner eee 877 alpine. 6,3)-0.406 bos Soe oe Eee 359 

SOCUILOTILCTL ne eee ee ee 74, 876 barley: c.cais onc oes setas eee eee 268 

BCAbDrel lar iesetcec ay eestor oenc or ore eee ee 70, 877 CHESS dd ie-oudses onesie Sn sino ai haat Lone Oe eon 54 
ATA] OL eee hr ee toe ee eae 71, 878 FESCUE. 5. Sieeiagee to deine ee eee 61 
WASCUAING sare sheyavstexeiotecie a vee se eee eset 9 873 MCA OW cisiS 6 eiscre.ts cc ceetee ee ee ey Eee 358 

SCLUYCA I siceerssorerein | Cito oe ae ae 60, 878 MIUNEG eo. cavers 6¢ jc eoleternwe GrOmCnOke ee 718, 725 

SCL CEU autores a vereto eee cheese vio ad ee ao etetohe 875 mubly. sees ilo cota ee a eae 

SRONLT Roto cae Tiare POR Aree 70, 876 Short-awscccnehehiboe on Eee 359 

SOLOYIQi = wie creeks «Sisal cisesass sya eh avslveas a etolste 69, 878 Wrashingtone 2% cars siecs ctor acters siecteekeneterene 359 

SDUCOLU aches Oe eee 800, 857 WACED oh iais-o rcs oe ceeiniie ee er er ee CEE 359 

BDUCORAVENUL So Sater ee ee eee 819 Fragrant grasse8............ 547, 549, 771, @d2; oe 

SUDDULOT Ores ae aceite eRe 876 rinsed’ bromec ives «cee oe 

subulataices occ oo nad iors oo eee 66, 878 Pussia ca pillars 6 noe ee se ee 810 
YONCSUL cr ose er conieevh © Lae BELO ee 878 COTYOPNY WER... cece ee oo eee 809 
SOUOTUG heen TeV een TE enor 878 ANLECOL coset ersigido.d ores sige eke ee 810 

subulifioralseedc rs serch ee 66, 878 | 

SE DULYTOUL OS ONAL ee esd Se oe 878 Galleta? peice eee eee 489 


SUICSAOTIiUs seisie sores ew oo Cie ee mints SreLoEreereeens 873 Digie ic cccisnieie cocreloe le ieisielovace toetele reenter 489 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 


Page 
(Gram aer ass eacicrs cect cosy oc svelovororsior en ale) eleven weds ciate 790 
@ASLOMME reese oot ce a eter cue anion or stor sit ch circ temetareumteitens THs 790 
OTC Reece hot opal gy skeconeicunrer chore IRR e dens 792 
INTGxa CANEN Se yeiN rer to cocina ieee els 792 
Gardenenstrarterssedsscrae ore lois oe as 556 
GPA SETLGIUUT Meta atebe dos ascii sari eeleuescoetoghie autor semene 368, 878 
ORISA ROE Seo SO TC OCDE Eta Oo 878 
LOnNGIDETALTIVAR ERY a Roe os In ee 879 
WEMEMOCORUNI NG Gouin codldo Ue Uoui.ocnd's Fae 368, 878 
Geminata, group of Panicum................. 680 
Geographic range of grasses.............+.0-- 4 
GeyeroniOnerassmicimin see io eters ale ciel ailo 196 
Gismisbristlegrasseiry acc cies) ccte ia se es cies «ae 724 
GLOPSCE Cert Moyea ea ee Nt ta iore io eter io aes 428 
OC pees la crct Son iveccertt ar br clienatienaheilovacsuenenenen’ 186 
AVVO ASN leeere cece meas Pe sven Cros wel sale houene ce eae ie cele eee 255 
Girantochloaecvar ek cicven sos oo hres aie ae ls 29 
(OIG LO OHAI = ates pan os OGG Dat Oe olor 885 
GODLOS Sole 6 056 BORE Oo Oa eee ane 885 

UL DESCE NSH tereGed Na R HRTT.N oy or SiS Bera aa 88 
(GUOSEAN Ao. cbaha cae sO CnOID ClO An oa ee 990 

UI CSM Ne earee sce tes coemele ler crehctalscausians cae ARAN 

Gy COTTA Watered ee Goa ices ects ra rhtshig slo e's sacs 81, 879 
CEUTA 610) os A ee a ARE 83, 879 
QUT OULE SH a ee ei Noy) ah me eles Aces 844, 945 
LIVEN CAI et ee oy Oa aie nee SR herd 880 
HUG USIH S56 36 0.8 eo. of oe ES Oe ae 946 
AGO S, 5 CAs eatin Se EO ee 844 
CEN TISTNCOE SA | Gi ha eet ee ee ae 84, 879 
OKeAlISh + paper Pies chess visio ntta 83, 879 
COTTER ct eee ieee a 946 
RESO OMI, 6.6 Sh Ook 5 Oe ee nae 974 
(OUD As ho R Ob PERS A a ee 895 
COLULOTNUCO MS KLEE REN ooncn Cte an ts 879 
GANS GENSIS Mer iee hie aca hs 8 lattes ae ate 88, 879 
Bio ho. 6 Bis Bip, BinRer ot CER OR BIEE ee ee eae 88, 879 

DOOD oo Gig 6 AOE OO A el 87 
COMI o SOA 6b. cb ob CE he Eee 939 
COLAO OSO Me REI Ti tce Chasis hon cee oth 844 
COOK CULE MR ie RE gE on ms te 879 
Geclinatarerr ei ante roe eels: 86, 879 
elanvantcamre Rm eos een. 946 
CADIS 8S 0.68 oS. OF Ie ee eae 945 

UBDLIISE a 0.0.0 OG, 0,0,0. cto CHORE RTI ae eee 9 

Clat arr erie cha teie ohne 82, 89, 879 
GICRGHBs és Bab Coes Conk OLR ee 80 
CLE CUA eee es NO is. coe a ke eee S 89, 879 
SEEN Al alee CME eg. dee ie 93, 879 
TAG 8b enc RD ee cs REN ee a 880 
LAVESCEN SAT Aw de Aas eo erg det 880 
Uta Shee ane eee ee te 82, 85, 879 
ORGFLTIO OB e810 D0 OO RORE One 879 
TANCISMe i eee ee ise ae 82, 86, 880 
pallescens 5168.5 Oo0 6 DO Chee EIS es 880 
GAY» o bola 8 6 oo 6 HO Co Eee ee 879 
ED + 'o 66 5:5 Ge Oo CGO DE teas CO 879 
USTETLERO Ss bo 06 CSOD. 6 6 OCk ee 946 
Veptostachya sien ce iiy cris eet es ws 83, 880 
maritima 0:010:0. Sho Or8 6, OU. Bho REET eens Ce eer 946 
maxima SSP WORAUGAUS eyo chen Shik oe one 880 
ADC CATI ORI eee y PN eg ae Roasts ots 88, 880 
DUCKLULIEE EE hare ey etc pense eG a, 881 
NUCL OLNCCE MP nok. te ere ee 881 
DOPED O 9 bo 56 bb DD POO iO Ee 945 
ROD 5 55S 66.0 BOO CON. CORI Pee Dee Cee 881 
WRU 553. 0:68 b OO, OILS ee 89, 881 
POGLED iso. 6 baie Oty in a eS oe Te SE 881 
SHG 5:0 6 YG 5 BS a eS re eee 89, 881 
MM DISOM AMT By oe eae, oe On ni tigi. 87, 880 
OLSBUER 5 5 0 n'a 18'o, Sad OSS SCAR eee ee 87, 880 
occidentalisma ey eee eee 85, 880 
otisii 6 '6:0.0:0 0S 00 f'n OB ChOc RSE MIC ae Mier at eae aoe 92, 880 
allid avesmmer wee i crystal Cha er ee ak 92, 880 
VO OGHOWS 5 Sis s 5 35 BO bb Oe A eee 879 
pauciflora....... oF nO chee CIATG cr DET 82, 91, 881 
DENTESYLULTCOM ER Te Na ee ee ees 961 
DUVCOLGIV AT CECIINGLG \ 0 oe so id chilinn ee 879 
FOO DOUD 3 0666 6 0:0" 60 CR A er 946 
PUG he ot o 06 60 OS Co LOE ee 881, 948 
Septentrionalisnes ses. 0 esc bk ie oe 84, 881 
spectabilis var. flaccida...........0.00+00. 881 
Btrat air eee ime ee ecsl een boars 82, 89, 881 
SHPUG TG S666 bo > One e LE aera 89, 881 
QIU, 5S 6. 86 DO 0 Co SRA eee 962 
VOPTGN OM s obo 0 3:6 COD SOS CREE eae een cea 88, 880 
Gromena elatior..... er MNS oe sue oneal aaet rs dis 874 
CEOS o 56 6 SS 65 DOCS eNO E Tae ae 876 


S. DEPT. OF AG RICULTURE 


1023 


Gnomonia—Con. Page 
GULP SOR ee Eien Ee RR 876 
OURUG IOAN G RAG So at psi MORE Rags aT t UATE TC ae 878 

GOateraSs eerie rae ee ee ree a he ereaies tae 245 
LOEW elo} Nos deat neiun Paes aig cane SPUR wreua Bi A RAT CW 245 
VOICE ieee eee tchatcucweke ote cc pecs cif ee 245 

Goldentopeacace ein: Calis arsine citts een Otek 184 

Golf courses, grasses for..............-.200005 4 

GOOSCETASS at erate cee te eee eed ler smoe cen 499 

12 DOO We ee ee Sy ececes RON a hs eRe Ra eee GD Rent Ray + 53 
JO EK) OAS tai Cantey ages oS Nn a gaat Soe 402, 532, 542 
|B) CDV sheers esl Seed teu ee eer Uap teeny TUDE MNT Sele A EL 532, 
Day See sete oes aie eee oe STN oe ROE 532, 540 
DOO Re as alee Ere Gann lath aca ee aT: tk Di oteo, B 537 
TIES Ste nea Ne rege ce ahi ae te. ea ganna Prete 533 
ATE V Reet Pore Hee cirorat aterm are ere enone neste es 538 
j OUD 5} 0) <i ee earie nn RUN te NR OAR NITY, ites SUN Rene ete rey Lai 536 
Rothrock te anemina Gene cia ere 532, 539 
SIGE208 tS)o 5 vais oe EIR AA a Ua ee 535 
SIK= WEEKS ras i ae ane y cence eee 538 
Slender Acheron Oe ee SiC eee 537 

Graphephorum brandeget..........0.00 000 e eee 977 
COOLER era EER er eT eeen 976 
GETUSUPLOTALNU Tooley Cee eM evoke ER eee 961 
CULV OLEAN ie Silos OE GR 940 
MCSELLCACEUL Ny ccal kaye raha RereeeWakede Aree Ebene 949 
PLETUOSUM acre ip Vo ores eT We EG SOEs OG 947 
ANCLUCOUCESHING] OTe A ieee ee 976 

ER UIT OAL IN cuca soar eT OSM Tee ere ona rs 940 
MELICOVDEUM eer TiN Oo acre ee 976 
COOU EY Aig iigectntsioteietons Te Oe 976 
MUULUCALTI echoed coe aig oooh CATT RR ies PRA REN 977 
SED TU tastes Sisk toe peste elee OOS ESHA uae 976 
QDOUPI Ge alee as cen ey Sea aie ME ORACL EE ee 977 


Grass collection in the U. S. National Herbarium. 5 
Grazing, see Forage grasses. 


Greenibristlecrassiaan sci eat ec cre 724 
MCCATLE TASS ES cesta ain ea ere ccs La iteeL cates 457 
Spraneletop irises Geen a Soe eG 491 

GneeniaranTkhansanag ae ee ee retae 893 

Greenleatsiescue scien iia ciated sinaiss Coa aueere hy (17 

Gouradiraearesc lee ere heal een ears aks Un eacio Sereeiens 29 

GUNG axerassiias 2a cir oee een en uote canine eee 626, 695 

Gymnocarpa, group of Panicum............... 706 

Gy MnoOposzoneorsry accel eee 516, 881 
AMbISUUSHey ee anit os ee 516, 881 
brevakoliusha sey. ces cone ane 518, 882 
Chapmaniamusms mic ieiiicacisteiiee 518, 882 
distichopnyllisean eee ee ee 882 
AOLIG ANUS eee ee Eonek ane 519, 882 
Vorgufoliuis epiets se eas ene oC nyeseoricy ene Rae Ree 845 
POECEMOS ILS Ete wee cicae ke ee hae 516, 881 
SCOMAEUS Ee oi Re Shee ace ree 881 
DOIG ISON Als bh Eee Oe ale Oe eee Mae eG ao ase 845 

Gymnostichum californicum... 1.0.0.0. cee eee 886 
IDI a ean ate ee PEs Gas EER Re ES tb 6 he Cero 886 
GNOXATT ATI DAG Oe RRO Ck oo EO Eo bia Op okd Hs 887 

Gymnothrixigentculataese ania ee aes 934 
IRACTOSLACHY Sheet ee een cee ico eke 934 
MLCT UOSG Sas erel i sed ro Oe COE 934 

GYyNENlUM sos ese SO cae 186, 882 
ARG ENLEUM rene ei eee 189, 847 
DLOCOTUINE ee etek Goa are Aw kesh ooh SEAT oL aT ule eee 882 
SQCCHOTOIGES ae ee ee ee 187, 882 
SArittacume care eae iciel hae ee alain ees 187, 882 

Heackelochloareaneneon on econ eno: 788, 882 
Cranularise. eee oe eee 788, 882 

iagirtfescueren cinco ce ele olor oe 75 

AUT OTASS earpiece corto one eieieoilaresce ile n auaier nena ncaa 292 
SUTIN ete ae ea re a eves va rurale rol eau Chara ameles 293 
Crinkcled eee eek he he WS een 295 
IMO UTICA akon eater AES eta ata eee ote areas 294 
BU VET ee tere ke Aone esse hse ees ar UT ee 298 
Elisa oles aan ee eon in et CCP nomen a cry cid oc 293 
CUPS Ae oep eee eis shot shader coatinnal shinee ar auace oie eemeenens 295 

Tair yA CHESS yee Ment as Meee ou cwoneucns ai foes wR eaten ee earones 49 
GLOPSESG reece a ese Seah os ore eines 432 
LAIN A eye eaee eee eee Nos eae av enamored stetee 532, 540 
triclenSsceomasheie ccc saeu cis ee aes 210 

al lsimanicumicniec scene cisicsinusies 19 Os Sees 692 

Hansentsquirreltail® ave ollie emote orees 263 

AT ALEESCUC i iohies etscols aids oie ojala aiskoveesrartreutiaxceekepae 75 

la rdinievenass iris cg ce lecsseevsuets.c 8 essen 556 

JelEN sore sonra bea cou ble Re Os One orotate cto d 195 

Havard Baee ar iB St Nae em an cee meee eR RRS 470 

Hay grasses...... 2, 31, 38, 47, 58, 67, 94, 182, 230, 


243, 300, 305, 313, '334, 358, 367, 430, 491, 508, 509, 
532, 556, 573, 626, 627, 718, 727, 749, 775. 


1024 INDEX 
Page Holcus—Con. Page 
Heleochloatces ester: seca ho ee 433, 882, 998 DETLUSUS 5.32 i elo oie a COC bone Se Ee 815 
alopecuroldesan- ei. 2 ce eee eee 433, 882, 998 BACCHOTOLUNS 5c cicisiosinive piece eno ee Eee 958 
PILTUCEM even tanspate taveterotepercrate layeteteharcleve eee retese 964 LECRNACUS::, «0.60.0 .a,c Fie ee ELLE 958 
BChOeNOIdES. - Se aisc «+ bois eyeisin se eco 433, 882, 998 Saccharotdes 2 Mats gina as a seis. ba ae 815 
Helictotehonsnee epee oe eee Cee 302, 882, 998 DAT DUN OTS. .\\s 2» ac ove oa ote eee eee 812 
ROOKEY 5 cratela-dletste ets the ore oo ame aoe 302, 882 LagurOtdes 2. sos nes winnie cb a Oe ee 815 
MOLCONIANUM | sieve a ee he eee eee 302, 883 MerfOvQlusis oad wae eso Gia Se ELE 815 
DUDESCENB Ske eis eteiere cise ecauekae oie oe Re 302, 883 BOT GRU os, o).5-.cce ob seins ces 6 eae Ree 773, 957 
SEMPeRVILEnSee eee Ee eee eee 302, 998 CONTOTUM bass cians s - GE oO Lae 957 
FV ClLODUS ANNULUS oe eoteen aeeeeie nae 872 atUMMONAI4 2.26 ee ae eee Eee 958 
ULACUIS Se oe ae ioe ee Ae eee 872 DUTTO sein os aes Foto dee ete Ce ee 958 
OY Ae aes Sa SAG OAS hb OO aOR ooo oe 872 Saccharatus ../... acs 26 he L Eee 958 
KUEN ash ticks wera ee eee 872 SUGONENSIS -% oo nccce es se ROOD ERE OE 957 
TOUS Oe te ee te ee 872 LECRNACUS:. 02.s.s aso s ope cee eee 958 
DUN CLOLUS S59 xo ee er: 872 SPUCOUUS 25 ec RUE soe lous loins ogo oe ee PO 933 
Hemarthria fasciculata... 02. .0.-6++-+- eevee 894 SEN AAEUB Oi Sis fo oe Ase Sho coin 2 us 60 ee ee 947 
PIL OSC tee eee a pee 894 SUAANENSIS. 52:50. c io Stas cise Slee Oe 957 
Hemitoma, group of Panicum...........-...%.. 704 LONER pesoinyeveietsern ele ace eine eye ee 982 
PCTS) SUASS <c).0; he taerscleie ie < oi So ke, ee 367 UST GOLUS) © Sean o\wicieje teehee cyte peta 957 
esperochl ose. seas sedate 99, 883, 995 VET GUNUCUB. | .oiiarv.c ceoudbogev theo n\agt os, -)ataliel banaue ete 817 
LIN STIR eal ee cc oe cee, eee 99, 883 ZUZONLOUDES eres sorocet elec eae Ce CRE 979 
TODLOSG ee tn ee ee as ee TST, Holy grass), ox.. <...snicomccnte eee eee 547 
ETELELODOL ONT et eters cots eke ee 779, 883 iHomatlocenchruss- 2.) eee ee eee 558 
ACUMIUNRGLUS ae sce Eee 883 QOWNG ote od Ses arswie sea eon Uae EOE 889 
CODLOBCUS Gr ai ios s'o soe soe ee 779, 883 RELONATUS  o50 Leis ckielos nook 0s eae 889 
CLAD eT Tote oe ee 883 lenticularis. .)...,.0: pen Beene 889 
RAT PALS fon seeks corso ee Ey ioe 883 MONATVATUS 36.5 0B o(o.6 ooo EEC EE 889 
SECU TLCUS She T koe ee 883 OTYZOLAES =~ cs teve oye cher ole ok oe 889 
LETS EE Cis os hy Pe 883 CDi ee a eT Rn A Martens oi 555.5 889 
GLADE EP te cits caches eS 779, 883 VU GINICUS uses e pie ele oe eae CEE 889 
LOETISE SN Seis AOTC OIG OO i sae Homalopoa, group.of Poa. -. . cc. cc «1s ie meer 125 
MEAN OCATDUSE Ee icc. se Eee 781, 883 FVOrd eae: Sc caste ws ok Oe ee Bee 18, 230 
TREURILOCOT INES. sa vascuryoncvos oxebste e1eiars fakes sperstoiane eke $83.15) SEOrGeum: See cio creme cies ohare 267, 885 
SCTODICULOLUS ec. ee te eae et eR 883 BASCENAENS 2 ho) iefegewe e.sv5uc ole eeieiele ea ee 271 
SECUILAULS Ameren sin PORTS ee EE 969 ATIZONICUIN: 6. ecc0e(s «ode sc oe ee Eee 271, 885 
ELCLETOSLEGOTL CUTLEDEN UUs eee ee 828 QUVENDLEUIN A Sec Dace Moses ok OEE 823 
TCU L CLV crvs cies kaeete Soin ne Nabe eee En 998 BOreale:: :.. oso -cevdsessronsue Gee oe Pen PO 885 
DUDESCEIVS tists ucitess rete he ce oe 883 brachyantherum’.=..)..c0 ce eee eee 268, 885 
einerochloGre tr ee choc evs eis a ee: 547, 883 COESPILOSULIN. ie ee ae Seine ae pCR 268, 885 
BIPIN Aiea eds oie shoe iets! Che Ree 547, 883 californicums.e.- eens eee ee eee eee 269, 885 
OTUSULOLO ne cat eke Ae ee 884 CONGGENSE 5.2 oe i.k scien cree TOO 861 
ANGATCUICAEehels ceberer iate etic ities ene ee Pe 547 CAPUL-MeENdUsae). >...5c/s\ezesFsko nee Be 861 
OTCLLCUN Fete 6 RK ae oe ene 884 COTiUlAgiNeUnes o.coisccsen oe eee 864 
DOTCOLUS 3 Meretcc hin Ge dyi age Civ oreo Cee 884 coelesté Var trzfurcatum:... ce «+ eee nee 886 
JERE RED IEG A CES BOG REO Ee ae rene as 884 Gepresstim 3! 6 isis ob, cksis gs Sieve Se eee 271, 885 
MACTODRYULLG We iene leon a Coe 549, 884 Gistichony ..0.0 sen en eee eee 274, 885 
TUESNUG HS Eee See ic Se eC 548, 884 ClymMOtdes a =< cee ew oc eters ciaiejee ee 1 
occidentaliste sem etc ee nee 548, 884 GUSSONLANUM ceteris ce he eee 272, 885 
OGOTATARE ee eet ns ciectieae Cee 547, 884 hexastichon:. ...t ssn ck inks ese 274, 885 
PF TAQTONS scoot ston ayers) distereleteiereches eee 884 NYStrixeG. Seon se eee eee 272, 887 
CAMESUIU ahah carer tele ieeee 884 RYSETIDS sco He aise Sete voter's He a etre 885 
ighlandibent sccm enc atten eee ee ae 341 jubatum®.2 222-6 sues eee 267, 268, 885 
TD AYE eye eee. cei vars teehee wove so ee eos xe we jotenee 485, 884 GAeSpItOSUM ns 3 cs ee ee 268, 885 
belamcerie tt ncteen cee Oe ee 486, 884 leporinum’.... 20.00 2c.- seme SORE ee 272, 885 
Nonewtolareer iy. cee 487, 884 MATINUMs), eis Co eee 212550 
Cenchroideseaewees occ cent: 485, 487 GUSSONITANUM. .Jo se eee ee 885 
LOngtI{OlIG Some Ds ne Or 884 MATULINUNUS « aceis de be Bielb eis Sie s eo 272, 885 
HA OLS to HRS HO ICG Oiene OEE 884 QUSSONTANUM.« 2102 oe «tele De Oe 885 
PANES ie Sysver terete sua toranere ie ows ca Sree 489, 884 MONLANENSE . eee siel eller ie ee 267, 268, 886 
DAWULDL CE, etatra tomatete hate 2 = eveyone taal sys 2 eee 487, 884 MMUTINUM 5! soocc cist w els fae os eYs eee 272, 885 
PIGId Ags 2 aed ce aik sha ee me etee Se te 489, 885 leporinwm,. 4.6: shel sernc ose eee oe 885 
SCTUC CO Aa ccn ooo eee kee. 884 MODOSUTI. .« <owiesdicrce 2 Ristake ove Giole SOE 269, 885 
Swallenpreis eee ce cake cere ee 487, 885 DOT EAEC «cc ctiye Soyesc elensis eeloee se Oo 
COLON ee hee ake wre ere ee oe 487, 884 GED? CSSUM s.o:c:c:s aleve eis uae a ee 885 
Haimalayarainysorasset. acter cir cs ace crocs 740 DOMME <2.6 Voce ce kh Oe Eee 268, 886 
EIRP DAQT OSES SECATIUS «.ois.4: .0: 0010, crave o. ciate eee ene 909 MOL UAL. oi. oicioc sie Bs ears hee Piet 860 
Og emille ts. Sei teircca vier ieee ei ee 691 polystichum Var. VUIGATE. ....0.... = sees tele oeielels 886 
ET OICUS ee erase reserenenessietayeieeionste ee oes 305, 885 PusWluM m7 scieceie eee eee eee 269, 886 
OLDUTUS Se dopant oe eee 884 PubenS! 2s. . cists uss che ee ce eee 270, 886 
CU OTT DUT CUS Horses ohera cess po ah aio hee eceeene 851 TUCNLIY Ras, o ek aie soiouene ee OE ee 886 
QUENIGCCUS & ecreressilars oo Bick eo cs eked ere 823 SQEWWUWIM 3 e000 cis 0 cie Bie ios 810518 eee eee 886 
DULDOSUS ace e ch i ace Ce 823 VUIGUT Eo. vic ed ose mos wee a Re Ee 886 
DUCOLON rae pag Fale eee 957 spontaneum... oo «s..2%1e0 es Ae eee 274, 886 
DONEQL IST Actes isl nko eee Ee 884 stebbInslis. ce octet 6 oe CRE ee 272, 886 
DULDOSUB AS ea aster eee eee 823 SELTALWIN jokers oc Sw 016 010 ee we Ee 864 
COLMOTUM sate) tee olan eo ee Eee 957 UTEP UT COLUM ayo aya o-corors cies dinleekala oie Ae ete 886 
COTMUUS scree ethan d cheep eo eee ero Tote 957 ULLLOSUIN 2 a. od. 0y/0,0.a:4.s,6 4¥o heat «ae Tote 863 
CONLONVEUS Sait ciotote ue che olelostl cs ae eaeh eae kerk 883 Vi JUNACUM «aia. ic, c.dheys'e slorsic)e otis ee 864 
VIR BSI AES ein Dey ie Maat ond lacie 958 WUE ATO: ore ss sic) He diars seaere citer 267, 274, 886 
WR AGTONS weisioiais os ole Oe Eee 884 trifurcatum: ¢..4s6. es ener eons , 886 
halepensis yas eee OTe 773, 957 Howell:bluegrass. . <4. <0 -ctoecicl seer 104 
lanatusis cece oe eee ne ee eee 305, 885 Hungarian) bromeraa- eee eee eee 31 
VALUES oii ee Ee 978 TASS spc coc axe evele ious Rion RL eRe ROR 725 
IN OMS). fy Nefeyciz oie eke Ske VAL oo oe eee 305, 885 Heracles EE AON PRE e a oC Ot 566, 886 
MOTAUCOLD  eicte parce seed rh eee 884 GUT OLES 8a ic oicso yous opto CE eee 
MULDTES ssi oeodn io SCG A De EE Ee 956 Caroliniensis.;;). .2 76 ocho ee eee 566, 886 
GQUVENACEUS ra. eeicteisie Clee oe eee 956 GistaMS os oke cicicicininreieretess co, Acker 945 
OdOratuses.c se tee AL ee eee 884 SLU ILAMES aioe ote sisieielcieioisinceletoaeworere eer 886, 879 


cenitiaiihe. 


os lieth 


—_ 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Page 
Hydropoa, section of Glyceria.............-. 82, 86 
Hadnopyrum esculentum, ... 220+ ccescceee sees 980 
MONG s.o 9 oboe ao oOU OOO oO oOo OODDD OOOO Ot 886 
IRINCLACHIVERUAGUCAN Nn Alers) eiohelel lore elie cron-kel eral evetens 947 
SET CLL PE cr er ea ial estan al iat aire Slerironos eee level ees 947 
Hymenothecitum tenellum........+0.022 ser eeees 796 
OH OUNE LILO 0 DICT OSC ORIO TO CHD EEN Ce ceo Once tee 796 
jehwoRmloeNhs eduodeaboodnonvuoobboagonope 772, 886 
VATE CA ea arse Sioned eka cease levees» Romance 773, 886 
DSCUCOCYM DANI Aes se sclerosis eto cuelenctolene 
THUD ag Soe SIA DCO eet ie oie ae 772, 886 
ERS GLEE eT cer eleraas iaiotous, che) hlaScelels recs 264, 886 
CEA MICA AE nos Gis ciples Ob See oe nano a 267, 886 
GCI as HO ASEM ODED Coen ee 
PORT URDS JS i tgatns 4G RIC OI eee eG 267, 887 
DOUG U ares repens A cassie wosle leks eels susne 264, 266, 886 
TOW. cabo vod von oaouono OE 267, 887 
CHAT MUSHOLALO CTE Ieee ah co ees eee 925 
Nam OReSC erect re erence ts teen Gos os cieceaeae EAS BY fen (03) 
REG LOY Oy 0) ch Gere ee ce ORE IE once CET ie Te 349 
MTA TOC AE A ee RECT eG obi ec. orevel opines « 737, 887 
ETUC UIUC CE Mae RR tics aay Sek oro eee ee te aah 88 
LINEN U COM nee Ne eT ae 887 
WOOD STEE HOS EADS BE IS ib aA 887 
rasilionsisms ea eae ae oie witicse ation 737, 887 
AH OTHI Bat diated ORS OIL CA re ae 887 
re val Oliaepeer carey ee EN gece reac ls eel 737, 887 
COMA CLO ee Mea THE is 5 ile) EER Be aS 887 
CALNE A MRO y ee wale cons ethers Gls eta ne 737, 887 
WOGICCR IM SUPA TS RIL ah oe allow bs 737, 887 
SLCCHOMUILG Omen ens ea Dai cola encre asus lane @ heole S 898 
[harsh OWA Sess oo Bot ao SO Oe Dien coe Ooton 151 
[baysheun, GOLD. 5 GS GOS .G PO ODE A DIO a ee 794 
CUBIS soa G od.0 6 RIOD OLU A RE ee oe ae ld 
LICE ASS ee eee ee oes TBM ss cons ceaatale ieee 437 
rd Ocalan Seater eee. eile haere cee ei eee 29 
ImdustrraliartsoTasseshimy. Co.s. ce cs «oes oe 3 
HMLORESCENCOME MRI. rans eae PISS Me bees 7 
Injurious grasses. .31, 245, 263, 267, 445, 462, 731, ee 
linlanvdebluieconrassa-eescce fists foc csr cclslclatnlew’s sens 
LEON: MOGUEDOUMUIOSS 6 06 DS Bo. GOO ROOD OD OD TOUS 300 
Ischaemunnglabrn si. s 0s es «ele wel el ete > es 975 
NGORSIONGES 3.5 cleHie dio.6 Oe PCE eee CE De 788 
QOUSPOUNB SSG 6 6 6S. 6 NOG RS OS SO 870 
SOT OOSUHTO 3.6 8.516 ee RS: OD SOL a ea 894 
SAGO Tne oi clo Cin FO.0 A POOR EER EO eS 966 
AGalianemaille tees teem es os eee ws ces 718 
TERESA RESIS Ain ato comteao.c GO Le acne Cena 274, 275 
ECO DNOKUSHOLCULCUS ie Chesed 934, 952 
QUGUCUS-UCEULG CLO er ehh ae ok 951 
PONCE & 8.0.0 6 CO OG 6. Be OE RAE eI 952 
OGMCHNGIWS. 5.6 's.6 6.00 OS OMA 6 EOE De oon 954 
OOPOGIS oo 60 bb ou 2 nie Bis A OER En Ae Opis 954 
WLP ANESCLCHESSHe iis ae ee ees eee PO ale She's 51 
A WANOT ASS ERE ee eee as eee eee 484 
“ITM. 5 Gig 8 0 ble Sloth oro ee Bete ees 711, 714 
UDINE oc. 0 oo bd Urb ia quake Sameer 773 
WODS=tCALS Hee eee Lie see eee eee 789, 790 
UOOMG ON CADE 5 oc cic eo ocho 6 he Se eee Ca 
UOWIRG| ORES. 6c od on neocon Onan we Sn Geee 245 
IODA PAES jc ood bo DD. Glow OD ite a eae eee el ae 281 
UDINASAKIDS 5S bio bo 0 ba BD OM OD OO Ee eee ale 
[Kavi GG86G Mo's BD Scab. CRC ee eee 773, 775 
TIAL OOLLTASS HR ee ere eee nse Bie 789 
caro lian eee rer eynrr are wie A ea hy or 
LECTUS UTI eRe ey Me AL mah SLE Shinn 561 
Eentuckyaplueerassee ness je ek ke 100, 115 
EGhials= lh ais ia te eae eee SS en Loh Role es Olay 772 
TRIOS NTS 6 aio ola Oo uenal OMG Ris eC ate Near eea ne te 772 
IKGTGURAR: PANEER SoS culos og oe oe Cae ie a eas 729 
IKUINOUABARR 6.6 6 obsolete oa oun OS Rone ee ee 603 
KMOtroot bristlezrasseem uke ens 720 
Geleniaee He i eR Oe, 281, 887 
WROUKDBs 8 os 68 0's be Be ee 982 
CHA OSU s.c bo > dS oe Day Re ee 887 
COUT CORP Te TTR ete nO a be 975 
DIAChUSLOCNhY SHER ee La oe he ee 888 
COUMBOGISS Sicio.0 Go Gio 0 DAO ee ee 977 
CLIStAt Aare Te eo! 281, 888 
GIL CULUSPER er py re ee tae Rf 887 
UTR Oi ehecc ro. oS ROR ae 281, 888 
OLNOR ciist'c. bs SH ROS re eae ee 887 
UULLEDL eR enh pts een AR oe 887 
COMEDIUG S 0 OS OF Sk ee ee 888 


DLOESCEIUS arene hin sy) oe ATi 887 


1025 


Koeleria—Con. Page 
CLETONEULA ar Ren Reich ern Gosia ecas Me 888 
GL CULUS Cesar rer H ers deh Us ee ODeRosho eeee 887 
GOSY CLOG eee eaiete teen a eee 888 
RAEN OCTUSUS rch Pia eaereesLane aire TA EET 888 
PISCUAOCTUSLALOLAES ay poietic eect inate ee 888 
VOLO RONS cet teh caa RAC eae ee alars 888 
LODAEG pe ene rte sr cee Sa Ce cae ee a ST te 961 
(ila Vilas oe Oe ODED HDB Reo EO OOD . 888 
BOUL ORO eer Aare re cae ae 888 
QUOC UOTE sweet ehcke ereee eRe 888 
UDAPLOTG ys nec nees Soe acs ee ae 888 
DUEL era ee ie oa Ter SUE RR Tat 887 
OTKGUSANG oie nee 887 
DREvICULINUSEIee ee ree 888 
COLITOTMUCONG Reese Re ee 888 
OWT ORIRS 5S ola aio clo OHIO alo 6 dia.o 888 
ETANSUETIS Vo ore ee ee 888 
VDESEUED Reese orciatov elena aerate ee eens 888 
COWDALD HA act e atciek eer R ee Ee eee 888 
LOL TONS ed rope eos bioray MaGT ED A Oe eS 888 
(Yo Rirto Rania oe tives piesa ate et ney nee eee ae ey ha 888 
MUSSOUTIANGA Re Ce 888 
MUNUG re We ae toate eC Es 888 
SUDLANUGINOSO Me ee ee ee 888 
DUD ULOT A Pecerseencievetcuone star shemenee rete tore 888 
SUWOTE DENS. an enraicnehaeistave ake teverele oie aetna ene 888 
ODEUSALG ech tas es Re ees 961 
ONUCUIOLG Ei ieteict aaron eiche orale arsine etre 961 
METUNSULULILUCH ey Nan er eee ea 960 
DL] OF ec Pet oe tos AER Serene OR OEE ede 960 
Dhleord estes 235, te oe Pinecone ae 281, 888 
polyantha var. californiensis............-. 888 
PSCUCOCTUSLALO ae neni ee eee 888 
COL OTNICA Rane ee ee 888 
CETUSCUESEULG ato ORS oop el oe 888 
LALOR eo Ou a Ee 888 
Lontgufolvaztecw tetra. ond vane le 888 
OT EG ONO asia ieken renee ee ee pe ah eek een al Stee 888 
VIGO OOHWIODS Gon G OOD OB DEUS UHC OS OO 888 
DULCHELO Sen eter RI es ee ee 973 
TODUUSONUAN On anne R ae ei ere ae ee 888 
QUSER GUS oes ee oR ano ot EE 888 
SDUCOLG yee eey eee e RAV PEL oTee oka ohel eos anenete eee eS 977 
SUDSDUCOLAM rare Oona tar lems la ons eee 977 
ET UNCOLO TR aoe CE reer oaier ol ok ak ase eres 961 
UUEMNOP A565 oO OL Petar bie Oe 960 
i<oreanslawnerass cee ier cicter seer eect 484 
VElViEtE TASS aysiu siacsret wore teucelvepsuchcee os! eee hae 484. 
OT YCOT DUS ATUNGINACEUS....<0..sese2ss0ncee- 853 
DEY ECEF A NCIS) Saas 3 ene Sere Ra ae ae a RARE a so. ill 
AChnagrostus pnicovdess pantalones alee ee ie 879 
TOLL ONT OCLC Hea SOR Ro TES 803 
RDU CEN OUI: eens cate ok Redo ILENE rete 803 
TOertiGrOnyZOud eS ee eee 889 
aeviacroup of haspalum\;.;.. aces oe secs 615 
J EY EAD DISAB EU oti ri RAI ee VAL La Sects Ace 369, 888 
CULE ATICUS Sane pe ee oe eae 887 
OVALUS weap tail erat Rios ototie cena 369, 888 
GAMA C Ki aie hace eee as Ue eed ere cncaoccinie eee 184, 888 
DUCA eee ten ea senate SITIO eet ne one 184, 888 
Lorelle eater HAL Phat tea ee 796 
Lancearia, group of Panicum................: 668 
Lanuginosa, group of Panicum................ 656 
EAD DAG ORGLUCTIGS ee eA eee 969 
NATO ha 6 Sooo b ae solos BODUBM OU DUGE > oc 969 
OCCULENLGLUSHReyta terete oar GR este eA ee ee 969 
RACCITO SOME 8 oooh crs el ee 969 
arge=floweredstridenS 2 5 -1vac4 ioe ee ee 210 
TBE ASTAICISK om en eet ye ee eae, Ra tar Ue NL ee ean oe 706, 888 
GivariCatalsnay cs orcs se hen ee eee 707, 888 
UGASTOSLEG ON ILINULUS ee eet ee ed ies ee .. 838 
atiolia, sroupoftscanicum. 4.0 e ole eee 679 
WAawNZrass: Japanese. cs) acim aetseieie es abe reece 484 
ECO} Hye Wa ta, Gat HN ee Ee eT Renney es iTS 7 484 
VielVie tenuwtict caer ckoeban hay Naren a eae 484 
Lawns, grasses for..... 4, 58, 74, 100, 115, 334, 339, 
340, 341, 352, 484, 503, 586, 595, 787 

Laxa, group of Panicum Fe a te cee a 702 
Laxiflora, FF ROVOYS) COVl JEMNMKOMINEao Gos oouoebc soucT 644 
WEATEOIOTASSES ito caeate enSE Par suelo gical eeePoege es 6 
WeCrsiavis.iee peer FS BRN PMH ent in a ta Se 558, 889 
ES DET TUM Grae bagetaseeeiy st pls waren beenteeooe eee ae 889 
COTLET ACEO acca talekoteh Rareh casio ace oaene nets eliepe 889 
CAVING RS Hoe oy PET Rel o OR ES OE EE Eras cone iota 889 
CUD TTA hs a SA Ren OB NOR AN ED Paint HeLa ERE ORR Ar 8) coi iy 889 
OULU eee one Geek ai a TEA CTT Ae ES 889 
Hexandranc ec cichs Ae Se Serie 560, 889 


1026 INDEX 


Leersia—Con, Page Page 
RIMONLCOLG ec, ok oo) cea ease Hee 889 Lesourdia karwinskyana..22 24. Gee 949 
lenticularis*; Yi. tino eee ee 558, 889 MULL OT AE 5 oh accent eee 949 
METICONG irearajone,c seitteieusierershon ee eee 889 Lettermantneedlerrasss30 eee ee eee 458 
MONANALAA ser tk ceo eis eee 560, 889 Ley Mus Grentcola disc wieil.ti-= cer me oe Coe 860 
OLY ZOIUES) See eee ee ea ee 558, 889 PAVESEETIS As cicveranc hoo ee Eee 861 | 

OLGUT GE ee cee eee eee 889 GU ANLCUS a ciche isi! Hein s 4) oo OO OC 861 
ATUCUUSO eA ARE ORE tia MIs Ae 558, 889 ANNOVOLUS)s Neeiests ce ee Eee 862 
OQUOLG rote ee RTO hee ee OEE Eee 889 MOWAS: (fics s ole os Ole verde cae eine ee 863 | 
ETO OLD et hep hen tes ee Ee 889 UE COLMES 2s een Brcranats. ise oo Oe 863 | 
WITLINICA A. | cae eae nee 558, 889 VATCOUVET CNSUS > a.) Vorahevenoierolel « Piette re ene 863 | 

OQUGLO Peet ores eae in Oe 890 Tigule® sheet. on. sake Le ke eee eo oen 

ihehmanniloverrass..e ee oe ee oe ee eer 168 TANNA ATKONSANG eee eee eee 893 

Ihelbereybluesrass sae ne ces ore eee 133 DULOSA rete sia fae ous e ves eteKe ioe ogc ee ls Me 893 

GCININ AS Pye ee ae Re rere io, Beene eee ites 8 Tnammnetusicynosunoidess\ ss. ee eee 959 

emmonineedlerrass:cs ener. aoe eee 457 QLADT Ostet Be & i eos oe Dee OC OE 958 

FC IMONELLASS 2 ch eae ove ein Ree eee 772 QLOIMET AIG 5. ct Relishes as nt ee 849 

LCDUCUTUSITICUTDILS eee eee eee 927 FUNCEDI Ss sis eth Side ele 016 CBG CR Ee 959 

IGATHOUOE WRN. 6 6 SoA eos Oo SO Ok nD ED ObaooS 937 MONOGYNG «Merwe ook cof EEE 959 

WGeDLAtheravin mts oe hice oe eee 999 DOVU/SEACRIG = Os epee eB Oe 959 
TOULCATUNL TE ee cite wie eee 999 Thimnod ea: x. chit ee eee 355, 892 

Heptochloarerser eee crouse kone Ce ete 491 ,890 arkansanacd oon eee oO ee 357, 358, 892 
GULENUGIG Here RAs Ie ee 493, 891 PU OSO id a eR Ee 358, 893 
DLAChIOLOs eee oe PCE Oe 891 Bn PN ANG sts. eas iets! «ssl oeoee eee Cee Oe 29 
chlonidiformiss, oo s64 06 eee eee 492, 890 Tnthagrostis lacryma-jovts cc =. «ato einen eee 847 
Gomingensis*hec. ook eee 492, 890 Tittle*barley.. fc... Hisense ee i eee 269 
GUDIa Date. ee cet, SE ee ee ee 491, 890 bluestem ao ic ack See ee ee 749, 753 

DIAN GLEAN pte els Oe 890 ONION ETASS. sess cvporshea eas ato Se rere 197 
fascicularis svt cet Cae eee 493, 890 TICELTASS. 6 oie aojec soos meres eda tele tee 438 
filifOrmis soos ere etc e eee 492, 891 Hittleseedtmubhliy.. 0... 2 oa. roe eee 378 

OMIT OT ner e in Gn Sats G oi eee Bo Eee 891 TICELTASS!. 610-6 ac ele = ciara ales tales bie eee nema eRs 438 
OTMIOUN GAG ee ORG ee 496, 891 Livadas croup of Baspalum. + ..4.-eeen eee 604 
Aerts Sts ere oa EEE 891 LOGIGUIES® . Sostiaics hetero ee eT eee 9 
CINDGICOLG Tass 6 Cee ee Ee 494, 892 TrOWUIN sox awed qin eomae eke Ch neh Deere 274, 893 
LONGLOTS eC a ten et ee ee 891 OTUCTUSE nc Sisne see socks ee OLE eee 893 
LVEDINAN TURE SO Oo ea OR Ee 891 DrOStltQT WI 5.215 cas: sustorche- oven toys eet eee 893 
NULCEON ALG AER eee ee 493, 891 CONGAENSE: Sees Ae wie oe one Eee 893, 982 

DULCHELULG Wt: eee eh ee er 891 CYLUNATICUTIU slaps acai cielavoro-a tals avs ere ee 898 
TMULTCORE oen is one Si a ae 892 AAU CWIN. sh OE Baie eB ante ee 275, 893 
Mealleyieee ees Ake ek cee ar fo 494, 891 MultioLUmMer ee eee ee eee 274, 275, aoe 
QULUSUTLOT Oe cris sR Oe Cee 890 GUMUNUUMNe Sh Se eras eT EE 893 
Pani COldesmn., 3 4 Se tes ee ee 496, 891 UOLUCUM isin wicnere eh one TE 275, 893 
DOANIUCULOLOS TE tir PREC oe 891 MUCTOSEACHIYUNMU Se. ele a ecstoeieee a Poe 275, 893 
DALEN Ste eeeten teres seo tbe sore 890 TAMOSUMI Se eel are aussie Me ee 275, 893 
DOLL UCU LL Gees his state Seen EEE 891 SUDIULCCUTIU Atos oeaneok er ee 984 
DENENTUUSH MER Creede ote enti Oe Ree oes 892 POCONO. oyerstelere = a hagt ee ee 274, 275, 893 
UL OSCHANGL hte Pend erty bith Uy ene pea 891 CLIStATUIM eee or ie eee 275, 893 
POlystachyaene oe COLE eee 891 UEGITOUIIUE TS «cre keye yeceuevstnts oe ee 893 
DUI ns chiueris te este eon oe 890 MULT PLOT ALT Why, (obsic eae store eee 893 
TUGUAG We ci. Re po lose 8s Cu 869 MNVUCTOSLACRYWINY = asters eeleeei eee 893 
SCADA ian eon ee eee eheten ocd: 496, 891 DOCY Yi. <orni'e says, ite Tete oid toe rate 893 
SDUCOLO Me yee Sane ge Lc Ete eee eh ote eee reat 974 TUQUAUM so dove fo Pale ss loneee ea ee ee eee 893 
SERUCL OM rae epee coe ee Ee Se 891 Persicum = ecco eee 275, 893 
PUD aeRO Oty PONG ROMO IES MBA OO SOL 2 891 TEMOtUM sce vee eh oe oe eR oe 275, 893 
UNIMON VIAN a sa eign. ow lee ee eae is.hatreee 494, 892 SCOUTUIM Se cio-nc eee eis ele eke ee ee 893 
virgata BSE St AAR he POY Fae i) RD 491, 492, 892 strictum..... hath Shei ie 6 Ae ee 275, 893 

OTUSLALO neh oa ee Ee 892 subulatum 5 oc cc hers cio Oe CRI 275, 893 

GOMINGENSISHe oe peer 890 temulentumecne sce eee eee 274, 275, god 

UNLEVMEACLA MES, Vo eee eee 892 OATDETISES eis ite-ctiie Rie nk eee Re 893 

NULL CO ae Grane eo a Ee ere 892 CONGAENSE sa ie sa%e inte usiete nnetheks ae ee 982 
VDUGLELUT cer en a ee eeu ie, ce See es 892 leptochaetona | aes eee eee 275, 893 
VASCIGA Oe sph rein acs, THO Riss ake SEO 493, 892 MULELPLONALTN in. ores one-one ree 893 

Wentochlonisicnanutas eee eee ee 970 TGONE COM. see oie oes oe Os ele Re Oe 605 
GREG OUT eae tite ee EL ee 970 Longtongue mutton grass......am-...e-ecee wes 127 

Leptocoryphium drummondii............0005 818 Lophochtaeng caluformicd.« cr sterol e eter 937 
ODLUSUIT NE che ee ST OEE 818 TEST ACLEs.  cisde os iivie bie wholes «rete Hee oe eten 937 

Beptolomaet. cc veers Sot econ ee 585, 892 LEophochloa phicoides.o. saac «0 ooo cliente reine 888 
ATENICOLAM Ee ee oN oe Lace ete 585, 892 MHOVELTASS:. (0 te15 °c osteo teghorel oeueneteleteist Mier theron 140 
barbipulpinatum: Meee eee LLL ee 913 BOCh cs inn ene CRO ELE eee 169 
CODULGHISS Rt ee cic tstge PC Ee 913 Indian. 2s cient eee oe. DEEL ELE 151 
COLNALUMG a ae ae ee ee ee 585, 892 Lehmann (3: sd... os cee nee 168 
Qtchotomiuplondeme cee eee eee 915 Mexican’. a: s+ atveie ome ee ee eter 158 
MAULVOCED eR eine ek Cpa ee 920 DIBING 2s. Like eiaersis eon See eee 160 

Gentonyriun tenellunesaen weeedcles oar aoe ee 982 fo) bb)0) (- ee eS Gis omice-onio oot 164 

Leptostachys domingensis...........0-+se0cee 890 WEEDING score cosas 0h o'erere fs Shoas Rue ere denon revere 168 
UDI Demo ehne eatdes eee sees Re ae 890 |) Eudolphiamacnrospenmanns. ecto. ieee 1 erat 824 
LULORIMUSS eae keene ences ee ne 891 CECE oo SoS ie ok cis Rohs Bie I ee 824 
VET GLAM Re Cele Bedi mies. Se iE ee 892 Luziola cases! até cant chose oe eee 565, 893 

Pe pturuste Oriana ee ieee ee ee 277 GLADAIMEISTS veges c ce edes © orocoiol e ereletee teen re 893 
COLAND CTIA Hee 3. ca dis Oe 949 bahiensiseei.3 sc see Ae Eee 566, 893 
CUULNORICUS Pattee ee Oe 277, 898 alabamensis....... Pe eon a5 Gia 893 
filiformis var. incurvatus..........ccreceee 926 CONOLUMTANG Le ers a tsa nate etek eee ee 886 
UIUCUTVALUS © 6 aie rote EEE Giclee nee eee 926 CATOMNTENSISS ~~ cee ook 2s be selec eeterebe oars 886 
ENCUTVUS See ee me ae Ee Cee 926 Vongivaloula es cn pace een eee ee 893 

UNCUTVALUSIA” tone Crone Oe 926 Longivaluulud..........+.---5+ 2-22 ee eee 893 
MANVICUIOLUS eo cia yare siete ede ie eee OEIC 948 PELUVAANS. «cco Sart io ca enone ene teres 566, 894 
TOPE ehvvetete eiererscors ne a eiaie! eee etatinstieas oie aemcteienete 997 PUSULAT le Gein ose ni-le = © eine tenia 893 

LeEDy7V.0L1S CANAAENSISas se oe See eee oO eiaeiee 903 SEUGEG Toisas Re he Dies AOE Rie FOE Te aloes 893 


Wien ChenfEeldiasflexuOsa mitotane reiioiecieaietertkenste 853 TY.CUrUS+ Un ae oo eri te etnies 365, 894 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1027 


Lycurus—Con. Page | Melica bella—Con. Page 
PONG Eo gis pie aa bento boeo ONO on bb oe 365, 894 SNLONSA A eed ea ...197, 895 
TLC ALCULOUUULS tava olereners wie toreeel erie ees 894 DROMOUL ESHA RS AA erin ets Seer aoe a 
SHIGEO BOs UO ORO COO Oo OO COIS 900 hawellvieetaates Mees RES ee 
FG ELLINES DOME areieueveickais rereke oi sieisielehelslis ere os 3 bulbosassscreec see rok vdtace aes 196, 894, B08 
CHESNULOSA Ss Ane es asl iat eee oe 895 
IMeveoum WAC EA@scocsdeccobondoducddouboGoKD 257 RNPALO Ua Rink RCM ae 896 
Macroblepharis contractus..........0.00 ee eves 867 UY DUCO aren RoR eS SNE nee 895 
INTaideMmcane ere tics cate osrseais ec SoG ene ee 704 bul bosareagaicciar.cest een eee ee 204, 895 
VUCUG COROT AUNOAN ATLA ee ctel sie l-vee aeiaccleie «ce eels 834 Californicaasmr een eee 204, 895 
SIN Tea ME er SG aco coil ay covrosiaties oussl sl cl tot ta eocesee tis os 794 MEVAGENSISS S:sey fas iteloo-rol ee 204, 895 
UISCSROL PEE oe hehehe ae celieis eye auchovenshese eae toiee te 3, 794 CEPA COA eae ia. 9 sea heel Ute Rene ny nee 897 
Malacophylla, group of Paspalum............. 624 Gillie Gaara eye Pao nantes tnssltn rs eh ene a ea 204, 895 
HV ial] Oil eeeermien re tet ay Siete ache hclats, Sbekerenalecoce: nvabersulerctts 587 Colpodiordesmaa-e Ti a ee 896 
ORGAO eae cs OUR CIO OO COR rE ee 999 CULiPEN CULAR Rees ee Ee 828 
LIUSUG TELSTAR MCRD aoe aida orga ee RS a a SER 999 QU AUS Ore stotierd aioinch ae tat oletek hacia eh cael ame 896 
Wiel aperaiss erty eet coon: aceooeseeravaye srr savant basse 484 TUULE TUS rare torscoh Fok vedo ee oot tee, 896 
VISMISUTISEMENC efits tiororsraricn sie etee oo @ Gusieneeenoens 785, 894 CL USC err eUN yaiot th eohshol atest al ae eee 898 
UGISSIIM AN ee re eae toiollchenaacsne hues ee eens 785, 894 PUUALCIS Sh cs le Rev Lett n ceo at eARIE ect een ne eae 879 
CUTIUDESURUS His Sey eanee cen dtc aie ake eiels Macnee ioe 894 LY UTESCENS oe. tat ee neem LA ee 203, 895 
CRE DN AMUN Teer po rh eae alo) se SCO ah eB he ae 894 bai Keats) Ca ee Bi eer eee cat ee Ree te 197, 895 
CONMUG LLP A Me Seater ovetonere ional Site oushel seca ater aiete 894 VVCLDGIUSO erste watcha Soke MAR Ne eV Ee 895 
NRCG he PY Pale eat CEES CCR AG OR eR ORS 894 MOCOTUDCUSN essere 895 
Cyndi Care weNte es ae ietonc cio wis, shone eiasrei eke 785, 894 Mpokyn Olt, soadooddueadoseebooose se 895 
CLO GLAM ee hse aie. Alelaievoien alate iscsi ale 785, 947 OV OEM sient eae alae HAAR eee noe 196, 895 
WGSCUCUL ALG gisele cickece coeis sas Sede: 785, 894 aristulatave tesco sen ce eee 196, 895 
TRO OUICR OSS SRS OO IRE Rene 882 GOUT Uaioe ec nce ene ees OS ee 895 
TAVLOS Meee hea ne coger io cs ite feline sds geile Nec 785 (LUGNG Ro is AS inten RAPS IE cat rich harper BiG 896 
OLY SEACTUY) OPE Meuse tions oe) Sine oldie wiles ett 882 UL VGe cette cic iace ae lore ae co lee eh aan 877 
RUS OSA eae AA Rivers Sera ec eubievaianie nh 787, 894 lN2Fy (oJ 0 Wisse ais din nm bin OOO SEO Ose 8 Ut 195, 895 
CRO DINO NU mee tet Shc, s sdoue Sie iol sl ee ehosniee ns 894 INUTLOR Oa Gere iosaerate intone eae Nee oie 195, 895 
COSSE ll Atay wn AEM ious Seta sole lobe rere ee 787, 894 UG OTP SUES Wise HEIN CEs atoms wean avcs 895 
ROQUGTI es in 0 OR I RONER ERECT 894 COTUUUSI Ne tah ease nese) cio) RSE Noh ceee ATG 896 
EUberculosaereice cae c caerdis sora ee 8 soars 787, 894 VATIACLOLLD See a A ene ne 896 
MIAN ACTASS Meet a Perce teen oor wore ron otek ee 81 WaoVaVaUAKba o uuG 6 Mao Sana Geos 192, 203, 896 
AIBC TIC AMIE I cities Sens oir oi lere tei Revestane 82, 86 MEXWOSA ea ion dae Sue te 203, 896 
CASTOTIMV Rei eree Te mats cused they wieluliwrenctate susie sg 84 AUTY ODS ste sao i ek ele 203, 896 
LO WIPER EET ae ao resis, ys csisho elev Goh 2 os 82, 89 DILD ENS ine eae ER et eee 896 
TROT EMCI aee we eee ea oo shia lonstorandee wdneale aiate ag 83 Petractarcctrsucrce tea eiees atareni cee ks 203, 896 
HAUELESM ACME we sera ait Gio seers Gihieae ies Slane eee 88 SCSQUULOTOM: tee Wachee et en 897 
Noe 6 do Bisio Oats alo AS Eup ol eee ee ene 82, 89 UM DETOTOLO a ae Rr Petree 896 
MIB WER AOD tos Ge. B.Csmie oO Oe Ie eee eee ee ee 329 iy 0 0 E23 ce Waa ea gc ro UR ON nara gr se asl aes 197, B96 
IMiaScarene@Tass!..s: <iciae sya c es wie ere cnet ease 484 Longiligulati nen dann nee =f tts er ee 895 
IME EARENOOY, o's %bna oforo-o- Shed Ate eee roa Meee 537 MACOTUCLET aor ins Ee we AE aoc tala ee 895 
TAIN yeaa eee iS coe Fer cue Sues a Eee 382 MOACLANLEN GM Pe tree 942 
Maxima, group of Panicum.................-- 695 MELUCAN ARTO Re ee hohner cE 838 
Maydeae 5.5.0'0 6b b O'R ors LkEeee Rea ene Seaienee ect a a 26 MONCEZUMAC es Aeneas 201, 896 
MCS: UAVCTPUCLN.. oo 0.0.0 6 6. SOA OOOO MOOD OOO DOS 979 MUNLCNVERTIOGNG eae ire er ate 896 
FFX oh sb, 6 Bre ORG, OO 0 Ent EE Er ER ee ae 979 MULUTETVOSOP ER ener 207, 979 
CREB. CHCONSES bso OBio ao hb Loe OU ese 979 TMU GE Caer ee eee, Rel ina cecal ab Damo 201, 896 
(TUTHOEZLR o'5's' 670.0 0-0. 6 Bibb Ect OFLC 979 OG US Os lau Sree Rent ROR he 896 
IMigaxclony DAMIER. 6 oS 6G adda 0b o oad ob ees Ho ee E 268 IGBTS kia ie ee area one 896 
ROXCA1 Mee eee ee iy rec che, een ana Set teen ati 358 OL TUISLON Darter iee ern Roe ae 896 
ET ASSCSHR RE ease as oe sees, oc ete oN 305, 519 ISHS EDR eith th ee ERO n Roh oreo tr. SARE Eaary BL DRIER EET 943 
RoOUch=stallkkedperaeeer oe ete an ake are 117 MICE See haa ci) ae eee 201, 896 
Mediterranean barley...............000c ee eee 272 PILOTES mereka Whar ya MeN arial pe a ero Mk aetna 896 
Megastachya'amabilis. 2.0... 0.0. 865 MUVIGANISH Arete EE RN hc ae Rs epee atest 192 
CONAACNSUSHEER ROTO ie es he oe eens 879 DI DININEL ietey Mocs ese SORE toe PS 895 
CHMGH ES» 0.0 0 0.80.6 6.0.0 0.0 Set DACRE ane eee 866 DUPICOWUES) oS obb on Db OOD BBO DSSS Gb b OU DS Be 896 
FROGFORS 06 5b 00 Oo. 0. OOO 0k ORC oe REE INCI 866 DALUSNUs Ar renee hone OR ee 896 
(HIOUMORCIDIS 0.6 60.0.6 60-0 OO Ot, TOOL OO De 867 PIOTVUPLON GS 2 Ley ea PORT SE ao 896 
CROWNS 5 ooo COD OAS OR OT ALE CR ee 867 DOGCOULES eae Ne ee naa aes eee 895, 896 
VOULPUNE 5 5:6. 8d 6 bob Oi do: EU CRO ERIS 937 ACUMINGLE ne ee 897 
QNUSA » ‘c- 6 6.0 6°. b 01.6 OOD o CORO RE CR EMR RS ee ecucnceS 866 DROMOLAES ata to eee rn eee 895 
QEIUGHS 0 6 0-6 0 abo Re A BO OO INE 868 VIUIGLOT ohne cciecOa tellers tue eee ee 896 
COBSUITHD 3.6. OOOO ots CAO RIC ETRE 868 DOLLET Perea, e yes, Binks Meee aE 192, 201, 896 
DVUNUCOUG CSP PANG eh ese cae hele Macdtntsie ales Se ees 891 Pe Wace s Ate err Acoten eae a e, Rata a 201, 896 
GUI DURDOODS 4. 076.00 8 NO Ho om dic ine cenmione 866 DUTDULASCETUS Meta nine ices eee 207, 948 
PODS 6. o'0:0°8.0. 6.08 Gl Dine0 CARE Rc eee 869 PA CEMOS Cis. cote eels iol Gilets His rae CORAM ee as 896 
SHOTGUNS 5 $s 3.55 BO OS RO OEE OORT CE 870 ROTUPLONO Hex h ieiiste let eee asa 896 
MED ETOU 0.5.6 OG Oe DE OS ATO ee ORO 892 ECE OTT ACER eee lok ieee eon Lo one te 896 
MielicM@ahikormiarepacuchicr el mitch nsiaisiele eis « claude: 203 SCODT.O ua hens Tee Ai ape EL oe Toe 896 
BNI @io.n g:0'S. 0-610 o7b chGa E CECEONG CREM ae ite et eee near 204 SCODRALU aE ale a oe es OG eae 897 
LAT LO Ce eee cere ee ce es ides see 195 STAG eee scsi eee Srna Socteare Mane Aen eo 193, 896 
IEP Ss 6 Sodio Gud DIO OIRUEES CI Ck cc Cicion Is ano 201 SPECTOSG vei hosiatis es oNe uae bacteria ta tarra retold eee 896 
MOCK een citer oa ce ans teal 198 Spectaloilaskis 25 ceseiosk eral de eat be eesinyst cat 196, 897 
SI Cheaper eet eee ecee nee etme kal os 193 SETIOLD AI ERIN Uo Sra A Oia Seek 207, 948 
Ghree— fl OWT IIIa rel cot aie oreo 201 ALDECANIS i Wek ora Reins oC 948 
INGTERERS 0-0 0-6-5 5.4.08 B60 BeOTH CD eae 203 SELIG ta icia sia acces aia ee IRIE 198, 897 
CWO-TlOW ED ertr ieee re Slat eieliile tee sivlsceus ales 201 ALDOUS re inion aOR clo a ee 897 
NIGH CaMP ye tN Wine ei skews owes 190, 894 Subulata se siete ta ehecsiece stents 192, 195, 897 
VGN PYG 3.56 86 bo 6G OC OA eon ee 89 LOETEY ANA eyes eecuevensbe ecohoneysesne sitions ene 203, 
VD» Jo o6'§ Borg 0.000 NS ABO OD 896 RUCIN OFAC ERR n omic pal sonic terres otek 977 
AlGISSITIN AE cee eee ora hicec: sree Bs aoe 204, 894, o54 Mielicorassieniran prc nccs his brane ese eee ee 190 
ODOT 5 Big Gro dicots o COE A RIOR fo Lance Welimid eae si tecce: scsscacoe neces Ack soe so aiSelh aerate 24, 569 
CQUQUCOMPE OE NR kek es alate santos Bla eles Bad INDGLiMI Seger ce es en RE ado Rot any Roe ee 569, 897 
CRTGQUCIS 6.6 idle 8 oie AOE OO LS SEG 943 VOTIALO Vag ava dood odeb Ee UO due OOD 569, 897 
Anistatarpree Menai cule sicucisysie sane swale 194, 894 TFOSEA EA ie eae tes Hi Riese ate. rea pci awe ralte Raft eare eis 947 


(WENN e.5'0 cio cas: HENCE BIRO een 197, 895 Melinumipaliustnes no. ae en © cc oe ene 980 


1028 INDEX 
Page Miscanthus—Con. Page 
Merathrepta americana.............22++-+--0 850 SINE@NSIS... 65-5 55 was s down eno ne eee 740, 898 
COLUPOTNICE Ake wis see hee nek ee 850 gracillimus=.. a on cos soe eee 740, 898 
COMUPTESEO.« 5 cheln ei nkairie sine e123 ake ee ee 850 VATICRAUUS cic %s-Gne os aie eeraioe eee 740, 898 
ANIL ETINGDUG seis a litte erstecis ake eck aay OL 850 ZEDETINUS sos 1c wick Giga e ee 740, 898 
CUBICIEUE ors 2 Foharu: aia -) anni 8 as atotaga ieee ere 850 Molasses grass. ¢ 374 fa hate hoes ee pee 569 
DOUPYG ors acelin west SE Sea A BSE 850 Molinia se. oo. aut oni oc Open nee 171, 898 
DUN ELOL UN ee ere ana Ee eee Adee teil GQUOEUCD ioc. scat eiete cain s See ee 844 
SOTICEORD nee hice LOA. oe ee eee 851 caeruleas: Chi os cl chee eee 171, 898 
SICAL ote ne ene ac tisk ee are REE Le 851 TOLUS o.oo ovorera@ravaisveterardionoie cI ee 890 
UIGRICL OBA GR RTA ae 5a thyl Monachne-punctatas accep eee cL eeeee 872 
DUN CLONULM ere Benes ani eRe re tee 851 MUP oa ln a Gib ie wig ictin eos aA Te Oe 818 
UNUSPICOLA ee ays ne on ae oO Ee 851 Monanthochloee s)he ee.Leeeeeeee 175, 898 
Merisachne drummondti......0..-20ce00e05--e 974 littoralistee ace tec eee eee 175, 898 
Mesa idropseedt.. 3 stun te aoe eee ae ee 427 Mionermaigs <a cae oe eee 277, 898, 997 
Mth live epee a eer a Cee See 400 CHING CO eee eee 277, 898, 997 
Mesquitemcurlyce eee ta ee eee 485, 486 GONGUIS hen kotedintronsccs oe ee 848 
press sty ES a eR ne er ese 402 URE Mncanadobhacnneebooracsce 277, 898, 997 
i CS Ops CROTON CO IDE OMIA ES A 5.b5 0 704 Monocera aromatica..........:+:c+cveeecrcuee 848 
Mere onoliinn bent. ease aol eee 334, 339 Morphology of crassesio.....) .. eee eee 
Wexicanlovesrass ec Soe ee 158 Moulinsiailanosas).. 2 eee eee eee 821 
HO OSINGS Wicatee i oh gah ucheh oreuesisks tot Mak ee 794 Mountain: benty-5) ne ee eee eee ee 346 
Miborasminimaecn. series scien Tee eee 354, 897 buncherass 5st. - eee eee 57 
INT CrochlOave re erie ns eee eee 501, 897, 998 hairerass: 320.3 oe sce che oe en eee 294 
kum thilegenssra: Sia site sates eno ee 501, 897 mUlbly7. sec Sa otic ene eee ee ee 398 
MBSCLACES cece ce lcrsys occ take eae Te 501, 998 Muhlenbergia.s ac c- cee ee ee 369, ace 
Macrosteciumern nes. ace See 746, 897, 999 QDALG. Fao. oe eae ee OLE 
VITMITICUIN ee te, are cic savetaesee needa tei 746, 748, 897 ACUMINGIO| «cea Oe cee Ee 404, 300 
LIN DET DCM Mya aes hee ee 748, 897 QEUNIS ae ee OA ca toents 8 ie hel ee ee 5 
WilldenovianuUmM. ....o..02c ese ss 746, 897, 999 AMDIGUG's, «Sake ee Oe DEE 903 
WMVIGCQTORUTIUN GUN ACER ee fo Nad tne ee 824 SPULUfLON NAS. Pe Ae eR Ee Pe 903 
DIUM ALATA et a SOS ee ie 304 ANGINA. 22 cic he eget. Dee 391, 898 
TOL I OR or Oe 824 anémagrostozdéss-.sse ee eee 982 
MECTHOSDETING rian Sana ener Nene Re ee 824 ADPLESSH....5 5). shane eee. olelae omen Oe 379, 898 
DUTIUUL ON Res een opts oes See 824 Grachnoidea- tee. cee eee eee 900 
Malaniimie fuse 25. ee nee 897 ATENAECA ed tio oe ee ee 388, 898 
IOUT SSN alg Aree a RO Ra IE te DS 434, 897 ATENICOlA Lak Schd ee eek ee 403, 899 
QUDLICONDON AME. hi ce ne eee 735, 811 OPUSEGLG, yooh po pinche se. EE eee 831 
Canbinilvinatuimn. 2 sae eee eee 913 GTUSEULGLG hens ws ane en bee ee Eee 901 
CODLULLGT CHEER ecko An EA 913 aTIZONICA... oe oe ee eee 402, 899 
CULLEN ak ot Cte Unk! Lean pen oar 811 ATSENEL 5. ace eda ee 386, 899 
CUMUCIILUTI es erode ee nea EOE 847 OSDETUS ae eee oe ee OEE 962 
CLAN A ESHITUT ented ke iae. en Be a ee 914 aspericaulis.. 0.5 3 oe gee 905 
COLON UTE pes We, fe Ie eo ee 857 asperifolian, ts.7 Sacires 2.2 3 Oe eee 388, 899 
COMDTESSUM MEI. Hoke enone cee 825, 964 berlandtentic. soci eee Cee 407, 905 
CRUSO LLU a CEN oe ct ee 857 botterds rio. oF a Det aed chee Oe 905 
CUSDIBGLUM ete. AMS A ee ene 910 brachyelytrwmne. one ac eee One eee eee 831 
DACLYULOT NE ee oho nN at ee ea Oe 849 brachyphyllaw..cm. 3. 524s eee 394, 899 
CIQUOLUT ee aerate Shane 854 brasiliensis. = oh % es ae ee ee eee 897 
OUSULCHUIT Ree tee eteecin.< Oe Se 928 DrevisOlta. Won. ceicc cnc e ede Oe 900 
CMUSUINMEEY toe es eae eA 436, 897 TECRATASONUS. «sees eee COE 905 
ESCULETIEU TINE WM ao ete te ee et ey ee ae 920 DIeVISSet, oboe Cee eee 380, 899 
NELE DENSE eT NN aE Dee: 957 buckleyanas sos sans en CORO Lee 906 
EURSULUTIUR ere he SR ONS Gets eRe 970 COCSDULOSOs «oie 5 sez soos tees eg tore OE eee 901 
EMU CLUSOUUILITURME Rs oReen a cease seers TS cae eee 919 californica ses occas ae Oe 393, 899 
HOBO tO SME co aR RIO eek 919 COltfOTNICGs oo OE ee oa eee ee 899 
Lendigeniim wae tga. | Sage ee 368, 878 COVYCING se os ceo io 0 be we the oe Ee 902 
THOTALLINAULT ee Ree Oh eee nee er as ele ase aeicks 806 capillaris. 2203. canna noe eee 405, 899 
LCLUCON UN ee res cn see ERE NEL: 936 filipes'> 6 J e5 eos eters fee a oe 406, 899 
MUUNLENDERGLATIUT eee ie ieee 811 LT UCROPOGES) 3. ois sce ieee eh 901 
DAN UCUNUR WN ROIRAG ote te a EE eee 920 CURNG «5. oie cio bho oe Gee EEL 847 
PASPALOMES Hae eh s.. eiteheh PERE ois kee Soe ee 928 cClandestana:. . Joni. holds Ole se Eee 963 
UTUCLOLALTI ae pn ke a 9 Oe 872 COLOTGAENSIS.... wee cl Beos oes Heer ee 908 
PDUTUTCTUS Meth hte ic! ie eo AA Ee 910 COMAIG cao hee ee 392, 898 
RACCMOSUM se ehecenc ts Metals he Reha eee Teer 910 COMMU ALA Aas UOC 
EAMOSUNU A. stakes lieve. echefe tet eee 872 COMpOSILG 2 Oe cae ees foie SOO eee 962 
DULLOSUTIUSRY. Beep oat, Mee coe Ee 970 Contusais. . % ocee bilciesn teeter ee 904 
OURI[ELATH IOs Cie ROE EES IG PRPC ee oP BOG ic 925 curtifolia,. 207: ascent eee 383, 900 
CLONGOLUTIR Aaj sie Ronee te OLE 925 OTUPUNSU sae os oe cs oe Ee 900 
WWLLCOLLATUM tes. ae OO 926 CULtISEEOSS mint ese rug ere oer roe 397, 900 
TG GS oh er Gt Cc ce eR ee ERR Do? He 7 CUSDIda tas oh es. ran ee eee 386, 900 
IATrIiCa nei geet ahs Rae at. Se eer 501 debiltis’. 8 osu. ob oe Meee ee eee 903 
DTOOMCOLNS sas es ee ee ee 690 depauperata toe ie eee 380, 381, 900 
bro wntope te a. Sees oe ae ee re 682 QUFUSA) oo.5 2 ae ovo dios areeike NE ee 905, 906 
COLACANPE et tee ne ee Een 501 attentiata......05 sc ceysloacle sto ee eae 906 
PN GED anor teas oaks ae eee ore 501 Chol oO}: yap ee A NINO eG Bit“ \c as 404, 900 
LOXbALM weet Cee ee eee ee 718, 725 GUbDIOIGES ahr ee eee oe eee eee 404, 900 
Cala Seep ee ree iene Rie ft Seah oper ae ere 718 GUT OSE vince sc 37 suclsvens/eleretorrekeoee ae ea 390, 900 
JADANESS.Ac ies), Seen oe ieee ocak ue teee eee eee 714 LOL RE SE OO CT OREO ICO DOO Dx 900 
| =1 3 oa Re eae a en Pa eee AT PLR Se nc uch 8 (20 EUG ensive: Zhe sick isisvesos eit lereve oka Lele eae 378, 900 
PT OSO Seo ais ie ee See eae eee He GIMETSLOVA os ve nie eto cists acaetetebetete 369, 410, ont 
BR OXA Sor ect ancl dle eats neha s. dicta rte ett Rete aed 6 RIA AES ECOG Oe OOS COCO. 0 
IVa ee ee oh eee ete Pies UCT cob Soy iy WR ce ie 773 @XPaNSaicnys cee en ental ela ener ra 405, oa 
Maracleswheatearincis clos comers eta eI 245 PASCICULAID. 2... 6.22 eee wee eee = renee 903 
Miscanthus...... Oth Paige oan ah ete oh 739, 898 filiculmis sos) bie. acta cto aloe aimee 399, 901 
Horidulusse) Seem oL eee ee Eee 740 fuliculmiss. 2 > 7. eerie ee ae 907 
FADONUCUSH toleie ctistoete citesere Chane Ee 740 filiformis?<%. 2-201 0c clone <iq: = tae 381, 901 
MEPAlensis: sees ker nssepechesens tee eierrshs 740, 898 PSOE 6 oles oe eee te ele = oe ee 901 
Sacchariforus seek cies 740, 898 Sl DeS saris a ase Be ee 406, 900 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Mubhlenbergia—Con. Page 
OLUOS Ae Preach Poe rac onsen 39 

CLIN DUGU Ce eT De oI oo ota 903 
BCLUGULILMLS Hs. Gave oer aleToR ce Pea ele at 903 
ROULMICTIAN AMIE COI eer wchoietetoie A nice 902 
AA SU Siateey suttes yor scart eae eine eueree everate oaes 374, 901 
EROMCOSA HE ere Sani ae DO ee 394, 901 
Comimautbataiace saverusim etic cleveteheeate 395, 901 
Glaloritloray ess ena Ge ee emo 395, 902 
LDU CAMP Ryo) Uae ace Belekon ona eeee as 383, 902 
PLOIMET ALAM ast ieteyars ele a consrenh se a eremene ets 392, 902 
DICUDIOLL AR ere re areas 899 
CLIVIVOUA ESE OS stone SNE I See 902 
PONCOS OU EM eRe Ne oO Te ees 904 
GRUCLLUSE Re ce ease ncaa ethene 399, 904 
DREVIGTSLOLA nae ee 904 
CUE OR GS BES cols eo RL RO EER SR eee 904 
CRA CTULUITUGT rt one LT aaa aes 402, 907 
LODTREOMUGD Ss és: Soe Ae A OLS I ota MORE PLA Pee aeoee 893 
LTC R ALCO OO Mek eR IE ke ails 902 
RAUNOCTUSUS ee Soe EU or eh 901 
UTULE ILE DLL are Rte Oa eM Na weasel neve ole eas 818 
IN ONE 56 hbo c0 bc cop me Bemis aGmEapO - 408, 902 
TIOVEVSSIN Le Gale auateaiane ity ean ieee al ATE 397, 902 
OR GPOHNOR GE Seca Sas Gott OO eae 901 
VEMAICON EM See as ayo ne) ee 384, 902 
OG RU CHIER 8.6 5 BO PR ORO DEE EE Cae 408 
lnmclin'erini ec riveeyene gts ees ee 408, 902 
loses Gan 6 Aicines eta eee at 407, 902 
YD CDTS Wea eeee cee se ad See cios ck ot leds shies 413, 902 
INE CCAS ae Mattei Sreoc hoo Sas avalos > 404, 902 
TOTS OGRA NIN a Boe Sele aeeeesn Cie cap eae 395, 396, pe 903 
ATMO ICU Ae pee aes iis caneaee anes 7, 903 
(COMMON 5 Seo, Oe a Oe ee 901 
jUBVORMSS eae Coe oo Dae 903 

(DOE DOP OLE o's 6d epe ce Cia ED Sa 903 
SOLIS UIMISMA ERR ees tls ck oneal 397, 903 

TI CLOSPEEIM AEM ee oe Mae ees 378, 903 
VLAD 5 SS. oii Bee RO Oe 905 
IMMUTMMULL SSI Ae cde ees fs s Sisters) cise 374, 904 
TINO MUA ARP ne itioetes oerociols. aiscees cats 369, 398, 904 
TOYS MUBKOO) hain che Canta es Mee Ree EA ee 400, 904 
FMD U AG DUES ques cua SP SS at Rene RE ee 413, 904 
ROACH. oe eGo oS Cee Oa Ln ee 907 
MUCO=IILC LUCA CPM TET eco he eee nee 904 
(HOIST ISS 5. na 6 eee One EE ETS 905 
WUPVLOD 6 5 S5 SEo M  OReS Se ee 899 
ORI CALCUTINS. ', Gio’ d 6 Som 0 fe ee eae 400, 904 
DAUCIM OnAMEE Fara aay ies.) aes cic isc 369, 385, 904 
WECLINa Capea cee ce ee ee ics Rasen 379, 904 
DELO UL OER Rr ED cuter ie ee 847 
DOly.CaUMlismuaeyn, sock oie ae 384, 904 
DOUTTIOTOD os 0 a0 Co OR eS 899 
DOUSSLACH YC ee She, one bei ae 903 
DD ORLELItwarea tema pe ree Mootsies seal micuers, Maca 401, 904 
DUG CURT NET Ne ies te eS ees 904 
DULCHEERIMN ARES ey Ms faces ie eis 379, 904 
DUN LENS Mea a hcaare Nie ones 401, 904 
{VUNG go b3 a8 06.8 a Oo cna SI Ome 904 
THACEINOSE «6 o d's ci0.0 6-0 BIDE oR eas Re MEAR lac 392, 904 
ORG SG 5 OS 6 S5IeS LS ee 899 
FROMDDRI 50-6 6 cod ido OPE EC Ee a ieee 904 
DOQUCOT <5. 3 |b & dab, RO Oe a Otcac oe Eee Renee 902 

ROM ODSUSSEMOT 3's 6.0.0. 6.0! Spice SCR ORO TE I ee 904 
RANUULOSUSHT A Ne ae Ses eek lene Gwe 908 
TREVOEINS 5.0 15-0-0'6 bo cabs CO AEN RE oe ee 381, 904 
TRORUEIRGINOM, “5S o 6 chove o OFSEEEG Hoa He 405, 905 
TI CHALASOMISH IL. Mk ee ccc tee 382, 905 
IBIGZEMIS) 4. 6. 5 ble uu. do EOS OAS aero oe 410, 413, 905 
TAVENC KE 5. bo 0'n\o saxptolols CUS, GA ONEPAN CR nee 406, 905 
SOTO: \, 6 80-6. 0-6 pleted Ce ee ae 823 
SCHULTE I EPrints 900 
SCHTeDeTICe Tare Week eee 369, 397, 905 
CUTLUSCLOS OR ee ey eae ete ota the eae eels 900 
DALUSTRISH eee ede eee ae Sos 397, 308 
SOLON, s'5.5 6:8: 6 6 bin 0 GRATE EC ETE eee 403, 905 
SCUUGUILTIOUS men Pe ete ray es sears ots os oe 903 
SCLOS Cte EN hee cn nin Me ialoae 902, 903 
CURL ROULCS EI A ek ee 902 

GU GHGBS 0 oo Fo. OB Oo Aton ee ee 901 
HMO o:5'9.6 Sob oS cle ace ESSE 374, 906 
SObDOliferacae eee eae ee. cages oh eae 393, 906 
SOUP ERA Me Ewen ee MT mie lie tanning late 394, 906 
FGI Bg os 0's Bed o ROTO ee 819 
SO VGPTONIS 2 Botio Ho oO ak aCe 382, 905 
SUL ILUIUCO Re tn ee ra i eae h ts 907 
SOMDAYDR OG 9 of ihn eho Lk 5 Coe RA ee tee 904 
SUOMIS Es 65 SS 6 NS SO eS SAE Gis inca eeetS 905 


CWANDIIKOD) «6 oS) cn 0 Ot o.B PCLULEGS See re eee 396, 906 


1029 


Muhlenbergia sylvatica—Con. Page 
AbCOMUMA Gare tats maceniaespaceas esters 396, 906 
CALULOGNICUW ac ako eee one nie eee 899 
LCT ULOS Oe or he Co sizer RE a ia 904 
GRACULUS SA Iee aloraien kee ne 906 
AVE UTUG UCU rato ric Melaracsnc cate ole eae enter 904 
NODUSEA sees isle aa ee ieee kiana ae 396, 906 
SELIG LUMUSe rte es crioiehe ec cueeoa Te 
ULL DULG amines < sani este noms ienciere enorme oe 982 

tenuiflorave ers rid be oie pene 394, 906 
DOUUCTLOT Oe en oer eee a 
DONRULOULTS Aiea on Aone eae eR 

GOK ees east atch on asthe: YA Gia reat 374, 378, 308 
COL OTOP rT esa ea nee eee 904 
HUT ber pean eoee vase he eet 383, 906 
COLLCV ATLAS eye scene ea Re eo ee 388, 907 
COLTEVAeE eo Croan oe ee Ee 402, 907 
tRUCHO DOD ESM ty eee ee 405, 901 
CRUD A HIE ey pe ribre Daal he RT a 399, 904 
ALTROTOSG eet eee eee Deep nL age 396, 906 
QELET ALEC AS eau skoval oni Sie B roenar eet 906 
NT OTA eee eis petro cae eee ek ate 390, 907 
LONTOE=TLOV LE ai eee ee 907 
CBU GN DSR eask te ayia ray chee Pe GM Mn mca tea 381, 907 
ERS AI (CHO hoc entre ncet te nice area BREE ORAL RE EAT OL Oe 900 
Vill GSA Mireur icra Ron ea Se 382, 907 
VITESCCNSH sek arse ee eee 400, 907 
ADULEDEN OAD LGR Ein issn rer Ras Eoin ee 906 
WO li SMG ene Sou .rcee okie Se cr © Reales 374, 907 
WETS HiGHER ee sae ak nee ieee ae 369, 387, 908 
ON NUN GLCR xii  OEe 908 
KOR Op hilar erat eee cys otters wih eae 403, 908 
Vera yA ia enon ecrcepes ayes sete cee Nie oe aan) Su Nhs 369 
DUIS epee ei eos omen eer nue DE UL nes 401 
CTECDIN GR Nee ec ee eee 381 
fOxbailee rice elaine oo Ree ee 391 
Lit tlescedieetaracctcen. cite h cotioche «ccc teioec Stor Se Re 378 
10 aE eae ei sak a eee Abr oy. .! c UN I MRE a cms i 382 
TICS Ae een Mebane ese ACU W eo kscst Canaan Conn 400 
THOU A II Ae ees ee eee units «esis 398 
News Mexicana mrtire ri cee cic sacs Seanioe 385 
| OLUOY saat pee alte ait arc oP thccher A RR pete 404 
DIAS Rae cp lende Meee ree lees ac at a eae 386 
fe LOU UEADY ope tes Sine ect oa Racin GMMR SS ea 381 
Durnpler sean e We pend sees rie eens ne 406 
SCre wl ea fea ycr eee as oe oho nc 400 
SHINS GET eect eee ea aon anaes 399 
fo] OF eh acne Ee ROTOR Aina ORR PRCA RAN ES ch cia ih 387 
WITESUCIII, Aina ce besa eee emotes 394 
Miimimiyaiwihea tie. i iomicitao area abe oie cao 245 
IV raiy Pe ekcaep och ote oiiy eee eee Sans oa ae 743 
IVER OBAY soenee ree teh Sota CRN aude U2 UI) eS 544, 908 
SCUIATEOSA Me ch olan re cake oe 545, 908 
HOCCUOSAi Aine a Rae 545, 908 
INITeETONTeTASSH nye. Cnn ae ee oreo Ovatane 100, 126 

MOMS TOM MUSK iors isk teeta ee a ee 127 

IN ake bo cit acces atic atins cer eoeteeye sa lone dere scloit coke PME 300 

INA DIETS OT ASS heii oui oe deaar ns ao te eae 727 

ING TORE TASS eee: frics Wea. o cha cuonavele leew 772 

IN ard sheelsarus seo a eae ke se ones ne ee 870 

GGTLOULUS Ee ee ae OE Reo sean ieheaae es 848 

SCODUTUOULES ENO Ce tae ee niclatlo ecient ee 848 

StriGt amare eine eins cele eae 277, 908 

Narr OWA UIMeSraSsictsncacieyial-otsciceels ele eteemerorene 743 

INassellavchuilensiss sins ere cel. ie helenae eine 443, 908 

ANG] OT SORES GR Se ne 443, 908 

INGSCUSICOTONINIATUS ice le oie sees ernie orien 844 

AGA CROSDERINUSH IR Aoi ane enn: 824 

Natalvorass)s:. 25. +). Bi Ae rte hind SRI EE Sa oe ih oh 716 

NLS UR Woh ared one e lke, Cle teas oon eS EEO Re 482 

GTI O DONS Rea ae ida etal Raa ol 483, 969 

OCCULETUGALIS ieee a eee 969 

PUCETILOS yar a os ois) Acie can geen Ts thr le Ree 484, 969 
QGON ANA FL ich eee Re 

iINealleyadropseediniias... + eke esis eerie 427 

INeedle=anc=threa dijerisc. isis cients chesieteerns eines tens 452 

ING CIS GASH to cos ease aia ovarecetcusdeyc she Les Rone 445 

DL ACIKSE SA ee Aya ete ep cdots cs aes RU Te 450 
Colima ees neers ois. oiiees cokes leds acres 458 
GESCT Ge ich ee eharene odin Sot ale tate Si Ae te eER . 448 

foo thulleye ce. cine hele soil cace wei ra 453 

COC TEM a aia oe elices, cic hane Seite eich RECS 457 

Wem Ones selie eee Gl Sloss ec oe ee 457 

WSetLERIMAN Eire serio Cob ole ase aes 458 

Prine Leese ke ee Oe he Ue ee 453 

| OLUUE] 0) (ates ae tater en ene hn ea Mi TRE RAC Pier kn 452 

FVIGHATASOMGE tors aiekcs'— ae re ean no eee 449 

Scrilbbmerae pear oster oetan PAC ee ee 457 


1030 INDEX 


Needlegrass—Con. Page Oplismenus—Con. Page 
BLEED iid cic wo wo cd cit aidinie ecmolale a cmmecieieveere 458 MPMan nl .12 cae eciee cee eee ee eee 710 
TR OXAS isigies Ghed o “selscaiaitvane s/s when shen elererecstecerate 448 COLOTUTNIE SS 2 Bate a ean one Ee eee 857 
(Phurbereris a eccoteeis icles nue ek DOE 454 IDOLECTE hod ohn ahetoe Pn. Ree OEE EEE 918 
WEStOrT ite) et bee hn en ee aren tao 455 ZONQIBY oi. nist abate site a Oe 857 
Walliams? ry. eee tria eee 458 compositus var. setarius .........-2<sccees 909 
Neergrostis hypnoides. ..... 6.2... 5c cect ews en. 867 chondrostoides) Sh... Second Lee 908 
ADLCGCLLLA TUG, orc uacrietene few ciate costa Gihon enrotherate 869 CTUSGQUE oars a 5 5) iin cian ne ee ee 858 
IN(CMUASIACHY Ss tote Rise ator eee 999 COLOTUUTI son, 0kc Si, « cevhore eee Oe 857 
tailen'stsraa oc ne RO Oe 999 RASDIGUBL, 1. Sc cee ee 860 
Neobromus, section of Bromus................ 56 MULE CUB! see wie crn) tale ee ee eee 858 
INcostaphaea ii toc is ae ccietnine 218, 908, 997 CHUS*DAVONIS T soc4 oko tome hee Ee 859 
COMISAM Ate secu sue cious escletrvejeperenneee 218, 908 CUDETISISEL ASG eee OO Eee 908 
WNiestlen@yestucaesjonmise ain sie te ele ecie oer 829 CChINatusanc cock. beeen Oe Eee 858 
INevadarblueerassic oc ciskeicc asldeken oer eer 136 CTVANUR OSS wiz cn occcucse as se Oe 818 
INevadenses: erouplof- Loaesss ence ceieeioct 136 SL PUMENLA CONUS Foro 55:6) sordid cis oe Oe 858 
NevnOctlogd Manwemanenac« Pine tein onto ecrteeke 979 hintell user. carat tors cnet hie cee ee 710, 908 
PUNUCULOLON eerie cols ies ch apstec ete oes Oe 979 BCLOTUUS 6. ova cep cuore are shes nic ee oe EOE 909 
WNiCUnOLOMONCONAGENSISIA. iss « «0s «2she ele chao oie ction 879 Rispidus cee) ee see 859 
New Mexican bluegrass’... 0 +))s:-1)-7ue ote ence 118 J OMOALCENSISs chee cs nee ein ee Oe 859 
HEAL NErOTASS ait av hoe worked te ladereusl oie ener eee 447 LONGISELUSIE Sic ate eee 860 
IMUM yee eee Cees, Skate tsbolstece nelson ee 385 MUWF LC OLUS isnot Hee a Oe Re EO 858 
INewaZeslandtbenten =r... oe 341 DAVOS OLVUS snc) le ee Oe 908 
ING YTAUGi ae ne ier) crete nreuirerer eee 190, 908 POLY SLACHIUULS eras ee eee 859 
ATUNGINACEA See ee cee cictnac ed ON roots 190 TEDONE So. i Heritske oon bee eo Lee 857 
TIAAAGUSCOTECTISUS 9 sia 5. aeae ake ort nee 190 sabulicolas 2%. ok ee hee eee. 859 
TEV MAUCIANA a. ..cs clone ad cae ie cechin OREN 190, 908 Seta;rlus sven aes OO ee ee 710, 908 
INira bl ewail sere 4S yee oc ee caste tee ee ee ee 397 MDOUET Sieve ais ols she en Ee Oe 917 
INTC ST ASS spstay Clerics ote tc ore ee eee ae 368 ELGYECNSUSIt A. Becta croc eae ee 859 
INobleicaneste it rec chico eee 743 Orchard¥erass...: oe ee eee 182 
INoddinesbluegrasss eric eee 120 Orcuttiaty oo ish cs rectesyae tn ee 220, 909 
TRONS Ey on AM Meteors Ponca Hess 46 californicas. eeica. hee 220, 909 
FESCUE Pe eine ys, See ee eee eS 69 INACQUALIS. ...ps. jee ee 220, 909 
ETISE LUMI eh werk. cee rash in ae cr ele eee 288 VAISCIG A. ais ctso ate eee 220, 909 
INomen Cla tune eras. «cist tene) cac Mie eke eee noe 11 Breenelas sis Be ee 220, 909 
INorbhern’mannarnass. sca. tc eie ole rereieene 83 UNGLQUALIS. a Seuss 3 Ce Ee 909 
POCO OTASS stp ek Citas hee, Sakae oe CLE ces 326 DIlOSa Sie nach ee ee 221, 909 
INotatascroupiot caspalumbes sence. cee eer 605 TENUIS |). eos oc cere. t tee ee 220, 909 
Nothoholcus lanatus......... OO ROR est eee 885) || Oreconiredtopsen- este ee eee Cee 351 
INOENOLCUS IAT WA eRe ss fect ee Oe CE IE 305 Ornamental grasses...... 29) 47, 50; @o.sGloss 
LONGEUS OTe te okra ee ee 885 179, 182, 184, 186, 187, igo, 190, 204, 262, 265, 369, 
TNLOULES Mates oe Bac aves «Roney skecan re nesee Fores Ce OP 885 460, 569, 586, 710, 718, 726, 727, 728, 729, 740, 743, 
INOLOTLEMMONGOUROSLOLUES ie Tee er i ee ne 804 746, 790. 
ORECRNOLLCS Hn LE cra Taine ee 804 Oriachne flonidana. wae eee 820 
Nowodworskya semiverticillata..........0.0004- 808 SCODIG SS - Oacdison aston de a ee 823 
DOTELCULLOLO ee tle eae eae nn ee Ee 808 LENMUSE ics eo eee oR eee 823 
Nudicaulia, group of Panicum................ 649 Orthopogonicrusgallis. eee 858 
INuttalltalkalizorass en sk. saan ees scr eres 80 CUDETUSIS coe aia Ace Sree we 908 
CCRANOLUS ola er slelgece ee ee 858 
Oats reer arene eae aes Gi Nis: ci oraro oto ee oeeens eee 299 Trtellas ion. uc Sie he oe 908 
AV eran gyne. ch. tree eet es ree ee Re ee 300 hispidus. Se ok fers ceccks io co ee 859 
BD TVe Serta eer hs Ie create ee teenies 302 DOTVUS OVVUTI chavs acehs.ea-3 He ieck Ce ee 908 
ANIMAL cycess entire kote: oe OS ee Lene 300 SELOTIUS is oo Gn re Hine ee CELE 908 
Cultivatedee, re ra pie eee enter 300 Oryza sed at. on eee 556, 909 
MAVKOM ERG easter Nenn See Oe 2 oiticis EPS 300 clandestina’ cic caoke sie ee Oe 889 
110 (eae 4 A nie Mee te RRR Re EEC te oS cs 300 ENCIUSG Ss os ee eee 889 
FACING (5 ia eas Geet a iced ain ios Aiea tos ore ae 300 ReTandra:. shines Hecke oe eee 889 
SPIKE ye ices creueat a Wea ae esncte Siete 302 METUCONG 2 fs dc sus 8 nS 2 Le 889 
We uttstenes ee ou tee skeet ee a 300 NUONATIATG. 6.55 cto oe eseye weber Ee 889 
OAtLerassue seen: Acie cee ae inn eit 307 OTUZOLLES Pe Nec as ee Oe 889 
Cahforniayss ef a Veo ee Oe 312 TUOTUDATOIS Aas. bec en eee 909 
GOW Year ene ri hare er eee 310 SatlVal. Aka te oe eee 556, 909 
ONE=SPIKeG eee ioe an sheers aon eee 312 TUDTLOGTOUS a. eae OCs . 909 
Parry eee ceecac ol Bea ats is eer na 311 SQVENNEE. SOG ee ee 909 
DOVELtY Stein sree on See eee Oey: 307 OFYVZER.0 fo. oss Bole ns ee Oe 23, 556 
CAPO Laces ig hens Rear ee SA Hiei OP Ia ao 305 Ory ZOpsiSHS. eek tian ocekeo eee 437, 909 
LIN DEL Saree eects Een an ee ee ee 310 aAsperiiolay co eel eee Oe 437, 440, 909 
CUD ORS eke re reo eee a Oeste 305 GSDETG nocciske 5 oa one sl oevcksrexe Meee Ce 909 
QOatstSean Rota nch ces wala alo vaive Moa Ree eee 179 bloomeritisk. cistso oe Ge Oe 437, 442, 909 
Obtusa, croupof canicum. ... 24... see 704 COMUC Geis cornse SR ORCL 437, 909 
Ocdipachne DUN CLALIT Oe 872 canadensis... 32... 3.2. la eee 439, 909 
Oilerass ae Wises ee ete ea ton See 771 CUSDIGGIG soos o's 0 bas oes a Se 910 
Oligosanthia, group of Panicum............... 670 CNOCEE 26, & sajn''sersiorsin 8 one he ae oe 968 
0) Rt es eee cher ae ine RON ee Ronee IG oka oid 735, 908 C@XIPUBs cil ees Se ree ee 438, 909 
ALUN OUT OCOD aa ee ee 908 i Réndersont <:. co eos so) Ee 910 
WatifOliascict ee Sees Mee re eee 737, 908 AMOI. oo esate de ae 445, 937 
GTO ACEOe ee eee 908 NENndersoni.. -.ccic5 Mere nee ee Oe 438, 910 
DONUCULALG See ns cots Nes OEE 908 hymenocidess-e coe eer eee 437, 443, 910 
One-spikefoatgrasssrecheeis ceeee cee 312 contracta.... ¢ Tasks ch Oe 443, 910 
ONION ETASS ise scccevesas En Ee LA a eke 196 FUN COWS oto: nie, ele PET Ow Ces Be 909 
aS Kae eee eae er tartan nee 195 KIN BIA a nets ade e ere ee ne 437, 440, ore 
Geyer ey pies re ae oe race 196 Leucosperma.... 2.6.2 02 ees eevee vaio mines 909 
Little sects obavst sass Me ova ota aerate 197 NUACOUNTG sere Wis ea Oa va OEE 909 
DUTPlO Svayteecs ee cs inte. cave bicte SeeaaNelals Gale eeeete 196 MELA NVOCOT PAs a uo ae ee Eien 910 
Ophiuuusicylindricuse. ee ee eee eee oe 898 MEMDTGNGACED 2 ooo sg FeRise ch  e 910 
ZTUCUTDALUS) ney ot Rit le ne ee 926 micrantha: eee oer eee 437, 438, O10 
Oplismenush >. cocchin sec ae ockere enone 710, 908 MUlACEA ois noe See eee 437, 910 
BATICANUS a Societe tias el ecn GForce neiene Limes 710 MODLONICA si. os Se ee eee ee 968 


QNGUSLULOLUUS er eletere lees ioe rele ede toteks 859 MULLCD, Kay oa oc sie ah DaPalann SHORES 909 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1031 


Oryzopsis—Con. Page | Panicum—Con. Page 
DOTUEILON Ge ere sisn oy RO GRAN SSO eT 910 ACICUIATE Lease alates Ole ellen 645, 911 
TORO ICO OOOO AOR TOO oe tye 968 aculeatumbrs iy saison neta aoe 674, 911 
PUN BENS ioterenercveie ceaoen wore avout eis 439, 910 ACUMINATUME weer ale Oe ee 926 
PACCIMOSA eleven aie hehe he ovsliauertin ache Oe 442, 910 PAGISONIM Soo ace ce ie ee 663, 911 
SOUCY Set eNe ey cins os 6S eaare Vo rote. tain! 6) <a ETERS 937 CASCONGCN Sir. te ire as sic eee on ee 855 
SUD ULC Muara te yeiet « zatoneva tah oienend: a nae tale siete a eeLene 909 PDASPELSUMY yp eer eeedio ee eee 682, 911 
ely le Tevratarats s aie aisvave Geers ava eee arauiaLe 442, 910 SITOSLOLMES hala ais. sera a 701, 911 

(DSYRETHTOOE 5 Ck OOO OL OICAFIG HORT OL CLC  Ora a ee 484 PAMOSIUBS «heres oo SFA 701, 911 
HOW NOT COG Gi Sohn GisO SO AID NO OO Cran aoS 980 CONAEN SUM ate i ee 915 
ard Wiss anoodec Fins i cies Shh OMAN A GIN eo ae 980 CLONGOEUTN sh eee ee eee 923 
LEN ALU OLUOPEN Pa ee no eG 980 Qlabamensernce cen ie eee 926, 927 
ZOUSU CER LM roe Se ee eek Lav eiaes 980 albermarlenseperaua acne oo eee 656, 911 

LETEUUY OLLG an stn i ec sore ace sa. eT 980 albomarginatuml: s)ce 6s. 40 eee. 666, 911 
Oxyanthevphragmitese ny dacs See ee lee 936 alonecunoidesn ee eee eee 933 
Onydenianattenuatarcay See ee eee ee 891 DMUATOUCS re seivae cc Wne oe eRe 911 

LU ORNUUSHE ee oe ol: Lae eee 891 amarulum=ca. sete ome eee 699, 911 

URE OR ATAG ois B Gp rr OM OIGROISLS holo So ONES 892 AMALUM Gs oy cosy rence an cae ek mae 699, 911 
Oxytenantheraes ase eee he etn sr bato saucers ess 29 MANUS ES re etka, RC TNR 911 

QING UAT eee he nn COE e 954 

x CinC HO MeO TASS Ie wceemiesatie soo oieie slate crekeranieianie 134 QINCTUCANU TU er ee 934, 982 
DCCUOTASS HEM cheer lra ehencdatel cates) caasanne esis 322 AMPLECLATUS ee 915 

a eae ees eres eo tern ge irs s Dy sire c's Gionone a's) oaibi'el daae 8 AW COEDS ire aevero os koe ensteee eee ae 702, 911 

RAIN GLASS eee eat eR eras Sine eve wae Sila alee 726 AN GUSLUIN eee oe Ee: 911 

Balustres; eTOUplOl bOA ss... sss so olen ce oe 116 densiflora ee 911 

RAT AS LT ASCE ete etn aee eo hey Resi. Sia chon ea e.sie 189 DUVESCETUS ED wenn He One a: 919 

ECE RCUCTB. CHOC ORCA 6 ooo EE BOE DEO GOD e 938 TRUZONUAEALTU eee ee nee Ie eee 922 
BOY AKU OOVI OS 6 Ae Oils Sat PR oO ee 982 SUELUCUILIN Rene a cas isl SA een ees 924 

GODIUS SR SAS oh IC eI 982 angcustiioliumese eae eee 647, 911 
DUlbOSUm VATS ULVUDATUM. ss 6 i njese de ev ope es 938 ANGUS OLUUT ry Pele pel reece 913, 915 
COMUDEESSULNU A fg Neo Se Soe aea ole 939 annulus A ied weal eee 651, 912 
QU C UT Ta ties oe ei iciica Stasaloigniee are 940 GROMOUUM UE cee SA rs See ey eee 982 
ODUGRILR So EISS SBS Si ee ROE A EEE oat eae 941 QNiNGeNanviare ee CEE 818 
LOTUS TATION 6 a St Ten eC Ee ee 942 Anti Ot alec pas Oe eee 706, 912 
DART HIOS. 6 big OS ie Ee eR 942 AD DNESSUM Ee ae CCL One acest Sn penne 917 
(UR CHEOSGs 66 6.5 616.058 GE ee aD ee a eee 943 AQUALULCU TUS Oe eee oon ne ee 947 
CD TRIOS Sickiy 6 OE Se eee 944 AT-ENUCOLOE psn case cc ee 911 
COUT B60. 080 & cro bit RIO Dn eae 943 Arenicololdestease ae eee 648, 912 

JEN TOBE SS GSS SS ot ee ne nee 24, 569 ATUSLAEM TS Es Nat ees hen Ce 859 

1PEVTTOO GAS oth Fok De eee Ee eee 15 ALIZONICUM Soc eee Oe 682, 912 

RON UCULATUG MPO ON ier Hones) «ke as 81 Laevighivmenrnrt va oes oes OL 912 
GUTOR 315.5 bo colo Oo OO Soe I ECT 879 MOTUS Pa eng Toles ee oa 912 
QINCTUCON CERAM IEE isle) ones oe wees 86, 880 HOO GS RHR SG ko ea EE Re Oo One 912 
DORGBIO 5.38 o ES io. Oe ONS Eo eee ee oa 879 ashertivers choy secrete abt nc). 3 apa 677, 912 
(ROA OPN ON. ¢ bub 4b SOON GOR Oo eo ie 85, 880 QUAN CUTT Re eke ante A Ee 925 
ORANTDNG 03 6: Oo ko OA SEH Oh CEO eet ae 974 BU bUnN ea eet rcs Soke iar coe Comite 658, 912 
CON GACIUSUS He A is oe sroe osteo eee 879 aulaxanthiusn en nee eee 818 
CUGIBE So SOC S 6 BS SOS Se ee ree 84, 880 QUTELLATUTUR AE eae eee ae 922 
QUSEQTUS MR oO ioe A OS 945 (HOR CO on eee COI ARTE ERO eg OTE 919 

QUROULE Sm Coe ets reas he eet 945 QUSUO=MOTLAN UM ae ee eee eee 915 
Ass Soro 6 SoBe bid ous nS GE ne 879 (OVTONOGHIG, Reecnis to cD OOD OO Oo bod oa:0 b 585, 892 
GOTTA 5 S65 6 10D, Ob:5 86 Oe 880 DUDUNOTU MEARE CEO ae 892 
GRAB o 8 ath.ote b 6 BS Ao Se SD Soe Cee 879 QVENG COUT SEN Te eee So ae 913 
HORN OO G 66 3 6 ce Ol OA CE ORR 940 DOLGWIN Te Oo eee 913 
TOPLOIGIO® 6 6 OS Ube OOo OCC aN ee 879 bambusoidess ee eee eS ene: 
SDRC S 6S SRD So Len Oo ne OOO 881 Danbatumen eres ees cee 919, 949, 982 
[TOS «0b Sbb.08.6 OBS COR re ae 880 ROR DOGS, MER AGED oe Meier ein S60 co 681, 922 

SCDLENUUONALUS Rainier aioe ei clsece cis ue eee 881 barbipuloinatum scene eee 689, 913 
URGES 6 0 6. 6.0'0,0 6. 00 BIRR On OO Cee ee 880 RUTSULE DES fava aoe acco a aeons PY eee 913 
LOWE oo 6 850 SD OOOO OE eee 881 barbulatuinuesmen renee 653, 912 
RED 003 6 00 66 OOO Bio SHEDS OE ee 88, 879 DAartOwense sce oe nad ae Tere 685, 912 
LEDLOSLACH CMR ioe en 880 beckmanniaclorme aan seen ee 917 
TOOT UTIL Be 6, 0°. 6.0'4 te cea DIC ican aera Oe Bieae 946 DENNER eres cat gis eran oa anaes 660, 912 
ITLCLUCO OPP Oe Ns es oil alee noses 880 ennettense scsi rotenone 646, 912 
TOMO. 66.6 68860 oS BE Baer Onee 881 | oye) ena 0 UP etaeat gin War te aren RO ates io 691, 912 
OGD. 35 65.06 0 0 HB Bi5 Oro OO Eee 881 berteronianum eee eee 950 

CLOLC Re nats e Le ee ee 89, 879 Ibickmnelhitns ee saris tsi Oe ae ere 649, 912 

UO COTOD 30.55 Aaa SBOE Cee 881 DUST oe ee SRE iS 912 

UOMEP 0 8a 6 SN CSO eee 881 LY IAL ee en eo Aa OE Rie Ain itty Goi 927 

WOOT OOS S 08'S 6 os. do COE a Oe 881 DODGTEUR are eee eas Da eC RR 913 

DD UTOUTOSCETUS dui Manets cateuieeais «cise oheliakete 881 DOGUCATUTIEN staretcine ect ene eae esther AeeTaeeaees 912 

PODOE Do tila th A SNOB CHRIS BaD SERRE eo 881 DOrea ey eiiec cies cine ssa Sistepcaicas cameo OT Ree 651, 912 

SURGIDs 00 SiG. c SS Ae OS SOE MORO 881 MUCKIGANENSE see ere 912 

OURS EY OE ae oS eels 881 DOSCIIGe coon chino a oo eee 679, 912 
RUD MODDS 5 0-0 0d JOSS EEE OOM ae BOee 944 MOMS eo sro is Da teers eee 680, 912 
DUD 5°5-6-0'016.o OOo OO OE eA 880 Di ACRIGlWINt care alo Oe Oe 915 
OGNTEOLS ooo Ca BOR GAAS Le 880 brachyanthumire secre aoe eect 703, 913 
DOU CN ee oie ae klk ee uw nas 880 LEV Be creek rete ee Teie ces ecay os ceo ay Sure: 668, 913 

TETIDedé 65 oid Oreos SEO ee 880 Britto y voi eco rake whan ac oran ST ee 916 
DOLUCULONG mp Rete tenes: Gay ste oie aie Sacer iowliens 881 Drizaefornme rs chee ata huis Ae repaneare emcees 917 
(ORM ONTIGS 0 0b § db Pe oBic ds HOO SD eA Ooo 946 ROE cco ceoces ous SPEC edt. ERR GE 920 
CRAWLING <0 ‘os oto 010. 0 OCD OTERO EE Ie TC 881 bul bosuntitycsoeot ee eee 627, 695, 913 
SCUDPAUDS 5 BS0'00 36 SOOO AOL Oo eee 944 AVENACEUT etre 913 
SEDLETULGUOTULLUS a Ie caceniele ahelekn ai aheiein oars os 6, oe 881 ITULTAUSHccse rey a siec sees site areas are eueitene eneeters 697, 913 
SUD 6.5.80 8 OSS CO OO ee 881 SCLO DRILL RR eae 697, 913 
ADFT, Bia Os OOS IE EE OE ee 942 DUOLLCEUME ee scr aicrener a ere CN CTy stan ore 913 
UOMGYERE bo Some COC EM ODO BOON CaCO ee 88, 880 MA MDod b00baoboo M boo ON ReOHEOOOaN CHECKS eS 912 

ENN oun oto Oe Cee ee 626, 910 Cserulescens:: ssi cos agin ns ccecuhele sete 653, 913 


1032 INDEX 


Panicum—Con. Page Panicum—Con. iP 


age 

COLT OVILND 2 wixccata nA He a LR 957 cryptanthum: ..< 25002... eee 676, 915 
COROONIANUM dicate hers SS eee 915 CUDEN SO eee asa he Aa ai as Oe ee 908 
COMUOTVACUIN. sce cisco ciaisisins Se ee ee 969 CUTTON . Sec ke. os asa ale, winter heats. ea one AE ee 914 
calliphyllumeyee eee eee eee 649, 913 curtifoltums3.csrema case eee 668, 915 
CaDPUlare sie. ovaries. careers as ise bare 689, 913 CUTLLSTIRS: eee Se de a eee 911, 918 
COT CSLO Me iaxs felor ola ack orsteie ee A ee 913 CUTIAVAQINUNT: 6 ond ose tes 7 eee 922 
brevfoliwner angio cistiec es Oe 913 Cuthbertitscc< anette ee eee 916 
COMPECSUT.C Sane Ee Eee 917 actors Miseicia 6s sda ke Ae 849 

PLO CULE Me a has nr 916 AQSYUT UM a. 3 Siciere Ss no A Oe 950 
Gallingernt crete cicree ee eee 917 GeaMli gains wo ee oe Oe eee 663, 915 
Geniculatumne: sac a ae 917 CeDules Pee Sica who te See et ee 875, 925, 982 
OGLAOTUN a a ere er eee 918 Gecolor atu: «oo ses ant ee ee 914 
RATtUCOULE. es Sek oc ee ae 918 CelaWATeNSE: Piccinos de oe eee 925 
MUIACEUNU as ct Ee 923 GeMinulwumnc > cas sca ee ee eee 926 
MANLEMUNG Heveler ciheion co OFe 2 ee Oe 921 AENSUIMN A Aotesiles ascs es outta Oe eee 982 
MANUS Hit aor cdoir hs arene atc Po ene 921 depauperatumins..o.6 ca. Sete 643, 915 
occidentaleve.... =: eee Aas 6 689, 913 UNVOVUUNU Ess bic Hoe Jae. Ee 915 

DAM DUNOSUNUN aera ence: ete a Oe 921 baxum:. 375s 55s eee ae ee eee 915 

SET AMUN CUM oes eee he AE 924 psrilophyllUum paces ee eee 915 
SULVALUCUMUa tome ee oiec Oe ee 921 GeOUstUMS 18 55 ie Ee Oe ee Oe 924 
DULGOTC? red Tene ci re 913 dichotomifiorums so 4. eee ee 685, 915 
capillarioidestiy.ne Coe GEL eee 691, 913 DATLOWENSE ij cache a ake es Eee 912 
COTICULOLUWIMies tothe Ore oh ae ene 926 geniculatim:.5. isch be eee 915 
COREUALUIM, Wonca ue es hte ee 917 EMPCTLOTUN «5.05 2 ac chen ore ee 915 
COLOUNIAIVILM Uns ts ois ere 917 puritanorums’ + dose epee eee 685 
CORLLAGINE UTE tee ene i a een 982 dichotomum=: 005450) Gee eee 652, 915 
COUGALUIMN AUN Laren SOC RE One 953 barbulatuwm:. os3: 20 scies Oe eee 912 
CONCRTOLOCS Pane ehtaieh, ae ee 844, 934 COMMUNE ixsci ors is stole c now Le 916 
chamaclonchesn sia e eee 668, 913 CUTVALUM-..:2eu.0s 8 SC: Ee One 982 
Chapmaninereis cence rere cee 636, 914 QwWATiCatum. 62 0622 see eee 916 
CRAGLOGUNCUSE eae hed ae Oe 916 CLT OE ER PRUE DAPI AR AS CUE oy rbcc 923 
CROUVUN AT ae re eho Eee ee 888 JASCUCULGLUTIU A 15). oe ee ee eee 918 
CUEYSOPSIGILOMUM se eee oils ete 646, 914 glabréescens: = 2. ies cans sata oe 921 
CULO CLE 4: OR eee Ae ae 855 OT OCULEs ieee cigs to ee eee 982 
CULTOLULOT UN as 2 oe ee ee eee 818 lanuginosum....cks ole eee 919 
TUL TUM PEA «sete fe Riess ernie RO Ee 818 laxiflorum: 05 eee 919 
CULLALUT OLLI tne se ee 914 NULAUWIN 6.5 hod aarns, ne 913, 920 
CULLGEUSSTINAULI es Soo oe nee 831 MOGULOTUTN: soi soenn 0 Oe ee 920 
Cll atUIMe ye ake: oct hon eyes 645, 914 DUDESCENSE -) 05) moore ent Re 920, 982 
CUT ETRUNY oe ace Ee Oe Ce en 921 SPAENACOEUM ace, GA US ance Re 982 
CULLOSUTA Ea io 8 RE ae 919 Sphaenocarpoy.ass ae Ae ee eee 923 
CLINECUTNULT SAH RA 847 VILLOSUM ss ce ob oR ee 925 
clandestinumbren. 2. 22 ames are 638, 679, 914 VUTUAE Sisic oars honwche Ae oe 915 
DELUMCULALULT Uc bras os Oe Le oe 914 igutano1desis tees hee eee 917 
ClULE erie at Gir oahecm ae 651, 914 AUN ALUN: ce ac he ee oe eee 917 
COGTALUIN s Ht cie.o avaveislerete cial oiois ern eee 585, 892 GisSCifenuns ccs a tos a. ee oe eee 831 
COLONUM HORT ose ol oes Cee Re ee 857 GUSCOLOT on aia age ARTO 982 
ZOTLALE SR aot RNS. RE ECR een een 857 GiUssectum:cse oo aes oie See 928 
COLOTQULIN nese ROE ee 925 GtsstteflOTUumn. 22. dco. santos ee ee 912 
Columbianumer seein 664, 914 Qistansh. ike cas oS ee eee 831 
ONCOL ea es Aes ot ET eas ee 921 AWATTCATUMN saeco ae ee eee 875, 888 

Ud ehboayb rains ein Be Aedes A So tio a mote 664, 914 stenostachyum. cee eee eee eee 888 
COMPS ite case he re ee 702, 914 QWErGENnS Fawn. ns) ihe elo Oe 892 
COMMELLNACTOLUWT asin «curses sicleeaets a eine we ee 914 ALWMNIMNONIUY. o.5 oS csc oie a ae A Ee 917 
COMMONSIANUM\ cet is = Sar eieeete ete 663, 914 AUCNAISSINGU 4. ~ ane ho he ke ee ee 970 
CAGUSO M1, chert eter ot EE 911 QUIMNUS oo ric ohocacale ob i oo Lee 926 
COMMULALUMe ewer. cee eke Seer 677, 914 COLO is hee as forces a 6 eR Oe 915 
ASNRCUE ONS odds Ri RO, eee 912 COLON G 255.25 sinete » Dd bAIR A OAR Oe 923 
CONSANGULILCUNL DP vain: st ete ee) ete nett iea 915 CCRIN ALUM ., Khe eeiein bul ere OO ee 857 
FOOT LUE Bae as ae ocak ore ie 918 CLA UI oie eee i OE eee 918 
Latipoliunie eet ee eee 914 elegantulum:. oo. ula she PO; Oe ee 913 
NUTUUS Hehe ei shat tel heehee ree 914 CLULOLL ATU 5. 3.5. Povcre oe argo oes Se ee 947 
CONUDTESSUNY Tarneens Gah kOe ae ee 952 CONG) Sea eon AEN me NS yo thao oc 915, 982 
CONCINNIUSA oracare career ek eae ee ee 667, 914 CLONG AWM... oe tes) arco SR ee 923, 953 
CONGENSUIN s,s. tees oO ee 701, 914 TAMOSLON sie eo. ay 5 onee & oXe.0.6 Oo ee Oe 911 
CONSANZUINCUM) wee eect ee 647, 915 ensifolilMs...15.0 2 haven oak CRE eee 667, 916 
CONE OCEUNU ee rede Ne Aa ee 914 CRSLANA Bo seca Bios aise se 6 Oe ee ee 914 
COTRUG ALUM eget coches Chae Habel nex che neo 949 CDULTOLVWIN:. saci: c-cis os © snopes enele oucke Bee Cede ERE 916 
COSLALU INE rer see A Kn Ste Aten bm arama yete ett 949 equilaterale: 220 ..c:.escitece tc aie oleae Seino 678, 916 
CTALSU LLU tn Ngee tence he ene ee 857 CQUUTUUIM ie liaca 6b orc) troretere ns Se eee eee 922 
OATTStOLUM Ee aN aera eh eee 858 CUCHIAT/ACUTN . <.0.5 sos eas he 2 eee 922 
COLON UIE NS NALA SER EE oe 857 ELECEIEOLUM: consi. ois o eysnests 9 Oe 665, 916 
COULISS AP cei e r e OEe 858 CPUGNERUWA I y occcecuns due aca ohene «ene Ronee eee 818 

ECRAN GUL iy eee nine eee 858 ETLODROTUM ns crocus 6 «so oveverns Deke ee Cee 922 
TULIMENLACEUM doc.cciciote cin acts cer ener 858 CT-ULDEOSCENUS s oava sc cei aro yershoketeroyers ola: ache soko Rete 934 
RUSDIGUNU Ss Lhntes be one 859 CTUCHELOTINGE 5 5.010. one seeiotoners io oa Peete 831 

LORS SOS Oo OPT AA On Aan iad c 858 ETUERTOCOTDOMW ao ove) o vahel ale lel d eee 921 
MULTUM rete en a Tote Oe 858 SOLSUNG > Leek oko ores doles erotenevanetn ch eR epee 970 
WOLIMNOLE Fs oes Behe eee ee 858 fasciculatumigc. omic eee 682, 916 
MALE SE) se 858 Chartagunense.. ose aes cncle oe eee 682, 916 
RUSPIAUIM oe ee see he een atone 858 GissitiflOrwm.. 0.2 «2 odes ors one SOE 912 
DUGMULCUNUN lane eee 859 SPLAVESCENES S's agoie d tiore oc onc sfeveeiaier exes ee 916 

MUL DUTCUTURE Acta eile 858 PUSCUT oes Sio ws anoiciatelece Cle Eee oe 916 
SADULUCOLOS eee Or EOL 859 MNUAIUBS sia voi 6 oo dtoen yee Oho os oeeoT AN eke OTe 912 
SADULLCOLUNU ne peice one. a es 859 reticulatum. 4) atone ae ee 682, 916 
WALLET ad vnc na Ce 860 SASL GTALUIN «(race cals, aiqrars, onccave.cloicrel-youe MUO Ree eee 916 
CHUSADAVOMISE, siseihivs love eines ence ON 859 SET VENLICOLG Sao eistereysiepcenice eters Re eee 924 


CT USE DIUCV <5 Plas wien SS aE eee 859 PA PULOSUIMN «Src c.a acct crace Ain store ero ee 924 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1033 


Panicum ferventicola—Con. Page Panicum imberbe—Con. Page 
SAMO 0c ook bobo GOODE CROo aC Ge DOD 924 DUSYUNUTIUS weer An cis oa or dis aaakel sche epee ste 950 

ESE COLDEST e uN ayers Gus yvetisye sfelseenl a senna nese 972 GUACULE ye wmce nach ean ein Haw in ee ae eee 951 
ECMO oB6 ooh eoo so aeO COR as) 4 Kagodhon 920 : DULDUTOSCCIUS sia wae chi <i aks seit ene 950 
MNT ais 6 Ge eae ate RIC a CRO OU ea ecg) © Glen ove 854 HIMPUCALUM Ge Mo pce aes anemia Me 656, 918 
FINDS aa ES Se one cisan eqs lacerreualiel a peta alco rst omens 691, 916 WIV CERUUTIUT semen shot ete Sia ce a7N oh skersuatisvet a ten ene 857 
TURAL IIE ULV aves, «sais aren cilislen ae nnn a 911 UILALCUNU AN sorta velstepirce sate: eeee sled. ayn meee 947 
HTTMENTO? 5 obs Hoo ooo NO OD A aOO ons > oD 855, 982 IUPUI a tal a eon Ares eKchahs Tt vacateedten an mia 923 
THOT DS HRB OOO ODEO biopic Cogoa ot or 921 WIUSULAT EMAAR ste odin deus Gi aOR Oe Ae 970 
Seog hy Koper see ne een lies kandinta hy Gone ninio: moc. er bee 637, 916 lachnanthimeancethe ae Na ee 969 
OA Dg ih SSOP OS OO OOS OO oa 910 ; leweophacumeen cm. es ee 970 
LCDCLULLIL TUM pee ere Tage eectere] a: Otol aKcteesstoney sls are se 918 UIESULO TU TTON Hie srt Aare a on aay Myc onsee tty erate 922 
LCUESCOIUS ae emi Miron ces one ial el austelleaetsustsueyaio nes 916 UIVOLULUIE Ma arent ae ee hae HOAs Se 915 
A KYONZIOS Ag gieoe abu cD OO oUO ous Bcc 666, 916 WOIDETUSERMaetey ss svevionsi Ssaston >. hora etn Neen eae 983 
ETT OG eas ee PMSA Oe Male ap nl oh gp ah oR A 950 USCLCIUTL CR ritace Cant ans eee toe ee 831 
ies. c dec obs oo eR Domo MOO OnuCo SO. 686, 916 Hon Bix IUCLUCO TUG sn sass ros spon Mazes hh ciclo sRoteseut een terete 831 
I EAUOSULNG s Oo een Oooo DRO ei Ord oreo 920, 983 ESCHACTUUMN natch MALS eee 854 
FOTO AN UMA eae Rainn 916, 927 ULOLICUNI RA ste NTRS rT eR eee 951 
FAL ULOTUS Nt RN ees cra ny BH ws elle allaar oral ease bes Bie 947 COlOTNICUT aaa ee 951 
SIONS A oes AOR SS ECO rar 892 VAMC is 3 Gb > 6 bdo bob bUR ODO} oODb Dt 951 
J PURCG UCD AMOR GH ab MOO OBO Bo eno pidge 6a 858 Ryn UR UGE Ns eka sp sens treatin cee ee metere caemepetee se 954 
NALTUSUO TEU es ery aoe oP Oya) Siok wife) oie faces eh eae elTolens these 919 JAMAUCENSC Be enhatent nr iasse se tee 859 
VUE. Cue or eon OEE Oe COC TORO oad bam ac 950 DOT UIUUTIONRY. ih cto ele: puta ies eenel Nae tee eber won eet 918 
LES CORTE DC TUSINET Me oseiaisial ocee) aie censor a eesl arches 916 POOL ratio eeensyiie tas hic Sogo testament cannot 678, 918 
USC Odo edb 6 Ane OOS OOS OO Dio re bee nes 916 TUMENRLOTULM rte ee ee 920 
SP USCUCULGELLTIV sy oho o's) oo Sus chore Sl ave chele cleie ole oie 916 DUUTEC CUT coe itceians eat g a ae EE te aT 915 

TOI RUS Me esis SA esl caus nS) USK aca 912 101 (i le a aU a ers Wrens TUT AMO eS MnscaA Rta Ca 923 
MOLUCILL CUAL IID Pe kev teeta o) soe eae hole bene 916 OY CTUSE Meiers ctR roids be or eam Veet ean 682, 911 
HNISIROLIMC He eee eis callie ac cpaey a sity ore 648, 916 UA BOON oie a AN eS teat UN A PEE yad 925 
AC EIIC eLIeg uri cys sepeiale ots cere auea ocho mss 687, 917 lacknantiine ee eee ee 969 
TSINMEMAGUTM SAGs neha eae cae a susliehelene oe hele 680, 917 lA CUSTER hoa enn CR CRE Ree 685, 918 
HAMMAN Dao 5 FO oR OE ee Bae 915, 949 GLAS OA ASN OU RON EME tine Wes TOMn Ne eM Lg aE iS st UA AREA cd 920 
RTORTIOUUMOS So SUS AS See Cee 915 Laevigatiniirren nse ea een es nee 949 
GEOTIUCUTTONN Romane ek So RS Ree 872 LONGUE Re ee ec 970 
GerMAaNicuM...... eee eeee ss ch rea aan PP 951 FAN CCATIUIM Ce panne te ieee seine eee 669, 918 
ehiesbreg titer titre cchersic spaces 692, 917 atl unites cece igh eee ie ee ea 921 
HINO wai oe COORD OO ce eo 708, 947 languidum) sec etic: cue neem 660, 918 
(TOUT O 8 6 oe 6-0 8 os CB OO ED ee 925 LamuicinOSuIMietias. | here an ie 657, 919 
HGMOGTTCTOUT Os oo 6 BS ORG OS MOO Soca ao 925, 951 VOSOMMM Ms 6odcctbsovca bio naee sense 918 
fda opebr@lbhoneneis 4 5 Seka aoa MIDino G OMe 668, 917 DU OSU RR re oe eee 918 
(ADP OSSOLOOT iy & bh SO BO CO A nO EE Oe Die ee 916 UCC UCACR RR ee ee ote 918 
(IGAOP UDO s bos Cy Pe Se eR a Se itac ren 854 LIN DIUCALU TSE eee 2 me ee ee ee 918 
MAUSSUSSUDDUCTISEs 9. 2 kc ec ee ee he eee 855 METUAVONALE dns eel ee eee 920 
(MCLICOUD Sis 6 1a 60.6 bys AA HE a ee 933, 952 lindheimenime ue eee 919 
CLOM GALLI er See ei cee chlenyenishceeyduelteeees 952 SEDLENUMVON LEH re cah ap nae. aerate ene 924 

SL AVESCOTUSH TIEN RN SR ayes uacsienes sane ee « 952 SUCCOILALITUN eens abies pins) yy eUnte n aeale 924 
VGCULG ALIN EEP na oh ones 952 Lanigunosianh en eh es eee a 922 

DUT DURGSCEMSE ben: A iiasaiey diesel os 949 Lassenia Umi ea cate yee) ae ee 924 
HLOMCR ALTIUS eee ek Reb eas 917 VA tifolaumy ees ee ee ee 679, 919 
RORGFIICUBS ooo C6 6a OO ME OS ioe Dib bic ee 913 OQAUSER OT Crary eres ore ee Pe eee 912 
FXOWUUT TUNG 6G. 6 oes A oie cael OlteG eee earn oe 697, 917 Clandestine nn 6 omen nay aan 914 
(PORTOMLD «20.9 5.0 0 BB, SRRENG aA Ob Gig Da east 917 BRITLOLL GN USP Gece Bice date oetay Sieve ihe es beg ete 913 
PG ROSCTOU Ds 6 0 ob OU BOR HOS BS OB OOOO 918 Hasxcaifl omuniners saps ea as ets eee ae eee 644, 919 
GPOCWIGPRLLOS. 005086, 0 lb CRS Gace Ne on ka eee 875 DUDVESCEN SN eine e. © Dae ae an 924 
(TRUCOS OHOS > 6.6 600 OO OOO CO TIC On Ceca e 983 SENUCUUTAIMCULIN tra hes Tiere eee ae 926 
TPAC TIONG ss oo 9000p 4 80.0 0 ONO e nO eda nice 914 USUI Disc A NOB OS A On RRMA a Oa We Cache) 831 
(ROG ISEMAD0 B6 8 60 0.0 CNG CO aren eae 854 letbersiakests:: cite aeeiee: ssa. ae 672, 919 
RODE SE a ae lccoas iodo Se nasa 912 UBIO DOUYIDIMTOSR Bais. 6 bis 06 MAelo did be-wslois 60.0% 918 
ROSS OUD ob, b.0.5 Ao DOOR OID OOO eee oe 922 leprdallams Ac nt: See Sees ics See eee 692, 919 
(POSS S 6 0.63 bs 0 0 SAPD ae ene rene aenire 857 Vewcoblephanisinn ia tee 914 
(GCOAIOUR NANO > J16 bs 6 ob SOE ooo ooo 922 VEUGOCOMUM ee ee 856 
LYIMMOCATPOME Mee ccs ess en ee 706, 917 LEUCOPNACUMER Re ee tee 970 
POCTIUCTHFHDOD 56 0.508 SOs MOOR OR aD 925 FEUCOthnixaa yet sesame eae a 655, 919 
IEW 8 Sh at, Boe oc HC ca RR Ie a re 692, 917 Aincdheimenti se islet ei esiclonaee aoe ch ene 654, 919 
GUO HOMUOITD & & G's 6 Bee SAR RRR Cio ies teeter 917 MOS CUCULGTUTUM i oe ceo ten anes 918 
CHCOMEL OTIS «torts 86g OR PE OR CRO Ee Os He 854 DUVOSUNU eae ee ene eeape 918 
NAV AGNI RES Eee nh ute LS Win a ae a cide iG 697, 917 SITE DUUCLELLTIO ei ieeeeys eine ein eas nn enh Pete 918 
ve ler nese: rein aig) Pasa hota 670, 917 METUAVONGLE: inane Horne une 920 
HME TIAMUGOMMOM er ey ea onsets Sade Sheet Seabees 704, 917 Septentiionalenen.s css sere earn 924 
Retenonnyllavmer ewe en ee at 914, 920, aes LENIVESSCEN SE nie ee NA ae een 924 
HOEOMOS 070 sib 6 Be Scho eR ec eee eae LUD UCU TIO he eee. mera teeta naan a 919 

LAA TUS Pe IER Ni iok eile eWedepe Ua ee 703, 918 USCA capes CLE aa a crt ore RS trea Tht 855 
Hail linwveara te sete aie ar oh saceests Samete seks 689, 918 MAUSSUSSUDPUCTUSE sts tee ee 855 
INSU IT ere a tee fet nals te, shieuetiece 693, 918 hhinvearifoliumeee re cee ee 643, 919 
EAN Bo. 65.8850 526. 0 OED OO Doig ee 859, 908, ae WETTER ee Reet Sle ck TONER EEN ee me ES 925 
hirticalycinum... 0... cece ce eee eee eee Linkianiimcn gh ane Rees ee eee 855 
LECTIN COM, oo: 0.0 0 BS RO DOOM DEO breC En pera ats lnthoplilumisege samt ce ae 687, 919 
LOUEHRKCEDUIDS 4 i5'd 65, a Sto a a ROA Ola 689, 918 PUtOniec eae Pett are eG or oir yh en Crate eh ee 924 
CUDA TON Oia Ss 5 od otros. Hl DIA OIC Oe oes 917 Littonalenn ven ancien tees toa a) a Ange ae 922 
USDC Dc co's ote oe GSN MOO Ge Oe Ra 859 AML ONGILOTUM wm hes eos See ee 855 
ROTIZOTEGL CH Pe Ws iin Shs eioladel ele 6 onsiegioe 854 loneitoliume eases ss cs a ee 702, 919 
INU AC INU CACHHA ines felis: Siee cus ceil a aeee 657, 918 COMBS Pacha aS NE as a 914 
HAS CIC UMA TUITE le ais chee ele eee es ', .657, 918 DUDESCENS he act Tete eee 919 
SHAE Chass Sc 5 OR. OR het oe a eae 657, 918 Longiligulatume as a as seein 655, 919 

ECR USOT 5k To PO So BE eI tIee pote ona 854 longipedunculatum..........c ccc cece eens 924 
OC IPOD OILS. cab ls opin GIO aie cscs Cees aieees 947 LONGUSELUT I aS aes nied 860 
UGILONGLIL IU SPW Tae oy ai car wl sec ve cage rales 818 Hurerclurmmyeet Ge Snowe acc necr a com ain CON 654, 919 
WUCPOMEGISO«. 3.0/5 by GASOLINE e 916 ODACUIN, epee Ake ie ee ee a 654, 919 


ID DOROG SOR Se ME ORE Oe al 949 CALOGLOT UN ee ee 919 


1034 INDEX 


Panicum—Con. Page Panicum—Con. Page 
VULESCENE © viet ese csete nice ee aes Oe. 952 OTUNGENSE wis hate hale o haisielete sale te eee 919 
PAU UI 0. eats caste ere omas Bes aa uO ee 951 OLICOla acts it Sco ese ee 664, 921 
NULCTOCOTDON coroner ies CE eT 919, 923 orthophiyllanis. ts visto oa isi arate fee 912 
NULCTOSLA CRY UTM Us a ae naeieke oe iad eee 952 ovale se. Seen ichl ik ee eee 661, 921 
MUACTUM | Casi tee NB ives ie Oe EE 924 OVINUIN S25 bh aanek sake oe 648, 921 
MACULAE eyo tie inc ee ee 926 OWEN GE RH oo esster a¥o nV ate Giahens cto sTe oO Oe 911 
Malacong.ce wt eee ee oon 662, 919 PACINCUM : 23. cehhaderetare Bees mee 659, 921 
malacophyllumbie ia eee ee 670, 919 PAlMisolwwMm ss... cisco oe eee 953 
ANANALEN SE > Cis ea he ere Mee eC 918 paludivapumes pees eee eee 680, 921 
mattamuskeetense ss) lee rien 651, 91 2 DANUIMCU Gs sie ore Pavevara Chav als) hovehevela None ee eet 921 
COT ie tere hg AMER Doren dG 5.0 914 PAMPMOsSUMe.. oc ee eee 690, 921 
MAXIMUM yer i ee ee 626, 695, oe DAT VUDANLCULALUM ae lel el leit ee eee 916 
DuULDOSU Te tree ee eee chs oe tener MATVUSDUCULUNE. crores erties ei ake ee ee ere 919 
SJONGULOG eSta s sere yan isccre eipoeaetoe eee 5 1B DOTYVULUIMS. sevice ohare olen eee eee 924 
TEDL Ban EER CUR Ate Case 949 PUSPALJONME nes oe Me a i ee eee 929 
MEQ USLECHY UTR rae. ce ite i> acter ete a teuctn dO 924 DASPALOUES Peres tiiathiah We broke ne BR ee 917 
MVLUCOTUUME Meco rake emotes Sieh ya wtih 880 patentifolnim)..sacee ee eee eee eee 670, 921 
LG EOE ORO PRT LEET AERA Oe REE ey Ci 897 DALENTUSSUMALTI= Hee etele eeeeeee eee 875 
MICLIGION Ale eect cho ae ee ee ete 656, 920 patuluméin- 23... woe er een eee 669, 921 
yw salbemarlense: oo in... * lets festa 911 PAUCICLLUQLLNU. | eee toteeene ele ee 669, 922 
MUUCIUUTIONUTIV.Sojeie ake cea sdtare oxciess, vate eeke 872 POUCIPLOT UNG. caters. Poin sale tovetal «lel tern at ota taetets 920 
MUL CHOUTU Boe iieirs « oc5 etc gIoe One aciete ee 872 DAUCUDIVUM scope ho see ecto en oo eee 923 
MU CLOCAL DON itatelere Voie ete) see sae ecru te 650, 920 pedicellatum =<... spree tem eee eee 673, 921 
PSODRY LUNE tele Rk coro On Te 921 PEAUNCULALUI «s.2he eo aueisietelele eich tote ieee 914 
Pet DILCETOCUT DON ae.s. > «oie cha ole Sere eke 923 MENUC LAL ae 5 evs eee OO ee 950 
MICE OCAMPO T MN colel ete oso (ete che ake whale atletetes Ne BB 1 METSTLUGTUCUIII: oie leteleletale ihe aie eee oie 983 
MACTODNY UUM wo « ois 0 /sce"s alas vareisiass teense = 920 POLILON GUT si. = wlerere aceite folate oietn eee neeee 643, 921 
miliaceum MHes hateiorenc te siete ore eens 626, 690, eae DETMETVOSUMs «oe s4e ts Ne eens BE ee 917 
miliaceum PE Petals our Meohelatane a ere aT oe nee 915 phaeocarpum var. drummondianum........ 854 
MUU U INE, wutctetotee estes ete laceen «afte ests Pace Oe 920 philadelphicum=-= cee ene 687, 921 
OC UELIS DS MOREA BE OU Oy AOE OOOO D 921, 924 tuckermant. 30 ch ke cee sce eee 924 
MANUS ee heave Peis Phe a Care ae ae 921 MICELGUUMNG sc. ctw ies 47 icles ier ee 922 
MAUTAULULOT ULI esha aie he IG 897 pileomayense.a.it- 4.2 cai eee eee 691, 921 
MAUTLULULLT Atel See ere EE Oe 926 DILOSUIMU. Eh oueteiars eR eee oes OE 983 
MIUSSUSSUD DUCNSEA a ent ee ee 923 PIMNELOLUM 1 esis Ase ere one 647, 921 
LEHR OS GAC Pile Sh MIO: SANs ETO SADR ER | TR ow er A 872 DLaNLAGINCUIMN Jae eee eee 831 
MON ACHILOLCESHPEN 3 Ao eee ae 917 DEAEENSE i arerers Brain rots 6 foley miei are eke eeere eho ne 928 
muhlenbergianuny. saan ee 983 platycaulon 6 wishes. wee SO EE 826 
TOA s0bone bk abedskadbpoucose nae ce 915 Dlatyphylliniseneiwele ee eh eee 831 
AILILUL OTL OTL TIVegee ais ee 915, 921 PlEMUMVS ye ae eee oh eae 695, 921 
PYLUT LUT eee ads eye ae eo eee 676, 920 DlvCalulme eric cc eee ae Ee Oe 931 
MUBLCOLUM Ee Reh eee ee 857 DLeCatUmn ore olka Seto ae Oe 726, 953 
mutabilewe MK ees, sansa 6 eee 678, 920 DOUTELLATLWIMN arn) «rss eiehere ie) sia ain lela ier 953 
LIT TAH OO ALON seoi5h oo OOOH OODLE CIOS 918 polyanthes*. w.2.2. 5 «scaeee ee 665, 921 
DACULA Ae eee ae ee Lee 921 poly.catloni. ces .ose se cichete eon 645, 921 
MOC CYT Roe Coe Oe ee ee 923 DOLYGAMUM ae ce Es 3 Weeisteein cee 920 
MEMNODAENLLLNU I one ee eee 912 gongylodes.). 6.8 oe oa ee nee 913 
TET OSUTNUM Byte einare a oho one PN MAR Toe 914 RUntyCaUle. isco Sa ctsaie See ee 918 
MEUTATIE MUNI reacea are eee cee 648, 911, 920 DOUGONOUAES= ... sce ctcle che cioec Oto 920 
TEAMOSILNY Aenea aes koe TR Pen tool ceeke 917 DOLYNCWLON a5 -c.c08 3.21 woe ae Oe RO ee 914 
RUGHULOSUnUSE Ee ee eee 953 POLYTENAZUTIUM . Aceon e cide Deo Oe 929 
NUGIGUM eee ee ke, en Stee 650, 920 DOTLETIANUMG? oo heh Seah isis ee 912 
CHIDO Deo ch oepobpododooobedouo0 911 Porboricenses. «a. 4. see cles cis eters 668, 921. 
Da Dalia ate chtenstasac re oor 919 PFACCOCIUS Ss. 6 oss vote ee eee eee 659, 922 
bar Dulatwm ernie fhe eee sie 912 DALUCOLD «oc ok &.% Bis fore Oi ste et Oe a 920 
CUliat Lenn ee ee Oe nee 918 DV ESUUG 6 Lac ee hinge Roe ORE eR tee 924 
CLOSSUOULULTU ne ihe) oe nar ears 923 PLOMFET UM. 666 a oss 50 ove nice = aeedetoree oes 915 
GETSUPLOTALIIS ho co: sxctneseeete es ee TO 923 GeNiculatuio.. oeneioe foe 915 
ENSULOLLUNU RARE. cooler he eC Ee 916 DULOSUIN cc ciaiee is & ls Btops wilestae eee eT Re 915 
QLADTALTIU SE ote ee eee ee 983 DTOTE DEMS): mu cictanscn uh theese cle ee 857 
OL GCULC ae. teks oor eee ee 983 PLOSUTALWIMN a os.crs cans Saat = eee 922 
MGIUS Hh Meroe POL ree nee 914, 983 DULOSWIM 5:0. 6 ole Ge ever ais omen n ROL eter 922 
INVUTUWS et ac renee hea es ee 913 DTULNOSUIN, ©. ovis ocho Bisa e cease Nets neeee 925 
OCLONOGUING A: ho cea he SO eens 923 DSAMMOPNUUTM.\.. «ses oes ee ee tie = ele rnereete 914 
DAUCULOTIULIM Un - elcietelel hsieieiceeete eae ecto: 916 MPSCUAGTUCEDS:: sh. -¢ woo chores SPoee eee ee ener 919 
DULOSUNTV My rere a cee Vecchare clone eLearn te haters 918 PsSeudopubescensShia- > seo cistseeseher ees 661, 922 
PUD ESCEILS Secstre tence nsec een eee 925 DUDESCENS :. Jn cian sie acho cue e alee Oro ere 923 
TAMULOSUNM egestas one er oe ee 920 barbulatum. cisasc< oes oo eee 912 
VELULUTULIT a fon rans elo chs Peete a OT tees 923 PUUSOLIWIMN:. cic. oki SIS eee oh ere 913 
DULLOSUL Malan d irls e ee TC tee erae 925 DWMNUUWIN oslo creiel'a es steire see 018 cea 926, 983 
VETO Thee Re te Re ee 916 MUNTCTES wie cies & oie Seiwlelle tigueauerese MEIC 858, 911 
NOUS TUM Me ee eee ee it ENE ee 674, 920 DULDULASCENS) circ erecta tee 626, 680, 922 
NOOUPLOTAUIUM Ae siotoion sector AEG as pO one Cele 920 ; DUP UT OLIVE. .o-cser a: orl oe) susiieoencl cuenea the korene tan tenen 919 
TMODOSUIV GH aka oh oske POTN SLR Pace Suse Oe 913 TFOJUNCSQUILTUULNM site ciel detetel henets tele ete ree eee 983 
THUIGICAULE Mt ne eo caso eeen seek 650, 920 TAMOUISEEUT. 3 one ov cl ch ouale rete a roneeree erent 636, 922 
COIGKTI As Rene ORS CIE eRe nour paid atin 892 TFAMOSUML. 65.2) sche oc cueueh oreo eee 682, 922 
aRbvaatle bth obhanlgntys ciyinn Hide Gatto ohio oe beso cachet oo B 922 TAMULOSUM As. 2 3) oreraveler diets Hore aie ee 911 
OTL AGT DR Pe aicriowe Shai AAR OICE ID Eorony HERG reo 911 DUT LDS a 2s, 5 os ayn, eels shore ape are NT I 916 
DUMB Dn bacBo vaoaseo ob oonguUaDAeOnS 908 PUTO Oontc 6 oe oe a Oe 6 O00 eee -.926, 952, 953 
OvLONGUAOTUII Cede ete cert eee 918 TFAVENELID a ho eee 672, 922 
ObtusumMter ene eee ee oe eee 627, 704, 920 TECOLNILUM’. occ cemer ere eee eee 675, 922 
occidentalek. samen soos assets 659, aoe TOCEUTIVG © cia doa. o cusickelo.sterahetare One Cee 915 
OCCIGENLALE hans ane a ere toon ee FO ReKeN PEAUIUUUWIN Scioto 5 ONO Oval oleon Se Me ere a eee 921 
OCLONOGOM me syesove ier. ele etais ee acekr ENE Meb Sune oe 033 O42) 0°21 0 PE Oi COE IO OCT ONG.0 DO )9i0.0U 697, 922 
oligosanthes syria ce oe nee 672, 920 CONTENEUIN Tosa ocho sche Pte 917 
Well erst ce ete seals coie tov hooper 917 PODETULE ccs Sea tes Mes BUSS OF oles wT een 920 
SCTLOTUCTUATUUMUn telicke eiticle onesie cielene 923 TOE PLAISS cies cicichanebersbans loustevereclsvereteretaletonetors 682, 922 
ON'SLOWENSE aye ic ce oie elelias 0 scene ce te we oderohenoust siete 925 TEICULALUIMN cake alee oie ; See glecgare ereversiotenle 916 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1035 


Panicum—Con. Page 
TOMO RUOMOo o bo oo bO ODD ODDO ODDOOADODODDY 915 
HEVELCHONI ss seen ea stsee one a eveieeaie acetone 637, 922 
EHIZOMALUIMEM ee Coe ie ero ae 702, 922 
PUGUA ULL TAG em Se ae, Alam eae hie wrsieiciet stone tae 911 
POANOKENSC TA At Lies Ngee eines hone eee 653, 922 
RONALD 59 Hb. od GRO ROPE RSAC RG CR CRO SIIC 947 
TOS ARTO A SOS SOTO OO OO dic cr ROO: ae 911 
TET ULTIMA Tene ee eta cone ate TS 818 
TUVOSTLOS BOG ECT OOS CROCE IO OCR ~ 925 
POY DIRAA HIG > UaoedO thd GOD a OEE nce AER RGIOIrG - 926 
SCLUGLLUCOL Cute tat eo en gh ee areca ala, es ced 859 
SOCCROTROULTUME TSR Rint tein ms en a Rea 969 
SLECHAT OIG CSH A Er et MDE ie eho te 970 
SGHOGOP OHNO s8 ba Borstis.6 RADIO Oo ACO ae 855 

CYTO SoC CLOG ore ORS OG ORO 854 
howezonialon ere ee eee 854 
ALU UNGLLTO Sea e C e t  eeiet ane 855 
SUM DSONMUME REI Rees Ce cere 856 
SCODETNUIN UUM ole ee ie ide halo de wee 920 
Scabriusculumepeeenee sa leks ke ae. 676, 922 
RHODA AE OE Sista Oe RA RAL 953 
SCIIVECIepsat ee the pene en el Ve 919 
SCLADINNUT ee ee oe ee De et aar 913 
SCLILO CT SMP ets Prin ante he on ey ek 858 
SCODATIOIDES eye e ye Coke ee ec aleee 661, 923 
scoparium.......... Creat, ineae a Atl ie 674, 923 
QNGUSUIfOUUNU mat accie oe sls ocleee 920 
DIOLS FSB i6. Gh OE EA On he 922 
WSIS IO® Fa 215 Cs eC Ra i eae 919 
GOOMOIE ed Oks. E el eC Ce ee 922 
TOOL ILISE 5 BOR a ea ea TO ae SE 919 
POUCULOTUTU RA PMS L Me sere a 8 sg nlc ws Se 921 
SHO OUR Dia 5 5-5: 6.405 0 ob OOO Oe OOo eee G OC 923 
Scribnerianuml. sees. ose ce 672, 923 
USUOCR TOL & 3. aos ho a AAT ae erase 919 
SCUBOGHISS 6-556 Bod OO oe ene 930 
SUCHMTD bc Bee OE ee 872 
SCLUCCUT eT aN et oP a eee ee 911 
SOROS 66 SiS. B ke EE 908 
SCLOSUMUAAEE RTE RT renin le nk be aleve 953 
SOHWOEO Sa.0 FS baths UP Ao Oe ee 916 
Shastenses yea eee te ee: 662, 923 
SUNUDSON UME TE ss eles eee 
SOODMS AUD 6.0 S06 SO OS Paso Ra ae 924 
SOMOS 315 Goa 5 olor cid SI aie ee ae 627, 690, 923 
Sparstflorum........2..00. ae ERO AD Poke ws 913 
SDAVOSVDIS-6. 66 0.5 66a 8 CaS Ee Ie eee 983 
SDRUCELALLM eee ee Lee lee ee ne 953 
Sphaerocarnponemt ee aco eels 665, 923 
OTOL LD so 6 SoS 506 Hb SO Ede b SO Oboe 916 
renyokARyVaoLinS Chis 5 Aan See cate 665, 923 
sphagnicola 36d DO Oe Cy POS TIE eee 654, 923 
SOCEM D0 6:8 tio08 OOOO OOO OOOO eae 933, 947 
SPU OLERNTOS 6000.0.0-00 BBO OOO CA SD eee 916 
SORAUTAW 36 06.00.06 606 OO 5 Oba SE eon 915 
STORSWOIEN S'S omic O16 O.510 ORCI OR Poe En 654, 923 
ROOT O5"-0:510'S°S-0 0 0'RL CORREO De Seno 930 
SDM OCIES 5! 54 crn Sido Sig ABO Ie Fie ee 924 
Strpicat ump ere ale wel eae os 627, 701, 923 
Shraminewmeypws ek we wk a oe eee 690, 924 
TPO 0 'o/d v'hg OPS ae eee 911, 947 
STUORV ORO’. 6 65 CROSS LES ee ae 919 
SETRUCLULNU TAME NR fost eee oe 915, 926 
Vimeanifoliwm. .. 0c ccc cece sees sees 919 
WADE & 6 tatty Obs BIE TE OT ea 925 
(WOMOR TUDE 5 ApS PEC ACL Ate nee 921 
_ PSL DAL M D885 Scie AiO ae LORE 915 
SULIT OS UMee ra eM oi chslafetss veers 0 Se 645, 924 
SULUGTOULALLIN EEE ek ee noe 920 
SUbqQuadriparwm.... 0. cece eee ce ee eee eee 831 
SUNSHTDINIGB 5 8 So Sas at SOC ne ae SE oe 914 
SUOSPUCOLUIN A ae a eee we eee 922 
SUOUNUL OTL ETE eon eee eri eee es eae 911 
Subyvallosum es Seo rei eee ie als wee ei 659, 924 
SULCOLLIROR IT tee aa i ae a I os ia 726 
GU AGTOAMO > 5.40.0:5.855. b See OF Oe 826 
COLODVOT UNUM Tie eae os hese hiele ie 919 
COLUDS 36 8 886s Gal DO COE On ronne 925 
UBOCODSI8 6 0 of Geo 0 TIC ROCs 950 
leneriffae VAY. POSED... cece ee ere eet ccees 947 
UOTE 5 cA cord ORO GDS IOGIG SoC Ee 700, 924 
CENMESSCONSE reese sie cies OR Gale issee ® 657, 924 
WOMIDS 66 Stns OOo Roo eCE eo .- 666, 92 
COMULCULN UM E en eee cuties Slee 914 
COXAMUMI pete Meier ctos cule ochee 627, 684, 924 
HELM alent ees ieee Soles, ower agian 660, 924 
EROMASTATIUIM Ce) Noes ie Sideice c ete cies o cos be oo te 
CHURO WI ee ree eek cynttusa se peels 658, 924 


Panicum—Con. Page 
LORRCUUS CE en oe ee 921 
ARCO UIE rey y F EVROP NG DCEO ONO EPO Sol oer OS 
trichocondylivm apie hae 920 
ELICHOLGAES Hae He SIO eA kN Eee 693, 924 
trifoliumayeneny sy des tons f War a eet aoreekee 666, 924 
ESUMECOMUM severe shekckeroleke tolcha ener oclororaene 664, 924 
CuCKeRmManiky.n cs Lerche tects eee ee 689, 924 
CHOROID ob ondendocopon son buoonoco OU 925 
UMOTOSUIM Ears aie tensor etete eo ees 912 
UNCUDRULUM area Ce eee 924 

INV ORMU Ds sadotaccdaoddbuaoooue ao 918 
ANETIALONGLES coe Fe oe ee ee 920 
DULOSUIM Ma vsrare ¢ Media oe eid eaNe Sie OR oe 924 
DLOSETATUIMII Sacra cis cael a eleielcheiontclohenorere 918 
CHANUTE Ee Gras eke eee eet 914 
WMULOTUTE S itn Seok Ak Ne ties Doe ote 983 
UNUS DUCALUNE A Ae a Se na eeu tone eee 932 
Urvalleamummnes seen sea iaiaee cece oeeeeee re 703, 924 
Longigliimennnans een err 924 
VAGUVALUT crs to il eo ats a no Ue ees 933 
VATVEO EWI Se aie aot od As 710, 908 
VEUULLTVUL TN Re Nae end SS ee 908, 911 
VENLEN AE EA Arte etree ce egh ciao ates 950 
VELMA Seas SAN een aie aca sera aia eee erecteoienene 667, 925 
VELEUCOSUIM Ne siacd ceria cuatonoens a eretopeaihe 703, 925 
VETSUCOLOT aso be sare RS ee Re Dae 951 
OTRMOHLUMTIOS ob cbadoo cud GobucGooddocoOC 953 
QNOUGUUT ae eee ee eee 954 
VUGLUCUTU Me sree Ee FDU a eee 949 
VUCATUULTIU Der sen Se ee ae ee aoe 923 
VAL UPOT IME Sains sane nie is Sed a Ree eee lect 983 
VAL OSISSIIMUUTN ecto s ceeket ais cvehcesiecoiaietoers 660, 925 
MSEUCODUDESCENS » . Gece tie eis © cele wee 
SCODALVOLECS EO i een 923 
DULLOSUTTERE CIS aOR ek nee 915 
VUOLASCENS Ae Oe Olea eee ieee 856 
VIT SACU her kee tale Renee haterateton: 627, 697, 925 
OT EUINAMNOSUIM buen eee ee ee 925 
OCDUARLY OPES BOD GE COO BODIE OHIO.O 0:0 925 
CUDENSC i oe tas RA cela ea oe eee 697, 925 
UG USUI eee ne Boe ate eS 925 
CLONGAEWIT: SE a ake ak wie eels Meet oP nOene 925 
Qlawce phyla moms ween eiers a tei econ 925 
MOACTANLLUM Eo eee 917 
OOEWSUIN NORTE Nereinicieen ess aes coaeMe le ene ee nO: 925 
SPISSUIC NS a Mieat enees ona e riteuc con aneeete 697, 925 
ChUTSUONIMe Ae ce ee 92 
VUNUO Crea Tee bnVine este icite oy lel eee ae 954 
DRevisel UT wechseln conte eeneee 954 
DUGLOLU US enh ReR eye Re Delle he Ra Ciao ve eee eRe 917 
UUSCUALNY tie ee tea ye enn Lk Acar ape Nn et areca ean 923 
SCADTUUSCULILIUM ae eee na ene 923 
WUOLb OT sapany cra met aarti wo ake Ua karat tart ten 859, 917 
WALLER IPs ie Aenea Ns coats petelM ib hon ioe me paler ererS 912 
ATL OUUEN is 4 roe en eto nc cc chap eet: Uagme tee eee ean 913 
WebbDeLIAMUIM ise: ous eienenr ete eee 669, 925 
WELNCIU Pt tes cee aehees oo she hic Poe E nM ten 643, 925 
Wil COxIamMUTe) eae ar elercrlaitiereretchere 670, 925 
WilminetONneNnserm ieee eres 663, 926 
Vacdabynwbane oo aogneodanoopobonoeLss 655, 926 
Kal APenSeren se ea ace eee eles 644, 926 
SELICHIFAMeUMe ese eiiiererete cece 644, 926 
xanthophysumesse entice ciate eee 673, 926 
CH NMOWWDa 6 ooodoodgooKUb OOOO oO0N 926 
LANCNOSDERINWN a ne een erect aieieeo ie cite 925 
Va Gan ENnsens see eee Moen eee 653, 926 
ZELDY CTS Cee So ee renee 859 
ZOTAUE Sern Me neces aie Calls OPE, Ris Mnteee suaeE EERE 857 

PZANVOTMOTUCUTU Hee Oe oe 938 
buckleyanum var. MQUUS...... cee eee eee 1000 
buckleyanum var. MAJUS...... eee eee ener 982 
bulbosum var. ViIVIPATUM..... ccc cece eens 938 
COM DECSSUN Utter Oakey usta ohne neat 939 
GLUUCUNI RS  T eee ee t 940 
UILET UWS rere ee eee eRe 941 
Longuligulatimeaeaie dette cisco rere 942 
FLCTILOT CLG sai y ioe ROG aoe eave aOR 942 
DVALEN'S CM rege eae yee ee eae ben Lo este lene 943 
DT ALOT ECOL or aiata alicitonel's latste 7s Cytetes claro eterno 938 
Yeh 0d ARVO ARTE RTOREO OE OCOD OS A OImOsbIG D 944 
AOL OPO OO OD EEG OF CORRIGOODEO TOO OOo OC 943 

1e4ay ojaya) VIG Ko nob ouMouocdCdoU0 0 6m 225, 227, 926 
alopecuroideum niece eer ioene eierene 225 
GW NARAHI DG OO OOD OOo DIS noe cla a.u Ok 225, 926 

VAGULALUNU ol eee ie elnls elsienere neers ieee 926 
BiGOlOr yee Serta ee Sea g tieeererera 225, 926 
MLELUCATUUNU TS re EL ets 865 
mucronulatumis.csc no eee eee 225, 926 


1036 INDEX 


Pappophorum—Con. Page Paspalum—Con. Page 
pappiferum var. mucronulatum............ 926 CUA ORAM RAS AE AERO OD ore C 609, 927 
VAGINALUM. we eevee ngpaoUianaedonbpooss¢ 926 CPO EOD OLO CMEC ODUADD Ane nna ease 929 
ADT URE eo iets eee CE CTE Cee 227, 865, 997 CDUC eestor AAG cis hee Ee 609, 927 

PAPPUSETASS He.sie-c1e.e fisss e.0(sue-c1etein sis jayate Wane eres 225 ETLOPROTUMNS Sse iowioiete oe cies wa OEE 928, 932 
SDK G 2 eve rebere jeiele. viele si oieiescjacaee ore aievele oars einen 227 JETNUNAEZLANUM weve tei eee ee LoE 929 

BATA STASS: aise o eteleiotejors otsie Meas eaerat ater enehatete 626, 680 Pilosha chy cre sic acta ace Gia ate sie ee DOLE 825 

Paraguay strain of Bahia grass................ 606 SPUUSOTINE Te ors sasse heb eie oe ee 854 

Parapholi US eva atone hi eect ore a aa 277, 926, 997 JlOTADUN AUN ieee eee EEE ee 930 
HAE eo Aioianid i Goa OO GEE 277, 279, 926, 997 floridantimin 3 paced arate ene 620, 929 

IB ATGVARTAINA ctoicle cree oho cr cieia oh costete cee: IG Enact 538 clabratums;Scic s sloectete cierto 620, 929 
OMbETASS eee ile ose elie csieie neo eee eaeaoe 311 AMUitans/ssiae esis Hee cece eee one 601, 929 

Raspalidvimsgeminatum. .a. . cece leivicisicieiniae fon alee SPOLVOSIN oe ole 's ayo, 07h cisie Oe clo ekelcioa oe eee 933 
MOLUAWUAGUM aan to ee cio cates TC OO eee 921 TRE OO IAA DO Aer Herbs Ser5 Gu Sos 929 

RAS Palin yen ce clovrerewcteree ie eloite setae nmi 599, 927 SUTCOUUNE., Sai sche ajake shart Ges eee eee 826 
QODTEULALUIM rc crcicle eis nie oreo cinicin cinleie tea ee 930 PULL ORME Hse he hk a ee 854 
ACUMINAT ILM acces eae ke 601, 927 DAT VULOTAIMN Hees cers leis s ocsyateeiclo neato 825 
CNW Tih boc te een MO eR EE SAT eM OG Me eee 606, 927 VELLOSUML oh oa ws sae cuales eed EOI 826 
DULCE ANS Ste hee ee eee 929 GOMANUI © Sache ose tes eeiaie We OTOCIOE: 605, 932 
GILUSSTINUMU are ese ca a CET Ce 929 GENUCULALUIM se «soo asvereaels ste1eis Ge CRISTO 983 
DIN DULUTH Hee Eee CE ee ete 619, 930 Biganteum).:c< «ea. btm ecsp emilee 620, 929 
ANGUSEULOLIULM ee ee neice 615, 929 QLabDeEET UNUM oe Hee eee 619, 930 

CALM ARERR ATO PARED EO Ona o 930 glabratum. fo hoo se eee ee Cee 929 
ANNULAR Retr Tee ere Sine ee Oe ee 872 WG Pn Sas agabacheanboL 612, 854, 855, 929, 930 
ONUEULLCTUS Chee cinta tag Joo eee Onto ae alae Races 931 OR ACULG ress 2, Soo Sr Ee eee 927, 931 
NATOK AG SOORS OLA DODD BEG BOOB OOb ORES 917 GTACHUMUTUF. sioleicre > stata siele a) tat hota eet 612, 927 
LUO NOG AS Os Oca Dea ais Pa a one 931 griseum..... sisteietactens ginieiaeduoke nce OEE ae 932 
GUStTOLE ma Ce oaks he ee 615, 930 Guadaloupensé.ocee eee eee eee 825 
NS POPATH OS RRO EEOC TE MER Gioia Oe Ie 928 OUP tee Ae Ss One te eee 604, 932 
itt amsespoe eartiekee oe oc once 624, 927 Nartwecianum ose eieeeee hee eee 605, 929 

1 DRONA HOM OG. CNG SORNA EEG Ie CI OOS 624, 927 Weller < Seis oo ccs, o ofala ei aloleroihoree Gio ae Eee 930 
DICDRATRODN ULL ea eae oe 609, 927 hemicrypulin ae ae ee eee 928 
DIOG Gettin ener hore esau ed 612, 927 heterophyllumeee cee eee Lee 927 
DOSCIATIUME «oe: sath ree ee eee 599, 623, 927 RUTSUEUTIVG 5 CA eae ne eee rac 932 
DI COCHUGEU TU ets at le Hote ise 933 RUMAUFUSUITED ociohs eons Desoto CELE 854 
DIU TN CUT tM es: ore OE OLE 927 hy drop hala oye orecorccic ee lere oleleretere etal 622, 929 
DUCKLEUCIUUL TDS ote eee ee 605, 929 CNCONEUM cece ead as tree ee eee COL 932 
DUES es 5 a ce 608, 932 ENR MNES Soto sioicls cle Rone soe Ce 928 
CACSPILOSUIM ep eiepe:rcac a ceeptee eee 612, 927 UNPLOLUIMN 2 eis oie Oe eletetae Ge ee 933 

longifolia ee Oe ene 927 UNODS sooo iesaletes avshaene sua cue ter eee eee. 928 
COIMLDESETE tegen ene otata arte eie tentie ea eee Marte 931 MOION Ge skeet vine Bn OEE OLEe 928 
COROLENULTULLNU es tet cie) ete ee ae ede ete 856 intermediumys 97ers ee ee eee 621, 929 
CRUDIMOAT Wns os en ere 609, 927 UNECTTU DELI Core, ccciese oleate Ree OE EIOe 927 
CHEDICA Re crete cero ee ee 929 USCHNOCAULOM ne See tone one eee Cee 930 
CRAM CNSE mee ee cc ene lee ees CI ae eo 856 earneyts oh. asec ce eis CO Oe 619, 930 
Ciligtatolimmee ee eee ce eee 608, 927 Kentuckyvenseneurdicn ane eeie eeeniei 930 

DRCUTTOLIALING he tne oe 927 Kleineanum ccc Sone See EE Eee 933 

CUSYDRULUULM ie iets ee cL ee 932 Koleomodumms, fko.ca se Ce oc leoe eee 930 

MAUNRLERDERDIas sake tee ieee ieee 931 LACVE ens cis ore oessee Sele eee Gan Ee 615, 929 

SURCINUVCUNU Se ielese ol 2 sie Bee 932 aliissimunm ae ene eee 929 
CULLOLU TIVE Pee oe oe Rose eee 928 angustifolium. «a+ eee atic eerie 930 
CULLUL ETT MEM a aero cee ae 611, 930 VIS Act h Sie ea eee ALICE 5.0.0 5 Oc 930 
Gin Culare’er ore eons ee eens 618, 927 OTevtfOlTUN OSS Viarse islet ce eee 930 
COMLDRESSUTIU A ACTA Racca len oe 825, 983 CUP CULATE oc sckotn ccteve ceroleheloleh cea eEee 928 
CONVCT LU er ea EO ce Ce 927 floridanum...... g de erereke Slouchoueteyeheeter ae 929 
CONG SAL UMN e Meee c eres 615, 928 DiLOSUIMN: B.Sc hee oor c en ee EE ei 930 

DAU ELOTULNU ARE a. EE eT 928 UNGULOSUNY. cc/a aicicislecie sense inet eden 930 
CONVEXUWIM sees ieee ee es 599, 623, 928 Lacvigatumis «ss vee eee pee . 929 
CUDENSECEe ar TE ee oo, Te ee ene 889 laevighuime: tia swe) ore eee 605, 932 
URUSIGK ODL Dab tn bid OOS Bion Ob 6 BAB OOO OuS 930 Lanatumse cost COREE LEE 928 
CUMOSUTOLO CS a eine ener 959 Lange cosers (reece Steves tele Rin eee 611, 930 
actylon ee rene ee Raley ee 849 Vaniginosim:.. oom cicero eee 930 
CASU DAY LAINE een ae eee 932 VORraNagatis ics oon en POLE 615, 932 

LOTAOATILIN es vee ev ce eT Mee 983 Laticulmumicn.|. ots cine aeieiheion OCG 825 
Gebilemeray scree re aati etiam 607, 928 Latifoltrurn ss 0 sick 2 acswcc.oss ele openeteenn Sonor 927 
OTE RIS Brey aR AAA RONG UR Rar URE athe BEY 8s 927 Ed) hes RGM AR SSN mGid Od td dic 612, 930 
eCUWMbENS arama cive ec oie ue ee cee 931 lLamanckianumn aie. see einer 930 
EDU ESSULTIUIN Auiton ic echanst tice eto ee 825 Lécomteanum... ide ccmhie sod hn Eee 929 
Gidachyliumnna acne re he Ee 933 Nenticularé sA5.2 5 csincs corte ove ee IIE 931 
GUfLOTTNE) eres eee Cohen 619, 928 lentiferunes, ties). see veneer 619, 930 
Aigelaniaare eee oe eee 826, 928 VEDEOS Sa aciererctens’are avavers’ eave cis cSienieieeetoeetetere 931 
GtOttLAtum eee: hte ke i ee 854 Leptostachytma. acca cece cee eeeites 932 
dilatatumme sen eee ee ee 599, 615, 928 leucochelum... sien cece. one cee 933 

decumben San ae ee CL CELE 928 LETC ATE 25 oc coe 0: sue cials erelniole o etove eRe rere 927 

DATVUPLOMIUN Urn te ee eecl ree eee ioe 932 lividtme:s 3. ciiie cn wee cen eee Ooo 605, 930 

RACCRATUTENILNU Mri ae ten ee 928 longepedunculatum. 1. «ee ccr cteretrereiel: 606, 930 
dimidiatiumun oe ccieee  one 928 Longiciliwme encase ahh oe Cee 620, 929 
Gissectum ema ee ee 599, ool, 928 Longiflorwms% sacs encores spehisr eee ee rte 855 
AUSSECLUTIU A ents SCRE eee ee 10328 Kongipilumeeccninccinociceeeriee 615, 930 
distachy onscreen era LONGUSSUMUM : Ad ceca oohersiele lee ee ee 928 
distichumeeraae ore erie 596, 599, 603, 098 MGACTOSPETINUIMaiaicnc. cic ie crorehotcre sinters eter onenrens 929 

Gigitarza aa bees ake eee 929 malacophyllume cn vocleiereisieteielers ere eiienere 626, 931 

ODOT LR Ren OSE OORT Oo OME ee PON OS 933 MNATTENAELIN: acc stnioie te tecaletohole terse lerePore rere rere 931 

PASPALOESs a ene 929 MMEMUTANACELIN ios oe cide cose oeemoinieleicleieke . 928 

LTASLACRIULNUAA AE eee 933 MAUCRAULIATUIL Macc ba elon cnn nee 929 

VAGLNALILTU ee een nee 933 VULLOSUND Sc. bc wn oo eee care Os PERLE 826 
AKUMMONdi ee 928, 930 MALATE 6s occ cine cs aie nian bane aoe eer 930 
GUD VMN A roe CO ee 928 MAULLOD CUI Sg. 0 aissciene cc cle cinverea eater one 930 


C PUSUN tae sere cere CEOs 898 TOAATNUIS iad cence a cea he eho ao ahcvoreie ainsi tenons 606, 931 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1037 


Paspalum—Con. Page 
TAOMOStACIYAITIN Ge) sere ialie eleva el eveiolateccnsnells 611, 931 
MLONLEDUCETUSE Mer i ieioie siciels aiele Shere 1 Ur fore 931 
MUCPORGLVLIOS 9 0D BO OD DUUCOODO ODD OO DC 602, 929 
OUONTHOTR Gob 00> BOBO oD OOO G00 G0 Boo oS 608, 931 
COO OPTTMC GOO OGD OO OOOO COM DOO RDO Oa 931 
MVALL TOS SS Hetatartecs Tavtareiieren cue iatedeiedalods eile Mea te nies eee 929 
MU C OLAS ae eee eset nue a cea heres 621, 1000 
VO UACUT este eieveneney ousliel acces gus aiaie akebehan ones cs 605, 931 

LRA OPUE Do Oro Oaho Dio ADDO hao OO ia 931 
BAUTA CWE Ae ay arctan niavational ih siete exoasene 606, 931 
ONCOL AMPS ele Porcel aiies rate, Mss bese Gere aa eile ce 930 
ONL NOSE RARER ee T ARES Sloe toeeNac a Gea ETO eee 931 
COVED esi be SCSI OR Nee ORR RCO ROC EL Tea 928 
GRAODUORM Occ booubodovonobadoe 608 ot 928 
DATVULOUULM air te. a toier bls (hata ereiete sieee ane 932 
PON UCULOLTIVATOS Aa ao bh tarevaevaicoa ters snare Gettin 929 
paspaloides........... aie ei Face bes Ma 826, 929 
DHL DSO ctr c ots oe OOD OOO OCR ae 826 
PAUCISMPICALIIMMeIsie sales oie eee 604, 931 
(MOMVACUMITOR J MOM oO AO Roo OOo oD OOOO 931 
LLU re. EP OR eile eae haat gah ees 931 
MI COUNCULA TCR ees a sucraeG ren ela eG a eee 928 
THON UV OUMUTU Asie Creiatots Ca fe Goudie he ates eens 932 
DUGLCTUS CHE Cie ORR ENE aa. 6 8: bie bus aa we eae Wala ler eye 928 
AD EUCOLVOT ER GCE A adele AAG RIO pee 825 
(A NOREDIOKTNIG (Paco Ohl WAM RO Stee RR ee 825 
FOUND OMNI c BAG 6 LOO OE Se 831 
FU MOF OULU Os sob & BRO CoE ECE Caron meen eee 615, 930 
MlEOStac yume weet wees eeeliela's sirein eos 612, 931 
Dlicatullm seat siete see wes ke Men eyhae 621, 931 
OURADOMPOTH OA HrcA disc. Bae RCRD ALOR Ceo ae 1000 
WIVEALIN ES CONSTR eatin shoe rote acaraele: wee eeeae 931 
DIICAALIN UA eR Roe ee ARG cia mic te PU te 931 
DOLGELUT Te PE EEE ener cies bs, woes a s0lavn sae laa e 927 
DEACCOXH arte ccteke Welgpiaese oes tees 619, 931 
CUTLUSTONAUTE Ps cube bc a eee eee eee 930 
(ROAD GOMOS S00 So Geo NG OM RIC RN eo 619, 927 
PLOPMIAGWUIMe Me ee Pisce sh cleus se ose 609, 931 
PLOSURA CUM eee oes hake ste setera aieveds) sec UN ces 931 
PsamimnOopail wim ss sees Sis ceee se Pe eae 608, 931 
(OWIOSHGSIAS: oid Ops vicromeo'd o amino eniaCneea 608, 931 
AU LEOET GU ae re a a ts Fe ee aie 931 
PU MOUTH egress cpa coat cca cw «alka eee 604, 932 
Palos USOT 5 ob ooo. Gan IS Ieee enc eae OIC 599, 604, 932 
GLU CUTTER aie ee is os Wie ae hls 932 
OP COHD SE 8 &bs5 OOS CO EE oe IS 932 
j OH OUGAOOUNL Odo Oo 0 BIG. CHOON Oe Oe Ena aitcetacie 872 
G DUH HD GAVULO 580. 0-0: 0.0 0- CIDER ORO MOL AD OL 929 
DUNE ULTOUS COTS er ci ie os cecilia Sy seek wilela law eens 927 
PAGSINOS UMC Gh atc Uae Ol Cm Oe eclo nice oIe 603, Bee 
PROALUBOSOUD o Bo: G. 6-.0 UO ODL RES ROE ORC 
(AUCATOOWNOSYTOSS. 6.0.0.6 0S co oldsao ARlo OUD Oe ele ae 
FELD PUGH UG a Gao o's b Bcd Goa Hull OR I ee UALS 826 
rectum var. longespicatum................. 931 
OUT ON DUKES. 6.0.5 0.6 b OB EDO OO EAE Oe Aico oor 933 
remotum var. glabrum ........000000ec eae 932 
PGMs 5 0.6. 018: SK Oe ee 932 
POT TA His 6 Soe dad bso 0 AON A ERS PTL EEA ee 928 
TASPOSTSI A 4 odo o-o aslo cea aos cA Ghee ic ee eee cenen 602, 929 
TE DLLTUS Ea RTE eee fo elas catia ems 933 
PME DIRGEOSWTOG 6.9560086b CUOMO AOU OtOS aE 930 
TASTCAMOLIUMM NAG Gre eos Ain kc ie eels s 610, 932 
SOULCTUS CHUAN PPI I) San 0 wa oi ehasle is -sueiataalviene se 931 
SLTUGULETUDL Ce nC abies we oile ekeienehs s aict wie» oi 855 
saugetil...... 3 do ote oa Iatae a eA Ee 613, 932 
RTOs sb oS Abc Oba eT Oe Eee 931 
SOG OGLD < 53 560 5. Co koe a Ee 929 
SCobiculatwmly eters see cicccle clsnel v2 eee 623, 624, 932 
SAMO 6 6-56-66 b On 6 OOO oe eee 928 
SOPUCCUMD.'s 0 620.6 6.0: did 8.0 BOUL aa eS a Oe 872 
SCOLUILUTIU ME eae ARTE ee lede ce Gites eke 855 
SCUACCUTINM EME usme ss Detie lente aah cuaphlas 607, 932 
COLVESCEN SHE EE CT ohohe 2 Goatees 9 
CHAM OU DTD 3 & ds 06S OOD OLE ORL UES 927 
longepedunculatuMm........cce eee eeee 930 
SUFDUTUHIO ooo, Bol ong, OD STOO ERR eee lies 932 
SOMOSOMGs 0 5/5.6.0 lO. oS EEE eee 612, 927 
SOUR D >. 6.0.6 4 Oe 5 OS Cee eae 611, 931 
SOMO 3.36 CO. LORIE OLE Oe COE 927 
SKU PATTOOITN Geo occas Coss OR eee eas 608, 932 
SUOMI ee et he we cet ak aioe esha vapeoratee 607, 932 
SUPOUMUULD S bio 600 kd Can COO ES eae 983 
OPO ORO DOUUTOR. & 0 oO Oe ORO Oe Baile a oe 931 
GORGE D3 Nis. > oD a Oe eee 619, 930 
HODIVHED A 6: 8 eo Ca ELE OT OE en ae 928 
CCNGGISST MIDE BB 6 Foe OOO OR Ose 
CLUES SRP Oe OO oo 928, 930, 931 


Pasture grasses.... 
NOS lel S82 2302320274 27a ok loos 
341, 503, 569, 595, 599, 615, 695, 773. 


Paspalum—Con. Page 
COR ATNUITICR TA iar a ee LR eel ber 622, 932 
EL USEACNUY ON cane Ronee aR ne 825 
ERUSE@CTU UUM pera tone toreeteiess tole elace os hee 933 
WICAUL EU IN eu ane enemies oe EE 931 
UMGULOSTETIVR eRe ie ee are ay eniee ys ere on en meat a 929 
WUHAN so ggnoduodoouDGODGGELe 4s 610, 932 
Larval Sipe reece a svete an ss arekereieneicneie 599, 615, 932 
NASA OREN COU 0 CUM en ee slivirg gary leet Puig Ab rarrstealine nN ccialicn 603, 933 

NANUIN HE Re aiietioe Manele Eee 933 
DUDESCENS HH rrcveiolece dle alee NRC 929 
PEVUNAROLCS ey a ny ee Ee 933 
VAG UIUC Tenens cnt hme eal ee een ae 928 
VUSCY CALM Vite pereiape linia aie emelaes eee 615, 932 
NATH UONTO sles: Gah WORE cot nee OA Aa is aes 932 
UULUOSUS SUNIL Ieee ee ee ie ier 928 
DULLOS WIT Net enon ae REE oREE nee 873 
VAT SACU Rare Mein Sun ean ein 621, 933 
COUT U aaah a eacllea tee bee oc. carla ee aia Re 933 
HOUCTUUNTAN UTI Rear er eae eer Te 933 
GTO) OOH OPA Bie ee ai sare oR RDA pee meal’ 983 
OH ODOT GES Be clG OCA BS BALE DEG es cod & 933 
DATVULOTUN Ue ern eee iec Te ee 932 
IUD IPLOTALTIU Mei Lae ee ee 932 
JOUER OVEMORIXA Mo iG pad 6 tholo 0.0 dob oro e-tle pib.b 927 
SERCINMIVELL TET eee 933 
AVVAMULALULTIU Me ton eno ee ee 931 
WWUllEdeTOWIANAUMNaia mole clele serene ee ae 933 
DET OGL TINEA Jon r. once Sirah Mees A Ean ese ede 927 
VATS GI es aie eee OR ee ene Ue, 613, 933 
AD ALE Rae ie sve tanec Ieee ec 928 
AWALECTLANALIU Rica Nee Coe ee RO Sd 928 
NUCH Oss oo obo oD nD nO Ddbbo.ooe bbb 0.00 4 927 

Paspalum .<Combsiwsen cee eee ee ee 606 

DBAS GS tse cee lean Si iain ia on atea Umit een 599, 615 


2, 31, 38, 58, 67, 68, 74, 100, 106, 


PuERAbbersOmaplueonass ir eyes Maeno ois eo caccachenenee een: 129 
Paurochaetium, subgenus of Panicum.......... 636 
Bearlomillle teen ee ee ee WN ua, een a 727 
Pedicellata, group of Panicum................ 673 
Renicillania spicata se eee ee. ace ee eee 727, 933 

OPO MOCO T Resa sia Cocca OOM RE OIE bis eee 933 
Bern Se Gurnnie eitess eevee seeks, ave sae ses 727, 933 
allopecunoidesmacusrcacisieens os ae 730, 933 
GlONeciunoldess Wo mniaeh ieee nice ee 934 
OHA PRU EL OLIS: Gp OES CLO OO OO ILE Ok OO ES 934 
CLITAT GE eee tucesonraih sien somata eda posite ceeoeee rane 730, 933 
clandestinumpee wie ee eee eerie 729, 933 
(XO ROY SOREL Og Bare CeO Ui Ce ONT OE OER 6 Budies C0 0 949 
WT AUSG LLU ie alesse eutercieste peat ikae NOR TE 858 
CRUD ESCENS das tee ee eters Yanahesele see aile ke eee 934 
ULV ESCEMS Ic sii statee eter soe eae ae aie Eas IE 934 
GENUCUlLALU Meee On ee 949 
GERMANUCUTU ON ere eee ee 951 
Bla WM CUMIN er cacalencrsee hs avevo renee eee 727, 933 
DUTP UN OS COTS pe ede veiucleneperetels) «1 Aone 983 
RAMNULONU aks a ee 934 
RU SULUT ig Go ALL Ts EE 934 
UUAUCUNUN AT DUT; DUTASCENS 2. seic ce eee 934 
BE AUUC UTA hee area ie cece ae ae ere 951 
NOR ONNA TOR ATH TOO Wa Bhs an eecern Hig ERA ae eh LE aE 950 
hatiboOlitamay Ae eee cutee ee 730, 934 
Longistylimen nec en nate 728 
CLAN GEStINN Ea eee 933 
MAacrostachyumemasvae es eects ee 730, 934 
ANY OSUTOUVLESI startet ono ro ee 844 
MISLVOSUIME ity oaneis ect eiene ieee ehraneiale ereleanahe 728, 934 
TUVCORAGILENSE LE ree ee ee 934 
DALAT SA eR 934 
DULTUG CTUS MA Weed lg Soe UNEASE 844 
UU DURASCEMSE eireke eionin isola 934 
POUL PURE UIM aii seceie ape uenoeeere veplonle aha teeen ates 727, 934 
TPUCRANGU Pycninedcboms roan ocean 934 
PUD DELIV er eee ea ele ora ieistiaas eie: 729, 934 
SCLACE UMA MESS sscialeie) lene oneateions 727, 729, 934 
SOQ LOSI Ee ayes etataresjanetavte. couple omuueepneenes are 727, 934 
ESI OY ies ae eas hen oe FM pert aa PSP Ep ace 934 
SDUCOLUTU encase near h LOOR eRe 933 
OYOWANDaneconbocouabous dovdo6 727, 934 
SWARLZ Ui ietede cule reiecedetacs Piet RO Ne Me ee 953 
CYUPNOVA CLT ee ero ioe 727, 933 
ROO OP UM OA oh Bere O Ee EERE Dione) oOraIER TH Do Chao OSD 934 
VETEUCULOLUINE rotten Pesala Le LO 953 
ViAlVOSUUTTI ae ileal iaceneoe 727, 728, 234 
UPON AS ty Aine rap ger A an ay a RN AS NE Ee ASU 
Pensacola strain of Bahia QLASSE aeeN Vas as 
IPentamenvSiQMenucana@rah eerie ain 850 


1038 INDEX 


Pentameris—Con. Page Pholiurus—Con. Page 
COLELOT VIC) oz ate cto lare: inte otevoyal s cioteters Cee coeiote 850 PANN ONICUS. « s,6..5. dcigcic se sae ee 927 
COMPTESSE (Go. sic Oa eiaee Cae kc ae ORE: 850 Phragmites’... bce csisconiitieoe hee ee 190, 936 
ODUGS si oo ea a: cyanide ve lol chthortelavele ets aicletefortamneets 851 berlandtert iaicic c<ccwsarae esses COC Oeee 936 
ANE CT INCU. 5 soce 5 bye): avons tavchdye) slo's oleieinre sit Chee 850 COMMUMNISS y5-00 se Nels oeiaie Lea ee 190, 936 
SOGICEU AE crore te clesnta tole Ge b etehe hie cee oe ee 851 berlandtenis oes sociation eee 936 
SDUCALG Saar fo oreve ino niovone eretlalsieranelentetenskerae 851 TODOS «..<.-0.0i\0's s'ls'oie » oye. s-3, nioia/e/o «PREIS E NOTTS 984 
PHATINGLE sso her chchnccs ei Oe 851 maximus var. berlandieri............0000. 936 | 
MNASDICOLG 52 ccc se isha cinhe oo bias, Binns oie eteteoneitote 851 DRT AGMAUES © asco nchavea ae Ee 190, 936 
Rerennialorverrass:coyioete soe oe Oe 275 DULQATIVS io sis s clesaneaioic « cian On ee 936 | 
Reruvianswintererass.... ssc ictee cre cris clea icles 55614) bhyllostachysae- ee eere en eee 29, 936, 995 
IPHalavideaeccwrsre os ore cust ataseteals slate tuoi tae 23, 547 BUTOD . sieieic.s. cies 30-15 Qeteereion tebe e eee 29, 936 { 
TE ENG oe & OHS Sin od Gy ORO rE EA os aoe 551, 934 bambusoides')-13- eee eee 29. 936, 995 
LLIVETUCAIVG Rent sue oP os cke\ e901 6:4) elieVti ov ectiere, teeters 935 Pas. Aas see hee sib ke bere lee ee eee 779 
DiCLOS OL LR ee ee ee 930" | Pine’bluegrass.5.2%... os 226s «ace eee 134 
Gmethy stings ace os se aves eee 935 muhliyns cee aces. cx. e ceroc oe Oa ee 404 
BMMODRUGW i he oe ae EE 811 Pinegrasse.s. 0" yet sine eee 75, 3138, a19 
ANSUSLAT Rete eevee oh eo ee ee 554, 934 Pineland!three-awnka.. os.) ceo 478 
ATUNGINACEA SAAMI ee cee 555, 934 Pinyonricererass. 21... eee eee Eee 445 
DICta wer Sk ees See 556, 935 Piptatherum mexicanum. .. 22.00 cccecscccece 936 
VATLEQGLE A oc Rete eae ee 935 MAVACOWING se 5:55 «sooo EE OE Eee 910 | 
ASPET ETN ee oe CE ee 936 NALQTUM vroiciosars the oe 5 OO ee Ee 910 . 
CUICULOTISE SR REE Oe hs ee EE ORE 935 DUNCLOLUIME i Sa eciclee 0 oS cis ee ae ee 872 
Della ie rt ok tise cae orate a eae 936 TACOMOSUNE oc sic «Soe ehaieloe ee niente Cee 910 
brachystachyse sees csi centers 552, 935 Piptochaetium... cee eee eee 443, 936 
bilbOSa et ike. orn fear ee 556, 936 QUENACOUS-..Fic,0 s Sac Pas oiioieeele Mee ee 966 
Californicaeeeas tases oe eee 555, 935 fimbriatum..54e ce eee OO ee 445, 936 
CANATICNSISM eles lle e ee Dolmaa2; aoe CONSUME rercisva on evenc oro ree Ee 445, 937 
DIACRYSLACRYS aa hese the ee eee DTUNG CU ys hak oe ese oe ee 968 
Caroliniana Meee ove cere eee 552, ose setifolium; 427: fav okien eco aon eee 445 
RUSDUDOMER a eV he Se Oe .. 824 Plains bluegrass)... o200.6.0 eaere aoe nee Cee 115 
BIULETITIECALG en Re ee Pe ee oe 935 ristlegrass.:. ii. coke te ieee eee 721 
GILG USL Ws Worcs el Retr oittest ae mere 934 LOVE2TASS os.5 Acc cette se ee eee 160 
HST OLIV ects oa TER ROSS PES Grice ONG CONS 934 MUAY. 052s saaseactee See oe Oe ee Oe 386 
MULCROSLACR YOR eee eee eee 935 Teed erassane eee BA Wd Spar aictw ay ole ste TOO 318 
iE 4 Ae hy A eC EER Eh ae 9340 || 7Rlantiniaial pina). oe eee ee eee EEE nee 936 
Vemmonimees aati coke e ance eer. 554, 935 OS DET DE rakis ices a Sl ee ELC 936 
PUCOUICLLI See aie 5 x0) - ok hee) stare ke ere ie ore oe 934 BY UK 7 Oe MOO DCO TDO SO 50.0 007554 936 
UCU SOUL LUIS oO REE EL DOGO TA FOO 811 Pleioblastus:..4s00 esta ee ee 29 
TACT OSLAC OPIN ce eco 935 Rleopogon setosume.. eee ee Lee 894 
INT OL a ae eh esos oa eee ee 552, 935 Pleuraphisyamestvst eee ee 489, 884 
OCCLCENLGLUSR eon os Se ee eee 935 ATUL CO «See Aer palc a en Oe 489, 885 
OUUZOLLES Sy ys ecko. ooo, Ae orc Pes croton PCE 889 UO SCRA ATIA ACB Ut Gig.0 oo! 90'S 6.05.5 489, 885 
DATAGOXAee Moda cites 3 5 eos eRe eres 551, 935 SCRUCED, cis aievehoie nstonie, si) eich ROE 884 
PLAC OLSA here Oe «evr ece shat ererereel eerste 551, 935 Pleuropogonsscuies ew eee 94, 937 
DT CEMON SO atte os, or aiene Siete) Lehre are eee 935 CALLOrNICUS Sess ois ro a ee 97, 937 
SCULUUVENLUCTLLALG ate oe eke er se 808 GaWYES oa croeit oe a eecle oaa ee 97, 937 
SCLO CEU eae Na ooh octet er ala rele etree 934 GOUGUASU0 . cxeushsv ete Came toe eee 937 
SLEMO DRY LLG gen alae s crn svar tote eh etohs lakes 556 Nooverianusse. cases ee eee eee 97, 937 
SLOTLO DUET, a margaret care Serene oe eee 556, 935 OLELONUS). ocs soe seco ee pie cael pe eee 98, 937 
SULDULALG Rar erte NPS ie ee eT Eee 936 TELPACtUS i) oi. «545s heer he ere Oe 97, 937 
GLO aie ob AOE SABE eens are 3 OR ae Ara © 936 . ROOVETLANUS . 15 o05'2\s casio /o1 sts «ores ne 937 
ETLULAIUS SPE ese ore eee 935 ||) Plicatula, group of Paspalum. =~. 22... - aes eser 621 
GU DErOSA res recs caste thee ole iets Gieterets eRe 556, 935 PIUMESTASS.. Soon boas Cons Sie AD OLE Ee 743 
SEN OPtELA crawled ayacis Severson ere 556, 935 Dentea wanes 5 5 «<5 o\cre icrsialerohebneuse eke ko verrne 744 
ULTEUCULOLG Sete EIR eae a snc ie eeeee nie oe ere Pe ehe 811 TLATLOW:.,< ce shares o- seier dlc sreiemeinie ea eee 743 
COLTS Or AER DROS eo a 818 SILVER. ch cisceusieln ciclo aE Cone 744 
ZUSONLOUCS ston Aes So hee ee 979 SUZATCANC oes so bo. eo eeecien oa eee 746 
PZROLOTORECHI NAL. Cee eee 849 OB aro shone sence 5 aye Shs crete ee ee 99, 937 
EARANODYTUNY GUMMOCOR DON... sss seers cls eekeleke ne 917 GQOYSSINGCO Noe. ci awe ee oe 870 
IPNATUS eye shee cele eo ene ahs SE ee 567, 935 ACUMIUNGLD. 2.20533 cctete cintone ikoe  ee 943 
MA tiTOlIUS 3, ctcte te hee ree ee ee 567, 935 ACUI GlUmMiS .c. 0c aoe COE 944 
DAahvitOuus. ee eee ee 567, 935 Bestypales ei eee ee ee oe 937 
PND pSlaea te eis ee his ON eee ere 354, 935 QUOD ES. nich AoE te ene oe 844, 945 
BIPIG AL Necies oa eae ene Oe ee 354, 935 CITT ee ee ee TA SP ee 5 5b’ d '5.c 983 
LOTION Oe Ree) ese Gee 936 QUOD ia5 os os RS, oe eee 941 
Ted ATC Oe ieee ty ee a Ie Oe Dow Oe os ea ce 367, 936 DHGtAG ca cers cde. Seen Ieee 936 
GLODECUTOLAES! = 2c0) Ae cheno. toe clot eee 882 CON fy Teenie eee aenan sve oie Bio dco toto 6 937 
a DIN UI eee ae ee ere 367, 936 al PIN Aye Cras cle rondsve loc 100, 128, 937, 942 
QMENUCANULI ne een eee eee 936 MENOT saeie oid ciate o crece oo once COOL 937 
SCTLONEMIANUT ace eee ce ee cee cere 936 DUPDUTESCENS = <c «oie oisis oo see 940 
ATCNATLUM cerretey Mote sees Se Ee 367, 936 alsodesiaine ai en eee. cee Cee 117, 937 
AS DETTE: Aoteictaicte honors cas seo 936 QWOUPLE s. ocre casdie bis sieeve sso Saye 944 
Dellar dustin ete ee Le ee 936 BMADUIS fo. oleic Ceo ot Soe cw ee Ee 865, 870 
DulbDOSUWINEe oo ewicnie oe ee ee COO ate 936 QIMDIGUG® 5 oJswaraclera o> cies Ooi oti ee 97 
CTUTLULLTI en ee ee RES ee Oe 945 AMplaeis [eco eae chee Oe 100, 138, aoe 
ROCTUCEANUNY Wee loan .cl cis aoe ee ee ee 936 ONAIUNGS «6 0s, 4 stevaye oe oishele Sve ols Bie Eee 
MLOTESDELUCTUSEs ptm es a eee eee 945 CLON GGG sacs Le wakes cee oe 330 
MOGOSUTUM AL DIALEMSE snes oan ceils cee 936 MAI OT crore crore oats ose s Choro erel tere 940 
Dpaniculatumlae. yee races eer 368, 936 DUT DUCA Scie. s,s os ee ele tease 938 
DEALEDSE So nee snr eee een eons 367, 936 CF At er Se IOSD OD Ud 005.0 c 940 
ALDINE ee 936 ONGUSEALE «i. 50:2 arcs ete eis sions ote erorone ee 946 
MOGOSUIMD VM sicte See ere See reer 984 ENGUSUONIG: ois Acs ow oveielort canoe 943 
SCROCNOLGES iMesh che a en ee 882 ANNU oso < cesses | okies MTOM one 100, 106, 937 
Subulatumayecereserva teak eer 368, 936 LIVING IAS CO ODAC o 937, 984 
LEMUG Me Sate coat eel at alet a asec cou cl Soeveneve ota etate 936 TEDLANS SMO idee tees Melee Ee 984 
IPROMUTUS Ee reir ete Cee hed eee OR at ate 277 TigtdtvUSCUlA...<- ceinselo ce een Oe 937 
ATUCUTVOLUS)s .< aia = ain ny 0 0 tir wine wiwinisipie fei eieiehnias 926 SEPUCED Sho oh ca eres Ob oie ee ose OCT 938 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1039 


Poa—Con. Page | Poa—Con. | 
aquatica Var. AMETICANA.... 1... e cece ev eaee 880 CTO QTOSLUS een ae Ne ce toate 868, 869 
arachniferamnis .cc0 cc coe as eres 100, 106, 937 TASCUCULOLD eye ke mined easels Gea auth sleceua tele 946 
UG GO OREO BOAO tore Ooo ee 937 fendleriangas.e ee een 100, 126, 940 
ALCL CAM rea Seneleie ai sicies scar iuede secs 100, 116, 937 Co Ko RARER ee re a aa (ea otReer EE . 938 
CRRA ROBO NOO SERCO OOOO OOOO 943 OTVUZON LCA Bie ag Ais) Soot ara ae seereaans . 940 
CATR Favs 5) Cis Biya Ne CH aE TA A 100, 115, 938 J ALTUCUT OVE, veritas ue aie eee Ai a UO Retentte 941 
CQRULTELU NO COUT IL ET es never as 972 longiligula SAG MUO a Act nG IPEne Aare AEN SNA 98 942 
BLTOPULPUTCA hcg 5 os rsrs eave a cice wteiel seaitey chs 109, 938 BDUCOLO sieve) siseneveheiake suis Ieee toons seu okenensvelens 940 
AUPMINM ALIS Hees ork aoe ere ere 127, 938 fernaldianas cece onc ceccibe tie 129, 940 
TOU LESEC A Re ie ohare e OR dems Ten rekon 943 SP ESEUCOLE ES! oaicasiw el ncie. a ce sievoare on Ghentonke 875, 878 
DISCOV ary akin a alee oonelo als 100, 104 938 filo ra tance coca ras aha ont clone aneronerencte pecans 109, 940 
bolamceringise eis ceo we cian ornlovainisraeavces 4, 938 TAD GIS POGUE ODO OOre Coo anGo .131, 939 
ANG AES OO a ae 938 SG AER Ra en RPS mei Te ay Maa Pi Sire tan 972 
LDA LID SG MAREE OCR RNS Ce OR eee 941 PLE LWO SCT Sarat e ka TONE STS 938 
BONY s [08s eH OE RE OOOO ONG Tne 941 OCCIDETLALUS  iaechese Sere ral sie ne Ce ores 943 
ORAS. 5 ae Ra Sere ORO O ne aoe cen eae 856 TOD USES re or Gide) Ora av aller ota val oa OTe) Sas ToPSR ON ohne 943 
NOTRE OG Cato LO a CO Ee cinta ae 946 PULLS OSS irere ee ete ake eee Tr 879 
OGRA OM aRAO DE Ol oo Area het aaee eee DONC OT Go coca 875 GLADTESCENIS Ay cc eis retelisbotere oti cbae a rare atone 937 
BLOCH QUOSSA RE emir o Store coc co ee) a ake 138, 941 PAU CAB eee oye es one once mien EI 128, 940 
DRACH Phill Gees pees es eae cle. 6 bs ois el sie eae 115, 940 COLES ates Ca rae Chore Oe eee 940 
BROWNED CUM eg Wer un sone cuz Sol UueNoleuegetedcialehere 942 CONS OTE ee OS racine te <a acento tan ohehsrehonene ecete 984 
(DRAB ALM UOR es Carts eae car Gc Ree PA eee 939 Loxciusculateens niece ein treks 984 
(RDO CCH CH Mino So ciate oo COD OO DOD OOOO 940 COCALO See ianeosieta She rane Te ee ee eats 943 
ALD GUO Cree hares 0 Set soseealiousss os Svea salah s 940 GLGCONtNG sree ae rn hee 941 
DULCKICY CT am nean. cuss Ne ie i occa ward 944 SERLCELO TS eco a Seen eae So eae 983 
CLON GAL ae Wee SS alta sors nieeseniae 939 glaucanthated niin eee eee 129, 940 
SC TULD ONG UU ee aahee. Socio eeiisue ecco ousies Ste eer 944 GlauciHoliataaccre cls soles celeron 116, 941 
SLETUO DIVO Pe eR ene ocd -s,'6 5 5 Sel ai a lagialte ayers 941 GQLOMER CEC Bets es ean si re tines far cc EEAS BRIAR RE ISON 867 
Ibulbosabern es reel ice oh ice cwii es 100, 122, 038 Pracillimalecry.rs ites ai eee ene 100, 134, par 
DUS OURS 6 Gio Soca IO Mio BOOT OO 938 Gyehte ta aera noueer cre mace Game pe bcos 941 
COPWMCRT AOS 66 Sd cee OA OOS ae 972 WOKANGAIN I. 5 ocagnnbobudooD GOO NbOeDaE 944 
COWS 68S 66.60 PORN OOK A RIOR On eireS 940 LRA GHIA DER Care Ge Oo LOR yO OAMOROIH DND ANA 116, 937 
SUPAMOPS F Bo. oobi clon BOO DT Meee 983 TOTSEN GE ey xe ions eetcctancea casi avede ue nee che eRe 942 
CLM ORTUCOMT EOE RIS ed eh eos, Heol 938, 940 LD OMGR sae peo Ora ors Cio RNe Stone NPN S Oleeel SRL Oils 939 
CONS OMG 5 SESE Be BO ee Oe 938 ROTATE ae ea acres aE hoa ccs hes A 938 
COMMU. do BERG LONE RS CoO atone 944 TUT SUE ei aa eae ee Rae fcc Ts rd ne ay OT Ree 867 
COMUMIQWOS 5 ro 06 Ob Ob AS COCO ODO nE ee 938 STECLAOULUS ie onere Cel Otte os oe Te 870 
canadensis Sido Sos toe Oop OS Re ore 879 NOTMETUR Reeth eI, oe is RT 938 
CAIN 3 6 bb Gi OD BN aioe eee 100, 134, 938 howell Cee eters cel Te ee eae 104, 941 
capillarifolia Actdinidih Ges cy COE ORES cae nee 939 chardl enue iret eisserde oie ie eae) ee ienon a 938 
COSTUNGHIOS 6 010 0 bo bb Bono DOObe 866, 869, 944, 983 (WGA a go osooduonobondcuddo ous 941 
CODUGLUR ME ecane Hot Ra cia sIatate a ous sie er iaiecs 869 RYDPNOUES ee EE BO nc nr oon e 867 
OPUS « oh bilo 6 Boe ORCI OC nes 983 PACNOCTUSUS ai Ser eh Me hs sa Solo) obo DESL SUE TSReOe 939 
BFMSGs a9. 6:6 OBB O'S 6 -OB o e O aAne ona 938 COE RS Wet GRR SHON ois MIRE Ere eo Coes 944 
Chaixiierepeereure ee ers boas 126, 939 RIUPURTIUG I ear gern oaths cis ech IO 937 
Chapmanianarwas onecc mi ce ok css voce 105, 939 INCCTION Fe ruAce yeaa  one 100, 125, 941 
OOP W8 5-016 0 6.508 8 OD 5 OR OBOE AROS TOES 866 OLA RIN CLI SCR ORCC OOO CM OG Obes 868 
ARGOROPMONS G5 0 08 Se CO OOO DECI OOO 938 CUTIE OBL SpA CA ODDO GIO U Oe obo 941 
CHRIS Sob bas OOS Boe COO OE nn ae 866 AMV OlUtay erence ec house tala. ores evonaante 131, 941 
COMTI 56 668568 8 a ao CG ee nore 866 HUTTE Ola ererareeee ee eee ee eae 100, 138, 941 
COLORAAENSISHRGE TEER Ook oie. Cees een toleeis 941 IKE EUOCNSUS ee Ha oreo oko 878 
COULNUULEN SESE EET Lp Ta edo 942 KEM OG BIR as Se coorce ator actouancs Crees oeareeete 112, 941 
COMPFESSAme yn ee icrace Soa we ee 100, 106, 939 LETS CR ee on I er in Ge bg Bodin 883 
GEDUUNCTOLG EN He Ne oe alee 939 VACUSERUS Hr hear ole epeiciaucdedaiekes Goa 943 
SUDGTIFISS, 6.6 odio Gsontetiole Cina See Ee ere 939 LGEUUCUL TUS ec GEN «Cece RC 937 
CORABE 6 5 0 ov e805 COTO Me Oe 867 LQEDUG GEA Uti ean vd Url 134, 939 
OQOMMTING s 56.0. ceo a OO Hic Otte SCS 100, 108, 939 URED USER RSEE os aucl UTR EED «| aaa ot Oe 939 
COROLIBIS 6 6-86 R086 BON OD OTE ON re rea 937 LAMANRCKIWE seo eine ost eee 881 
COW Do.o 30.0 06 Db) OOD OS TOTES GET 939 Tame uid assis ccscain epersusetnets, 6 o oaueniname eben 117, 941 
CORCTIBs 30965 bb 6 cd oto MEE O En eee 942 CY: CAS eA Bat DO 0 RE RRS Pn 129, 940 
CTUSLALA Rae eer LR Cao ie oe Se bea 887, 939, 948 CHAU HIIO paper MOU se treat Es GialG dic 940 
CPOGH Bo 60 66 0700 @ 0. 0 BOD A RA Oe oe 94 Occidentalistmrmnin eaers 937 
QUIPBic'o Go 0 6 0.0 6 Uo Ono ECR EET 110, 939 LATOR EE. sos RCE eA Ce et OE Ge ee 875 
CUBGIOM Ap er Ree rake ocean eee RoR 137, 939 IE rab ako} we Rate oes Panett rire Eey Ae hoes 113, 941 
UPB Ms 6055 588000 8b GO AO ORD ee 867 Leck enbatincck Oren freee he elt ECE 
CUIGI SH 55 ow 016.0 660 oe ee ee 131, 939 ET OYe) tea b bare ere Te eT cl eka ORO emroMtO Te oa 133, 941 
OQUGI CENA. 55.5068 babes eee 115, 939 VEMIMON Gas eee RE 946 
CUSVOTID. 6.5 .5.3-5'6 oO Ca Oe ne CR a 942 Meptocomacy, 6 selsye alee, a ele aueteseruars 121, 942 
COPACUEIB 0 0.6.0 So OOO DOD Ee es 867 CLALVO Re eA Nahin OO ee 941 
UADHIOS 5 6 ais'o 6 HAO B.Oe ae ete 117, 941 (MALL Hat ie ESC PE EROS Go OOO GD 943 
COUMTORBs 6 0.8: ot Fb DOSE 944 Nettermanine cece orc se 133, 942 
CAGMIONGIB 6 6 0 bo 86 BS Sc SRR EEE eee 954 LUMOSA Te Peo eee eee 134, 944 
UAIRDEPULD 50'6:0'6 6b Cob BOe oS OR e 946 ARO} te RES RS Seine go UR aE ADA COS NIP rt St 881 
UFOSUERDBS 3.6.0.6 5:06 0 SS BO ee ap ee 937 UG icon cen a 869 
NAD 010 on 06 0.0 6 OS RR OL OTE ee 880 longepedunculata .< Wij sence eee 940 
CORGHES 6 S06 on DNS OO POLO ae 868 VUETUAESCENS eed scan rin ete eusde nO 940 
CORO.» ob 0 630 SOOO BE ee 937 llongiligulate cece coe oon 100, 127, 942 
CONGin.9 0.5 8.0.0.6 6 0.0 COMBA PEN eB IEE EIee eee 869 QYOMURGCTUSUS is ie eles cee ete eer 942 
COSTS 0 00 65 00 OS b OR DED RE RTE 945 Longipilas 2 she es Wace ha ete eee 037 
Gouglashte wren talaetig in sacs eon 108, 940 Liver a eek ake cee eas Eee 134, 939 
CRBoob nds 60d ob 8 Ore AO ane 948 VAG ONS eee teh BIO CO 867 
CHORE G8 oS bo OS ODOT ere 940 MACTAIt MA he eeaU een tao ete es 100, 107, 942 
AIGUTGRS6 5 08 Go 80.6.6 6 CBR Hee re 866 MaAcKoclad ayia oe eee » 94 
AIGA hoo. 0°05 OCs ne OO Le 866 TAT CIC air pa cers veins acne ee a 117, 942 
TOME 3 6 0 6 SB Oke. bab ee ee ee 938 MNATUELING stn a enna cuce ke Rey tee te 946 
HORTHR 010 Sis og 8.0 ob Dy SAD BRED Heer ene ae ALE OM SLAC Y Oiieus peel sjay tera claiaiariepelalatalterenetels 866 
CTUGLUSILU reap eT ee HE basa hegilad sleternlancis INCUECOUM ESE tis rater bike scan iee ora teele a OEE 976 


GIONS S, Clo BonGn eae ce eae 100, 132, a AMCLUC OMG said Cone cle ee oe CIS Ree 868 


1040 INDEX 


Poa—Con. Page Poa—Con. Page 
MACHAULUE sis, cielsvareinte-e.e/ccncele seo ee wae eens 856 SCAUTLL OMG. cies Sis ma an er eee ae 939 
ANACRONURG itt Siete eee toe eichs tre cae teehee leer 867 SCAOTAUSCULE. < o.cie cic owls wiclel islotels Sete eee 940 
MVOGOSEG cole so cle cleteio S Hiele nie eis ei caine Ook 907 SCODULOTUM 2 sacle ses ia ave oe ene 129, 940 
MONLANG savor tis oisieitie Ore Sic ACTeel ects svete ie aie eee 942 BOCUDGD a i5.a5: aise aielt oeveis ete ee hres 100, 134, 944 
MONLEVANSL sha crlcte scceretaatciaiete aero 133, 942 SENOLMNG Ss afore che bis Rae oo ee we ee 943 
TUUNAUCHULTS Sc Ae viste ic otastter Peele rae ee eee 983 SESLENLOUCES'. 2 \0 oiclee ood ate ots ce s/o ee 972 
MLULLTLOINGE << cvcjeyerc in clele Solel nidie cicveba ele oiske 134, 941 BesstlsflOra sic /.)s oc phe s bee Se Cee 979 
MADEMBIS scons c are estore ot eke 131, 942 ShRElLAONGs a Nv poe enn oe eee 116, 938 
MEMALODRYLLG siaie nrc cee hele saerae Aare 939 St ples is 'sizcis aaiee oveo eee kas ser 867 
MEMOLALS Mais Ole eee eens Glee 122, 942, 983 SNeECLADtl4tS <2 iz, cve evoihio. Nev alarsserele OE ee 870 

QUUUCOE A vetcrerssa din cisteitier nero eee 940 SDULLINANLS 52s; oscres: a/o 0 ws wiles ae Oe 939 
GLUCAN en cietenaiarcte hott Gar Tete 940 stenantha s seine cstevctere cj cctortonteloetere 128, 944 
ANLEVLON 8 oo eee ents es Oe ee 941 leptocoMa 2.3 oaccetss ee oe ee ee 942 
TUCTONGLUS eee isles ce ee 937, 983 StOLONTf ETO). <5. bck coe Re ee CEE 944 
MONLANG ecko ee ee eon ee 984 SETLALGD:. 5:5 tue ayes ea BRA ee Oe eer 881 
TCT VOLO Ea ay naka ernie aia. ee iacoue hava tious hie etree 881 SLTACED UNTPlOTA Sar 2/010 <cieaies soe Stee 907 
NEI, OSA ae err rolaee a caciseualalionshaveraer ds 100, 111, 942 subaristataie css <,ciase,cie atabele 0) occiaiete see 939, 983 
CRACY ON Rien aie ee eke ne ee 4 SUDDUT PUTED. = orc eno aek cE EEL 940 
MEVAGENSISs).feteterctehe’elolclore otoreteretelere!- 100, 136, 942 SUDTEMELO. as sissies Gees wre ee eee 942 
LR evi Gala As Maas oe esc heaton ee tens Ssubtrivialts's so cc.c.04 2a sie 2 hotel ee 941 
Leckerbyusminse ecm neers i eer 939 subverticillatas 3222 tee os eee pe eee 875 
MUTA taiase ies sioce Sieisib cuit ceinrereherctorete 867 SURSAONt eck ee EL Dee Cee 943 
TRI OST Aap tier rat PT MCRL TENE THOR RGSS BIC ase 944 SULCALG= Aico cave cine Oe ee 88 
MULLIS ee cra ccitisieic Soa eieieie sine rece 876, 983 BY] VESETIS Ss /. oi cos ce erence ese eee 120, 944 
TUULLLALLTAN ON ais, cies la eevee a sauce Caco eke DONUSUTES s sieierele  Byeke ereisce ele te ete 943 
(COM ie od her RO OIHG DORADO OO bree OF 866, 868 12 [RU Ae AA ERS SERA BR AIT ES An 5 870 
OULUSO UA rin a eee clots Sadie eee 866, 880 bemMellL cost oti (oeeie alo vs bie Oe 868 
QUEUSALE ERS RS are oc oicin ts bee Deh ei hione 961 CONCTTAIMNG 0 e. 5 6.6 v a-03 vin, @ 5 o/e 6 ee re ee 134, 941 
OCCIGENGALISE pcestet snerssoreto ohehotetstalchc aetereiene 118, 943 LEMUUPLOT Os :diare ee iere duds le Oloiciersie] ops ote 983 
OCCECLETUGLUSHEs hv iciotasste bie cioketethletoes eee 94 tenwtfoligiiae 2544 onc ds eee el nero 938, 944 
OLNEY GE =. ok Sais eShte Bek Bie Stee eee 111, 942 elongata i mt. os ohne See CEE 39 
ONCULLLL TUG Henne avers ei arera eo nea Tere 944 MALO shee a Jom rk w1ais Baye Rie Ore 983, 1000 
OUCTACE EE A eee SE Clonee Un bile UUs 938 PUQTAG, «5! oss lelete te 2'%e20 3 folate rote ts © EE 38 
OLULEDUS IR: O tleee. 5 3 Re Oe eters Oot 868 SCONE 5 ois ae Siw niereahs aoacare clo teeetelote tees 942 
DACRUPNOUUS capitate. «32 eeisiane ee ies niche ote ane 132, 944 CONUIES 6 oR hace eoote 410 ene eae Oe 866 
DAAAENSIS Mh Fie ens are Sfeltonete strat eee eee 940 LEPRTOSANENOS 521). sale io4e Yoke oie hodate lo ololaotee eee 870 
Paludivenanieacak 6 oak wo ee etre ans 121, 9438 CODON. oi oF. fa ite lobe roterasotciearetete cic blot 857 
DAIUSLTISHAciere Hoieress-éd wcleie F ye eeaans 100, 124, 943 ALONE SORES MATE ORG OSD DOUO DADC 942 
DANUCOTAES che cis ove oi syste exes Sea he Ee oe ee 891 LOTINENUOSO csc ora -sce asi'a.4 10. Ste. bed ane tohal ote emepetetoe 941 
DAT VUPLOTON oa alatess oei's sis eo ee NTI 867, 881 torreyana..... ange tonete (eles e. 4 eloreiehito eee Ere 880 
DALLETSONM soni cise & cle ee et eee 129, 943 ET ACYM As (OS Yo: ohn tior Moors pce Pe hone 118, 944 
DG UCUTLONG AES tere te Oe tale fatefa ts Chote aN eo 942 ET ACROGES *:aso70ra/aversceterote oe olorw terete tetote ete erate 870 
PAUCISPICUlALr swiss soe ee cree senior 121, 943 ENVCROLC DUS s (a arices se. io ohare ioe etorero ela nerebe eT RSENE 938 
DOCHUG Moe Neto TOE: viouohe Suse ee aT ae ee 943 CRD ONG occ bots rat» of bsedoveke-c‘ate-ohas Medal ROR 943 
DECLLNACEDSA Fie he sielos oie 4 Oe OOo eee 868, 870 ERUNETVOLG fates ole 0 bio erate weeks Oe ae ICE 939 
DETLIUSYLUDTULCH aera iay ave os2 cle ehche cusenie © 2 necro 866 trivialistscssccnw s fecce nie ee oe 100, 116, 944 
DULAC ELDAACH apa iercieletere chorea toh ee Dee 866 SUL CULNIS ed avers states ronts oie ee 
DLOCIULCEM Ade eihetele «steve W, deen Rael ieacee ne oie eto 938 OCCUENLALUS s: «. sdieneioik c.0/0lcit Eee 943 
DIULOSO eae eae ekaleue ni eln revel ydewlert le a a teledere ate tene 868 EPUN COEDS inahar sr ahat arcrene tana lesete-07s 9 aheeeu CEO Re 937 
1 NT ORI ET ee See 943 UTCUPLOT. ic aisha viaictavaje ew eieve Che ehs ole atoratol CRORE 907 
FIAT HAR OLG HE Ok ter ofes top ET Es MEE a so Oh Gi 941 unilateralis: co. ciu Src ereceie le cele eee 131, 944 
11 LRU AAD Soa eel tage COs Oa iG OL 941 UNITLETVUG 5. osiats ire areie hoters eles ole eta Racer 
PL ty DNYLUS pe -cterete fovea tcss-aee chovota¥ateatners scvauerereeee 943 UNOLOTDES Haxare-aie ate & Sale otete sree n oon 870 
DH ALTTVOS Cr Ree ee take Ho ope re eto ona noha eneroe ber tee 865 VOUSCY MIG. te rarercvsvaccho onev- Nolet ets ae ee 942 
MLALETLSUSOTINUS saree chetatereiioee he ee ee 938 Vasey 0chloar ci... cr. soe oats interne 132, 944 
PIACCNSIS! cei ooh eats Ae eae ae he 100, 115, 943 VESEULD 6 catetesc ote 0'lote gists eave Téke te ehohe ele RE EN 938 
ONUUSEULOLUD Rt A eee 943 WULLOSGS Eira seks o Sia ato oe ioe Ree 870 
DSCULOPTGLETUSUSHY. ototensicle etait: lene Te 938 VUTETUS 4) csesenafoteis Gisters 0! sretalelelate eroleteeta tee 981 
DV OLENLCOLG er Ee «oR tere OR eS 938 VET GUNUCHS 15 reco setts iofo oe elle Se Tels ote ithe lenemcPegeneeeenete 869 
DIN GLOL Aer tet careers cache eteraeperete 132, 943 DUTUDUS eo Pete a folts (TEP 943, 1000 
NATSETLU Mate ota ov on Henne e Ee 942 WALLEY. ood) os woo 8. asenenene eked. AS COTE 867 
DT OCUIMDETUS esehe tone he hic) tone Cee Dae 946 WEUG EULA. 7. ass autarareioleletene abet ieee pet 869 
DSCULODTALEMSTS eaten cee onic Ce 938 WREELETS 550s. 5.505 Rle-s 5 w ovve do Uavelarste eee eieeete 111, 942 
DUGCUCU REI foclnitdice c easre te on er Oe 943 VOSCYAIAs: eaic sw 'v-0in © Riles atofoten cetaceans 942 
AVULUCIRELUG arts Pes erat toi aletor sts crohonare amide terre 944 WAULLAATNS TEs. Sic sa-costeiec eretere crete ee 938 
INU] OT AS arose Oe eI ee 942 WOLELTS. 0 xyscees Sree ce roe GA eo ORS 120, 944 
DULTUG CTUS ag VERN e Shake dncteneres cdot eseie ver ehtnal rome eet 939 WI OMUNGENSIUS Sirs evs /o-< ote rele = shen eM ee 939 
DURDUTASCENS ate caete atcler reaorcreiertans tolerance 940 Rodogrostts aequivaluts. : . ..1. se sees ce sioctee 803 
CDULGS ERS tints Seri ee. 940 ROGLONGA DUS! CAESPILOSUS 1< vale -tene laters ee eet 852 
GQUINGUIPLA DRO esis Src eee 972 PLEZUOSUSS Eo ab Rs white a erelelena's ake tele le CIE 853 
TOHEX A Heys Wctois tes coe hekcietetn os ae 120, 943 Podopogon: Gvuenaceus sis .te oretenci cleo sie ee terete 966 
POP CLO eer rn en ern ee 869 DOT DAEUWS x ocvarctarersicic ole: otevaieelaheeie erento CTI 966 
TOLT ACE raion, vale Mohe orev ck retoneeehel's Chios PC 869 Podosaemum agrostideum . 2... 0. see ee te se 899 
POTUSS Os Hieber IA hone eto TE OOO 941 QT OTUUCOLG eiechetctouateroscccters otaveteys rere NA eS 899 
TC DEUS Mea fotove he a cI Poe eo oe ee 983 OY WU ree BG OOO RO ORO ONO >O600 86.c 899 
TEDLATES SNe ee Cee eee 869 (en oe On AR Mn Oko G0 D10.0,0 903 
CHESDULOSA on niaioie dhe Ue ease 867 Sy er EP OA SAA ae Cop Uit S.C 900 
Thi ZOMALa yee ee ee ee 108, 943 SOVLOSUIIOD Wardle retaterckals lore akeke ofetererevetetetenetete nets 903 
PUGTADAN Ae toy WA eee Poe ae cron recente 948 TIT OR SAAR A OPES TO OF COI ee. Out 902 
PAULOT Ne eS Ene He oe ee PORTE A RO 983 QUOMETALUTD. «16 en et lore few love cette tohyercaaiteie 902 
TU DESENVS Ss ero atoe Oech a aoe 943, 946 OT OCULLTIMUATE >: ovate iehstaie oie teteletohovetetetelatehepeceteree 907 
PUDIC OLA ea easy Aer hetk Ment Reo 100, 130, 943 MMELICANUM o2arercraratodarw ater otohoheleletelenetotolenaetterens 903 
SaltuensisSt seis hae ee wee 118, 944 UO RATTOS AAO AA ODODE DOOD O UA OOdeS mdi o< 904 
MUCTOLEDUS wosseroloc Rie Rises CE Oe 944 DUNGEONS Wazelers tol arated staleletotenets euctehets loMettonclelerete 904 
SCNADET OU iver insincere ee 134, 944 PUT. DUTEUTIV socks foietolcne¥-¥ofdoMelaycr-sYolcte et eaReT ere 900 
SO LALULUS css He ate colehavensYexatcvevorcioterc Moe ae oe 941 T EVEN CRON © orc create tarcveleraio ctevel enh a eee 909 
SCODETTIING:., sfore.ctatatateistore (o¥oteteke acetal erent 939 ROLE DOA ATA OOOO AOD Ones echt. OC 905 
scabrella........ Serato cease Oke _..100, 134, 944 setOSUM. ....0 a: Siavatereterebeve "evs etelahage ee See 903 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. 


Podosaemum—Con. Page 
SODOWULCIL ITU Bes ctna eater ses Nonaisle are koleloretsnsvencr ous ek 906 
LEU UTLOT ALTIUM eluate: wuetsi ce chacelietonevcnerl velo: sishekedee 906 
ORCI UL ROC PO REED RON IOS IO EOF OCONEE 906 
ERUCHODOGES one ete) scene e nveie oes ecerelere crete) leaks 901 
UENCSCOIVS I SRN eats hi Guess ehale. 6 sieves miele oPtera aren 907 
VULTUMUCUL I rikatersnsreveve sore nrenate aie Tonsteteneratehorecceaete 965 
Rolishbwiheat sratentscccbe cinerea bontevehoaisiene eoreiene 245 
OUT Nepean ear ite Lasei rotors eink 999 
CURDS eG SOR EE EEO CERISE EROS aa 871 
HULDROUS x rais a OES OTE OS oC RO ened 897 
RULER OVUIAN AA eee eee 897 
SCOP OUI TEA Saat aoe 6 aca Aan Samet Se aah 815 
BLTTUUIUC CURR Maem Nis a, Ese leer Fane Rl Nea aS, 8 897 
RUDULALCMOVUG OA hina eka oslo hg es eam 897 
LOL CUR RUTHNUSUUL ae ie cache oles Ghelsini a acre seinen 955 
OM OUONMALCH ATUUS HR ecroioieie sone tieie icieseierel oye 535, 830 
ROM WOLON Mn Miaree canis cob shoiou cele tie ak 362, 944 
CUO DECUTOUAES Aes Tiulo thn) fare: levene sroliaiee a ele ene 805 
AVIS GEIS tee ees eee sacs) ooo oh sian e) Vetere) elmeliccatees 363, 944 
(ROOT GSO ie MAD OSI OREO CONTRO ROMERO CRE 903 
CHUN ULUS a Ae ae 363, 944, 945 
VOM OCU SH ate aero sesns eee ke IE Oe 363, 945 
SLAVESCETUSH PR Ee taee OR ri ne anes la ete tte 945 
glomeratus epee tenancy occ ot Ae | PAR SSR 902 
MGELTUD LUSK ercicescens tower sco lsicle sie @ aun «bo ele ors 363, 945 
CEUILULUS reece PeeWee concern cok Penne CE OR 944 
USE DSTIQ SS S48 OF 8 Se br Re a ee ee 363, 945 
TID AEUEUIMNU Seer ere eae ee te cress cos ausl anon 363, 945 
ITYONSPECMENSISM pies sities eves ce 6 vous « 363, 945 
TILOMULUMUULS RP oie. ait bela edhe es neu auncretel ae saun cs 945 
SOMOIG WSS Sen OCR CS Ie CORBI ace 805 
DOOCIOPUS 5. Lo Os COL RRO OLS eee 981 
ROG TODBUIS 5-55 6 aoc CLO CGI ROTORS CREO 904 
SCMUUCHELGUUULELS ee action lereielie ici enchaye aieia cuettie ¢ 808 
SHUPAIBE 5.6: HS b.0 ne OO CEG SEO EA Erol 899 
ISCLOSAUS eee Heme eee Ray eile eowre suerienlocs loiccrate Porter atts 902 
PZ OROIUEILET ONC ULLALG oem Potosi) s Wists a Ree. 6 oun Nate 956 
TOOHICHDS bicsa-5 Se Clb Oe Geoee ls GRICE Sea ees Ce DOG, 
IROKcMpIneronassempiee.< hieee oe feiss 6 sie biol veas 450 
Zora MOTO. peiea ou hee eo OE EO Cen oe 201 
Roulardewheatererierste cit ncicick sat owe leaks 245 
IPOVETUVAOALETASS ie cleec te cll oreo alee « ores Waielereie’s 307 
LOIRE NIA eo 5 oo & OG 0. CEE CRE TIN Aes 471 
IBEAIGIEKC ORG ETASSHER Mastin e oie cis ochre a eho wocle dievale ave 509 
CULO CRASS eam eave rare aoelia sha toners e veveseleieteraress 590 
GROPSCO MENS MeN ter (oer a oe eh 6 a ure dives 420 
OUR SANAAN G J sion orG Gib SRR ANS caret co ere ran teen 468 
WOGCIRAARACO 6.0 o a's ob HO Obs COO Bee Ee ee 283 
PravensesseTrOUplOleOAmasrscbicls wes soi cls 101, 106 
Prince Edward Island bent................... 341 
Prinelemecdlearrasst ties scan ereh i hae sls aks 453 
Prop ly litre ere ccce eee oe as arene ails 7 
Proso 26.6.0 00.8 B16 OS OOS OG i ee Seen Ean 691 
TMS Ce Te AP tee bene vedios hon Fo eae cael 626 
IEQMMUMG SB 4 6 Sc OB Oo RE Oy CORSE ORE, ae 329 
LESH, CH GWOT UL.a.6 coc 6% 6 OOO Ue Oe SOO IED OLD 811 
UDHORTED s ado 066 86 60.0 Oe ee 811 
ESOC OSASA Mia: emis Rie silo se bros fe Sue eee 29, 945, 995 
TEIDOWNO 4 ako.5 oie iat.5 3a oe ae ee 39, 945, 995 
Pteroessa, section of Eragrostis............... 148 
Ptychophyllum, section of Setaria............. 726 
Buccinelliapee wee ere ites ohee oes 77, 945 
EVIRONCBS 55-6 o's oO 8b Re ore ee eee 77, 80, 945 
ANSUStALA canner elena o ainletsleieealela eles e bs 94 
(QOFRG Hoo 6:0 0 5 Gio On CRA eS ee 79, 946 
CUISIOAUG 6 & p'o.0.0:0:0 6, OU ee 80, 945 
distansmer meen aioe ee Re eEL 77, 80, 945 
UCT RUB. 6 616 ot 6.b.cre Re Reo ee es 80, 945 
FASCICULAt AE Eee eel ee eS 79, 946 
PICSLUCEHONMNUUS PICTON Heke eee etal Caclle 946 
PAPI 5 3:5 c10 otto bo aaa ais 8a ane ee ene 81, 946 
ETON 4.5 6.0615, CAR oC ce 79, 946 
NICK, 54 0 6/6 big! boo eetaacl om aRe chee Sa aE aera 945 
TMEV ATONE), 5-6. Cro Oe 6 Be ARE oie ee 79, 946 
OOP 3 0.6 'o i Goa CR En oe eee 946 
UG KACHSISMa PERN aseeee I Lie honda t ee a 81, 946 
ROMO BS 616 8 Hoch On DOSES Ee 80 
TORSION oo.5'616 00 ole aa OA ee ere 77, 946 
FOTN 6 5 om Cooo 0 OMe CeO eee aE ee 80, 946 
POLO 0, 56 6-8-0 tro BS Re OO ea 946 
EU CSULIS HIE EPCS Or are oi eiicha en wacked eek 78, 946 
SIMO] COXA EE Pee MNT Re eases Ns Sous dig sense 78, 946 
SILCS COMI LUPE RIE EES se Ook ees ees eae cules 945 
RUll=wppt bys eee eee cits e o0ks Veale 's eo 381 
LEWIS GRATE iis Go eat lacie ae ee 536 
TORU, Gockia oro Hitt EASES ee AER RG ea 406 
MECUIESTASSe a Maren meas eae ge Ne 452 


DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1041 


Purple—Con. Page 
TOCUE TASS AR rey Ser iavenave cet eee ele prea ote eLe eueaeEa 317 
SANG STASSE, ica lok Orsi ate, aioe o Bun lae oat es cle RO 218 
Lah svoet hao aaa CR NCRO SRG Re Bere M ROO ICO er icc. A474 

Rurpletop ecntsn a ecustes oles. 5 cesta Peco aaah eerie 213 

Purpurascentia, group of Panicum............. 680 

Putting greens, grasses for...........+.0ses02% 334 

Quackerass sci cio eee ae aera are oe 230, 232 

Quakineserassyy i. cies eels oe ce wie a eateries ere 138 
1 O91 ica tanta REE er heart reer area mates reno ose n Tc 138 
LUN etal Caves ler ete leer ar nt ree en aN nane os Wen E 139 

Quitcherass yey ee ele eee cee ea 232 

REVS IAGO Mark yg seenaouaobdcodonoouonubNoc 363 

BRhabdochloadomingensis) oo s<+ esos 890 
DUDE Sei Bes Ble a rneeceie eS Ga STO 890 
GINOVUCCLOR eta ao ree ala Gia oe ie ene RP See 892 
LULL ROWUG TAG heise eA ORR ie RECO RTO LO Uo oO Goo b 850 
SDUCGLD era eee aT cateseOe Aaa e GRD OE aL ele 975 
DERG OLD ern ake Perit a scan cet e Tone enone Mon healt enced 846 

Rach ila eaccscte «sack eae eerie ca ao eee ee ae 8 

AR ory en re Aan ea EA a SEARS SRS cea aac eee sg mye 501 


Range grasses... .2, 31, 38, 72, 100, 144, 230, 249, 
287, 307, 313, 334, 358, 369, 413, 437, 445, 460, 485, 
532, 570, 587, 718. 

(See also Forage grasses. ) 


Rattlesnakeichesss ecodesn se ete ieee eee 46 
IMAM AGHASS oe csiiene suet acehscsie susie uenaeenedteeeeeRN 88 
RAV ENTIATEEASS cae meine Serra eee exerciciouereeseas ee tt 746 
ECONO UTUTIGN Seo encne ee ole eee 873 
FRED EnNtISCHUDMELAVES CES c ccna coors isles arctic eioicraiey 975 
Rebowleanlufonmusmecera ioe: se chee eee eee 960 
URACULUS oS a oaanodeaie ack Slo tele eerenenaede wie’ soe 961 
AK Resets cape Par ea OAT tea eA NRE SS fas PEERS 961 
(Lad oyne RRL RPE terror asc eRe So hais win 961 
ODEUSAEG ors or roca Sees os he 961 
VODA IM Rianne evs ohare eke 962 
AVUDESCETUS A cau toteds 1o)ty Hee re eee e ena $62 
DALLES ec tN Aha ine ahetaein ne te etary asrat lence yates maaeee 962 
VONGEPLOTG = oe tetatara eaaha ie ale eles a 960 
MO] ONO CE OTe Dosis 960 
MENNSYLVANICC talon eteiete s clele Che cielo cle tuenetons 961 
MOAJOVA ee asaya tS ao eioreb a al cuenele rene atope 960 
ERUN COLDS eae aie © Seen ca eae ee 961 
UGG LESCUO RCs crepe gl ie orcas ilonaho col Gel onan ohateashatewe 58, 72 
Oa iter AC RT a Dent oiatrs ai" 2 cara nical eRe eae 300 
Sprangletopir.n cu cidec en acvele oe cclee cee eee. 492 
LE) OU HST Sets Ny dWREEy Ene ON Oe I OIC Chao cea ace. 6 0 474 
18276 OLS 6 FIG haere Ce ere CRC HID iia Mitts BiosA Gis 173, 947 
HEX OSA et area OI ees ore Oana 173, 947 
FREGEOP ee neh ee as a re See etn nara accel 334, 341 
TIO KW OVo) eee ats aie n Aw CA mp REPS cc 349 
Oregons re cinemas aoe one ee oe ee 351 
VCCI CAN ATA TASS ewekels me aicie icc iclsbeorctene ener keene 555 
1 BNC=YeX0 TVonics Reet, MINER ots erent cid creo 67 
CORIO Bly Senet Ran Mee OIC COG sodoa-4 184 
BY YeYo bad SNC ee > ne «Freep eEees Gel tac, G CuO a CEOS 313 
GUAMOEK ero adc ood. co heroes daaoon 000,00 322 
raH(0) tah OVS) eo lec RANE yr) CIC CRMC RCRRIRO ED oc core 326 
NCAT Gib a (sua a aesea ee cece oko) MERCER REECE G-o'U' cc 322 
yOlE Whol eaters rere RCRCE acy OC Oe OG IE OED RCIC Cho 58 018 318 
PUPP G i eres seen canon eee eae tecbeiie esa lenisueite eytollsmahens 317 
Sortlomemiyysicysvcen ccniera cis seseid wisne sine eho nieeeretot 323 
IZUMI COMME Oo So po bop ooOU dC OU GoDO GET 0.0% 0 597 
UG US oe enna a OES Te 936 
OLUJOSLACHY Gaeta Coercion cere 597, 947 
VEIMATOCHI Oana Hein cichnne cesstecest ere icietoncr oe 596, 947 
DOUG Aiea ee oo nateotie sun cay Gee siete ca co tian elle Rene cuSae ener 597 
Olizostachyan ies ncccee ce cleanse oe eeeerae 597, 947 
TVESC TEL ET ASS ri carcucsscete a okcia le thaw ie see RCE ROT 31, 34 
Reverchonsthreesawia secs eet ee ieteen terete 473 
1 Pe 1 OR eee Sel ae eee cd ree Bee OPE PIE Tee cesar Og e7 779 
FNULNU aoe 6 bao domo OUT OOD OD GoD OC a O00 846 
RI ZOMES heres eke elnde cs av cces role. areteustoue hel eneeekeaees 6 
Rhode lslandibentc ssn s cee cree eines 341 
Colonialibentianhes anos ene Cea 341 
Rhombolytrum albescens.. «<1... 06050-5050 216, 971 
RR OdeSiErassi ccc ete ele toeieiore oro wie 519, 524 
Rhynchely trumps yin sont ens sete 716, 947, 999 
GLE SSA iets oicce eters sels eck. sede 716, 999 
Sif3) OLS) BSI Ey EP ERECT ND ICECRCIC ICC RON MERCO OIE OL 947, 999 
TOSEUIMNS Es sacie inete sete cole te selianenalateronets 716, 947, 999 
Ribbedspaspalumie-ts pe seer ola eerie 626 
Ui DONVETASS as ci acacsiey en arabe: shears, oe mneovet eee 556 
TR Vols Yenal oak CacSasae eH Aly aie ae R IRE RE oR ere Mee aT Ente 5 556 
CUE OTASS fre reth ss aieitel ooo e wyeVeleus snelene) elonteae Soo Gite 
TRICE LT ASS rai eta asl ease teste Bieres Sicoeaeiadenedinet Rear oT Ie 437 
Mirvich Tera ey perce ees passes ari sy ancy a wre sais tase inn caters wayroute Nene ots 437 


1042 INDEX 

Ricegrass—Con. Page , Saltgrass—Con. Page 
httle: 9.15 tos das easton ok eee 438 Seashore! tess; fais) oss: OO sae eee 175 
Wttleseedt <)o1-d cia alee ateeaters wie Poe aleve centres 438 | Saltmeadow/ cordgrass... +. <15..> seis ene 514 
DIN YON Packs ch kcje arch cionereisier to clare Gee 445 Sand-binding grasses. .4, 100, 144, 173, 179, 329, 339 
Bighardeod MGCGIELTAES 21-0 a's ocivici cue ea asta este 449 Sand bluestemis is. a:). ae sieve cre ciesie elo eee 759 
RINZOTASR AI Soe 3 ans fhe ote ters late sehen 402 dropseede).. 2). c..'-iaiminienic an Se eee = ee 425 
RUIDEUURTASB ioe 5 sia oy Ve ole BoE eS RE o2) | Sandberg bluegrass. -...-.-+-.'.\--=- eee 100 
Rspidiwmn TAVENNae « oi0' oq) coc 'cis 6 oe cums seis wisisiers Sil |) Sand buriiiecbe eo aloe oltarciain 2 es ace eee 730 
BVOC Gy. rs ocohars seeieleccreointetet he certs See 198 COBSE oie tare'ae, cueieis sharchatel marae steeie tei ieee 732 
ILOLGNCTLOACANING Gee ee eon 797 Cun ins rc clel as nie a tna pale Re ee eee 735 
latiglumis s walicncl ol crete: ah ahie: Srave Shen co ena kecalersteeuauerene 798 1 (-\ (0 ee ere rein nnn Ala .cr 5.5 35/5. 733 
PROMOTION ce hcotch Potee Aeteye, sVeisievel et ein tater erate 802 Sandreed: seas. 5 5o)s.< cede eles peo Oe ee 329 
SCINUCOSLALG: vonevers steis ie as0; cha Oo) ale .c ey shouelenetetere tee 799 SANGUuinarta VagInaa . 2 2 oo. s onic as see ccc e sae 933 
ER OCRUCAULOTE aia milere o hie ae eo ae get eae 802 Santia monspeliensts. ..2 <=) clei «12 ee) oer etaree eee 945 
OCNVENUAZEAe Ao eee 853 Sasa ss Si Weiss orca arene ed Sele sec « sa aitaeeteeeeee 29 
Ootsiol crasses-) shrine one ae eee 6 Satintall 4. os .355 ae scaelare esis no eee eee ee 737 
Rothrockterama fet. crentevisins vac erties 532, 539 SQUGSLANG:: aieia asian chateus alas le Uakehe ieee eee 547 
BOLL DOM Ta a aemer terete eve teeters Neston eta) 783, 947 OLDEN Gs choc osha s aes ele ais biaieta, stele ee 884 
GLSSt MO sone er ed oe ee 894 MACTODRYUWS, «o's pe doles osicleie & wicket 884 
COM DESC SS crcienche eres aisiatevs tele: sicnel tain ieee 894 Shite ree eae eee eee 548, 884 
CULL OA eer. Reached econ ee 865 OGOT OLE. Fe fic ons eo ake Sela te oe ee 84 
CONLDT.ESSO NAT aT OSCUCIIALD gas se As ieee ee 894 FTAQTAMS....'s scrcvarstettaieneisieel eee eee 884 
COTTUTALO seve 6 ope c caters fel eke lel 894 Scabrellae,; group) of; b0a- sa. 4-200 eee 134 
areolata a abate as, Sete tate lara fevoreteke aetebe ate ee 894 Schedonnardus:@ciyc co. vec cetee ~ o le eeer ner 505, 947 
EVIENOTICOM wees ee oe nha eaten hee 894, 898 paniculatus’ ¢.; ).c))2 4st eee eer 508, 947 
COXA A LAME cote cian chore ae eee ae 783, 947 CCLANUS ha. cchs, « o.asnlais speiselsleleesn le eC Ee 508, 948 
UL GSCUCULOLG Serta cierto sei Me oe ee 894 Schedonorus elation. <2 sis see oe te eee 874 
UNCUTVE RNS ss coi sinhe shee sO ee 926 SILETINAS, «= 6: ain sole ete1o O88 alone eel elote Bier ee eC 834 
IUCUTVOME «tare ave aids a\n\ni so) = ole = lahat «vans aot) otal ks 926 ODEUSUS..5,6 651 sdb 0 ss ois oi the als ois ome oR Ee 875 
DUTIUCULOLE Sie ORs pelea sare cin aol eee en oe: 948 DV OLETESUS |S 5.ckcavcisiel ols scare skola eres eborete etait 874 
TULG OSC N oc, oavct sce alot sh taee ake erene Bean TN ae hee 894 SDICHEUS =. occ side ele als enieleieis sioiunie ee eee 800 
CHEDDAR oe cee Fe ee 894 SETTLES uielevels «ole edie a ele ascinre.o Sete ee Cie 837 
SCOT DROULES tah foe ra ee ee 848 CectonuUmi ssi 82 Sees cdeoloe see eee 837 
SLOLOTLUF EN che oy re ne ee 966 tenelluisi se 6 ices ee Ee 875 
LESSELLGLOMES eee ii a Oe 894 UNCOLONGES 22 bo asa eis wala ere eee 833 
CUDETCULOSA My Rie ats Soe ce eee 894 Schellangia tenerdsa oot oes. eles ae eae eee 796 
Rouchtbluegrasste mesa: seinen ee eine 116 SchenodoruS GMETiCANUS. 6.2.0.2 02. c swe sccsecs 874 
fESCUC HN ee esc alr a ee 70 Schismustn Go S..6% Sees ekee beeen Soe 280, 948 
Stalkedimeadows@rass. 6.2.02) see 1ElP/ BrabiCuUs) isis ockcis cee ake a eee 280, 948 
CTI G CUS Hens eres he ae haere eee 217 barbatuss ice sss ce eee eee 280, 948 
Rupestria, sroupiotbaspalum. as. tne see 613 OTODACUS ic jeid eco die Siaie.tee Mes Se Ce 948 
HAL DEstnziG PuveSCENS Eas. «se eee een 977 SaSctculatus Hoe Fie age a ome eee Cee 948 
Lan and Ee aeRO INID Eo Ae ee ear eee 246 MATGUNGLUS. =.= a) oa eae eee 280, 948 
IRV.COTASS Hayter ake eee Sele en Se 274 DOLETUS ahs. ie ose ieibss Ceensrs a ein ee Bee Ee 890 
Atustralianicar cs aeeie as soe eee te eee 275 Schizachne. 3: 2h. foenc « setae eee 204, 948 
Bn clish errr eee rer. ci cya 274, 275 COM OSG oes wvals cee odd amine DO EOE EEEe 948 
Gali grits te ds hte pte cia eee 274, 275 PAUTTCUE <, dross HAE ean sasha, aio ce eeetep ae ee eee 204, 948 
DETENN alee ee etwas fee or Cee ene 275 PUTPULASCENSs ceia cease eee 204, 948 
FRYUULUT ape Ns Tv ewes, olor hers es Ae en 788 OLDUCOINS ovo ois, 5 ja (ovenesswe sas 0 ee 948 
glandulosa..... ei siaistolatoy researc oe oe 882 SMNRERGW soc. soo ga 51d 2 ooo ae ee OE Oe 896 
DT AMAULL OTS Brees eee oat ee See eee 882 SURTGLO ys 6b owe oie ond eS ER OEE 948 
Schizachyrium, section of Andropogon......... 751 
SACACONER Erste Ce ee ieee cre ec mene ere nile 430 Schizachyrium acuminatum...........0---- 755, 816 
Bae eek Ae a oe aia ee Se See et EE 428 CUTTOLUNES |. 5 Saisie tons eee OR eee Ee 812 
ACChATISETM SPOTUANED, 22. o. 0s our ce eee esa. .. 983 AOMUNGENSE® 8) sbi. ore oo eacususiguen ee Oe 814 
Saccharine sore hums yo cee oe ey eee ieee 773 BT MO OO EMC Io eds ao citook Joc 814 
SACCHATUne sc were ee. as erie wees 740, 947 OV OLUE ooo choi Sieve apekeeee ee Ieee 813 
DLO DECUTOLUCLIN LER Ee en eee 870 Raptr flOT WIN. © eo nig ie ss sks oiaie ieee Cee 814 
DALAWING a To cree ee 871 lettorale. -} oo oho uistelacises oe pies COE 814 
barberiges aes. eu oh ene ae ee 743 MATUGMUT 6 (2 cab cue eieie Bethe. clan ere OT 814 
bengalenses ses Sees chon en ae 743, 947 MEO-METICANUMNE <= aeisieaieln eis eee 755, 816 
AA NT AR epelen HIE OER MOAR EG OS oro AB ae 871 Oligostachywme « fs uixciecicc oe ee eee 814 
CUTOT CNMI hare oe Ciena a OE ee 947 SCODOTUUM 0 soo ete ane seen el eR eee 816 
CONLOTLUTIUR Sion e es te cise soe eR toverenel eee OOo 871 SEM*DENDE so ects Siw ere moe sles ce Ce 816 
CULENGTACUAMN eto e a eA CE La ee 887 stolontferums< cas scliee shieheekeeeene Cos 816 
CRUANAN OTA ES stare Bio tare a yostae fa sto ledse ie eRe 871 bENETUM ccc eee wincs.6 hae SR Eee 816 
DEG GTNEUTE ac eatee Melee oe a) oie te tere 871 triarislalwin.n.<ic oe Se woe beets PEE 757, 816 
JA DONUCUTIU Ara ee oree oe Eee 898 DSSS COW Da seen om no opoonanedannces 755, 816 
Oficinaruniae acct tees seis ee. 740, 743, or Schizostachyums..02\- +). oc cccisnee Ue eens 29 

DOLYAGCEYLUIM Sone cree on cg Ce 846 SchleropeltalstolonvferG s.. «)-.c\- -\-\s)-\eleh eee 
MOLYSLAChIPLIT ee eee eee eee 970 Schmidtia subtilis: =< os sss cle else oe ee 847 
ROTO OT AUS SE AO A MA OE ASA Cierny 6 oF ic Gite 871 Schrader’s DromMeLTASS. . cj e eee ce eee 35 
SQQULAUL Binks eicccre crowoHe  atonexstokolederal stele ete 882 Schultesia petTaed) ...).. . 2c. 2s 2 skeen 846 
SUIVETUSUS smith setoie sole sactetota ee take ro nciee eee 743 Sciadonardus distichophyllus.............0405- 882 
SPONCATICUII o/s ro 15)aketois covekevotelcroeshoy rokeesac were re 743 Sclerachné Qrhansands . oo... ee see eee 893 
SEMECHALIN eR retotarc fore refute uke teen Re eee 871 YEA ne ney PS a CUSIOS, 9 aO6.10 0,0 893 
Sacciolepisan: 4 ciemee cic sere ois aie le yee 708, 947 Sclerochloa:s . osise bse cn Pie sicciseick Cee ene 93, 948 
GUODG apis /o, siesstave oc5.200 ov blcrw Guei eons in eee 709, 947 Grénaria Var. faSCicuUulata. ...6.-ssccccerene 946 
AT GICA res isis eee eee 709, 947 ERENT) CERO HOOO ROO Odio OC 946 
SDUCOLD 8.6 ois )e) cacao Oe Bhavcieereier eo re Ee 94 AR ROE GOO OO ODD OOOO 0S COGN So O07 946 
Strata ee soos os cAe ooo are elec oe a eveneiene 708, 947 TEN Ri a (eo: OEE MAO CICS GORE 10 O-Q70KC 944 
PODER Face terse sisltalere wistate else 947 QUSLGIS He otic ciaiele sicielereisicielevereisiei lente roterrere 945 
SaintrAusustine STAss. << sores eieisievs,oeiete eeeree etre 585 Ura ess Gisiepacs Ok Sin sentinel iets 93, 948 
Salinarwil d=rvescsiesccsrel«iorhewerevolerers sioiaiens erates 255 MOAVUVING. bois ok oon Oho aid ce Ne EES 946 
SGLIMASIG PETILOGE so yahictatcrehe lewis si choral eeheicle toe 853 MUUELCULINTS si. say Soh, Sake eiekel ne eee ee 945 
DT CECOP Sr tc lelcin eholahatepelstetetetesetorcooietonr en stechoie 810 OTT OTT ie sie c esiets SOs eee 946 
WULGATUS aa wiebe orale alge ouctur ale’ olerene,eus ot eotey keene 810 QESEAMS os hecicucceiseepncisin eae 945 
Sal Gersass syieostererendereistescvctatkelslcleievsreranebenere choirs 175 BYOCUMDENS a): 310, slave 2 leaks po OLR NORTE 946 
GESOrt sired ree tare are helene oe at clone useiaeeteote 177 TLGUAG Sos. Fe a encleheloi isin creictelotcletere’s as bia core MES 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Page 
Scleropoairse nice wire ceva on See ote tiene athe eer a 76, 948 
PIT OCLNODEIUS RI errnalene tole Sose oat el evcemanioh emetic vortelitele tes eee 946 
1 cL CD ae ean Pole ane Vans Ua aviet ete) due bettircleeebeters 76, 948 
Sa ROO ho Bind OOOO Goo Doma ore co to's 227, 948 
brevalo luster atecis see oa ae 228, 948 
KGrwinskyanusS....ccccccrvccascsvecces 230, 948 
Scolochloapes cre vee iecieve witeciele sean ae 93, 949, 995 
CUUTUAUILOCED Ay cee hera tiie Guauahel eealete mihi ragiehs 825, 949 
OODLE Da dis Bed aes Octo er ORCHID oroe 825 
PEStUCA CEA CA writers Ghee wise eee aus sonal 94, 949, ayy 
Scoparia, group of Panicum.................. 
Scratchenadss tsa scusieicrs eine cise ole iusuelececee as dries 388 
Screwileatamiullly eee nciec ce). « sreveic wo n1eiclellsie #1 oes 400 
Scnilbnenmeedlegrassmcccccie soc cs clin oe ce 457 
BECO BLASS are NOE Cote « Fo ekevausnalevtacne nisl shales 323 
Senile nate e ae na arc clocks, Sone ie ee later a ets 279, 949 
| OXONEEW ENG (eM Veal Aah apg oe nee 280, 949 
Seashoreisalberass cases «lero cleleie ie scons ote 175 
SAMO AUS Re ee rosie crane oreo nel cae seiealla ve ne Pawsuueveete anelidus 179 
SATE’ Lest sae tesa pen ccuaienel ale ante ots ae aione aleisiie ai 329 
DeasiGevbemtmem me cievs wicca shove. o coeue suelevs yous als evsuetsuave s 339 
Seal erway trie talieai tier eiele were rs asst aveueeelietere 246, 949 
COLCA Cee nee OC eanis ite Von drarevaecn renee ieee 246, 949 
TINOMMGAINUIIN cus fes receteties one wis o's os eee aes 246, 949 
IT OSERGULTIU SENSI ay see R EAS oa isita 6 alin ooH ah oS iain. nee 802 
Semapltore-cf ass... cst arne cece ce ese sees 94 
TOG GTAP ea en ey atau eee ae 97 
Semmianum Gimariae nist peters cree 6 c.eve cies oacle ele ae cvs 29 
SCMCCARE TASS ae ere ee enie ioe Soap nic auie maketh lo ues 547 
EMNGIGICWS ATVENSIS.). 0 cre ce oes cele cecenes sce: 832 
COMMLULALUSH ERI aiS or hel ieee a iSieleneie aie a 834 
UMP OLOAWS SESS 06,05 OCOO OOD AD OOO OOD 835 
GONE Sse AS Ob Oo CAE Eee PENN oy ae aS 835 
DOM 5 6-6 nO DRACO CD Roe To erG 834 
ROUCCMOSUS OG So8 0.0 BOO OCI ea eon 836 
COMLINULALUS Maem eaericleneie ee sien «ee 834 
SOD DEF WUD ein. & ONS EO CROMER nen ace 837 
SCCOLLUIU LSP ET ee ca eva. [obi Ge ale ol eel abais 837 
Sesleri QMETICONGA.. 00... ec ee eee 983 
OG OSHDS Se 5 Ao SS OED OOD Does ee 838 
Setacea, group of Paspalum.................. 606 
Setanta ener tintn ttt eins ssce ni tn as 718, 949 
CHURDOR 5600.8 6 OO b L008 D COT earn te er 950 
HONG Bs 5 Cok 6 0 CS Cb HE Ce Oe en 954 
WROD. a3 GHB AOS OS OOOO OO CEL ion 953 
LORD ORES 5 6'S.0 010.0 BO OO Din Or EO IEE uence es 726, 949 
DARA DIE OS. Fo 65. Ba Ob Oy OS eC ORE eee 950 
OREDUS DUCE aT Mom euotes sles okenei ais 954 
CUCU 6 6:5 8 AG El 6: 6 GO OTC eee 951 
CATING lease eachencescerete nie shel he evel, oes 721, 949 
COUGHS 5 ccore wood GO OMG OD a aio 53 
ONGC. o 6 bicko odo COO Cec Oe Oa e cea 953 
ORO MOVIES = & 316-06 bb OO SOD Od a ee 934 
ANADMBOOS oo '6-000 06.0.0 OD BOR ON Sate OO Ee 914 
OPM UT is 6 60'S 0b 0 6.0 OOOO UO ESO IS Ooo 953 
GOMOD dabdao coved COO toe One 953 
(COMPUT. O's 6 9.9 of O0-o5 CIO CRE CRE OIG Ce ORGne 722, 949 
HWGHONAs 6 occ cnonodeao aoa eOe Hier ea Aa te 844 
ERILDESCENS RRR ee ee eae eee te Oe ees 934 
VEN EIS 6-6-6 68 Go OO SoA O TS Ie IAI Hees 725, 949 
PUG a oblo Oo U3 08 GO OOO OE ieee 16 
YLT 00070 CO 6.6 COS SORE aE ees 950 
geniculata tooo boss DOO Ce iere o canted 720, 949 
TUR MIED 3 5 cE Ook BO hed A CaO LC ORI Ce 951 
(GFIDOOS1 5 56.55.4660 6 CORO Re ete 
(GPQIED 0, 05'6: 0.6 01:0 CO Bad Cae 719, 933, 952 
COPCURA@ or 50:66 05 OO FOO EO OO Be 949 
CLOG CLO teas eis c NE h 952 
CEN ICULGEC ER ET. eon els We ene ess 951 
VITVOET OUSh rovers ele reuse estes eae Si ial 950 
LOCULG OLA eee ys ee oistee se 950 
WARGO 5 0b A OB Be ON OOD ero ES 950 
PULPUTASCENS. ....02000000rcerees 950, 951 
PROCHIWB sc000 6 60100 OOO E.G DOCS oD nn ae 949 
COSNUGB So 010 86 B Oo OO Hee 950 
OTISe bac hiteesmyeyMayaceey neh cavar es cea ene mes 724, 951 
LOSPGANB356.600 600 b OCS CO aes 908 
MOSOUHD. scovoooscoot C5 AL ECT TIO n ora ie 949 
OMADCROOS o 6 00:00:06 RO En ee 949 
PARAMOS. 608 6 HAO OLA ED 951 
: DUG DUNUSCEIUS ier Pa Aten heat clone e 951 
OCG 5 0:0 be Si dle cde 2 He EE 626, 718, 725, 951 
CHUM a. 6 as oto OO OREO tne 951 
SEFAMUNEOMMUCLO as cteisosl tious Sade sdec 952 
OTAUTITVEOSELGvcaein cad celts we ele oles 952 
OAOMOPS 08 Oe GOL GOD OCD Ue ots 952 
HUMMUT lo. As oicwo eb ep oo DO OoU Odo 952 
DUPUCKS ooo GS, a BH ceo GE Ole ie cies eee 954 


1043 


Setaria—Con. Page 
LOCUIG Gl Are ele Gio Sios aee ee Oe . 950 
(OV GINIS crete Pe Rite oes OREN Se aR RR a nO ew a 951 
leucomilawentacwisystie cic oon nee eee 952 
Melb manne eed aa 723, 952 
TUGEECENS cites creo icra hanes 718, 952 
INA CTOSPELING coc cis ee linole alcehes dete ueleie ne 721, 952 
macrostachyanone sae oe eee 718, 721, 952 
MMAZNA. cee vc wesc wise aes sees + sive eas 724, 953 
TRELUCAIML anc winconsrcteinletede state ekevens eee eT 951 
PUT LCOLG See crces arene ae si RTA eo aes Se 857 
NEAT ogo HEAD e OOW Dto dio EOS 60060 720, 953 
Palmiholiaryepseises ces oeredorelnle aicborene 718, 726, 953 
DENUCULALA Te eee OHO a eee 950 
MENETENUS eevee tere: shee TET Oe 950 
DOMCHAN A eos bee ae eo tererole renee 726, 953 
DOU SLACHYC wor iaed ators nen Ie i lee Oe ee 953 
PUN DUTAS CES nr ciotereneetchctereemic oieceonieieneneds 949 
EOTUUSCEO Renee ie One mo ete te a 922 
PATINOLA ee Cached an Shoe ae Ae oe ele 722, 953 
TATULONO Rte aieiesona hers ee Oe 952 
T EVER CHOU eas iaieaia ere eas eee ieee Cee tee 922 
TAD UMA aoe a wails ralanerate eee teh era lele aioe oe 952 
SCHOELET erie gre as eR eee ee te ee Se 722, 953 
BO LOSE mice tovecousc are areata lar soeceiret sua erepev tia eed te 722, 953 
CHUGH bo 6G00506 Jsietio ois Sieve venswaaapar eens 953 
Sphacelata ey. coeur ascent ne s 720, 953 
SEU PO CCULINGS Selig chee ne ete anes oune teas Ec Toe ee 950 
SET DLODOLT YS aay maven ersn inn eae re Ieee 950 
CORI CENSUS EE Meter cea FRE eo ee 950 
VENCETIAULUM re etiwanda le OC CEO a 950 
VERtICHla tae ese ee ce: 720, 953 
ATM DIGDUAI ces evo caps ie code ae Res 721, 954 
VillOSISSIMa eee een A Al pete ata 721, 954 
VATU CLIS ens sec Ne ee ee ico yal ee iene ie rhe s 718, 724, 954 
QIN DEG UO re eee ete Sloe lo ena IONE 954 
DR EUUSCEO Seatac EN rk Als a 954 
DUT DULASCEN Seas taetele becker acento 954 
ADELMAN Aa EER one eo eeclene nie eines 954 
HOH OG OIE ES OY OD OIG ED Bie 954 
Shade fescuewere ten een cin cis eee 74 
Sat eee rey reser NC Roe tr cin a wn ein Md5 CLO, 
Sheepifescuetervaca ethos ccee cous ee eee 58 
Shibata eam craven se castes, cand araatiscuctuee mare were 29 
Shortzawnitoxtall@en errr oo eee eee 359 
Shortrrasst oe ance rime oices Gan cece 485 
Short Haire eee eer eae ve canst aae emer ace 316 > 
Sicklecorassies bry cc ome ianarrtit ous: ca eee eats 279 
Side-oatsieramais sacs cree oii cen 0 ce cde eee 535 
Sleglimei air cise cooe cee wsns tl ae i ae 305, 954, 998 
ACUNMAUNGLE Voie SOR en ee 973 
GLDES CES ese ta inne Te eee eee ee 971 
ambigua SEER e I cei icc Rote CN oererante eat ee Earn pants 971 
LIM ET UCONN Gene ieee tee es le LOE 974 
avenacea var. grandiflora. .........0e00008 973 
BUCKLEVONG Seen OOO ene 971 
AGH NU LOCA OOOO CERO DIS n oink GoGo 971 
CONT ESED ae ea Eee can ne Ua Ue 971 
CUPTEGD Me oh cree oaeue ions io enete eee 972 
decumbens eee eee eee 307, 954, B88 
(ARTA a Xa Aaa eas tabien eae ee GRAD a ORC ENO CO EERE ROIS Deck O 
CLOTEG ALG iS Oe aoe ke TORO EIS IOS ELE OORT a72 
CLA TOSLOVLES etree ee al Oneal one 972 
RYO OV 0 Hllen tHe cic eR CONTEC OHORPCLOTAE OID IOLA O 972 
SAORI HA apiece ears ea estan te as acre ANT) Bb ETN Ty iclies Ac 972 
ORANATLOT Oo Gaara nae LPO et eee 973 
AUULUCO newer ase nde he Ge Oa eet 973 
TOLL ICO  arrarehn ce ORR en na Cs the ROMO UT CO, O 973 
DiUlOS rare ees as vee a cSua ne oe GePRT Sein Steh ao aRAUOENS 973 
[TIA Voi Ks re ene, UNEP ears ENeeC CREO G10 GOS © 974 
DOV UPON wave easiree metas ae repenacae lennon ts 974 
HELIA OSS HO AG DIOL OOD OOS SOO U 974 
EY OR ARORA RENCE CO MiG OO OG RO 974 
SESLETZOULES nme cent oe ooo cers ea alenan serene ote 972 
ENLENMNED IDS coc s Cl oioueie Aeieia ety eee oe 972 
SDIUCALG a GoW as ERLE I 975 
SENRUCLC ee Caer eae asilai ce et sicnar atc tohe tens se ramen 974 
AE GH (0 Heh Aree oh a pO AR ee: AP REE cope aa a eae PT EY 974 
ETANETOUGIALINUS aon icliccoies hele Gin cus eleiees eee ieete 972 
RAIS OTS Ge oa rete ING ELD CIO IO OSES En Ola eee Sec 857 
Silaweierasses ia is cao cos rorerensie wl oy suena eee 2, 727, 794 
Silver beard erassiyie cee oe inter cle eeneels 768 
leehleag cls 1-4 Gaiden OAR Go Be BOnmiod Soot ono OD 298 
DlUMeSTASS ower cole ere rene eect tcusi mes enemopenohs 744 
Sinarundinariat. eee eo sae 29 
Simobambusaeecchecerve ohare aaaie dene caceitereastelicuse st suotedame 29 
Simocalamusiyertcsecsncs shotece aus! anes ousl cove eeelvos apatonalieys 29, 955 
Ola is ey ees ae ENED: 29, 955 


MICAMIONyatate ce cielort ro lelteteze siolausuce mislevelenarets 262, 955 


1044 INDEX 
Sitanion—Con. Page , Sorghum—Con. Page 
GLDESCEN SS cis1si 2 shore hes oe he i Oe 955 WAT PlOTAUNVS oe ic. cps er cids eich ee eee 814 
ONOMOLUM sy sociee ae Te eee 263, 955 hart tock. ots ide Cocke ce eee 886 
DASCILCOLG aia nis cee wieie ds ee oe ee 955 Lanceolatimsaiclacie aie tee OE ee 775, 957 
DUEVUOTISLALUIN aetna) «f= =) alshet=) 3) Nero neteleee 263, 956 Longibenbe=~ "2/3. . stasin ne ities =e eee 814 
DrEvULOLLU I. Vers este ore orn eee 264, 955 MELANOCAT DUM. «sc oc, La dskeidle on eee 883 | 
OF OdG Cc ncies ee oe cee 860 MOT AUS os c:e.5 ie 6, 6 8:8 ia 8 Shake oe 849 
CORSDILOSUIM ra'eiave cle anesel si atchsvei atc RRO 955 TULA. fais eca'cis oles: s pteie ater sie sis Mele cena 956 | 
CULUIOTNICUNU a eee eee 955 QUVENACEUM. (cis « cease eee 956 | 
CULTCEUII. Oe oleae ue eie Oe eal tc ee 955 UiNNGEANUM See uis ce code os ose ee 956 | 
CUNETEUTIUA eae) Not cieicte chatter ee 264, 955 DOUCIPLOTUIV osrcie s\siacrd ard cc ae ci AOC 846 | 
CLY MOTUS: oie icpoch coh ee ee ee 262, 955 TOLDUTGRIG. Ges awe nis ech eee eee eee 958 | 
LOLILOSIUTUCNA Nona. ioiccaurie Seni eee Oe ee 799 TUSUIME Hie ois erase os 1 ate aioe Chane midge Ee 886 | 
QULADTALTIE cere: cc crereiate Beate ears 955 SQCCRATQLWIMN oe 2 ise dec) casement 773, 958 
Nansen syAstcrtele cies ae ee ree 263, 955 SACCNATOLAES 2.35) 2 2. ciois 2. Sake ee ek Ee Eee 815 
AN OMAN. teet eee e eee 955 SCOPATIWM 5.2. sis ates soya ee « Bla eat eRe 815 
ROTACOLES Ste rene a cloister ee eee 956 SECUNAUIN =. Senclee Seon oo sa ene COLE 957 
WY SUIXe re Ae oc arte os ie tas 262, 263, 955 SEMUBDETOE oso rrecs, cise Cake Oe 816 
LIUSULOT. EM ec cu eesber sito oe ea ee 264, 955 SOTQRUM ai oc cists so Odowle erie & See eee 957 
HUD AGUIN reeset on cereale cr eA ee 263, 956 SETCQLUTE are bic 6G sa ele ealene |< ee ee 947 
LATCCOLALU IVS aire a ee Pee kere Oe 799 SUGCANENSE. 32. cle scieiatho ee eee oer 775, 957 
Latupoliuin Ae ac ke one ee 955 LONETUIN SS aac cist aise ee ee eee 816 
LOCK ERO Yt Ne Bere cove Cee wee 955 VAT LAGU. eicc.aciaelclersiemickeie tee eee 175; 950 
VONGUIOVLUATE tai -fs ieee Eee 264, 955 VAT GUNACUM we < viv « > oo. lannle ne eee. 817 
OUTDO em GCAO C GED A OCe Ua c 264, 955 VULP ATC a sss cicse.s clelers lletenststoveie eran 773, 957 
LO OLIN BS SO AIO OS om caOKO 264 DICOLOT soso ais 0 sne.5.% 3:8 ore oe ha Ee 95 
QTEUTUALS eit ao itloTovesore te coiekak es oleate tan Corte ee 955 CaffrorumM tic oe des cate t Chee 175, 99K 
TILOLLG eet hsed cei sbes ose ae oR eh ELS 955 drummondil.. coe soe ee eee Vip Gon 
MOTO IL Marre hers S aioe ede EE 264, 955 GUTTAL fF INs one eco ae eee 775, 958 
TIVULLESCLULTIU nee NP iie he OP ae 956 TOxXburehijee eee. eee eee 775, 958 
DLAVUOMUIN See Ae ie ie ee 955 saccharatumec.. se eee eee 775, 958 
DOLYONELINL vide ir et eee 956 SUAQTUETSED oar oie ajelol ie Gio e ee (iss 95t 
DIULDUPLOWULT Yves aie ee ee 955 technicum=<-|.).02 ese eee 775, 958 
TUGULILMUM oss nheis ARae e 955 HE LOR eA Re D Sorat das aos cos 818 
CALUORNUCUNU nite te ee ee 956 ZSIZANIOUES sions ae Bos Oe Deke eee eine ere 979 
ROLES ONG pag oo SET IA TEE DD Oia SOLE 955 DOPZO. toes sie cen ee Coe 773, 775 
SEPUCEUIMUS Severe Re 8: Soak ese ee heen et I OT 956 SOUTETASS! 528. Fae aici e oe laa e ace ole oete eyateuo ene tee 570 
SELL OOSUTIUR TERS cera Se TT ee 955 South German bent... 1. «cist cece nae ae 341 
DOLULUILU Ma, oe eesioiets Siete ee oe PERT 264, 955 Spartina’ s Nate teicreepeviats alolaveye oleyevoreneteteteteeneete 508, 958 
VULLOSUIMN MA AM eke cars Mae 263, 956 alternifloras... cos. se ise come eene 511, 958 
Sixweeksiescue merc co ott oo en So ae 59 QUOT ais o Faisicia« sieleis el levee ee 512, 958 
OT AN Aner ste cree emehsael ac vis. eos) oheteiaier tre cael nic crerne 538 AV OSGs si che sis Sabre Gee ee ee ET 512, 958 
PTASS ne Ce OR ee 462, 532 QMECTICAUNG Fo. ovis a cielo ta ee ee 959 
CHTECKHA WI ct oor eeter es. oats Sree ee ce See 468 bakentsci. sore Soe a eee 508, 512, 959 
Skylinesbluesrasss eee. ase see eae eee: 132 CACSDILOSA Reni acta dele eres tee eee 508, 513, 959 
PIECED YVALTASS Wen seats cio arer elt Ae eee eS eae 458 CYMOSUTOIDES Se ieee «ners foci 509, 959 
SS len erser Ia rcsrs lets cite aise te cee eee Lee 537 QUTEO-MOATOGINALD. «2% ss cos ss mallee 959 
MAIN OTASS seen eee hearers 293 MePTACilis.,. i. Gis se sew oe ee 959 
OR ids oid Se OC tore ee Gi ER lone c 300 MIUCNAUTIATG .1c cles @ Sicke wie 6 oo Oe 959 
WCU PCPTASS pievels sicies evens cic come or eieheletomees ial ene 283 ANGI OT ava Sosa walks See one eet os 959 
WIHEALETASS ies ayant uencne ie eee te eee 230, 238 POLY StachyG..24 6. eee 509, 959 
SlimMbLridens ee iiss tee cee Ce ee ae 216 densiflora var. typica subv. brongniartiforma _ 
Slimstempmubilye eens saree ce Cee 399 OCULD 2 Bbc Bias Cat ae Ee 959 
Slougherassheses po oe ace ee ee eae 508 JUNCI{ONMNIS.. «wee woe ee ee eee 960 
PSIEUGELUE, RUMULESIt harass eee ave hse alt etna erence 847 LOWOSS sie42c iolciyoete ole eke eee 511, 959 
e1oabd (ey fa paises oh Aine GC MNCS Ctl tees Oar 437 GLQOTOS svc eh eG ies eee oe ee ROO 958 
MTG MemMeli case te cucceie: teks «ss orcs SISNeT ee es 193 QlberniflO7G. 0.6. «science oe eee 958 
SMOOLMIDROMEs wares freer cra eee oles DULOSW@ cvs cle 8k Wee < NOR RC RELEE 958 
COTO ETASS Sere Meee ens ee eee ee 511 QOULN Sc vo ore lls eis oeisie wae hice OOO EEE 960 
CEADSTASS 2 ees ieee enh oe o eee EEE 576 PT ACUIS ins Sire Rickie cove ees ied MA ee OE 513, 959 
SmuUtorasseeee tee oe eee Oe eee 418 FUNCEW SS x0 v.00 «cists o wale «eres sO Ce 959 
Sobtichesses eee seemed ce eee ee 49 QMETICONG: . 1c . b how ose Ee 959 
Soil-binding grasses. ...4, 38, 100, 140, 144, 173, 230, BARRETT oes oie. a0 Cis codva aie's © eget ge nie Oe 959 
249, 329, 332, 509 DOLETUS!> oc wie. olgtere’s ole Whois Orel sie ie 959 
Sollpbuilderses ean cnecc three ee eee 4, 508 FUNCLLOTINISS soos oo. oe en eos ee 512, 960 
ollingeeTassesiran « eco eiieeeke cee oe 2, 695, 727, 794 Laevigaia:: 6. «soc ccs Some civic ee ate 958 
Sorghastnumie a settee: Soe ene 775, 956 VEVQTENG seco deka ek not vedi eee Abe 959 
AUVENLLCEUIM a aces Hahei ore Se sie nick se eee 775, 956 MOATUVNG SSDs GLUT. os osc Ene 958 
ClliOttita ae er ee ke Oe COE 777, 956 GLEErNtflLOTG. > cto eee co Oe eT te 958 
LUNN AEATNALINE «wore oa Sieve 6 ore oe 956 QUAD scare osc « doe crest eos 6.5 Oe 958 
TLUGATIS Messy creer ahcnekaisttie! aleve a stater tans 775, 777, 956 DLLOSG!s siete «. sTeiclevelorsieies edele lL eennee te 959 
SCCUM AUN 2 orcto ss ciche ove, sateberans oe cane CUTS SY Mo mernilltt . sciccb sins os 0 plea eeee or 959 
Sorahumstese eae erie eke ae eee 773, 957 MUCNBULUAIG «ccjeinie « wie oie) e ais te eteirteener 509, 959 
CRCLOLUN are tnete Cine ch oie tee ee ee 811 Sth Ved icc. go are bere ore wis, over eters NOES oes 959 
ORGETILEULIIGS 6c. Fe Soleo Be Ie 816 EONAUTOT io o0 o.ss-n yo WT 8e dle wks Cie he GR oon 959 
QUE CEUNMN hrc eo Seats a. recente Morse ae Ae 956 MULLGFLOTE = «cso ee oe ys ee ee eee 960 
DICOLOT She pec: Nett see Cae oe nec One eee 957 DALENS ores ice ae Cera 509, 514, 959 
RE DISA De ce Co ond pau a de aubeodoCor 812 CQESDULOSGs Nee.) a a eee soe 959 
CADANMIUSTUS Som k cae Ric etn eine eo ie 812 OE 60 OO OOF & OnOncoreanc t 514, 959 
COU MOTI He teierc aks) Neiep totes ek eee tee 957 imloyairigggu0 douoOsbddL ao so0a< 514, 959 
CULT ALUII aie ono oh role honed hell oeckebere omeas cle RC 812 PECtINAtALIe cle ler eheels 2 ite toler eee 509, 959 
CONEOTEWUIN ce Oe eee eieiele a etede cae oe ete 883 SULELEU c steidte s/a. 0 ole wise ele tie erene nao ner nee 960 
ONUIMNLON Ue te tee vere ete eres cio tr ae 958 Dutta ertinccn merce cteseteistslolelstelepenistorey ee Br). 
CLLV OL to ee Sire ou cie tee, cab cre hoes eee oe 812 MOLY SLACRYGsic.cicic1e1e = oleielc «ele ofehseterete ete 509, O50 
GLOMENALUNY oc bic scree ee eee 813 DUMULG. ew felewi sie sicher vole che she ele) eee reer 959 - 
OTOCUUE Parc Fede Ble on ie oe Re 813 SCHTEbDETIs:.,c ac oo 2 cs Su estos ae ee eee 508 
NSlEPENSE® .c-ray rote seus een torenciors ere veketo Es 773, 957 Spartinae..) or. Be oso Ooo 508, 512, 960 
SACCRATALUIM . 6) oio e. sienadeci «ie © Sloleete Oe 958 stricta var. alterniflora.........-eeeeeeee- 958 + 
| i ERs SAE Pee A Peers Oe PE ES lye OTe 813 QUGDTG doe coat oe wo oteisiei els et eee 958 
a 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 


Spartina stricta—Con. Page 
TORN Ag GO BG0 80.6 SOO OO OO DID RON EOON 958 
GO WTISEIN CULE ee wevalte ay ly stay ar a sataveueerwtetationebs Saiteeytaite 508 
“PSOE a 5 bars qabretece eT ROISIOO MRE DORMER Le CEES e ch Rare 243 
ISHDRLERUCLI LLC TYING ayeaelenscmetohetels crarersieicneieieleler=l « 847 
Sphaerocarpa, group of Panicum............-- 664 
SDMEMOpMolisnee tierce coronal lie net aeodaneseis 283, 960 
PU TLUL Ome nV aR er goatee isac ais oT eat ol oh one ah ake oriak witere tomate 962 
CUPOTHG is Was Clem OO CO CIO ee 962 
TOUUKEOPE STU CIG S, POMBE Es a) 8 ial cars IAA a iene Sha 285, 960 
(UCI OER Geo eh ois Cece RU eo OE OE RED 961 
LOCHIIES ioc tee 5 eH Oe LO ER Ce cea 976 
MMNCETIME CLA ape RUE ay itor ha ny eenlpenenciahes 283, 960 
BIULE TTL DEC ot a Petter ae Hayl te aitoy  heslaPial okt chav awan slop hect anes 976 
Mora eI ORAM ee eis rokerras stato esas eve eke was 285, 960 
ATWO Noy Se genoa ch Geer RU CORDE a OR eae eee cae 285, 960 
aL KoNO Rahs 55 AA eS ARE Oe are 961 
OWUUS ACA ee rire ee orare de oon ereeesete eet 283, 961 
UOD CEO ee ON el oi orat hak ora ov acl ov woes ones 
DUT ULGSCCTUS lec era seen eee tedetetonetls 962 
DONO OHO GA Ee ERO De ee 961 
PU EMS Ae ara oe arae Gal et Sumac 285, 286, 960, 962 
VORUG UOT ER MET Ts tec cna Sears rehahe 960 
WUMOP SSS bs SD EES EE DDE CE RO Eee 960 
UOT OSS AES AO ODOR Oe One 976 
WLCIULOS Cae teres Bees aR oie cs Ge eke le eetete ens 976 
DETLSULVO TUCO Me Mie risve) Foros ater kaysee Realtors 976 
WOOO ee Sy Sahn GOO ae 976 
(DUDOSCOD Sorc SOONG LO ep oP Ee 962 
OO WUSED Mm tae Mal ORBEA nea) ew ial eran eraictenhie Sete Gs o06 962 
DIGS TER ASS ener eee ais Sic dhe as Mia cuese 465 
Spikepoentteres srry crud bware< sevlevcie v esoistadne seve 347 
GEO PSECU Maes. Gate aN em ac seret Roa alanis bre pieliallotiens 427 
TN; 's'p:n-5 o's Go} as AO RE pee eae 387 
DA PDUSLTASS Ea Wiei see Ae cystapens ois siaraatele de olals 227 
EO Ai ereWAr Nene cool coh oko aa wiaoavaiwlenniels eats 302 
EMIS EU TTIP GMMR Mla ek ci Aue oe tala sun ce alekene 289 
Spikeletastructurevols = > shccc. sess calc deoeees 
SDUNOCNIOE PANICULALG nes ha dace s ses slt cleo eee 948 
Spirotheros melanocarpusS........+200 eee eeeeee 883 
SHOCHOOONWG s Ses oS Mot oes Wine ene 413, 962 
AITOICLOS earn eu icnssehoh saeteus oueckea ste 413, 428, 962 
DEMO Sstis oe bn Sot OE BOO 966 
MOSITOOISSS coy 5 5 tld RE oe ee 966 
TOUDOP sd 5-0 ho RO ee 966 
THOGURU Ds odiabiote oO OE acer 964 
OPOOHOGUISS o's 3.0 66 SOC Cee CE CDE Aaa 899 
URGFULUOS 5. ook 6 06 BD Gib GE OD ee nD 425, 965 
OVP UDTOIMUD Sto cs sb BODO OO Ene 901 
QUZOTUUC ALS a PE I ee ee Ss Bis eabe eeenyel 964 
CA SOOIOMUS a6 626. CS tad OE BOO Oe IE oe 965 
AS DOLE ora ns eee le rece wie ee bees 417, 962 
GiNCINON GU eae Aes Ci ek ee 962 
MOO KEe rib eet eine Ca Aaa os axed 417, 962 
DOSS 50's o-oo elb.o 6 EE eee 417, 962 
CSDGPUOBOUES S 60 0c bidlo csr Gi OL er CHEE in RO 905 
OSV ONS. 6 4s boo'6.6 bo GAM be OO Ca on 388, 899 
DRA OH Dn0 6 5606.6 6 oe ae 899, 900 
TLDYIOP o 010 6 0-6:01010 0 De ee 899 
AMACWOLM Se. 6% COG. 6 5:8 BCI OO OE run Beas 417, 962 
CUTPICOMAWIS 5 516 b0.0 6.0 CO oO RECENT ono. 388, 899 
OOATOIDUD S 6.66.8 6b 0 oR oe 418, 965 
OO OCIARE 5 'S\o-0 6 Sidley Se a ae EEE A 94 
WFCDICUWISG 5 6 6.5 0'6 COBO OE NA ee oe 900, 905 
buckleyaseeen nee. Wefel casket alge eye os 428, 963 
CORMOOCRS so oss 68D DOR EAE es 418, 963 
Clandestimust eyes ee eclaneemaee 418, 963 
COMLMPOSOLOIOS 0.619 din. clo 0 Oe OER ROR enone 
COUMUMBSIB 5 5 o:n 0 Oe he Hn OE ee 390, 907 
COMPUSUSIVAT NGA DVETEOIUSH Gano s doch iene. 906 
GORTACHILs Spb ee oo oo RE ae ee 427, 963 
CLY plandnusmenereeneer se ene 413, 425, 963 
LET LOS ILSEU AM eet ree che eae Ae ees 963 
TUTTO 6 5 oo. BR che oO Le ee 963 
OMOOLMDD > oo to SO CEE OD CE 963 
PODS. 3% ead OO Sb cuca Pia eet 963 
SERUCUUS RP RAS eaR IN eek ee eee es eae 963 
OOO 16s CO VIGOR Oe OAS ene 963 
CULLISSLIE PEN Weenie IN tena eae A clawensaee 421, 963 
CUS MOH sino boos oe NSO ee 900 
HADRYVCTOMOS x ot 6 Skt Dota aE MC Ane 905 
ELUOTINUS AA Ci nian col teh i a when ena hs 901 
GESCTLUCOLUS Sn) eo tee See 899 
CIF UR SUMIB SY o Has eI Es ee ee 962 
Gistichaphuyllwseey wae ee inc wwe scene 899 
Gominvensish qos sunt Sei eee ake 425, 963 
CRUCT obs 8 ose Bela Soe eee obs Jee 417, 962 
CHULTUGUALUS PRM epee r dele as ents eaehs ton ciewdiee one 964 


LOM TACUS Mere eae hoe iis Sites RAS OSS 418 


8S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 


Sporobolus—Con. Page 
ALU CUL INST ae ston Isle nore BV a Gs oe hae 906, 965 
SLI ORLOOSSIS Oe 0 HOS GENE ORO IO. GIGETE OOO RO Se 901 
flexuosus...... EGE yh ol Mraicu hs Siar cipanavohe tans 413, 427, 963 
HOridanustyate de eee eee eens 421, 963 
CULTEUSSU UMP cee Ite Pa eu one TeRe hor ohare res 963 
IPAM CSUs eto eae inl atte eee anaes 428, 963 
GEA CULUS el ete stetaete gy re RADI al CAI igt 423, 964 
ORACULUIIAUS PA ae heist Le Le 901 
INeterolepises At eve states eos eines Pei 420, 963 
LIT AUCUSRA ies eens Meet he shee 413, 418, 963, 965 
CI LIGTAO SOR AEE serrate rs Ree IY Aas Ba iF EAU es 900 
UVOTOUIUAUIES EA ond) alee en Re eee 963 
INteLruptUSHars es ono eee 413, 420, 964 
YACCUE MONI rain ciecaieek rnin echene 963 
VOTVESTUS Rar oreo ee Se os bE CE EE 902 
EET CUS reer eas ic eed eater Ble va one eae ap eae ee 423, 964 
UCN ARCKITE RT ra eee 964 
Ligulatiush sone ys carn tices ee ee 404, 900 
Lotion alismes. jc cnt see e nem eee 420, 966 
CLOM GALS IA ary DS Een aera aes oor ta eae 965 
LOT GU OLIV US shear ie zee ote 962 
TINA CORE ee reise eeu tuce cet ete ccics be eee het emanate ae 417, 964 
MUCHOS DENTLUS Eee ee 374, 904 
UD OGTR a ceo Re eR REE REEMA COE EEE On GOA AA COS 
TMUNULUSSUIUULS eae Tree eer eres 904 
TUUNUCTLDEN UVa ke eer oiiee Coreen ee 981 
MOA ll iyo ie dS Maracas nate tneaee rotlows toe osteo eee 427, 964 
MO CIECEUS ay akseci caer een een nT aeheaeesners 417, 964 
OVGLUE Sere ee Wee iets cn ou ecceds Seca a Tel aeRO AICI aes 965 
OZATICU TUS ee i reer 417, 964 
[OLN Kb 0S \eec CeCROR See eS Bre CHALONER Tee miro Gon cia mene 415, 964 
DULOSUSIE Ae tia eis eca ss oe ape E RR eTO 417, 963 
DOG CUE Soars cr sehotee sess oetaveneuaveh isurtesaseuayals 418, 964 
Pulvina busine ieee ace 415, 965 
PUTDUEASCENSree ear eirsro cron eee 423, 965 
JOhiage Naoto WAbIIn oo ny Gio b oO MeMOU Uo do o6 oe 424, 965 
TA CEMOSUS aay uP ie cin ei cece eey Sivek Uo ar at ccy eke 907 
PON ULOS WS eae seas o Sasah avshisee ewe RSs 374, 907 
TROP OT OS Ss ate PUERTO eee ODS RE IO ee oiC 905 
EUCRAV ASOT 1a rae tone ie chee palet aie ores tee 905 
SOVEUIUUS Be ey cel haters at Miewen lec seicua sacha one eee 965 
SOCOLUUL GN Nel eee Le oso av Sew ee 907 
SOTIMENCOS ILS ee RE IE acl Ge ae ee 899 
SCTOLUVILS Serta ae eee cas cent eee 390, 907 
SUI VSATUS ee chet toe oreediis veneu sl pice enue toee 421, 965 
SUM DUCT ai tec ar trae yeaa O Gy iy ot c3° 0 Jel pialle nual sir Nes 901 
AAPL IDA OG Die OG OO ROI OIE eoicha cb. 901 
SERUCEUUS iter a ae eta ae yoko. See 428, 963 
LEMUUSDUCD a miner Ne eke ona Teese: a Oe 
COretilOl usa e pale ene cece oe 421, 965 
TO XAMUS igeccn care Mare ar eame aieneaiRoeene 430, 965 
iL OVEN ty 0) U giz ese ae ach AOA er aa MER Mere el le 430, 965 
LALOR ETOH SIRO AEC RNY aon RARER At aon ss Se 906 
OLR AY OMAR OPED eS ORME PO Cea Orne Tice 390, 907 
GRICHOLEDUS i x acute che ethane PE Be 6 
ATUL PLOT USE Sao eo ee AG: oles he tee RE OE 390, 907 
CITC CRS Sra a See a ER Re RSET Fao 382, 907 
WL GUIVOEWS Sisores cron tene ais) 5) Soe Se ne 965 
VA SIMIMOERUSE oars petals. ewer suey aendnte cone 416, 965 
TIUGEQUGLUS soc5 Seafecnecno nial d-0 ck ae CLM Reon 965 
TUUTVO NE te OE AO eee aoe, Ware 965 
MOQ UECEUS Minn ss acre aieticrt eee 964 
VAT TENI CUS Ha eee Pace ee cene ee eccre as eee eee 418, 965 
QUOUILU tee hea EE SL Scolar AE ESE 907 
TOA OH AD Reiger SES sara eal Oe alin Sn ar 413, 430, 966 
PLA elope aie wave sleet oho aieeioe leece eee 491 
OT COMES fic hears is ev antist nralle: opto! Sonya RICRN TUL ae 491 
Fi eX0 listed aac Rs et EROS oet aE Aa PEED wnt seas cesHe ye 492 
Spreadine wheaterass.. (1.5 «1c cree eisueereene 240 
Spreta-s2roup of eanicum, .2..5 «ec eerie 654 
Squirreltale es ak oo cise ons otleke onencyuorniie ee: 262, 263 
Dae sr hepsi ies eee ce mcm aereact are HOIEe RS 263 
1G La ve(s) 0 Ha a corte RE UA No 263 
SLO DAGROL Os Sharcie csr al eietecae ard here ee 997 
COLUSA Rance ches ich tee eee 908, 997 
Btargrassii threes suites oy cthn sd Sacttcis ants Aen eee etre 
SOTHO Goaliticnnnaqacdauonopoonoenudean oe 947 
Steinchisma Gwvaricatum.....ssc.sssosccces ser 875 
1 OTS API a OLE IO EAR nee HDR Sy ee 918 
SLelEMhuUuras PRALensisars tas. cleaner lence) oak 936 
Stemipofigrassesiie ts sieseclerscccs se oes) aenemege means 6 
SLETOCRLOG CAIUOTNUCG Ht veicrnce eel eoe cent 856 
Stenotapurumme neat eeniceac erence 585, 966 
UMC Sono SOD DOH OO OOO DOH Ooe TOUbC 966 
dimidiatum var. americanum.........0200. 966 
SCCUNGAUTMN haa ba siee eee a ee 966 
(9 Kei) 0} a0 oa Verena BA a eS PPE RR cna ron SIC 585 
AMETLCATUUN US aro en ere Noe 966 


1046 | INDEX 


Stenotaphrum—Con. Page Stipa richardsoni—Con. Page 
SAQUMENLOSUIN faa.s se ena Rea oiotets COE 966 MOJO a a esas Dae ois Sas ore Oe See 968 
seolndatum = 2 sacs oe ee ae ee 585, 966 TUCRGTOSONI « « osicsoie hws ee en OO 909 

Warlegatum-\.. <7.) cies soleieletaeore te 586, 966 TODUSLAS eee eee 437, 445, 458, 968 
Sn fa PCE pp ia nanan dbnddodcaandom soca p oc 155 TODUBLE vic\so- die Raters Fos Oe Lee 968 
tIPAt ee A iehid She estes 6 oes ae eee eee 445, 966 SCHIDNEEL 55:35 c:0 csloiensioile 2 amici oivore 437, 457, oe 
angulata sie ee sa ee oes eee 98 SETECED Sad Stns shee ine ok eee 
ATIC esr te Re AO IA hotore alr ee 459, 966 Spare Foo i cae br reek CELE Bee 
BVCTIACCR he Seriis oe ths aoe eee bee ee ee 450, 966 SPart6as. oessetes Adee cione eee 445, 450, 779, 968 
bicolone t/82 855k o.o5 he Oo Fee 966 Ourtiseta s.)37 5485 So ate ae eee 450, 968 
AVENACLOIOES Hs hen EE eee on 450, 966 tweed yi rssh c Ses os Ce ee EEE 967 
barbatawae en ne nO ee ee Ee eee 966 SPCClOSA sf vice eects s pa ecisterceeeee 445, 448, 968 
DLOOM ETI os 0th cise Se eee 909 MANOR So oisid oa Siw hls Bone eRe Oe 968 
brachychaeta ts sas en ssn ose eee 460, 966 SDIUCOLG sce oc cs Bo oe be wae OE OEE 984 
COMUCI I TA era Sits aia ee Ge Oe ee 909 Splendens=--\0..2. heties octet ree 460, 968 
Califormmicatrerne se A oe 437, 456, 966 stillmantice.. cemkes neon See 448, 968 
COILS ONMACH oe seers Rie es he OE 968 SETECLD A oc acs Oe he ioe ols Ce 967, 984 
CONAMENSIS Are Pheiscorofoiwlete eters ls cnet ee 909 SDATSULOTO 2 es oa oe oes Cae 967 
CODIULATIUS See ee eee er 899 SUD UL ALAS. =o s,c cleo cela eee ee EEE 968 
Capillata nwa: emcee tee oA er 967 tenacissima.. 2 4.) neice 445, 460, aoe 
COTUCEOY AR ctAtS at Re an EE 900 CONUS sos Giais cs everson eee 
COENUSer eae oe eee Hie Cee ee 453, 966 tENnulssIMa sac aor eee 460, 5G8 
CULTALUD Sires iesc ee trate eho tO nee 967 thurberianace. eee cee 437, 445, 454, 968 
CUTT OSHS eG eh she ts ele eye ee ee 968 ERDECAYE Xo. co.c yc oteloucte!avafols iano eee 
COMMbDIAN AAs csc is a eae 437, 445, 458, 966 CLLRY 7) IIRC OIG COCO FOU o0.0B5 65 7 Oe 458, 968 
MESON ho nts eek are eee ee 458, 966 VELLOSH ios sinks oS ele st ve Eee 956 
TLCLSONA Aavetalctch tte PA eee 966 UU GUNICD «ones eres eceiste Seo noe ae 966 
COMA Lares errcrt sso eeaeis, Ast sav aie totes 445, 452, 966 Viridulart ces ee eee 437, 445, 457, 968 
ANGERINCCIAG 212-505, 6 eis Ct eee 452, 967 letlermand:.< ioc: 5s duets ee ECE 967 
SILLONSORE EEE Ree SO eee 452, 966 MATLON G ssieso.0.6, svetesele.c, cele e 966 
SUL SUOT LG Be. eesti ie lela tere oe elon heen 967 DUDESCENE s.< sis.0.0'0) os oleleleiere siete eee 967 
COLONACA. Ae wie ste syeselnte Cicte sto oyspeveis\oietane 449, 967 FODUSLD. aorcin ne «.- citvels shee ee cee OEE 968 
depauperatasse = sctns aco ce eee 449, 967 WEDDENT Has s,0)5, 0 so'cesiels 00550, oO LL EEE 910 
EON) (USER AH EL DIE c 967 williams a2) a. hee eee eee 458, 969 
CULVILOM aM tree. oa eee ee eee 456, 967 SU DOTYZOPSIS ore eee eee 437, 909 
GEMUSSAMT EE ei nee ee 893 OOMETE » Soha cya seca hoses Oe 909 
GICZOENSIS ae. Tce ee 459, 967 CODUCON ice, ore eee ae Le. 909 
AU USA ee ooh oo teleiene ton te res 899, 966 Stolons:.- see 22 oii ee ee ee 6 
elegantissimaveen..... .. corn on. cee 460, 967 Stoutswoodreed=.=. ose eee eee 355 
Cl meric ie speek. scree metre n ros ....455, 967 Streambank wheaterass.. . . = ssits.1-s lero 236 
CMINENS sve E REE Ce Geo eae 453, 967 Streptachne, section of Aristida............ 462, 465 
COG OO CPR eS AIG OC BROOD Dic 967 Streplachne cubensis 5. os. cy a es eae eee 823 
CN CCU MMe Toke Ste CT Oe 967 GOMANGENSTS. <6. 5.8 bee. cc ee ee 814 
CLDATSG Sota LRA fotetoteie sister eee 882, 983 POTCAGNG®, ésro.bie se tiers alot me EL 820 
STOLL TIS LT NSE ey Hie aot re ee aR ee nl 936 SCOOT GE nee earls chee nla ee Cee 823 
LC TULOSC eee eet eh os soie ee eek eer 967 LENRWES ose Skene, shel ed UO oO ee 823 
WASSEU As rr Re Aone fate ee 967 Sudan iprassv ease ee eae eee 775 
humilis var. jonesiana.....-..--<s2-+:-6- 968 Sugarcane -eaaee sisi cect eee eee eo eeene 740 
SDECLOSQ re efake nck sk te he nee ae sence 968 Chinese 2s soc dees ki tack eee 743 
RYMENOLAES Se 5 ent Oe Bo ee 910 1X0] 9) (Se OOOO AMIRI AHO Oe osc 743 
UT COA ycc ete tevet eV toh vet Pen cte toto ake cterere tenon eee 967 DIlUMELTASS Vo coors e hoe eee 746 
TEC RAE AeA EA RE Oe eS SNE Ce EG & 909 Sweet: tanclehead) 9) 4450-2 eee eee 781 
LTO OGOR US Scie Cn et A eA rere ae 910 Vernal grass .ci... ceele sles oi OOC ECE 549 
Latif OliG eee ce AG oa 908 Sweetgrass ecoieio ve wis os oe ese ei Ee 547 
latiglumis Mere ryicebrc ene eres 455, 967 Californiais2 2:3 sso hic coe ce eee 548 
FEMIMONI ehh ic ciste eee oe 445, 457, pee VEENAl STASS | syeie cis al evoie, iolele ole Oe Ie 549 
LY] OMCSUG ort ata tht e) «ere eee 967 Switchicanes. ssisc6 ener ee Eee 29 
Lepid are acest cot 2 eo Ie 453, 967 BLASS ome olde ac ele CO 627, 697 
ANGETSON se sapeveheyasciciers ote ee 454, 967 Suntan TUGUAD vic 26 oisins ele: 6 his ebalencions s Ee 948 
lettermantsenhernton. as) ore 445, 458, 967 SYUNLRETISMGA’s 5,03 60s.o oe oes eee 573 
leuootricha aie 448, 967 2 ETE APE APO Et HG GOO oa.5.6'0 oo - 854 
Vo baiting a eperctetire orovalccste ear sire 456, 967 Garbatumlscoy- ccd oe ee 576, 855 
TULCOUTRAY aciorcisr ce oes Sicio Noe eee 909 CRANENSTS  csvo sion Sel oe eee eee 856 
MELANOCOT-DE ae hols © eo ero eR Oe 883 GUGtOLUNE sole ook soe ae a EOE 576, 854 
UE UEURE (OTA AAs BB OGR UD GoDb SO ee Oooo 910 JUSfOr MAS 2.2 leis a cere he OCLELE 85 
MU TOVN ees eee aoe Ee CE Re 458, 966 SPUMNDTIALUT Eo ire. Sco Bins OE Oe 855 
MONGOLICAA sso cle eee sale eee 968 PlOTIAGNUNGS Foe bce iene 6 cele fe CoO 854 
STCOTINOTEUMD cho eh atets nsec diela a ctel alot ate ttaiele eke 966 QUADTUM ao mies ald ths ee Ee. 854 
MECSIAN AGA Hor PUN ANA Se es 460, 967 OT ACUUING se rcrccsiscerek Oye ee a Eee 854 
MELSONUM ye Na NA as Re ee 966 humifusum....... or oce odes ce oe eee Omoom 
MEOMEICAN Ae. crericeivlciaiua siete eee 445, 447, 967 GNSULATIS . = dinca hie «a hs Sole elon ee 970 
LOOSAL AITO TIRES a OA iets ee en pet ea EB a F 968 MChAEMUM Ho oo esis 6 ons see ee 855 
Occidentaliss......20 002000 437, 445, 455, 967 LeUucocoma::...o cece: cchion ee EEE 856 
MONLANG «2,5 SAA Oe oko er ee 968 Wa COTIAS ccc. 5,5 bie ths, dae he ee hee CO ee 855 
OCCU EN ANS eS nc Fasei sre) 0,o1 0 0 ols ich otal oisistetap sete 966, 968 MUSSISSLPDLENSES. =. 22s > ae eu 855 
OT COOMEN SUS irc Foo oe 967 longiflora i. ik cnc as oeeicho chee 859 
DOTASHAG ete oe aie oi shat ctctseals «. elatel edict deter eenay 967 MATGUNALUM 0. oo ve os es = Eee 859 
PEPAU PEN ALG 72.8 vin oicisicie | ae eee ee 967 PQUCOTUM «oo aie oie oie eyelet 859 
DON ULPOTO Rare clotare seehersiisie ere inet 968 PUOAECOL <n oio:s oleic oie «ie © le lohetalayeraperess eee 859 
CES Sone guoosobedaedcoodaos 445, 460, 968 SGNGUENGIES.... 2 oo. oe cere one eicie ofeieeta eee 855 
WCO=MELICEING .) so eis care ere ee whoa 967 BOP OLENUIMN «5 bos. cscsins 4 oso ee Eee 855 
pinetorum sae vero cs Oe 459, 968 SCLOSUIM ...,0 oicidc, <coiesc wioeie oie lel ORE 576, 854 
DOLCOre ye eee Oe 454, 968 SUMNPEONE «Lise. vn e wie ee wees Ce 856 
pringlei yee. ee roo CL Dee 453, 968 DULOSGs o.co.aselaie busts Oa wea see ele 856 
Lemmontiiceon ee EEL eon 967 
DIUNGLEY Sea. Re Oe AEC 968 Taeniatherum caput-medusaé......2.20--02-00- 861 
Dulchrans.. eee none an eee 445, 452, eee Tall’ mannagrass 320 gcc cis os «6 coco oer 82, 89 
COVIUUG Seo orcs ne chal oko loter cto stetoree oe OALZTASS.... cece ec eres ccccescreeereceee 305 


Page 
Manel ches Wier vder cscs searaierc. cis avaketacopeve aoa Se) aone aces 779 
EAIY CIOL BG. GOR ene OLE ORCC RD ECDC RD ONCN ater een Eni 78 
MIRA OS ere reese IMR Sao ave Faiier Bhel eval Stanst Piakerete wie woe ouahE 274 
PING Haren estat oS SST aoa deve ielaogy Gams aie awe save io tnmwcais 168 
Tenera, group of Panicum....... Tere Aiea cera 700 
MIRO OSITNEC Mee coh tas alot she a efiote se aia) henniekal oar aeve fehl 792, 794 
WWiexi Gamay screen nes minnie sauce ann iileine 794 
MOTE MPSTASS sarees lsc a Mea: aah Sin abe euoenalihate 262 
RET ELUGICU TD ALO Men- eraih Seale er aie es eieus ene Who oretake 865 
alopNila santas yeast oie ek oasineta sek 864 
lGrSUTMHPUSe.6 b00 bona bobble OoodUC ud uD uD 864 
DEPUM Gs gto Ore Bon Cee ERR CRO NE ROPER aig Cit ec aC 864 
DUGG UIMUCO ay sewrat trey oo oat ares kks areas aura lady bile) bes alee ee 864 
PerrevliGicANQGdensiS. 2. sce ss eccs sss e sete c ese 861 
UCU CUR OLVO MRR AP cre ieiuans ptisG Gla esis, eeallene! ote 861 
GUVERSLQULMUSH me ole Belle tek hice leks disle wees 862 
QUE COPE ep stel oe Boe ela Sta bog ae ele’ 862 
ATULCORUILUGE an oneal ie, ia te Fees. eleive 863 
ERAPROHAER 05 Set oe asec Meaty TA Sea REA Oe aoe 864 
DUGG LUCA AEs Arena ene ok ELS Bale OR Re a 864 
SUL OIILULLUC Oe an fener ite Mas de ye Bia) aisle ES 865 
Mexasbearndoerassacoc cok ee ewes ok eb ae eles sas 753 
DIME eT ASS Mine aera ay ci aan An Batons rel oe 100, 106 
TMS Ceri ere me ee tic rots cree Sok a rele 684 
mMeedleorasskee senate tte, s sevaraie mee sare eke 448 
WILLIE COM nie eo Beet Pierced Sait Sa usit) wd sie eualsere arash 561 
Mhammnocalamus 220. . es. 2.5. os) oe cg eee wee els 29 
WWeMmed apes svat esta ete none 789, 969, 1000 
SWORDS as i. CARO Eo AERO One ear 969 
PIANC CAM MM aCe fete See wee Tite eee as. « 1000 
GQuilaidinivallivisis see ee ee ieee es 789, 969 
HPUQMOGU RB n0, BOLE cis one BEE. Ae LOE ear 1000 
Thickspike wheatgrass.............00.00ee0ee 235 
Mi merassmmeicy kee fue wns See ce ok 346 
Pyar t alee sine Mee ey glee Ske a Ql 
Meera Wren MERE OM 5 ee ot 460 
ANWAR eb O18 So CREEL OE Ra eee 477 
Hem cll ere nemnw cee cern P/F ce ne 476 
JEGENVENGL., Sb cis, 8 SH Gia Sei Re Pen es en 470 
oinel andre ey ar een ep ena ee ht, 478 
TOOT G.S o Orochi eS ce tite re eee Geo teenie 471 
POL AMC eae aaa era aks cette ee SCP ce" vo 468 
DUG De era toe tei olie) Meco amishe seo sbese A474 
TREO os Sgr 16:0 ier bec CO Oy Oya a eae eR 474 
VEEL C MOM a Petts cite nets ts fae lope ete weal ahe wrae la 473 
SIRWCC KS Meee penn n tin gaoue CN (Mee ES Nee 468 
NWVOO LOTT Rete ema arcana ith cere ee any ol po 472 
mlree-Hower meliche. sucde so. eS ae oSic ale de we 201 
Mhunberdbentmrccc a cnet edu ited eel cie ns 338 
LESCUC RENE eR eRe OSS Sie cll Oprah he LL) 58, 70 
meedlegnasstae tio vinds cs hese aca c 454 
Thurberia arkansand..........00 cece cece eee 893 
(DUDSB 5 6 6G BOR BIOS 6 oes ee ee ee ata at oa a 893 
Thysanolaena agrostis............0.00ceeeeeee 969 
TUNASANOTES SG 6 06 & 0-0 p Gai OLD GrOnen te Eee REE 569, 969 
FOROGAO 0 6 0 6.4'0:0. 69615: 0a, BiG eC uNC IOS ORE 2 
AI DISCC HERG eee oka phys eNO) 6% 707 
Mille tiagaspenitoliaee eri tet. cits eee aG (oes 388 
Mimberioavenassten shock siete seine hee 310 
Timberline bluegrass. ......... 0.0.00 .0 ce eeee 130 
Aino thyererer er rile ve ies ok he ae 367 
UOWNDS oy aoid o 6-0 TiO STIS oe ee aC PL yi 367 
MODOSAREEASSH Eerie ak So cocoa Seles 487 
Mmoothachererass anes he ee SS a 516 
TOPPASB 3 0'b 0&0! 00-05 18's SEE ere Ea 547 
OVD 5:5 0.080 ood ae RES GA Ore 884 
METPOUDIPLD 5.5.0 dio ac O a ee Se 884 
TUES 000.0 9. 0-0, 0 6 bo OE GA ECT OnE 884 
OUORDHS 0 6.6 5618 soe OSS FLA ae 884 
POLE yaMeliCn ee eee eg eee es 203 
Torreyochloa californica. ...........0 cece eee . 879 
RODD... 66:68 G0 0 06. GA eos GEL Ree eae 879 
HOFROUNG 5 0.0:6.0.6 6 6 OP Ce ay ene 879 
OHISUD 9.0556 3.0 Bib b'G. Vat aa A, Te ee 880 
(DCUMC 4 & 5.6 OIE > Ob.0 ARNO Le 880 
DORN CUNORG 010.63 o's Moke Ao tices tate pane ee 881 
MOSAGTVSNAGTOSUIACE MD Wy es. DS ee ed 899 
OLEUIUGNGLGUTLLCUM Rae te niles ce okt ek 843 
GZZCUL LAMA GLCSLUSMER Te IE, oes steko Shetas 811 
HED 9.68 6.8°6 8061S 1 OF OLS te AIRE ERIE Ed nT ea 810 
ERUCULALE Ee I ae RG Mer hn eae 811 
MM OCHUMIGRGIStAChYG Hs ho 6k Cased ashlee 831 
Rrachymotvaraltenntford. (50) ./2 <0 he ve nen eo 958 
GUCCI OLSON pM ee ia MOG HEC ie os 958 
CUMOSUTOUL CS a erate RS eee a eh 959 
JOE G1 y 85:5 capo Gees Me cae eee 959 
DOUNSLACH UCP ge ast hs ote Sl CIN oe 959 


IRA ECO CAPs, 5 Ge No a ee 849 


Page 
Trach yOs OW ea isreverevelelelarchavelolclleieiel a) evelieyevers 781, 969 
ATO CTULCUS Hera reie le ersuaiel e Otasle davis cits oNaranei nese: sseuntans 815 
hantuStiaccasiiteoe see Ne UE eu Dt i ele atau 886 
WAG UROL ESP mien ercnertererentote orate tthe euae 815 
TTLOMtWLATL renee slarereve tes ces staan eteocns 781, 969 
plumosus var. montufari subvar. secundus.. 969 
MT ESL Ut NAT ISCCUTLLUS tele oe) ce) ohio cuvel-teictseaeras 969 
GUTS Ramiele Mi ianeoiete ole er bhete ile ava tie ale ave: 886 
scrobiculatus.......0. Bae Pn ran aA ESO 883 
BECUMAUSH Rice sess stalcliers a evereus nate eveneyenaiene 781, 969 
PESTS PUTS RAW eae ioe stone nee onl eters erate oooh ones 482, 969 
berteronianusis as asda clei leneisve stern 483, 969 
CLGLTOT MO: eis on tet ode, ii pice lela Spain nein aha 874 
MULT UCOLUS Ok eee ook) oo acoie BMS Oe ee eda 969 
OCCIDENEALS Pe Oe ee ae 969 
TA COMMOSUB Hy sse ees Sl ee eae ehee 483, 484, 969 
brevispiculasee ate ieee Geos oe 969 
LVONGUSDUCULA. eiersls soe cee el eieie tere tenons 969 
UNVOLOVMES Hoe tse eos Benes DO SOLIS 833 
Triathera aristidoides. ........cccresesscce 533, 827 
Priathenus GrOmaticus. «0... ose «ss clcicle estan 848 
Trichachne acne onc cicnd onan se aie oks a MUOeESTonae 570, 969 
Califonnicamewinaaccireiecie ieee 570, 573, 969 
hiteh Cockatiel oe orate accolo el tesasteee 573, 969 
DIDS ATI Siyscssss cies eave re a coe naa eee een 570, 970 
DAGOMS Peo cera iira dese oe cere slaps opel sneeer sees 573, 970 
SACCHONGEG A. Aalto leben ren leieborsheneneicisiane 573, 969 
Bri Ch] Oris Meee eek eee Rie eteeoneevereik 530, 970 
blanchardiand... 0... cece ccc ee ceeeee 530, 970 
CLIT AGAR ees ek ah acareaneronceeeenaeueeae 530, 970 
EYDECO Mean, hanna ae calan aia terw iu oioeeen serene 970 
POSCUCULOLO MA ea tana ahs cles Seashore ere roi dhe reer: 970 
VOU OLUGeeseeucke Oe eo Oa EA ee 971 
MNCTGOCUIGG | Pee ICN se Eee orate 530, 970 
blanchandiana.... 2% 65 oe. «oe ote cece eke 970 
DLUEIM Oram een cea a roe nee 530, 970 
DEVLUCULUCLE Cte deren et hce- & S eet hoe a Talore . 970 
Prichochloatcalycyun@ sys ci ee cin oe he > cise els . 902 
COD UL Seer ra le is tases rorenal cose eereuere 899 
LED ULES I eho Neue Ee ee een ee 903 
CLDATNSAC ao ie eBGin he Win ec leaetezoNe - 900 
PULTLOTINUS ae Cee oa a eters - 903 
OUC OSCR Se SA Pa eas scar ROR SL ET TRUER - 903 
(POUR SRA Ae OG eo HOD OO O0.0 902 
LON GUO Pa Ve eRe cick okey his nae reOe 906 
LONGUS Cbs icteric sore alse eased aye, Gen wee See oola 906 
TELECON GE woe Wen ee se eOR rine ars LCR eRoe 903 
COV GR Mo seboo nde oboe smucorundD OU - 903 
LAOUHYH oo [01 ee Re A Oe OID OOOO eC . 899 
DUT DUT CO a PN ay na oper eons eke ocho Resnetsceisionons 900 
THOU OL hae ERR RIEY CNC eo ae PRE Ee PC AREIO OOO 905 
SECLOSA MEP ei eee Ay arenes ater Garo aera Ronen 903 
SOOOLUT ERO AR MN ea eer LOL ReaeReRone 906 
COTA SLO oe a Petal 906 
DUES COIS Miles ocd nape OLE ch DR ey Tote RHR okies 907 
Mrvchodichida: prouipenrd). aca. +005 see seeieers = + 974 
Dravcnoduemualowins oo Micides. <0 si sa ela choi atdeleterellele 807 
UGTA UIT oe M choy oo cite OP NO 935 
CARLSS HO RLOM Oren Been oie Olen COR IENn Eee boot 803 
CONUS oe eS Poros 804. 
COTLCUN TUM STH Or os eela Go ae necks 804 
CECUINDENIS AE ANS eee se eA clos 807 
CLE UTNE Ss shy pesos Seca eee aN eC 803 
LATUNOT WIN A ee Oe eee oe 805, 807 
CPR aI as AOR RHEE CIO HED OREO OOD GOOG 0 
MLONEGTALTIO ee Uo oes a et 807 
muhlenbergianum... 1... 0. cece eee 807 
WMOVECUORU CETUS Coe arrtnen ocean eae einen ensue renets 807 
UAHA OOH OS oC OO OHO De aco niccd G5 OBOG 807 
SCLORULTIUSetonisishe snob a ore eee eee a aan eatyal STS NOR 807 
LAG AOH One rer cui eer) SPA re Gin trcacs cosa Cio 0 809 
Trichoidea, group of Panicum................ 693 
richolaemaccsevan a jer Oke acca eee cast merece 716, 999 
ETUSULETUS A aisce Oia state the na wae eeie eae eee aon 970 
TE DETUSIM A Scone PON enalanteecsn sic secer sans rer eeere mentee 947 
TOSCO CERN cle RTO dase SMe Sahel on ER 947 
TOSCO RET HO pete eh oot oesranra, eeslinrac tie ogee ae 716, 947 
VItri CH ONEUTA et ose cess oranteies a) Oe or nitallo eiepiavieliehees 496, 971 
Glegans homme ernicicets Shere a seen c lebenonsrete 497, 971 
HOOK Ori is ies se es eed oe ose Pe ae heeeacuiats 497 
LTUCROONEDNTAGIMUES ss darcloe ie secs on eile oaks 936 
PRE UCUS DUS Ese Nh eae es Gr Ge I Toa ne oo Wah OHI RSRROR 997 
QOUMAUTOLG ns Sie eS he aie oe 973 
AUDESCEN'S 5.0 coe ke boone ioc a eae el etna 971 
GILG UG pore OE eh Oe LL OD RTO 971 
CATOLINUENG iene cise tues Tee 972 
CONG CSE ae rcrevira leis re uee as eae Ce SIRO ea aa Renate 971 
CONT ULC a ea A eae te aU caesar neyo 974 


1048 INDEX 


Tricuspis—Con. Page Triplasis—Con. Page 
CLONQQIGS oe acl Bae ee eet ee 217, 972 flOTIMGNG 2. 3e hen wales Baie Cee Ee 974 
PLOUGS Sisi fecce dee DB oetd ic oie Oe aus cia aren Oe 973 OlaDT Gis eke fein es hot ee eee 974 
LAN GLOTSUU sere) aioe aortas Aaa ee 971 ANECTINCOIG, on. -re, stake cpa piel tec ea 218, 974 
TIUOTUSER CES sce Var si cke Suaiots tahacabete (coh. avers eo oo 948 DUTPUTCR: w\aieisus.s K wlatstate coisse cles ere ae ree 218, 974 
MUULECOIS Ac Saale Har hae ck el Maite rome OR 973 SPOTSULONM sar. o oreie sialon a EE Ee Ee 974 
MEALLEN UT Scere icles chertaeia tees eee tae 973 'TripOZon:,.) gece bose ee eee 497, 974 
NMOUGE-DOTACENSTS § «2.2 fas fee coer eee 972 bromoidesss... 60s cere een eae ee 499 
PN OSUER WON Sean See ke ene OT 211, 973 SPICACUSS 5c on steno eect Eee 499, 974 
MULCHEMG Ss tosis he aes ee tice MOE 974 TYIpSacCeae 5 cies ick sie eee te OO 26, 789 
DUN DUNCUS Sc: 3 cee Rrdie id: Ruta ele Meccini che eke ke Chee 974 "PripSacuim’ j..5<- tievclone 4.c1n0 soncies hee Se 790, 975 
QUINGUUAC Anais Sas oe ee 972 GCULt PLOT ys oo 0S5.0.0 we oss ee Oe OEE 975 
SESICTLOIA ES aa tee yerici, ne Oe 213, 972 CUUNANICUM sar rss ho ee ee Oe 894 

WLELULOSO « isrars cise sveiehs heh els aE 972 dactyloidest... 2.7. s ancien ne De 790, 975 
DOLLA were tins cic, yer tor siete see 973 lOTLAGNUN: nace ee ee eee 975 
SELUCLO ORE AAS COG a 216, 974 RUSDIGUMU Ho oe orice cote OO 975 
LOELON GPG AT etn tec se Lee 974 Lemmont...\ Scie scree oe oe ce Ee. 975 
PRLTAMVETUIGLUINAG | og ets aise spare aie otetsie aps eis aren eiate 972 MONOSLACHYON ees eee eee 975 

EDTIGENS Se Ke Pe iis tei eae 207, 971, 997 MONLOSLACHIPLIN Aes eee eee 975 
AIDESCENS A-srr cies nise eee eee 216, 971 occidentale... ness eee eee 790, 975 
AMD UU Sree ble oes cock West A eee 212, 971 floridanumees. eae see eee cee eee 792, 975 
buckleyanuszserincw so vce. she eee 211, 971 QT ONULGTOS acceso Ne CEE 882 
CALOMUNIANUS Hy ee res Pest ce 212, 971 hermaphroditums- too. eee a OEE 818 
CHADIMAN IPA a abet ares eerie ee 213, 971 lanceolatum’ a0) Geter eee 792, 975 
CONBESEUS Ry ava keveve eters ooo crctendsecbs Maketels 211, 971 latifoliume: 5... ce ciscieren one ee eee 790 
QRUIMUMON ALUN fot how ho oasis eer ee 212, 971 PAQUIN. Sis is his Serco eee ee 790 
ClLON ST AUMS ie itessren teks Meer ee creases 2082105 9071 lLemmontie sae ee ee 792, 975 
CLALTOSEOLUES oy ane wverar ie oie ae eee 212, 972 MONOSLAChIUM oe se eee 975 
PU VUISEM RT: eh Pe heehee reir ornare 208, 213, 972 Triselavia GUOLAS. pene eee 977 
ORANG OLUS se leiele- emt chelcxsieieee oe ee 208, 210, 973 flavescéns: = 232 ie Se eee 975 
LON GLOUSLUT I ge ON On TOC 212, 971 Tingsetobromus Wintuse ee sete nelle aioe eee 838 
TUG CUSH eres cana Cee ents rere 216, 973 DrisGbuims sees oke. tence EEE 287, 975 
Mealle vite fila ac Pace eee. Sear ee 210, 973 GUEOUES :: «Bawls one witless = ete Chee eRe 977 
Ok] ANOMENSISHet o.cys cee acls ares coer 213, 973 QMETICANUN A: tee ee eee 977 
DILOSUSPRE ee Oc eee 208, 210, 973 ORG ONL CUT Aad ee nee Nee 976 
pulchelluspeer sce. crc hers shove SPs 208, 222, 973 GTistatund.s.. Sen ee ee ET 962 
CQUNGUGLAUS cee tein 208, 972, 997 aureum: 5 3.5 ee eee Eee 291, 975 
SESLET LOLA CS ae eink OO eee 973 barbatumi asic. osetia 838 
SULICCUS Mer iape earer els) «oars ee ee 215, 974 MAJOR ic 22 oo Mog oe FR OO 838 
GOXANUS sy wacceiert cer «1 tiene ae Ore comers Crete: 215, 974 OFONTEGE1 iss owes Hoon ee ee ee 977 

SIT OCIA eee eee teri Lote ee re CE 207 O7EONG 2 os oe ee Chie Oe EOL LL 977 
COUMULOLG EATER eee Ae 211, 973 CANESCENS: ost cme welsh eer eee 289, 975 
OLDESCEN SRE Pitta te tiie ohh vince Hee oe 971 MOTUGNUM Sa.020 oe dee hee IEE 976 
TOTO UL tah Wore ee ore te, cee ne 971 LOTISWIN soos oe on Oe Os Ce 975 
QUEEN ECEO a At eh antes tooo etnies ote ee 210 Velulinum: . cj vss « ee eae ee Ee 975 
DUCKLEYAN GR merece. Coe ee ELE 971 COINUUM 2 sk ese ne ee eee ee 288, 975 
COCTULLESCENS Sree irish to chee ee 972 CANESCENS. oa 8 sees cies Smee 975 
COT OUUNTON Derg hsccere cieie oer ds BU eT 971 LUBUTIONSG ices wcce ie ee e E Ee - 975 
CRADMOAN sapere pastas kee Re eee 971 DUDESCENS =< ciia)s oe hk eee 975 
COTUG CSLOD ete ys is ee IM: others Utes ee 971 DVO OCCEUM sob lors iaiart a ais tree chee cies 975 
CUDNEOS yeah oe race NR ae TE RE TE 972 DUGESCENS:. ss. otince Gila ee Eee 975 
CLECUINUD CIS Him peat eiesaiene eK RE ick Ee 954 SAIMAVETOUW: «sols. «. soied she 8 cee eee OE 975 
ARUN NLOT Lee eee ee 212, 971 CONGO. cc ossatsrsiotsn.e a OO eee 977 
CLLR OLE Tien ihstainr tats tiie Ce 971 LOE i OA ee Cee ete iere on ee Ee 5 
CLOT GOLD PR ircicce cucde lotsa en Ie ER 972 flavescens! S203: cent eo ene 287, 291, 975 
ELAGTOSLOLOCS Peeps ee ee ee 972 Rh), EAA I nd ea SIO - 5 

SCADT Ay ae cette heg ns he ee a ste = 972 RGM So ecnlo ce 6 Oe OE 976 
ESLULCU CEU 2 stoi ches tro Pe eee 949 RATEUNG vied wick chee ho ieee oe Oe 837 
NESLUCOLDES Wat aati cee 972 INCELTUPLUMG eee Cee ee eee 287, 292, 975 
TLL et tee PR ir y | one aed rn ese eer oe ae 973 haulage 2. boars os ee ee 976 

CTUSLOLO perro hres ho, Peed ee Ene 973 [QU PAA A APSA Ameo comodo esco 4 961 

CHODPMON ce cries en oe EEO 971 LuUdoOviCcianwm.vers susie pinto: cleitic ene ee 976 

CUDT ED. OF ci ae nee 973 MOAIUS 5 Scots oe ORs a ee CE 977 

LAVORO yon sfevone anesthe ee 973 melicoides.25). act. ie Oe ee 287, 976 
QLUTOSAMR EN ago es eer 851 MAJUS sta isio-o eleva ¢ otis! e alleidhe Tage Sens ot nereRee 976 
QTECTEU Ue scan iste, Be: CNL Popa or ncaeae ee ER eek 940 MELLCOLAEUM COOLEY E. oc -+0 0 -sseetee i) tele) heehee 976 
QEANALPLOT rer hye Oe ee oe Cee 973 IMOUE so = 0b aie ok one ee ee 977 
Lan GlOtSti eee ne ee 212, 971 montanum.|..2 2.6 eee ee cee Lae 291, 976 
MELECOLES = Foe, srs «8 isle ee see ee 976 DULOSUM A a\siele'bicis Simoes weeks ate See 976 
MUU ETUOSO antey tos ke ee oe 979 SEAT o «o oeieecog Seto enn ne eee 291, 976 
MULCA wa AE ae CEO 973 MUMCUIN : 2 ae doc oles ois Sis OOO le Ee 977 
VEALLCU Ute a et Sok Hhked Se OL 973 MUEKAENSE:: = of -a.cjc card sow eyes 0 sche tee ee 975 
MOVLEDOTACEN SUS ey tA eee 972 orthochaetum® oases nieces cies ace eeeee 288, 976 
oklahomensis.........<..cacu bine aston Veuers 973 DOLUSUTE vo 6.5 a:b oe o Orolo eines ev oetator ene 976, 977 
DAMA eae He Recut he ee 880 pennsylvanicums . 4 .c co cicero 291, 976 
DiLOSO ee iss ee eee ee 973 PENTSYLUATUCUIIUs . ae ole ol eles eievere tte > ae eel 960 
PUL CIEL wee Pct oe ade eee. oh Le CLE 973 DT GECCOG s,s eosin cin ctele nee eso oie ike See eEE Oe 810 
DUT DUTED were PN be ueke toler oon) 6 here abet eke teers 974 FRAT OS OGTR OO OT Conc dpe Solos 975 
TEDENS Pew Lae eR eae cae, Seen 984 DROVECUUM. «ein: Sash te ee 291, 975 
Od WH EOCLONA GE ER OO CO GET OIGT OOO SOC- 974 DUT DUTASCENS. cleic) oiele easter seisiclee tee eee 948 
SESLETRTOTA ESE = oictarc calc cteh eee cireieiate ccictebeicrotete 972 Sandbergir <2 ssccraela meee tee ener ie pioleke 975 

GPISLOLOS roosils 0 tisha vosoceis les eae eee otek 972 SESQUUPLOTUM onc he couse elon eee 842 
SUPUCEO ae coe) SSP e olde cco ohn ea eres 974 SRG ace ck oocoheve alle rule ethnic Goethe eee 976 
VOLO TUG eee cn Ot on BOE Gee 974 SpicatuM’, ©). cress oe eile eee 287, 289, 977 
JECT LOL Oe pI OOM OBOE Gbaeaca cor 971 Dritlont..... 2... e eee eee eee eee eee 977 

FLAT DIA SISSY hc yccter eer ecrer thet ere etareole Marre Se" 217, 974 CONGAONE. .... 00 -e eee eee e ee noes 289, 977 
AMELICATIAS cea ced eters seer 218, 974 MAUCRAULUL © oo iwi ee OR ee 977 


COPTEULDS De ae chek slice wal date e unin ORR RS 974 TOLLE sos. 0's caahonaleieter feacie ert stn 289, 977 


ae 


Trisetum spicatum--Con. Page : Page 
ELOSUGLULTING ake) 2 ed Storaliel aia) oheiene une Oe |) Rian ie? MESS sodinde ine eSOsRAEBOSod oscar 201 
SUDSDICALUIN arene het ele A CEO OIA ROO 977 FEV CUS DE CIMMEM Shaye: tyres) cos cuclereies[s: oa: eh aeveceenaeeeeh aoe eee 12 
OHO NSB -clove Gr erncIsS e Old hig GIRIC E60 Dine 977 iy DMOULESIORUNALLACEOM aE ete ic aie 935 
ATUTLEUC LIU aew en TT ee enna oka ehiona oe eens 977 
EATER TP Ea aoe SIES aha SDD on akeile atonal 838 LO rata ke es Resi oh alah oe ea rca A a gaa St 178, 978 
TACHI URSA ae OSC OCHO RE REC OI ORE 838 dishichophnyllaaraneeie ee ee 856 
OUNMOOORIB Gop o8 boon oD AON OONG00 G00) 838 PLCLILOS AC agnrtcs y oer oeRci arson e Oa ee 857 
uO Natt cos eee eae a ore CRN cane NA ert ae ara 287, 288, 977 KOE OCG HO HIG Bee cae sae icsee ee Ee eae eS cy Cueshe ty a 979 
DEANACT CUn nation ean ine holo case eeenie 977 GRACES he Mean rar aor aetna ld eon Ree 978 
ANULLUCUL TIO AB re ee Te eich ote aaiae aK 977 NEtervOChrOG rater, ue OG Ae a Ee 979 
TOLMEVTL ORE IS SO SPADE SCI OLOS O eat 977 BIVLETTIVED UD aiciahor sie! sae Pale oooh ocd a ee 978 
MU eSVOUGE DON UCULOLG eitcm tno) ieleieneyeielone 6 -cleseiene = 979 Fatitoliagiacy. sstaoiouaceiock aaa 179, 181, 978 
DP ISLCGUSNGUULLUN OSC ee arartge ine sie eee siaecholersimratescksiene 897 BAT oisaehn ie Pee teNore de Soke SATE AoNeo ee FoR Cee 182, 978 
MINI ELC UME myer as ooh susie co cieetiomen Gk sav aloueuaie 243, 977 Lorgtfolva a hunt ureeie naciciess eee 182, 979 
LEG UO DOUG CSW erate ie euietey cct niet ae cul ne greaeaalrsis 984 IVACLOSLACKYS err ee eee 979 
BesSbuvUINe elses es oF Ocre ON ER eee 243, 977 INVOTLEVIN Gs See VV Aah ob ah Mee oCcae oy Ta Ee 979 
CHODREOLTOS SAA SO ere 978 MANET OT Gr Saree ee ee 857 
CULT UTP Reon ee ne ea Rcoe 978 TULGTG Bye edna eee orca eee 181, 978 
(ONDA OOD S nS ee ee 978 ornithorhymcharmieanie oct eicee 181, 979 
TLOMOCOCCILIN etree Patra in series Malte g eras 978 j OF Wb 0073) g Urey eels See oan CINE Re eg Ry HL 179 
DOORS Ee Ee 978 PAmMiculatawne rose h avs cio cielo nus deme 179, 979 
SID CLE ep ean re ORp es Oe ne Saray 978 Sessilifloravey on isco Re aa 181, 979 
QILLG ONE rire etait Ores wren ae rist a oy Soe 978 SPU COL ea Pe mR ae VOPR Rr ESE Te 856 
CONV ALIN ered e ain eV yao S 796, 801 SENUCLO Se yeiias ahereetete te ate Dee a Re ee 857 
DIG IMOO SSS oor a Re 798, 801 UTUULORG ccciiy cvcbes ooh avabah ketene anaioteres rato ane CaCO NS 978 
DARTH Go RSS Re ee eee 949 DANE [ORIG haley ere ia ren ea en fares Brea ogc Gk AP eu) 978 
Compachimeemetwr eee pies oon ce Sy aionke 245, 978 Uniseta, section of Aristida..........¢....... -. 465 
BOUT OOS Din 0 A CAIN EA EE 978 WrachWeaSPeTuyOlideenan set en etree 909 
CTUSLALILTI Vga en ener ine oe ren sill) Lace Nhe 797 DREVICTUCALA saau cert aes VRE 910 
QUT LOUDinic bio do Eee Ee ae 796 CAONAACNST See ine ae Mee ete Marthe ee 909, 910 
HESSD AOO WUD SOS B sy OE Se a 797 CRAUVETISUS)s ree Sin testetarebcrahets OOeS tees eee 908 
MOSTRIOP WD o 6-6:5 oes OS A ee 797 [HOHNER ADT Sim E Ee area RR re Dore RM ew ear EL 910 
GiGoccoldestra sae sh oo ee 245, 978 VEUCOSPENINGR rik eaet sete ee ee 909 
GICOCCUIMER rete eee pee an 243, 245, 978 ILO] O Terrence COR Ve harss eons chet okaR See taen ts eR NG SR 908 
ND DUT 5 5 Sie eR See te 978 IMECVATLOSDET ING aaraenstale eile siete eee 910 
SOR CIIE Scio ohare ee ee eee 800 MAUCTONENGE silo Nahe de ea Poteny ata: si cccdnan eae eee 910 
WPOEDS Ot. ob 6 Cr ete On ot ee 245, 978 TALL UC Os e0 ot wrap sth teem ann deh MCW ora: oi oiaNeea ea 909 
CMOS 8G Sb BESS CM no 978 (ROUTAN AE SOS DE ROS OG DOE Oe aes 910 
MUANCWTD 0 5 Sp Sah SE RI Se A 797 Wr alepua mbvGuains tae nese ee 971 
QDR? Bs Hk ho BAS a ME eee 978 QUENGCEA VAT HUUTUGIILOT teres) iecietele eis icekene 973 
VO CLOMO HS 8 SSCS 6 CRG ee 798 DR CVICUSDIGCALG hire hate cher chore isia sree 890 
VOW OU RTOS. Gok S Cs BS ae 797 CUD OG. Ue NNT ee Oia a 2S Ae 972 
TURCQUTD § S86 Ce CA 797, 798 ACTISTLOT he not a ote ee 974 
VCCRSUUTU UNUM RRS Sie ae ce a 232, 799 CLONG OLE RF NOTA etic faces FCO 971 
TUBB Saavik 44 Bit 5 Nene ee ene 245, 978 TVULUC Orr eb ene Ne oi Se ee 937, 973 
PUSTOPUCWID s 0-5 88's Hoth OSE Ge EOS 801 HOCH HW Ka Bes reat Ani NS CC a arn mM iy Fea ta, 880 
MMOMOCOCCUIMP ayo wees saleioiors rere seem 245, 978 AVULOS ere nate, eats hea ake sala a ee 973 
CPCRULMOS 5:3 Raita 6.0 Oth RI ae 245, 978 OMCOUAES) yds ane ie ke RENO ASS rene eae 940 
CULM 5 S25 NA SO id. OS CR ee 796 Pile Wella Goh vor cs owes hota oters acts eke 973 
pauciflorum. SOG UBIO CIN cto Rone FORO Ok oe chee 801 ERUCUS DUS Aimee Vater re teto dete eV eos oak eho a A 972 
(DAPSUCWUD 8 oda G8 Ayo De 245, 978 DOREUGCUELGEC sa. heteteeeanens paren he nesters tans tole eTocs 892 
DOLOMIGTITN 15S ees c one Bee cae 245, 978 Uaralepsistaristulatateerr eke e e ee 974 
Bee hatin Be eee es, Keone sh Bee, teens 802 COMDOSILUES FPR ek Eh eae ee 891 
DUMGADS 5 ote nie Gio o a TS ee oracle 798 COTTULOE RE. DR eee ei eee 974 
DWAIONO MDS soas acetic ote < Sop aia 245, 978 DUR DUT EGS gee ole RE er ciiohe a tetae eRe 974 
TOTNES... 0% 5 tio bt,e S olokaldin, of AA Cae oe eae re 798 Wrochloaimenianisa nek eases che ci eR 922 
QOL 5 5.85.06 Rs 01d OR a OS es 797 Urvilleana, group of Panicum................. 703 
COSRCO DWT D.o. 6'5 0 Cato RAO TB oes 797 UWivittoma seiner ears ercveee teem teleciis.t force te Rae 187 
UOT MOD s ss 6 HERES OOM Soo beEee 799 
(DUGG Ss 5° 6,55 0 OS Cs Bs CODE AP ee 798 Vahlodea atropurpured. .......ceecececccceees 851 
subvillosum........... AB iy SSE ONS ete ae 797 KOREAN Ma) Hie Hissin eae ee otis us ce RNS pee OY 8? 852 
FUORI s Nig 6c 8S CAO ae EL ens 800 eat a ra Nei ok A eae, anacueaien drainer a tas AN eaeae Mam 570 
SHOUD» 5 08 0G Hoo BO OE Be ee 243, 978 DrteRcock ives Lee pean oe Ie oe SO 970 
COMDUM 3-0 6 Bia a ee EO Lao ere 78 RIUS UAT US DR. Un aise. thats Rae ee en ee a eR I 970 
COM DOSUATIOS dc. 6 Oo Re ore 978 SOCCHOVOLELE Ee eee eee 969 
OLELG ULC RENEE Ter eS Sees i 243, 978 WaseyArrassiican shcaccrla sa tpeieiitacars een cae 599, 615 
TSHMCCROMKD. s oa 8h lo SOR Ho A eee 799 VAGSeY GNCOM ALG a en es ei whine ee 898 
SOOT ICUTD s 6 50.3 56 sa BO Oe 799 Waseyochl Oak ised cit sues ses ea seve teins 207, 979 
SDE liar Per he Ree esl chin orks was olacnak Sav 243, 978 MUL GIMERVOSA ase ese sees Gace ereeteiere 207, one 
Sphaerococcum:. nds ook weenie... oe 245, 978 Wecetative organs: ). - + sss bern a ok es 
STDS De 060-600 CUD OSE A ee 800 Welvethbentaee sie ans tab eee eee wae ae 
SUDSACUMCMTD « 6 35:4) a4 0k SSE Le ee Oae 800 TASS eis Soe es a Roe SE roa) Wawa RUE Sets waterne 305 
GUM OD MEE Nabe e ete a oo F ee eas vos or enel bo bu8 DAR OTS IME ViCINSICTASS'.n05.4% 2 sass & vis oases 80% Sloe ee 549 
RULE 5 5 6 aa Bg See 802 SWECER Re ee ane tin ae oe ye buses oe 549 
URUCRODNOGUT UREN Re me nr hc hare kek epee 802 Verrucosa; group: of Panicum. .>.....+sss0 oes 703 
UPOURIBUNOs 00.0 6S ok AOR oe ee 796 IWEEIVEDR init oh ea bunnies Sie, Seg nema 772 
GUT CAG UIMsee us ee ace ea ce tha 245, 978 We biVeT ia ieee elt UN carl evan sch rekon rea 772, 979, 999 
OOM OOOO Ts 5 5 BES oe AO Os OS ee 798 QRUNAUNACER Wasa ena N ioe eke neath aes 979 
WCLUG CLC Se TO eee iD ee 243, 245, 978 INUT ECOL As Os RE AGA = siti 4 aoe aero e Si eres 979 
COMO Dia, 6.050 Os PEt. Ae oe 978 TUVOMULG TU Hie eras Cah A eu aaeREe Bk ae ASE 999 
AOU BISIS GTP 5 5 Ae ee eee ee 3a ODOT AERC hos Senko a A AF SL Oe 979 
INDY BTS 3 5 GDRs AE EE. eae 998 OdOTAUSSTN CBee oe a hee 979, 999 
SAPUCLBG a, bo 8 oe tu Ree ae eee oe 998 ZAZANIOVG CSun ve aeie share eneia esi 772, 979, ee 
UNE @BNHEROSE). BCs aceasta ace on 305 Walfavagnostoidea)s ince ose ies Oe oe eee 
MEMRcedelalGerasset ds caver sec a.ctehc cae cvare.e 295 QUOUD ES eae ee Se oi PR 362 
shumplesrassmer issn tis ee a ec eeicntes 508 CDE a gk ONE a an) ene Ee 803, 960 


AUOESID RDS os ker ee ee 775 AUS DATE eh Tee eA eee RE eae 803 


1050 INDEX 


Vilfa—Con. Page Vulpia—Con. Page 
CLG Ud sSaterear av onckerte sie Mise eT ES T OE 935 DACURCG). 0 4cts(sisvetals sic; Ghee eee Ene 876 
arachnoidea......... Laveee soe HIBLeG ene aL 900 QUOATIULON GS ctocrcar hone ee ee 878 
AT QULO a cicc ciclcus Susiela to locscacokete Be IE eee 965 NOPLCLO SS iorerere clos also oe ee 876 
OTHONSANG sy kta ioc aise ee Oe 965 SCUUTIED s,s .cectein lated Bao eee 878 
ASDC. Orica ris Eo ree Cee 962 tendlla se clase case eee 876 
GSPETUfolleeracin chen ee Le ee 899 
Wan no ord aah AN BE OOC DOD OON bod 964 Wasatchiakingy.. eee eee 883 
clandestina Mee neaoues tiene tuisie evel ePeacyske Oe Ee 963 Washington bents..: 0. “f..., see ee 334, 339 
COMPOSUA. «6. eee e reece recs eneeeeens 962 foxtail...0 40. S600 eee 359 
COMPTESSA. 6. eee eee eee cece eee e ees 907 | “Water’bents2uiactse on en ee 338 
CTY DIAN ATA ere ee 963 foxtatl occas ihe ed, eee 359 

PlCLUOSA.. 1. eee ee eee cere ence 963 BEASB eco ss een ae es ee 599, 615 
CUSDUCAIO TS fe ets eee eee 900 paspalum: 2... ro so Cn as eee 599, 615 
depauperata Dip asa Hocuonn aod oon Gdn 905 Wedgegrass oe. 0 Se a dee 283 

kad kien ocooeeh oso qaao oO 4 noS03 00 901 DIATE. eee se eee 283 
GUS DAT eee ne ee nec e cnc ee nee eee eee nee 803 slender. oasheoras eke bea een eee 283 
domingensis oy oflomeya) ate sielleje lore \ekelesXeiielai(9\.0/sKoesKeKe 963 Weeingaertnerta nc cae eee 998 
ORUUION GU ee eae ee Mee nlp eo note 962 CANCSCENS Oe cic he ot REE 848, 998 
CMU s Polo cin She Saree ab On oce tdab 964 | Western fescue... ...4 2400) ae eee 74 
exilis . S sotgngdps saben bes JouoUedond oor 964 needlegrass.* 2 ca.02 2, ee Ee ee 455 
el VCULNUES a eietev ets ote cee iste 01s) aise 906, 907 wheéatrrass. ceo oe er ee 230, 234 
FUMVESCENS. 06. o.oo seen ese esntoreracets 264 |) Wheat’. 2.2. 2) ae 4 cee 243, 245 
GlomMer ata... . 11... eee e eee e ees r rere nee 804 Alaska's. occa ieie gee eee 245 
OROCIUUSHE ie hike ee ee ee 900, 964 durum:’....0. 0c) Se eee 245 
GLactlliumasee ic tees ee ie ee re 901 Egyptian. .00 0. sec cece. ceo eee 245 
TOSINTALLADOR, =o GHEB OES OBA ECU abi 0b Sock 965 MITACIG - ..eoe e e ee 245 
LEAT ROG EE eee OR RTE SE ROE, Oh ue ae 963 MUMMY 68 . seek ee 245 
ROOK Crete Si eo cad cheer eRe oe 962 Polish 2.22 ee eis eee 245 
indica... Hrd daa wae. don oc nike GoadG 963 poulard.ss. oc eke eee 245 
JACQUEMONELL. ©... eee eee ence ee eeeeeees 963 Wiheatgrass icici. sos scielevnswecie ioe Sane 230 
JUNEED. oe eee e ent e cnr eenetsancneese 964 Bakerac cc. orien cs che 239 
Lateniflona noe a hon ee otk SP ne ea 901 bearded... 0s ee eee 238 
liebmanni Ss eiusge inyeiinunieqe/eteliee) eel s/s: sJ09)0 «\lsiloselfesese ve 965 beardless.,.. 2.3.0. aes) ee oe ee 241 
littoralis SIRI OI ST CRO HI een ci Ie 965 bluebunch<..:... Lee A eee 230, 240 
DOTULOLIG atte ices: 21 ho via yenais leh Aa ysterae tat eee: 962 CRESTED ci tolsccus Ge ieee On ee 232 
iG 8 eee 964 Slenden yen ee ee eee 230, 238 
TROL UC IU Metal) aes soa regaihaneeach ore! hegaieteeek Noe 903 spreading =. 2 oso ssssccles os ole) ehee eee 240 
minima OOOO Oty CoC Cth) CHE PEC OCC RE OIOIHO, ChE OR 907 streambank Bia dane eieha ma Elen telecine ro Pee 236 
MONONA 0 o.oo win oo nein o)n)cie dials. a15.e'sraiele 935 thickspike.’. 300.5... 20 +0. 0% - ese 235 
TUURLETDER G44 cee veka at oes rat ex onerans heterejcvetoereler 981 Westerns 3 sce kee ae wks cee eae 230, 234 
MULAN 0 creer eres essnctesvsees O11 ||. Wheeler bluegrass...5...-..-122-2 00. Dee 111 
PUTPUTASCENS., «6.20 sree ween een cerececs 965°\| Whiteitridensy...22...0.505.60eo2 ae 216 
TACEMOSA. 6. eee eee eee cee eee e ee eeeee 904 Wihitegrass.;) 3. 08. oo. eee eee 558 
TEPENS. 6. eee cere cence cece eee ee nceeees 905 Wild cane iis S55 eters ah oe core ee 743 
TELL OST ACLU ee een asic Tener ho Tee 803 CHESS fi et Re I ee ee ea 46 
TUCILON Oa eR hee Rc Fy ee eee ne eS 965 Oat oe ee ee a ae aL ape en 300 
GUCLOTCSONUS RE hie oe ee Oe 905 Wild=ryes co al coe er ee ee 247 
OA GANAS SCRE Ete RPE MI CtT At eI eeiG MENTE 965 ‘beardless. -. cc... lo oe A eee 253 
BOT OS erie eer OPRAH TOIT O Oa Be 905 blues se oe Oe 256 
CYTOL LA ests exh Ane AC RC eg PORE tI AE ny 843 Canadacn ce eee 261 
SC DECI POR ooo iced ee aR eae eee eto 965 @iant ss shoe eee 255 
SACOLLLG eeeta at tian cusee RVI aeeysienees 907 Macoun™. 0... ee es eer 257 
GHGs, Rh Oana Oe HOMER e COL OOOO SHU OD 807 Salina os qo kcw's ive coe eee oe eee 255 
SCIUCUCON AAA ols syottar oe lee odes eeuereior ie eee 964 Virginia’... 66. see eee 261 
COO DOT 6 co ONS ED DOHC COT Ae AG ae 907 1) Wildrice. 72. eos doe 561 
CO UOTE QUO had DOO ODD GU OO FOoe 960 ANNUAL. co sh ak cose oe coe Rae eee 561 
SQUATTOSA.. 6... cece eee ee ee eee renee eens 905 SOUtH ern 2)95% 5.0100 ote onc ererel a eos 563 
SCOLONU EN Dry ene sees ee Se. Ree 809 TAXAG. vs hoe eee 561 

MATUTNA, 6. o's ose eecissenecencnceens 806 |> Walsbaldia subtilis, 5.5 us.n ue ose eee ee 847 
SUD DYNAMIN GLD 0. oicicc'sen.n a le'afola) se iaiabotetonsleioke 965 | Williams needlegrass............eceeececeeees 458 
GCTTE OB Gok Hbcdion SAE MnoanA dae UeooNoC 964. |) Willkommia.. 0. oes.< 20122 ee 504, 979 
LEN ACUSSUMOAVATCLULLS aeiie a cial cheteraioicnehel a chereve 965 sarmentOss 2. el ee eee 505 

USCUCOUM stains fais o¥s ois sievols tee sie exeleteucts 963 COXAND Swe hoe eee 505, 979 
CONT Chats ose sic aie'e\ shale 216 wotnto by felar im ole el tolee 907 ©] Windmill'grass....c< ...«-- 5.6. sheet eee 528 
EGUCOLENLS. « eyaloceleiove1s\« ool ssciste ote (shale te eVo!cy tele 827 Wendsoridic tice oe be ce eee 997 
SOLON XG Tish seein te rae tee Roe tee Pen ey OOo OL 963 GmMbigudecccc in 2 he eee 971 
ALLL US eR cle Be raest  Raeee tie oP ET rete 907 Daido ee ee oe ee 880 
WAGIMUILONG noicress e1ors/)<¥ar<) shatlale lel w eiehe exe ereuerers 965 POGESOTINUSs « siccsue nines Pel Oe OOO 972 
CLIC SEAS SOOO aD Une OCOD OO OC OCU O00 984 Sesleriovdesy: co Acosta eatin etn. coe eine 972 
VETLUCULLALG erat toe ee eke 808 Stricta. «oe sc ca he. Cae hore Nee 974 
CHILI OIG ODA UID OMA EGO ARC ObODD AOb aC 964 Wintergrass, Peruvian. ... 2-0-0) oes 556 
COLLIE Ie SR Men a TEA BN AS SCEE, 5 965 | Wire-grass, «2% 020. so nda eee 503 

BR UU OTIS: ake as) fore ona) vey siateleoieloteje owls eo) Rebello 809 Warestemtmully.:, 2. a cures ccstercuereicrotel ketone teeters 394 

WANG-Mesduiteue Meise eects nie tees eee (04°) Witeherass: 66050) ichw cece ee eee 689 

NMairgatagrouplot Panicum... (2 seo seis seit 697 fall Se Sos ees re 585 

Virgata, group of Paspalum... <2... .0.- +0. “0,821 ||. “Wolfs trisetum’sss ¢ ajc .cu ein eo ee 288 

Witzinianwild-rye. 0 petit ceeie oe oe oe oeyrotae 261: | Wolftaili’s. skal phon daw ccscoe. Eee 365 

Vulpia; section of Westuca. 15 0+ ++ seca 58759 - || ‘Wood’ bluegrass... 2.0.5 ../ostelcis aR eeeeee 122 

VWulpiaidertonenstsset een ieee ee ee 873 Woodteed sok sh eee eee 355 
CHING ane Soo On DOME aetOOn OU nO DAD OD 878 Grooping << dsc sees See eee ee 355 
MEGALUTA.. 1 sree eer ererevcceeeeereters 874 gtoutieng vn.ccc bc ol aee etre ean eee 355 
MIUCTOSLACHYA.. 6. se evvvvececeeercrecees 874. | Wooton three-awn..«.:2.s econ sccee Uo eee 472 

CLULCLG rerouted hin cetshe ecto. ciel chsteremeiee bole ods ee 
LCCC TIC SOC is OIE SCO 0 OU OD CC Xanthonanthos odoratus.........0..+---s+ee2% 818 
Go OH ITO Nat Re a Ca 875 KAiDPNAGTOstes JAPONICA. oso wae oie 6 stele aleislesl sti 898 

ET ECLLC or ee a arctnne wb tieseh Lore tare cued ouetodey eres ; 
aie LV Ric ace avatars etere hetero eee ie 875) \ Yellow bristlezpass-is =o cictenieeicie oii erereeverele 718 


MISC. PUBLICATION 200, U. 8. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE 1051 


Page Zerna—Con. Page 

Zawadkeyalkali-2vassi eis sce cee oo see cleieliciels 77 ER ECLO PTR Ee CEE ren RN NAS cde enone k 834 
ED aie 5 9-6 EBS EBS SESE Ee ee en 794, 979 GUI ATLED NAN Pees rue Cen Rere re 874 
OOF URTEhn fab ) O TORO OU AOD oe one 979 OULSSOTLUD OP Rae tre ee en eran WE Ct oe Cee 837 
(OTROS thd Go eB OE EEE ERC CRORE 980 UIVERINUSOE RS ame RE aS en eed ward Sane ae 834 
PUTO MGsoovenos 60 ob bouonanAoo0 DD OGC 980 Latiglirmisenn ens sis ae AE 835 
GrivluralgwSseoocccecooqbadasosdoddnoooes 979 TNOCTOSLACRY SHER oer 835 
CDC ee TA rane csnieneiie ole Minas 980 TMAATILCTSTSHINEE nn 835 
LORD ss 0 bee ek OD Oe Oe an eel Sacre oka 979 INYUTOSH Mater mean ee ero arr o GoR  ee ee 875 

ED OMUCUS ET ToBI cael eu stiaye. she et viel wiles oye 980 DUT OATS os eesouede sicueichaycee eta nea Ie ac EARN 836 
TTIOS: OOTAT IRE ire Poss ROR OD Ee CeO Gare 980 TANMLOSG Ea) Cab pce Pomc iatevemee RENEE 836 
BOVE Sio.0. 6 Bites Oro oa eR oie eine recnnan 794, 979 RUCKATASONUO raraqete aed etree mene meee 834 
CVCL GA eer n peat CE ales a seevcnuaer Wheto 980 TUDO ETS O ewer teak y tts cree Sea ca et ae Pe RS 837 

CUCTEA PTR REN ee eres eee 980 SLERULES hres ie eterno une ea an hase Rene 837 

TEN OYOMVIGE isaac erereeee Seen eee 794, 980 LECLOTULIN cr target cet ea oe oe Cent oe 837 

HOPVOME COD ay a Sie Ore RECO CREO 980 ALN TOLOUDES Hey nee ee ee aa ee 833 

DAMS COMIC: aks couddsoaccse0en lb B ae 979 DULG OTSA OM ah een eee OR oie ee ee 838 

FORAOOERE Saal esto SS Be ee eed arco 979 ZAZATIAY eer he erase et eae ea ee 561, 980 
ACCRUES Lin tone aioe. tet wee 980 AQUATICA seri sear een aus ee: 561, 980 
HUNICALATE EAS Te ern. aos Ga hee we 794, 980 aAneustitoliawarss eee 561, 980 
DURGETLUCO Ry er aE ae ne a bon PO area E a 979 LIVGETU OT Sac ee te ee ee ae 561, 980 
OQLUCT Io aes SE Ee Lee ee 873 CLOVULOSG URE ethic: oes ae eae 980 
SAO WA OLOL ES BIS Rac Bicol ease er Pao 980 CURTIS OTA PRU aaa eee airs pe MeN a eh ko 980 

SC CLAUUS Tae PCR AGEL Se Set ace te le sel ellel llellaie 979 TULLE TUSHM mire Sey cM eee A ieee en eee 886 

CUT UCONG A MARE Oot ni ears cin esses di aiecsll sores 980 RIVLENUOTE SD oe aeseeruren te ume ae Bia RE eee Aine ten 980 
POUT TID SOR. Spy tre ho Ree 979 HACif Oli ave tet eg or ee Mle cae ees 561 
LGD: SOMOS ERE as 08 © kt 6 RO eee 796 Lenticularsiaa een eine a eee 889 
GOSGHDS ESSE EE ob OE eae Ler 797 INVUTL CED EAR eee ag A ac Tah ea Ee eee 980 
GASUSLACHUUIUGEE Cinee ees oe ela olen was 797 OLAS Ey, Feo Ee ee 886 
UI COMBE go o\0 oho Die Gaia aS Ree 797 DAUUSERUS ee en ceo cecn tele. Ie en en eee 980 
POULUS Se pee eet REE Ia Sastre bigveais ars 800 SULDULL ES Maran te ie hae oc: Pc oR Ss 847 
DEOIG GINO 5 5256 SER Oh Ce 800 = | ARE) olor eioimero qe ena ao tan Cee CMeG Ob O68 oO 561, 980 
DSCUGOTE DENS RR EO. care teen: 798 LAZATICAC HE Ee ey oor cs oth ag Ane eee ee 23, 561 
PODS E Sis BERS erolatace BOt ean Ree CIR 799 LZAZANIO PSISMeee are entre ae ws A ee 563, 980 
TUCO OOO o-teoth, 60-8 oro Cee ee oe ae 801 MUCTOSLOCK OMe ne ae eee 563 
PUECUBS bbb, C55 Oe ALG OD ea ee 799 TMM ACCA Meh ees ohh mes fk dient 563, 980 
SOHO o se, 6 1336 6 6 SS OR es SE ee 800 VAN ASHE: Ne tis oe Pera anh EMCEE ae Oe! 484, 980 
SHG 5 SSE SS eee a re 800 TADONICA Re pe eels tenemos Soden 484, 485, 980 
URDCR Ds os Chim0 6 Cte er ae ne 802 Ta trella wer smc pe cetreete Cea © aecnese ee otaie eee 484, 980 
DULT GUST OCSELV Grn oes eb os oe cn oes 978 DULG CTU SI ren Fe AEE ik whe Sidas ook 484, 980 
LCOCTOMALUSEUCY TC Oe ee oe ae 887 J ADONICE ae Gra econ eee 484, 980 
LCF QROMODTS S.6 & Eblg a: bv0 Oo Ob 0 Rican OED a 832 LADO CMOS i = ins 8 Cae URE DE Scoot 484, 980 
CHPTHDs. 5-6 6 Sb DISS Woot 0 Oe RO A oe 834 tenuitohiaeeersc eee oe os ee 484, 485, 980 
GUSEACIY OS Riss Is he oO bias SR eZoysiene areas ccna eee Bs oa coe eee 21, 482 


% U. 8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1950—842972
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